资源简介

(共96张PPT)
Integrated skills,Extended reading,
Project,Assessment,Further study
Part 2
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1. 　　　　 n.炸弹;核武器
vt.轰炸
2. n.罪恶,罪行;害处,坏处
adj.恶毒的;有害的;恶魔的
3. n.赞扬,认可;信用
vt.存入金额;把……归于
4. adj.道德的;道义上的;品行端正的
n.品行,道德;寓意
写作词汇
bomb
evil
credit
moral
5. vt.& vi.应用;申请;涂;有关
6. n.权威,权力;官方
7. vt.出版,发行;发表;公布
8. n.结婚,婚姻;已婚状态
apply
authority
publish
marriage
1.bang　　　　 n.
vi.& vt.
2.standout adj.
n.
3.atomic adj.
4.negate vt.
5.intellectual adj.
n.
阅读词汇
突然的巨响;猛敲,猛击
砸;砰地关上;猛摔;碰撞
突出的
突出的人(或物)
原子能的;原子的
取消,使无效;否认,否定
脑力的;有才智的,智力发达的
知识分子,脑力劳动者
拓展词汇
1. vt.包含;牵涉,影响;(使)参加→involved adj.参与的;有关联的→
involvement n.参与;卷入
2. adj.科学的,关于科学的;细致严谨的→science n.科学→
scientist n.科学家
3. n.神秘;神秘的人(或事物);悬疑作品→mysterious adj.神秘的
4. n.无知→ignore vt.忽视;对……不理睬→ignorant adj.无知的
involve
scientific
mystery
ignorance
5. n.自由→free adj.自由的;免费的→freely adv.自由地
6. vt.& vi.允许,准许,许可;使有可能 n.许可证→permission n.允许,许可,批准
7. n.责任,负责;职责,义务→responsible adj.负责的→
irresponsible adj.不负责的
8. vt.表明,宣称;公布,宣布;申报→declaration n.宣告;公告
9. n.国籍;民族→national adj.国家的;全国的;民族的→
nation n.国家;民族
10. n.进化;演变,发展→evolve v.进化;演变,发展
freedom
permit
responsibility
declare
nationality
evolution
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.go off　　　　　　　　
2.with a bang
3.make good things for
4.put...at risk
5.be/get involved in
6.put another way
按预期或期望进行;离开,离去;变坏,变质
很成功;引人注目,有强烈影响
为……带来好处
使……处于危险之中
卷入;专注于
换句话说
7.devote oneself to
8.be familiar to
9.to the credit of
10.let sb down
11.as to
12.take it for granted
13.leave room for
14.put forward
致力于
为……所熟知
归功于……
使某人失望
关于,至于
想当然地认为,认为……是理所当然
为……留出空间
提出,提议,建议
重点句型
1.The first way : scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things.(in which引导定语从句)
科学的第一个价值是大家都熟知的:科学知识让我们能够做各种各样的事,造不同种类的东西。
in which science is of value is familiar to everyone
2. ,with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness
.(过去分词短语作状语;现在分词短语作后置定语)
我们从不担心答案可能会令人失望,总是快乐而自信地开始每一次新探索,发现一些意想不到、稀奇古怪的东西,随之而来的是更加奇妙的问题和
奥秘。
Never concerned that the answer may let us down
leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries
3.Now,we scientists it is perfectly possible to live and not know.(it作形式宾语)
现在,我们科学家理所当然地认为,人类生而有所不知是完全有可能的。
take it for granted that
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与社会——科学家、科学发现和科学精神。
2.语篇类型:演讲稿。
3.课文内容分析:
本文改编自著名科学家理查德·费曼的公开演讲。语篇的主题是科学的价值。作者通过自问自答,条理清楚、由浅入深地从三个层面回答了“科学价值何在”这一问题。“科学有无善恶”,或者说“科学价值何在”这个问题的提出,同作者参与美国原子弹研制的经历有关。作者一生为之奋斗的科学成果最后却成为毁伤无数生命的大规模杀伤性武器,这让作者开始深入反思“科学中是否也有罪恶的成分”这一问题,旨在提醒我们
“应该如何看待、如何运用科学知识”,并强调“怀疑的自由”在科学研究中的重要价值。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
instructions
intellectual enjoyment
ignorance
doubt
uncertainty
doubt
our duty
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.What’s the main idea of the passage
[A]It tells us science is of great value in our lives.
[B]It tells us science only makes good things for people.
[C]It tells us science represents the destruction of people and often puts us at risk.
[D]It tells us science can’t be measured by being good or evil.
A
(　　)2.Which value of science is not mentioned in the passage
[A]Scientific knowledge enables us to invent something.
[B]Science can provide people with intellectual enjoyment.
[C]Science can make people feel ignorant,doubtful and uncertain about something.
[D]Science makes people form a habit of thinking freely and effectively.
D
(　　)3.How will people feel if they look at any problem deeply enough
[A]Excited. [B]Embarrassed.
[C]Angry. [D]Disappointed.
A
(　　)4.What does “this struggle” in Paragraph 6 refer to
[A]Struggle against people’s ignorance.
[B]Struggle against freedom.
[C]Struggle against uncertainty.
[D]Struggle against authority.
D
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.involve vt.包含;牵涉,影响;(使)参加
·involved adj.参与的;有关联的
·involvement n.参与;卷入
[教材原句] I had to ask myself,“Is there some evil involved in science ”
我不得不问自己:“科学里是不是有罪恶 ”
例　We should involve ourselves in community activities to make a difference.
我们应该参与社区活动,以做出贡献。
例　(应用文写作之倡议书)We all need to get involved in saving energy whether it’s at work,at home,or at school.
无论是在工作、家庭还是学校,我们都需要参与节约能源。
involve sb/oneself in (doing) sth 使某人参与(做)某事
be/get involved in 参与;卷入;专心于
归纳拓展
·involve sb/oneself in (doing) sth 使某人参与(做)某事
involve doing sth包括做某事
·be/get involved in 参与;卷入;专心于
be involved with与……有关;涉及
[语境运用] 语段填空/完成句子
The students got 　　 　　 in organising the school festival,and their active 　　 　　 in the planning and decision-making process made the festival a very successful event.They all said 　 　　　 themselves in the activity never failed to be a great experience.(involve)
Students should 　　　　　 　 　　　　 (参与) community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
Whatever you do,don’t be a bystander.　　　　　 　　　(参与进来).
involved
involvement
involving
involve themselves in/get involved in
Get involved
语
境
串
词
The science project involves conducting multiple experiments.We invite volunteers to be involved in it,and they’ll involve themselves in various tasks,such as data collection and analysis.In this way,they can better understand the scientific process.
这个科学项目包括进行多项实验。我们邀请志愿者参与其中,他们将参与各种任务,比如数据收集和分析。这样,他们就能更好地理解这个科学过程。
2.take it for granted想当然地认为,认为……是理所当然
[教材原句] Now,we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.
现在,我们科学家理所当然地认为,人类生而有所不知是完全有可能的。
例　He took it for granted that he would get the job.
他想当然地认为自己会得到那份工作。
例　He seems to take it for granted that he should speak as a representative.
他似乎理所当然地认为他应当作为代表发言。
归纳拓展
take...seriously认真对待……
take one’s time 别着急,慢慢来
take pride in为……感到骄傲
take charge of负责,掌管
take advantage of利用
take...into account/consideration把……考虑在内
[语境运用] 完成句子/语段填空
我们总是理所当然认为海洋可以给我们提供无穷无尽的资源,因此我们过度开发海洋。
We always 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 oceans can provide us with limitless resources,so we overdevelop oceans.
take it for granted that
当我上周负责一项课外活动时,我认真对待它。我利用每个向同学们征求意见的机会,因此我完美地组织了这次活动。我的同学们都为我感到骄傲。
When I 　　　　　　　 　 an extra-curricular activity last week,
I 　　　　　　　　　　　.I 　　　　　　　　　　　　 every opportunity to ask my classmates for their opinions,so I organised this activity perfectly.
My classmates all 　　　　　 　　　 me.
took charge of
took it seriously
took advantage of
took pride in
3.permit vt.& vi.允许,准许,许可;使有可能 n.许可证
·permission n.允许,许可,批准
[教材原句] Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure.
要允许我们提问——怀疑——不确定。
例　(应用文写作之邀请信)If time permits,I do hope you will attend this year’s music festival.
如果时间允许的话,我真的希望你会来参加今年的音乐节。
例　(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.
那些穿着不得体的人将不被允许参加。
归纳拓展
·permit doing sth允许做某事
permit sb to do sth=allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事
·with one’s permission/with the permission of sb 在某人的许可/准许下
without permission未经许可
ask for permission请求允许;征求许可
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
The rules of the club don’t permit 　　　 　(give) away private information without 　　　 　(permit).
It was announced that only when the fire was under control would the residents be permitted 　　 　　(return) to their homes.
We’ll have a picnic at the beach,weather 　　 　　(permit).
giving
permission
to return
permitting
4.responsibility n.责任,负责;职责,义务
·responsible adj.负责的
·irresponsible adj.不负责的
[教材原句] It is our responsibility as scientists,knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought,to declare the value of this freedom...
作为科学家,我们明白巨大进步源于思想自由,因此,我们有责任声明这一自由的价值……
例　(2023·全国甲卷)She warns of the environmental dangers facing society,
and she teaches that people must take responsibility for saving their environment.
她警示人们社会面临着环境危机,并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。
take/have responsibility for...对……负责
例　(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (排放).
在全球范围内运输货物和人员是造成全球很大一部分二氧化碳排放的原因。
be responsible for...对……负责
归纳拓展
·take/have responsibility for...对……负责
a sense of responsibility一种责任感
It is one’s responsibility to do sth 做某事是某人的责任
·be responsible for...对……负责
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
You have 　　　 　(responsible) for clearing up the classroom after class.
It is their responsibility 　　 　　(ensure) that the rules are carried out.
She feels a strong sense 　　　　 responsibility towards her employees.
He takes the view that children are responsible 　　　　 their own actions.
responsibility
to ensure
of
for
5.declare vt.表明,宣称;公布,宣布;申报
·declaration n.宣告;公告
[教材原句] It is our responsibility as scientists,knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought,to declare the value of this freedom...
作为科学家,我们明白巨大进步源于思想自由,因此,我们有责任声明这一自由的价值……
例　The government declared a state of emergency due to the natural disaster.
