资源简介

(共93张PPT)
主题引领·语法融通
　　When my uncle，a geologist，was young，he answered the call and volunteered to work on that distant island．My uncle worked hard in the daytime．In his free time，he went on studying the characteristics of those plants which were native to the island．He even had some samples 1. （place） in his bedroom．2. was just at that time that he began to think about 3. they evolved from their ancestors．
4. his study generated no income，he was crazy about the evolution of the plants．He often used some primitive
placed
It
how
Although/Though/While
5. （method） to carry out his experiments， 6. （detect） how the seeds grew into some tall plants．
There was a time when the number of those plants 7. （be） on the decline and human beings were to blame．He managed to find out the root reason and came up with a new way 8. （solve） the problem．Later，he achieved a lot in this field．Many people had suspected 9. （he） talent，but he succeeded!He was
10. （absolute） a legend!
methods
detecting
was
to
solve
his
absolutely
单元知识 必备清单
Ⅰ．阅读单词——我会认
1. finch n． 雀科鸣禽
2. beak n． 鸟嘴，喙
3. tortoise n． 陆龟
4. goat n． 山羊
5. comb－like adj． 梳状的
6. spine n． （动植物的）刺，刺毛
7. wasp n． 黄蜂
8. chilli n． 辣椒
9. fungus n． 真菌（复数fungi）
10. fungal adj． 真菌的
11. cybercrime n． 网络犯罪
12. ancestor n． （动物的）原种，祖先
13. pesticide n． 杀虫剂，农药
Ⅱ．多义单词——我会辨
1. distant adj．　遥远的；远亲的；远房的；冷淡的；疏远的
2. suspect v． 猜想，怀疑，觉得
n．　　 嫌疑犯；可疑对象
adj．　　 可疑的；靠不住的
3. decline v．　　减少；拒绝，谢绝
n． 下降
4. giant adj． 巨大的，特大的
n．　　 （传说中的）巨人；卓越人物
5. root n．　　根；底部，基部；根源，起因
Ⅲ．核心单词——我会写
1. generate v． 产生， 创造
2. worldwide adv． 遍及全世界
3. seed n． 种子，籽
4. sample n． 样本
5. myth n． （古代的）神话
6. centimetre n． 厘米
7. link v． 把……联系起来；连接
8. blame v． 责怪，指责，把……归咎于
Ⅳ．拓展词汇——我会拓
1. geologist n．地质学家→geography n．地理
2. disgrace n．丢脸， 耻辱→grace n．优美； 优雅→graceful adj．优 美的； 优雅的→gracefully adv．优雅地
3. evolve v．进化→evolution n．进化（论）
4. detect v．发现，察觉（尤指不易觉察到的事物）；检测，识 别 →detection n．发现，察觉；侦察→detective n．侦探，警探
6. characteristic n．特征， 特性 adj．典型的， 独特的→character n．个性， 性格； 人物；勇气，毅力；文字，字体
5. legend n．传说，传奇（故事）→legendary adj．传说中的；非常有 名的
Ⅴ．重点短语——我会记
1. date back to 　　　 追溯到
（同义：date from）
2. be a disgrace 是耻辱，是丢脸的事
3. answer the call 响应号召
4. of all time 有史以来
5. in question 讨论（议论）中的
6. be crowded with 挤满
（同义：be filled with）
7. come to exist 　　产生
（近义：come into being）
8. adapt to 　　 适应
（近义：adjust to）
9. a variety of 　　各种各样的，种类繁多的
　　 （同义：varieties of）
10. be native to 源于……的，原产于……
11. be home to 是……的栖息地/家乡
12. by contrast 相比之下；与之相比
　　 （同义：in comparison）
13. so far 　　 到目前为止
　　 （同义：up to now）
14. drive ．．．away 赶走，使离去
15. first choice 第一选择，首选
16. living things 生物
17. over time 随着时间的流逝
　　 （同义：as time goes by）
18. in isolation 单独地；孤立地
19. organic matter 有机物质
20. immune system 免疫系统
21. get attacked 受到攻击
22. carry out 完成（任务）；执行；实施
Ⅵ．单元佳句——我会用
1. But Darwin’s scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory．（so ．．．that ．．．引导结果状 语从句）
然而达尔文的科学研究很有说服力，越来越多的人开始接受他的 理论。
2. Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India．（sb/sth be said to have done ．．．据说某人/某物已经做 了……）
据说亚历山大大帝和马可 波罗曾在印度见过一棵这样的树。
3. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water， indicating drought is arriving．（动词－ing短语作状语）
还有些树木在水分不足时会发出咔嗒声，以示干旱就要来了。
高考高分 提升密码
Ⅰ．高考阅读疑难词汇——清障有法
构词法 形容词后缀－ic，－tic，－atic，－etic表示“……的”
写出下列句中蓝体词的词性和词义
1. Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas， stuck inside volcanic rocks， filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow．　
adj．火山的，火山引发的
　
adj．南极的
2. （2023 北京卷） The field of artificial life — called ALife for short — is the systematic attempt to spell out life’s fundamental principles．
　
adj．系统的
3. （2023 1月浙江卷） Habitat loss， pesticide use， and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades， which has damaged the U． S． agricultural economy．　

adj．突然的，急剧的

4. （全国乙卷） The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned．　
5. The government has taken some economic measures to help small businesses．　
6. We need to solve this urgent environmental problem in a comprehensive and scientific way．　
adj．同情的
adj．经济的；经济上的
adj．科学的
Ⅱ.2025新增课标词汇——精准备考
1. mall n．购物中心；商场；林荫大道
①shopping mall购物中心
②indoor mall 室内商场
③mall parking lot 商场停车场
The new shopping mall in our neighborhood has a cinema， a food court
and many popular brand stores， attracting many visitors every weekend．
我们小区的新购物中心有电影院、美食广场和许多受欢迎的品牌店，
每个周末都吸引众多游客。
2. marine adj．海洋的；海生的；海产的；海船的；海上贸易的
①marine life 海洋生物
②marine environment 海洋环境
③marine pollution 海洋污染
Overfishing and marine pollution have caused great damage to the marine ecosystem， threatening the survival of many sea creatures．
过度捕捞和海洋污染对海洋生态系统造成了严重破坏，威胁着许多海 洋生物的生存。
3. metaphor n．隐喻；暗喻；象征
①common metaphor 常见隐喻
②metaphor for ……的隐喻
③extended metaphor 延伸隐喻
The poet uses “the sun” as a metaphor for hope in his poem， conveying his optimism about the future．
诗人在诗中用“太阳”作为希望的隐喻，表达了他对未来的乐观 态度。
核心知识 点面突破
suspect v．猜想，怀疑，觉得 n．犯罪嫌疑人，可疑对象
练通 单句语法填空
①What she said sounded convincing， but I suspected it （be） a lie．
②While on his way to Bukhara， Mr Bissell got a taste of police methods when suspected drug dealing．
to be
of
being
suspected of
Suspected of
（1）suspect sb of （doing） sth 怀疑某人（做了）某事
suspect sb/sth to be ．．．　　怀疑某人/某事是……
suspect that ．．．怀疑……，猜想……
（2）suspicious adj．　　感觉可疑的，怀疑的
be suspicious of 　　对……不信任，对……怀疑
be suspicious about sth　对某事心存疑虑
a suspicious look　　怀疑的表情
a suspicious person　　可疑人物
佳句 He noticed her avoiding his eyes， suspecting that she had hidden something about the missing necklace．　（神态＋心理描写）
他发现她避开他的目光，怀疑她对丢失的项链有所隐瞒。
blame v．责怪，指责；把……归咎于 n．指责；责备
练通 单句语法填空
①To be honest， you should not completely blame the failure your partner．
on
blame others for
mistakes
we are to blame
blaming others
（1）blame sb for ．．．因……而指责某人；把……归咎于某人
blame sth on sb　　把某事归咎于某人
be to blame （for sth）　　承担责任；该受责备
（2）take the blame for ．．．　　为……承担责任
put/lay the blame for sth on sb　把某事的责任推到某人身上
佳句 Honestly speaking， Professor Smith is to blame for the conflict．
诚实地说，史密斯教授应该为这次冲突负有责任。
点津 be to blame不能用于被动语态，该短语用主动语态表示被动 意义。
decline v．减少；衰退；谢绝 n．减少；下降；衰退
练通 单句语法填空/补全句子
①She wanted him to go shopping with her， but he declined （join）， saying he was too busy to go．
