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外研社课文改编系列
Unit 1. Growing up
PART 1
The Age of Majority
Unit 1. A child of Two Cuisines
In most countries, turning 18 ________________ (mark) the start of adulthood. But what does reaching this milestone, the age of majority, really mean Will you be ____________________ (complete) in charge of your own life and able to express yourself in new and __________________ (excite) ways What new________________________ (responsible) will this freedom bring Here, three young people tell us ____________ turning 18 means, or meant, to them.
marks
completely
exciting
responsibilities
what
Unit 1. A child of Two Cuisines
Bethany 16, Victoria, Australia
I can't wait ________________ (be) 18. One reason is _____________ although I’ve been working ever since leaving school, I won't be voting in the next general _____________________ (elect). Why Because I still won't be old enough. Surely, if you're old enough __________________________ (earn) a wage and pay taxes, you should _____________________________ (allow) to have a say on how the government spends them! I've also been taking driving lessons, and in fact I will be taking my driving test on the very day I turn 18.
to be
that
election
to earn
be allowed
Unit 1. A child of Two Cuisines
My mum worries _______________ me being behind the wheel. As an ambulance driver, she has seen a lot of car ______________________ (accident) involving teenagers and thinks the legal age for _____________________ (get) a driving licence should be 21. But I think I'm already mature enough understand that driving a car also _________________(mean) taking responsibility _________ my life and the lives of other people
about
accidents
getting
means
for
Unit 1. A child of Two Cuisines
Lin Ning 19. Shanghai China
I celebrated my 18th birthday just before I _______ (go) to university. I expected to feel ________________ （instant） different, as if I had closed the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world. ________ it wasn't like that. When I woke up _________ next day, there were still rules to obey and lessons __________________ (attend). In fact. the change has been more subtle and gradual than I imagined. Instead of _________________ (be) the selfish teenager I used to be, I have begun to feel more aware ________ other people and to develop a stronger sense of social ________________________ (responsible).
went
instantly
But
the
to attend
being
of
responsibility
Unit 1. A child of Two Cuisines
To give _____ example, I will be signing an organ donation agreement this time tomorrow. This was a big ________________ (decide) for me and I made it without _________________ (ask) my parents (although I knew they would approve). Turning 18 also changed the way that society viewed me. I was really ______________________ (surprise) when a bank contacted me with a credit card offer. Of course. I would like _________________________ (have) more freedom with money and no doubt I will be getting a credit card at some point, __________ I currently don’t have a stead income, so getting a credit card might tempt me to spend more money __________I have!
an
decision
asking
surprised
to have
but
than
Unit 1. A child of Two Cuisines
Morgan 20, Florida, the US
People say that 18 marks ________ new chapter in our lives, and that we should become more ____________________________（independent). I used ____________________ (believe) this, but the ________________ (real) for me has been very different. I assumed I'd already have _____ well-paid job and that I'd be moving into a rented apartment as soon as I turned 18, __________ how wrong I was. My librarians salary means ______________ I'll be living at home with my parents for a while longer.
a
independent
to believe
reality
a
but
that
Unit 1. A child of Two Cuisines
Because I contribute _______ the household bills and my commute to work is quite expensive, I find ________ hard to save any money. I'll be starting a new job next month, however, so maybe things will get ______________ (easy). I know I could get a bank loan _________________ (pay) the deposit on my very own apartment, but I don’t feel ready _____________________ (make) that kind of commitment, and I do like my mom’s ____________________ (cook). I guess some ___________________________ (responsible) are more about attitude than age.
to
it
easier
to pay
to make
cooking
responsibilities
PART 2
The Little Prince
The Little Prince
Once when I was six years old I __________ (see) a magnificent picture in a book, __________________ (call) True Stories from Nature, about the primeval forest. It was a picture of a boa constrictor in the act of ___________________ (swallow) an animal. Here is a copy of the __________________ (draw).
In the book it said: ＂Boa constrictors swallow their prey whole, without ___________________ (chew) it. After that they are not able ___________________ (move)， and they sleep through the six ________________ (month) that they need for digestion.
saw
called
swallowing
drawing
chewing
to move
months
The Little Prince
I pondered deeply, then, over the adventures of the jungle. And after some work with a colored pencil I succeeded in __________________ (make) my first drawing. My Drawing Number One. It looked like this:
I showed my masterpiece ______ the grown-ups, and ______________ (ask) them whether the drawing ______________________ (frighten) them.