由于自然灾害,政府宣布进入紧急状态。
例　He declared that he was innocent of the crime.
他宣称自己无罪。
declare that...(=it is declared that...)宣布/宣称……
归纳拓展
declare...to be/as...宣布……为……
declare that...(=it is declared that...)宣布/宣称……
declare for/against...宣称赞成/反对……
declare war on/against...向……宣战
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The environmental organisation declared 　　　　 the conservation of natural resources.
The government has declared war 　　 　　 drug dealers.
It 　　 　　(declare) that the plane would not take off due to the bad weather.
(读后续写之情感描写)当老师宣布我是这次英语演讲比赛的获胜者时,我又惊又喜。
When the teacher　　　　　　 　　　　　　　 of the English Speech Contest,I was surprised and pleased.
for
on/against
was declared
declared me to be/as the winner
6.put forward提出,提议,建议;把时钟拨快;提前;推荐,举荐
[教材原句] He put forward the theory of evolution by natural selection and published On the Origin of Species in 1859.
他提出了自然选择的进化理论,并于1859年出版了《物种起源》。
例　He put forward a new theory at the conference.
他在会议上提出了一种新理论。
例　The meeting has been put forward to next Monday.
会议已提前到下周一。
归纳拓展
put down放下;写下;镇压
put away把……收拾好;整理;储蓄
put off推迟;延期
put on穿上;上演;增加
put out扑灭,熄灭;生产,制造
put up举起;搭建;张贴;留……住宿
put up with忍受;容忍
put aside把……放在一边;不考虑;储存
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
Some soldiers lost their lives when putting 　　　　 the forest fire.
The government has put 　　 　　 a series of policies to ensure that all its citizens can be lifted out of poverty.
I just can’t put up 　　　　 him,who always credits himself with whatever the whole team do.
The journalists simply put 　　　　 the important information they hear.
out
forward
with
down
Parents should encourage children to put 　　　　 some of their allowance for future use.
Don’t put 　　　　 such a smile while you are actually feeling bad.
I wonder whether she can put me 　　 　　 for a few days when my apartment is being repainted.
In order not to be late for the important interview,I put the clock
　　 　　 by 10 minutes.
aside
on
up
forward
重点句式
be of +抽象名词
▲
[教材原句] The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone...
科学的第一个价值是大家都熟知的……
例　The discovery of new energy sources is of vital importance(=very important) to sustainable development.
新能源的发现对可持续发展极为重要。
例　Dictionaries are of great help (=very helpful) to English learners.
词典对英语学习者来说是很有帮助的。
例　In fact,sports can be of great benefit (=very beneficial) to our health.
事实上,运动对我们的健康会很有益。
归纳拓展
·句中be of value为“be of+抽象名词”结构,该结构用来描述人或事物的特征,此结构在句中可作表语或定语;
·“be of+抽象名词”相当于“be+该名词所对应的形容词形式”。这类名词有value、use、importance、help、interest、benefit、
significance等;
·“be of+抽象名词”中的抽象名词前可用no、some、any、little、much、great等词修饰,用来说明人或事物的性质或特征。
温馨提示
介词of后面还可接一些表示人或事物的属性的名词,如size、colour、height、length、age、shape、quality等,用来描述人或事物的属性,在句中作表语或后置定语。这些名词没有相应的形容词形式,因此不能用“be+形容词”来代替“be+of+n.”。用在这些名词前的限定词常是a/an、the、the same、my、your等,of表示“具有”,有时可省去。
[语境运用] 完成句子/翻译句子
你搜集来的信息对我来说十分有益。
The information you gathered is　　　　　　　　　　　　.
你给我们的建议证明很有价值。没有它我们就不可能实现我们的梦想。
The advice you gave us proved to be 　　　　　　　　　,without which we couldn’t have achieved our dreams.
of great benefit to me
of great value
这台旧机器对我们来说已经没用了。
The old machine is of no/little use to us.
这种新药的发现对心脏病患者来说意义重大。
The discovery of the new drug is of great significance to people suffering
from heart problems.
长难句分析
[教材原句] Never concerned that the answer may let us down,with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries.
尝试分析:这是一个主从复合句。 为过去分词短语作状语, 为现在分词短语作后置定语。
自主翻译:我们从不担心答案可能会令人失望,总是快乐而自信地开始每一次新探索,发现一些意想不到、稀奇古怪的东西,随之而来的是更加奇妙的问题和奥秘。
[语境运用] 情境写作
我们从不害怕旅途可能充满艰辛,总是勇敢而乐观地踏上每一条新的道路,发现一些意想不到的机会,随之而来的是更美好的进步和可能性。
,with courage and optimism we set foot on each new path to discover unimagined opportunities .
Never afraid that the journey may be full of hardships
leading on to more wonderful progress and possibilities
写作微专题4
Making a plan for the school Science Festival
文本解读
1.文本类型:应用文,为学校科技节写一个计划。
2.要点内容:(1)活动时间、地点、参加的人员及活动主题;(2)活动主要内容及代表性活动;(3)收获或感想。
[思路指引]
实用表达
1.首段常用句式。
The Science Festival is scheduled to be held on...in...
Next Saturday from 2:00 p.m.to 4:00 p.m.,we will carry out group activities in the city’s Science and Technology Museum.
The Science Festival will kick off with an opening ceremony,where we will introduce the theme and highlight the key events of the day.
2.中段常用句式。
We have arranged a series of interactive workshops,such as coding workshops,3D-printing workshops,and robotics workshops.
There will be a tech exhibition during the festival,displaying the latest technological products and inventions.
The aim of this Science Festival is to stimulate students’ interest in science and technology.
We hope to enhance students’ practical skills and innovative thinking through various activities.
We will have many activities,such as enjoying all kinds of gadgets and sharing their invention experience.
Not only can visitors enjoy a variety of household robots,but they can also experience the models of manned spaceships.
By the end of the festival,we expect participants to have a deeper understanding of the latest technological trends.
3.尾段常用句式。
All students and teachers are welcome to participate in the Science Festival.
You can sign up for the workshops and competitions on the school website.
There is no doubt that technological innovation brings us convenience and comfort in life.
The event was of great significance,which impressed everyone deeply.
Through this activity,I began to be interested in scientific and technological exploration.
佳作建构
假设你是李华,你们学校要举办科技节。请根据以下要点为其写一个计划:
1.科技节的时间、地点、目的及主题;
2.科技节的活动内容及参加人员;
3.表示祝愿。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　　　　　 vt.& vi.想要,计划;意指
2.　　　　　　　　 n.实验,试验;尝试,实践
vi.做试验,进行实验;尝试
3.　　　　　　　　 adj.有限的
4.　　　　　　　　 adj.有益的,有用的
5.　　　　　　　　 vt.围绕,环绕;包围;与……紧密相关
6.　　　　　　　　 adj.科学的,关于科学的;细致严谨的
7.　　　　　　　　 vt.& vi.应用;申请;涂;有关
8.　　　　　　　 使某人失望
intend
experiment
limited
beneficial
surround
scientific
apply
let sb down
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.为了培养学生对科学的兴趣并鼓励创新思维,我们学校打算在上午8点到11点在操场上举行一场科技节活动。
In order to cultivate students’ interest in science and encourage innovative thinking,our school 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 on the playground from 8 a.m.to 11 a.m.
intends to hold a Science Festival
2.其主题是如何让学生掌握相关的科学知识,并将其运用到他们的生活和学习当中。
Its theme is how to enable students to master
and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
relevant scientific knowledge
apply it to their life and study
3.本次科技节将会有一些优秀的学生发明家参加。他们将展示自己的发明,并在限定时间内现场演示其功能。
There will be some outstanding student inventors 　　　　　　　　 this Science Festival.They will showcase their inventions and demonstrate their functions on the spot 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
participating in
within the limited time
4.此外,他们将为我们展示一些有趣的实验,我认为这会是最令人兴奋的部分。
What’s more,they will show us 　　　　　　　　　 　　　,which I think will be the most exciting part.
5.本次科学节将会让学生们沉浸在有益的知识氛围中,而且不会让我们失望。
The Science Festival will 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　 and won’t 　　　　　　　.
some interesting experiments
surround students with beneficial knowledge
let us down
亮点提升
1.将第1句和第2句用非限制性定语从句进行改写升级。
In order to cultivate students’ interest in science and encourage innovative thinking,our school intends to hold a Science Festival on the playground from 8 a.m.to 11 a.m,whose theme is how to enable students to master relevant scientific knowledge and apply it to their life and study.
2.将第3句用非限制性定语从句进行改写升级。
There will be some outstanding student inventors participating in this Science Festival,who will showcase their inventions and demonstrate their functions on the spot within the limited time.
范文展示
In order to cultivate students’ interest in science and encourage innovative thinking,our school intends to hold a Science Festival on the playground from 8 a.m.to 11 a.m,whose theme is how to enable students to master relevant scientific knowledge and apply it to their life and study.
There will be some outstanding student inventors participating in this Science Festival,who will showcase their inventions and demonstrate their functions on the spot within the limited time.What’s more,they will show us some interesting experiments,which I think will be the most exciting part.
The Science Festival will surround students with beneficial knowledge and won’t let us down.
写作练习
假设你是李华,上周日你校举办了以“创意校园,科技校园”为主题的第15届校园科技节。请你为校报写一篇英文报道,内容包括:
1.活动目的、时间、主办方;
2.活动内容;
3.活动反响。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词语:编程和工程技能programming and engineering skills、科技展览 tech exhibition
写作指导
One possible version:
To inspire students’ creativity and encourage us students to think creatively,the 15th Campus Science and Technology Festival,themed “Creative Campus,Technological Campus”,was held by our school last Sunday.
During the festival,various activities were organised.Students participated in science experiments,in which they observed fascinating chemical reactions and explored the principles of physics.Moreover,a robotics competition attracted many viewers,showcasing the students’ programming and engineering skills.A tech exhibition featuring inventions created by students themselves was also a highlight,demonstrating their creativity and problem-solving skills.
The festival received overwhelmingly positive feedback from both students and teachers.Not only did it enhance the students’ understanding of science,but it also enriched students’ educational experience through scientific exploration and discovery.
