资源简介

(共47张PPT)
Unit 1　话题提升训练1
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共12题;每题2.5分,共30分)
A
Swimming in the water of Hawaii’s Big Island is a fun experience.But it can be more exciting if there are dolphins swimming around and jumping out of the sea,too.For many people,it would be a wonderful dream to swim with these lovely animals!However,this may not be good for dolphins.They may get hurt because of human interaction (互动).
Dolphins are active and usually look for food at night.In the day,they like to rest in shallow bays (浅湾).Many people think the dolphins are awake during the day as they swim.But when they sleep they rest half of their brain and keep the other half awake to breathe,so they may be sleeping even when they’re swimming in the water.
From 2010 to 2013,spinner dolphins (飞旋海豚) of Hawaii’s Big Island were exposed to human activities more than 82 percent of the time,
according to Julian Tyne,a researcher at Australia’s Murdoch University.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) says disturbing the animals in their near-shore habitat could force them to swim to less favourable places,putting them at risk of being attacked by sharks and other animals.
Besides,when people are around,dolphins become more active.Thus,
they can’t get enough sleep.“Disturbing their resting behaviours can actually affect their long-term health and the health of the dolphin population,”Ann Garrett of NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service told the media.
As a result,the NOAA wants to make rules to help protect the dolphins.
For example,the agency (机构) may ban swimming with the Hawaii spinner dolphins.Or they may stop people from swimming in shallow bays when the dolphins are resting.Tour operators must also be taught to watch for signs to know when the dolphins are in their resting state.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了海豚的生活习性以及其与人类的相处方式,建议人们保护海豚。
(　　)1.Which of the following about dolphins is NOT true
[A]They spend most of their time sleeping at night.
[B]They like to look for food during the night.
[C]They keep half of their brain awake while sleeping.
[D]They may be sleeping even when they’re swimming.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Dolphins are active and usually look for food at night.”可知,海豚通常在晚上寻找食物,A项与文章内容不符。故选A。
(　　)2.What would dolphins do when they are disturbed in their near-shore habitat
[A]Swim to a crowded place.
[B]Move closer to sharks.
[C]Become less active.
[D]Become aggressive.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,当海豚在近岸栖息地被打扰时,它们可能会游到靠近鲨鱼的地方。故选B。
(　　)3.Which activity is against the rules
[A]Swimming with the Hawaii spinner dolphins.
[B]Swimming in bays where the dolphins live.
[C]Making signs that show the dolphins’ resting state.
[D]Making signs that show people can’t swim with dolphins.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的第二句可知,与夏威夷飞旋海豚一起游泳是违反规定的。故选A。
(　　)4.What’s the purpose of writing this article
[A]Showing what habits dolphins have.
[B]Explaining what spinner dolphins are.
[C]Telling how the animals live in the sea.
[D]Calling on people to protect dolphins near the shore.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章围绕海豚展开,前面部分主要介绍了海豚在近岸栖息地的生活习性,并以此引出后面部分的内容。文章的目的是号召人们保护海豚,并说明了如何保护的问题。因此,D项是文章的写作目的。故选D。
B
Suzanne De Young worked as a librarian and teacher for 35 years in northern Minnesota,but she’s now retired and has lived in West St.Paul for five years.She kicked off spring 2021 by creating a Little Free Seed Library.Her yard is already a gardener’s paradise,but she shared that love by offering up literally thousands of seeds to her neighbours.
Suzanne visited Petaluma Seed Bank,which gave her the idea of the seed library.“It’s a lighthouse for the gardeners.Besides varieties of seeds,the bank also provides sustainable products,gardening tools and expert advice.And I see the value of sharing seeds,” she said.
All the seeds had to be sorted and dried.She bought small envelopes,
labeled them and put the dried seeds in them.She had hundreds of envelopes filled with seeds.She found the old mailboxes and then painted them.The containers inside holding the envelopes were from cookies.
Suzanne has many people stop and talk to her about the project and she hopes to bring the neighbourhood together through the seed library.It has warmed her heart to see parents and children stop and look through the seeds.The Little Free Seed Library has been a destination for the past month.It had positive reactions and remarks from her neighbours.They were amazed to see how doing something so simple as collecting seeds could stimulate conversations about plants and wider environmental issues.
“Gardening is seeing life.Plant the seed,water it and watch it grow.It is a fun activity that doesn’t cost anything except for some time,” she told people who picked up seeds from the seed library.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Suzanne建立种子图书馆,由此激发了人们对植物和环境问题的讨论,在社区中收获了好评的事。
(　　)5.What inspired Suzanne to start the Little Free Seed Library
[A]Her love for plants.
[B]The varieties of seeds.
[C]A visit to a seed bank.
[D]Her neighbours’ encouragement.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句可知,参观种子银行给了Suzanne建立种子图书馆的想法。故选C。
(　　)6.What does the underlined part in the first paragraph mean
[A]Introduce.
[B]Manage.
[C]Start.
[D]Plan.
C
【解析】 猜测短语题。根据画线短语所在句以及下文“Her yard is already...to her neighbours.”可知,kick off表示“开始;进行”。故选C。
(　　)7.What does Suzanne say about gardening
[A]It is tough work.
[B]It is fun and cheap.
[C]It calls for money and energy.
[D]It makes a lot of money.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知,Suzanne认为园艺是有趣而且不花钱的活动。故选B。
(　　)8.Which of the following can best describe Suzanne
[A]Ambitious and caring.
[B]Devoted and insightful.
[C]Generous and kind.
[D]Humorous and persistent.
B
【解析】 推理判断题。本文讲述了Suzanne建立种子图书馆,由此激发了人们对植物和环境问题的讨论,在社区中收获了好评的事。由此可推知,Suzanne是热衷于环境保护的;她参观种子银行,萌生了建立种子图书馆的想法,所以她又是富有洞察力的。故选B。
C
Want to help butterflies A new study suggests turning off the lights.
Light pollution at night can disturb their abilities to recognise directions,researchers have found.Artificial light can disrupt their circadian (昼夜节律的) rhythms and affect their sense of direction.That can make the butterflies disoriented when they try to fly the next day.
“Darkness is important to butterflies since the internal circadian clock of butterflies functions normally when they are exposed to natural day-night lighting cycles,” study author Patrick Guerra,an assistant professor at the University of Cincinnati,tells the media.
Monarch butterflies migrate (迁徙) by the millions each year,making the trip from northern areas of the continent to California and Mexico and back.Because most butterflies only live for a few weeks to a few months,it takes several generations of butterflies to complete the migration.But too much light at the wrong time can urge the butterflies to take off when they should be resting instead for their voyage.
“As monarch butterflies are a threatened species with their population numbers in decline,we wanted to see what types of environmental stress might be linked to their decline,” Guerra says.
For their study,researchers conducted lab studies where they reproduced the effects of artificial light pollution on butterflies using a flight simulator
(模拟器).
They first tested if monarch butterflies treated a single,artificial light source as if it were the actual sun during the day.Once they established what they did,they then tested how the monarch butterflies would behave when exposed to this same artificial light source during their night.
Butterflies stayed quiet and unmoving when they were first placed in the flight simulator in the dark.But as soon as scientists turned on the light,they started flying.The light made them believe that night was day and this can cause them to fly longer at night or start flying too early.
“These findings demonstrate how urbanisation can negatively affect important biological phenomena,and therefore allow us to understand how human activities impact the rest of nature,” Guerra says.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了光污染对黑脉金斑蝶产生的影响。实验表明光污染会扰乱黑脉金斑蝶的昼夜规律,干扰其识别方向的能力,从而造成蝴蝶数量的减少。
(　　)9.What does the underlined word “disoriented” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
[A]Slowed down.
[B]Died off.
[C]Felt sleepy.
[D]Got lost.
D
【解析】 猜测词义题。上文提到灯光会干扰蝴蝶的昼夜规律,干扰它们识别方向的能力,由此判断这可能会让蝴蝶在第二天努力飞行时迷失方向。故画线词意为“分不清方向或目标的”。与D项Got lost (迷路)意义相近。故选D。
(　　)10.What did the researchers want to find out in the study
[A]Why monarch butterflies migrate.
[B]What reduced the number of monarch butterflies.
[C]Why darkness is important to monarch butterflies.
[D]How monarch butterflies adapt to the environment.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知,研究的目的是想知道哪种环境压力造成了黑脉金斑蝶数量的下降。故选B。
(　　)11.What might be used in the experiment
[A]A flashlight.
[B]The sun.
[C]The moon.
[D]A clock.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第七段的第一句可知,研究人员首先测试了黑脉金斑蝶是否会将单一的人造光源当作白天的真正太阳。由此推断实验中有可能会用到手电筒。故选A。
(　　)12.What can be the best title for the text
[A]Natural Light Is Important to Insects
[B]Monarch Butterflies Are in Great Danger
[C]Butterflies React Actively to Air Pollution
[D]Light Pollution Can Affect Butterflies’ Migration
D
【解析】 标题归纳题。根据第二段中的“Light pollution at night can disturb...their sense of direction.”以及下文内容可知,本文主要介绍了一项实验,实验表明光污染会对黑脉金斑蝶识别方向的能力造成影响,从而影响蝴蝶的迁徙。因此D项可以作为文章的最佳标题。故选D。
Ⅱ.应用文写作(15分)
某英文网站要举办主题为保护环境的征文大赛,请你以“United!We Can Protect the Environment”为标题写一篇短文参赛,内容包括:
1.环境污染越来越严重;
2.作为学生,我们应该怎样保护环境;
3.号召同学们从现在做起。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
United!We Can Protect the Environment
[写作指导]
第一步:审题谋篇
体裁:应用文
时态:一般现在时
内容:1.环境污染现状;2.保护环境的措施;3.呼吁保护环境。
第二步:列提纲 (重点词组):for various reasons,save energy,be of vital importance,disposable items,beautify the environment等。
第三步:连词成句
1.Recently,for various reasons,our living environment has been polluted worse and worse.
2.We should turn off anything that uses electricity when it’s not in use.
3.Planting trees is of vital importance in making the air clean and beautifying the environment.
4.We’d better avoid using disposable items and recycle whatever we can.
5.We may as well walk or cycle to school,which won’t cause air pollution.
第四步:连句成篇(衔接词)
表次序关系:first of all,secondly,thirdly,lastly
高分句型:
1.We should turn off anything that uses electricity when it’s not in use.(运用了that引导的定语从句和when引导的时间状语从句)
2.We’d better avoid using disposable items and recycle whatever we can.
(运用了whatever引导的宾语从句)
One possible version:
United!We Can Protect the Environment
Recently,for various reasons,our living environment has been polluted worse and worse.Then as students,what can we do to protect our environment
First of all,we should save energy.For example,we should turn off anything that uses electricity when it’s not in use.Secondly,planting trees is of vital importance in making the air clean and beautifying the environment.Thirdly,we’d better avoid using disposable items and recycle whatever we can.Lastly,we may as well walk or cycle to school,which won’t cause air pollution.
