资源简介

(共103张PPT)
主题引领·语法融通
　　Thanks to 1. （advance） in technology，nowadays， people from a far distance can be fortunate to turn up on the screen of our phones and update us on their lives through social media．It has been proved that 2. we communicate with others and maintain friendships has changed 3. （significant）．Even when 4. （travel） around in different locations， we can still acquire information from friends．When an idea we want to share 5. （strike） us，we can deliver 6. message only by a click．Besides，the digital age
advances
how
significantly
travelling
strikes
a
also enables us 7. （find） those who share our interests．
However，smiling photos might hide real personalities， because people prefer to post only good things．While scanning these photos，some may find comfort and passion from those 8. （inspire） stories or pictures，while some may end up bitterly ashamed of their plain life．Furthermore， “likes” and comments can make people anxious 9. their popularity．As for teenagers， they tend to lose track of time online even when they have to study．
　　Anyway，10. is not reasonable to throw the baby out with the bathwater． We ought to make use of technology to make friends wisely．
to find
inspiring
about
it
单元知识 必备清单
Ⅰ．阅读单词——我会认
1. site n． 网站
2. bathwater n． 浴水，洗澡水
3. goods n． 商品
4. diagram n． 图解，示意图
5. pot n． 锅
6. gram n． 克
7. pack n． 小盒，小包
8. slice n． 片，薄片
v．　　 切成薄片
9. scar n． 伤疤
10. dine v． 进餐
11. chum n． 好朋友
12. chap n． 小伙子，家伙
13. destiny n． 命运，天命
14. proposition n． 事业，生意
15. hustle v． 拼命干，努力干
16. staunch adj． 坚定的，忠实可靠的
17. excerpt n． 摘录，节录
18. cigar n． 雪茄烟
Ⅱ．多义单词——我会辨
1. maintain v．　　保持，维持；维修；保养
2. quality n．　　质量；素质，品德
3. plain adj．　　简单的；朴素的；素色的
n． 平原
4. scene n．　　风景；景色；布景；场景；景象
5. atmosphere n．　　气氛，氛围，环境；大气
Ⅲ．核心单词——我会写
1. forever adv． 永远（=for good）
2. familiar adj． 熟悉的
3. click v． 点击（鼠标）
n． 咔哒声；单击
4. social media 社交媒体
5. update n． 最新消息
v． 更新
6. saying n． 格言，谚语，警句
7. acquire v． 获得，得到
8. teenager n． 青少年，十几岁的孩子（13到19岁之间的孩子）
9. pour v． 灌，注，倒
10. postpone v． 使（事件、行动等）延期，推迟
11. ordinary adj． 普通的，平常的
12. drag v． 拖，拉
Ⅳ．拓展词汇——我会拓
1. prefer v．（preferred；preferred；preferring）更喜欢→preference n．偏爱；优先权
2. deliver v．递送，传送；发表；接生 →delivery n．传递，递送；分 娩；演讲风格
3. tend v．易于做某事，往往会发生某事；照料，护理 →tendency n．趋势；趋向
4. criminal n．罪犯 adj．犯罪的→crime n．犯罪
5. prove v．证明，证实link－v．证明是，被发现是→proof n．证据
6. bitterly adv．痛苦地，愤恨地→bitter adj．苦的；愤愤不平的；（天 气）严寒的 →bitterness n．愤恨；苦味
7. surroundings n．周围的事物，环境→surround vt．包围；围绕 →surrounding adj．周围的；附近的
8. illustrate v．（举例）说明，阐明；画插图→illustration n．说明； 例证；图解
9. inspiring adj．鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的→inspire vt．鼓舞，激励； 激发灵感→inspiration n．灵感，启发；激励，鼓舞
10. strike v．划（火柴）；击，打；袭击；打动，感动；罢工；突然 想到 ；（灾难、疾病等）侵袭； （钟）敲n．罢工→striking adj．显 著的；突出的；引人注目的
11. advance n．进步，进展；预付款 vi．前进；进步 vt．提出；促 进，推动；预支（钱） adj．提前的，预先的→advanced adj．先进 的；高级的；晚期的
12. appointed adj．约定的，指定的→appoint v．约定；任命 →appointment n．约会；任命
13. ashamed adj．感到不好意思的，难为情的→shame n．羞愧；憾事 →shameful adj．可耻的，丢脸的→shameless adj．不知羞耻的
