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2025-2026学年北京市北师大实验中学高一（下）期中英语试卷
一、选词填空-句子：本大题共2小题，共15分。
1.用方框中所给词汇或短语的适当形式填空，每词只能用一次，有一词多余。
conduct；come across；crowd in on sb.；survive；judge from；advocate；
explore；integrate with；engage in；be noted for；strike
（1）When she saw the old picture，many childhood memories ______ her.
（2）More and more young people ______ a simple and low-carbon lifestyle in the past ten years.
（3）______ is the most important thing for those trapped in the wild.
（4）What is ______ about the ancient castle is its unique building style.
（5）Many college students prefer to ______ meaningful social activities in their free time.
（6）His brave ______ in the desert made him well-known in his country.
（7）______ his appearance，we can't know what kind of person he really is.
（8）These new courses ______ local culture perfectly last year，but they are no longer as effective today.
（9）The local museum ______ a special exhibition about traditional art next month.
（10）This small town ______ its beautiful natural sights and friendly people in the19th century.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
2.用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词只能用一次，有一词多余。
collapse reliant course combine dedicate enrichment
（1）These events changed the ______ of history.
（2）They are ______ on a very limited number of exportable products.
（3）Until now，talks between management and unions ______ .
（4）He's too serious and ______ ，wrapped up in his career.
（5）The ______ of hard work and talent made her successful.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
二、阅读理解：本大题共14小题，共22分。
A
For the Love of Food
Make food your life in the CIA Associate in Culinary Arts degree program.You'll not only build the core skills used by every chef；you'll chart your own path toward a lifelong career doing what you love.Learn to prepare a wide variety of dishes and cuisines，manage people，and use state-of-the-art equipment—all in less than two years!Come and make our trademark hands-on learning approach and industry-proven experts work for you.
Highlights：
1st Session：Learn how to develop flavor，employ classic and contemporary culinary techniques，create menus，and prepare global cuisines.
2nd Session：Study the ways successful culinary professionals manage restaurants，high-end catering，food trucks，and other food-related businesses.
3rd Session：Gain real-world experience through a paid internship semester at one of CIA's 2，000+ food industry partners.
4th Session：Discover how real public restaurants are operated—hands-on，in our award-winning，live-action restaurant classrooms that serve thousands of customers annually.
How to apply：
Get started by submitting your application on our official website.Choose from two online options：CIA ONLINE APP or COMMON APP.
Next，to complete your application file，we just need three additional items：
▲ Request official transcripts（成绩单）.
▲ Submit an essay to indicate your goals in life.
▲ Ask for a recommendation letter written by your teachers.
That's it!You're on your way to enrolling at CIA.If you've already submitted your application，learn more about the essay and supporting materials.Get ready for applications at least 3 months in advance in case of any interviews and background checks.Applications for our program are due by December 1，2023.
3.How long at most can you get the degree？ ______
A. One year B. Two years C. Three years D. Four years
4.When can students experience working in a food factory？ ______
A. At the first session. B. At the second session.
C. At the third session. D. At the fourth session.
5.What should students do if they want to apply for the program？ ______
A. They should write a recommendation letter themselves.
B. They should submit applications by email.
C. They should start to apply in December 2023.
D. They should prepare for the application ahead of schedule.
B
I had been considering giving up.For the past eight years，I've met with prospective first-year students as a volunteer interviewer for my alma mater （母校） .The reports I submit after the interviews become part of their admissions file.But acceptance rate of my university is low and each time I see the word "Denied" next to one of my interviewees' names at the end of an admissions cycle，I feel a little more heartbroken.
Don't get me wrong.I've gotten to know loads of inspiring kids，and a handful of them were offered a spot.After a cycle in which none of my interviewees was green-lighted，though，I started to wonder：In expressing my enthusiasm for my university in interviews，was I doing them a favor or setting them up for disappointment？Was it fair of me to share an inside look into my university when most won't have access to it？
Then，out of the blue，I received a text from one of "my" admits，Layla.She thanked me for getting her into my university.I was touched，but I mentally dismissed the validity （合理性） of what seemed to be a misguided assumption of how the admissions process works.
We met for coffee a few months later，and she delighted me with a detailed discussion of her classes，her professors，her research，and her friends.Her eyes were bright，her excitement visible.She told me she had submitted a request to spend 20 minutes with her admissions file.I couldn't understand why she wanted to take the time to look.Couldn't she just enjoy her time as an admitted student without being distracted by disturbing questions of whether she belonged？
As it turns out，Layla learned that the admissions officer who first read her file was on the fence about her but then decided to put her application through for another read because of what I'd written in my interview report.My voice had made a difference.
