2026年中考英语二轮复习第2章代词学案(含答案)

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2026年中考英语二轮复习第2章代词学案(含答案)

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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第二章 代词
二、考点跟踪解读
1. 人称代词主格、宾格形式及其主要用法;
2. 名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法;
3 反身代词的形式、意义及其主要用法;
4 常见不定代词的一般用法;
5. 指示代词的一般用法,并了解其在上下文中的指代用法;
6. 相互代词的基本用法;
7. 疑问代词的基本用法。
8. 关系代词的基本用法。
三、要点精讲全解
(一)人称代词
人称代词是表示“我、我们”,“你、你们”,“他、她、它、他们”的词。它有第一、二、三人称,单数和复数之分,还有主格和宾格之别。第三人称还有性别的区别。
1.人称代词的形式
单数 复数
人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
主格 I you he she it we you they
宾格 me you him her it us you them
2. 人称代词的句法功能
(1)作主语。人称代词作主语时,要用主格。
如:She is a nurse.她是护士。
They are English teachers. 他们是英语教师。
(2)作宾语。人称代词的宾格可用在动词或介词后作宾语。
如:She helped me with my English yesterday. 昨天她帮助我学英语了。
Don’t worry. Mrs Green is taking care of them. 不要担心,格林夫人在照看他们。
(3)作表语。人称代词作表语时一般用宾格形式,但在比较正式的场合也可用主格。
如:-Who’s that 谁啊?
-It’s me. 是我。
【注】不同的人称在一起使用时,单数人称代词通常按照“二、三、一”排列,复数人称代词通常按照“一、二、三”排列。如:
You, she and I are good friends.你、她和我是好朋友。
We, you and they have been to the Great Wall. 我们、你们和他们都去过长城。
(二)物主代词
物主代词是表示所属关系的代词。分为形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
1.物主代词的形式
单数 复数
人称 一 二 三 一 二 三
形容性物主代词 my your his her its our your their
名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
2.物主代词的用法
(1)形容性物主代词在句中作定语,修饰名词;如:
Our school is not far from here.我们学校离这里不远。
My teacher is friendly to me. 我的老师对我很友好。
(2)名词性物主代词在句中可作主语、宾语或表语,不能作定语。如:
This is my book. Yours is on the desk.
这是我的书,你的在桌子上。(作主语)
My bike is broken. May I use yours
我的自行车坏了,我可以用一下你的吗?(作宾语)
Look at the watch on the desk. Maybe it’s yours.
看桌子的那块手表,也许是你的。(作表语)
【注】常见的含物主代词的短语有:on one’s way home, do one’s homework, with one’s help, to one’s surprise, do one’s best, all one’s life, change one’s mind等。
(三)指示代词
表示“这个”,“那个”,“这些”,“那些”等意思的代词叫做指示代词
1.指示代词的形式
单数 this that
复数 these those
作用 用于指离说话者所在地较近处 用于指离说话者所在地较远处
2.指示代词的用法
(1)指示代词在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。如:
This is a car, and that’s a bike. 这是汽车,那是自行车。(作主语)
How do you like this 你觉得这个怎么样?(作宾语)
What you want is that, I know.我知道你想要的是那个。(作表语)
This magazine is about Chinese development.这本杂志是关于中国发展的。(作定语)
(2)打电话时,常用that代替you,用this代替I。如:
-Is that Mr Green speaking 您是格林先生吗?
-Yes. Who’s that 是的,你是哪位?