_________ they answered: Frighten Why should anyone _________________________ (frighten) by a hat ”
making
to
asked
frightened
But
be frightened
The Little Prince
My drawing was not a picture of ______ hat. It was a picture of a boa constrictor _____________________ (digest) an elephant. But since the grown-ups were not able to understand it, I made another ___________________ (draw): I drew the inside of the boa constrictor, so that the grown-ups could see it ________________ (clear). They always need to have things _____________________ (explain). My Drawing Number Two looked like this:
a
digesting
drawing
clearly
explained
The Little Prince
The grown-ups’ ____________________ (respond), this time, was to advise me _______________ (lay) aside my drawings of boa constrictors. whether from the inside or the outside, and devote myself instead ________ geography, history arithmetic and grammar. That is why, _______ the age of six, I gave up what might have been a magnificent career ________ a painter. I had been disheartened by the failure of my Drawing Number One and my Drawing Number Two. Grown-ups never understand anything by ____________________ (they), and it is tiresome for children to be always and forever explaining things to them.
response
to lay
to
at
as
themselves
The Little Prince
So then I _______________ (choose) another profession, and learned to pilot airplanes I have flown a little over all parts of the world: and it is true __________ geography has been very useful to me. At a glance I can distinguish China ___________ Arizona. If one gets lost _______ the night, such knowledge is ____________________ (value).
In the course of this life, I have had a great many encounters with a great many people __________ have been concerned with matters of ________________________ (consequent). I have lived a great deal among grown-ups. I have seen them _____________________ (intimate), close at hand. And that hasn't much improved my opinion of them.
chose
that
from
in
valuable
consequence
who
intimately
The Little Prince
Whenever I met one of them __________ seemed to me at all clear-sighted, I tried the experiment of showing him my Drawing Number One, ____________ I have always kept. I would try to find out, so, if this was a person of true __________________________ (understand). But, whoever it was, he, or she, would always say:＂That is a hat“
Then I would never talk ______ that person about boa constrictors, or primeval forests, or stars. I would bring myself down to his level. I would talk to ___________ （he) about bridge, and golf, and politics and neckties. And the grown-up would be greatly _________________ (please) to have met such a sensible man.
(Excerpt from The Little Prince by Antoine de Saint-Exupery)
who
which
understanding
him
to
pleased
Unit 2. Improving yourself
PART 1
Social Media Detox
Social Media Detox
Moderator:
Today marks the last day of the Social Media Detox, Brenton High’s fundraising campaign for new sports _____________________ (equip). At the start of the detox, over 100 students had been persuaded __________________ (stop) using social media, in ANY form, for seven days. This ____________________ (mean) no messaging friends, no posting photos, no blogging----nothing. They had _________________________ (promise) money by family and friends for each day spent without _______________ (use) social media. They were nervous. But could they do it
equipment
to stop
meant
been promised
using
Social Media Detox
With the detox ____________________ (finish), they’ve switched on their devices and they’re back online. I bet you’re ________ eager as I am ______________ (find) out just how many have _____________________ (motivate) enough to last the full seven days! And what, if anything, have _______________________ (learn) from the experience
finished
as
to find
been motivated
been learnt
Social Media Detox
Anna 17
I _________________ (last) two days. The detox was more difficult ______________________ (tolerate) than I _____________________ (expect). I felt like I had lost an arm! Not eating for two days would have been _______________ (easy)! But on reflection, I can see how much of my time had been occupied with _________________ (check) my phone. I’m now trying to spend less time online and more time ___________________ （pick） up my hobbies.
lasted
to tolerate
had expected
easier
checking
picking
Social Media Detox
Devon 16
I lasted four days. ______ Monday, our classmate and I spoke about what we did at the weekend—it felt strange not to already know ____________ he had done. We would have posted pictures and updated our profiles. _______________ (do) the detox meant we had to talk and explain ___________ we were doing and _________________ (think)! It made me realize the value of real contact that I _________________________ (forget).
On
what
Doing
what
thinking
had forgotten
Social Media Detox
Cindy 18
I managed the whole week! At first, I really felt I was missing out. Then, instead of ____________________ (message) my friend, I went around to her house. Without our phones, we had a proper conversation for over two ______________ (hour). Without ________________________ (distract) by messages from other people, it felt so good! Then I decided _______________________ (visit) a different friend every day. By the ___________ (five) day, I wondered—was I really missing out by not ______________________ (constant) checking my phone to see what everyone else was up to
messaging
hours
being distracted
fifth
to visit
constantly
Social Media Detox
Gorge 16
I _______ (do) all seven days, too! To be honest, I didn’t find the detox too difficult, but I did give my phone to my father to avoid ________________ (give) in! My brother thought I should make full use _____ the time without my phone; so he ___________ (take) me to check out our local sports centre. An hour’s sport each day left me tired out and ____________ (send) me early to bed. The detox made me _______________________ (healthy)!
did
giving
of
sent
took
healthier
Social Media Detox
Max 17
I’m embarrassed _________________ (say) that I threw in the towel _______ the first day! I knew there was a party happening that evening, but without access _______ social media I couldn’t remember where it was! In the end, I turn on my phone __________________ (check), but couldn’t resist ________________ (have) a quick look at my social media accounts. What’s _____________ (bad), I then spent so much time ______________________ (catch) up on news, I almost ________________ (miss) the party.