Layla found the relief she'd been looking for：Why was she here？Did she really matter to this incredible community？Seeing her put her worries to rest helped me do the same with my own.Maybe sometimes we all need to hear that we matter.
6.What made the author consider giving up the volunteer work？______
A. Inability to stimulate interviewees' enthusiasm.
B. Disappointment with interviewees' abilities.
C. Failing to help some of the promising kids.
D. Getting tired of writing interview reports.
7.Why did Layla request to review her admissions file？______
A. To prove the author's report played a role.
B. To confirm she deserved the admission.
C. To clarify the author's confusion.
D. To ease her worries about the future.
8.What can we learn from this passage？______
A. Each soul needs a witness.
B. Every cloud has a silver lining.
C. What goes around comes around.
D. What matters always voices itself.
C
It's human nature to feel embarrassed for someone acting cringey— like a friend slipping on a wet floor.It's a sign of empathy which shapes human cooperation and connection.What happens，though，when the second person in this situation is replaced with a robot？
Experiencing secondhand embarrassment lights up areas in the human brain associated with pain and the recognition of emotions.Similarly，social anxiety is linked to heightened empathy，but also comes with a reduced capacity to actually understand the other person's emotions，known as cognitive empathy.And of course，the more socially close and invested a person is in another，the more intensely they'll feel this bystander discomfort.
Interestingly，new research from Oakridge University found that humans can have the same sort of secondhand embarrassment when they see a robot display social awkwardness.
To test this phenomenon，human subjects were immersed in a virtual environment where both human and robot avatars were present.The researchers then put these avatars through awkward situations like stumbling in a crowd or dancing clumsily in public.
Researchers then measured the electrical activity of the sweat glands of the subjects.This correlates to arousal signals like stress，or other states of high emotion.Participants also filled out a questionnaire about their emotional responses to each virtual social situation.The data indicates that humans felt self-embarrassment for both the human and robot avatars when they were in a socially awkward scenario，although they perceived the situation as more "real" for the human avatar compared to the robot.
Still，the results show that humans can empathize with robots in embarrassing situations，suggesting that humans assume the robots can be aware of being witnessed and have some degree of self-consciousness based on self-reflection and self-evaluation.But it also matters what the robot looks like： "The appearance of the robot may affect the empathetic embarrassment because humans empathize more strongly with more human-looking robots and less with more mechanical-looking robots when they are mistreated by humans."
Despite the interesting findings in this recent study，the team from Oakridge University acknowledges that a larger sample size，as well as real world humans and robots，would make the conclusions more convincing.
"Our study provides valuable insights into the evolving nature of human-robot relationships.As technology continues to integrate into our daily lives，understanding the emotional responses we have towards robots is crucial，" Lisa Green，the lead researcher on the project，said in a press release. "This research opens up new avenues for exploring the boundaries of human empathy and the potential challenges and benefits of human-robot interactions."
9.What does the underlined word "cringey" in Paragraph 1 probably mean？______
A. Embarrassing B. Entertaining C. Confident D. Hurtful
10.What does the author mainly do in Paragraph 2？______
A. Introduce an approach. B. Explain a core concept.
C. Offer a theoretical basis. D. Present previous findings.
11.What can we learn from the study？______
A. Robots' appearance determines empathetic embarrassment level.
B. Humans think awkward robots may have self-consciousness.
C. States of emotion hold back electrical activities in the brain.
D. Awkward robots stimulate stronger empathy than humans.
12.What is the main idea of the passage？______
A. Social anxiety plays a key role in human-robot interaction.
B. Technological development is reshaping emotional boundaries.
C. Robots' human-like features shape people's emotional responses.
D. Humans may extend empathy to robots in certain social situations.
D
Crucial systems across the world collapsed on Friday，triggered by one mistake in a single company.The power cut of CrowdStrike，a giant in the cybersecurity industry，hit banks，airlines，and health-care systems.It may end up being the worst information technology disaster in history.
This was not，however，an unforeseeable freak accident，nor will it be the last of its kind.Instead，the devastation was the inevitable outcome of modern social systems that have been designed for hyperconnected optimization （优化），not decentralized resilience.