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后续写 微技能之“点” 人物描写 wisdom n.智慧,知识,学问;才智;明智　intelligent adj.有才智的,聪明的;有智力的　evil n.罪恶,罪行 adj.恶毒的;有害的;恶魔的　moral adj.道德的;道义上的;品行端正的 n.品行,道德　intellectual adj.脑力的;有才智的,智力发达的 n.知识分子,脑力劳动者　ignorance n.无知　responsibility n.责任,负责;职责,义务　marriage n.结婚,婚姻;已婚状态
动作描写 intend vt.& vi.想要,计划;意指　surround vt.围绕,环绕;包围;
与……紧密相关　involve vt.包含;牵涉,影响;(使)参加　permit vt.& vi.允许,准许,许可;使有可能　pay off成功,奏效,达到目的　let sb down使某人失望　take it for granted想当然地认为,认为……是理所当然　put forward提出,提议,建议
环境描写 lightning n.闪电　thunderstorm n.雷雨,雷暴　bang n.突然的巨响;猛敲,猛击
读后续写 微技能之 “线” Born in 1930,in Ningbo,Zhejiang Province,Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955.(人物描写)
They worked day and night and their health began to suffer because of the poor conditions,but they never gave up.(动作描写)
Everyone is looking forward to next year’s Science Festival!
(情感描写)
When we look at any question deeply enough,we feel the excitement and mystery coming to us again and again.(心理描写)
读后续写 微技能之“面”
读后续写——组织一场文化节
在一个小村庄里,一位名叫莉莉的聪明的年轻女子打算组织一场文化节。由于一些村民的不理解,她的计划遭到了反对。他们想当然地认为传统不应改变。一天晚上,雷雨来袭,闪电划过,巨响回荡。在一片混乱中,莉莉意识到了自己的责任。她耐心地解释文化交流的价值,分享自己的智慧。最终,她的努力得到了回报。村民们理解了这个文化节,并积极参与其中。莉莉很高兴她没有让自己失望。
In a small village,an intelligent young woman named Lily
1.　　　　　　　　　　 a cultural festival.Her plan faced opposition from some villagers due to their incomprehension.They 2.
　　　　　　 　 traditions should never change.One evening,a thunderstorm hit.Lightning flashed and loud bangs echoed.Amid the chaos,Lily 3.　　　　　　　 　　　　　.She patiently explained the value of cultural exchanges,4.　　　　　 　　　　.Eventually,her efforts 5.　　　　.The villagers understood the cultural festival and became actively involved in it.Lily was glad that she didn’t
6.　　　　　　　　 　　　　.
intended to organise
took it for
granted that
realised her responsibility
sharing her wisdom
paid off
let herself down
重点知识回顾
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.survival n.生存,存活;残存物,幸存事物→ vi.生存,存活 vt.幸存,幸免于难→ n.幸存者
2.broad adj.广泛的;宽阔的,广阔的;概括的;开阔的→ adv.广泛地→
v.变宽;变阔;(使)扩大影响
3.intend vt.& vi.想要,计划;意指→ n.目的;意图;打算→
adj.预期的;有意的
survive
survivor
broadly
broaden
intention
intended
4.limited adj.有限的→ n.限度;限制;极限 vt.限制;限定→ n.限度;限制;局限→ adj.无限的
5.sufficient adj.足够的,充足的→ n.足量,充足
6.wisdom n.智慧,知识,学问;才智;明智→ adj.智慧的→ adv.明智地
7.beneficial adj.有益的,有用的→ vi.得益于 vt.使受益 n.益处;好处
8.surround vt.围绕,环绕;包围;与……紧密相关→ adj.周围的;附近的→ n.环境
limit
limitation
limitless
sufficiency
wise
wisely
benefit
surrounding
surroundings
9.intelligent adj.有才智的,聪明的;有智力的→ n.智力;情报
10.favour vt.较喜欢;偏袒;有助于 n.帮助,好事;赞同;偏袒→ adj.给人好印象的;赞同的;有利的→ adj.特别受喜爱的;最喜欢的
11.electricity n.电,电能→ adj.电的,发电的,电动的
12.involve vt.包含;牵涉,影响;(使)参加→ adj.参与的;有关联的→
n.参与;卷入
intelligence
favourable
favourite
electric
involved
involvement
13.mystery n.神秘;神秘的人(或事物);悬疑作品→ adj.神秘的
14.ignorance n.无知→ vt.忽视;对……不理睬→ adj.无知的
15.permit vt.& vi.允许,准许,许可;使有可能 n.许可证→ n.允许,许可,批准
16.responsibility n.责任,负责;职责,义务→ adj.负责的→
adj.不负责的
17.declare vt.表明,宣称;公布,宣布;申报→ n.宣告;公告
18.evolution n.进化;演变,发展→ v.进化;演变,发展
mysterious
ignore
ignorant
permission
responsible
irresponsible
declaration
evolve
Ⅱ.重点词块
1. 　　　　　　　　 查阅,参考;提到,谈及
2. 成功做某事
3. 设法做某事;成功做某事
4. (使)加速
5. 成功,奏效,达到目的
6. 反复试验
refer to
succeed in doing sth
manage to do sth
speed up
pay off
through trial and error
7. 利用,动用;凭借
8. 偶然,意外地
9. 很成功;引人注目,有强烈影响
10. 使……处于危险之中
11. 卷入;专注于
12. 换句话说
13. 致力于
draw on
by accident
with a bang
put...at risk
be/get involved in
put another way
devote oneself to
14. 归功于……
15. 使某人失望
16. 关于,至于
17. 想当然地认为,认为……是理所当然
18. 提出,提议,建议
to the credit of
let sb down
as to
take it for granted
put forward
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.“not...until...”结构的强调句型
However, (直到20世纪70年代) Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu,after many failed experiments.
句式仿写
(直到现在我才意识到学习英语的重要性).
it was not until the 1970s that
It is not until now that I have realised the importance of learning English
2.as引导非限制性定语从句
(正如路易·巴斯德所说),“Fortune favours the prepared mind.”
句式仿写
(众所周知),Newton made great contributions to the field of physics.
As Louis Pasteur said
As is known to all/As we all know
3.if引导虚拟条件句
However,some people questioned whether he had actually done the experiment,arguing that
(如果他真的做了,他就会受到致命的电击).
句式仿写
(如果他现在有时间,他就能和我们一起打篮球).
if he had really done it,he would have received a
deadly electric shock
If he had time now,he could play basketball with us
4.“do/does/did”强调谓语动词
Whatever the truth,Franklin (的确对……做出了贡献)the studies of electricity.
句式仿写
(这位作家一生确实出版了许多畅销小说).
did make contributions to
The writer did publish many best-selling novels in his life
5.in which引导定语从句
(科学的第一个价值是大家都熟知的):scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things.
句式仿写
(他解决这个问题的方式) surprised everyone.
The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone
The way in which he solved the problem(共15张PPT)
Unit 4　读后续写专题练
(分值:25分)
Deep in the forest,my husband and I had fun climbing over and crawling under the downed trees that blocked the dirt path before us.It was May.Yet we walked up a snow-covered hill.When we noticed our jeans were wet up to our knees,it did not dampen our spirits.Not once did we say,
“Let’s turn around.” This was our vacation,and we were on an adventure.
Little did we know this was the beginning of many more surprises.
The trail was marked as an easy 1-kilometre hike yet we were already walking a long distance.Our light-heartedness stopped when we came out into a clearing and saw a parking lot without our rental car in it.As my eyes scanned the surroundings,nothing looked familiar.My heart raced.I realised we were lost in a national park that did not officially open for another week.
Usually,I am the calm one in the relationship,but my husband surprised me with his calmness.This did not comfort me;in fact,it heightened my fear.
As we walked,I asked my husband to call for help,but there was no cell phone signal in this isolated (偏僻的) area.
It was awfully quiet except for our footsteps hitting the road,and my heavy breathing.My husband suggested we conserve energy and walk slower.With each step on the road,my feet and thighs (大腿) hurt while my mind raced with thoughts about people who got lost in the Canadian woods for days.
My vision sharpened.I noticed everything around me:the trees,rocks and snow.I thought we could eat the snow on the ground in case we needed water.
For the first time in my life,I was ready and willing to get a ride,but we did not meet with a single car on the road.We focused on each other,made joint decisions and connected through gratitude.We managed to stay on the main road and walked straight on.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Paragraph 1:
My husband suddenly spotted a small building on a hill in the distance.
Paragraph 2:
Just then,a friendly woman appeared,saying,“Hello.”
[情节构建]
情节线 情感线
速读文章定要素 Who The author and her husband,a woman 自由、兴奋
紧张、焦虑
害怕、无助
宽慰、高兴
When In May
Where Deep in the forest
What The author and her husband made an adventure in the forest.
明确冲突定主题 Conflict & Clue Conflict: For the first time in the author’s life,she was ready and willing to get a ride,but they did not meet with a single car on the road. Clue:They managed to stay on the main road and walked straight on. 自由、兴奋
紧张、焦虑
害怕、无助
宽慰、高兴
Theme The author and her husband were lost in the forest and helped by a friendly woman.
预设问题定走向 Para.1 My husband suddenly spotted a small building on a hill in the distance. Q1:What would they do next Q2:What did they feel Q3:What would they see 自由、兴奋
紧张、焦虑
害怕、无助
宽慰、高兴
Para.2 Just then,a friendly woman appeared,saying,“Hello.” Q1:How would the author react Q2:What would the friendly woman do next Q3:How did the author and her husband feel (共117张PPT)
Unit 4　
Scientists who changed the world
[头脑风暴·思维发散]
Science is a fascinating field,full of mysteries waiting to be unveiled.
Scientists,those intelligent explorers,play a crucial role.They conduct numerous experiments,bravely facing errors.For instance,when finding a cure for malaria,a deadly disease,Tu Youyou and her team worked day and night,trying to find beneficial solutions.Scientists don’t let ignorance limit themselves.Instead,they use their wisdom to analyse and evolve their theories.Their dedication and never-give-up spirit are what drive the progress of science.