to join
has
declined by about half
on the decline/in
decline
（1）decline to do sth　　　　拒绝做某事
decline an invitation/offer　　谢绝邀请/提议
decline sharply/gradually　　急剧/逐渐下降
（2）in decline=on the decline　　在下降
a sharp decline in ．．．　在……方面的急剧下降
佳句 ①There’s a sharp decline in the number of traditional bookstores in big cities now．　（投稿）
如今大城市里传统书店的数量出现了急剧下降。
②The number of tourists declined sharply during the rainy season．雨季 期间，游客数量急剧下降。
点津 表示“增加”或“减少”的幅度常用介词by，后面常跟百分数； 表示“增加到”或“减少到”常用介词to，后面常跟具体数字。
drive ．．．away 赶走，使离去；驱车离开
练通 补全句子
① （让我发疯的是） that my mother determined to （把我可爱的宠物狗赶走）．
What drove me crazy/mad was
drive my lovely pet dog away
写美 微写作
②我的内疚驱使我反思哥哥的感受，想象他只有托比陪伴的孤独日 子。　（2025 全国一卷）
My guilt and to imagine his lonely days with only Toby by his side．
drove me to reflect on my brother’s feelings
drive off驾车离去；击退；赶走
drive on　　驱车继续行驶
drive sb crazy/mad　　使某人发疯
drive sb to do sth　　驱使某人做某事
drive sb/sth out of ．．．　驱散，消除，使停止
drive sth up/down　　抬高/压低；使上升/下跌
佳句We should drive fear out of our minds when facing difficulties．Only in this way can we face challenges bravely．　（发言稿）
在面对困难时，我们应该消除心中的恐惧。只有这样，我们才能勇敢 地面对挑战。
句型公式：sb/sth be said to have done ．．．“据说某人/某物已 经做了……”
教材原句：Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India．
据说，亚历山大大帝和马可 波罗曾在印度见过这样的一棵树。
写美 微写作/句型转换
①据说中国在高铁技术上取得了令人瞩目的成就。
in high－speed rail technology．
②It’s said that many students feel enthusiastic about their future and eagerly embrace new challenges．
→Many students ， eagerly embracing new challenges．
China is said to have made remarkable achievements
are said to feel enthusiastic about their future
佳句 The famous writer is said to be working on a new novel about campus life．　（告知信）
据说这位著名作家正在写一部关于校园生活的新小说。
高效迁移 微点练全
一词多义/熟词生义
1. distant adj．遥远的；远亲的；远房的；冷淡的；疏远的
①However， after I went to high school， somehow I became distant from him．　
②It was only after a family conversation that I found out she was actually my distant cousin．　
③The distant village， hidden beyond the hills， was only reachable by a long， winding dirt road．　
adj．冷淡的；疏远的
adj．远亲的；远房的
adj．遥远的
2. suspect v．猜想，怀疑，觉得 n．嫌疑犯；可疑对象 adj．可疑的；靠 不住的
①He resigned after being suspected to be a criminal．
②Some of the evidence they produced was highly suspect．

③What a disgrace!Her son is a murder suspect in the case．

v．怀疑
adj．可疑的；靠不住的
n．嫌疑犯；可疑对象
②At night， I offered to tell them a folk tale，but they declined with thanks．　
③The number of tourists to the place of interest declined by 10% last year．　
3. decline v．减少；下降；拒绝，谢绝 n．减少；下降
①In parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent．　
n．减少
v．拒绝，谢绝
v．下降
n．卓越
人物
单句语法填空
1. To be honest， it was Su’s fault， but Li was also （blame）．
2. Nottingham police last night found what they described as a （suspect） package．
3. I must state for the record that I absolutely decline （discuss） the issue at hand．
to blame
suspicious
to discuss
4. Her fear of failure drove her （study） tirelessly and chase her dreams under the dim bedroom lamp．
5. The local artist group is said （create） paintings to celebrate the school’s 50th anniversary， and their works will be displayed at the celebration next month．