14. location n．地点，位置→locate v．确定……的位置→located adj．坐落在
15. significantly adv．重大地，显著地→significant adj．重大的，显著 的→insignificant adj．不重要的→significance n．意义；重要性
16. patience n．耐心→patient adj．耐心的 n．病人→impatient adj．不耐烦的；没有耐心的→impatience n．不耐烦→patiently adv．耐心地→impatiently adv．没有耐心地
17. unusual adj．异常的，不平常的→usual adj．寻常的→usually adv．通常地
fort n．安慰，慰藉vt．安慰→discomfort n．不适 vt．使不安 →comfortable adj．舒适的→uncomfortable adj．不舒服的 →comfortably adv．舒适地；自在地
19. unfold v．（卷着的东西）展开，打开→fold v．折叠；合拢
20. digital adj．数字的，数码的→digitally adv．数码地；数字显示地 →digitise/－ize vt．使数字化
21. enable v．使可能，使发生→able adj．能干的；有能力的→ability n．能力→unable adj．不能的
22. generosity n．慷慨，大方→generous adj．慷慨的，大方的 →generously adv．慷慨地，大方地
23. adventure n．历险（经历），奇遇→adventurous adj．爱冒险的； 大胆的；充满危险的
24. humour n．幽默感→humorous adj．幽默的
25. anxious adj．焦虑的，不安的；渴望的→anxiously adv．焦虑地 →anxiety n．焦虑，不安；渴望
26. passion n．强烈的情感，激情→passionate adj．热诚的
27. correspond v．通信；符合；相一致→correspondence n．通 信；信件
28. partner n．伙伴，搭档 vt．结成伙伴，做搭档，配对→partnership n．伙伴关系；合作
29. fortune n．运气；大笔的钱，巨款 →misfortune n．不幸 →fortunate adj．幸运的→fortunately adv．幸运地→ unfortunate adj．不幸的
30. distance v．使与……保持距离，撇清和……的关系 n．距离 →distant adj．遥远的；疏远的；心不在焉的；远亲的
31. personality n．个性，性格→personal adj．个人的，私人的 →personally adv．亲自；就本人而言→personalize/－ise vt．针对个 人；个人化→person n．人；个人
Ⅴ．重点短语——我会记
1. lose track of 不了解……的情况，不了解……的动态
2. thanks to 归功于……，多亏；幸亏
　　 （同义：due to）
3. long for 　　 渴望
4. throw the baby out with the bathwater
　　 不分良莠一起抛弃
5. make one’s fortune 发财
6. ought to 应该，应当
7. turn up （意外地或终于）出现，露面；调高；
竖起；被发现
8. stay in touch with 与……保持联系
9. be up to 胜任；取决于；忙于
　　 （同义：be capable of）
10. keep ．．．in mind 将……记住
11. work out 解决；找……的答案；锻炼
Ⅵ．单元佳句——我会用
1. What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered？（What if ．．．？要是……会怎 么样/怎么办？）
要是获知远方朋友消息的唯一方式是写信，而信件会花很长时间邮 寄，那会怎么样呢？
2. Whatever our hobbies，the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them，even if they live on the other side of the world． （whatever引导让步状语从句）
不管我们的爱好是什么，我们都能在网上结识同样爱好的人，哪怕他 们生活在世界的另一端。
3. But we need to keep in mind that what we see on social media is often not the whole truth about a person． （what引导主语从句）
但是我们要牢记：我们在社交媒体上看到的信息往往不是一个人的全 部真实情况。
4. This makes it clear to the other person that you are giving them a choice．（make＋it＋形容词/名词＋that从句）
这让其他人明白你给了他们一个选择。
5. We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made， whatever they were going to be． （have＋宾语＋宾补）
我们认为，不管要做什么，二十年的时间足够自己找到出路、挣 到钱。
高考高分 提升密码
Ⅰ．高考阅读疑难词汇——清障有法
构词法 形容词后缀－cial/－tial表示“……的性质、特征”
写出下列句中蓝体词的词性和词义
1. （新高考Ⅰ卷）The overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful．　
adj．有益的
2. （2024 新课标Ⅱ卷）A torch （手电筒） along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark．　

adj．必要的

3. （2023 1月浙江卷）During China’s dynastic period，emperors planned the city of Beijing and arranged the residential areas according to social classes．　
4. （2024 新课标Ⅰ卷）For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755.　