If we want to drink clean water and breathe clean air,now we must take action together to protect our living environment.Don’t hesitate!(共134张PPT)
Unit 1　
Nature in the balance
[头脑风暴·思维发散]
　　Our planet is facing a severe environmental crisis.Industrial activities release harmful gases,which not only damage the ozone layer but also lead to global warming.The rising temperatures cause glaciers to melt,sea levels to rise,and extreme weather like droughts to occur more frequently.
These changes have a great impact on wildlife.Many species,such as polar bears and certain birds,are losing their habitats.Their survival is now in great danger.To address this,we must take immediate action.We should recycle more,use clean energy,and support environmental protection organizations.Only by doing so can we hope to protect our planet and ensure a better future for all.
我们的星球正面临着严峻的环境危机。工业活动释放出有害气体,这些气体不仅破坏臭氧层,而且导致全球变暖。不断上升的气温致使冰川融化、海平面上升,干旱等极端天气也更加频繁地发生。
这些变化对野生生物产生了重大影响。许多物种,如北极熊和某些鸟类,正在失去它们的栖息地。它们的生存现在处于极大的危险之中。为了解决这个问题,我们必须立即采取行动。我们应该更多地进行回收利用,使用清洁能源,并支持环保组织。只有这样做,我们才能有希望保护我们的星球,确保所有人都有一个更美好的未来。
Welcome to the unit,Reading,
Grammar and usage
Part 1
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1. 　　　　　　 n.土壤;国土,领土,土地
2. adj.海外的,国外的
adv.在海外,向国外
3. num.一百万;许多,大量
4. n.(pl.species)种,物种
5. n.野生动植物,野生生物
写作词汇
soil
overseas
million
species
wildlife
6. prep.在……下面,在……下方;配不上
7. adv.因此,从而;这样
8. n.影响,作用;撞击,冲撞
vi.& vt.有影响;冲击
9. vt.& n.损害,伤害,损坏,破坏
10. n.气候;倾向,风气
beneath
thus
impact
damage
climate
1.ecosystem n.
2.biodiversity n.
3.nut n.
4.lily n.
5.hardwood n.
6.mammal n.
阅读词汇
生态系统
生物多样性
坚果
百合(花)
阔叶树;硬材(阔叶树的木材)
哺乳动物
7.jaguar n.
8.frog n.
9.insect n.
10.microorganism n.
11.carbon n.
12.oxygen n.
13.cattle n.
美洲豹,美洲虎
蛙,青蛙
昆虫
微生物
碳
氧,氧气
牛
14.greenhouse n.
15.gas n.
16.drought n.
17.brochure n.
18.belt n.
19.medal n.
温室,暖房
气体;煤气;汽油
旱灾,久旱
小册子
地带,地区;腰带;传送带
奖章,勋章
拓展词汇
1. n.& vt.伤害,损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的
2. n.地区,区域;行政区→regional adj.地区的,区域的
3. n.大陆,陆地,洲→continental adj.大陆的,大洲的
4. n.长,长度;时间的长短;篇幅,(电影)片长→lengthen vt.& vi.(使)变长;延长→long adj.长的;长期的;长久的 v.渴望→lengthy adj.漫长的;(讲话、文章等)冗长的
harm
region
continent
length
5. n.不同种类;变化,多样性;变种,变体→vary vi.相异;改变;变化→
various adj.各种不同的,各种各样的
6. n.大量;团,块,堆;一大群 adj.大批的,广泛的→massive adj.非常严重的;大而重的
7. adj.高大的,高耸的;出色的→tower n.塔 v.高于,超过
8. adj.活着的,活的;在使用的 n.生计,谋生;生活方式→live v.住,居住;生存;活着 adj.活的;实况转播的;现场表演的→lively adj.活泼的
variety
mass
towering
living
9. vi.生存,存活 vt.幸存,幸免于难→survival n.生存;幸存→
survivor n.生还者,幸存者
10. n.营养素,营养物→nutrition n.营养→nutritional adj.营养(物)的→nutritious adj.有营养的;营养丰富的→nutritionist n.营养学家
11. vi.不复存在,灭绝,消亡;消失;失踪→disappearance n.消失→
appear vi.出现→appearance n.外表,外观;出现
12. n.农业,农学→agricultural adj.农业的
survive
nutrient
disappear
agriculture
13. n.灭绝,绝种→extinct adj.灭绝的,绝种的
14. adj.全球的;全面的→globe n.地球仪;地球,世界→globalisation n.全球化
15. n.应用,运用;申请→apply v.应用,运用;申请;涂抹,敷→
applicant n.申请人
16. n.组织,团体;组织工作;安排;条理→organize vt.组织→
organizer n.组织者
17. adv.绝对地,完全地;极其→absolute adj.绝对的,完全的
extinction
global
application
organization
absolutely
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.be home to　　　　　　　
2.a wide range of
3.judging from
4.a (huge) sea of
5.(be) alive with
6.play a significant role in
是……的家园
各种各样的
从……判断
大量的,大片的
充满,到处都是(活的或动的东西)
在……方面起重要作用
7.cross into
8.in length
9.in turn
10.break down
11.breathe life into
12.due to
穿过,横穿
在长度上
相应地,转而
使分解(为),使变化(成)
给……带来起色,注入活力
由于,因为
13.in danger of
14.build up
e up with
16.call for
处于危险之中
逐渐增加,扩大
想出,想到
(公开)要求;需要
重点句型
1.The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries,including Brazil and Peru,and one overseas region of France,
.(独立主格结构)
亚马孙雨林穿过包括巴西、秘鲁在内的八个国家,以及一块法国的海外领地,都位于南美洲大陆。
all on the South American
continent
2.With an area of around 6 million square kilometres,the Amazon rainforest is China.(倍数表达法)
亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米,比中国国土面积的一半还要大。
3.The Amazon River, ,is close to 6,400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.(“介词+which”引导非限制性定语从句)
亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河,亚马孙河长接近6 400千米,比长江还长约
100千米。
more than half the size of
from which the rainforest gets its name
4. on the dark forest floor.(完全倒装)
往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。
5. ,they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.(while引导让步状语从句)
尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存,但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。
Above that is the mass of leaf litter
While a significant number of jaguars survive here
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与自然——环境与环境保护。
2.语篇类型:纪录片脚本(说明文)。
3.课文内容分析:
本文围绕亚马孙雨林展开,包括亚马孙雨林的基本信息、动植物资源、生物多样性、对地球的重要作用,以及所面临的危险等。语篇通过对亚马孙雨林的相关介绍,让学生认识亚马孙雨林对于保持地球生态平衡的重要性;引导学生思考人类能否承担损害“地球之肺”的后果,由此让学生树立环保意识。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
significant
balance
plant species
1,300
has disappeared
extinction
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.What’s the main idea of the passage
[A]The Amazon rainforest is the largest rainforest in the world.
[B]The Amazon rainforest has the richest biodiversity on the Earth.
[C]The Amazon rainforest is a natural treasure on the Earth.
[D]The Amazon rainforest is known as the “lungs of the planet”.
C
(　　)2.What can be inferred from the third paragraph in the passage
[A]There are only 390,000 species of plants on the Earth.
[B]Different species of plants in the Amazon rainforest grow in different levels.
[C]At the bottom of the Amazon rainforest grow some bushes.
[D]The ancient brazil nut tree and the water lilies are living in the same level.
B
(　　)3.What’s the author’s purpose of using the example of “jaguars” in Paragraph 4
[A]To prove that some rare animals are still found in the rainforest.
[B]To show that they are only one element of this rainforest’s food chain.
[C]To explain how the food chain is formed.
[D]To warn readers to protect the animals from being damaged in the rainforest.
A
(　　)4.What is the purpose of this documentary script
[A]To advertise the Amazon rainforest.
[B]To persuade readers to protect wildlife.
[C]To popularise (科普) the Amazon rainforest.
[D]To call for our joint efforts to protect the Amazon rainforest.
D
(　　)5.What is the author’s attitude towards the Amazon rainforest
[A]Positive. [B]Negative.
[C]Objective. [D]Indifferent.
C
二次开发·深研课文
▲
The Amazon rainforest,1.　　 　　 is the largest rainforest in the world,plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem.It crosses into eight countries,2.　　 　　(include) Brazil and Peru,and one overseas region of France.This area has the 3.　　　　(rich) biodiversity on the Earth.Of the 390,000 plant species known to us,more than 40,000 can 4.　 　　　(find) in the Amazon.
which
including
richest
be found
The forest’s different levels support 5.　　　　 unbelievable variety of wildlife.Each level of the forest forms its own little world,home to different kinds of 6.　　　　(live) things.More than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle’s plant life.The Amazon rainforest breathes life 7.　　　　 the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen.Thus,it is often known as the “lungs of the planet”.
an
living
into
However,over the past 50 years,about 17 per cent of the rainforest
8.　　 　　(disappear) due to human activities.As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of 9.　　 　　(extinct) becomes longer,we are left with a question: can we afford 10.　 　　　(damage) the “lungs of the planet”
has disappeared
extinction
to damage
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.harm n.& vt.伤害,损害
·harmful adj.有害的
·harmless adj.无害的
[教材原句] The human race has done much harm.
人类已经造成了许多危害。
例　(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns.
科学家们仍在努力确定微塑料的危害程度——但他们所了解的情况已经引发了担忧。
例　Dumping garbage into the ocean can cause great harm to marine life.
向海洋倾倒垃圾会对海洋生物造成极大的危害。
do/cause sb/sth harm=do/cause harm to sb/sth
对……有害
例　(应用文写作之建议信)We should stop using plastic bags to avoid harming the environment.
我们应该停止使用塑料袋以避免危害环境。
归纳拓展
·do/cause sb/sth harm=do/cause harm to sb/sth 对……
有害
There is no harm in doing sth 做某事并无害处
·be harmful to...对……有害
[语境运用] 完成句子/一句多译
使用可重复使用的购物袋而不是塑料购物袋并无害处。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 reusable shopping bags instead of plastic ones.
There is no harm in using
(应用文写作之建议信)不可否认,大量砍伐树木在一定程度上破坏生态
平衡。
→There is no denying that cutting down trees in large numbers
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to a certain extent.(harm vt.)
→There is no denying that cutting down trees in large numbers
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 to a certain extent.(harm n.)
→There is no denying that cutting down trees in large numbers
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to a certain extent.(harmful)
harms the ecological balance
does/causes harm to the ecological balance
is harmful to the ecological balance
语
境
串
词
Not only can plastic waste cause great harm to the environment,but the chemicals it contains are also harmful to wildlife.So there’s no harm in using less plastic.