科学是一个迷人的领域,充满了等待被揭开的奥秘。科学家,那些聪明的探索者,起着至关重要的作用。他们进行无数次试验,勇敢地面对错误。例如,在寻找治疗疟疾这种致命的疾病的方法时,屠呦呦和她的团队夜以继日地工作,试图找到有益的解决方案。科学家不会让无知限制自己。相反,他们用他们的智慧来分析和发展他们的理论。他们的奉献和永不放弃的精神是推动科学进步的动力。
Welcome to the unit,Reading,
Grammar and usage
Part 1
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1. 　　　　　 adj.致命的;十足的,彻底的
2. n.省,省份
3. n.试用,试验;审讯,审判;考验
vi.& vt.测试,试验
4. vt.延迟,延期
5. n.数据,资料,材料
写作词汇
deadly
province
trial
postpone
data
6. n.错误,差错
7. vt.& vi.组织,实施;指挥;引导;举止
8. n.闪电
9. n.学说,论;原理;看法,意见
10. n.雷雨,雷暴
11. vt.& vi.充电;收费;控告;谴责;使……承担责任;使充满
n.收费;控告;谴责;掌管
error
conduct
lightning
theory
thunderstorm
charge
1.republic n.
2.malaria n.
3.extract n.
vt.
4.household adj.
n.
5.penicillin n.
阅读词汇
共和国,共和政体
疟疾
提取物;选录
提取;选录;取出;设法得到
家庭的,家用的,家务的
一家人,家庭
青霉素,盘尼西林
6.mould (AmE mold)n.
vt.
7.bacteria n.(sing. bacterium)
8.ribbon n.
9.metal n.
霉菌;模具;类型
浇铸;塑造
细菌
带子,丝带;带状物
金属
拓展词汇
1. n.生存,存活;残存物,幸存事物→survive vi.生存,存活 vt.幸存,幸免于难→survivor n.幸存者
2. adj.广泛的;宽阔的,广阔的;概括的;开阔的→broadly adv.广泛地→broaden v.变宽;变阔;(使)扩大影响
3. vt.& vi.想要,计划;意指→intention n.目的;意图;打算→
intended adj.预期的;有意的
4. n.药草,香草;草本→herbal adj.药草的,香草的
survival
broad
intend
herb
5. n.实验,试验;尝试,实践 vi.做试验,进行实验;尝试→
experimental adj.试验性的
6. adj.有限的→limit n.限度;限制;极限 vt.限制;限定→
limitation n.限度;限制;局限→limitless adj.无限的
7. n.容器;集装箱,货柜→contain vt.包含;控制
8. adj.足够的,充足的→sufficiency n.足量,充足
experiment
limited
container
sufficient
9. n.智慧,知识,学问;才智;明智→wise adj.智慧的→wisely adv.明智地
10. adj.有益的,有用的→benefit vi.得益于 vt.使受益 n.益处;好处
11. vt.说明,解释;加插图于→illustration n.说明;插图
12. vt.围绕,环绕;包围;与……紧密相关→surrounding adj.周围的;附近的→surroundings n.环境
wisdom
beneficial
illustrate
surround
13. vt.表明;暗示;提及;指出→indication n.表明;暗示
14. n.意外,偶然的事;事故,意外遭遇→accidental adj.意外的;偶然的
15. adj.有才智的,聪明的;有智力的→intelligence n.智力;情报
16. vt.较喜欢;偏袒;有助于 n.帮助,好事;赞同;偏袒→favourable adj.给人好印象的;赞同的;有利的→favourite adj.特别受喜爱的;最喜欢的
17. n.政治家,从政者;投机钻营者→politics n.政治(学)→
political adj.政治(上)的
18. n.电,电能→electric adj.电的,发电的,电动的
indicate
accident
intelligent
favour
politician
electricity
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.a cure for　　　　　　　
2.refer to
3.succeed in doing sth
4.manage to do sth
5.day and night
6.large amounts of
7.speed up
……的治愈方法
查阅,参考;提到,谈及
成功做某事
设法做某事;成功做某事
夜以继日地,不间断地
大量的
(使)加速
8.pay off
9.through trial and error
10.draw on
11.by accident
12.far from
成功,奏效,达到目的
反复试验
利用,动用;凭借
偶然,意外地
远非,几乎相反
重点句型
1.However, Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu,after many failed experiments.(“not...until...”结构的强调句型)
然而,直到20世纪70年代,屠呦呦经过多次失败的试验才成功地发现了
青蒿素。
2. ,“Fortune favours the prepared mind.”(as引导非限制性定语从句)
正如路易·巴斯德所说:“幸运眷顾有准备的人。”
it was not until the 1970s that
As Louis Pasteur said
3.However,some people questioned whether he had actually done the experiment,arguing that if he it,he a deadly electric shock.(if引导虚拟条件句)
然而,有些人质疑他是否真的做了这个实验,他们认为,如果他真的做了,他就会受到致命的电击。
had really done
would have received
4. ,Franklin the studies of electricity.(whatever引导让步状语从句;“do/does/did”强调谓语动词)
不管真相如何,富兰克林的确对电学的研究做出了贡献。
did make contributions to
Whatever the truth
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与社会——科学家、科学发现和科学精神。
2.语篇类型:新闻报道。
3.课文内容分析:
本文围绕中国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家屠呦呦展开。文章介绍了屠呦呦及其团队发现青蒿素的过程,重点介绍了他们的不懈努力,以及从传统中医药学中所汲取的智慧。本文希望传递给读者两重深层含义:第一是中国的传统中医药学是个巨大的宝库,如果善加利用,可以为人类健康事业做出巨大的贡献;第二是以屠呦呦为杰出代表的科学家们所体现出来的坚韧不拔的意志、无私奉献的品质,是值得我们敬佩和学习的。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
Tu Youyou
medicine
malaria
mice
household water containers
themselves
November 1972
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.What is the main idea of the passage
[A]Chinese scientist Tu Youyou’s career.
[B]Chinese scientist Tu Youyou’s lecture.
[C]Chinese scientist Tu Youyou and her team.
[D]Chinese scientist Tu Youyou and the discovery of qinghaosu.
D
(　　)2.How long did it take Tu and her team to extract qinghaosu
[A]Less than one year.
[B]About two years.
[C]About three years.
[D]Less than two years.
C
(　　)3.Which word can be used to replace the word “promising” in Paragraph 3
[A]Deadly.
[B]Hopeful.
[C]Surprising.
[D]Disappointing.
B
(　　)4.Which of the following can best describe Tu Youyou and her team
[A]Fortunate and energetic.
[B]Patient and responsible.
[C]Reliable but stubborn.
[D]Wise and determined.
D
(　　)5.What can we learn from the text
[A]Tu Youyou thinks highly of traditional Chinese medicine.
[B]Tu Youyou is the first Chinese scientist to win the Nobel Prize.
[C]The trials on real patients were postponed for their unwillingness.
[D]The discovery of qinghaosu is mainly due to the inspiration of ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine.
A
二次开发·深研课文
▲
Because of her contribution to the fight against malaria,Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China
1.　　 　　(receive) a Nobel Prize.
Born in 1930,in Ningbo,Zhejiang Province,Tu 2.　　 　　(study) medicine at university in Beijing and then acquired a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.In 1969 she became head of a team that intended to find a cure 3.　　 　　 malaria.
to receive
studied
for
4.　　　　(inspire) by an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water,she tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its 5.　　 　　(effect) part.She finally succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice.6.　　 　　,the trials on patients were likely to 7.　　 　　(postpone) because they did not have sufficient safety data.To speed up the process and ensure its 8.　　 　　(safe),Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.
Inspired
effective
However
be postponed
safety
The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off.In November 1972,they successfully discovered qinghaosu—the most effective part of 9.　 　qinghao extract.10.　　　 　 a key part of many malaria medicines,qinghaosu has since benefited about 200 million malaria patients.Tu encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level.
the
As
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.intend vt.& vi.想要,计划;意指
·intention n.目的;意图;打算
·intended adj.预期的;有意的
[教材原句] In the 1960s,many people were dying of malaria,and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease.
20世纪60年代,许多人死于疟疾。1969年屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长,这个课题组计划找到该疾病的治疗方法。
例　The project intends to develop a new type of renewable energy to reduce reliance on fossil fuels.
该项目旨在开发一种新型可再生能源,以减少对化石燃料的依赖。
例　(话题写作之活动介绍)These training courses are intended for students who want to improve their professional skills.
这些培训课程是为那些想要提高专业技能的学生开设的。
be intended for...为……打算(或设计)的
例　(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves.
她一心想要留下来,继续做自己热爱的事情。
归纳拓展
·intend doing/to do sth 打算做某事
intend sb to do sth打算让某人做某事
had intended to do sth(=intended to have done sth)本打算做某事(但事实上没做)
·be intended for...为……打算(或设计)的
be intended to do sth旨在做某事;专为做某事而设计的
·with the intention of...怀着……的意图
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/语段填空
The Spoken English Club is known for its unusual and colourful activities intended 　　　　 improving oral English.The club intends its members
　　 　　(deliver) inspiring speeches next Saturday in the lecture hall.
The authorities intend 　　　 　(take) effective measures to protect endangered plants and animals.
The party was specially 　　　　 for her,but she didn’t appreciate my good 　　　　.I 　　 　　 to give her a surprise.(intend)
for
to deliver
taking/to take
intended
intention
had intended
2.refer to查阅,参考;提到,谈及;指的是
[教材原句] When they failed to produce any promising results,Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again.
当它们未能产生预期效果时,屠呦呦再次查阅历代中医典籍。
例　The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech.
这位科学家在演讲中至少三次提到全球变暖。
例　(2025·浙江1月卷)Referred to as matrix planting,this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden,and even some of the designing.
这种方法被称为矩阵式种植,其目标是让大自然在园艺工作中承担更多繁重的任务,甚至完成部分设计工作。
refer to...as...把……称作……
例　(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)I keep two reference books close-by on my desk:dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典).
我在书桌旁放了两本工具书:一本词典和一本同义词词典。
reference book参考书;工具书
归纳拓展
·refer v.参考;提到;查阅;涉及
refer...to...把……提交给……
refer to...as...把……称作……
·reference n.参考,查阅;提到,谈及;介绍信,介绍人
for reference以备查阅;以供参考
in/with reference to关于
reference book参考书;工具书
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
Please find the attached report for 　　 　　(refer).
He 　 　　　(refer) to as a “living Lei Feng”.
The question referred 　　　　 at the meeting is hard to answer.
I have nothing to say 　　　　 reference to that case.
reference
is referred
to
in/with
3.limited adj.有限的
·limit n.限度;限制;极限 vt.限制;限定
·limitation n.限度;限制;局限
·limitless adj.无限的
[教材原句] However,it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited.
然而,由于研究资源有限,很难制造出足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模试验。
例　(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake.