adj．住宅的
adj．有影响的
5. （浙江卷）We can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions．　
adj．面部的
Ⅱ.2025新增课标词汇——精准备考
1. bug n．程序漏洞；昆虫；着迷 vt．窃听；使烦恼
①computer bug 电脑漏洞
②have a bug for 对……着迷
③bed bug 臭虫
Sometimes they were also fooled by a kind of “visual bug” that makes us see numbers as being larger or smaller than they really are．
有时它们还会被一种“视觉错觉”所迷惑，这种错觉会让我们把数字 看成比实际更大或更小。
2. bully vt．恐吓；伤害；欺凌 n．仗势欺人者；欺凌者 adj．顶好的
①school bully 校园霸凌者
②anti－bully campaign 反霸凌运动
③face bullying 遭遇霸凌
When she was in middle school， she was bullied a lot． She felt lonely and helpless until she joined a sports club， where she made friends who supported her．
她上中学时经常遭受霸凌。在加入一个体育俱乐部并交到支持她的朋 友之前，她一直感到孤独无助。
3. butterfly n．蝴蝶
①butterfly effect 蝴蝶效应
②social butterfly 交际花；善于社交的人
③butterfly stroke 蝶泳
（2023 全国甲卷） The bees， butterflies and many other insects looked lovely and beautiful on the stamps．
蜜蜂、蝴蝶以及许多其他昆虫在邮票上看起来既可爱又漂亮。
核心知识 点面突破
prefer v．（preferred；preferred；preferring）更喜欢
练通 单句语法填空
①（2023 新课标Ⅰ卷）Therefore， I’d like to suggest that you might consider allowing students to pair up based on their own （prefer）and language level．
②Just as the survey shows，most students prefer （listen） to English songs and watch English movies，accounting for 65% and 5% respectively．
preference
to listen
写美 一句多译
③我们更愿意出去旅行，而不愿待在家里，因为它可以增加我们的知 识，拓宽我们的视野。
→We since it can increase our knowledge and broaden our horizons．
→We since it can increase our knowledge and broaden our horizons．
prefer going out for traveling to staying at home
prefer to go out for traveling rather than stay at home
佳句 David dragged his feet tiredly，muttering to himself bitterly，“I prefer giving up the cross－country run to being laughed at by other kids．/I prefer to give up the cross－country run rather than be laughed at by other kids．/I would rather give up the cross－country run than be laughed at by other kids．/I would give up the cross－country run rather than be laughed at by other kids．”大卫疲倦地拖着脚步，痛苦地喃 喃自语：“我宁愿放弃越野跑，也不愿被其他孩子嘲笑。”
anxious adj．焦虑的，不安的；渴望的
练通单句语法写作
①David was anxious （participate） in the cross－ country run，but he was afraid of being laughed at by others．
②I attempted to distribute food to the homeless people， but I was all thumbs．I frowned （anxious）．
to participate
anxiously
I’m so anxious about the coming exam that I can hardly fall asleep at
night．
Anxious about the coming exam， I can hardly fall asleep at
night．
（1）be anxious about ．．．　 为……担心/担忧
be anxious for sth　　渴望某事
be anxious to do sth　　急于做某事
be anxious for sb to do sth　　急于让某人做某事
be anxious that ．．． 　　担心……
（2）anxiety n．　　焦虑，忧虑，渴望
with anxiety　　焦虑地
（3）anxiously adv．　　焦急地，忧虑地，渴望地
佳句 I was waiting for the writing contest result anxiously/with anxiety as if I were sitting on pins and needles．　（2023 新课标Ⅰ卷）
我如坐针毡，焦急地等待着写作比赛的结果。
fortune n．大笔的钱，巨款；运气；命运
练通 单句语法填空
①（2023 新课标Ⅰ卷） （fortune）， it was him who taught me how to open the door to writing and taste the enjoyment of writing．
②Besides， we are fortunate （use） all kinds of resources to make learning more interesting．
Fortunately
to use
in the hope of
bringing good fortune
（1）make a fortune　发财
try/seek one’s fortune　　找出路；碰碰运气
have the good fortune to do sth　　有幸做某事
（2）fortunate adj．　　运气好的；幸运的
be fortunate to do sth/in doing sth　　有幸做某事
（3）fortunately adv．　　幸运地
unfortunate adj．　　不幸的
unfortunately adv．　　不幸地
佳句 He tried/sought his fortune in a big city two months ago， and unfortunately， he failed to make a fortune． 两个月前他到一个大城 市去碰运气，不幸的是他没能发财。
turn up （意外地或终于）出现，露面；卷起；开大（音量）
练通 单句语法填空
①Whenever I have difficulties in my English study， you are the one that I will turn first．
to
写美 微写作
②事实证明，帮助别人实现他们的梦想给我带来了更多的快乐。　 （主旨升华）
gave me more pleasure．
It turns out that helping others realize their dreams
turn down拒绝；调小（音量）