to study
to be creating
单句语法填空
1. The company has evolved a major chemical manufacturer．
2. You should inform everyone of these dangerous and （disgrace） conditions．
3. （stand） on the top of Mount Tai， we are able to have a good view of the beautiful scenery of the whole city．
4. A subway line will link the airport the city center， so it will be more convenient for citizens to travel．
into
disgraceful
Standing
to/with/and
　应用文增分练——动物保护
　　4月1日是国际爱鸟日（International Bird Day），假定你是校学生 会主席李华，请你用英语写一封关于“保护鸟类（bird conservation）”的倡议信，刊登在校园宣传栏英语板块。内容包括：
　　（1）鸟类受到的威胁；
　　（2）保护鸟类的重要性及措施。
第一步　根据单元知识写美句
1. 鸟类正面临着来自污染和栖息地丧失的巨大威胁。（giant）

2. 人类活动是罪魁祸首，因为这些活动已经迫使许多鸟类离开它们的 家园。（blame， drive ．．．away）
3. 据说有些鸟类甚至已经永远消失了。（be said to have done）

Birds are facing a giant threat from pollution and habitat loss．
Human activities are to blame， as they have driven many birds away from their homes．
Some birds are even said to have disappeared forever．
4. 鸟类与自然联系紧密。（link）

5. 它们帮助把种子传播到遥远的地区，为各种各样的植物提供支持。 （distant， a variety of， 动词－ing短语作状语）
6. 保护它们至关重要，我们必须立即采取行动。 （so ．．．that ．．．）

Birds are closely linked to nature．
They help spread seeds over distant areas， supporting a variety of plants．
It is so important to protect them that we must take action right now．
7. 植树造林和及早发现危险有助于拯救我们这些长着羽毛的朋友。 （detect）
Planting trees and detecting dangers early can help save our feathered friends．
第二步　连句成篇创佳作
　　把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右 的短文。
Dear schoolmates，
　　 　I am Li Hua， chairman of the Students’ Union.1 April is International Bird Day， a day to raise awareness of bird conservation．
Birds are facing a giant threat from pollution and habitat loss．Human activities are to blame， as they have driven many birds away from their homes．Some birds are even said to have disappeared forever．　
Yours，
Li Hua
　　 　Birds are closely linked to nature．They help spread seeds over distant areas， supporting a variety of plants．It is so important to protect them that we must take action right now．Planting trees and detecting dangers early can help save our feathered friends．　
　读后续写微技能——寻找失踪的队友
积累教材续写语料——有效强化教考衔接
佳 句 积 累 情感描写： 1.More surprisingly， plants also use sound to communicate．
2.Most surprisingly of all， plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest．
拓展续写话题素材——精准构建表达基石
动作描写之“跑、走、冲”
靓 点 语 块 1.burst into 冲进；闯进
2.make a rush for 冲向　　
3.steal/slide/creep into 溜进　　
4.charge out/into 冲出/冲进
5.hurry off （使）迅速离开
6.dash/rush for 向……冲去
7.pace up and down 踱来踱去　　
8.head for/towards 走向，前往
出 彩 表 达 1.No longer hesitating， he jumped off the truck and flew towards the building like an arrow．　（比喻）
他不再犹豫，跳下卡车，像箭一样奔向大楼。
2.The man dashed/rushed for the exit， and escaped in great panic．
那人向出口冲去，惊慌失措地逃走了。
3.He started pacing up and down the room with a frown on his face．
他皱着眉头在房间里踱来踱去。
重拳锤炼续写场景——积累内化应用提升
　　场景导入：队友在山中失踪，“我”奋力奔跑寻找，终于发现他 的身影。“我”冲过去，将他带回安全地带。
　　Realizing that my teammate was missing in the mountains， I 1. （毫不犹豫地冲向那 条狭窄的小路）.2.