塑料垃圾不仅会对环境造成巨大的危害,而且它所含有的化学物质也对野生生物有害。所以少用塑料并无害处。
2.variety n.不同种类;变化,多样性;变种,变体
·vary vi.相异;改变;变化
·various adj.各种不同的,各种各样的
[教材原句] The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife.
雨林的不同层次使种类多到难以置信的野生动植物得以生存。
例　(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The reasons relate to a variety of factors,
including reduced concentration,an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
其原因与多种因素有关,包括注意力下降、娱乐心态以及在消费数字内容时倾向于多任务处理。
a variety of/varieties of+复数名词 各种各样的;不同种类的
例　For a variety of/varieties of/various reasons,he decided to quit his job.
由于种种原因,他决定辞职。
a variety of/varieties of+复数名词 各种各样的;不同种类的
归纳拓展
·a variety of/varieties of+复数名词 各种各样的;不同种类的
·vary in... 在……方面不同
vary with... 随……而变化
vary from...to.../vary between...and... 从……到……不等,
在……和……之间变化
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
The festival showed a wide 　　　 　(vary) in the forms of traditional culture presented.
We may have 　　　　(vary) ways to display traditional culture in such an event.
variety
various
(应用文写作之申请信)如果我被选为学校传统文化节的组织者,我将会组织各种各样的活动,从书法比赛到传统舞蹈表演不等。
→If I were elected as the organiser of the school’s traditional culture festival,I would organise various/a variety of/varieties of activities,
　.
(定语从句)
→If I were elected as the organiser of the school’s traditional culture festival,I would organise various/a variety of/varieties of activities
　.
(现在分词短语作后置定语)
which vary from calligraphy contests to traditional dance shows
varying from calligraphy contests to traditional dance shows
语
境
串
词
The ocean is home to a variety of/varieties of marine life.These species vary in size,from tiny plankton to giant whales.Their living habitats vary with water depth and temperature,creating a rich and diverse marine environment.
海洋是各种各样的海洋生物的家园。这些物种大小各异,从微小的浮游生物到巨大的鲸鱼。它们的生活栖息地随水深和温度而变化,形成了丰富多样的海洋环境。
3.survive vi.生存,存活 vt.幸存,幸免于难
·survival n.生存;幸存
·survivor n.生还者,幸存者
[教材原句] While a significant number of jaguars survive here,they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.
尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存,但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。
例　Some plants can survive in extremely dry conditions.
有些植物能在极其干燥的条件下生存。
例　(话题写作之景点介绍)The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete ancient city wall that has survived China’s long history.
西安城墙是中国漫长历史中保存最完整的古城墙。
归纳拓展
survive sth 幸免于……;从……中挺过来/活过来
survive on...依靠……生活
survive sb by...比某人多活……
survive from...从……中幸存下来;流传下来
温馨提示
survive作“幸存,幸免于难”讲时为及物动词,其后直接接宾语,不用介词in或from。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/语段填空
The traveller in the lonely island survived 　　　　 the fish caught in the sea.
The old lady has survived all her sisters and brothers 　　　　 ten years.
上星期汤姆在那场严重的车祸中幸存了下来。他是事故中唯一的幸存者。他很幸运有生存的机会。
Tom 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 last week.He was
of the accident.He was lucky to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
on
by
survived the terrible car crash
the only survivor
have a chance of survival
4.in turn 相应地,转而;轮流,依次
[教材原句] These frogs,in turn,feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit.
相应地,这些青蛙以昆虫为食,而昆虫则吃树叶和水果。
例　(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)I post my work on social media and,in turn,
have met some of the kindest people.
我在社交媒体上发布我的作品,并因此结识了一些最善良的人。
例　(应用文写作之建议信)Regular exercise can improve your physical condition,which in turn can improve your mental state.
经常锻炼能改善你的身体状况,这反过来又能改善你的精神状态。
归纳拓展
take turns (in doing sth/to do sth) 轮流(做某事)
by turns 轮流;交替
it’s one’s turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事
it turns/turned out that...结果是……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/写出下列句中in turn的中文释义
The students took 　　　　 (turn) to ask the teacher questions.
The two brothers took care of their sick mother 　　　　 turns.
My stomach was in knots when it was my turn 　　　　 (deliver) a speech.
There were cheers for each of the competitors as they spoke in turn.
　　　　　　
Increased production will,in turn,lead to increased profits.　　　　　　
All the theories originate from practice and in turn serve practice.　　　
turns
by
to deliver
轮流
相应地
转而
5.break down使分解(为),使变化(成);(机器或车辆)出故障;(谈判、计划等)失败;感情失控;(身体)垮掉
[教材原句] When a jaguar dies,a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.
当一只美洲豹死后,一小支微生物军队会助力其尸体的分解,让营养素重回土壤之中。
例　The teacher broke down the complex problem into several simple ones to help the students understand.
老师把这个复杂的问题分解成几个简单的问题来帮助学生们理解。
例　The washing machine broke down again,so I had to wash the clothes by hand.
洗衣机又坏了,所以我不得不手洗衣服。
例　(读后续写之情感描写)When she heard the bad news about her pet dog,she broke down and cried.
当她听到关于她宠物狗的坏消息时,她崩溃大哭起来。
归纳拓展
break in 破门而入;打断(谈话等)
break into 强行进入;突然开始(笑、欢呼等)
break away (from...) (从……)逃脱;脱离
break off 使折断;突然中止;中断(谈话等)
break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生,爆发
break up 粉碎,破碎;拆开,打散;(关系)破裂;(会议等)结束;解散
break up with sb 与某人分手/绝交
break through取得突破;取得新的重大发现
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
It’s very impolite of you to break 　　　　 while we’re talking.
His house 　　 　　 (break) into last night.
When the war broke 　　　　,he was only four.
The meeting broke 　　　　 at 16:30 yesterday.
Let’s break 　　　　 the project into smaller parts in order to deal with them one by one.
in
was broken
out
up
down
6.due to 由于,因为
[教材原句] Over the past 50 years,about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.
在过去的50年里,由于农耕和养牛等人类活动,约17%的雨林已经消失了。
例　(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Due to a big storm,my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half.
由于一场大风暴,我乘坐的航班延误了一个半小时。
例　(话题写作之活动安排)The activity is due to be held in the lecture hall at 9 a.m.next Saturday.
活动定于下个星期六上午9点在报告厅举行。
be due to do sth 预期/预定做某事
归纳拓展
due adj.到期的,预期的;应有的,应得的;应付的,应给的;
适当的
be due to do sth 预期/预定做某事
be due to sb 应支付/应给予/应归于某人
be due for sth 预定做某事;应得到某物
温馨提示
表示“由于”的词组还有owing to、because of、as a result of、thanks to、on account of等。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The new law is due 　　　　 (come) into effect next year,which will severely punish those who hunt wild animals illegally.
The discovery of the new treatment is due 　　　　 the dedicated researchers.
公司因为管理不善而遭受了巨大损失。
The company suffered great losses
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
to come
to
due to/owing to/as a result
of poor management
7.come up with 想出,想到
[教材原句] All of them come up with creative ideas on how to solve these problems.
他们所有人都对如何解决这些问题提出了创造性的想法。
例　The team came up with a solution to the problem after hours of discussion.
经过几个小时的讨论,该团队想出了一个解决这个问题的办法。
例　He came up with some interesting points in the meeting.
他在会议上提出了一些有趣的观点。
归纳拓展
come up 发生;出席;被提到,被提及
come across 偶遇;偶然发现;被理解,被弄懂
come about 发生,产生
come after 追赶;追随;追逐
come around 恢复知觉,苏醒(=come to)
come back 恢复记忆,回想起(to sb);回到(主题、想法等)上来(to sth)
come out 出现;(消息等)被获知,被公布;出版;结果是
come through 安然渡过(难关等),(消息等)传来
come to sb 某人突然想起
come to sth 达到(状态/数量/水平等)
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
It suddenly came 　　　　 her that she could have another choice.
Can you tell me how the accident came 　　　　
It was a mercy that she was able to come 　　　　 that risky operation.
The rare issue came 　　　　 at the meeting yesterday,making us fairly confused.
He spoke for a long time but none of his points seemed to come 　　　　.
His book on English learning will come 　　　　 next month.
to
about
through
up
across
out
8.call for (公开)要求;呼吁;需要;去接(某人)
[教材原句] Some call for the application of modern technology,and others a change of lifestyle.
一些人要求应用现代技术,另一些人要求改变生活方式。
例　(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives.
在他们的新书《运动:如何夺回我们的街道并改变我们的生活》中,他们呼吁重新审视我们的街道以及这些街道在我们生活中的作用。
例　It is a situation that calls for both patience and persistence.
这种情况下既需要耐心又需要毅力。
归纳拓展
call up 打电话给……;使想起;征召(入伍)
call on/upon 拜访(某人);号召(call on/upon sb to do sth)
call at 拜访(某地);短暂停留(某地)
call out 大声喊,呼唤;召唤出动
call off 取消,下令停止
[语境运用] 用call相关短语的适当形式完成句子
The game 　　　　　　　　 because of the bad weather.
The familiar smell of the delicious dishes made her 　　　　　 memories of childhood.
He made a speech at a UN conference 　　　　　　　　 the world to help his country.
He heard the gentleman 　　　　　　　　 warningly,“Be careful!”.
The task should 　　　　　　　　 a lot of courage and determination.
was called off
call up
to call on
call out
call for
9.application n.应用,运用;申请;涂抹
·apply v.应用,运用;申请;涂抹,敷
·applicant n.申请人
[教材原句] Some call for the application of modern technology,and others a change of lifestyle.
一些人要求应用现代技术,另一些人要求改变生活方式。
例　The application of artificial intelligence in healthcare is changing the way we diagnose diseases.
人工智能在医疗保健领域的应用正在改变我们诊断疾病的方式。
例　(应用文写作之建议信)We should apply new technologies to reduce environmental pollution.
我们应该应用新技术来减少环境污染。
归纳拓展
apply (to sb) for sth (向某人)申请某物
apply to do sth申请做某事
apply to适用于
apply...to...把……应用/涂抹于……
apply oneself to (doing) sth 致力于/集中精力于(做)某事
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
He has applied to the school 　　 scholarship and his 　 　　　 (apply) is under discussion.
They will apply 　　　　 (carry) out a project that aims to reduce plastic waste in the ocean.
(读后续写之动作描写)她轻轻地把药涂抹到膝盖的伤口上,在均匀涂抹时微微皱眉。
She gently 　　　　　　　　　　 　　 the wound on her knee,frowning slightly as she spread it evenly.
for
application
to carry
applied the medicine to
去年,她致力于推动环境教育,希望提高人们的环保意识。
Last year,she 　　　 　　　　　 　　　　 environmental education,
hoping to raise people’s awareness of protecting the environment.
applied herself to promoting
语
境
串
词
I am writing this letter to apply to be a volunteer of this environmental protection volunteer project.I’m eager to apply my knowledge of waste recycling to practical work.I’ll apply myself to promoting environmental protection.Hope to be an applicant you need.