-This is Helen. 我是海伦。
(四)反身代词
反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词。它的基本含义是:通过反身代词指代主语,使施动者把动作在形式上反射到施动者自己。因此,反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系,在人称、性、数上保持一致。
1. 反身代词的基本形式。
第一、二人称是由形容性物主代词加self或selves构成的,第三人称是人称代词的宾格加self或selves构成的。如下表:
数 人称 单数 复数
第一人称 myself ourselves
第二人称 yourself yourselves
第三人称 himself themselves
herself
itself
2. 反身代词的句法功能
(1) 作动词或介词的宾语:在enjoy, teach, hurt, cut, buy, introduce, dress,等动词和by, for, to, of等介词后作宾语。如:
He is teaching herself English.她在自学英语。
She was talking to herself.她自言自语。
He lives by himself in the country.他独自住在乡下。
(2)作主语或宾语的同位语:主要起加强语气的作用,译作“亲自,本身,本人”。如:
Did you make the cake yourself 这蛋糕是你亲自做的吗 (yourself作主语you的同位语)
The work itself is easy.这工作本身很容易。(itself作主语the work的同位语)
(3)用作表语。如结构be oneself.例如:
I am not myself today. 我今天不舒服。
(4)用于一些简短的会话用语或固定说法中。如:
Help yourself to some cakes! 请随便吃蛋糕吧!
Make yourself at home! 别客气!
(五)不定代词
不定代词是用来泛指人或事物的代词,大多数兼有名词和形容词的功能。初中英语中常见的不定代词有: some, any, each, every, no, none, all, both, many, much, a lot of, lots of, another, other(s), (a) few, (a) little, one(s), neither, either以及由some, no, any, every 构成的复合词。
1. some, any
some和any既可修饰可和可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。some一般用于肯定句中, 而any一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中。如:
There are some flowers on the desk, but there isn’t any chalk.桌子上有些花,但是没有粉笔。
If there are any new magazines in the library, take some for me.
如果图书馆来了新杂志,替我借几本。
注意:some 也可用于表示请求,希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中。如:
Would you please give me some paper?
请你给我一些纸张好吗?
2. many, much, a lot of,
(1)修饰的名词不同。many用来修饰可数名词,much用来修饰不可数名词,a lot of 既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词a lot of 短语作主语时,动词要a lot of后面的名词一致。
(2)所用的句式不同。many和much在使用时不受句式限制,可用于肯定句中,也可用于否定句或疑问句中。a lot of多用在肯定句中,在否定句中要把 a lot of 变为many 或much。
There isn’t much milk in the bottle. 在瓶子里没有多少牛奶了。
3. (a)few, (a)little
a few 一些,少数几个 few 几乎没有 用来修饰可数名词
a little 一点 little几乎没有 用来修饰不可数名词
表示肯定 表示否定
He made a few mistakes in his exam paper. 他在试卷上犯了几个错误。
The problem is so difficult that few of us can solve it.
这道题太难了,以至于我们中几乎没有人能解出来。
There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里几乎没有水,
I have little money to buy books. 我几乎没有钱买书。
4. each, every
each 强调个体,表示两个或两个以上中的“每一个”,在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。every 强调整体,表示三者或三者以上中的“每一个”,只能作定语。 如:
There are trees and flowers on each side of the road. 在路的两边有许多树和花。
Every student in our class works hard. 在我们班里的每个学生都努力学习。
5. another, other, others, the other, the others, any other, else
(1) another泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个”,泛指单数。可单独使用,也可后接名词。如果其后接复数名词,则表示“又、再、还”。如:
I don’t like this one. Please show me another. 我不喜欢这一个,请给我拿另一个。
Where shall we be in another ten years 再过十年我们会在哪里呢?
(2)other可用作形容词或代词,其复数形式others。other和others 前面加定冠词the时是特指。要注意以下几种结构的不同含义。
one…the other… “(两个中的)一个……另一个……”
some…others…“一些……另一些……”
some… the others… “一些…… 其余的……”
other前有this, that, some, any, each, every等修饰时,表示单数概念,指代或修饰单数名词。如:He is taller than any other student in his class, 他比班上的任何同学都高。
(3)else 常用来修饰疑问代词或不定代词,作后置定语; other 常用来修饰名词,作前置定语。
What else can you see in the picture 在图画里你还能看见什么?