turn out　　结果是；生产；制造
turn to　　求助于；转向
turn in　　上交
turn on　　打开
turn off　　关掉
佳句 Suddenly a tall figure dressed in a dark coat turned up before him．　（外貌描写）
突然一个穿着黑色外套的高大身影出现在他面前。
句型公式：make＋it＋形容词/名词＋that从句
教材原句：This makes it clear to the other person that you are giving them a choice．
这让其他人明白你给了他们一个选择。
think/consider it important for us that we should learn about influential
historical figures/to learn about influential historical figures
②觉得抱怨是没有用的，伊娃站了起来，沿着走廊大步走，试图记住 陌生环境中的不同地点。
，Eva rose to her feet，strode along the hallway and attempted to remember different locations in the unfamiliar surroundings．（动词－ing短语作状语）
Feeling it no use complaining
句中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的that从句。类似的句型还有：
（1）make＋it＋形容词/名词＋that/to do ．．．
（2）make＋it＋no good/no use/no value ．．．＋doing sth
（3）常用于这种句型的动词还有think， consider， find， feel等。
佳句 To improve your writing， you’d better make it a rule that you keep a diary every day/to keep a diary every day． 　（建议信）
为了提高你的写作水平，你最好养成每天写日记的习惯。
高效迁移 微点练全
一词多义/熟词生义
1. deliver v．递送，传送；接生；发表（演说等）
①They rushed her to hospital where doctors delivered her baby．　
②As a student representative，I am greatly honored to deliver a speech here．　
③The express company will get all these goods delivered to the customers today．　
v．接生
v．发表（演说等）
v．递送，传送
2. strike n．罢工 v．（时钟等）敲响；打动；击打；划（火柴）
①I heard the clock striking eight when I woke up this morning．　
②It gave me a shock when an apple fell off the tree and struck me on the head．　
③The miners went on strike， demanding higher pay and better working conditions．　
④I was struck by his inspiring words，and I decided to cooperate with him．　
⑤Mary struck a match and held it to the crumpled newspaper in the fireplace．　
v．（时钟等）敲响
v．击打
n．罢工
v．打动
v．划（火柴）
n．名人
v．不断涌向
adj．明
显的
v．与……
疏远
单句语法填空/完成句子
1. Anyone who wants to take the （advance） literature course must sign up for it advance．
2. Parents are naturally anxious their children and they are anxious their health， study and so on．
3. Nowadays teenagers tend （chat） with their friends on social media．
4. 我们同意在这里见面，但到目前为止她还没有出现。
advanced
in
for
about
to chat
We agreed to meet here， but so far she yet．
hasn’t turned up
单句语法填空/语段填空
1. Currently I have no option but to postpone （buy） the advanced facilities due to a range of reasons．
2. When I learnt that he was not familiar the common sense， my jaw dropped．
3. I am ashamed （admit） that I have never read the series of Harry Potter．
buying
with
to admit
to
bridge
5. 我身边最受尊敬和爱戴的人是我的老师，李老师。她对我们很和 蔼，很有耐心。我们都很尊敬她，因为她总是很有耐心地对我们难以 理解的知识进行讲解。在生活中，每当我们遇到问题，她也总是耐心 地与我们交谈，帮助我们找到解决办法。　（人物介绍）
The most respected and beloved person around me is my teacher， Ms Li．She is kind and ．We all respect her because she always what we have difficulty in understanding．Whenever we have a problem in our lives， she always talks to us and helps us find a solution．
patient with us
has much patience to explain
with patience/patiently
　应用文增分练——守护珍贵友谊
　　你校即将开展一场英语演讲比赛。请你写一篇以“友谊”为主题 的演讲稿参加比赛，内容包括：
　　（1）友谊的重要性；
　　（2）你如何选择朋友及保持友谊。
第一步　根据单元知识写美句
1. 俗话说：“友谊就像阳光。它让我们保持温暖，帮助我们成长。” （saying， 非限制性定语从句，keep＋宾语＋宾补）
2. 一些学生为他们应该和什么样的人交朋友而担忧。（anxious， ought to）
As the saying goes， “Friendship is like sunshine． It keeps us warm and helps us grow．”
Some students are anxious about what kind of people they ought to make friends with．
3. 我更喜欢选择善良、诚实、有耐心和乐于助人的人作为我的朋友。 （prefer， 定语从句）
4. 每当我遇到麻烦时，我往往与他们分享我的想法和恐惧。（tend）
I prefer to choose people who are kind， honest， patient and helpful as my friends．
I tend to share my thoughts and fears with them whenever I get into trouble．
5. 由于社交媒体的便利性，我可以一直与朋友保持联系。（thanks to， social media， stay in touch with）
6. 只有这样我才能维持友谊。（maintain，倒装句）

Thanks to the convenience of social media， I can stay in touch with my friends all the time．
