资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第十五章 疑问句和祈使句
二、考点跟踪解读
1.掌握疑问句的四种类型的结构及其回答。
2.掌握祈使句的两种类型及其结构。
3.掌握把肯定句变为疑问句的方法。
三、要点精讲全解
（一）疑问句
疑问句有四种形式：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
1. 一般疑问句
用yes或no回答的疑问句是一般疑问句。把肯定句变为一般疑问句的方法，和变否定句的方法类似，也是要做到“四看”。
（1）看是否有be动词，有将其提前。如：
She is my mother. →Is she your mother
They were late for school yesterday.→Were they late for school yesterday
（2）看是否有情态动词can, may, must等，有将其提前。
I must stay at home this afternoon. →Must I stay at home this afternoon
She can speak English. →Can she speak English
（3）看是否有助动词，有将其提前。
I’ll go to the History Museum this afternoon.
→Will you go to the History Museum this afternoon
（4）看见动词原形，请do帮忙；看见第三人称单数，请does帮忙；看见过去式，请did帮忙。如：We speak Chinese. →Do you speak Chinese
Tom comes form Australia. → Does Tom come from Australia
I visited Beijing last month. → Did you visit Beijing last month
注意事项：
（1） 谓语动词是have / has/ had, 则须考虑have / has的意义。如果have / has是“有”的意义时，变为疑问句 ( http: / / www. / Article / ques / Index.html )时，既可在句首加Do的适当形式，也可将have / has,提到句首。如：
He has a beautiful pen. →Has he a beautiful pen / Does he have a beautiful pen
但若have / has,的意思不是“有”时，变为疑问句时，要请do/does/ did 帮忙。如：
I have lunch at home. →Do you have lunch at home
We had a meeting last night. →Did you have a meeting last night
（2） 原陈述句中有情态动词 ( http: / / www. / Article / ques / Index.html )used to时，它的一般疑问句，可将used移到句首；也可在句首加Did 。如：
I used to go swimming in the river. →Did you use to go swimming in the river / Used you to go swimming in the river
（3）肯定句变为否定句词的变化： some→any, already→yet
There are some books on the desk. →Are there any books on the desk
She has already finished the work. →Has she finished the work
（3）一般疑问句的回答要注意：
●用yes或no回答；主语要用人称代词代词，人称遵循“一、二互变，三不变”（主语是第一人称的，用第二人称回答；主语是第二人称时，用第一人称回答；第三人称的不变）；用什么回答，一般用什么结尾。如：
－Do you like English －Yes, I do./ No, I don’t.
－Can Tom swim －Yes, he can. /No, he can’t.
●当回答could, would所提的问题时，一般用can, will. 如：
—Could you help me with my homework this evening —Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
—Would you go there right now —Yes, I will. / No, I won’t.
在对方向你表示邀请时，可用OK, sorry等来替代Yes，No.
●在对用may所提问题的否定回答时，一般用mustn’t / can’t；而在对用 must所提的问题进行否定回答时，一般用needn’t / don’t have to. 如：
—May I use your bike now —Yes, you may. / No, you can’t. (mustn’t)
—Must I stay at school this afternoon —Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t (don’t have to).
2. 特殊疑问句
用疑问词引导的疑问句是特殊疑问句。在回答时不用yes或no,而是直接进行回答。
陈述句变为特殊疑问句首先选准疑问词，然后改为疑问句语序，最后抄写剩余部分。要特别注意一下三点：
（1）注意语序关
●特殊疑问句的构成是：疑问词＋一般疑问句
She lives in Beijing. →Where does she live
Tom has been in China for three years. → How long has Tom been in China
●对句子的主语或对主语的定语提问，后接陈述语序。如：
She teaches us English. →Who teaches you English
Mike’s book is on the desk. →Whose book is on the desk
●对定语提问，被修饰词对应提前。
There are fifty women teachers in our school.