What other things do you like 你还喜欢什么东西?
6. both, neither, either
both 表示“两方的”指两者的双方,其谓语是复数;either 表示“(两者之间)任意, 每一”指两者之间的任意一方,即兼指两者,谓语用单数。 not...either =neither,也是both 的否定形式。
Both of them are engineers.他们俩都是工程师。
Either of them is an engineer.他们中哪一个都是工程师。
I don’t know either of them=I know neither of them.他们俩我都不认识。
⑵尽管both和either 表达的意义相近, 但有时不可互换。
It will be a good match. Both sides have(Either side has)been playing well recently.
这将是一场精彩的比赛, 因为双方最近竞技状态都很好。
If you keep still, you can sit at either end of the boat.(不可换成both ends)
如果你坐着不动,那你可以坐在小船的任意一边。
7. all, both, either, whole
(1) all表示“三者,三者以上都”both表示“两者都”。all与both在句中可以作主语、宾语、同位语和定语,在句中位于be动词、情态动词、助动词之后,实义动词之前。对all的否定应用none。对both的否定应neither。
如:Both (of them) are students. 他们两个都是学生。
The students all went to the movies last night. 昨天晚上学生都去看电影了。
(2)all与whole都有“整个 ”“全部的”之含义。一般来讲, all可以修饰各类名词,要置于冠词、物主代词或其它限定词之前。 而whole 只能修饰具有整体意义的单数名词,要置于这些限定词之后。
all my life/ my whole life 我的一生
all the story/ the whole story 整个故事
(3)either, “(两者之中)任一、任何一个”。在句中可作主语,谓语动词用单数形式,;作定语时,只能修饰单数名词。如:
Either (of the books) is popular with the students.
(两本书)随便哪一本都受到同学们的欢迎。
You can park on either side of the street. 在街道的哪边停车都可以。
8.复合不定代词
(1) some, any, no, every和body, thing, one等构成的词,叫复合不定代词。含some 和any的复合不定代词类似于some和any的区别,带some的一般用于肯定句,带any的一般用于否定句或疑问句中。含no的本身表示否定。如:
I have something to do this evening.今天晚上我有事要做。
Can I do anything for you 我能为你做点什么吗?
(2)复合不定代词在句中作主语时,谓语动词要用动词的第三人称单数。
Everyone is here today. 今天大家都到齐了。
(3)形容词修饰复合不定代词时,应后置。如:
I have something interesting to tell you.我有些有趣的事情告诉你。
四、思维误区警示
(一)人称代词
【例题解析】
(1)(北京海淀)My mother is a teacher. _______is very kind and easygoing.
  A. He B. Her C. She D. Him
  答案:C。考查人称代词主格的用法。根据my mother,排除 A 和D项。作主语用人称代词的主格,不能用宾格D。
(2)(吉林通化)-Look, that’s Mike, your classmate.
- Yes. Let’s go and say hello to ______.
A. him B. he C. her D. hers
答案: A。本题考查人称代词的宾格。用在介词to后用宾格。根据Mike,排除C、D。
【易错知识点解析】
人称代词有主格和宾格之分。作主语时,要特别注意主谓一致,作宾语时,要用在动词或介词之后。
(二)物主代词
【例题解析】
1. (江苏省苏州市) _______camera is not so expensive as _______,but it works well,too.
   A. My; his B. Mine; him C. M; him D. Mine; his
 答案:A。考查物主代词的用法。如果后面所修饰的是名词则用形容词性物主代词,反之则用名词性物主代词。这样由第一个空可排除B、D项,而C项中的him又不符合题意,故正确答案为A项。
2. (湖北黄冈)—The pet dog in your hand is very nice. Is it _______
—Yes, but I’ll give it to my friend, Lucy as _______ birthday present.