Only in this way am I able to maintain friendships．
第二步　连句成篇创佳作
　　把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右 的短文。
　　 　As the saying goes， “Friendship is like sunshine． It keeps us warm and helps us grow．”　
　　
　　 　However， some students are anxious about what kind of people they ought to make friends with． As for me， I prefer to choose people who are kind， honest， patient and helpful as my friends． More often than not， I tend to share my thoughts and fears with them whenever I get into trouble． Thanks to the convenience of social media， I can stay in touch with my friends all the time．　
Only in this way am I able to maintain friendships．
　读后续写微技能——与朋友共度美好时光
积累教材续写语料——有效强化教考衔接
佳 句 积 累 动作描写：1.He goes up to the man and finds he has a scar on his face．
2.Doubtfully， Bob unfolded the note．His hands were shaking by the time he had finished reading．
佳 句 积 累 情感描写：1.Stepping out of jail into the cold wind， Bob， now 58， felt lost and helpless．
2.“You’re Jimmy’s son？!” Bob shouted in surprise．
主旨升华：As Aristotle said， no one would choose to live without friends， even if he had all other goods．
拓展续写话题素材——精准构建表达基石
情感描写：喜悦与快乐（一）
靓 点 语 块 1.grin from ear to ear笑得合不拢嘴
2.be wild with joy/delight/happiness 欣喜若狂
3.dance/jump for/with joy 高兴得手舞足蹈/跳起来
4.delighted/pleased beyond description 高兴得无法形容
出 彩 表 达 1.The thought of the moments shared with my grandpa filled me with great joy．（无灵主语句）
一想到与爷爷共度的时光，我就充满喜悦。
2.Then came a voice far from where we were， bathing us in extreme joy．（倒装句； 动词－ing短语作状语）
那时，从远处传来一个声音，使我们沉浸在极大的欢乐中。
出 彩 表 达 3.A bright smile spread across her face． （无灵主语句）
她脸上洋溢着灿烂的笑容。
4.So overjoyed were we that we danced with joy， with a bright smile spreading across our faces．（倒装句； with复合结构）
我们高兴得手舞足蹈，脸上洋溢着灿烂的笑容。
重拳锤炼续写场景——积累内化应用提升
　　场景导入：与朋友们共度的上个周末令“我”感到无比快乐。 “我们”在公园野餐，还进行了一场有趣的足球比赛。夕阳西下之 时，“我们”决定举办一场烧烤派对， 一边烧烤，一边随着音乐唱歌 跳舞。
The thought of last weekend shared with my friends filled me
with great joy
（这让我们沉浸在极度的喜悦中；动词－ing短语作状语）．I was wild with joy at the sight of everyone’s enjoying the moment of get－together to their hearts’ content．With the sun beginning to set，
extreme joy
bathing us in
With a bright smile spreading
across our faces
So delighted were we that we
would never forget this experience
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A
　　（2026 湖南永州二模）From the age of 6， Samirah Horton was bullied by her classmates for the things that made her different — her size and her sharp voice． Rather than giving up， Horton decided to pick up a microphone and make sure other children knew they weren’t alone． “I didn’t want other kids to go through that experience，” says Horton， “especially at a very young age．” Now， alongside attending eighth grade classes， she’s also building an anti－bullying platform to reach students across the country．
　　For as long as Horton can remember， she’s felt a special connection with music． She remembers her mother always having the radio on， and her father teaching her how to deejay （主持音乐节目）． Music gives her unlimited power to do the duty． “It’s music that fuels my mission， allowing me to spread this important message，” she says． Now as the Kid DJ for her hometown team， you can hear anything from the hip－ hop classics to songs of her own， including the anti－bullying song “No You Won’t Bully Me”．
　　Her message has reached beyond the DJ set． At 8， Horton turned one of her songs into a 26－page picture book， which has reached thousands of people across America． In the book， she references the over 160，000 students who miss school daily for fear of being bullied．