dashed for the narrow path without hesitation
My heart raced wildly as I flew down the path，
calling out his name again
made a rush for the sound
and found him sitting against a rock， too weak to stand．Without thinking， I 4. （拉起他，我们开始一起踉跄着往回走）．When we finally reached the camp， I 5. （瘫坐在地上）， tears of relief rolling down my cheeks．
　　Just as our coach always says， “A true team never leaves anyone behind．”
dragged him up and we began to stagger back together
collapsed to the ground
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A
　　（2026 山东适应性检测）Marine communities traveled to Antarctica during the Earth’s warmest phase in 66 million years， long before a major extinction occurred．
　　Recently， a team of researchers compared biodiversity and global community structure， and they discovered that the community frequently responds to climate change millions of years before biodiversity loss occurs．
　　The study implies that plankton （浮游生物） relocated to cooler places to escape the tropical （热带的） heat， leaving only the most highly specialized species to survive．These findings suggest that changes in the community size will be visible long before extinctions， and that greater effort should be put into monitoring the structure of marine communities to potentially forecast future marine extinctions．
　　Dr Adam Woodhouse from the University of Bristol’s School of Earth Sciences， explained： “Considering three billion people live in the tropics， this is not great news．Biodiversity among marine plankton groups has changed in the last 66 million years， but no one had explored it on a global， spatial scale through the lens of a single database．”　 “We used the Triton dataset that I created during my PhD， offering new insights into how biodiversity responds spatially to global changes in climate， especially during intervals of global warmth relevant to future warming predictions．” Adam added．
　　The fossil record of marine plankton is the most complete and extensive document of ancient biological changes available to science．By applying advanced computational analyses to this document， researchers detailed global community structure of the oceans since the death of the dinosaurs， revealing that community change often precedes the extinction of organisms．
　　The team intends to apply similar strategies to additional marine plankton groupings．This study only looked at planktonic foraminifera （有孔虫类）； however， there are numerous additional microfossil
groups that play key roles in marine food webs to be investigated．They must also use historical and current patterns to anticipate future community organization with new climate models．
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，6，600万年前地球最热 时期，海洋生物群落迁徙至南极。这表明群落结构变化先于生物灭 绝，故需加强监测海洋群落结构以预测未来灭绝，团队还将研究更 多浮游生物群。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，6，600万年前地球最热
时期，海洋生物群落迁徙至南极。这表明群落结构变化先于生物灭
绝，故需加强监测海洋群落结构以预测未来灭绝，团队还将研究更
多浮游生物群。
1. What is the major finding of the study？（　　）
A． Tropical plankton adapted to extreme heat．
B． Marine life responds earlier than expected．
C． Fossil records predict future climate change．
D． Warming causes immediate biodiversity loss．
解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，这项研究的主要发现是海 洋生物的反应时间比预期的要早。
√
2. What do we know from paragraph 3？（　　）
A． Fossil fuel use must be stopped immediately．
B． Ocean shipping traffic needs stricter regulation．
C． Gene editing of plankton makes for their heat tolerance．
D． Monitoring marine community structure should be enhanced．
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段中的These findings suggest that ．．．forecast future marine extinctions．可知，应当加强对海洋生 物群落结构的监测。
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3. What role did the Triton dataset play in the research？（　　）
A． Predict future climate models．
