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2024届广东省江门市高三下学期一模考试英语试卷
一、A
Whether you are a fine art lover or history enthusiast, there are some museums that you should visit in your lifetime. Here's a list of the best museums in the world.
LE LOUVRE, PARIS
A visit to the Louvre lets visitors discover ancient civilizations and Western art from the Middle Ages to 1848. The palace of the museum, dating back to the twelfth century and developed by architects from 1200 to 2011, is a lesson in architecture. The most famous art work is Leonardo da Vinci's "Mona Lisa".
THE UFFIZI GALLERIES, FLORENCE
The museum occupies a large building constructed between 1560 and 1580. It's famous for its outstanding collections of ancient sculptures and paintings from the Middle Ages to the Modern period, and mainly known for its paintings by Italian artists.
THE BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON
As the first national museum to cover all fields of human knowledge, it was founded in 1753 and opened its doors in 1759. Its eight million objects allow us to explore the diversity of human cultures, and discover the expressions in human being's life. It boasts the world's second finest collection of Egyptian antiques.
THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART, NEW YORK
Also known as "the Met", it's the largest art museum in the America. Presenting over 5,000 years of art from around the world, the museum lives in two sites in New York: The Met Fifth Avenue and The Met Cloisters. Since its founding in 1870, it has been a treasury of rare and beautiful objects, ranging from European paintings, Egyptian collections to American paintings.
1．Which museum is best known for ancient statues in the Middle Ages
A．The Louvre. B．The Uffizi Galleries.
C．The British Museum. D．The Metropolitan Museum.
2．What can visitors enjoy in both the British Museum and the Met
A．Art works from Egypt. B．Expressions around the world.
C．Rare objects of human culture. D．Paintings from Europe and America.
3．Where is this text most probably taken from
A．An introduction to arts. B．An essay on architecture.
C．A guidebook to museums. D．A review of Egyptian paintings.
【答案】1．B
2．A
3．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，向艺术爱好者和历史迷推荐了世界上最值得一生必去的四大博物馆。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．细节理解题。根据THE UFFIZI GALLERIES, FLORENCE部分中的"It's famous for its outstanding collections of ancient sculptures and paintings from the Middle Ages to the Modern period, and mainly known for its paintings by Italian artists."它以其从中世纪到现代时期的古代雕塑和绘画的杰出收藏而闻名，主要以意大利艺术家的绘画而闻名。可知，乌菲齐美术馆以中世纪的古代雕像而闻名。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据THE BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON部分中的"It boasts the world's second finest collection of Egyptian antiques."它拥有世界上第二好的埃及古董收藏；以及THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART, NEW YORK部分中的"Since its founding in 1870, it has been a treasury of rare and beautiful objects, ranging from European paintings, Egyptian collections to American paintings."自1870年成立以来，它一直是稀有和美丽物品的宝库，从欧洲绘画，埃及收藏品到美国绘画。可知，游客在大英博物馆和大都会博物馆都能享受到埃及的艺术品。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段"Whether you are a fine art lover or history enthusiast, there are some museums that you should visit in your lifetime. Here's a list of the best museums in the world."无论你是美术爱好者还是历史爱好者，总有一些博物馆是你一生中应该去参观的。这里是世界上最好的博物馆的名单；结合文章主要介绍了世界著名的四大艺术博物馆，让读者了解它们的建筑历史、展品特点以及其它的一些相关信息。可推知，文章最有可能选自一本博物馆指南。故选C。
二、B
Across the world, humans purchase around 1.3 billion single-use plastic water bottles a day. Because only about 9% of plastic is recycled, the vast majority of those bottles wind up in landfills, the ocean, or elsewhere in nature.
When beach-loving Madison noticed those plastic bottles during her family's trips to California, the 12-year-old "just felt like this needed to change," she told Smithsonian Magazine.
So as she began thinking about what to do for her school science fair back in 2021, the idea of a project centered on reducing plastic pollution quickly came to her mind: she would design an eatable water bottle called the Eco-Hero.
"One of my biggest ambitions for my project was wanting to help the world," the confident young inventor said in a video on the website.
To bring her idea to life, Madison built upon the already established method by experimenting with common food materials. She also took inspiration from previous versions of eatable water bottles, though she focused on making hers bigger and more durable. She found that the combination of water, lemon juice, natural gum, and Alginic acid (褐藻酸) resulted in a gel pouch that wouldn't break, could hold up to 3/4 cup of water, and would last in the fridge for three weeks.
Though she'd like to improve the Eco-Hero by making it able to hold more water, she believes her current version would work well as a replacement for the paper cups used by runners in races. All one needs to do is bite a hole in the water ball, drink the water, and then eat the pouch or throw it away to biodegrade.
Madison hopes the Eco-Hero inspires others to take better care of the planet. "It doesn't necessarily have to be in a big way," she told Smithsonian. "People can still make a difference in the world, even if it's just in a small way."
4．What inspired Madison's design of an eatable water bottle
A．Her school's task. B．Her family's urge.
C．Her love for nature. D．Her trips to the beach.
5．What can we know about the Eco-Hero
A．It is a copy of the previous versions.
B．It is made from unbreakable materials.
C．It is an improvement in size and durability.
D．It has a hole and should be disposed once used.
6．Which of the following words can best describe Madison
A．Ambitious and creative. B．Talented and determined.
C．Courageous and confident. D．Cooperative and committed.
7．What can be the best title for the text
A．A good beginning is half done.
B．Small people make big moves.
C．Where there is a will, there is a way.
D．God helps those who help themselves.