我写这封信是为了申请成为这个环保志愿者项目的志愿者。我渴望把我所学的废物回收知识运用到实际工作中。我将致力于促进环境保护。希望能成为你们需要的申请人。
重点句式
倍数表达法
▲
[教材原句] With an area of around 6 million square kilometres,the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.
亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米,比中国国土面积的一半还要大。
例　(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Covering an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park,the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
覆盖面积大约是黄石国家公园的三倍大小,GPNP 将是该国首批国家公园之一。
A+be+倍数+the+名词(size/weight/length/
height/depth/...)+of+B
例　(2022·全国乙卷)It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar,putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
据信,如今的儿童和青少年摄入的糖分是推荐水平的三倍,这使他们面临更高的患病风险。
A+be+倍数+the+名词(size/weight/length/
height/depth/...)+of+B
归纳拓展
常见的倍数表达法有以下几种:
·A+be+倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B
·A+be+倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than+B
·A+be+倍数+the+名词(size/weight/length/height/depth/...)+
of+B
·A+be+倍数+what从句
温馨提示
表达“两倍”时用twice或double,三倍或三倍以上时则用“基数词+times”来表达。表示倍数也可用分数、百分数、half等其他程度状语。
[语境运用] 一句多译
正在建的新体育馆将是操场的三倍大。
→The new stadium being built will be 　the playground.(than)
→The new stadium being built will be 　the playground.(as)
→The new stadium being built will be 　the playground.(size)
three times bigger than
three times as big as
three times the size of
while引导让步状语从句
▲
[教材原句] While a significant number of jaguars survive here,they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.
尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存,但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。
例　(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey,Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
虽然农贸市场是缩短行程的可靠选择,但巴比伦微型农场(BMF)缩短的距离更多。
例　(2023·全国乙卷)They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
他们在等待日落的时候感到很紧张。
归纳拓展
while充当连词用法小结:
·引导让步状语从句,意为“尽管,虽然”,相当于although/though,多用于句首;
·引导时间状语从句,意为“在……期间;当……的时候”,从句中的谓语动词通常是延续性动词或表示状态的词;
·作并列连词,意为“而,然而”,表前后意义上的对比或转折;
·引导条件状语从句,意为“只要”,相当于as long as。
[语境运用] 完成句子
只要我们紧密地团结一致,就一定能克服这些困难。
We can surely overcome these difficulties　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我喜欢中国山水画,而你更喜欢西方油画。
I like Chinese landscape painting,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
while we are closely united
while you prefer Western oil painting　
尽管我们不能预测未来会发生什么,但是我们可以用决心和爱指引自己。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　,we can guide ourselves with determination and love.
(话题写作之活动介绍)参观展览的时候,我们不仅能欣赏到民间艺术品,还能学到很多。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,we can not only enjoy the folk artworks but also learn a lot.
While we can’t predict what will happen in the future
While (we are) visiting the exhibition
语法微专题1
省略
语法原句再现
No,I didn’t (watch the documentary about environmental protection on TV yesterday).
You can watch it online if you want to (watch it).
I felt worried when (I was) watching the documentary.
Some call for the application of modern technology,and others (call for) a change of lifestyle.
(Have you) Got any ideas
(It/That) Sounds great!
请注意上面句子中的黑体部分,判断它们分别是什么句型中的省略。
语法知识点拨
为了避免重复或为了使句子更简练,在一些句子中常常省去某一个或某几个成分,这种语法现象在英语中叫作省略。在英语句子中,常见的省略情况有以下几种。
一、简单句中的省略
1.在非正式场合,如果语境清晰,常省略主语或主语和谓语的一部分。
(It) Sounds like a good idea.
听起来是个好主意。
(Have you) Heard anything about Bob lately
最近(你)听说过鲍勃的事情吗
2.在简短对话中,答语常保留主语和助动词,省略其后主要动词以及上一句出现过的其他内容。
—Are you ready
—Yes,I am (ready).
——你准备好了吗
——是的,我准备好了。
[语境运用] 写出下列句子中的省略部分
Do be careful!(　　　　)
—What is your favourite subject
—English.(　　　　)
—Do you know Tom
—No,I don’t.( 　　　　)
Have a drink ( 　　　　)
You
It is
know him
Will you
二、并列句中的省略
1.省略共同的主语或宾语。
Tom picked up the book from the floor and (Tom) handed it to his brother.
汤姆从地板上捡起书并把它递给了他的哥哥。
2.若主语与谓语动词相同,则省略后面分句的主语和谓语。
His performance made us amused,but (his performance made) himself tired.
他的表演让我们高兴,但是使他自己很累。
3.若主语不同而谓语的助动词、情态动词相同,则省略后面分句的助动词和情态动词。
Tom must have been playing football at that time,and his sister (must have been) playing the piano.
汤姆那时一定在踢足球,而且他的妹妹一定在弹钢琴。
[语境运用] 用省略句完成句子
有些学生喜欢打篮球,有些则不喜欢。
Some students like playing basketball,while some 　　　　.
我在学校当老师,我的弟弟在银行工作。
I work in a school as a teacher and my brother 　　　　　　　.
don’t
in a bank
三、复合句中的省略
1.状语从句的省略。
(1)在when、while、whenever、till、as soon as、if、unless、once、as long as、even if/though、though、although、as if/though等引导的时间、条件、让步、比较、方式等状语从句中,若谓语含有be动词,且从句的主语与主句的主语相同(或从句主语是it)时,则省略从句中的主语和be动词。
He will not attend the party unless (he is) invited.
除非被邀请,否则他不会参加这个宴会。
If (it is) convenient,call me and have a chat with me.
如果方便,就给我打电话,和我聊一下。
(2)虚拟条件句中若含有were、had、should,常省略if,将were、had、should提前构成部分倒装。
Were I you (相当于If I were you),I would accept the chance to work in that company.
如果我是你,我会接受在那个公司工作的机会。
2.宾语从句的省略。
(1)由特殊疑问词which、when、where及why引导的宾语从句,若从句中所表达的内容与主句内容重复,可将其省略,仅保留疑问词。
He was late for work again,and no one knew why (he was late for work again).
他又一次上班迟到了,没有人知道为什么。
(2)that引导的宾语从句作动词的宾语时,可省略引导词that;若两个或两个以上的that引导的宾语从句作动词的宾语,只能省略第一个引导词that。
Joe said (that) he would come and that he would arrive at 5:00 p.m.
乔说过他要来以及他下午5点会到。
(3)在与suggest、request、order、advise等词有关的名词性从句中,从句谓语动词应用虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
I suggested that we (should) hold a meeting tonight.
我建议我们今晚开个会。
(4)在用“I’m afraid...”“I think...”“I believe...”“I hope...”“I guess...”等作答句时,其后常跟省略形式。so表示赞同前述的事实,not表示不赞同前述的事实。
—We will have to work extra hours to finish the work.
——我们将不得不加班来完成这份工作。
—I’m afraid so (相当于I’m afraid we will have to work extra hours to finish the work).
——恐怕是这样。
3.定语从句的省略。
(1)在限制性定语从句中,作宾语用的关系代词who、whom、which、that可省略。
He handed the book (that/which) he bought yesterday to me.
他把昨天买的那本书递给了我。
(2)way作先行词,且定语从句中缺少方式状语时,引导从句的关系词可省略。
We don’t like the way (in which/that) he treats his mother.
我们不喜欢他对待他妈妈的方式。
(3)在由“the same...as...”与such as引导的某些定语从句中,也可省略与主句相同的部分。
The price is the same as (the price was) yesterday.
今天的价格与昨天的相同。
(4)定语从句中的“关系代词+助动词be”可以省略。
The ticket (that/which was) booked by his sister has been sent to him.
他妹妹预订的那张票已经寄给他了。
[语境运用] 翻译句子
有可能的话,周末我会去看望您。
I’ll pay a visit to you at the weekend if possible.
如果我是你,我会带一束花或者一瓶酒去参加他的生日聚会。
Were I you,I would bring a bunch of flowers or a bottle of wine to attend his birthday party.
我们老师建议我们大声地朗读英语。
Our teacher suggests that we read English aloud.
四、动词不定式中的省略
动词不定式中的省略现象可分为两种情况:一是动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的省略;二是动词不定式符号to的省略。
1.动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的省略。
(1)答语中的有些动词(短语)后跟不定式作宾语时,可将其动词省略,而保留to,这样的动词(短语)常见的有want、wish、expect、hope、would like/love、like、love、try、forget、prefer、mean、be going to、be about to、be supposed to等。
—Will you go with me
——你要和我一起去吗
—Yes,I’d like to (go with you).
——是的,我想。
温馨提示
如果作宾语的不定式是be动词或完成时态,则需在to之后加上be或have。
—Are you a doctor
——你是医生吗
—No,but I want to be (a doctor).
——不,但我希望是。
—He hasn’t finished his homework.
——他还没有完成家庭作业。
—He ought to have (finished his homework).
——他本应该完成的。
(2)动词不定式作宾语补足语时,省略to后的动词部分,即用to代替整个不定式。
You’d better finish the job on time if he ordered you to (finish the job on time).
你最好按时完成工作,如果他是这么要求你的。
(3)不定式在形容词able、anxious、eager、glad、happy、ready、willing等之后作状语时,省略动词部分。
You can’t force him to live in another city if he’s not ready to (live in another city).
如果他还没有准备好去另一个城市生活,你就不能强迫他去。
(4)不定式跟在be able to、be going to、have to、ought to、used to等后,一起作复合谓语时,省略动词部分。
He doesn’t like fish but he used to (like fish).
他不喜欢吃鱼,但是以前他喜欢。
2.动词不定式符号to的省略。
(1)感官动词feel、see、notice、watch、find、hear、listen to、observe等和使役动词have、make、let等后面作宾语补足语的不定式要省略to (help后的to可带可不带)。
I saw a boy fall down from the tree.
我看见一个男孩从树上掉下来了。
温馨提示
这些结构在被动语态中,动词不定式符号to保留(let除外)。
We often hear him sing the song at home.
→He is often heard to sing the song at home.
我们经常听到他在家唱这首歌。
(2)当不定式作表语时,如果主语部分出现动词do的任何形式,则不定式中的to常可省略。
What he wants to do is go home.
他想做的就是回家。
(3)介词but,except (除了) 前面有动词do,后面的不定式可省略to。
He can do nothing but lie down and sleep.
除了躺下睡觉,他什么也做不了。
(4)两个或者两个以上的动词不定式由连词and、but、than、or等连接时,从第二个动词不定式起,往往省略不定式符号to。
His job is to take care of the elderly and wash their clothes.
