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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第十四章 陈述句和感叹句
二、考点跟踪解读
1. 熟记句子的种类。
2. 掌握陈述句和感叹句的用途和句型特点。
3. 掌握肯定句变为否定句的方法。
4. 掌握由how和what引导的感叹句。
5.初步掌握虚拟语气的构成和用法。
三、要点精讲全解
（一）句子的分类：按使用目的，句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1. 陈述句（Declarative Sentences）：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。如：
Light travels faster than sound.　光比声传播速度快。（说明事实）　
The film is rather boring.　这部电影很乏味。（说明看法）
2. 疑问句（Interrogative Sentences）：提出问题。有以下四种：　
（1） 一般疑问句（General Questions）： 　　　
Can you finish the work in time 你能按时完成工作吗？　
（2） 特殊疑问句（Wh-Questions）：　　　
Where do you live 　你住那儿？　
（3） 选择疑问句（Alternative Questions）：　　　
Do you want tea or coffee 你是要茶还是咖啡？　
（4） 反意疑问句（Tag-Questions）：　　　
He doesn’t know her, does he 他不认识她，对不对？　
3. 祈使句（Imperative Sentences）：提出请求，建议或发出命令。如：　　
Don’t be nervous!　别紧张！
4. 感叹句（Exclamatory Sentences）：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪。如：　　
What good news it is!　多好的消息啊！
（二）陈述句
陈述句又分为肯定的陈述句和否定的陈述句，简称为肯定句和否定句。如：
Mr. Walker is an Englishman. 华克先生是英国人。
He is not an American. 他不是美国人。
把肯定句变为否定句，要达到“四看”。
一、看是否有be动词，若有，在其后加not。二、看是否有情态动词，若有，在其后加not。三、看是否有助动词，若有，在其后加not。四、看见动词原形，请do帮忙；看见第三人称单数，请does帮忙；看见动词的过去时，请did帮忙。
1. 当陈述句的谓语动词由 be构成时，改为否定句，把not加在be后面。
They are doctors. →They aren’t doctors.
2. 当陈述句的谓语由“情态动词can（may，must等）＋其他动词”构成，变为否定时，在情态动词后加not。 如：
Linda can speak Chinese well.→Linda can not speak Chinese well.
3. 当陈述句的谓语有助动词will，have，had等，在其后加not。
They will go for a walk this afternoon. →They won’t go for a walk this afternoon.
She has had breakfast. → She hasn’t had breakfast..
4. 陈述句的谓语动词是行为动词，改为否定句时，要请助动词do（does，did）帮忙。
He studies English well. → He doesn’t study English well．
Her brother went to London in 2008.→Her brother didn’t go to London in 2008.
5. 祈使句的否定结构为：don’t十原形动词。
Look out of the window→Don’t look out of the window.
6. 当陈述句中含有something这个词时，把句子改为否定句有两种方法：
（1）在句中相应位置加not，再把something改成anything；
（2）直接把something改为nothing。
There is something wrong with the radio.
→There is not anything wrong with the radio.
→There is nothing wrong with the radio.
7. 当陈述句是一个主从复合句，主句主语是第一人称I/we, 谓语动词是think或believe等时，存在否定转移。即：形式上否定主句，实际上否定从句。
I think he will be back soon. →I don’t think he will be back soon.
8. 动词不定式的否定，是在动词不定式前加not，即（to）do sth. →not （to）do sth.如：
Mother told me to do my homework first. →Mother told me not to do my homework first.
You’d better go to school. →?You’d better not go to school.
I saw her work. →?I saw her not work.
9. 当must表示推测，当“一定、肯定”讲时，变否定句要把must改为can’t.
He must be in the room. → He can’t be in the room.
10. 特殊情况：
（1）肯定句中连词and，变为否定句时要将and改为 or。如：
The girl can sing and dance. → The girl cannot sing or dance.
（2）肯定句中 some，变为否定句时要将some改为any。如：
There are some boys in the room. → There are not any boys in the room.
（3）肯定句中 too （也），变为否定句时，要将too改为either,并放在句末。如：
Wang Ling is a teacher, too. → Wang Ling is not a teacher, either.
（4）肯定句中already，变为否定句时要将already改为yet ，并放在句末。如：
He has finished his work already. → He has not finished his work yet.