There is often a trade-off between maximum optimization and resilience.Consider a basic prehistorical social system in which many humans lived in small，isolated bands.What any single person did would have little to no effect on those living elsewhere.It was an inefficient，basic system — but if one part of the human system failed，few others were affected.
Throughout our advancement as a species，from building empires to building machines，social systems have evolved to be more connected and centralized.In the 21st century，the combination of globalization and digitization has created a landscape characterized by the threat of catastrophic，immediate risk.Globalization enables large efficiency gains，where a product can be put together from carefully managed links in the global supply chain.But those systems lack resilience.Every link must fit together perfectly；the system falls apart if even one chain breaks.
Centuries ago，the philosopher David Hume wrote that we can never be certain that the patterns of the past will remain the patterns of the future.This is especially true in the 21st century as we are betting more and more of our world on unstable systems.Can we really trust our species to flawlessly govern unimaginably complex systems — systems we don't always fully understand — that can be brought down by a single screw-up？
Modern societies have discounted the cost of that risk because our current reward systems favor optimization over resilience.CEOs try to deliver short-term improvements，not long-term planning.Nobody gets reelected by investing in a rainy-day fund.Business leaders are hired or fired based on quarterly results.
Even though the modern quest for optimization has too often made resilience an afterthought，it is not inevitable that we continue down the risky path we're on.And making our systems more resilient doesn't require going back to a disconnected，primitive world，either.Instead，our complex，interconnected societies simply demand that we compromise a bit of efficiency in order to allow a little extra cushion （缓冲）.
If social systems rely on a more diverse digital array of companies，the societies will be less vulnerable （脆弱的）.For the broader set of risks facing global society，better regulation is essential to ensure fail-safes，backups，and stress testing — so that one error doesn't bring down entire systems.The CrowdStrike breakdown is a clear warming that the modern world is fragile by design.So far，we have decided to make ourselves vulnerable.That means we can decide differently too.
13.The author mentions the CrowdStrike mainly to ______ .
A. highlight its crucial role in cybersecurity
B. introduce an information technology collapse
C. explain why people are in a connected system
D. indicate predictable failures of the modern system
14.What can be inferred about a more globalized system？______
A. It leads to a highly advanced digitalized network.
B. It tends to prioritize adaptability over productivity.
C. It enlarges the impact of local errors to a global scale.
D. It guarantees immediate economic rewards for participants.
15.As for the future of social systems，which would the author agree with？______
A. The more disconnected they are，the more resilient they will be.
B. Some efficiency should be sacrificed for more flexibility.
C. Long-term planning prevents structural breakdowns.
D. History can help people predict future patterns.
16.Which would be the best title for this passage？______
A. Hyperconnectivity：The Price of Perfection
B. A Wakeful Warning：The Lesson from CrowdStrike
C. System Collapse：An Inevitable Technology Disaster
D. Resilience vs.Optimization：A Debate for Better Systems
三、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共10分。
If you had to save the life of a person or an animal，which would you choose？Most adults say they would pick the person，but almost half of young children would prefer to save the animal，according to a study in Poland.
"The finding really surprised us，" says Matti Wilks at the University of Edinburgh，UK.（1）______ For example，a survey of millions of people in 233 countries，most of them in their 20s and 30s，found they largely agreed that self-driving cars should crash into dogs or cats instead of people if they had to choose.
（2）______ Using a toy railway and Lego figures，Wilks and her colleagues presented 170 children aged 6 to 9 in an urban part of Poland with scenarios based on a thought experiment called the trolley problem.The children had to decide whether to direct a runaway rail car down one of two tracks so that it crashed into a Lego person or a Lego animal — either a dog or chimpanzee.（3）______ About 42 percent of the children wanted to save the dog and make the rail car collide with the person，compared with just 17 percent of adults.About 28 percent of children also prioritised the chimpanzee over the person，compared with 11 percent of adults.
"Children learn from their parents，teachers and others that it's really important to care for others，but it may be easier for them to learn this as a blanket rule that applies to both humans and animals，" says Karri Neldner at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany.（4）______ "However，as they get older，they might pick up on cultural narratives that tell us it's really important to care for other people，" says Neldner.
（5）______ When she asked Australian children aged 4 to 10 to order pictures of people，animals，plants and objects according to how much they cared about them，the 4-year-olds tended to care more about dogs，cats and dolphins than about classmates，police officers and sick people，but this was reversed in the 10-year-olds.