这项新研究表明,煮沸自来水可能成为限制有害物质摄入的一种手段。
例　(应用文写作之通知)Our outdoor activities are limited to sunny days due to the unstable weather recently.
由于最近天气不稳定,我们的户外活动仅限于晴天。
be limited to...受限于……;限定在……
例　(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Inside the office,they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.
在办公室内,他们通过限制垃圾桶的数量以及避免使用一次性塑料制品来鼓励垃圾分类回收和减少废弃物的产生。
归纳拓展
·be limited to...受限于……;限定在……
·set a limit to/on...限制……
beyond/over the limit超过限度
within the limits of...限定在……范围内
there is a/no limit to...……是有限的/无限的
·limit...to...把……限定在……范围内
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/语段填空
The teaching of history should not be 　　 　　 (limit) to dates and figures.
Set a limit 　　 　　 the number of tasks you take on each day and stick to it.
(读后续写之主题升华)一个人的生命是有限的,可是为人民服务是无限的,我要把有限的生命投入到无限的为人民服务之中去。
　　　　　　　 　　　 one’s life,but 　　　　　 　　　　　　 serving the people.I’ll 　　　　　　　　 　　　　 the 　　　　 　　 of serving the people.
limited
to/on
There is a limit to
there is no limit to
devote my limited life to
limitless job
语
境
串
词
In the scientific field,our knowledge is limited.The scope of current research is often limited to what we can observe and test.But there is no limit to the potential of scientific exploration.We must constantly strive to break through these limitations and reach for the limitless possibilities that lie ahead.
在科学领域,我们的知识是有限的。目前的研究范围往往局限于我们可以观察和测试的内容。但是科学探索的潜力是无限的。我们必须不断努力突破这些限制,追求前方无限的可能性。
4.beneficial adj.有益的,有用的
·benefit vi.得益于 vt.使受益 n.益处;好处
[教材原句] Perhaps the next generation of scientists,drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine,will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care.
也许下一代的科学家借鉴中医的智慧,确实会发现更多有益于全球医疗的
药物。
例　(应用文写作之建议信)Exercising regularly is beneficial to our physical and mental health.
定期锻炼对我们的身心健康有益。
be of benefit to...(=be beneficial to...) 对……有益
例　(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.
当实验者从设置简单的任务——比如找出阅读段落的主旨大意——转向设置需要思维抽象能力的任务——比如从文本中进行推理时,纸质阅读的优势就格外凸显出来了。
归纳拓展
·benefit from/by得益于,从……中获益
·be of benefit to...(=be beneficial to...) 对……有益
for sb’s benefit=for the benefit of sb 为了某人的利益
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
A large number of students will benefit 　　 　　 the new teaching method.
While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin,they also give us
　　　 　 (benefit) Vitamin D.
China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals 　　　 the benefit of all its citizens.
from/by
beneficial
for
均衡饮食对我们的整体健康有益。
→ (beneficial)
→ (benefit n.)
→ (benefit vt.)
Eating a balanced diet is beneficial to our overall health.
Eating a balanced diet is of benefit to our overall health.
Eating a balanced diet benefits our overall health.
5.surround vt.围绕,环绕;包围;与……紧密相关
·surrounding adj.周围的;附近的
·surroundings n.环境
[教材原句] He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mould were dead.
他观察到霉菌周围的细菌都死了。
例　(2024·全国甲卷)Instead,surround yourself with healthy choices.
相反,让自己身边都是健康的(食物)选择。
例　(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)In addition,there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
另外,也无需使用会污染传统农场及周边环境的杀虫剂和其他化学物质。
surround...with...用……包围/环绕……
归纳拓展
surround...with...用……包围/环绕……
be surrounded by/with...被……包围/环绕
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Surrounding yourself 　　　 　 people who’ll provide you with support can be very beneficial.
(应用文写作之欢迎词)In a word,you are welcome to our school and I hope you can adapt to the new 　　 　　(surround) soon.
(读后续写之环境描写)这个小村庄被连绵的山丘和茂密的森林所环绕。
The small village 　　　　　　　　　　 　　 rolling hills and thick forests.
with
surroundings
is surrounded by/with
6.favour vt.较喜欢;偏袒;有助于 n.帮助,好事;赞同;偏袒
·favourable adj.给人好印象的;赞同的;有利的
·favourite adj.特别受喜爱的;最喜欢的
[教材原句] As Louis Pasteur said,“Fortune favours the prepared mind.”
正如路易·巴斯德所说:“幸运眷顾有准备的人。”
例　(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Moreover,these data are biased and favor certain regions,time periods,and species.
此外,这些数据存在偏差,偏向于某些地区、时间段和物种。
例　(应用文写作之求助信)I sincerely hope you can do me a favour and give me some advice on how to improve my English writing skills.
我真诚地希望您能帮我一个忙,给我一些关于如何提高我的英语写作技巧的建议。
do sb a favour/do a favour for sb帮某人一个忙
归纳拓展
in favour of支持;赞同
in sb’s favour 对某人有利
own sb a favour欠某人一个人情
do sb a favour/do a favour for sb帮某人一个忙
ask sb a favour/ask a favour of sb请某人帮一个忙
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The book received a 　 　　　(favour) review.
However,others are 　　　　 favour of the conclusion because it’s of great benefit.
无论何时我们面临困难,我们的老师都会帮助我们。
Whenever we are faced with difficulties,our teachers will
　　　　　　　　　　　　.
(应用文写作之建议信)如果你有任何问题,不要犹豫向我求助。
If you have any questions,don’t hesitate to 　　　　　　 　　　　 　　.
favourable
in
do us a favour/
do a favour for us
ask me a favour/ask a favour of me
7.charge vt.& vi.充电;收费;控告;谴责;使……承担责任;使充满 n.收费;控告;
谴责;掌管
[教材原句] When a thunderstorm approached,the lightning would charge the key.
当雷雨来临,闪电就会给钥匙充电。
例　(2023·全国甲卷)So,it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.
所以,知道如何掩盖洞和重新粉刷房间是很有用的,这样我搬出去的时候就可以避免任何费用。
例　His neighbour charged him with making too much noise at night.
他的邻居控告他晚上制造太多噪声。
charge sb with (doing) sth=accuse sb of (doing) sth
因(做)某事控告某人
归纳拓展
·charge sb (money) for sth 就某事向某人索取费用
charge sb with (doing) sth=accuse sb of (doing) sth因(做)某事控告某人
·in charge of掌管;负责(表状态)
in the charge of sb=in sb’s charge 由某人负责/掌管
take charge of掌管;负责(表动作)
free of charge(=for free)免费的
[语境运用] 完成句子
那个店员被解雇了,因为她被指控欺诈顾客。
The shop assistant was dismissed as
　　　 　.
您的订单在三千米的范围内将被免费派送。
Your order 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 within a three-kilometre limit.
she was charged with cheating
customers
will be delivered free of charge
经理不在的时候他在管理商店。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　 while the manager was away.
他们将可以在任何地方使用新的共用充电器给手机充电。
They 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 anywhere with the new common charger.
The shop was in his charge/The shop was in the charge of him/He was in
charge of the shop/He took charge of the shop
will be able to charge mobile phones
重点句式
if引导虚拟条件句
▲
[教材原句] However,some people questioned whether he had actually done the experiment,arguing that if he had really done it,he would have received a deadly electric shock.
然而,有些人质疑他是否真的做了这个实验,他们认为,如果他真的做了,他就会受到致命的电击。
例　If I were you,I would pursue my dream without hesitation.
如果我是你,我会毫不犹豫地追求我的梦想。
与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句:从句谓语动词使用一般过去时(be动词用were),主句谓语动词用“would/could/should/might do”。
例　If you had told me the truth earlier,I might have been able to help you.
如果你早点告诉我真相,我可能就能够帮到你了。
与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句:从句谓语动词使用过去完成时(had done),主句谓语动词用“would/could/should/might have done”。
归纳拓展
·与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句:从句谓语动词使用过去完成时(had done),主句谓语动词用“would/could/should/might have done”。
·与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句:从句谓语动词使用一般过去时(be动词用were),主句谓语动词用“would/could/should/
might do”。
·与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句:从句谓语动词使用一般过去时或“were to do/should do”,主句谓语动词用“would/could/
should/might do”。
[语境运用] 完成句子
如果昨天没有下雨,我们就去野餐了。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,we would have gone for a picnic.
如果下周下雪,我们就可以堆雪人。
　　　　　　　　 　　　　,we could make a snowman.
如果我有更多的空闲时间,我会学习一门新语言。
　　　　　　　　　　　　,I would learn a new language.
If it had not rained yesterday
If it were to snow/should snow next week
If I had more free time
语法微专题4
动词-ed形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语
语法原句再现
Surprised by this,Fleming performed some tests.
The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria.
...and his hard work and determination helped get its mass production started.
Fortune favours the prepared mind.
注意以上句中加黑的单词,判断它们分别作什么句子成分。
语法知识点拨
一、动词-ed形式作定语
1.动词-ed形式作定语时,相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。分词所表示的动作与其所修饰的名词构成动宾关系。此时的动词-ed形式可以变成相应的定语从句。
The bridge built ten years ago needs repairing.(名词The bridge和build构成被动关系)
=The bridge which was built ten years ago needs repairing.(变为定语从句)
这座十年前建的桥需要修了。
温馨提示
①把动词-ed形式变为定语从句:先选定一个连接词,先行词是人用who/that,先行词是事物用that/which;再判断从句的时态;最后用该时态的被动形式。
Now,more and more foreigners buy the mobile phones made in China.(将画线部分变为定语从句)
分析:因为先行词是the mobile phones,是物,连接词用that/which;再判断从句的时态,是一般现在时;最后用一般现在时的被动形式are done。
Now,more and more foreigners buy the mobile phones that/which are made in China.
现在,越来越多的外国人购买中国制造的手机。
温馨提示
②一般来说,及物动词的动词-ed形式作定语,表示一个被动的、已完成的动作;不及物动词的动词-ed形式作定语不含有被动意义,只表示该动作已完成。
The ground is covered with the fallen leaves in autumn.
秋天,地上覆盖着落叶。(fallen只表示完成)
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
This is one of the schools 　　　　(build) in the 1980s.