A. you; her B. yours; hers C. yours; her D. you; hers
答案:C。本题考查物主代词的用法。先是考查了名词性物主代词作表语,然后考查名词性物主代词作定语。
【易错知识点解析】
物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,形容性物主代词作定语,名词性物主代词可作主语、宾语或表语等。两者的关系是:名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。
(三)指示代词 
【例题解析】
1. (黑龙江省)The pears in my basket are smaller than _______ in Jim’s.
  A. it B. that C. ones D. those
  答案:D项。考查指示代词those的用法。those在句中用来代替前面出现过的复数名词。题意为“我篮子里的梨比吉姆的那些(梨)小”。
2.(北京海淀区)—Can I get you an apple?
—That’s very nice of you.I’ve already got .
A. it B. one C. that D. this
答案:B。one与it都可作代词,one表示泛指,指前面提到过的那类人或物中的任意一个,it表示特指,指代前面提到的那个人或物。
【易错知识点解析】
指示代词有单数的this和that以及复数的these和those.当指较近距离的人或事物时用this或these;指较远距离的人或事物时用that或those. 在形容词或副词的比较级中,我们常用that代指前面的单数名词,用those代指前面的复数名词。
(四)反身代词 
【例题解析】
1. (天津)—She is too busy to help us finish the work..—Let’s do it .
A. herself B. myself C. ourselves D. itself
答案:C。这个句子的意思是“让我们自己做吧。”本题考查反身代词的用法,ourselves在句中作同位语。
2.(浙江省丽水市)He is too young to look after _______.
  A. herself B. himself C. myself D. yourself
 答案:B。考查反身代词的用法区别。四个选项分别意为“她自己”、“他自己”、“我自己”、“你自己”。根据题意“他太小了不能照顾他自己”可知,正确答案为B项。
【易错知识点解析】
反身代词的单复数和人称构成形式不同。第一、二人称是“物主代词+self(selves)”,第三人称是“宾格代词+self(selves)”。单数词尾是-self,复数词尾是 -selves。此外,反身代词还有以下常见搭配:by oneself(=alone)独自,靠自己;enjoy oneself(=have a good time)玩得开心;teach oneself自学;help oneself to,随便吃(喝),其中oneself有单复数之分。
(五)疑问代词 
【例题解析】
1. (山东省)The new car has been here for several days. _______ is it?
   A. Where B. What C. Whose D. Who
  答案:C。考查疑问代词的用法辨析。根据题意“这辆新车已经在这里好几天了,它是谁的?”可知,正确答案为C项。
2.(福州模拟)-__________is Tom like -Oh, he’s short and fat.
A. What B. How C. Whom D. Which
答案:A。句意是“汤姆长得怎么样?”空格部分应填疑问词作like的介词的宾语,应该用what,但不能用how。
【易错知识点解析】
疑问代词用来构成疑问句,一共有五个:who,whom,whose,what,which。whose在句中作表语或定语;who(whom)提问的是人的身份;what指某人的身份或职业。
(六)不定代词 
【例题解析】
1. (河北)—Mum, Bill is coming to dinner this evening.
—OK. Let’s give him to eat.
A. something different B. different anything
C.anything different D. different something
答案:A。 some及some合成的代词一般用于肯定句中,any及any合成的代词一般用于否定句、疑问句中。形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代词时,一般要放在它们后面。
2. (安徽)—Which of the two English dictionaries will you buy?
—I’ll buy of them, so I can give one to my friend, Helen.
A. either B. neither C. all D. both
答案:D。 all表示“三者或三者以上都”;both表示“两者都”;与all相反的none表示“三者或三者以上都不”,与 both相反的neither表示“两者都不”。either表示“(两者之中)任何一个”,可以与of连用。
3. (上海徐汇区) ________ of them has his own opinion.