B． Track species’ extinction timelines．
C． Compare tropical and polar ecosystems．
D． Reveal spatial responses to global warmth．
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的We used the Triton dataset ．．．
relevant to future warming predictions．可知，Triton数据集揭示了全球变暖对空间环境的影响。
√
4. What will the research team investigate next？（　　）
A． Causes of tropical extinctions．
B． Forms of the Ice age community．
C． Samples of other groups and models．
D． Adaptation strategies of human beings．
解析：　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，该团队计划将类似的策 略应用于其他海洋浮游生物群落，还有众多其他微化石类群有待进一 步研究，且需结合新的气候模型预测未来群落结构，即研究团队接下 来将要探究其他群体和模型的样本。
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B
　　（2026 广东深圳三模）What do you do as spring sets in？ Taking off your warm winter coat， and putting it away？ For humans， taking off winter coats is a one－minute task．As it turns out， not all animals are so capable．
　　Snowshoe rabbits live in the mountain ranges of North America， and have a pure white coat during the wintertime to match the snowy surroundings and to help avoid being caught．And they take off winter coats for a darker brown fur colour to match the dirt and leaves after the snow melts in the spring．Sounds like a great way to escape from their natural enemies， right？ However， concern begins when scientists begin looking at how the warming climate will impact the rabbits．
　　There are more and more white rabbits in the middle of a brown habitat， where the snow has already melted away．This is a problem for them， as they are more easily seen by their natural enemies， giving them a “mismatch” problem．Snowshoe rabbits time the coat change in spring from white to brown based on the change in day length， not the temperature or the presence of snow in their habitat．Nowadays， the snow is melting a week on average before the change in day length signals the change in coat colour， leaving the rabbits exposed to their natural enemies．
　　Some predictions put the rabbits in up to 8 weeks of a white coat in a brown， snowless habitat by the end of this century．This timeline could spell doom for their populations， as their natural enemies will have nearly two months of easily spotting them．
　　Fortunately， scientists have found areas with snowshoe rabbits in colour from white to brown in the same place， meaning the timing of the coat change can be influenced by the environment．Snowshoe rabbits reproduce quickly， and if the colour change timing is passed down then it is possible for rabbits to change coats accordingly．By protecting areas with variable ones， we can give snowshoe rabbits the opportunity to adapt to the changing climate．
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过对比人类换衣与雪靴兔换 毛的差异，说明气候变化导致雪靴兔因毛色与环境不匹配而面临生 存危机，并探讨其可能的适应机制。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过对比人类换衣与雪靴兔换
毛的差异，说明气候变化导致雪靴兔因毛色与环境不匹配而面临生
存危机，并探讨其可能的适应机制。
5. Why does the author mention humans’ taking off winter coats？ （　　）
A． To imply the cleverness of humans．
B． To stress the influence of climate change．
C． To lead to the problem of snowshoe rabbits．
D． To show the bond between humans and animals．
解析：　推理判断题。根据第一段和第二段中的And they take off winter ．．．snow melts in the spring．可知，作者提到人类脱掉冬衣 是为了引出雪靴兔换毛的问题。
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6. What has made scientists worry about snowshoe rabbits？（　　）
A． They are active in freezing winter．
B． They fail to keep their white colour．
C． They can’t get rid of white fur when snow melts．
D． They are easily caught by hunters on snowy days．
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段中的Snowshoe rabbits time the coat change ．．．exposed to their natural enemies．可知，让科学家担心的 是当雪融化时，雪靴兔无法摆脱白色的皮毛。
√
7. What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in paragraph 4？ （　　）
A． More rabbits will be killed．