【答案】4．D
5．C
6．A
7．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了12岁女孩Madison受海滩塑料瓶污染的触动，发明了名为"Eco-Hero"的可食用水瓶，以创新方式对抗塑料污染的故事。
【点评】考查阅读理解，本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和标题归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段"When beach-loving Madison noticed those plastic bottles during her family's trips to California, the 12-year-old ‘just felt like this needed to change,' she told Smithsonian Magazine."当热爱海滩的Madison在加利福尼亚的家庭旅行中注意到这些塑料瓶时，这位12岁的女孩‘觉得这需要改变'，她告诉《史密森尼杂志》。可知，Madison在加利福尼亚的家庭旅行中发现海滩上有塑料瓶，这让她产生了设计可食用水瓶的想法。故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据第五段中的"She also took inspiration from previous versions of eatable water bottles, though she focused on making hers bigger and more durable."她还从以前的可食水瓶中获得了灵感，不过她专注于让自己的水瓶更大、更耐用。可知，她设计的水瓶在体积和耐用性上有了改善。故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据第五段中的"To bring her idea to life, Madison built upon the already established method by experimenting with common food materials. She also took inspiration from previous versions of eatable water bottles, though she focused on making hers bigger and more durable."为了将她的想法付诸实践，Madison在已经建立的方法的基础上，对常见的食物材料进行了实验。她还从以前的可食水瓶中获得了灵感，不过她专注于让自己的水瓶更大、更耐用。可推知，Madison根据已经建立的方法和从以前的可食用水瓶中获得的灵感，通过实验设计出了更大、更耐用的水瓶，说明她是一个有创造力的人。根据第四段"‘One of my biggest ambitions for my project was wanting to help the world,' the confident young inventor said in a video on the website."这位自信的年轻发明家在网站上的一段视频中说："我对这个项目最大的抱负之一是想帮助世界。"可知，她有帮助世界的抱负，可推知，她是一个有抱负的人。故选A。
7．标题归纳题。根据最后一段中的"It doesn't necessarily have to be in a big way"这不一定要很大；以及"People can still make a difference in the world, even if it's just in a small way."人们仍然可以在世界上有所作为，即使只是在很小的方面。可知，年仅12岁的女孩Madison设计出了可食用的水瓶，用自己的方式帮助保护环境，她认为人们不一定要做出非常大的成就，小事情也能有重要影响，"小人物也能有大成就"能概括本文主旨，适合作本文标题。故选B。
三、C
Demographic changes, such as aging populations and declining birth rates, pose challenges as well as offer opportunities for industries and countries. To overcome the challenges and seize the opportunities, especially to achieve long-term economic sustainability, economies need to enhance policies promoting innovations.
Now many countries in East Asia are facing the aging population and declining working-age population pared with other advanced countries, Japan encountered the population aging problem at a slightly earlier stage, starting in the mid-1990s. As Japan's percentage of elderly population to the total population increased, it impacted the country's economy, leading to a contraction in domestic demand and decline in both production and consumption, and restricting the growth of economy.
Some innovative companies have actively increased outward FDI (Foreign Direct Investment), providing cost advantages from inexpensive overseas labor to maintain their cost competitiveness. However, the global economy is facing the challenge of declining trade owing to the protectionism practiced by certain countries. Consequently, the chances of boosting growth through outward FDI may be limited.
Developing artificial intelligence is another solution to the negative impacts of the demographic changes. AI and robotics will play a crucial role in stimulating productivity and innovation by making payment for the decline in the working-age population, and the following increase in productivity will in turn raise the demand for labor by creating new employment opportunities.
AI, robotics and other advanced technologies give rise to new tasks within their fields and across other sectors. Therefore, it is necessary to employ cooperation policies to support corporations that promote innovations by increasing investment in research and development, facilitating the growth of new companies, and building a perfect system to protect intellectual properties. Since AI and robotics may replace certain jobs, it is essential to address the potential challenges they may create in the labor market and work out strategies to ensure a balanced and comprehensive transition.
8．What do we know about demographic changes from the first two paragraphs
A．There is no need to worry since the changes offer opportunities.
B．The changes won't affect the long-term economic sustainability.
C．Japan is the only advanced country facing the changes at present.
D．Things should be done to overcome the challenges posed by the changes.
9．What does the underlined word "contraction" mean in the second paragraph
A．Push. B．Decrease. C．Pause. D．Change.
10．What is the writer's attitude to FDI
A．Favorable. B．Intolerant. C．Objective. D．Indifferent.
11．What does the writer advise to tackle the new tasks posed by advanced technologies
A．Withdrawing investment in research and development.
B．Adopting policies that encourage innovation of corporations.
C．Establishing new companies to protect intellectual properties.
D．Creating potential labor market for more possible employments.
【答案】8．D
9．B
10．C
11．B
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；社会现象类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了东亚国家（尤其日本）面临的人口老龄化与劳动年龄人口下降问题，并提出了以创新驱动为核心的应对策略。
【点评】考查阅读理解，本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"To overcome the challenges and seize the opportunities, especially to achieve long-term economic sustainability, economies need to enhance policies promoting innovations."为克服挑战、抓住机遇，特别是实现经济的长期可持续性，各经济体需要加强促进创新的政策。可知，我们应该采取措施来克服人口变化带来的挑战。故选D。
9．词义猜测题。根据第二段红的"As Japan's percentage of elderly population to the total population increased, it impacted the country's economy"随着日本老年人口占总人口比例的上升，这对该国的经济产生了影响；以及"in domestic demand and decline in both production and consumption, and restricting the growth of economy"可知，随着日本老龄人口比例的上升，国家经济受到影响，国内需求"减少"，从而导致生产力和消费下降，经济的增长也受到约束，所以划线词 contraction 意思是"减少"。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段"Some innovative companies have actively increased outward FDI(Foreign Direct Investment), providing cost advantages from inexpensive overseas labor to maintain their cost competitiveness. However, the global economy is facing the challenge of declining trade owing to the protectionism practiced by certain countries. Consequently, the chances of boosting growth through outward FDI may be limited."些创新型企业积极增加对外直接投资（FDI），利用海外廉价劳动力的成本优势保持成本竞争力。然而，由于某些国家实行保护主义，全球经济正面临贸易下降的挑战。因此，通过对外直接投资促进增长的机会可能有限。可推知，作者分别提到了FDI的优点和缺点，即对FDI的态度是客观的。故选C。
11．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"Therefore, it is necessary to employ cooperation policies to support corporations that promote innovations by increasing investment in research and development, facilitating the growth of new companies, and building a perfect system to protect intellectual properties."因此，有必要通过加大研发投入、促进新企业成长、建立完善的知识产权保护制度等合作政策，支持推动创新的企业。可知，作者建议采取鼓励企业创新的政策来应对先进技术带来的新任务。故选B。
四、D
Figuring out biodiversity patterns and detecting rare or just-good-at-hiding species has long posed challenges for ecosystem monitoring and conservation efforts. Traditional survey methods are labor intensive and cover limited areas. Now, emerging environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques open new possibilities.