A. Both B. Some C. Every D. Each
答案:D。该题考查的是不定代词用法。因为谓语动词是单数形式,所以Both和Some都不对。Every 不能作主语,所以只有Each合适。
【易错知识点解析】
不明确指代某个特定名词的代词叫作不定代词。根据所表达的意义,不定代词可以分为两大类,即肯定性不定代词和否定性不定代词。肯定性不定代词有:both,all,many,much,one,other,each,another,a few,a little,either,some(someone,somebody,something),any(anyone,anybody,anything),every(everyone,everybody,everything)。否定性不定代词有:no,neither,none,nobody,nothing.
【中考演练】
I.单项选择。
1. The man over there is my brother . is a doctor .
A .She B .He C .Hers D .His
2. — does your father do —He is a worker .
A .Which B .Who C .What D .How
3. I have two cats .One is black ,and is white .
A .another B .some C .other D.the other
4. The twins corrected the mistakes on the test papers .
A .them B .themselves C .him D .himself
5. She always thinks of more than herself .
A .other B .others C .the other D .the others
II. 词形转换
A)根据句意和首字母,完成下列句子。
1. Here are two dictionaries. You can only take e of them.
2.-Who taught your brother to surf the Internet -Nobody. He learnt all by h_______.
3. The exercise is too difficult. N can do it.
4. This shirt is a little shorter. Please show me a one.
5. Help y to some fish, Lucy and Lily.
B) 用所给单词的适当形式填空。
6. Li Lei and Lin Tao are working much harder than before to improve (they).
7. One of (she) friends will go to America for further study.
8. -This is my dictionary. Where is (you)
-It’s over there, on the desk.
9. Can you tell me (who) book this is
10. Some are dancing. (other) are singing.
III.句型转换。
1. Jim doesn’t like playing the piano, and Jack doesn’t, either.(变为同义句)
Jim Jack likes playing the piano.
2. There is some milk in the glass. (改为否定句)
There milk in the glass.
3. The girl in the hat is my sister (就划线部分提问)
is your sister
4. Both of the twins are good at English. (改为否定句)
of the twins good at English.
5. I’m reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates. (合并为一句)
I’m reading a book about Bill Gates.
IV.根据所给中文意思完成句子,每空一词。
1. 我们家人口很多。 ______ family is big.
2. 汤姆,好好保重自己。 Take good care of ______, Tom.
3. 我们从小就认识。 We have known ______ since we were children.
4. 她对他的话感到不快。 She is not happy at ______ he said.
5. 我们将再谈一次。 We’ll have ______ talk about it.
6 .她的父母都是教师。Her parents teachers .
7 .任何东西都不能在月球上生存。 can live on the moon .
8 .他们每个人都有一个幸福的家庭。 of them a happy family .
9.街道两边都有树和花。There are trees and flowers on of the street .
10 .老王昨天没有去看电影,我也没去。
Lao Wang didn’t go to see the film yesterday. I .
V. 用所给代词的适当形式完成短文。
I he her many it
One day, Mary went to the airport to see her friend off. Her friend’s name is Jack.
There were so 1 people in the airport, so 2 was hard to find Jack among the people.
Suddenly, Mary saw Jack and 3 felt very happy and shouted, “ Hi, Jack. Hi, Jack .Here, Here!”
At the same time, Jack waved his arms. “I’m here!!” Within 3 minutes, so many policemen came to the front of Jack and caught 4 . “Please come with 5 to the police office ( http: / / www.eduquan.com / wenzhai / 333 / 1256 / ).”
The word “Hijack” in English has different meaning, you can find in the dictionary.
第二章 代词
I.1-5BCDBB
II. 1. either 2. himself 3. Nobody 4. another 5. yourselves
6. themselves 7. her 8. yours 9.whose 10. Others
III. 1. Neither, nor 2. isn’t any 3. Which girl 4. Neither, is 5. that/ which, is
IV. 1. Our 2. yourself 3. each other 4. what 5. another
6 .are both 7 .Nothing 8 .Every one ,has 9 .both sides或each side 10 .Neither did
V. 1.many 2. it 3. she 4. him 5. me
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