B． Rabbits’ enemies are stronger．
C． The rabbit population will explode．
D． The rabbits may die out in the near future．
解析：　推理判断题。根据第四段画线部分后文as their natural enemies will have nearly two months of easily spotting them可推知，容 易被天敌发现意味着更多的兔子会面临被杀死的厄运。
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8. Which can be a suitable title for the text？（　　）
A． Snowshoe Rabbits： Masters of Coat Change
B． Snowshoe Rabbits： Survivors of Illegal Hunting
C． Snowshoe Rabbits： Victims of Climate Mismatch
D． Snowshoe Rabbits： Witnesses of Natural Selection
解析：　标题归纳题。分析全文内容，尤其根据第二段可知，本文 主要说明气候变化导致雪靴兔因毛色与环境不匹配而面临生存危机， 并探讨其可能的适应机制。因此，C项适合作本文标题。
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C
　　（2026 山东模拟）Chocolate is a popular snack， but the price of it continues to rise．Cocoa from the cacao tree is the basic ingredient of chocolate； the trees thrive in warm and damp climates but are struggling due to increasing aridity — a slow but non－stop drying of the land．This issue extends to producers around the globe， threatening cocoa production and livelihoods of farmers．
　　Over the past 30 years， more than three－quarters of the Earth’s landmass has become drier．This dryness is a long－term transformation with disastrous consequences for ecosystems， agriculture， and livelihoods．
　　Aridity arises from human－driven factors， including greenhouse gas emissions， unsustainable land use， and natural resource degradation．Climate change， primarily caused by fossil fuel consumption and deforestation， increases global temperatures， accelerating evaporation （蒸发） and heightening water shortage — even in regions with moderate rainfall．
　　Unsustainable land use further intensifies aridity．Practices like deforestation and industrial farming degrade soils， removing them from protective vegetation and essential nutrients．In cocoa－producing regions， deforestation upsets local water cycles and wears away the topsoil．Degraded soils hold less water， deepening drought conditions．
　　Cocoa is just one crop at risk．Major agricultural zones are also affected．By 2100， up to 5 billion people may live in dry lands， stretching food systems to their limit and forcing migration．Aridity also threatens ecosystems．Wildlife struggles to adapt， and plant species suited to warm and damp conditions fail to survive．Economic losses are overwhelming — Africa saw a 12% GDP decline from 1990 to 2015 due to rising aridity．Governments face additional burdens from sandstorms， wildfires， and water shortages．
　　While aridity’s effects are severe， they are not entirely changeless．
Restoring degraded lands， improving soil health， and adopting sustainable farming practices can help．Efficient water management， investment in renewable energy， and international cooperation are essential in battling aridity．
　　As chocolate prices hit record highs in early 2025 due to dry conditions in Africa， addressing aridity is a matter of urgency．Beyond saving chocolate， it’s about preserving the planet’s ability to sustain life．
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了全球干旱化加剧对 可可种植、农业生产及生态系统的威胁，并导致巧克力价格上涨。 但干旱化不仅是巧克力危机，也同时威胁农业、生态和经济。土地 修复、可持续农业、资源管理以及国际合作是对抗干旱的有效措
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了全球干旱化加剧对
可可种植、农业生产及生态系统的威胁，并导致巧克力价格上涨。
但干旱化不仅是巧克力危机，也同时威胁农业、生态和经济。土地
修复、可持续农业、资源管理以及国际合作是对抗干旱的有效措
施。
9. What’s the main reason for the rising price of chocolate？（　　）
A． The decline of cocoa production．
B． The high cost of basic ingredients．
C． The increasing demand for chocolate．
D． The shortage of cocoa tree plantations．
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的the trees thrive in warm ．．．
and livelihoods of farmers可知，土地逐渐变得干旱使得巧克力的原料来源可可树的生长状况面临困境，从而导致可可的产量减少，最终导致巧克力价格上涨。
√
10. What do we know about aridity？（　　）
A． It is mainly caused by natural factors．
B． It only affects cocoa－producing regions．