to say
on
to
to check
having
worse
catching
missed
Social Media Detox
Moderator
The detox raised a total of $1,632.82 for new school sports ____________________ (equip)! Well done, everyone __________ took part! After _____________________ (read) the posts on this forum, it seems _____________ something rather than money has also been raised through the detox. _____________________ (aware) of just how much we rely _________ social media can help us step away from it and communicate _________ each other _________________ （well).
equipment
who
reading
that
Awareness
on
with
better
PART 2
Valuable Values
Valuable Values
The spending power of young people _________________ (vary) from person to person. Each, however, is faced ________ the same question: what to do with the money Some handle this less well than others. Recent headlines have seen more and more teens maxing out their parents’ credit cards ______ games and other online ________________ (activity).
varies
with
on
activities
Valuable Values
In contrast _________ these big spenders, there are also teens that prove age is no barrier to making good use _______ money. ________ the help of her grandfather, eight-year-old Khloe Thompson started making “Kare Bags” for the homeless people in her district. Inside the bags are ____________________________ (necessity) such as toothpaste, soap and socks, bought first with her pocket money and then through crowd funding. These items helped to make the lives of the poor and homeless people a little bit ______________ (easy). On _____________________ (receive) a Kare bag, one woman said, “You make me feel like a human being.”
to
of
With
easier
necessities
receiving
Valuable Values
However people intend __________________ (use) their money, __________________ (manage) it seems to be unprecedentedly important to younger generations. A 2016 study said 17 states of the US require high school students ___________________ (take) course in personal finance. For those who have no access _______ courses, help might be at hand thanks to Jerry Witkovsky and his method of _________________ (use） four jars to teach teenagers ___________ to spend their money wisely.
to use
managing
to take
using
to
how
Valuable Values
However people intend __________________ (use) their money, __________________ (manage) it seems to be unprecedentedly important to younger generations. A 2016 study said 17 states of the US require high school students ___________________ (take) course in personal finance. For those who have no access _______ courses, help might be at hand thanks to Jerry Witkovsky and his method of _________________ (use） four jars to teach teenagers ___________ to spend their money wisely.
to use
managing
to take
using
to
how
Valuable Values
When Jerry’s grandchildren ______________ (turn) 13, his present to each of them were three jars: one for spending, one for ________________ (save), and another for giving—he has since added a fourth jar for investing. It was from then on ___________ his grandchildren started to be in control _______ what to do with the money they receive: spend, save, invest, ______ give Jerry’s birthday present to his grandparents is, however, much more than money and a few jars—he is giving them an opportunity ________________________ (learn) lifelong values.
turned
saving
that
or
of
to learn
Valuable Values
The value taught with the Spending jar is that you are responsible ________ your own happiness. Money gives you _______________________ (independent) and the opportunity _______________ (buy) something you like. After ________ , it’s OK to be nice to yourself!
While spending jar is about here and now, the saving jar _____________ (give) you a vision for future. This could involve saving for university, but it could also mean __________________ (save) for that special something you’ve seen in the stores— it’s up to you.
for
independence
to buy
gives
all
saving
Valuable Values
The Investing jar not only represents a vision for the future, but ___________ (give) the opportunity _____________________ (build) for the future. Although this could likewise involve ___________________ (put) aside money for your university education, it also means _____________________ (invest) in yourself.
The Giving jar is all about ___________________ (kind) and helping. Whether you want to help out a friend, give money to _______ animal charity or to children in another country, it’s your money to give to whatever cause you believe in.
gives
to build
putting
kindness
investing
an
Valuable Values
The wider aim of the jars is to encourage teenagers _________________ (think) more ______________________ (objective) about money and the things that it can do, so that they grow up understanding, if you like, the value of the valuable. ______ this way, they will be better ______________________ (equip) in their adult lives to make informed _______________ (choose) about how they use the money they have. Indeed, the small change inside their jars could mean a big change in how they manage their money.
to think
objectively
In
choices
equipped
Unit 3. Times change!
PART 1
A New Chapter
A New Chapter
The day I heard that the Rainbow Bookstore was closing after 50 years of business, I was ____________________ (heartbroke). The bookstore, ____________ was a legendary fixture in the neighbourhood, was a place ______________ anyone could drop in and connect through their love of ________________ (book).
heartbroken
which
where
books
A New Chapter
When I ________________ (hurry) to the store. I saw that the books were already being packed into ________________ (box). I had a long chat _________ Casey, the stores elderly owner. Sighing deeply, he told me how becoming difficult _______________ (run) an independent bookstore. Most people preferred ___________________ (read) e-books on tablets. More and more customers were being attracted by chain stores and online discounts. I tried to think of some words of sympathy, but I had to admit that the Rainbow Bookstore couldn't stay in business much longer.
hurried
boxes
with
to run
reading
A New Chapter
Childhood memories came back ______ me so clearly, as if the events ______________________ (happen) only yesterday. A bunch of us kids would _______________________ (frequent) drop by the store after school. We'd look at the new books, or just chat with Old Casey. He knew every book in the store and would always pick the perfect one for us from a _______________ (dust) shelf. We spent hours _____________________ (read), seated on the stores old _________ comfortable furniture. Casey encouraged us ______________________ (share) our ideas and comments on the books, by writing them on a large board in one corner of the store.