Scientists collect water or soil samples from an environment and extract (提取) any DNA traces left behind by organisms. This is the environmental DNA (eDNA). They then use one of the two analysis methods — quantitative PCR (qPCR) or DNA sequencing (DNA 测序). Similar to COVID tests, qPCR is used to detect if a specific species' DNA is in the sample. For example, researchers tested river water eDNA to see if endangered fish X was present. When it was detected, they confirmed that the fish lived in that river without directly seeing it. DNA sequencing analyzes all DNA in the sample at once. Scientists can then match the DNA barcodes to databases to identify which species were in the sampled environment.
Although eDNA sampling cannot identify new species or those only known from photos and videos if they are not already listed in the reference databases, the real power of it lies in its ability to capture a wide range of organisms. With just one sample, scientists can detect all kinds of living things, from bacteria to whales, in almost any environment where life exists, including the deep sea and underground caves. One of the most significant advantages of eDNA sampling is that it allows scientists to detect species that are difficult to see or capture. This is particularly useful when studying rare or very small species, or when working in environments like dark water where visibility is limited.
This is just the start. Imagine a future where eDNA data could be collected from the most remote oceans by autonomous vehicles, analyzed by the drone or on board a research vessel (船舰), and integrated with other monitoring data so marine managers and the public can see near-real-time data about the condition of the ocean. Science fiction Not any more.
12．What's the author's purpose of mentioning the example in Paragraph 2
A．To explain the process of qPCR analysis method.
B．To introduce the definition of environmental DNA.
C．To tell the difference between two analysis methods.
D．To show the similarity between qPCR and COVID tests.
13．What's the advantage of eDNA sampling
A．It can detect species from photos and videos.
B．It can help scientists capture endangered species.
C．It enables scientists to work in invisible environment.
D．It can identify any living creature with a sample of it.
14．What could eDNA data be applied to in the future
A．Studying microbial communities.
B．Analyzing diversity changes over time.
C．Collecting species in new environments.
D．Offering statistics for ocean supervision.
15．What's the main idea of the text
A．Scientists have made a breakthrough in undersea research.
B．Rare species have been discovered with two analysis methods.
C．New biodiversity monitoring techniques are around the corner.
D．Traditional survey methods are abandoned for their shortcomings.
【答案】12．A
13．D
14．D
15．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了环境DNA（eDNA）技术这一新兴的生态监测手段，它正在革新生物多样性调查与物种保护的方式。
【点评】考查阅读理解，本题考点涉及细节理解，太离谱的和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段中的"They then use one of the two analysis methods — quantitative PCR (qPCR) or DNA sequencing (DNA 测序). Similar to COVID tests, qPCR is used to detect if a specific species' DNA is in the sample. For example, researchers tested river water eDNA to see if endangered fish X was present. When it was detected, they confirmed that the fish lived in that river without directly seeing it."然后他们使用两种分析方法中的一种——定量PCR (qPCR)或DNA测序(DNA测序)。与COVID测试类似，qPCR用于检测样品中是否存在特定物种的DNA。例如，研究人员测试了河水的eDNA，看看是否存在濒危鱼类X。当它被发现时，他们没有直接看到它就能确认鱼生活在那条河里。可知，作者在第二段提到这个例子的目的是说明qPCR分析方法的过程。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中的"Although eDNA sampling cannot identify new species or those only known from photos and videos if they are not already listed in the reference databases, the real power of it lies in its ability to capture a wide range of organisms. With just one sample, scientists can detect all kinds of living things, from bacteria to whales, in almost any environment where life exists, including the deep sea and underground caves."虽然eDNA采样不能识别新物种，或者那些只从照片和视频中知道的物种，如果它们没有被列入参考数据库，但它的真正力量在于它能够捕获范围广泛的生物。只需一个样本，科学家就可以在几乎任何有生命存在的环境中探测到各种生物，从细菌到鲸鱼，包括深海和地下洞穴。可知，eDNA取样的优势是它可以用它的样本识别任何生物。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"Imagine a future where eDNA data could be collected from the most remote oceans by autonomous vehicles, analyzed by the drone or on board a research vessel (船舰), and integrated with other monitoring data so marine managers and the public can see near-real-time data about the condition of the ocean."想象一下，未来eDNA数据可以由自动驾驶车辆从最偏远的海洋收集，由无人机或研究船上进行分析，并与其他监测数据相结合，这样海洋管理者和公众就可以看到有关海洋状况的近实时数据。可知，eDNA数据在未来可以应用于为海洋监管提供统计数据。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段"Figuring out biodiversity patterns and detecting rare or just-good-at-hiding species has long posed challenges for ecosystem monitoring and conservation efforts. Traditional survey methods are labor intensive and cover limited areas. Now, emerging environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques open new possibilities."长期以来，弄清楚生物多样性的模式，探测稀有或善于隐藏的物种，一直是生态系统监测和保护工作的挑战。传统的调查方法是劳动密集型的，覆盖范围有限。现在，新兴的环境DNA (eDNA)技术开启了新的可能性。可知，文章主要是讲新的生物多样性监测技术即将问世。故选C。
五、阅读下列短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
16．It's no surprise that there's a link between exercise and mental health. But scientists have now made it official: research has found a direct connection between movement and mood. Why does exercise hold so many benefits for our mental health 　 　.