→ How many women teachers are there in your school
I’m looking for my watch. →Whose watch are you looking for
（2）注意疑问词关
●疑问代词：可以对主语、表语、宾语提问，有what（对物提问），who（对人提问），which（哪一个），whose（谁的），whom（谁， 宾格）。
These are apples. → What are these
Li Lei is a doctor. →Who is a doctor？
This is my English book. → Whose English book is this
●疑问副词：when（何时），where（哪里），why（为什么），how（怎么样）等。
She was late for class because she was ill. →Why was she late for class
I often go to school by bike. →How do you often go to school
●疑问词组：what color（什么颜色），what day（对星期提问），what time（几点），how many（多少，修饰可数名词），how much（多少，修饰不可数名词）， how far（多远），how long（多久），how often（多久一次）， how soon（多久以后）等。
I watch TV twice a week. → How often do you watch TV
He will be back in two hours. →How soon will he be back
He has stayed here for ten years. → How long has he stayed here
（3）注意回答关
对特殊疑问句进行回答往往不可用yes或no，而应根据它所询问的内容直接作出回答。在回答时要注意：问句中的名词常用人称代词代替，而且要遵循问答一致。什么时态问，用什么时态答；什么句式问，用什么句式答；问什么内容，就回答什么内容。如：
―How long has Tom had the bike ―He has had it for three years.
3. 选择疑问句
指提问者提供两种或两种以上情况,让对方从中作出选择的疑问句叫选择疑问句。选择疑问句中的两种或两种以上的情况用or连接，回答时，不用yes或no回答，而是选择其中一种回答。它的结构有两种。
（1）一般疑问句式：一般疑问句＋or＋一般疑问句（后一部分与前一部分相同的成分常常省略）。如：
－Would you like chicken or beef 你想要鸡肉还是牛肉？
－I’d like beef. 我想要牛肉。
（2）特殊疑问句式：特殊疑问句，A or B？
－Which subject do you like best, English, math or Chinese
你最喜欢那门功课，英语，数学还是语文？
－I like English best.我最喜欢英语。
4.反意疑问句
反意疑问句是提出情况和看法来问对方是否同意的疑问句。
它由两部分构成：前一部分是陈述句，后一部分是简短的疑问句。简短疑问句有两个词。一是be动词、情态动词或助动词，考虑是否和not缩写的问题；二是主语，考虑用人称代词代替的问题。
如果前一部分用肯定句，后一部分就用否定疑问句；如果前一部分用否定句，后一部分就用肯定疑问句。
前后两部分要求在时态、人称和数上保持一致。
在回答时，要用yes或no，遵循： Yes，＋肯定事实； No，＋否定事实。
反意疑问句的重点是简短疑问句的主谓确定问题：
（1）反意疑问句的陈述部分带有no, little, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定意义的词时，问句部分用肯定式。如： She never tells a lie, does she 她从来不撒谎，对不对？
（2）反意疑问句的陈述部分为I am……时，问句部分习惯上用aren’t I？表示。如：
　　I am a very honest man, aren’t I 我是很诚实的人，对不对？
（3）陈述部分的主语为不定代词指物，如something, anything, nothing, everything时，问句部分的主语用it。指人的不定代词，如somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody时，问句部分的主语用he或 they，这时问句动词的数应和he或 they一致。如：
Something is wrong with the computer, isn’t it 微机出了问题，是不是？
Everyone has done their best in the game, haven’t they 大家在比赛中都尽力了，对不对？
（4）陈述部分如果是指示代词this, that, these, those，问句部分要用人称代词代替。如：
These are your books, aren’t they 这些是你的书，对不对？
（5）陈述部分为There be结构时，问句部分用there结尾。如：
There are two cakes on the plate, aren’t there 在盘子里有两块蛋糕，是不是？
（6）陈述部分是祈使句，问句部分一般用will you；但当陈述部分是Let’s时，问句部分用shall we。如：
Please open the window, will you 请打开窗子，好吗？
Let’s go home together, shall we 让我们一起回家，好吗？
（7）反意疑问句的陈述部分主语是第一人称，谓语动词为think（believe, suppose, consider）时，问句部分和从句一致；否则问句应和主句一致。
I think that he has done his best, hasn’t he 我想他尽力了，对不对？
They all think that English is very important, don’t they 他们都认为英语很重要，对不对？
（8）陈述部分用had better +原形动词表示建议时，问句部分用hadn’t +主语。
　　You’d better tell him about the matter, hadn’t you 你最好告诉他这事，好不好？
（9）陈述部分用used to +主语时，问句部分用didn’t + 主语？或usedn’t +主语？形式。
They used to be good friends, didn’t they /usedn’t they 他们过去是好朋友，是吗？