（5）肯定句中有 always，变为否定句时，要将 always 改为 never。如：
She always goes to school at seven → She never goes to school at seven.
（6）肯定句中有both，变为否定句时，要将both改为 neither。如：
Both of us know English. → Neither of us knows English.
（7）肯定句中both．．．and， 改为否定句时用neither．．．nor。
Both Emma and John have gone to Tokyo.→Neither Emma nor John has gone to Tokyo.
（8）肯定句中有 all，变为否定句时，要将all 改为 none。如：
All of these books are yours. → None of these books are ( is ) yours.
（9）肯定句中有 everybody，变为否定句时，要将everybody 改为 nobody。如：
Everybody has read the book. → Nobody has read the book.
（10）肯定句中有 everything，变为否定句时，要将everything 改为 nothing。如：
Everything is difficult for us. → Nothing is difficult for us.
（三）感叹句
感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。常用"what"和"how"引导，并置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。
1.由"what"引导的感叹句：
"what"意为"多么" 修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是：
What+(a/an)+形容词adj.+名词n.+主语+谓语！如：
She is a lovely girl. → What a lovely girl she is! 多么可爱的姑娘呀！
It is an interesting story. → What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事呀！
They are good students. → What good students they are! 他们是多么好的学生呀！
They are beautiful flowers.→ What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花呀！
2. 由"how"引导的感叹句："how"意为"多么"，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词（be,feel,look,seem...）；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，这类句子的结构形式是：
How+形容词adj. /（副词adv.）+主语+谓语！如：
It is cold today. → How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀！
The pictures are nice. → How nice the pictures are! 多么漂亮的图画呀！
They look happy. → How happy they look! 他们显得多么高兴呀！
She sings well. → How well she sings! 她唱得多好呀！
3. 在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既可用"what"引导，也可用"how"引导。如：
What a sunny day it is!
How sunny the day is !
多么晴朗的天气呀！
4. 感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时，口语中常常采用省略句，其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。如：
It is a fine day. → What a fine day! 多么好的天呀！
He is an honest boy. → What an honest boy! 多么诚实的孩子呀！
They are red apples. → What red apples! 多么红的苹果呀！
It is cool. → How cool! 好凉快呀
5.如何把陈述句改为感叹句
把陈述句变为感叹句时，还可以根据这种方法：“一断、二加、三换位”。
“一断”，即在谓语后边断开，使句子分为两部分。如：
He is a good teacher.—He is∣a good teacher.
“二加”，即在第二部分前加上how(强调副词，形容词)或what(强调名词)。如：
He is(what) a good teacher．
“三换位”，即把第一部分和第二部分互换位置，句号换感叹号。如：
What a good teacher he is!
（四）虚拟语气
1. 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，表示所说的话不是一个事实，而只是一种假设，愿望，建议，怀疑，猜测或不大可能实现的空想。
2. 在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类，真实条件句和非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
（1） 真实条件句
真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是“如果”的意思。其主从句的时态关系遵循“主将从现”。
条件从句 主句
一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形
If he comes, he will bring his violin. 如果他来，将带来小提琴。
The volleyball match will be put off if it rains.如果天下雨，排球比赛将推迟。
　（2）非真实条件句
可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。
●与现在事实相反
条件状语从句 主句
一般过去时（be用were） would/would ＋动词原形
如：If they were here, they would help you. 如果他们在这里，他们会帮助你的。
●与过去事实相反
条件从句 主句
过去完成时　 should(would) have+ 过去分词
如：If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.
要是我早点动身，就赶上火车了。
●与将来事实相反
条件从句 主句
一般过去时/were+不定式/　should+ 动词原形 should（would）+ 动词原形
　 如：If you succeeded, everything would be all right. 如果你成功了，一切都好办了。
四、思维误区警示
（一）否定句
【例题解析】
1.（乌鲁木齐）His mother has already called the police for help.
His mother ______ called the police for help ______.
2. (西宁)The old man hurt his leg last Wednesday.
　　The old man ______ ______ his leg last Wednesday.
3.（新疆）Both Joy and Sam like singing Beijing Opera.
______ Joy ______ Sam likes singing Beijing Opera.
4.（兰州）The twin needs bananas.
The twin ______ need_____bananas.