When our muscles tighten, chains of amino acids (氨基酸) called myokines (肌细胞因子) are released into the bloodstream. 　 　. This communication increases adaptation to stress, reduces symptoms of anxiety and has a direct effect on depression.
A recent study published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine showed that treatment for depression can be much more effective when physical activity is added to the usual care. 　 　. "While exercise is not a substitute for professional mental health treatment, physical activity can complement and enhance the effects of the treatment," says lead researcher Ben Singh, a research fellow at the University of South Australia. He says regular exercise in a group setting can boost self-esteem and decrease feelings of isolation and loneliness.
Exercise helps build key connections between the networks within the brain, too. 　 　. Studies have shown that physical activity stimulates creativity, sharpens judgement skills and improves mental energy. It can also help to slow age-related cognitive decline, possibly even slowing the pace of developing Alzheimer's disease.
　 　. In this way you'll keep going back to them. Experts suggest that you aim for a minimum of 10 to 30 minutes, three to five days each week. Getting sweaty is good for your body and mind.
A. It can improve overall cognitive performance
B. They help your muscles and organs communicate
C. The answer, studies say, lies in our brain chemistry
D. Here are the suggestions that you are supposed to pay attention to
E. It is amazing to consider how moving our bodies can affect our minds
F. To get the biggest health boost, the key is to be engaged in sports you enjoy
G. Participants found benefits after 12 weeks of exercising for 30 to 60 minutes a day
【答案】C；B；G；A；F
【知识点】说明文；七选五；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了运动对心理健康的多重益处及其科学原理，并给出了运动建议。
（1）根据空前"Why does exercise hold so many benefits for our mental health "为什么运动对我们的心理健康有这么多好处？可知，此处主要回答上文的问题；以及空后"When our muscles tighten, chains of amino acids (氨基酸) called myokines (肌细胞因子) are released into the bloodstream."当我们的肌肉收紧时，被称为肌促因子的氨基酸链被释放到血液中。提到chains of amino acids氨基酸链的被释放，体现了正是C选项中chemistry的体现。C. The answer, studies say, lies in our brain chemistry"研究表明，答案在于我们大脑中的化学物质"，承上启下，符合语境，故选C。
（2）根据空前"When our muscles tighten, chains of amino acids (氨基酸) called myokines (肌细胞因子) are released into the bloodstream."当我们的肌肉收紧时，被称为肌促因子的氨基酸链被释放到血液中；以及空后"This communication increases adaptation to stress, reduces symptoms of anxiety and has a direct effect on depression."这种交流增加了对压力的适应，减少了焦虑的症状，并对抑郁有直接影响。可知，此处承接上文，说明氨基酸链的具体作用， B. They help your muscles and organs communicate "它们帮助你的肌肉和器官交流"，承上启下，符合语境，故选B。
（3）根据空前"A recent study published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine showed that treatment for depression can be much more effective when physical activity is added to the usual care."最近发表在《英国运动医学杂志》上的一项研究表明，如果在日常护理中加入体育活动，抑郁症的治疗会更有效；以及空后"‘While exercise is not a substitute for professional mental health treatment, physical activity can complement and enhance the effects of the treatment,' says lead researcher Ben Singh, a research fellow at the University of South Australia. He says regular exercise in a group setting can boost self-esteem and decrease feelings of isolation and loneliness."南澳大利亚大学研究员、首席研究员本·辛格说:"虽然运动不能代替专业的心理健康治疗，但体育活动可以补充并增强治疗效果。"他说，在团体环境中定期锻炼可以增强自尊，减少孤立感和孤独感。可知，此处主要就上文加入体育活动展开具体说明，且此处涉及研究，推测本句与研究中的参与者有关。 G. Participants found benefits after 12 weeks of exercising for 30 to 60 minutes a day "参与者在12周后发现每天锻炼30到60分钟是有益的"，承上启下，符合语境，故选G。
（4）根据空前"Exercise helps build key connections between the networks within the brain, too."锻炼也有助于建立大脑网络之间的关键连接；以及空后"Studies have shown that physical activity stimulates creativity, sharpens judgement skills and improves mental energy. It can also help to slow age-related cognitive decline, possibly even slowing the pace of developing Alzheimer's disease."研究表明，体育活动可以激发创造力，提高判断能力，提高精神能量。它还可以帮助减缓与年龄相关的认知衰退，甚至可能减缓阿尔茨海默病的发展速度。可知，此处主要是在说明体育活动对人的大脑的具体好处， A. It can improve overall cognitive performance "它可以提高整体认知能力"，承上启下，符合语境，故选A。
（5）根据空后"In this way you'll keep going back to them. Experts suggest that you aim for a minimum of 10 to 30 minutes, three to five days each week. Getting sweaty is good for your body and mind."这样你就会不断回到他们身边。专家建议，你的目标是每周至少锻炼3到5天，每次10到30分钟。出汗对你的身心都有好处。此处位于文章末段，应起到总结作用，F. To get the biggest health boost, the key is to be engaged in sports you enjoy"为了最大程度地促进健康，关键是要参加你喜欢的运动"符合语境，故选F。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇科普类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
六、阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In 2014, a sophomore student at the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts went with friends for a birthday celebration to Beijing Zoo. Little did he know that a chance 17． at the aquarium (水族馆) there would light a lifelong passion.
Fast-forward to today, Xu, a Beijing native, has 18． to the tropical island of South China's Hainan province, where he serves as a coral 19． for a Sanya-based tropical biological laboratory attached to the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Each day, he spends several hours diving deep under the waves to observe and 20． the growth and development of the creatures that 21． him all those years ago. Xu, who is nicknamed "coral man", is 22． engaged on such social media platforms as Sina Weibo, where he regularly shares visually amazing photos and entertaining videos of corals. He aims to 23． individuals to take action in protecting coral reefs (珊瑚礁) and the oceans as a whole.