他的工作是照顾老年人并清洗他们的衣物。
温馨提示
如果两个不定式表示对比关系,则to都不能省略。
To be for the plan or to be against it doesn’t matter.
赞成或反对这项计划都不重要。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
She was made 　　　　 (finish) the task by herself.
He was often seen 　　　 　 (go) to the supermarket to do some shopping.
We could do nothing but 　　　　 (work) hard to realise our dreams.
to finish
to go
work
真题赏析
1.(2025·浙江1月卷改编)Established matrix gardens should not need the life support 　 　　　 we give most gardens: fertilizer,dividing,regular watering.
【解析】 考查定语从句的省略。分析句子结构可知,设空处是省略了关系代词that或which引导的定语从句,修饰先行词support,在从句中作give的宾语。故填that/which。
that/which
2.(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)We’ll explore beautiful park sites while
　　 　 　 (conduct) invasive (侵入的) plant removal,winter planting,
and seed collection.
【解析】 考查状语从句的省略。分析句子结构可知,while引导的时间状语从句中省略了主语we和be动词are。故填conducting。
conducting
3.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)It’s these small acts of kindness that make a new country 　　　　 (feel) like home.
【解析】 考查动词不定式的省略。分析句子结构可知,make后作宾语补足语的不定式需省略to,此处省略了feel前的to。故填feel。
feel
4.(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when 　　 　　 (cover) the same material
【解析】 考查状语从句的省略。分析句子结构可知,when引导的时间状语从句中省略了主语you或we和be动词are。故填covering。
covering
5.(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat 　　　　 necessary.
【解析】 考查状语从句的省略。“Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary”意为“如果有必要,带上应对多变天气的衣物和一件雨衣”,if necessary是一个常用的省略短语,表示“如果有必要”。故填if。
if
6.(2023·浙江1月卷)It seemed that the bird was waiting for me,its beady eyes locked on mine as if 　　　　 (try) to convey some deep,unspoken gratitude.
【解析】 考查状语从句的省略。分析句子结构可知,as if引导的方式状语从句中省略了主语it和be动词were。故填trying。
trying
7.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)From a classic viewpoint,enjoy Lower Falls,the Yellowstone River,and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while
　 　　　(learn) about the area’s natural and human history.
【解析】 考查状语从句的省略。分析句子结构可知,while引导的时间状语从句中省略了主语you和be动词are。故填learning。
learning
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.改写句子(使用省略手段避免下面各句重复与冗赘)
1.Someone has used my mobile phone,but I don’t know who has used it.
Someone has used my mobile phone,but I don’t know who.
John worked hard but his brother did not.
2.John worked hard but his brother did not work hard.
3.Mother can take a rest,Mother should take a rest but Mother won’t take a rest after long hours of work.
Mother can take a rest,Mother should but Mother won’t after long hours of work.
My parents encouraged me to study abroad,but I didn’t want to.
4.My parents encouraged me to study abroad,but I didn’t want to study abroad.
5.Whether she is sick or well,she is always cheerful.
Whether sick or well,she is always cheerful.
If necessary,we will finish it ahead of time.
6.If it is necessary,we will finish it ahead of time.
7.Give me your name and address,please.
Your name and address,please.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.过马路时,你一定要当心。
　　　　　　　　 the street,you must be careful.
2.如果有必要,你可以步行去上学。
　　　　　　　　,you can go to school on foot.
3.正如所料想的那样,一切进展顺利。
　　　　　　　　,everything goes smoothly.
While crossing
If necessary
As expected
4.如果对这个活动感兴趣,你可以在星期五之前报名。
　　　　　　　　 in the activity,you can sign up before Friday.
5.他们的加薪要求将在明天的会议上进行讨论。
Their request that the pay 　　　　　　　　 will be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting.
6.据说有人会来帮助我们解决这个问题,但我们并不知道是谁。
It is said that someone will come to help us solve the problem,but
　　　　　　　　　　　　.
If interested
be raised
we don’t know who
7.活动中,导游热情详细地讲解了每一幅作品,并向我们介绍了我们最欣赏的中国著名画家,如徐悲鸿、齐白石等。
In the activity,the guide enthusiastically explained each work in detail and introduced to us the famous Chinese painters 　　　　　　　　　　,such as Xu Beihong,Qi Baishi and so on.
we admire most(共38张PPT)
Unit 1　话题提升训练2
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题;每题2.5分,共20分)
A
China has planted millions of trees in its north over the past two decades as part of its fight against expanding deserts.
The effort paid off.Around the year 2000,deserts across the country were still expanding by 10,400 km2 a year.But in 2017,the State Forestry Administration reported that China’s deserts were decreasing by more than 2,400 km2 a year.The achievement was confirmed by a 2018 study from the Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Sciences in Paris.
“In 1999,the Chinese government began planting millions of trees in its Grain-for-Green Programme.It was intended to repair damaged farmland in the northern Loess Plateau,which is roughly the size of France,” says Philippe Ciais,a climate researcher at the laboratory.“I was there a few months ago,and it is indeed amazing that once bare landscapes are now almost fully covered by plants.”
And China is doubling its effort and has announced a target of 30% forest coverage by 2050.From 2014 to 2022,the coverage is 23%.
“The growth of forests is significant and necessary progress in the fight against desertification,” says Jianping Huang,a climate researcher at Lanzhou University.“But it’s still too early to determine whether it has solved the problem.In the northwest of China,researchers have found that many of the plant species introduced to the Loess Plateau use more water than native vegetation.A 2016 study found that the restored ecosystem was already using too much rainfall and reducing the amount of water that runs off to rivers.It could lead to water shortages for humans.”
Considering water shortages are important,the national forestry department has recognised the error of planting trees in dry areas.In recent years,it has worked more closely with researchers and communities to find ways to seed less-thirsty plants that have economic value.These include plants used in traditional Chinese medicine,which farmers can harvest and sell.
“All programmes need to take local conditions into account,” the forestry department said.“Our efforts should go towards keeping vegetation healthy,rather than simply planting trees.”
【语篇导读】 本文是新闻报道。文章讲述了中国在治沙工作、“退耕还林”方面的成果、目标与教训。
(　　)1.What is the second paragraph mainly about
[A]The effort of planting trees.
[B]The worsening desertification.
[C]The hard fight against expanding deserts.
[D]The result of the Grain-for-Green Programme.
D
【解析】 段落大意题。根据第二段中的“The effort paid off.”和“The achievement was confirmed by a 2018...in Paris.”可知,本段主要是讲治沙工作所取得的成果。故选D。
(　　)2.What is China’s target for forest coverage by 2050
[A]30%. [B]22%.
[C]44%. [D]52%.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“And China is doubling... coverage by 2050.”可知,中国到2050年森林覆盖率的目标是30%。故选A。
(　　)3.What is Jianping Huang concerned about
[A]The rapid growth of the foreign species.
[B]The fast loss of native plants and trees.
[C]The war for water between trees and humans.
[D]The quickly declining rainfall in the dry areas.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“A 2016 study found that...water shortages for humans.”可知,防沙林消耗了太多的地表水,可能会和人类争夺水资源。故选C。
(　　)4.What has the forestry department learnt from the tree-planting effort
[A]To put economic value first.
[B]To base its decisions on local conditions.
[C]To consider the income of all parties.
[D]To wait for complete scientific evidence.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知,治沙项目的成功与否最终取决于该项目是否符合当地的实际情况。这是当地林业部门在实施“退耕还林”项目过程中所吸取的教训。故选B。
B
The endangered pandas in the Qinling Mountains might face a new threat—the loss of their food,bamboo,which makes up 99% of their meals.
Adult pandas spend most part of the day eating bamboo and have to take in at least 40 pounds a day to stay healthy.However,a new study warned that they may soon find their food gone because most of the bamboo in the Qinling Mountains might disappear by the end of the century as a result of rising temperature worldwide.
A team made up of researchers from Michigan State University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences has studied the effects of climate change on the bamboo in the Qinling Mountains.They have found that bamboo is very sensitive to climate changes.“80% to 100% of the bamboo would be gone if the average temperature rises 3.5 degrees worldwide by the end of the century,” said Liu Jianguo,one of the report’s authors.
He added,“This is how much the temperature would rise by 2100 even if all countries will keep their promises in the Paris Agreement.But you know what is happening all around the world.”
In recent years,China has been trying its best to protect the endangered pandas by setting up more and bigger nature reserves.
“But it is far from enough and the endangered pandas need cooperation from the rest of the world,because their future is not just in the hands of the Chinese,” said Shirley Martin from the World Wide Fund for Nature but not a member of the team.
The Qinling Mountains are home to about 345 pandas in 2021.That is about 18.5% of China’s wild panda population.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章讲述了生活在秦岭一带的大熊猫将面临一个新的生存危机:它们赖以生存的竹子会因为全球温度升高而消失。
(　　)5.How many wild pandas are there in China
[A]About 260.
[B]About 635.
[C]About 2,635.
[D]About 1,864.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。从最后一段可知,秦岭是约345只大熊猫的家园。这大约相当于中国野生大熊猫总数的18.5%,345÷0.185≈1 864,所以中国野生大熊猫总数约为1 864只。故选D。
(　　)6.What does Liu Jianguo mean in Paragraph 4
[A]China needs more help from the World Wide Fund for Nature.
[B]It is difficult to control the temperature rise within 3.5℃.
[C]Bamboo is sensitive to the changes of temperature.
[D]China is making great efforts to protect the pandas.
B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句以及第四段可知,即使所有国家信守承诺,但到2100年,全球气温可能也将上升3.5℃,因此很难把温度升高范围控制在3.5℃以内。故选B。
(　　)7.What can we learn from the first paragraph
[A]The Qinling Mountains can provide enough bamboo for the pandas.
[B]Pandas in the Qinling Mountains are only threatened by the loss of food.
[C]Lots of the bamboo in the Qinling Mountains will probably disappear.
[D]Pandas have already eaten 99% of the bamboo in the Qinling Mountains.
C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知,大熊猫赖以生存的竹子可能会消失。故选C。
(　　)8.Which can be a suitable title for the text
[A]The Disappearance of Bamboo
[B]Necessity to Change Pandas’ Food
[C]A New Threat Faced by Pandas
[D]Efforts Made to Save Pandas
C
【解析】 标题归纳题。根据第一段以及全文内容可知,文章开篇就表明主题,即大熊猫面临着新的威胁,它们赖以生存的竹子可能会消失。全文也是围绕这个主题展开,因此C项适合作为文章标题。故选C。
Ⅱ.读后续写(25分)
　　阅读下面的材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段话,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
　　It was one hot afternoon.As a cultural festival would be held in school,all the students were making preparations for it.Holden and his classmate Andrew were going to paint some flowers on a wall.They had to carry the necessary tools to the wall first.However,when they were walking across the basketball court,Holden dropped two paint cans by accident.