to
had happened
frequently
dusty
reading
but
to share
A New Chapter
When I ______________ (leave) the bookstore, it was becoming cold and dark outside. I turned to wave goodbye ________ Casey, but both he and his bookstore were already _________________ (hide) in a thick mist. It made me realize that the bookstore and all that Old Casey __________________ (give) to the community could soon disappear for good.
left
hidden
had given
to
A New Chapter
A few months ______________ (late), I was back in the neighbourhood during my spring break vacation and was surprised ________________ (see) that the Rainbow Bookstore was still there and open for business. Its old brick exterior hadn't changed _________ inside it was like a different world In one area, a book reading was being delivered. Nearby, customers were poring over shelves ________________ (sell) stationery, posters and other best-seller-themed gifts. The large board in the corner _______________________________ (replace) by a big screen, where customers' comments on the month's best-seller were being displayed. ______________ (clear), the Rainbow Bookstore was in good, creative hands.
later
to see
but
selling
had been replaced
Clearly
A New Chapter
I was told that the community had decided ________________ (work) together on a campaign ___________________ (save) the Rainbow Bookstore. The campaign had been led by Jennifer Oakley, a saleswoman who had grown up the neighbourhood and _________ had now taken over the bookstore from Case.
_____________ Jennifer’s leadership, the bookstore was being turned into a place for literature-loving members of the community to get together. It had a cafe __________________ (sell) organic food, and there were now more community ___________________ (event) such as book readings, poetry recitals and even jazz concerts and movie nights, ________________ people could gather to share an experience that couldn't be downloaded.
to work
to save
who
Under
selling
events
where
A New Chapter
I Joined Casey, ________ was looking up at the screen ______ which readers comments kept popping up. "Well, as you can see, corporate knowledge combined with ___________________ (create) has brought my humble bookstore into the 2lst century! I'm so pleased _______________ (see) that everything I wanted it to offer to the community is still here.”
who
on
creativity
to see
PART 2
Emojis: a new language
Emojis: a new language
While ________________ (wait) outside the cafeteria, I received the _____________________ (follow) message from my friend.
It took me a minute before I realized _________ it meant. The signs he used were to say that he’d be running late and would be there soon. Instead of ________________ (reply) with a simple "OK, don’t rush,” I _______________ (search) for emojis on my phone __________ would express the same Message:
waiting
following
what
replying
searched
that
Emojis: a new language
This was my attempt __________________ (follow) the trend of communicating with emojis. Emojis _________________ (use) everywhere, from text messages ______ emails, blogs and other social media networks. With the rapid _____________________ (develop) of social media, emojis are becoming an integral component of the language we use to express __________________ (our).
The word "emojis“ comes from Japanese, literally meaning “picture character". Emojis are small symbols ______________________ (represent) ideas, emotions or feelings. They come in different _____________________ (category), such as faces and people, plants and animals, and food and drink.
to follow
are used
to
development
ourselves
representing
categories
Emojis: a new language
When first ___________________ (introduce) in Japan in 1999, emojis were _________________ (limit) to 176 simple designs. Now there are more than 3, 000 emojis that expand upon the way in ___________ we communicate. Due to their ___________________ (popular), the Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year in 2015was _______ the first time ever, a pictograph ( ) instead of a ____________________ (tradition) word.
introduced
limited
which
popularity
for
traditional
Emojis: a new language
In today's world, emojis have become more __________ more popular. ______ seems that emojis have clear advantages over ______________ (write) language. People like them because they add emotional meaning, and are quick and easy ____________ (use). In fact, this is similar ______ the gestures we use when we speak. With a smiling or sad face added to a message or post, your reader can "see“ your _________________ (face) expression while reading your words. Emojis can also help people express their feelings when they cannot find the appropriate words. For instance. if your friend is moving across the country, you may just send them a string of crying faces _____________________ (express) your sadness over your separation.
and
It
written
to use
to
facial
to express
Emojis: a new language
The use of emojis has even spread ______ classical literature. A Shakespeare series for young _______________ (read) has taken William Shakespeare's popular plays and replaced some words ______ textspeak and emoiis. The ________________ (intend) of these adaptations is to make the classics more accessible _______ young readers. Some people, however, believe __________ these new versions have taken away the heart and soul of Shakespeare’s ____________ (play).
to
readers
with
intention
to
that
plays
Emojis: a new language
As we can see, emojis have a tendency _____________ (pop) up all over the place. Users of emojis say that they facilitate the way _____ which we communicate and express ourselves. But this makes others especially ____________________ (educate), worry that we are losing the ability _____________________________ (communicate) properly using the written word, or even the ________________ (speak) word. After all, how many of us today would rather send a message packed with emojis ________ make a telephone call Perhaps people will one day choose _____________________________ (communicate) in pictures and forget _________ to write properly. On that day, emojis will have become a real pictorial "language". But, for now, maybe it's best that we just enjoy _________________ (use) them.
to pop
in
educators
to communicate
spoken
than
to communicate
how
using
Unit 4. Breaking boundaries
PART 1
MY 100 DAYS WITH MSF
MY 100 DAYS WITH MSF
22 March 2015
Today we celebrate. It's exactly one month since the last __________________ (report) case. But it is vital not to take any chances. So, 20 health care workers from almost as many _________________ (country), comrades in arms, raise virtual glasses to each other.