For Xu, who had been studying Peking Opera since childhood, becoming a coral conservationist was an 24． turn of events. After he first saw corals at the aquarium, he began to 25． the local market to learn about coral 26． from merchants who sell decorative plants, fish and corals. He also 27． information online. Before long, he had set up a small fish tank at home and started cultivating a coral.
"The coral organism is quite sensitive to its environment and has extremely high 28． for water quality," recalls Xu. "When I started growing coral, its state was not 29． ." But as Xu gained more 30． about coral, including how to control factors like water temperature and pH levels, his coral gradually started to flourish. He also learned that coral reefs are known as "tropical rainforests" and "underwater gardens" of the ocean, providing a 31． for a quarter of all sea creatures.
17．A．accident B．encounter C．application D．performance
18．A．moved B．driven C．appealed D．signaled
19．A．educator B．ambassador
C．artist D．conservationist
20．A．approve B．increase C．document D．smooth
21．A．separated B．relieved C．preserved D．fascinated
22．A．actively B．finally C．universally D．skillfully
23．A．teach B．arrange C．encourage D．force
24．A．impractical B．unexpected C．unfortunate D．unacceptable
25．A．frequent B．expand C．manage D．improve
26．A．selling B．observing C．farming D．decorating
27．A．answered for B．brought in C．searched for D．gave out
28．A．requirements B．reputations C．periods D．priorities
29．A．pure B．good C．confusing D．strict
30．A．evidence B．care C．equipment D．knowledge
31．A．map B．home C．platform D．container
【答案】17．B；18．A；19．D；20．C；21．D；22．A；23．C；24．B；25．A；26．C；27．C；28．A；29．B；30．D；31．B
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了国戏学生 Xu 因一次偶然的水族馆之旅爱上珊瑚，从零自学转型为海南珊瑚保育员，并通过社交媒体呼吁公众保护被称为"海洋热带雨林"的珊瑚礁，展现了"偶然的相遇可以改变一生"的成长故事。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
17．句意：他不知道，在水族馆的一次偶遇会点燃他一生的激情。A：accident"事故"；B：encounter "相遇，邂逅"；C：application"申请"；D：performance" 表现 "。根据上文"In 2014, a sophomore student at the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts went with friends for a birthday celebration to Beijing Zoo."2014年，中国戏曲学院的一名大二学生和朋友一起前往北京动物园庆祝生日；以及下文" After he first saw corals at the aquarium, he began to 9 the local market to learn about coral 10 from merchants who sell decorative plants, fish and corals."在水族馆第一次看到珊瑚后，他开始经常光顾当地市场，向出售装饰植物、鱼类和珊瑚的商人了解珊瑚养殖。可知，他和朋友一起去北京动物园庆生，并没有特意计划，他在这里第一次见到了珊瑚，所以是偶然在水族馆遇到了珊瑚。故选B。
18．句意：快进到今天，北京人 Xu 已经搬到了中国南部海南省的热带岛屿，在那里他是中国科学院附属的三亚热带生物实验室的珊瑚保护主义者。A：moved"移动，搬迁"；B：driven"驾车"；C：appealed"呼吁"；D：signaled " 发信号 "。根据空后" to the tropical island of South China's Hainan province, where he serves as a coral 3 for a Sanya-based tropical biological laboratory attached to the Chinese Academy of Sciences."可知，身为北京人的Xu搬到了海南的热带岛屿上工作。故选A。
19．句意：快进到今天，北京人 Xu 已经搬到了中国南部海南省的热带岛屿，在那里他是中国科学院附属的三亚热带生物实验室的珊瑚保护主义者。A：educator"教育工作者"；B：ambassador"大使"；C：artist" 艺术家 "；D：conservationist " 环境保护主义者 "。根据下文"Xu, who is nicknamed‘coral man', is 6 engaged on such social media platforms as Sina Weibo, where he regularly shares visually amazing photos and entertaining videos of corals. He aims to 7 individuals to take action in protecting coral reefs (珊瑚礁) and the oceans as a whole."被戏称为"珊瑚侠"的 Xu 活跃在新浪微博等社交媒体平台上，他经常在那里分享珊瑚的惊人视觉照片和娱乐视频。他旨在鼓励个人采取行动，保护珊瑚礁和整个海洋。可知，他致力于保护珊瑚，所以他是一名珊瑚保护主义者。下文中的"becoming a coral conservationist"也是提示。故选D。
20．句意：每天，他都要花几个小时深入海浪下，观察和记录这些年前让他着迷的生物的生长和发展。A：approve"赞同"；B：increase"（使）增长"；C：document"记录"；D：smooth " 使平滑，使光滑 "。根据空后"the growth and development of the creatures"可知，此处表示观察和记录珊瑚的生长和发展。故选C。
21．句意：每天，他都要花几个小时深入海浪下，观察和记录这些年前让他着迷的生物的生长和发展。A：separated"（使）分开"；B：relieved"解除，减轻"；C：preserved"保护"；D：fascinated " 深深吸引，迷住 "。根据上文" Little did he know that a chance 1 at the aquarium (水族馆) there would light a lifelong passion. "他不知道，在水族馆的一次偶遇会点燃他一生的激情。可知，他对珊瑚深深迷恋。故选D。
22．句意：被戏称为"珊瑚侠"的 Xu 活跃在新浪微博等社交媒体平台上，他经常在那里分享珊瑚的惊人视觉照片和娱乐视频。A：actively"积极地"；B：finally"最终，最后"；C：universally"全体地"；D：skillfully " 熟练地 "。根据空后"where he regularly shares visually amazing photos and entertaining videos of corals"可知，他经常在社交媒体平台上分享珊瑚的照片和视频，所以他在这些媒体上很活跃。故选A。