The paint in them flew onto the floor and made it very dirty.He was shocked to see the mess he had made on the floor.
“Come on,Holden! Let’s go!Let’s go!” Andrew said anxiously.They picked up the cans and ran away.Holden thought it was lucky that no one discovered what he had done.An hour later,he passed by the basketball court alone and saw the school’s old cleaner Flex was cleaning the paint up.And he heard the principal (校长) talking with the cleaner.
“We have a meeting here tomorrow.This needs to be cleaned up immediately!” the principal told the poor old man,who was hanging his head and trying hard to clean up the mess.However,the paint was oil-based,
and a large area of the floor was covered with paint; cleaning it was clearly a very difficult task.
But Flex replied he’d make sure that it was ready for the next day and kept cleaning,with sweat (汗) flowing down his face.Before he left,the principal reminded Flex,“By the way,please don’t forget to cut the grass around the basketball court today.”
Holden felt terrible while watching the old man trying to make up for his mistake.But he decided to turn a blind eye to it.However,on his way home,the picture of the old man struggling to deal with his mess kept coming to his mind.It made him so regretful.
When he returned home,Holden decided that he needed to be responsible for his own mistake.He quickly put down his schoolbag and told his mother that he needed to go back to school.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Paragraph 1:
　　Before his mum asked him the reason,Holden had already left.
Paragraph 2:
　　Then Holden told Flex,“Let me help you cut the grass in return for your help!”
[情节构建]
情节线 情感线
速读文章定要素 Who Holden and his classmate Andrew,along with the school’s old cleaner Flex and the principal
When On one hot afternoon
Where At the school basketball court
What Holden dropped two paint cans by accident and made a mess on the floor.Flex tried to clean it up,but it was difficult.Holden felt regretful and decided to be responsible for his own mistake.
震惊
庆幸
难受
后悔
满足
高兴
明确冲突定 主题 Conflict & Clue Conflict:Holden made a mistake and he struggled with whether to take responsibility for it. Clue:①...cleaning it was clearly a very difficult task.②Before he left,the principal reminded Flex,“By the way,please don’t forget to cut the grass around the basketball court today.”③However,on his way home, the picture of the old man struggling to deal with his mess kept coming to his mind.
Theme Holden decided to take responsibility for his own mistake and make amendments.
震惊
庆幸
难受
后悔
满足
高兴
预设问题定走向 Para.1 Before his mum asked him the reason,Holden had already left. Q1: Why did Holden go back to school Q2:What would he do and say to the old man Q3:How did he deal with the paint
Para.2 Then Holden told Flex,“Let me help you cut the grass in return for your help!” Q1:What did Flex respond to him Q2:How did they do with the grass Q3:What lesson did Holden learn from it
震惊
庆幸
难受
后悔
满足
高兴(共13张PPT)
Unit 1　读后续写专题练
(分值:25分)
The class was over.Karl was delighted that he had created a very satisfying work.So he walked to the back of the classroom to put his work away carefully.There,lying on the carpet in front of the classroom bookcase,was a golden ticket! Karl picked it up.His heart beat faster when he saw that the name line was blank (空白的).He couldn’t believe his luck!
The boys and girls in Karl’s class could earn golden tickets by doing well in their study or by being extra helpful or kind.Once a week their teacher drew a ticket out of a box on her desk and let the winner choose a prize.
Today was the golden ticket drawing,and here was another ticket,just for him! Karl looked around.No one else was near the ticket.All his classmates were at their desks,laughing and talking with each other.Miss Evans was engaged in grading the papers collected earlier in the morning.
Karl decided to write his name on the blank line.Then he could put it into the prize box with the six tickets he’d already earned.With so many chances,one of his tickets would most likely be picked! Then he could choose the pink toy pig for his sister’s birthday,just like he had been hoping.
He smiled and reached for the pencil in his pocket.Suddenly his fingers stopped.There was a strange feeling in his chest,and it wasn’t his heartbeat.
“Finders are keepers,right ” he wondered.He looked out of the window and tried to figure it out.On the one hand,he did find the ticket,but he hadn’t earned it.Somebody must have lost it.But on the other hand,he did need this extra ticket for his great plan!
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Paragraph 1:
　　Karl looked at the blank name line for a moment.
Paragraph 2:
　　“Karl,I intend to give you another ticket!” Miss Evans said.
[情节构建]
情节线 情感线
速读文章定要素 Who Karl,Miss Evans
When After the class was over
Where In the back of the classroom
What He found a ticket with the name line blank.
惊讶
高兴
犹豫
困惑
自豪
明确冲突定主题 Conflict & Clue Conflict:He smiled and reached for the pencil in his pocket.Suddenly his fingers stopped. Clue: There was a strange feeling in his chest,and it wasn’t his heartbeat.
Theme Karl was given another ticket because of his honesty.
惊讶
高兴
犹豫
困惑
自豪
预设问题定走向 Para.1 Karl looked at the blank name line for a moment. Q1:Did it affect his great plan if he got the ticket with the name line blank Q2:What would he do then Q3:What would his teacher do
Para.2 “Karl,I intend to give you another ticket!” Miss Evans said. Q1:How would Karl feel Q2:What would Miss Evans say next Q3:How did Karl feel after hearing his teacher’s words
惊讶
高兴
犹豫
困惑
自豪(共96张PPT)
Integrated skills,Extended reading,
Project,Assessment,Further study
Part 2
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1. 　　　　 n.形象;图像;意象
2. vt.& vi.跟踪,追踪
n.足迹,踪迹;小道;轨道;跑道;路线
3. adv.无处,哪里都不
4. n.首领,最高领导人
adj.主要的;首席的
5. n.雾霾,烟雾
写作词汇
image
track
nowhere
chief
smog
6. vi.反对,抗议
vt.反对;坚持声称,申辩
n.抗议,反对
7. adj.各种不同的,各种各样的
8. n.过程,进程;步骤,流程
vt.加工,处理
9. n.贫穷,贫困;贫乏
protest
various
process
poverty
1.shark n.
2.whale n.
3.deer n.(pl.deer)
4.habitat n.
5.dolphin n.
6.resident n.
阅读词汇
鲨鱼
鲸
鹿
生活环境,栖息地
海豚
居民,住户
7.committee n.
8.policy n.
9.branch n.
10.strategy n.
11.subway n.
12.former adj.
委员会
政策,方针;原则
(政府或机构)部门;分部;树枝;支流;分支
策略,行动计划;策划,部署
地铁;地下人行道
昔日的,前任的;以前的,从前的
拓展词汇
1. adv.完全地,全部地,完整地→entire adj.完全的,全部的
2. n.利润,收益;好处 vi.& vt.获益,得到好处→profitable adj.有利润的;赢利的;有好处的
3. (AmE ) n.辩护;防御,保护;防御物;国防;防守→defend vt.辩解,辩护;防御,保护,保卫→defensive adj.防御的,保护的,保卫的
entirely
profit
defence
defense
4. adj.经济的,经济上的;可赚钱的→economical adj.经济的,实惠的;节约的→economy n.经济→economist n.经济学家→economics n.经济学
5. vt.回收利用,再利用→recyclable adj.可再循环的;可回收利用的→recycling n.回收利用
6. n.官员,要员 adj.公务的;正式的,官方的→officially adv.官方地;正式地→office n.办公室;重要官职;重要职务→officer n.官员;军官;警察
economic
recycle
official
7. vt.污染;毒死,毒害 n.毒物,毒药→poisonous adj.有毒的
8. n.化学制品 adj.化学的;化学作用的→chemistry n.化学→
chemist n.化学家;药剂师
9. n.结果,后果;重要性→consequent adj.随之发生的;作为结果的→consequently adv.因此,结果
10. adj.更多的,更进一步的 adv.较远,更远;进一步 vt.促进,增进→
far adj.& adv.远的/地→furthest/farthest adj.& adv.最远的/地
poison
chemical
consequence
further
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.spring to mind　　　　　　
2.have a great impact on
3.bring...close to extinction
4.put...in danger
5.get rid of
突然记起(或想到)
对……有重大影响
使……濒临灭绝
使……处于危险之中
摆脱,丢弃,扔掉
6.tend to do sth
7.connect...with...
8.in defence of
9.point out
10.speak for
11.aim for
12.give rise to
往往会做某事
把……与……联系起来
为……作解释或辩护
指出
代表……发言
以……为目标;力争达到
使发生(或存在)
重点句型
1.As the human population continues to grow,
.(so引导倒装句)
随着人口的持续增长,我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。
so does the effect we have
on animals
2. ,a local resident; Vincent Brown,senior manager of a local factory; and Julie Archer,chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee.(完全倒装)
今晚来到我们演播室的有本地居民詹姆斯·史密斯、本地一家工厂的高管文森特·布朗,还有诺盖特环境保护委员会的负责人朱莉·阿彻。
Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith
3. ,the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem.(with复合结构)
鉴于污染程度不断加重,诺盖特环境保护委员会正在设法应对这个问题。
4. while we aim for economic development.(it作形式主语)
在追求经济发展的同时保护环境,这是我们的责任。
With pollution levels on the rise
It’s our duty to protect the environment
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与自然——环境与环境保护。
2.语篇类型:电视访谈节目脚本。
3.课文内容分析:
本文的话题是虚拟城市诺盖特的污染问题。三个嘉宾被邀请参加一个电视节目,分别发表对发展经济和保护环境之间关系的看法。语篇中提到了经济发展与环境保护这一对矛盾体,其实这是现代社会中的一个现实问题。如何正确处理这对矛盾,在确保经济高速发展、社会进步的同时,还能保证自然环境免遭破坏,这是全人类共同面临的问题。在教学过程中,教师要引导学生站在人类命运共同体的视角去思考可持续发展的问题。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
costs
different
for
measures
benefits
quality
recycle
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.Where is the passage probably taken from
[A]A TV interview programme on pollution.
[B]A magazine about environmental pollution.
[C]A newspaper about investigation experiments.
[D]A travel journal about Norgate.
A
(　　)2.What can be concluded from the passage
[A]All the local residents protested against heavy industry.
[B]Factory managers are irresponsible businessmen.
[C]Most factories try their best to reduce the pollution while they make profits.
[D]Fighting pollution is just a task for factories and government departments.
C
(　　)3.What’s the main idea of the passage
[A]The local people are all against environmental pollution.
[B]The advantages of opening a factory outweigh the disadvantages.
[C]Environmental protection is a long-term task that requires joint efforts.
[D]There are different viewpoints on environmental pollution.
C
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.spring to mind 突然记起(或想到)
[教材原句] When you think of a fearsome hunter,images of lions and sharks may spring to mind.
当你想到一个可怕的捕猎者,狮子和鲨鱼的形象可能会立刻跃入脑海。
例　When I think about my hometown,the beautiful scenery of the countryside immediately springs to mind.