The 　　　　 (rise) sun offers light and heat necessary for life on Earth.
built
risen
2.单个动词-ed形式作定语时,常常置于其所修饰的名词前;而动词-ed形式短语作定语时,常常置于其所修饰的名词后。
Many used cars are on sale now,and you can go to find a good one.(used是单个动词-ed形式作定语,修饰cars,放在前面)
现在很多二手车正在甩卖,你可以去找一辆好的。
I like the book bought on the Internet very much.(bought on the Internet是动词-ed形式短语作定语,放在名词book的后面)
我非常喜欢从网上买的那本书。
温馨提示
有些动词-ed形式表示特定含义时,单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后,如left (剩余的)、given (所给的)、concerned (有关的)等。
With only five minutes left,we had no choice but to hurry up.
只剩下5分钟了,我们别无选择,只能抓紧时间。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
There is little time 　　　　(leave).Let’s take action quickly.
Last Monday our class went on an 　　　 　(organise) trip.
The trees 　　 　　 (blow) down in the storm have been moved off the road.
left
organised
blown
3.动词-ed形式作定语和动词-ing形式作定语的区别。
形式 语态 时态
动词-ed形式(done) 被动 动作已完成
动词-ing形式(doing) 主动 动作正在进行
The young man sitting between John and Mary is their Chinese teacher.
(sitting表示主动和进行)
那个坐在约翰和玛丽之间的年轻人是他们的中文老师。
Nine out of ten women interviewed (=who were interviewed) about the product said they liked it.(interviewed表示被动和完成)
被采访的10位女士中有9个说喜欢这个产品。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
The car 　　 　　(belong) to my uncle is really cool.
The bridge 　　　　(build) in 2013 was designed by a local company.
The meeting 　　 　　(hold) yesterday is very important.
belonging
built
held
4.动词-ed形式、动词-ing形式的被动语态和动词不定式的被动语态作定语的区别。
形式 意义 例句
动词-ed形式(done) 表示被动动作已完成 The stadium built last year is the biggest one in our city.
去年建造的那个体育场是我市最大的体育场。
动词-ing形式的被动语态(being done) 表示被动动作正在进行 The stadium being built now will be the biggest one in our city.
现在正在被建造的那个体育场将是我市最大的体育场。
动词不定式的被动语态(to be done) 表示被动动作将要发生 The stadium to be built next year will be the biggest one in our city.明年将要建造的那个体育场将是我市最大的体育场。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
The problem 　　　 　(discuss) at present is difficult to solve.
They will attend the lecture 　　 　　(give) tomorrow afternoon.
The flowers 　　　 　 (plant) last year are very beautiful.
being discussed
to be given
planted
二、动词-ed形式作状语
动词-ed形式在句子中作状语时,修饰谓语动词,进一步说明谓语动作发生时的背景或状况,表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随、结果等,其逻辑主语通常为句子的主语,且与句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。 表示时间、原因、条件、让步状语时,可转换为相应的状语从句;表示方式、伴随和结果状语时,可转化为并列分句。
1.动词-ed形式作时间状语。
Told that his mother was ill,Li Lei hurried home quickly.
(相当于When he was told that his mother was ill,Li Lei hurried home quickly.)
得知母亲生病后,李雷马上赶回了家。
2.动词-ed形式作原因状语。
Moved by the story,he decided to study harder.
(相当于Because he was moved by the story,he decided to study harder.)
由于被这个故事感动,他决定更加努力学习。
3.动词-ed形式作条件状语。
Given enough time and proper guidance,the boy is sure to make achievements in music.
(相当于If he is given enough time and proper guidance,the boy is sure to make achievements in music.)
如果给予足够的时间和适当的指导,这个男孩在音乐方面一定会有所成就。
4.动词-ed形式作让步状语。
Published many times,the book still sells well in the market.
(相当于Although the book has been published many times,it still sells well in the market.)
尽管这本书已经出版过多次,但它在市场上仍然畅销。
5.动词-ed形式作方式状语。
The teacher came in,followed by some students.
(相当于The teacher came in and he/she was followed by some students.)
老师进来了,后面跟着一些学生。
6.动词-ed形式作伴随状语。
The girl sat there,lost in thought.
(相当于The girl sat there and she was lost in thought.)
女孩坐在那里,陷入深思。
7.动词-ed形式作结果状语。
The cup fell down to the ground,broken.
(相当于The cup fell down to the ground and it was broken.)
杯子掉到地上,碎了。
温馨提示
①动词-ed形式表示被动或已完成的动作,动词-ing形式表示主动或正在进行的动作;
②有些动词-ed形式及动词-ed形式短语来源于系表结构,作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态;
③动词-ed形式常跟when、while、after、if、unless、although/though、as if等连词一起使用,修饰谓语动词。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
We went to the theatre,　　　　 (fill) with excitement.
Generally speaking,when 　　 　　 (take) according to the directions,
the medicine has few side effects.
When 　　 　　 (ask) about the secret to his success,he said he owed his success to his hard work.
filled
taken
asked
三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语
动词-ed形式作宾语补足语时,表示被动意义或完成意义,有时两者兼而有之。与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者。
1.表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词,如feel、hear、listen to、see、watch、observe、look at、notice、find等后可接动词-ed形式作宾语补足语。
I often hear him praised by our teachers.
我经常听到他被我们的老师们表扬。
If you watch long enough,you will see many problems settled in this way.
如果你观察的时间足够长,你会看到很多问题都是这样解决的。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
We can hear the windows 　　　　(beat) by the heavy raindrops.
When he woke up,he found himself 　　　 　 (surround) by a group of children.
beaten
surrounded
2.表示“指使”等意义的使役动词,如have、make、get、keep、leave等后可接动词-ed形式作宾语补足语。
Jenny hopes that Mr Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English improved in a short period.
珍妮希望史密斯先生能提出一个在短时间内提高她的英语写作水平的好
方法。
I raised my voice to make myself heard.
我提高嗓音让自己的声音被听到。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
They managed to make themselves 　　 　　(understand) by using very simple English.
I can’t leave such an important matter 　　 　　(finish).
You must get the report　　 　　(prepare) before 7 o’clock tomorrow morning.
understood
unfinished
prepared
3.with复合结构中可以使用动词-ed形式作宾语补足语。此时过去分词与句子的主语没有逻辑关系,此结构在句中通常作时间、方式、条件、原因和伴随状语。
With all the work done,I feel very relaxed now.
所有的工作都做完了,我现在感到很放松。
温馨提示
动词-ed形式和动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的区别如下所示:
当宾语与作宾语补足语的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时,用动词-ed形式;当宾语与作宾语补足语的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时,用动词-ing形式(动作正在进行或一直处于某种状态)。
I saw him beaten by Tom.
我看到他被汤姆打了。(him与beat是被动关系)
We saw him talking to her.
我们看到他正在与她谈话。(动作正在进行)
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
With all the walls 　 　　　(paint) with bright colours,the room looks rather lively.
He is in deep thought,with his head 　　 　　(bury) in his hands.
With his hand 　　　　(raise) high,he seemed to ask me for help.
With knowledge and skills 　　 　　(gain) in this university,I will play a more active role in contributing to my country.
painted
buried
raised
gained
真题赏析
1.(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly
　　　 　(sun) clothes is one of them.
【解析】 考查动词-ed形式作定语。 分析句子结构可知,此处应用动词
-ed形式作定语,修饰名词clothes。故填sunned。
sunned
2.(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)　　 　　 (determine) to turn her life around, Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a healthy lifestyle, before discovering a passion for weightlifting.
【解析】 考查动词-ed形式作状语。 分析句子结构可知,此处应用动词-ed形式作原因状语,且空处位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Determined。
Determined
3.(2025·浙江1月卷)　　(lead) by the concept of “right plant,right place”,
they match plants that enjoy the same soil,sun and weather conditions,
and arrange them according to their patterns of growth.
【解析】 考查动词-ed形式作状语。分析句子结构可知,此处为非谓语动词作状语,主语they和lead构成被动关系,应用动词-ed形式。位于句首,首字母大写。故填Led。
Led
4.(2024·全国甲卷)Firstly,　　 　　 (share) bicycles have emerged as a symbol of urban mobility,offering an affordable and green alternative for short trips.
【解析】 考查动词-ed形式作定语。句中bicycles与share构成被动关系,应用动词-ed形式作定语。故填shared。
shared
5.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Two years later,a six-meter-tall pavilion,
(inspire) by The Peony Pavilion,was built at the Firs Garden,just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
【解析】 考查动词-ed形式作状语。句中a six-meter-tall pavilion与inspire构成被动关系,应用动词-ed形式作状语。故填inspired。
inspired
6.(2023·浙江1月卷)Note:The times 　 　　　(list) on the schedules are departure times,not arrival times.
【解析】 考查动词-ed形式作定语。句中The times与list构成被动关系,应用动词-ed形式作定语。故填listed。
listed
7.(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)With over 2,500 bikes 　 　　　(store) in our five rental shops at strategic locations,we make sure there is always a bike available for you.
【解析】 考查动词-ed形式作宾语补足语。分析句子结构可知,此处是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语与宾语补足语构成被动关系,应用动词
-ed形式作宾语补足语。故填stored。
stored
8.(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)　　 　　 (encourage) by his words,I agreed to give it a try.
【解析】 考查动词-ed形式作状语。句中I与encourage构成被动关系,应用动词-ed形式作状语,且位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Encouraged。
Encouraged
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.The boss was glad to see many new products 　　 　　(develop) after great efforts.
2.Listening to music at home is one thing,and going to hear it
(perform) live is quite another.
3.The shop owner asked us to have Wi-Fi 　　 　　(connect) to his shop.
4.This film,　　 　　(intend) for kids under 13,is shown at the local cinema.
developed
performed
connected
intended
5.He walked into the room quietly in order not to make himself
(notice).
6.With all his energy 　　 　　 (concentrate) on his painting,he didn’t notice it was raining heavily outside.
7.If 　　　 　 (accept) for the job,you’ll be informed soon.
8.　　 　　 (dress) in a new dress,she looks very beautiful.
9.Though 　 　　　 (defeat) many times,Tom didn’t give up.
noticed
concentrated
accepted
Dressed
defeated
Ⅱ.句型转换
1.The library which was built in 1995 is still in good condition.
→The library 　 .
2.He was devoted to his research,so that he had no time to relax.
→　　　　　　 　　,he had no time to relax.
3.When I arrived there,I noticed the car was stuck in the mud.