I arrived in Liberia with MSF almost three _______________ (month) ago. When I saw the tragic scenes on the news, I felt _______ was my duty as a doctor to go there and offer my help. I knew I was putting my life at risk, _________ I thought, “ If I don’t do it, who will ” It is important _______________________ (remember) that Ebola doesn't respect national boundaries. There are no borders for doctors, for patients or for anyone else ___________________ (involve) in combating this terrible disease.
reported
countries
months
it
but
to remember
involved
MY 100 DAYS WITH MSF
22 March 2015
Today we celebrate. It's exactly one month since the last __________________ (report) case. But it is vital not to take any chances. So, 20 health care workers from almost as many _________________ (country), comrades in arms, raise virtual glasses to each other.
I arrived in Liberia with MSF almost three _______________ (month) ago. When I saw the tragic scenes on the news, I felt _______ was my duty as a doctor to go there and offer my help. I knew I was putting my life at risk, _________ I thought, “ If I don’t do it, who will ” It is important _______________________ (remember) that Ebola doesn't respect national boundaries. There are no borders for doctors, for patients or for anyone else ___________________ (involve) in combating this terrible disease.
reported
countries
months
it
but
to remember
involved
MY 100 DAYS WITH MSF
My mission was _______________ (relieve) Emma, a Canadian specialist in infectious diseases at the end of her posting. Emma spent _____ hour with me in the staff room _______________ (talk) me through the daily routine. As she talked. I could hear at least three different ___________________ (language) ____________________________ (spoke) at the tables around us. Later, Emma introduced me _______ some of the others _________________ (work) for or alongside MSF:
to relieve
an
talking
languages
being spoken
to
working
MY 100 DAYS WITH MSF
Wilton, a young local man, ________ helped carry the very sick into the treatment clinic and who disinfected clothing and surfaces; Maisy, a _______________ (retire) public health official from Darwin, Australia, ____________ local team of volunteers educated people on ____________________ (prevent) infection; Alfonso, a soft-spoken Argentinian doctor in his 50s, who had ____________________ (previous) worked on Ebola outbreaks in Sierra Leone and Guinea.
who
retired
whose
preventing
previously
MY 100 DAYS WITH MSF
The list went on. I _______________ (find) that I was the only Chinese doctor among people of all ages, colors and _______________ (belief), from every continent except Antarctica. With each person I met, I felt a growing sense of _____________ (proud) as part of this extraordinary team, ______________ devotion to the cause shone from their eyes.
found
beliefs
pride
whose
MY 100 DAYS WITH MSF
In the few ____________ (week) since then, I have come to know these people very well. We have worked together, ____________________ (surround) by blood, vomit and death. But, although the __________ (die) rate is very high, we will never give up on a patient, and our efforts do sometimes end _____ miracles.
weeks
surrounded
death
in
MY 100 DAYS WITH MSF
Just after my ________________ (arrive), a family of six ________________________ (bring) here in the back of a van. All of them were infected. The twin girls and their parents soon _________ (die). We knew there was little hope for the brothers but we did everything we could __________________ (save) them. When we visited the ward the next morning, we were amazed _______________ (see) that against all odds, both boys were still alive. Pascal and Daniel have since made a full __________________ (recover). This small but ____________________ (expect) success compensated for many other less fortunate cases.
arrival
were brought
died
to save
to see
recovery
unexpected
MY 100 DAYS WITH MSF
To be caught up in such a crisis creates ___________________ (power) bonds between people, not only ______________ carers and patients, but also between all those __________ have come from different parts of the world and joined together in a common cause. It is so _________________ (inspire) to have colleagues like Wilton, Maisy, and Alfonso, not to mention all the others I have worked _________.
powerful
between
who
inspiring
with
MY 100 DAYS WITH MSF
Now my time is almost up. In a few _________ (day), someone else will arrive to step into my shoes, and the tireless work that the MSF members do in more than 70 countries and _________________ (region) around the world will go on. In a world still facing so many problems, it is ___________________ (absolute) essential for us all to collaborate ___________________ (create) a global community with a ______________ (share) future of peace and prosperity.
days
regions
absolutely
to create
shared
PART 2
The Words That Changed A Nation
The Words That Changed A Nation
_______ a grey afternoon on 19 November 1863, a tall, thin man mounted a platform in a field in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania and began to speak. The place was the site of a recent battle _____________ thousands of soldiers had died. The man was Abraham Lincoln President of the United States of America and he was there in memory ______ the soldiers ________ had died. The speech he gave was just 268 words long and ______________ (last) two minutes. But this address to the crowd changed the minds of his people and helped shape a nation.