（10）陈述部分用must表示推测时，问句部分应和must后面的词一致。如：
He must be at home, isn’t he 他一定在家，是不是？
（二）祈使句
1. 祈使句的用法：
祈使句是以动词原形开头的句子，用来表达命令、请求或劝告等。读时用降调，句末用句号或感叹号！
2. 祈使句的类型：
（1）含有第二人称you作主语的祈使句：you常省略，所以，这种祈使句又被叫做“无主句”。其否定形式为在动词原形前加don’t，但若句首有please，don’t就要放在其后，或把please放句末，前用“，”。如：
Please open the door.请开门。
Please don’t open the door.＝Don’t open the door, please. 请不要开门。
（2）let引导的祈使句：如：
Let me have a rest. 让我休息一下。
Let him sit down. 让他坐下。
当宾语是第一人称复数时，有两个句式：
●Let’s＋动词原形，“让我们”（，包括听话者）。
●Let us+动词原形，“让我们”（不包括听话者）。如：
Let’s go to school, Tom. 汤姆，让我们去上学吧。
Let us go to school, daddy. 爸爸，让我们去上学吧。
3.祈使句的回答
祈使句表示一种将来概念，因此，回答时须用将来时。当然，用肯定还是用否定，得根据语境来确定。如：
—Please work hard at English. —I will.
—Don’t be late for school. —I won’t.
4. 祈使句与if条件状语从句的转换。
（1）祈使句＋and＋简单句→If you…，you will …如：
Work hard, nd you’ll pass the exam→If you work hard, you’ll pass the exam.
（2）祈使句＋or＋简单句→If you don’t…，you’ll…如：
Hurry up, or you’ll be late for school.＝If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late for school.
四、思维误区警示
【例题解析】
(一)一般疑问句
1. (黑龙江) I can skate well.
　　 __________ __________skate well
2. (济南)Kate does morning exercises every day.
　　 __________ Kate__________ morning exercises every day
答案：1. Can you 2. Does, do
【易错知识点解析】
将肯定句变为一般疑问句，关键是分清谓语动词是什么，采用提前或添加的方式进行，特别注意do，have，need是考查的热点，要分清它们的词性，然后去做。
（二）特殊疑问句
【例题解析】
1. (成都)He has worked in this school for five years.
　　__________ __________ has he worked in this school
2. (广州) John went to see his grandmother once a week.
　 __________ __________ __________ John go to see his grandmother
答案：1. How long 2. How often did
【易错知识点解析】
把陈述句改为特殊疑问句，分三步进行。首先选择恰当的疑问词，然后把句子变为一般疑问句，最后从前往后抄，提前的和划线的就不要再抄了。
（三）选择疑问句
【例题解析】
1. (新疆) John is an American. (用a Canadian改为选择疑问句)
　　__________ John an American __________ a Canadian
2. (青海) These are cars. (用buses改写成选择疑问句)
　　 Are these cars______ ______
答案：1. Is, or 2. or buses
【易错知识点解析】
选择疑问句的基础是一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，但是选择项都用or连接，而不用and。
（四）反意疑问句
【例题解析】
1. (广东)There is little milk in the bottle, ______
　A. isn’t there　B. is there　　C. isn’t it　　D. is it
答案：B。陈述部分是there be结构，附加疑问句用be (not) + there的形式。含有little, few, hardly, never, seldom, nothing等否定意义词的陈述句，是否定句。本题中出现了little，故附加疑问句中的谓语动词应为肯定形式。
2. I (重庆) don’t think he’ll come here on time, ____
　A. won’t he　B. will he　　C. does he　　D. is he
　答案：B。陈述部分中如果含有宾语从句，问句的谓语动词应与陈述部分的主句的谓语动词在人称、数和时态上保持一致。如果主句含有I think等时，附加疑问句的谓语动词应与其宾语从句的谓语动词在人称、时态和数上保持一致。
【易错知识点解析】
反意疑问句是由：陈述句＋简短的疑问句构成的，前后两句在时态，人称和数上一致是考查的重点。
（五）祈使句
【例题解析】
1. （辽宁省） Don’ t forget to return the library book, ________？
A. will you B. can you C. do you D. are you
答案： A。祈使句除Let’s＋动词原形外，变为反意疑问句一般加will you
2. （上海市） Put on your coat, or you’ll catch a cold.（改写句子，保持其原意不变）
________ you ________ put on your coat, you’ll catch a cold．
答案：If, don’t. “祈使句＋or＋简单句”可以转换为含有if not从句的复合句。
　　【易错知识点解析】
掌握祈使句需要注意五个方面：1.祈使句谓语用动词原形；2.肯定祈使句变成否定句的方法；3.与please连用以使语气委婉； 4.以let开头的祈使句；5.祈使句的反意疑问句形式。
【中考演练】
I.选择填空。
1. —There is enough food for the birds, isn’t _______
—No, we need get some.