　　Horton isn’t sure exactly what the future holds， but for now， she’s positive about leading her school’s student government． “I don’t know exactly what I’ll be doing， but I know I’ll be making a positive influence on the world，” she says． She’s already on her way， but her biggest achievement in her own eyes is persuading others not to doubt themselves along the way． “Don’t care what anybody tells you，” she says．
“You are never too young to make a change．”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了萨米拉 霍顿从小因 与众不同而遭受欺凌，后来通过音乐和反欺凌平台积极影响他人， 传递正能量的故事。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了萨米拉 霍顿从小因
与众不同而遭受欺凌，后来通过音乐和反欺凌平台积极影响他人，
传递正能量的故事。
1. What motivated Samirah Horton to build an anti－bullying platform？ （　　）
A． Her parents’ encouragement．
B． Her experience of being bullied．
C． Her school’s requirement．
D． Her interest in music．
解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段前两句可知，萨米拉 霍顿建立反 欺凌平台的动机是她自己被欺凌的经历，她不想让其他孩子也经历同 样的痛苦。
√
2. Why did Samirah Horton turn one of her songs into a picture book？ （　　）
A． To make money to help people in need．
B． To promote her favorite music．
C． To spread her anti－bullying message．
D． To show her talent in writing．
解析：　推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句可推知，萨米拉 霍顿 把她的其中一首歌改编成图画书是为了传播她的反欺凌信息，让更多 的人意识到欺凌问题的严重性。
√
3. How does Samirah Horton feel about her future？（　　）
A． Skeptical． B． Optimistic．
C． Worried． D． Indifferent．
解析：　推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句可推知，萨米拉 霍顿对 她的未来持乐观态度，她相信自己能够产生积极的影响。
√
4. What message does the author want to convey？（　　）
A． Bullying can be overcome through art．
B． Schools should prevent bullying．
C． Music is the key to personal success．
D． Young people can create social change．
√
解析：　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I don’t know exactly what I’ll be doing， but ．．． You are never too young to make a change．” 及全文内容可知，文章讲述了萨米拉 霍顿从被欺凌的经历中走出 来，通过音乐和建立反欺凌平台等方式，向人们传递反欺凌的信息， 并且她相信自己能够对世界产生积极影响。由此推知，作者想要传达 的信息是年轻人也可以创造社会变革。
B
　　（2026 浙江台州二模）Olivia and I became instant friends in a writing class many years ago． I made a joke about a poorly crafted story． While others just stared blankly， Olivia laughed． That moment marked the beginning of our bond． It’s an example of how friendship often forms unexpectedly．
　　Recent research reveals that the development of closeness is actually more complex． Sociologists and psychologists have identified delicate but profound factors that draw people together， and even determine what
defines a “best friend”．These interactions are extremely small but important； they are the “dark matter” of friendship．
　　Closeness and routine encounters lay the foundation for friendship． A classic study has shown that people often befriend those who they regularly interact with — neighbors， colleagues or classmates． However， physical closeness alone isn’t enough． Shared interests like hobbies or humor spark connections． In reality， true friendship blossoms when we go deeper and open up to each other．
　　Self－disclosure marks the shift from casual acquaintance to true friendship． A simple “Can I talk to you for a minute？” might initiate a deeper connection． As Sociologist Beverley Fehr explains in her book Friendship Processes， transforming from acquaintanceship to friendship involves gradually sharing more personal information． It’s a reciprocal （互惠的） process： one person opens up， and the other responds in kind．
　　Reciprocity is the most decisive in developing friendship． When I started my first job in a bookstore， I grew close to an assistant． Almost every day we shared lunch with each other and bonded while working for a difficult boss． However， when she moved to a new job， our relationship began to change． I started sharing more about my personal life， but she never did the same． Eventually， our lunches petered out to once a month， before she drifted out of my life for good． I was eager to tell her my problems， but she was unwilling to share hers． The necessary reciprocity was missing， so our acquaintanceship never tipped over into friendship．