→When I arrived there,I 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　.
built in 1995 is still in good condition
Devoted to his research
noticed the car stuck in the mud
4.If I was given more time,I would be able to finish the task.
→　　　　　　　 　　　,I would be able to finish the task.
5.The doctor tried her best to save the girl who was seriously injured in the accident.
→The doctor tried her best to save the girl seriously 　 .
Given more time
injured in the accident
6.The athlete walked onto the platform,and he was followed by two other prizewinners.
→The athlete walked onto the platform,　　　　　　 　　　　　 　　.
7.In recent years,we have seen large areas of wetlands that were damaged by human activities.
→In recent years,　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 by human activities.
followed by two other prizewinners
we have seen large areas of wetlands damaged
8.The man who is cheering up the team members is the organiser of this activity.
→The man 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is the organiser of this activity.
cheering up the team members(共37张PPT)
Unit 4　话题提升训练2
(分值:42.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共7题;每题2.5分,共17.5分)
A
Dramatic progress has been witnessed in the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) which benefits from those great contributions some famous ancient doctors made and some experience they accumulated.The following three stand out among the famous ancient doctors.
Hua Tuo
Hua Tuo,famous physician of the late Eastern Han Dynasty,also named Hua Fu,was born at Qiao County in Peiguo (now Bozhou,Anhui Province).
He led a simple life,away from fame and fortune.He would rather become a travelling physician for ordinary people.
Hua Tuo was an expert in several medical fields,such as internal medicine,surgery,gynecology,pediatrics and acupuncture.He was the first person to perform surgery with the aid of anesthesia (by applying Ma Fei San,a herbal anesthetic he invented) some 1,600 years before Europeans did.
Zhang Zhongjing
Zhang Zhongjing,also known as Zhang Ji,was one of the most distinguished Chinese physicians during the later years of the Eastern Han Dynasty.He lived in today’s Nanyang in Henan Province.He was known as the “medical sage” by later generations due to his outstanding contributions to TCM.
During his time,many people were infected with an illness caused by fever in the war.Zhang’s family was no exception.The experience stimulated his motivation in medicine.He learnt medicine by studying from his town’s fellow Zhang Bozu,absorbing previous medicinal literature,collecting many prescriptions,and finally writing the medical masterpiece Shanghan Zabing Lun.Unfortunately,shortly after its publication,the book was lost during wartime.
Li Shizhen
Li Shizhen was a famous medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty.He loved medicine from an early age and followed in the footsteps of his ancestors as a doctor.He not only paid attention to accumulating experience in curing diseases,but also visited the famous mountains where medicinal materials were produced.
On this basis,it took him 27 years to compile (编著) the pharmaceutical masterpiece,Compendium of Materia Medica,which is known as the “Encyclopedia of Ancient China” and has made an important contribution to the development of classical medicine in China.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了中国古代的三位名医。
(　　)1.What do the three famous doctors mentioned in the passage have in common
[A]Their books never came out.
[B]They travelled extensively across China.
[C]They led the way worldwide in their own fields.
[D]They contributed themselves to the development of TCM.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,本文提及的三位名医都对中医做出了巨大贡献。故选D。
(　　)2.What can we learn from the passage
[A]Hua Tuo was desperate for reputation and fortune.
[B]Li Shizhen came from a family of doctors.
[C]Li Shizhen led a simple life at an early age.
[D]Zhang Zhongjing’s medical masterpiece vanished before publication.
B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据“Li Shizhen”部分中的“He loved medicine from an early age and followed in the footsteps of his ancestors as a doctor.”可知,李时珍出身于一个医学世家。故选B。
(　　)3.In which section of a magazine may this passage appear
[A]Healthy lifestyles.
[B]Daily entertainment.
[C]Historical figures.
[D]Fitness management.
C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句和下文内容可知,本文主要介绍了华佗、张仲景和李时珍三位中国古代的名医及其贡献,由此可推测出,本文最有可能出现在杂志的历史人物版块。故选C。
B
Lam Hon-ming is a top expert in soybean (大豆) research.Since 1998,Lam’s team has been cooperating with other scientists.In 2010,he came across Zhang Guohong,an agricultural expert from Gansu,at a national soybean conference.With the same major,they hit it off and decided to improve farmers’ lives and promote local agriculture.
Farmers in Gansu depend largely on the weather for their livelihood,
mainly on rainfall,which is also a cause of severe poverty in the area.In 2016,they developed three new soybean varieties suited to salty soil and rare rainfall of the northwest of China.All received official government approval.
As the land in the northwest of China is not suitable for the growth of common varieties of soybeans,local farmers never planted soybeans,and it became a major problem for spreading new soybeans.Lam and Zhang increased communication with farmers through various ways.To ensure farmers’ income,Lam struck a partnership with a Hong Kong food company that would purchase all soybeans at market price when they were harvested.
By 2020,the planting area of the three approved soybeans in Gansu had gone beyond 2.4 million square kilometres,covering 46 of the province’s 80-plus counties,and the output had reached 7.71 million kilogrammes,adding about 30 million yuan to local farmers’ income.
Zhang said that Professor Lam’s contribution has greatly pushed the poverty relief and agricultural research in the northwest of China.“It is hard to keep doing agricultural research with less funding.And it is more difficult to travel from Hong Kong to the poor areas of the Northwest to do agricultural research,” he added.In the future,Lam will continue to work with other scientists and lead more power into the development of the country’s Northwest.
【语篇导读】 本文是新闻报道。文章讲述了“大豆专家”林汉明和甘肃省农业专家张国宏通过自己的研究成果帮助甘肃省农民改善生活,推动甘肃省当地农业发展。
(　　)4.What can we know about the two scientists from Paragraph 1
[A]They are friends since 1998.
[B]They both majored in agriculture.
[C]They once served in the same lab.
[D]They met by chance in Hong Kong.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,这两位科学家都主修农学。故选B。
(　　)5.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to
[A]Rainfall is not enough.
[B]The locals lived a poor life.
[C]Little land is rich in nutrition.
[D]The farmers never planted soybeans.
D
【解析】 代词指代题。根据画线词所在句可知,it指代上文提及的当地农民从不种植大豆这一情况。故选D。
(　　)6.What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us
[A]More work needs to be done.
[B]All farmers become better-off.
[C]The two scientists are successful.
[D]Soybeans grow throughout Gansu.
C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知,当地大豆的产量提高了,农民的收入增加了,由此说明两位科学家成功了。故选C。
(　　)7.Which of the following can best describe Lam Hon-ming
[A]Dependent. [B]Honest.
[C]Open-minded. [D]Devoted.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知,林汉明具有奉献精神。故选D。
Ⅱ.读后续写(25分)
　　阅读下面的材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段话,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It’s hard being an astronaut’s son.I often wonder how my father ever had a son like me.I mean he’s so special and so good at everything he does.But I’m just an average eleven-year-old kid.
Nowadays I dream about being a famous writer,but I used to dream about doing something special to impress my father and make him proud of me—something like rescuing a child from a burning building.
I was dreaming in school one morning,which I often do.I was daydreaming about being some kind of hero when my friend Ellen reminded me of my English teacher’s announcement about a Father’s Day essay contest.
“I hope we have winners right here in my English class,” she said.
“There are three prizes for each of you.”
When I got home,I kissed my mum quickly.Then I went upstairs to my room and sat down with a pen and a pad of paper.I started to think about what I would write.
How did I see my father Mmm...
I saw him teaching me how to use a bat and how to throw baseball.
I remembered how he hugged me for hours when my dog Spotty was hit and killed by a car.
And I remembered how he sat and tried to explain death to me when Grandpa Bob died.
These were the things I was going to write about my dad.To me,he wasn’t just a famous astronaut.He was my dad.
I wrote about all these memories and put them in my essay.I handed it in the next day and was surprised to find out that the winning essays would be read in the lecture hall on Thursday night.All the parents and students were invited.
My parents and I went to school on Thursday night.One of our neighbours said,“I bet you’ll win the contest,David.I bet you wrote what it’s like to be the son of an astronaut,and you’re the only one in town who could write about that.”
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Paragraph 1:
I shrugged and then the first prize winner—Ellen was announced.
Paragraph 2:
Surprised and thrilled,I went up to the stage.
[情节构建]
情节线 情感线
速读文章定要素 Who I,my friend Ellen,my parents 自卑
惊讶、充满期待
失落、失望
又惊又喜
自豪、满足
When On a Thursday night
Where In the lecture hall of my school
What I wrote an essay about my father for a Father’s Day essay contest.Instead of writing about my father’s fame as an astronaut,I wrote about personal experiences and moments shared with my father that made me feel special and loved.
明确冲突定主题 Conflict & Clue Conflict:①I felt ordinary compared to my exceptional father.②I wanted my father’s recognition but was unsure if my writing could adequately convey my deep feelings for him. Clue:①My English teacher announced a Father’s Day essay contest.②To me,he wasn’t just a famous astronaut.He was my dad.③One of our neighbours said,“I bet you’ll win the contest,David.I bet you wrote what it’s like to be the son of an astronaut,and you’re the only one in town who could write about that.” 自卑
惊讶、充满期待
失落、失望
又惊又喜
自豪、满足
Theme The relationship between father and son and personal identity
预设问题定走向 Para.1 I shrugged and then the first prize winner—Ellen was announced. Q1:What did I feel at the announcement Q2:What did Ellen do and what was my parents’ response Q3:What happened at last before I went up to the stage 自卑
惊讶、充满期待
失落、失望
又惊又喜
自豪、满足
Para.2 Surprised and thrilled,I went up to the stage. Q1:What would I do and say on the stage Q2:What was my dad’s response Q3:What lesson did I get from the experience (共41张PPT)
Unit 4　话题提升训练1
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共12题;每题2.5分,共30分)
A
In recent years,China has become the largest producer and consumer of fruit in the world.Ninety-five-year-old Wu Mingzhu,a native of Wuhan,is the unknown hero who has helped make this possible.
“About 80 percent of the watermelons and sweet melons served at people’s dining tables every day are the result of painful efforts made by Wu and her team over more than 60 years,” said Mr Zhang,a colleague of Wu’s.
Helping others had long been a dream of hers.And she thought the most beautiful thing in life is that everything you create can serve the people,so she made efforts to grow quality melons,which began paying off later.She is one of more than the 8,000 agricultural scientists who have come to Hainan annually from across the country over the past 60 years and have cultivated more than 20,000 of China’s new seed varieties through off-season breeding.