23．句意：他旨在鼓励个人采取行动，保护珊瑚礁和整个海洋。A：teach"教"；B：arrange"安排"；C：encourage" 鼓励 "；D：force" 迫使 "。根据空后"individuals to take action in protecting coral reefs(珊瑚礁) and the oceans as a whole"可知，他想通过这种方式鼓励人们行动起来，保护珊瑚礁和整个海洋。故选C。
24．句意：对于从小学习京剧的Xu来说，成为一名珊瑚保护主义者是一个意想不到的转折。A：impractical "不现实的"；B：unexpected"出乎意料的"；C：unfortunate"不幸的"；D：unacceptable "不能接受（或允许、同意）的 "。根据空前"For Xu, who had been studying Peking Opera since childhood"可知， Xu 从小学习京剧，而现在他却成了一名珊瑚保护主义者，这是意想不到的转变。故选B。
25．句意：在水族馆第一次看到珊瑚后，他开始经常光顾当地市场，向出售装饰植物、鱼类和珊瑚的商人了解珊瑚养殖。A：frequent"常去"；B：expand"扩大，增加"；C：manage"管理"；D：improve" 提高 "。根据空后"the local market to learn"可知，他常去光顾当地市场，去了解珊瑚养殖的知识。故选A。
26．句意：在水族馆第一次看到珊瑚后，他开始经常光顾当地市场，向出售装饰植物、鱼类和珊瑚的商人了解珊瑚养殖。A：selling"出售"；B：observing"观察"；C：farming"从事畜牧业"；D：decorating " 装饰 "。根据下文" Before long, he had set up a small fish tank at home and started cultivating a coral." 没过多久，他就在家里布置了一个小鱼缸，并开始培育珊瑚。可知，他后来开始养殖珊瑚，所以可知他向商人了解珊瑚养殖的知识。故选C。
27．句意：他还在网上搜索信息。A：answered for"对……负责"；B：brought in"请……做，引入"；C：searched for"搜索"；D：gave out" 分发，用完 "。根据上文"After he first saw corals at the aquarium, he began to 9 the local market to learn about coral 10 from merchants who sell decorative plants, fish and corals."在水族馆第一次看到珊瑚后，他开始经常光顾当地市场，向出售装饰植物、鱼类和珊瑚的商人了解珊瑚养殖。可知，他不仅向商人了解珊瑚养殖的知识，还去网上搜索信息。故选C。
28．句意："珊瑚生物对环境非常敏感，对水质要求极高，" Xu 回忆道。A：requirements"要求"；B：reputations"声誉"；C：periods"时期"；D：priorities" 优先事项 "。根据空前"is quite sensitive to its environment"可知，珊瑚对环境很敏感，所以养殖珊瑚对水质的要求很高。故选A。
29．句意：当我开始种植珊瑚时，它的状态并不好。A：pure"纯的"；B：good"好的"；C：confusing"难以理解的"；D：strict "严格的"。根据下文"But as Xu gained more 14 about coral, including how to control factors like water temperature and pH levels, his coral gradually started to flourish."但随着 Xu 对珊瑚的了解越来越多，包括如何控制水温和pH值等因素，他的珊瑚逐渐开始茁壮成长。可知，他的珊瑚后来慢慢开始茁壮成长，可推知，一开始的时候珊瑚的状态并不好。故选B。
30．句意：但随着 Xu对珊瑚的了解越来越多，包括如何控制水温和pH值等因素，他的珊瑚逐渐开始茁壮成长。A：evidence"证据"；B：care"关心"；C：equipment"设备"；D：knowledge " 知识，了解 "。根据空后"including how to control factors like water temperature and pH levels"可知，此处指的是关于珊瑚的知识。故选D。
31．句意：他还了解到，珊瑚礁被称为"热带雨林"和海洋的"水下花园"，为四分之一的海洋生物提供了家园。A：map"地图"；B：home"家，家园"；C：platform"平台"；D：container " 容器"。根据空前"reefs are known as ‘tropical rainforests' and ‘underwater gardens' of the ocean"；以及空后"for a quarter of all sea creatures"可知，珊瑚礁被称为"热带雨林"和海洋的"水下花园"，它是海洋生物的栖息地，给海洋生物提供了家园。故选B。
七、第二节（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
2024 is the Year of the Dragon in the Chinese calendar and it is the first time that the Oxford English Dictionary (OED)　32． 　 (include) the term "Chinese dragon" in its dictionary. The Chinese dragon has two definitions in the OED, with the first one about its physical image and the second one on its figurative and allusive (典故的) nature.
Emperors in ancient dynasties were dressed in a Dragon Robe, a traditional silk-woven costume with dragon designs,　33． 　 (symbolize) imperial power and authority. Jade Seals (玉玺), often　34． 　 (carve) with dragons, also symbolize the authority of the emperor.
Contrary　35． 　 the Western dragon, the image of the Chinese dragon, despite undergoing constant changes, has represented various' positive　36． 　 (quality) including prosperity, authority, strength and good fortune.
In ancient Chinese belief, dragons　37． 　 (associate) with the control of the weather, particularly rain. The dragon's ability to bring rain was seen as crucial for agriculture, which made it　38． 　 positive symbol for the fertility of the land.
With the rising China Chic trend and the country's booming cultural creative industry, the Chinese dragon in folktale is now　39． 　 (common) seen in creative products such as tear-off calendars, dolls, dragon-themed jewelry as well as the "dragon blind boxes"　40． 　 appeal to young consumers.
Whether it is through the hands of a national-level intangible (非物质) cultural heritage inheritor　41． 　 the hands of a Generation Z "blind box" designer, the Chinese dragon carries forward the Chinese cultural spirit.