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了友谊形成的复杂因 素，包括偶然相遇、共同兴趣、自我表露和互惠行为等，并通过个 人经历和理论研究说明真正友谊的关键条件。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了友谊形成的复杂因
素，包括偶然相遇、共同兴趣、自我表露和互惠行为等，并通过个
人经历和理论研究说明真正友谊的关键条件。
5. Why is Olivia mentioned in paragraph 1？（　　）
A． To show a keen interest in writing．
B． To describe a mixed reaction to a joke．
C． To initiate the topic of friendship formation．
D． To illustrate the importance of humour sense．
解析：　推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句可推知，提到Olivia是为 了引出友谊形成的主题。
√
6. What does “dark matter” in paragraph 2 mean？（　　）
A． Conflict－free social factors．
B． Simple yet close connections．
C． Non－light－emitting materials．
D． Minute but significant interactions．
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的These interactions are extremely small but important； they are the “dark matter” of friendship．可推知，“dark matter”指代上文提到的这些微小但很重要的互动。
√
7. What stopped the author developing friendship with the assistant？ （　　）
A． The author’s talkative personality．
B． The company’s tight schedule．
C． The assistant’s unresponsive behavior．
D． The boss’s unpleasant character．
解析：　细节理解题。根据第五段最后四句可知，助理的不回应行 为阻碍了友谊发展。
√
8. What contributes most to a true friendship？（　　）
A． Regular meeting． B． Mutual openness．
C． Common ground． D． Comfortable distance．
解析：　推理判断题。根据第四段和第五段中的Reciprocity is the most decisive in developing friendship．可推知，相互敞开心扉对友谊 最关键。
√
Ⅱ．完形填空
　　（2026 福建漳州二模）One April morning， I learned that Lucy’s mother was seriously ill． Lucy was my closest friend， yet， unsure of what to say， I was unwilling to 　9　 her．
　　I tried to avoid school， but Mom 　10　 due to my history test． As a result， I attended school and thought hard of the 　11　 words all day， even writing a dialogue． But Lucy didn’t 　12　．
　　Outside， the clouds were 　13　， wetting the world， as if they were as sad as Lucy． There were puddles everywhere， 　14　 the grayness above．
　　After class， Mrs Green told me Lucy was coming to get her homework． I 　15　 out． My mind was blank． All I wanted was to see her．
　　I saw Lucy approaching， head down in a yellow raincoat． Her 　16　 shook． I knew she was crying． My heart ached， and I prayed for strength．
　　As we 　17　 each other， my throat tightened． But then， forgetting my own concerns， I reached out and 　18　 her． I said nothing， yet in that moment， I shared her 　19　 and let her know I cared．
　　Since then， Lucy has praised my ability to say the right thing at the right time， not realizing I was 　20　 that day． But I learned that true 　21　 means focusing on the other’s needs， not just our own．
　　I always remember that day in the April 　22　． It reminds me that sometimes， the most helpful thing we can do is 　23　 be there．
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的好朋友露西 的母亲生了重病，作者不知道如何安慰，只有通过陪伴在露西身边 的方式缓解悲伤。
9. A． face B． support
C． disturb D． accompany
解析：　根据下文I tried to avoid school可知，作者逃避上学是因为 不愿意面对朋友。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的好朋友露西
的母亲生了重病，作者不知道如何安慰，只有通过陪伴在露西身边
的方式缓解悲伤。
√
10. A． hesitated B． permitted
C． recovered D． insisted
解析：　根据下文due to my history test可知，母亲坚持让作者去参 加历史考试。
11. A． graceful B． right
C． powerful D． moving
解析：　根据上文unsure of what to say（不知道该说什么）可知，作 者一整天都在努力思考合适的词语。
√
√
12. A． step in B． set off
C． show up D． come through
解析：　上文But表示转折，结合下文After class， Mrs Green told me Lucy was coming to get her homework．可知，露西没有出现。
13. A． floating B． staring
C． gathering D． weeping
解析：　根据下文wetting the world可知，作者把下雨比喻成乌 云哭泣。