The reason children value dogs so highly is probably due to familiarity，says Wilks.Her studies have found that children who spent more time with dogs were more likely to say they would save a dog over a person.
A.Most adults view human life as especially precious.
B.Her research suggests this shift starts by the age of 10.
C.Surprisingly，children were more likely to save a dog over a person.
D.As a result，they show no strong preference for saving either，she says.
E.However，growing evidence suggests many young children feel differently.
F.The experiment was repeated with 178 Polish adults （18-50）for comparison.
G.About 28 percent of children aged 5 to 9 said they would save a dog over a person，compared with 8 percent of adults.
17.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
21.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
四、完形填空：本大题共10小题，共10分。
I left my home country to pursue a doctor's degree in the UK.I thought I was supposed to focus only on the (22) .So，when colleagues invited me to join them for a coffee chat，I tended to kindly reply "Maybe next time".I spent my days mostly alone， (23) in my work.I wanted to throw myself completely into it.Eventually I found I was fighting increasing (24) till it hit a breaking point.The nights were long and dark.I scrolled social media to pass the time.I even tried "talking" to ChatGPT.But I couldn't feel better.
It was my tutor，Ms.Murphy，who finally helped me see my (25) from a new perspective.After I told her how I had been feeling these last months，she (26) ， "Perhaps it is not about finding someone to talk to at night.Maybe it is about talking to more of your colleagues during the day."
Her suggestion made me realize that I had been looking for the answer in the (27) direction.She allowed me to see that joining in the people around me would improve my state of mind and even help me (28) my work.I began to chat with friends more and realized we were all dealing with challenges，professionally and personally.I can't do everything (29) .Instead，I should team with friends and work together on common goals and challenges.I also need to take some time away from work to enjoy previously (30) parts of life.That is how life should be，enriched and colorful.
The nights are still as long as before.However，they are not as (31) ， as I have seen the bright light in the day.
22.A. health B. work C. custom D. life
23.A. settled B. stuck C. involved D. buried
24.A. loneliness B. tiredness C. carelessness D. selfishness
25.A. education B. situation C. intention D. emotion
26.A. announced B. complained C. advised D. whispered
27.A. same B. general C. new D. wrong
28.A. carry out B. struggle with C. break down D. rush through
29.A. creatively B. independently C. gradually D. regularly
30.A. assumed B. selected C. ignored D. judged
31.A. dull B. exhausting C. dark D. quiet
五、单句语法填空：本大题共3小题，共3分。
32.Mike will become the first person in his family （finish） the college education. （所给词的适当形式填空）
33.A new library （ build） in our school now and will open next year.
34.She hoped that she （ become） a doctor one day. （所给词的适当形式填空）
六、单词拼写-单句：本大题共5小题，共5分。
35.I'll never forget the day I spent with my cousins in the mountains.
36.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town he grew up as a child.
37.Have you seen the film Warcraft， leading actor is world famous？（用适当的词填空）
38.Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of was very reasonable. （用适当的词填空）
39.The horses had serious difficulties the heavy snow and the terrible cold. （用适当的词填空）
七、阅读表达：本大题共1小题，共7分。
40.Discovered by AmateursSome astronomers spend their entire careers looking for new discoveries in space，but a 10-year-old Canadian girl found one on her first try.In January，2011，Kathryn Gray，who often studied stars，was looking at recent pictures of outer space and comparing them to pictures taken years earlier.The pictures were just thousands of tiny spots of light，but Gray spotted a star that looked different in the recent pictures.Could it possibly be a supernova （超新星）？ Usually a supernova is brighter，and it becomes visible through a telescope due to the brightness.Later Gray's discovery was confirmed，and she became the youngest person to discover a supernova.
Throughout history，important discoveries in astronomy have been made by amateurs.An early example is William Herschel，who discovered Uranus in 1781.Uranus had been observed before，but expert astronomers thought it didn't belong to our solar system.When Herschel saw it with a telescope he had designed and built himself，he realized that it was orbiting the sun.This meant that Uranus was a planet.And so，the map of our night sky was changed forever.
Then in 1930，a major discovery was made by a 24-year-old man，a farmer's son，with no college education or formal training in astronomy.Clyde Tombaugh built a homemade telescope using instructions from an article in a boy's magazine.He used to draw detailed pictures of the surfaces of Mars and Jupiter.He then sent the pictures to Dr.V.M.Slipher at the Lowell Observatory，who was so impressed and offered him a job on his team.Within a year，Tombaugh discovered a ninth planet，Pluto.It was regarded as a planet for 76 years，but scientists decided in 2006 that Pluto didn't meet all of the criteria for a true planet.It was then considered to be a dwarf planet.