On
where
of
who
lasted
The Words That Changed A Nation
At that time, America was bitterly ______________ （divide）. For two years, its people had been deep in a civil war between the slave-owning Confederate Southern States and the “free” Northern States of the Union. The worst battle _____________ （last） three days and took place at Gettysburg in 1863. The Union side won but ______ a great cost. Over 50, 000 soldiers _________________ （kill） or wounded, and people ____________ (lose) hope and purpose. What was all this suffering for
divided
lasted
at
were killed
lost
The Words That Changed A Nation
Lincoln _______________ (understand) the feelings of the civilian people. His speech gave them hope, ___________ (believe) and a reason to look to the future. He gave them a new vision of what the United States of America should be, based on the ideals __________ (set) down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before. It was what the soldiers had died for. Now it was up to the living to remove not only the divisions between North __________ South, but the boundaries between black and white and work step by step towards the _______________ (equal) of humankind.
understood
belief
set
and
equality
The Words That Changed A Nation
Four score and seven ______________ (year) ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated _________ the proposition that all men ________________________ (create) equal.
Now we are engaged ______ a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met here on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of it as a final resting place for those ___________ here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
years
to
are created
in
who
The Words That Changed A Nation
But ______ a larger sense, we can not dedicate-we can not consecrate-we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, _________ struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, _________ we say here, but can never forget ___________ they did here. It is for us. the living rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they have, thus far, so nobly carried on.
in
who
what
what
The Words That Changed A Nation
It is rather for us to be here dedicated ______ the great task remaining before us-that from these honored dead we take increased ________________ (devote) to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion -that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died ______ vain: that this nation shall have a new birth of _______________ (free); and that this government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
("The Gettysburg Address by Abraham Lincoln)
to
devotion
in
freedom
Unit 5. A delicate world
PART 1
MACQUARIE ISLAND:
from Chaos to Conservation
MACQUARIE ISLAND: from Chaos to Conservation
I am standing ______ Macquarie Island, in the South-west Pacific Ocean, halfway between Australia and Antarctica. Strong winds and stormy seas have helped sculpt _________ (it) long, thin shape. The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast dramatically, ___________________ (give) it a wild and natural _________________ (beautiful). No visitor would think it _____________________ (surprise) that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Nor would they fail _________________________ (imagine) how its native inhabitants ____________________ (include) royal penguins, king penguins, and elephant seals existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years.
on
its
giving
beauty
surprising
to imagine
including
MACQUARIE ISLAND: from Chaos to Conservation
But the islands more recent history tells a different story. It ______ tragic story that ______________ (begin) in 1810 when humans arrived on the island. In their ships they unknowingly brought rats and mice. These small animals quickly took over the island, __________________ (eat) the birds’ eggs and attacking baby birds. Cats were brought to the island __________________ (control) the rats and mice. ________________________ (fortunate), the cats subsequently developed an appetite _______ the birds, too.
a
began
eating
to control
Unfortunately
for
MACQUARIE ISLAND: from Chaos to Conservation
Meanwhile rabbits __________________________ (introduce) to the island as a source of food for humans. Loose on the island, they did what rabbits do best -they multiplied ___________________ (rapid) and began eating the native vegetation and ___________________ (dig) holes, ___________ caused soil erosion. The exploding rabbit population provided plentiful food _________ the cats, meaning that ________ number of cats also increased. This in turn led to more cats hunting the birds. The end result was that parakeets once large in number and native ______ the island, ____________ (die) out in 1891.
were introduced
rapidly
digging
which
for
the
to
died
MACQUARIE ISLAND: from Chaos to Conservation
Even after Macquarie Island became an official nature reserve ______ the 1970s, the rabbits remained out of control. Experts felt ______ necessary to come up with a plan _____________________ (remove) all the rabbits from the island. With this goal in mind, a virus was released onto the island. But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 130.000 _______ around 10.000, it also meant less food for the cats. The cats in consequence turned their attention-and their stomachs -back to the native birds, _________________ (kill) up to 60,000 each year. In the 1980s traps and dogs were used ___________________ (catch) the cats. The last Macquarie Island cat ___________________ (catch) in 2000.
in
it
to remove
to
killing
to catch
was caught
MACQUARIE ISLAND: from Chaos to Conservation
But as the saying ___________ (go), "While the cat's away, the mice will play. " With the departure of the cats from the island, the mouse and rat population started to increase. And remember those 10,000 or so rabbits __________ turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus, and their numbers ___________________ (explode) once again. Then, in 2006, the rabbits digging caused some land to collapse and ____________ (kill) a substantial number of penguins. This incident made __________ clear that the rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed ________________ (solve) once and for all.
goes
It
exploded
killed
it
solving
MACQUARIE ISLAND: from Chaos to Conservation
So, I am here on Macquarie Island to participate in the programme ______________ (tackle) this very problem. The first step involved poison being dropped from helicopters. The next step is ___________________ (remove) the last remaining invading species, and that’s where I come in with my dogs. They have been trained ________________ (find) every last one without _________________ (harm) the native animals. This intervention is a long, much-delayed ending to a sad story, but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy __________________ (end).