A. it B. there C. that D. this
2. －Few well-known singers came to the concert, did they？
－_______. Such as Andy Lau, Jay Chou and Kristy Zhang.
A. No, they didn’t B. Yes, they did C. No, they did D. Yes, they didn’t
3. －____________do you go hiking
－Once a week.
A. How many times B. How often C. How long D. How soon
4.－_____are you going this summer
－To Beijing.
A. When B. Where C. How D. Why
5. －Must I hand in my exercise-book now
－No, you ________.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. won’t
6. ______ you ______ your homework every day
A. Do, do B. Do, / C. /, do D. Does, do
7. Which will you buy, this one ______ that one
A. and B. so C. or D. but
8. ______ told you the news
A. What B. Who C. When D. Where
9. －______ do you get up every day －At six.
A. How B. What C. When D. Which
10. I think that the film is worth seeing, _______
A. is it B. isn’t it C. does it D. doesn’t it
II. 将下面句子改为一般疑问句。
1. The exam begins at nine.
__________ the exam__________ at nine
2. Ann returned the book to the library yesterday.
__________ Ann__________ the book to the library yesterday
3. There’s something to eat in the cupboard.
__________ there__________ to eat in the cupboard
4. We can see some birds.　　
______ you see ______ birds
5. She has already finished his homework.
_______she finished his homework_______
III.对划线部分提问。
1. Mrs. Read didn’t sleep well last night because the wind made too much noise.
　 _________ _________ Mrs. Read sleep well last night
2. He was playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon.
　________ ________ he_______ at four yesterday afternoon
3. I was born in 1994.
　_________ _________ you born
4. I have two books in my bag.
__________ __________ you have in your bag
5. She watches TV every night.
_____ ______ does she watch TV
IV. 将下面句子给为反意疑问句。
1. There was no time for the twins to go shopping, __________ __________
2. She had nothing for breakfast, __________ __________
3. You will meet your friends at the railway station, __________ __________
4. She has hardly had anything this morning, __________ __________
5. Your sister didn’t go to school this morning, _________ __________
V．根据汉语，完成下面句子。
1.不要忘了归还图书，好吗？
to return the library book, will you？
2.让我们回家，好吗？
Let us go home,_____ _______？
3.让我们去游泳，好吗？
swimming, shall we
4.快点，否则迟到了。
________ quick, you will be late.
5.穿上袄，你就会暖和鞋。
your coat, you’ll get warmer.
第十五章
I. 1－5BBBBA 6－10ACBCB
II. 1. Does, begin 2. Did, return 3. Is, anything 4. Can, any 5. Has, yet
III. 1. Why didn’t 2. What was, doing 3. When were 4. What do 5. How often
IV. 1. was there 2. did she 3. won’t you 4. hasn’t she 5. did she
V. 1. Don’t forget 2.will you 3. Let’s go 4. Be, or 5. Put on, and
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)

展开更多......

收起↑