John Dobson is another influential amateur astronomer because he enabled so many others to take up astronomy as a hobby.In 1956，after constant attempts，he built a powerful telescope out of low-cost materials，such as paper tubes used in construction.With affordable tools like Dobson's telescope，more amateurs today have the technology that is needed to make discoveries of their own.
(1) When did Kathryn Gray discover the supernova？______
(2) What did Clyde Tombaugh do before sending his pictures to Dr.V.M.Slipher？______
(3) Which amateur astronomer impressed you most？Give your reasons. （In about 40 words）______
八、阅读填空：本大题共3小题，共8分。
41. The news of Scott's death shocked the world.Even Amundsen was moved by Scott's death saying "Captain Scott left a record，for honesty，for sincerity，for bravery，for (1) ".Scott (2) the race to the Pole，but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes.
(1)
(2)
42. Tu Youyou was noted for her bravery in being a scientist during a difficult time for science in China，her ability to use (1) to achieve her goals and the fact that her work bridged the Eastern and Western worlds， (2) .Today Tu Youyou (3) despite her age.
(1)
(2)
(3)
43. Shortly after，he managed to return to his film career by directing，producing and even (1) films.He also wrote a biography and returned to his charity work.Reeve became a passionate and energetic advocate for people with (2) ，raising millions of dollars (3) medical research.
(1)
(2)
(3)
九、书面表达：本大题共1小题，共20分。
44.假设你是高一学生李华。你校近期开展了以"Human and Nature"为主题的系列活动（涉及环境保护、自然探索和应对自然挑战）。你的外国好友 Jim对此很感兴趣，来信询问相关情况。请你用英文给他写一封回信，内容包括：
1.介绍一项你参与的活动；
2.分享你的收获或启发。
注意：1.词数140左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
__________
Yours，
Li Hua
1.【答案】【小题1】
crowded in on
【小题2】
have advocated
【小题3】
Survival
【小题4】
striking
【小题5】
engage in
【小题6】
exploration
【小题7】
Judging from
【小题8】
were integrated with
【小题9】
will conduct
【小题10】
was noted for
2.【答案】【小题1】
course
【小题2】
reliant
【小题3】
have collapsed
【小题4】
dedicated
【小题5】
combination
3~5.【答案】B、C、D
6~8.【答案】C、B、A
9~12.【答案】A、C、B、D
13~16.【答案】D、C、B、B
17~21.【答案】A、E、F、D、B
22~31.【答案】B、D、A、B、C、D、A、B、C、C
32.【答案】to finish
33.【答案】is being built
34.【答案】would become
35.【答案】which/that
36.【答案】in which
37.【答案】whose
38.【答案】which
39.【答案】with
40.【答案】【小题1】In January，2011.
【小题2】He built a homemade telescope using instructions from an article in a boy's magazine./He used to draw detailed pictures of the surfaces of Mars and Jupiter.
【小题3】Kathryn Gray，the youngest person to discover a supernova，has impressed me most.Although she was young，she had her own hobby and devoted her time to it.It's the key to her success.That's why she has impressed me most./John Dobson has impressed me most.He didn't make a discovery，but he provided the technology of making affordable tools，enabling more people to take up astronomy as a hobby.He is more influential in a sense.So he has impressed me most.
41.【答案】【小题1】everything that makes a man
【小题2】had failed to win
42.【答案】【小题1】old wisdom and new methods
【小题2】saving millions of lives
【小题3】continues to conduct research
43.【答案】【小题1】starring in
【小题2】back injuries and disabilities
【小题3】in support of
44.【答案】Dear Jim，
I'm really glad that you're interested in our "Human and Nature" activities.I'd love to share one of my favorite experiences with you.
Last weekend，I joined a nature walk in a nearby wetland park.As we walked along the narrow paths，I noticed things I had never paid attention to before the sound of birds hidden in the trees，the gentle movement of water，and even tiny insects resting on leaves.At one moment，we all stopped quietly just to listen，and I felt completely relaxed，as if the busy world had slowed down for a while.
What impressed me most was how close I felt to nature.For the first time，I felt more connected to the world around me.I've really come to enjoy these quiet moments and I will spend more time outdoors.
Do you have a similar experience？Looking forward to your reply.
Yours， Li Hua
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