Postscript: In 2014, Macquarie Island was declared pest-free and the island's ecology is finally on the road to ___________________ (recover).
to tackle
to remove
to find
harming
ending
recovery
PART 2
WHY SHIENNONGJIA
WHY SHIENNONGJIA
Good morning, everyone. It is my great pleasure _________________ (give) a lecture here _______ behalf of the Be at One with Nature Association.
As we know, in 2016, Shennongjia made it onto the UNESCO World Heritage List. But there are ______ many important places not yet on this list. So you might ask: why Shennongjia Is it its forests __________ stretch on and on like great green seas Is it the legendary father of Chinese herbal medicine, Shennong, after _____________ the park is named Or is it the mysterious creature ______________ (call) Yeren(wild man ) that has captured the imagination of the world.
to give
on
so
that
whom
called
WHY SHIENNONGJIA
UNESCO _______________ (award) Shennongjia this status because it meets two criteria _________________ (require) by the list. It contains a naturally-balanced environment that allows the many and various species ______________ (live) and prosper. It is also one of the rare ____________________ (locate) in the world where scientists can observe in real time the ecological and biological processes that occur as the plants and ___________________ (animal) develop and evolve.
awarded
required
to live
locations
animals
WHY SHIENNONGJIA
For the first criterion, Shennongjia is apparently one of the mostcomplete " natural ____________ (area) in the world. The region rises from about 400 metres ______ over 3,000 metres above sea level, ________________ (give) it the name the"Roof of Central China. The vast range in altitude results _____ a great variation in climatic conditions. This allows a wide _________________ (vary) of species to thrive. Some of the plants and animals have survived millions of years, and are regarded _____ living fossils.
areas
to
giving
in
variety
as
WHY SHIENNONGJIA
For the second criterion, we can see that Shennongjia has incredible biodiversity. Look at this slide, according to ________________ (office) statistics, over 3,000 plant species have been recorded there.This represents more than ten per cent of China’s total floral richness. Shennongjia supports more than 600 vertebrate species __________________ (include) the Golden Snub-nosed Monkey and the Clouded Leopard. _________________ (addition), around 4, 300 insect species have been recorded.
official
including
Additionally
WHY SHIENNONGJIA
It is a challenge _______________ (look) after so many species. In winter, scientists brave heavy snow and freezing temperatures to supply food to the Golden Snub-nosed Monkey. Thanks to their efforts the monkey's population __________________ (double) since the 1980s. Their number reached over 1,300 _____ 2015 and continues to grow.
to look
has doubled
in
WHY SHIENNONGJIA
But the most _________________ (impression) aspect of Shennongjia is the local people, ________ take things from nature without _______________ (cause) damage. I visited a local village __________ is known for its home-made honey. _____________ is special about the honey is that it is produced by the earliest species of Chinese bee. Every spring, the villagers place beehives around their houses ____________ (attract) these wild bees from the forest.
impressive
who
causing
which
What
to attract
WHY SHIENNONGJIA
Although endangered elsewhere in China due _____ the invasion of foreign species, the bees of Shennongjia have coexisted with the local people for centuries. By ________________ (provide) the bees with a secure home, the villagers collect their honey in return. This is just one of the ways in __________ people of Shennongjia live and work in harmony _________ nature.
to
providing
which
with
Unit 6. Survival
PART 1
The Wild Within
The Wild Within
The crime took place in a seaside suburb of Cape Town Spotting the car with ________ (it) window left open, the greedy thief didn't hesitate. Within ___________________ (second), he had reached inside and run away with a bag of shopping. No matter how many crimes he committed, the police were powerless _________________ (arrest) him. You see this was no ordinary criminal, it was a chacma baboon.Once almost unheard of, scenes like this one in Cape Town are now common all over _________ world. With foxes in London mountain, lions in San Francisco and wild __________ (pig) in Hong Kong: it is almost as if our cities are being _______________ (take) over by wild animals.
its
seconds
to arrest
the
pigs
taken
The Wild Within
People often wonder about the _______________ (reason) behind this mass urbanmigration. Most of us would assume that urban _______________________ (develop) and climate change are responsible _______ pushing the animals out of their natural habitats. However true this is, we also need _________________________ (consider) that some of these so-called“urban animals”have never moved at all-it's we humans _________ have moved into their territory. Wherever they go, animals find towns and cities in their way. With nowhere else to make their homes, they have no choice but ____________________ (move) in with us.
reasons
development
for
to consider
who
to move
The Wild Within
Yet, for its newest and wildest inhabitants, a city can offer many __________________ (benefit). As our cities become greener, they offer ______________________ (increase) appealing spaces to animals _________________ (look) for new habitats. Out of reach from many of their natural predators, these newcomers often flourish in their new city lives. Today, foxes can _________________ (see) all over London-one even being found living on the 72nd floor of the Shard building when it was under ________________________ (construct)! What's more, hungry animals are finding plenty to eat in our gardens and in the _________________ (leftover) we throw away.