C． It has a wide－ranging impact on various aspects．
D． It will disappear if sustainable land use is adopted．
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的This dryness is ．．．
ecosystems， agriculture， and livelihoods．可知，干旱的影响不仅限于单一区域或作物，而是广泛涉及生态、农业、经济等多方面。
√
11. Why is Africa’s GDP decline mentioned in paragraph 5？（　　）
A． To show aridity only causes economic losses in Africa．
B． To prove Africa is the most severely affected by aridity．
C． To criticize Africa lacks effective measures against aridity．
D． To illustrate aridity has a significant influence on economy．
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的Economic losses are overwhelming — Africa saw a 12% GDP decline from 1990 to 2015 due to rising aridity．可推知，作者以非洲为例是为了说明干旱对经济的显著影响。
√
12. Which of the following can fight against aridity？（　　）
A． Cutting off water supplies．
B． Replacing renewable energy．
C． Promoting soil conservation．
D． Practicing industrial farming．
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第六段中的Restoring degraded lands ．．．
essential in battling aridity．可知，缓解或对抗干旱问题的方式包括恢复退化的土地、改善土壤质量、采用可持续耕作方式、有效水资源管理、投资可再生能源及国际合作，因此C项（促进土壤保护）是对抗干旱的措施。
Ⅱ．阅读七选五
　　（2026 湖南长沙模拟）As spring begins， so does a fresh song at daybreak， unique to the season．Just before the sun rises， birds start singing their melodies， creating a symphony．This phenomenon is known as the dawn chorus and this harmony of birdsong at dawn happens during a fundamental time of the year．The dawn chorus is， in fact， mostly composed of birds of both genders singing to find a mate.
13. 　　 They need to compete with each other as well， and the louder， the better in regard to who is the most impressive mate．
　　14. 　　 There’s a lot of debate， and it seems that there is no general agreement on exactly why it is that everything happens at dawn．One possibility is that weather conditions at dawn make it easier for birdsong to travel.15. 　　 Sound also transmits more clearly when humidity （湿度） is higher so that details of the song do not degrade as much over distance．It may also be that in the morning， after the night has passed， male birds want to inform their competitors that they’re still there， claiming their territory．
　　Witnessing the dawn chorus can be a rewarding experience， and
this phenomenon can also help scientists work on bird conservation.
16. 　　 For example， scientists record the dawn chorus to understand which species live in an area， or how populations are changing．
　　Fortunately， anyone can listen to it．This spring， just wake up early， bring a cup of coffee， head out into nature， and stand still and listen.17. 　　 It’s the most natural soundtrack on Earth， which is just so wonderful．
A． These birds sing louder to be heard．
B． What makes birdsong much louder in the morning？
C． It’s better to do some research on how birds sing and hum．
D． But why birds sing in the early morning is still an open question．
E． Generally， sound travels farther when the air is cooler and denser．
F． You don’t need to know how to identify bird calls or songs to just appreciate them．
G． Listening to birdsong is a window into the health of the species and the ecosystem．
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鸟类在黎明时分鸣 唱的现象——黎明合唱，包括其目的、可能的原因，以及这一现象 对科学家研究鸟类保护的作用，还鼓励人们去聆听这一自然之声。
13. A　上文指出鸟类鸣唱是为了寻找配偶，下文强调它们在竞争中叫 声越大越有优势。A项承接上文找配偶的内容，引出下文关于声音大 小的竞争，与上下文逻辑紧密。
14. D　下文提到对于鸟类在黎明鸣唱的原因存在诸多争论，没有普遍 共识。D项引出了下文关于这一原因的讨论，符合语境。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鸟类在黎明时分鸣
唱的现象——黎明合唱，包括其目的、可能的原因，以及这一现象
对科学家研究鸟类保护的作用，还鼓励人们去聆听这一自然之声。
15. E　上文说明黎明的天气条件利于鸟鸣传播，下文进一步阐述湿度 对声音传播的影响。E项具体说明了天气条件中空气状况对声音传播 的影响，与上下文关于天气影响鸟鸣传播的内容相呼应。
16. G　上文提到黎明合唱能帮助科学家进行鸟类保护工作。G项进一 步解释了这一现象对科学研究的意义，与上文内容相契合。
17. F　上文鼓励人们早起去聆听黎明合唱。F项进一步说明欣赏这种 自然之声无需专业知识，与上文鼓励聆听的内容相呼应。

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