当我想到我的家乡时,美丽的乡村景色立即浮现在我的脑海中。
例　If any other questions spring to mind,don’t hesitate to contact me.
如果你突然想起什么问题,随时联系我。
归纳拓展
make up one’s mind (to do sth) 下定决心(做某事)
bring/call...to mind 使想起/记起……
change one’s mind 改变主意
bear/keep...in mind=bear/keep in mind that...将……牢记心中
fix one’s mind on/upon...将某人的注意力集中于……
[语境运用] 完成句子/语段填空
当讨论健康食物时,水果和蔬菜通常会浮现在脑海中。
When discussing healthy foods,fruit and vegetables usually 　 .
(应用文写作之建议信)首先,记住你最好按时到达或者比约定的时间早一些。
First of all,　　　　　　　　　　　　 you had better arrive punctually or some time earlier than the appointed time.
spring to mind
bear/keep in mind that
一旦他下定决心,什么都不能改变他的主意。他将全神贯注于他正在做的事情直到实现目标。
Once he 　　　　　　　　　　,nothing can 　　　　　　　　　　.He will 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 what he is doing until he achieves his goal.
has made up his mind
change his mind
fix his mind on/upon
语
境
串
词
When I think about environmental protection,the serious problem of plastic pollution springs to mind.I’ve made up my mind to take action.I’ll fix my mind on reducing plastic waste and bear in mind that every small step counts.
当我想到环境保护时,严重的塑料污染问题就会浮现在脑海中。我已下定决心采取行动。我将专注于减少塑料垃圾,并牢记每一小步都很重要。
2.get rid of 摆脱,丢弃,扔掉
[教材原句] The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey; it’s also given me a cough that I can’t get rid of.
空气中的雾霾把天空染成了烟灰色,还让我患上了咳嗽,老是不好。
例　I can’t get rid of this cold.It’s been bothering me for a week.
我这感冒老是不好,已经折磨我一个星期了。
例　We should get rid of these old magazines.They take up too much space.
我们应该把这些旧杂志处理掉,它们占了太多空间。
归纳拓展
rid v.摆脱;丢弃;扔掉
be rid of...摆脱/除去……
rid sb/sth of...去除/清除……
rid oneself of...摆脱……;从……中解脱
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
Maybe we should rid 　　 　　 (we) of modern technology and return to simpler times.
I was glad 　　　　 (be) rid of the car when I finally sold it.
If I ruled the world,I would rid the world 　　　　 wars.
ourselves
to be
of
3.defence(AmE defense) n.辩护;防御,保护;防御物;国防;防守
·defend vt.辩解,辩护;防御,保护,保卫
·defensive adj.防御的,保护的,保卫的
[教材原句] In defence of the factories,however,I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce.
不过,为工厂说句公道话,我想指出的是我们也在努力控制所产生的污染量。
例　The woman rushed there in defence of her children.
这个女人冲过去保护她的孩子们。
例　The Great Wall was once used to defend against military aggression.
长城曾用来防御军事侵略。
defend...against/from...
保卫……免受……
归纳拓展
·in defence of 为……作解释或辩护
in sb’s defence 为某人辩护
·defend...against/from...保卫……免受……
defend oneself 自卫;为自己辩解
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
I have to say in her 　　　　 (defend) that she knew nothing about it beforehand.
She had to defend herself 　　　 　 the guard dog.
You must learn to defend 　　　　 (you) when being attacked.
defence
against/from
yourself
4.consequence n.结果,后果;重要性
·consequent adj.随之发生的;作为结果的
·consequently adv.因此,结果
例　 (2025·浙江1月卷)Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences of their decisions.
允许孩子吃他们想吃的东西也会让他们面临自己的决定的自然后果。
例　 The company’s profits have been declining steadily.As a consequence,
some employees may lose their jobs.
公司的利润一直在稳步下降。因此,一些员工可能会失去工作。
as a consequence=in consequence=consequently=
as a result 因此,结果
例　(应用文写作之报道)Many species are endangered as a consequence of environmental pollution.
由于环境污染,许多物种濒临灭绝。
as a consequence of=in consequence of=
as a result of 由于,因为
归纳拓展
as a consequence=in consequence=consequently=as a result 因此,结果
as a consequence of=in consequence of=as a result of 由于,因为
have a consequence/consequences for...对……有影响/造成后果
face/take the consequence(s) (of...) 面对/承担(……的)后果
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
　　　　 a consequence of the rain,the tennis match was delayed.
She studied hard,and 　 　　　 (consequence) she passed the examination.
The child was born weak 　　　　 consequence of an injury to his mother.
The decision to skip class will have consequences 　　　　 your grades and overall academic performance.
She decided to skip her responsibilities,but now she must face the consequences 　　　　 her actions.
As
consequently
in
for
of
重点句式
so引导倒装句
▲
[教材原句] As the human population continues to grow,so does the effect we have on animals.
随着人口的持续增长,我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。
例　I started to wait to leave as soon as we arrived at the place,and so did he.
我们一到那个地方,我就开始等着离开,他也一样。
例　Times have changed and so have I.
时代变了,我也变了。
归纳拓展
·句中是so引导的倒装句,常用结构为“so+助动词/情态动词/系动词+另一主语”,表示前一句中主语的肯定情况也适用于后者,在时态上和前一句保持一致,但两句的主语是不同的,意为“某人/某物也是如此”;
·若前面的句子是否定句,则应用“neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/系动词+另一主语”结构,表示前一句中主语的否定情况也适用于后者,意为“某人/某物也不这样”;
·“so+同一主语+助动词/情态动词/系动词”意为“确实,……的确如此”,表示对前面的内容加以确认或强调。
[语境运用] 句型转换
I have been teaching here for 20 years,and my best friend has been teaching here for 20 years,too.
→I have been teaching here for 20 years,and　　　　　　　　　　　.
If you will make a decision,I will make a decision,too.
→If you will make a decision,　 .
so has my best friend
so will I
“Mike performed excellently in the match yesterday.” “Yes,he did perform excellently.”
→“Mike performed excellently in the match yesterday.” “　　　　　.”
My parents were not disappointed at my failure in the test,and my teachers were not either.Instead,they kept comforting me.
→My parents were not disappointed at my failure in the test,and
　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　.Instead,they kept comforting me.
So he did
neither/nor were my teachers
完全倒装
▲
[教材原句] Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith,a local resident; Vincent Brown,senior manager of a local factory; and Julie Archer,chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee.
今晚来到我们演播室的有本地居民詹姆斯·史密斯、本地一家工厂的高管文森特·布朗,还有诺盖特环境保护委员会的负责人朱莉·阿彻。
例　Sitting in the corner is an old man,reading a newspaper and nodding from time to time.
坐在角落里的是一位老人,读着报纸,时不时地点头。
例　Out rushed the boy from the classroom the moment the bell rang.
下课铃一响,那个男孩就从教室里冲了出来。
归纳拓展
·当作表语的介词短语/形容词/分词置于句首时,句子要用完全倒装,构成“表语(介词短语/形容词/分词)+连系动词+主语”结构;
·表示地点、时间、方向等的介词置于句首时,句子要用完全倒装。常见的介词有among、between、in、at、beneath等;
·表示方向、地点和时间的副词in、out、down、up、off、back、away、over、there、here、now、then等置于句首时,若主语是名词而不是代词时,句子要用完全倒装;
·有时为了表示强调,可以将谓语部分的现在分词或过去分词置于句首,从而构成完全倒装。
[语境运用] 完成句子
(应用文写作之建议信)这里有一些关于如何平衡兼职工作和学习的一些建议。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 how to keep a balance between a part-time job and study.
(话题写作之校园介绍)我们校园的中心矗立着主教学楼,那里的教室配备了现代化的设施。
In the centre of our campus 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,where the classrooms are equipped with modern facilities.
Here are some suggestions on
stands the main teaching building
(读后续写之动作描写)正站在教室外的是一个男孩,低着头默默地哭着。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 is a boy,lowering his head and crying silently.
昨天出席会议的是一些著名的科学家。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 some famous scientists.
Standing outside the classroom
Present at the meeting yesterday were
[教材原句] In defence of the factories,however,I’d like to point out
that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce.
长难句分析
尝试分析:这是一个主从复合句。 为that引导的宾语从句, 为省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句,修饰先行词pollution。
自主翻译:不过,为工厂说句公道话,我想指出的是我们也在努力控制所产生的污染量。
[语境运用] 情境写作
然而,在为保护动物的努力辩护时,我想指出的是我们也在努力提高公众意识,这对动物的长期生存至关重要。
In defence of the efforts to protect animals,however,I’d like to point out
.
that we are also trying to raise public awareness that/which is
crucial for animals’ long-term survival
写作微专题1
Calling for the protection of animals
文本解读
1.文本类型:倡议书,写一篇号召人们保护动物的校报文章。
2.要点内容:(1)描述动物的生存现状,陈述动物对人类的重要性;(2)了解人类活动对动物造成的影响,提高动物保护意识;(3)提出保护动物的具体措施。
[思路指引]
实用表达
1.倡议书首段常用句式。
It is universally/generally/widely acknowledged that animals play a vital role in maintaining the balance of our ecosystem.
As we all know,animals are not only our companions but also an essential part of nature.
Nowadays,an increasing number of animal species are facing the threat of extinction due to various reasons,such as habitat destruction,over-hunting and pollution.
Many precious animals are on the verge of disappearing from the Earth,
which is a severe warning to us humans.
2.倡议书中段常用句式。
One of the main reasons for the decline of animal populations is the continuous expansion of human activities,which has led to the loss of their natural habitats.
Illegal hunting for fur,meat and other products also contributes significantly to the endangerment of many animals.
Protecting animals is not only about safeguarding their lives but also about ensuring the sustainable development of our planet.
By protecting animals,we are actually protecting ourselves,because the ecological balance is closely related to our own survival.
3.倡议书尾段常用句式。
Only if we take some immediate measures can these endangered animals be protected.
We should advocate living in harmonious coexistence with animals and encourage everyone to respect and protect them.
Let’s take immediate action,such as supporting wildlife protection organisations,spreading the word about animal protection and refusing to buy products made from endangered animals.
It is high time that we stopped harming animals and started to take practical measures to protect them.