√
√
14. A． brightening B． reflecting
C． displaying D． exposing
解析：　根据上文There were puddles everywhere可知，水坑映衬出 天空的灰暗。
15. A． looked B． called
C． rushed D． dropped
解析：　根据下文My mind was blank． All I wanted was to see her．可知，作者因为想见露西所以冲了出去。
√
√
16. A． head B． hands
C． legs D． shoulders
解析：　根据下文I knew she was crying．可知，露西因为哭泣而肩 膀颤抖。
17. A． comforted B． neared
C． greeted D． passed
解析：　根据下文I reached out and可知，她们靠近了彼此。
√
√
18. A． pulled B． grasped
C． hugged D． shook
解析：　根据上文But then， forgetting my own concerns， I reached out and可知，作者伸手拥抱露西，安慰她。
19. A． grief B． frustration
C． despair D． demand
解析：　根据上文One April morning， I learned that Lucy’s mother was seriously ill．可知，此处指分担露西的悲伤。
√
√
20. A． nervous B． puzzled
C． silent D． upset
解析：　根据上文My mind was blank． All I wanted was to see her．以及But then， forgetting my own concerns， I reached out and可 知，作者主要是通过动作安慰朋友，没有说话，即沉默。
√
21. A． friendship B． sympathy
C． trust D． honesty
解析：　根据下文focusing on the other’s needs， not just our own以及 上文Lucy was my closest friend可知，此处是对友谊的感悟，真正的友 谊意味着关注对方的需求，而不仅仅是我们自己的需求。
22. A． wind B． rain C． snow D． sun
解析：　根据上文wetting the world可知，那天在下雨。
√
√
23. A． gently B． proudly
C． regularly D． simply
解析：　根据上文the most helpful thing we can do is可知，我们能做 的最有用的事情仅仅是陪伴在身边。
√
Ⅲ．语法填空
　　（2025 安徽安庆二模）Liuchi Alley， located in Tongcheng， Anhui Province， is a place with great historical and 24. 　　　 （culture） significance． The alley， which is only 2 meters wide，25. 　　 （name） after the combination of the number six and the character “chi” at that time． In the early Qing Dynasty， it was the dividing line between two powerful families， the Zhangs and the Wus． They had a conflict over the property boundary and the right 26. 　　　 　　　 （build） a wall． After the negotiation failed， the Zhangs asked for help from 　　　
Zhang Ying， a respected member of their family 27. 　　 position in the emperor’s court was trusted． Zhang Ying， instead of standing up 28. 　　 　 his own family， advised them to retreat 1 meter．
29. 　　　　　　 （motivate） by his wisdom， both families agreed， and thus the alley was formed．
　　Today， Liuchi Alley still reminds us of the importance of peaceful ways to solve conflicts． The local government employees 30. 　　 　 （make） great efforts to restore the area to attract more visitors so far． For ordinary people， it teaches them how to get along with others， 31. 　　　　 for authorities， it is a guideline for officials．
　　Liuchi Alley is not only a physical place but also a source of 32. 　　　　　　 （inspire） and education． It shows that even in difficult situations， people can choose to solve conflicts 33. 　　　　　　 （wise）． The story of Liuchi Alley will keep uplifting future generations．
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了安徽桐城六尺巷的 历史由来及其文化意义，以及它对当今社会在解决冲突和人际交往 方面的启示。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了安徽桐城六尺巷的
历史由来及其文化意义，以及它对当今社会在解决冲突和人际交往
方面的启示。
24. cultural　考查词形转换。此处修饰名词 significance，应用形容词 作定语。
25. was named　考查动词的时态和语态。主语 The alley 与 name 之间 是被动关系，描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态。
26. to build　考查非谓语动词。have the right to do sth 是固定搭配，意 为 “有做某事的权利”。
27. whose　考查定语从句。此处是一个定语从句，先行词是 Zhang Ying，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰 position。
28. for/with　考查介词。stand up for/with意为 “支持”。
29. Motivated　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，motivate 与句 子主语 both families 之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作状语，首字母 大写。
30. have made　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语 so far 可知，此处应 用现在完成时，主语 employees 是复数。
31. and/while　考查连词。根据语境可知，前后句之间是并列或对比 关系。
32. inspiration　考查词形转换。根据空前的介词 of 可知，此处应用名 词作宾语。
33. wisely　考查词形转换。此处修饰动词 solve，应用副词。

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