【答案】32．has included；33．symbolizing；34．carved；35．to；36．qualities；37．were associated；38．a；39．commonly；40．which/that；41．or
【知识点】新闻报道类；carve；commonly；or；quality；symbolize；to；which
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，以2024龙年牛津词典首次收录"Chinese dragon"为切入点，全面介绍了中国龙的文化内涵、历史地位及现代传承。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及时态，主谓一致，非谓语动词，介词，语态，名词，冠词，定语从句，连词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
32．句意：2024年是中国农历的龙年，这是《牛津英语词典》首次将"Chinese dragon"纳入词典。 include "包括"，是谓语动词，结合句式结构为"it is+the+序数词+that+主语+have/has done…"可知，这里用完成时结构，且主语"the Oxford English Dictionary"为第三人称单数，应是has done。故填has included。
33．句意：古代帝王都穿龙袍，这是一种传统的丝织服装，上面有龙的图案，象征着皇权和权威。 symbolize "象征"动词。此处作a Dragon Robe的后置定语，应用非谓语动词，二者逻辑上是主谓关系，应用现在分词，故填symbolizing。
34．句意：玉玺，通常刻有龙，也象征着皇帝的权威。 carve "雕刻"，动词，此处作Jade Seals的后置定语，应用非谓语动词，且二者之间逻辑上是动宾关系，应用过去分词，故填carved。
35．句意：与西方的龙相反，中国龙的形象尽管经历了不断的变化，但却代表了各种积极的品质，包括繁荣、权威、力量和好运。contrary to…，固定短语，"与……相反"。故填to。
36．句意：与西方的龙相反，中国龙的形象尽管经历了不断的变化，但却代表了各种积极的品质，包括繁荣、权威、力量和好运。 quality "品质"名词，结合空前various，可知应用可数名词复数。故填qualities。
37．句意：在中国古代的信仰中，龙与控制天气，特别是雨水有关。 associate "关联"，是谓语动词。根据时间状语In ancient Chinese belief可知，应用一般过去时，且与主语dragons之间为被动关系，用一般过去时被动，故填were associated。
38．句意：龙带来雨水的能力被视为对农业至关重要，这使它成为土地肥沃的积极象征。symbol为可数名词，所填空应是不定冠词做限定词。positive/ p z t v/为辅音音素开头的单词，因此这里用a。故填a。
39．句意：随着中国时尚潮流的兴起和中国文化创意产业的蓬勃发展，民间传说中的中国龙现在经常出现在创意产品中，如可撕下的日历、玩偶、以龙为主题的珠宝以及吸引年轻消费者的"龙盲盒"。 common "普遍的"，形容词。此处修饰动词seen，应用其副词commonly"通常，一般地"，副词，故填commonly。
40．句意：随着中国时尚潮流的兴起和中国文化创意产业的蓬勃发展，民间传说中的中国龙现在经常出现在创意产品中，如可撕下的日历、玩偶、以龙为主题的珠宝以及吸引年轻消费者的"龙盲盒"。 appeal to young consumers是限制性定语从句，先行词是"dragon blind boxes， 在从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。
41．句意：不管是通过国家级非物质文化遗产传承人之手，还是通过Z世代"盲盒"设计师之手，中国龙都在弘扬中国文化精神。whether…or…固定短语，"是……还是……，不管……还是"。故填or。
八、第一节（满分15分）
42．假定你是李华，周末你市美术馆要举办中国画展，请你写一封邮件邀请交流生朋友Tom一起前往观展，内容包括：
1. 观展安排；
2. 注意事项。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Tom,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Tom,
Learning that you are enthusiastic about Chinese paintings, I'm writing to invite you to attend a Chinese Art Exhibition.
The exhibition, which will take place on Saturday from 10 am to 5 pm in the City Art Gallery, features a collection of beautiful Chinese paintings that highlight the rich cultural heritage of the country.
Please note that we should arrive early to avoid the crowd. Additionally, bringing a camera is advisable in the gallery. But don't smoke or make loud noise.
Please let me know if you can join me. I'm looking forward to our visit together.
Yours,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文；文学艺术类
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李华的身份给Tom写一封邮件，邀请他一起参加中国画展。写作背景： 周末你市美术馆要举办中国画展 。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1. 观展安排；2. 注意事项。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：Learning that you are enthusiastic about Chinese paintings, I'm writing to invite you to attend a Chinese Art Exhibition.运用了现在分词作状语，宾语从句，不定式作目的状语，不定式作宾补；The exhibition, which will take place on Saturday from 10 am to 5 pm in the City Art Gallery,
features a collection of beautiful Chinese paintings that highlight the rich cultural heritage of the country.运用了非限制性定语从句；Please note that we should arrive early to avoid the crowd. 运用了祈使句，宾语从句；Additionally, bringing a camera is advisable in the gallery.运用了动名词作主语；Please let me know if you can join me.运用了祈使句，省略to的不定式作宾补，宾语从句。
九、第二节（满分25分）
43．阅读下面材料根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Postcards from the World
While the sun washed over the grass of my grandmother's front garden, I sank into one of her armchairs familiar to me. Life, as I knew it, had changed. My beloved grandmother, my Nanny, as a "parent" in the absence of my father, had cancer. It was terminal (晚期的).
As she watched Getaway, a Sunday afternoon TV program, she remarked to me that she'd never left Australia and that now she never would. Seeing her restricted to "travel" by watching TV, I swallowed the sadness that came with knowing that chapters of her life were to be left unwritten.
At work, feeling helpless, I wiped tables and took orders and thought. Hard. The Saturday afternoon lunch rush was not enough to stop me from my thoughts. Collapsed with growing sorrow, I was reminded of the power of Facebook and the collective strength of human sympathy. I raced from the end of my shift to ask strangers on the Internet for help.
My Nanny Del has cancer. It's terminal and she will never see the world. Please send her postcards so she can see the world from her armchair. I can offer nothing but gratitude.
I resolved not to breathe a word of this; if nothing came, I couldn't bear to carry her disappointment along with my own. . And if something should wander into our humble little letterbox, I vould consider it a blessing and embrace it gratefully.