佳作建构
假设你是校学生会主席李华,世界动物日即将到来,请你代表学生会向全校学生发出倡议,号召大家保护动物。内容包括:
1.保护动物的重要性;
2.人类活动对动物造成的伤害;
3.保护动物的措施。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右:
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear fellow students,
The Students’ Union
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　　 　　 n.& vt.伤害,损害
2.　　　　　　　　 n.生态系统
3.　　　　　　　　 vi.不复存在,灭绝,消亡;消失;失踪
4.　　　　　　　　 n.灭绝,绝种
5.　　　　　　　　 vt.& n.损害,伤害,损坏,破坏
6.　　　　　　　　 n.生活环境,栖息地
7.　　　　　　　　 n.结果,后果;重要性
harm
ecosystem
disappear
extinction
damage
habitat
consequence
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.动物对人类非常重要。它们在保持生态系统平衡方面起着非常重要的作用。
Animals are very important to humans.They play a very significant role in
　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
2.然而,一些动物正面临灭绝的危险。
However,some animals are 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
maintaining the balance of the ecosystem
in danger of extinction
3.人类活动已经破坏了一些动物的栖息地,并对它们造成了很大的伤害。
Human activities have 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 and
　 them.
4.他们为了食物或时尚,或者只是为了好玩杀死它们,这使许多动物濒临
灭绝。
They kill them for food or fashion,or just for fun,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
damaged some animals’ habitats
done/caused much harm to
close to extinction
bringing many animals
5.结果,许多动物从地球上消失了。
　　　　　　　　　　　　,many animals have　　　　　　　　　　 the Earth.
6.是我们该采取一些措施来保护动物的时候了。
It is time for us to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the animals.
As a consequence
disappeared from
take some measures to protect
7.任何猎杀动物的人都应该被罚款和严惩。
Anyone who hunts or kills animals should　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
8.让地球成为适合它们生存的好地方是我们的职责。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the Earth a nice place for them to live in.
be fined and punished severely
It is our duty to make
亮点提升
1.将第1句用非限制性定语从句进行改写升级。
Animals are very important to humans,which play a very significant role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem.
2.将第3句用强调句型进行改写升级。
It is human activities that have damaged some animals’ habitats and done/caused much harm to them.
3.将第6句用虚拟语气进行改写升级。
It is time that we took/should take some measures to protect the animals.
范文展示
Dear fellow students,
Animals are very important to humans,which play a very significant role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem.
However,some animals are in danger of extinction.It is human activities that have damaged some animals’ habitats and done/caused much harm to them.They kill them for food or fashion,or just for fun,bringing many animals close to extinction.As a consequence,many animals have disappeared from the Earth.
It is time that we took/should take some measures to protect the animals.
Anyone who hunts or kills animals should be fined and punished severely.It is our duty to make the Earth a nice place for them to live in.
The Students’ Union
写作练习
假设你是李华,请你给你校英文报写一篇文章,倡议保护动物。内容包括:
1.动物对人类的重要性;
2.人类活动对动物造成的危害;
3.保护动物的建议。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右:
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear fellow students,
Yours,
Li Hua
写作指导
　　One possible version:
Dear fellow students,
Animals are our friends,which live together with us on the Earth.If there are no animals on the Earth,we can’t survive at all.So we should take good care of them.
However,human activities have done much harm to animals.Some human activities,such as hunting and fishing,directly cause populations of many animals to fall.Other human activities have an indirect impact on animals.For example,the destruction of the Amazon rainforest has led to the loss of animal habitats.
In my opinion,we should make our efforts to do whatever we can to protect animals.Stop killing them and avoid cutting down too many trees are good ways.Only by doing so can we live in harmony with them.
Yours,
Li Hua
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后续写微 技能 之“点” 情感描写 worried adj.担心的;发愁的　sad adj.伤心的,难过的　happy adj.高兴的,快乐的
动作描写 harm n.& vt.伤害,损害　survive vi.生存,存活vt.幸存,幸免于难　disappear vi.不复存在,灭绝,消亡;消失;失踪　impact n.影响,作用;
撞击,冲撞vi.& vt.有影响;冲击　damage vt.& n.损害,伤害,损坏,破坏　build up 逐渐增加,扩大　come up with 想出,想到　call for (公开)要求;需要　spring to mind 突然记起(或想到)　bring...close to extinction 使……濒临灭绝　put...in danger 使……处于危险之中　get rid of 摆脱,丢弃,扔掉　in defence of 为……作解释或辩护　give rise to 使发生(或存在)
环境描写 hardwood n.阔叶树;硬材(阔叶树的木材)　greenhouse n.温室,暖房　track vt.& vi.跟踪,追踪 n.足迹,踪迹;小道;轨道;跑道;路线　habitat n.生活环境,栖息地
读后续写 微技能 之“线” I felt worried when watching the documentary.(情感描写)
We worked for several hours and we were happy to see that the forest looked cleaner than it had looked before.(情感/动作描写)
The river is dirty and smelly.The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey; it’s also given me a cough that I can’t get rid of.(环境描写)
It’s our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development.It’s our duty to leave a better,cleaner and healthier planet to our children.It’s our duty to build a human community with a shared future.(结尾升华句)
读后续写 微技能之“面” 读后续写——小海龟的挣扎
去年夏天,我去海滩度假。沿着海岸漫步时,我注意到一只小海龟在挣扎。人类活动破坏了它的栖息地,海洋中的塑料垃圾使它处于危险之中。看到这一幕,我非常难过。
突然,我想到了一个主意。我向当地的环保组织寻求帮助。我们共同想出了一个清理海滩并增强人们对污染对野生动物影响的认识的计划。由于我们的努力,海滩变得更干净了,这些海龟的生存机会也增加了。这次经历让我很开心,我知道小小的行动就能对环境产生巨大的影响。
Last summer,I went to the beach on vacation.While strolling along the shore,I noticed a little turtle struggling.Human activities had 1.
　　　　　,and plastic waste in the sea 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　.I was so sad to see this.
Suddenly,3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　.I called for help from local environmental groups.Together,we 4.　　　　　　　　 a plan to clean up the beach and raise people’s awareness of the impact of pollution on wildlife.
As a consequence of our efforts,the beach became cleaner,and these turtles’
5.　　　　　　　　　　　 also increased.This experience 6.　
　　　　　　,knowing that small actions could have a big impact on the environment.
damaged its
put it in danger
an idea sprang to mind
came up with
chances of survival
made me very
habitat
happy
重点知识回顾
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.harm n.& vt.伤害,损害→ adj.有害的→ adj.无害的
2.region n.地区,区域;行政区→ adj.地区的,区域的
3.length n.长,长度;时间的长短;篇幅,(电影)片长→ vt.& vi.(使)变长;延长→ adj.长的;长期的;长久的 v.渴望→ adj.漫长的;
(讲话、文章等)冗长的
4.variety n.不同种类;变化,多样性;变种,变体→ vi.相异;改变;变化→
adj.各种不同的,各种各样的
harmful
harmless
regional
lengthen
long
lengthy
vary
various
5.survive vi.生存,存活 vt.幸存,幸免于难→ n.生存;幸存→
n.生还者,幸存者
6.nutrient n.营养素,营养物→ n.营养→ adj.营养(物)的→ adj.有营养的;营养丰富的→ n.营养学家
7.disappear vi.不复存在,灭绝,消亡;消失;失踪→ n.消失→
vi.出现→ n.外表,外观;出现
survival
survivor
nutrition
nutritional
nutritious
nutritionist
disappearance
appear
appearance
8.agriculture n.农业,农学→ adj.农业的
9.extinction n.灭绝,绝种→ adj.灭绝的,绝种的
10.global adj.全球的;全面的→ n.地球仪;地球,世界→ n.全球化
11.application n.应用,运用;申请→ v.应用,运用;申请;涂抹,敷→
n.申请人
agricultural
extinct
globe
globalisation
apply
applicant
12.organization n.组织,团体;组织工作;安排;条理→ vt.组织→
n.组织者
13.profit n.利润,收益;好处 vi.& vt.获益,得到好处→ adj.有利润的;赢利的;有好处的
14.defence (AmE defense) n.辩护;防御,保护;防御物;国防;防守→ vt.辩解,辩护;防御,保护,保卫→ adj.防御的,保护的,保卫的
organize
organizer
profitable
defend
defensive
15.economic adj.经济的,经济上的;可赚钱的→ adj.经济的,实惠的;节约的→ n.经济→ n.经济学家→
n.经济学
16.recycle vt.回收利用,再利用→ adj.可再循环的;可回收利用的→ n.回收利用
17.poison vt.污染;毒死,毒害 n.毒物,毒药→ adj.有毒的
economical
economy
economist
economics
recyclable
recycling
poisonous
18.chemical n.化学制品 adj.化学的;化学作用的→ n.化学→
n.化学家;药剂师
19.consequence n.结果,后果;重要性→ adj.随之发生的;作为结果的→ adv.因此,结果
chemistry
chemist
consequent
consequently
Ⅱ.重点词块
1. 　　　　　　　 是……的家园
2. 大量的,大片的
3. 充满,到处都是(活的或动的东西)
4. 在……方面起重要作用
5. 相应地,转而
be home to
a (huge) sea of
(be) alive with
play a significant role in
in turn
6. 使分解(为),使变化(成)
7. 给……带来起色,注入活力
8. 由于,因为
9. 逐渐增加,扩大
10. 想出,想到
break down
breathe life into
due to
build up
come up with
11. (公开)要求;需要
12. 突然记起(或想到)
13. 使……濒临灭绝
14. 使……处于危险之中
15. 摆脱,丢弃,扔掉
16. 为……作解释或辩护
17. 使发生(或存在)
call for
spring to mind
bring...close to extinction
put...in danger
get rid of
in defence of
give rise to
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.独立主格结构
The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries,including Brazil and Peru,and one overseas region of France,
(都位于南美洲大陆).
句式仿写
(一场野生动物保护运动在全国开展),people’s awareness of animal conservation has been greatly enhanced.
all on the South American continent
A wildlife protection campaign being carried out across the country
2.倍数表达法
With an area of around 6 million square kilometres,the Amazon rainforest is
(比中国国土面积的一半还要大).
句式仿写
The population of tigers in this reserve is
that in the neighbouring reserve.(这个保护区的老虎数量是相邻保护区的三倍。)
more than half the size of China
three times as large as/three times
larger than/three times the amount of
3.“介词+which”引导非限制性定语从句
The Amazon River, ,is close to 6,400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.(亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河,亚马孙河长接近6 400千米,比长江还长约100千米。)
句式仿写
The rainforests, (许多珍稀动物生活在其中),are being destroyed at an alarming rate.
from which the rainforest gets its name
in which many rare animals live
4.完全倒装
on the dark forest floor.(往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。)
句式仿写
when they sensed danger.(鸟儿们一察觉到危险就飞走了。)
Above that is the mass of leaf litter
Away flew the birds
5.while引导让步状语从句
(尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存),they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.
句式仿写
(虽然保护动物确实需要大量的资源和努力),the benefits to the environment and future generations are invaluable.
While a significant number of jaguars survive here
While protecting animals does require a lot of resources and effort
6.so引导倒装句
As the human population continues to grow,
.(随着人口的持续增长,我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。)
句式仿写
Many animals are facing extinction,and (一些植物也是如此).
so does the effect we have on
so are some plants
animals

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