5.（茂名）Mike did his homework yesterday.
Ｍike _____ _______his homework yesterday.
答案：1.hasn’t, yet 2. didn’t hurt 3. Neither, nor 4. doesn’t, any 5. didn’t do
【易错知识点解析】
把肯定句改为否定句，要达到四看，特殊形式要记住。特别分清do, does, did以及have, has, had的词性。它们用作行为动词时，变为否定时，同样请do, does或did帮忙。
　　（二） 感叹句
【例题解析】
1.（兰州）Your living-room is very bright.
________ _________your living-room is!
2.（连云港）How useful the dictionary is!
_______ _______useful dictionary it is!
3.（乐山）What delicious cakes!
______delicious the cakes_________!
答案：1. How bright 2. What a 3. How, are
【易错知识点解析】
how后面接形容词或副词，而后接一个名词词组，（a/an）＋adj.+n.。这是用how还是what 的主要区别。熟记感叹句的两种类型，记住把陈述句改为感叹句的方法，是解决此类问题的关键。
（三）虚拟语气
【例题解析】
1.（河南）—Come and join, Jimmy!
－I’m sorry, but I’m really busy now. It I ____time, I would certainly go.
A. will have B. have had C. had D. have
答案： C。本句考查的是虚拟语气。if从句用一般过去时，主句用过去将来时。
2.（兰州）如果我是你的话，我会向你的朋友谈谈吸烟的危害。
If I ______you, I’d tell your friends about the danger of ______.
答案：were, danger.本句考查时虚拟语气。在虚拟语气中，当if从句的主语是I 时，be动词应该用were.
【易错知识点解析】
在中考中虚拟语气考点主要集中在if引导的条件句中用一般过去时，而主句用过去将来时。要判断假设的真实性，而且当主语I时，be动词用were。
【中考演练】
一、将下列句子改为否定句
1. We do morning exercises every day.
We_______ _______ morning exercises every day.
2. All of us can swim.
_______ _______ _______ can swim.
3.Both Joan and I are in Class One．
_______ Joan _______ I _______ in Class One.
4. There is something wrong with my bike.
There _______ _______ wrong with my bike.
5. You may stay here before I come back.
You _______ _______ here before I come back.
6. Read the text after me.
_______ _______ the text after me．
7. Li Lei needs some help with his English.
Li Lei _______ _______ _______ help with his English.
8. He said he would go to Beijing the next week.
He _______ _______ _______ _______ go to Beijing the next week.
9. The bike has already been mended.
The bike _______ _______ mended _______.
10. I think it is going to rain tomorrow.
I _______ _______ _______ _______ going to rain tomorrow．
二、将下面句子改为感叹句。
1. Lucy is a clever girl.
_____ _____ clever girl Lucy is!
2. This drawing is very beautiful.
_____ _____ this drawing is!
3. It is sunny today.
_____ _____ sunny day it is today!
4. Lisa played the piano very well.
________ ________Lisa played the piano!
5. The fried fish tastes very delicious.
________ ________ the fried fish tastes！
6. New York is very beautiful.
________ ________ New York is！
7. The book is very useful.
________ ________ ________ book it is！
8. That’s an interesting film.
________ ________ interesting film that is！
9. The babies are playing happily.
________ ________ the babies are playing！
10. The information is very important.
________ important information!
III.根据提供的图画和提示词，写一个符合图意的完整，正确的句子。
have, yesterday favorite, subject go shopping, once a week
dangerous, climb can, repair
第十四章
I. 1. Don’t do 2. None of us 3. Neither；nor；am 4. is nothing 5. Mustn’t stay 6. Don’t read
7. doesn’t need any 8.Didn’t say he would 9. hasn’t been；yet 10. Don’t think it is
II. 1.What a 2. How beautiful 3.What a 4. How well 5. How delicious
6. How beautiful 7. What a useful 8.What an 9.How happily 10. What
III．1. I(She,The woman…) had(got) a headache yesterday.
2. Mike’s(My,His…) favorite subject is English./ English is Mike’s( my,his…) favorite subject.
3. Li Ping(My mother,Her sister…) goes shopping once a week.
4. It’s dangerous to climb trees /the tree./ Climbing trees/ the tree is dangerous.
5. He(The boy,My brother…) can repair the bike.

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