Using innovative measures such as radiation mutation breeding,double haploid breeding and distant hybridization breeding,Wu and her team developed new germ-plasm (种质) resources,from which they cultivated more than 30 watermelon and muskmelon (香瓜) varieties with better adaptability and stronger disease resistance,said Yi Hongping,former director of the Xinjiang Muskmelon Research Centre.
The new melon varieties have been promoted to more than 1.86 million hectares of fields from north to south.Some of these varieties have been promoted overseas,as far as California.Wu’s work has left her a number of honours.The “queen of melons” became an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 1999 and an honorary citizen of Sanya in 2004.
【语篇导读】 本文是新闻报道。文章主要报道了吴明珠院士在培育优质瓜种的工作中做出的贡献。
(　　)1.Why did Wu Mingzhu mainly want to grow high-end melons
[A]Because she wanted to make China the largest producer of melons.
[B]Because China is the largest consumer of melons in the world.
[C]Because she wanted to create something that could serve the people.
[D]Because it had long been a dream of hers.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And she thought the most beautiful thing...began paying off later.”可知,吴明珠院士想培育出高品质的瓜是因为她想创造出一些能为人民服务的东西。故选C。
(　　)2.What can be inferred from Paragraph 4
[A]Wu and her team cultivated melon varieties that could resist every disease.
[B]Wu and her team cultivated high-quality melons from the new germ-plasm resources.
[C]Wu and her team cultivated 30 watermelon varieties from double haploid breeding.
[D]Wu and her team cultivated melon varieties that could adapt to any circumstance.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Wu and her team developed new germ-plasm (种质) resources...varieties with better adaptability and stronger disease resistance”可知,吴明珠院士和她的团队成员利用新的种质资源,培育出高质量的瓜品种。故选B。
(　　)3.Which of the following about Wu Mingzhu is NOT true from the text
[A]She has cultivated more than 20,000 of China’s new seed varieties.
[B]She is committed to her work and makes remarkable achievements.
[C]She has helped make China the largest consumer of fruit in the world in recent years.
[D]She wins a number of honorary titles due to her contributions.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。 根据第三段中的“She is one of more than the 8,000 agricultural scientists...cultivated more than 20,000 of China’s new seed varieties through off-season breeding.”可知,两万多种新型种子是由 8 000 多名农业科学家培育出来的。故选A。
(　　)4.What type of writing is this text
[A]A short story.
[B]An advertisement.
[C]A scientific research.
[D]A news report.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段“In recent years,China has become the largest...who has helped make this possible.”以及全文内容可知,本文主要介绍了吴明珠院士在培育优质瓜种的工作中做出的贡献及其获得的荣誉,因此推测文章是一篇介绍名人事迹的新闻报道。故选D。
B
Imagine if the same jacket that warms you up on cold days would also cool you down on hot ones.Fabrics with “phase-change properties (相变性)” can do that.And a research team from China now shows that 3D printing techniques can produce a strong phase-change cloth.
This new fabric not only helps regulate temperatures,but also conducts electricity.It even resists the radio waves used in Wi-Fi.“The combination of those properties is very amazing,” says Sergio Granados-Focil.He did not take part in the cloth’s development.But this polymer (聚合物) chemist at Clark University in Worcester is familiar with phase-change materials.
Water goes through a phase-change cloth when it freezes or evaporates (蒸发).The removal or addition of heat causes the change between phases.
Imagine ice cubes melting into a glass of water.The ice absorbs the water’s heat.That warms up the ice,but cools down the water.Phase-change cloth also works by moving heat around.The Chinese team trapped a phase-changing polymer inside the fabric.It changes between a crystal (晶体) and a non-crystal form.Becoming a crystal absorbs or removes body heat.That will cool you down.But this heat isn’t gone.The fabric stores it.And the polymer will release that heat when it changes back into a non-crystal.That now warms you up.
“The new fabric contains a novel mix of materials.In developing it,” says Zhang Yongyi,“for the first time we demonstrate a 3D printing strategy and we believe the new cloth can be promising in the future.” Zhang studies nanotechnology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Suzhou.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了我国研究人员发明的一种由3D打印技术制作的新型布料——“相变布”。
(　　)5.What are the materials of the special jacket in Paragraph 1
[A]Cool fabrics.
[B]Warm fabrics.
[C]3D printers with their techniques.
[D]Fabrics with “phase-change properties”.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段第一、第二句可知,第一段中提到的特殊夹克的材料是具有“相变性”的织物。故选D。
(　　)6.What is the function of the phase-change cloth
[A]Working as Wi-Fi.
[B]Allowing electricity through.
[C]Sending radio waves.
[D]Changing the room’s temperature.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,“相变布”有让电流通过的功能。故选B。
(　　)7.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
[A]What a crystal consists of.
[B]How the phase-change cloth works.
[C]Why the Chinese team did the research.
[D]Where the phase-changing polymer is from.
B
【解析】 段落大意题。根据第三段中的“Water goes through a phase-change cloth ...works by moving heat around.”可知,第三段主要介绍了这种“相变布”的工作原理。故选B。
(　　)8.What can we learn from Zhang Yongyi’s words
[A]The Chinese researchers are confident.
[B]The future of the new cloth is doubtful.
[C]The 3D printing strategy is disapproving.
[D]Reading novels helps to invent new materials.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Zhang Yongyi所说的话可推知,中国的研究人员对“相变布”非常有信心。故选A。
C
Yuan Longping,developer of hybrid rice,passed away on May 22nd,2021,
aged 91.Because of him,China’s rice crop had risen from 57 million tonnes in 1950 to 195 million in 2017;from food deficiency,to food security.People not only ate more,but ate better.Once his rice grew well,he sent seeds to the International Rice Research Institute.Then he travelled widely,all across Asia and to Africa and America,as well as inviting foreign students to the Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Centre in Changsha to instruct them.A fifth of all rice grown globally now comes from hybrids that were his.
For this he won the Medal of the Republic and the World Food Prize.
Some even thought he deserved a Nobel Prize.However,he didn’t care about his fame and fortune.He always wore the plainest clothes,with his face weathered by the sun and his big hands rough from “playing in the mud” all day.He was far happier in his short-sleeved work-shirts out in his rice fields,than in a decent suit in some conference halls.
In the past,he witnessed hunger.At the college,too,there was so little to eat that he hardly had energy to work.He dreamed of bowls of steamed fat pork,but woke to chew on rice bran.It was then that he found his mission:
to make sure people were fed.
He began to do the research and travelled around China to find the plants he needed.After he had found them,in some remote areas in Hainan,
it took him three years to perfect the hybridizing and another three years to get his super rice into commercial production.Then,in a steep curve,
yields soared away.
Outside the funeral home in Changsha on the day after his death,
mourners said that whenever they sat down to a meal,or merely smelled the fragrance of rice,they would remember “Grandfather Yuan”.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了袁隆平的生平和主要成就。
(　　)9.What does underlined word “deficiency” in the first paragraph mean
[A]Shortage. [B]Decrease.
[C]Cultivation. [D]Sufficiency.
A
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据第一段中的“China’s rice crop had risen from 57 million tonnes in 1950 to 195 million in 2017”和“People not only ate more,but ate better.”可知,袁隆平使中国从缺少粮食到不缺,再到让人们可以吃到更好的粮食,因此推测画线词deficiency的意思是“短缺”,和shortage意思相近。故选A。
(　　)10.What does the author want to show by describing Yuan Longping’s appearance in Paragraph 2
[A]He had no gift in fashion.
[B]He cared little about wealth and fame.
[C]He lived a very poor life.
[D]He put all his money in his research.
B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“However,he didn’t care about his fame and fortune...from ‘playing in the mud’ all day.”可知,作者在第二段描述了袁隆平的外表,以显示他不在乎名利。故选B。
(　　)11.Which of the following words that describe Yuan Longping’s good qualities is not mentioned in the article
[A]Plain. [B]Selfless.
[C]Devoted. [D]Brave.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However,he didn’t care about his fame and fortune.” 可知,他很简单、朴素;根据第三段中的“It was then that he found his mission:to make sure people were fed.”可知,他是无私和有奉献精神的人,因此本文没提到他勇敢的品质。故选D。
(　　)12.What can we learn from the passage
[A]Yuan would rather attend some important conferences than stay in the field.
[B]Yuan travelled around the world to do research on rice planting.
[C]Yuan felt great sympathy for the people suffering from hunger.
[D]Yuan was determined to be engaged in agriculture from an early age.
C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In the past,he witnessed hunger.”和“It was then that he found his mission:to make sure people were fed.”可知,他对那些挨饿的人抱有极大的同理心。故选C。
Ⅱ.应用文写作(15分)
假设你是李华,你的外国朋友Jack发邮件称他想要了解中国的科学家。请你给他回一封邮件,向他介绍一位你熟悉的科学家,内容包括:
1.介绍这位科学家的事迹或成就;
2.简要说明这位科学家对你的影响。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Dear Jack,
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
[写作指导]
第一步:审题谋篇
体裁:应用文
时态:一般现在时和一般过去时
内容:1.介绍这位科学家的事迹或成就;2.简要说明这位科学家对你的影响。
第二步:列提纲 (重点词组):show interest in;commit;motivate;determine等。
第三步:连词成句
1.Knowing that you show interest in great Chinese scientists,I’ll introduce my favourite scientist,Tu Youyou,to you.
2.Tu Youyou committed most of her time to finding the cure for malaria.
3.Motivated by her devotion and persistence,I determined to study harder to realise my dream.
第四步:连句成篇(衔接词)
表因果关系:therefore;so;because;hence
表并列递进关系:to begin with;first of all;besides;in addition
高分句型:
1.In 2015,she was awarded the Nobel Prize for discovering artemisinin,
which is the key to the treatment of malaria.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
2.So great is her contribution to the world that she has become a model for many people,including me.(运用了倒装结构)
One possible version:
Dear Jack,
Knowing that you show interest in great Chinese scientists,I’ll introduce my favourite scientist,Tu Youyou,to you.
Tu Youyou committed most of her time to finding the cure for malaria.
In 2015,she was awarded the Nobel Prize for discovering artemisinin,which is the key to the treatment of malaria.So great is her contribution to the world that she has become a model for many people,including me.Motivated by her devotion and persistence,I determined to study harder to realise my dream.
I hope her story can also have a positive effect on you.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua

展开更多......

收起↑