benefits
increasingly
looking
be seen
construction
leftovers
The Wild Within
One thing crucial to the __________________ (increase) number of "urban animals“ is their ability ______________________ (adapt). There is evidence that urban racoons are _____________________________ (intelligent) than their wild cousins, as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such as how __________________ (open) rubbish bins and other containers ____________ they would not find in the wild. Some animals have even changed their living habits to fit in with their new homes. Although naturally active at night, urban foxes come out in daylight _____ the reward is good enough. Their city location also means that they are getting a taste for the multicultural cuisine on offer from the garbage, such as hamburgers, lamb kebabs and even garlic bread!
increasing
to adapt
to open
more intelligent
which
if
The Wild Within
For those animals that don't adapt, the city can be a dangerous or even _______________ (dead) place. Unable _________________________ (distinguish) between blue sky and glass, birds crash into windows ______ speeds of about 30 miles per hour. Recent studies estimate that between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone. ________________________ (shock), these deaths amount to around ten per cent of the total US bird population. Some species are more affected than others. One theory behind this is that these birds have yet to change their migratory routes that take them through cities with high-rise ___________________ (build).
deadly
to distinguish
at
Shockingly
buildings
The Wild Within
However they adapt _____ our ways of urban living, ______ is important that we get a better __________________________ (understand) of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbors. Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats. Whatever the reasons behind these species _________________ (enter) our cities, one thing is for sure——as it's often a means of their _________________ (survive), they could be with us to stay.
to
it
understanding
entering
survival
PART 2
Plan B: Life on Mars
Plan B: Life on Mars
_____ the 1960s and 1970s. the greatest fear was that the humanrace, and possibly all _____________________ (advance) life forms on the planet, could ________________ (wipe) out by nuclear missiles, just at the push of a button. Today, however, _____________________ (environment) problems have taken over as the greatest risk to life on Earth. Scientists are thinking of ways _________________ (lower) this risk, such as replacing coal and oil _______ forms of renewable energy. But they are also preparing ________ the worst: what can we do if the _______________________ (terrify) scenes in films such as The Day After Tomorrow happen in real life What is our Plan B for Earth
In
advanced
be wiped
environmental
to lower
with
for
terrifying
Plan B: Life on Mars
One option is ____________________ (explore) other planets to see if we could live on them. The most likely _______________ (choose) is Mars, which is relatively close _______ Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of other planets. Mars has fascinated people since ancient times, and today our interest in Martain __________________ (explore) is greater than ever before. Films such as The Martian enjoy worldwide _____________________ (popular). More governments and organisations are making efforts ___________________ (educate) the public on the Red Planet, for example, the Mars Desert Research Station in the Utah desert of the US and the Mars Village in North-west China’s Qinghai Province.
to explore
choice
to
exploration
popularity
to educate
Plan B: Life on Mars
Since the 1960s, nave been sending unmanned spacecraft ________ Mars. Our probes have orbited the planet, sending back _____________________ (value) data and stunning images. Our robots have explored the Martian surface, testing the soil and searching ________ resources, water and signs of life. __________________________ (encourage) by ______________________ (discovery) over the years, space agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars that could take place within the next 25 years.
to
valuable
for
Encouraged
discoveries
Plan B: Life on Mars
There is no doubt ___________ humankind is drawn towards Mars, with dreams of __________________ (make) it our second home. However, sending people there will require all the skill, courage and _______________________ (intelligent) of the human race. While the moon can _____________________ (reach) within days, it would take months ____________________ (reach) Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation. And even if the first settlers do reach Mars _______________ (safe), they may not be able to return to Earth-ever. __________________ (stay) alive will be a daily challenge, but as proved by the Biosphere 2 experiment, not _________________ (possible). As early as the 1980s, scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert.
that
making
intelligence
be reached
to reach
safely
Staying
impossible
Plan B: Life on Mars
It consisted of a closed space in ______________ people, animals and plants could live together. The closed" concept meant that the space was designed _____________________ (function) with its own oxygen, food and water, needing nothing from the outside world. Although the two-year experiment was not a ___________________ (succeed), it did provide us ________ a better understanding of how humans might be able to live on another planet. More recently, scientists have ________________________ (success) in growing a ______________ (vary) of plants in an environment similar ______ that on Mars. That ______________________ (definite) is a big step forward.
which
to function
success
with
succeeded
variety
to
definitely
Plan B: Life on Mars
For now, human settlement of Mars is still decades away. In the meantime, scientific research shows that the planet Earth is getting ________________ (warm). This change is being caused by human activity and is having a terrible effect ______ the biosphere. Until we are finally able _________________ (live) on another planet, we need to take much better care of our own. Right now, it’s _________ only one we have!
warmer
on
to live
the

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