Days turned to weeks: Nothing. And Nanny's health declined rapidly. I was trying to balance my full-time study, babysitting and waiting tables with the tiring responsibility of caring for my grandmother. As I helped Nanny in the early hours of those mornings, she would chat to me, sometimes reflections of her lifetime, and other times, the disturbance caused by medication. She seldom talked about her regret of being unable to travel, but I was still hoping for something.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150个左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
One afternoon, about six weeks after my Facebook post, a travel-worn postcard arrived in our letterbox.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
My dreams of armchair travels became a reality.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文
One afternoon, about six weeks after my Facebook post, a travel-worn postcard arrived in our letterbox. It read, "Nanny Del, thinking of you in Michigan, USA, and thinking of you as we move around this beautiful State." That simple postcard was to me a beacon of light in a desperate period. I held it in my hands, read and re-read the words and felt something—hope. From that day on, our letter box became the destination for postcards from all over the world: India, Portugal, Italy, the Czech Republic, China and so on. It delivered the simple but beautiful description of the world, especially people's warmth to my sick Nanny.
My dreams of armchair travels become a reality. In the months that followed, we travelled the world together with the postcards from all corners of the globe. Nanny enjoyed every visit from the postman. "I just can't believe strangers did this for a little old lady they've never met", she murmured many times. I reached out to the senders, expressing my gratitude for their selfless love. Given my Nanny's worsening condition, I didn't know how long she could hang out for the trips with me, but I did know it was love that made her world go around.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写；故事阅读类
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，本文讲述了作者的祖母癌症晚期，某天祖母说自己从来没有离开过澳大利亚，这让作者感到悲伤。于是作者在网上发帖向陌生人寻求帮助。于是此后他们家的邮箱陆续收到了来自世界各地的明信片，传达了对世界的简单而美丽的描述，也是人们对祖母的关爱和温暖。段落续写：①由第一段首句内容"一天下午，大约是我在Facebook上发帖六周后，我们的信箱收到了一张旅行用过的明信片"可知，第一段可描写他们收到明信片的情况以及作者的感受。②由第二段首句内容"我的扶手椅旅行梦想成为现实"可知，第二段可描写祖母对明信片的喜爱以及作者对这件事情的感悟。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。【点评】该读后续写以"明信片"为线索，从绝望到希望再到爱的升华，情感真挚、结构完整、语言优美，精准抓住了原文的情感脉络， 传达了对世界的简单而美丽的描述，也是人们对祖母的关爱和温暖。文中有一些好的词句，例如：Nanny Del, thinking of you in Michigan, USA, and thinking of you as we move around this beautiful State. 运用了as引导时间状语从句；Given my Nanny's worsening condition, I didn't know how long she could hang out for the trips with me, but I did know it was love that made her world go around. 运用了强调句，宾语从句，转折并列句。
1 / 12024届广东省江门市高三下学期一模考试英语试卷
一、A
Whether you are a fine art lover or history enthusiast, there are some museums that you should visit in your lifetime. Here's a list of the best museums in the world.
LE LOUVRE, PARIS
A visit to the Louvre lets visitors discover ancient civilizations and Western art from the Middle Ages to 1848. The palace of the museum, dating back to the twelfth century and developed by architects from 1200 to 2011, is a lesson in architecture. The most famous art work is Leonardo da Vinci's "Mona Lisa".
THE UFFIZI GALLERIES, FLORENCE
The museum occupies a large building constructed between 1560 and 1580. It's famous for its outstanding collections of ancient sculptures and paintings from the Middle Ages to the Modern period, and mainly known for its paintings by Italian artists.
THE BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON
As the first national museum to cover all fields of human knowledge, it was founded in 1753 and opened its doors in 1759. Its eight million objects allow us to explore the diversity of human cultures, and discover the expressions in human being's life. It boasts the world's second finest collection of Egyptian antiques.
THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART, NEW YORK
Also known as "the Met", it's the largest art museum in the America. Presenting over 5,000 years of art from around the world, the museum lives in two sites in New York: The Met Fifth Avenue and The Met Cloisters. Since its founding in 1870, it has been a treasury of rare and beautiful objects, ranging from European paintings, Egyptian collections to American paintings.
1．Which museum is best known for ancient statues in the Middle Ages
A．The Louvre. B．The Uffizi Galleries.
C．The British Museum. D．The Metropolitan Museum.
2．What can visitors enjoy in both the British Museum and the Met
A．Art works from Egypt. B．Expressions around the world.
C．Rare objects of human culture. D．Paintings from Europe and America.
3．Where is this text most probably taken from
A．An introduction to arts. B．An essay on architecture.
C．A guidebook to museums. D．A review of Egyptian paintings.
二、B
Across the world, humans purchase around 1.3 billion single-use plastic water bottles a day. Because only about 9% of plastic is recycled, the vast majority of those bottles wind up in landfills, the ocean, or elsewhere in nature.
When beach-loving Madison noticed those plastic bottles during her family's trips to California, the 12-year-old "just felt like this needed to change," she told Smithsonian Magazine.
So as she began thinking about what to do for her school science fair back in 2021, the idea of a project centered on reducing plastic pollution quickly came to her mind: she would design an eatable water bottle called the Eco-Hero.
"One of my biggest ambitions for my project was wanting to help the world," the confident young inventor said in a video on the website.
To bring her idea to life, Madison built upon the already established method by experimenting with common food materials. She also took inspiration from previous versions of eatable water bottles, though she focused on making hers bigger and more durable. She found that the combination of water, lemon juice, natural gum, and Alginic acid (褐藻酸) resulted in a gel pouch that wouldn't break, could hold up to 3/4 cup of water, and would last in the fridge for three weeks.
Though she'd like to improve the Eco-Hero by making it able to hold more water, she believes her current version would work well as a replacement for the paper cups used by runners in races. All one needs to do is bite a hole in the water ball, drink the water, and then eat the pouch or throw it away to biodegrade.
Madison hopes the Eco-Hero inspires others to take better care of the planet. "It doesn't necessarily have to be in a big way," she told Smithsonian. "People can still make a difference in the world, even if it's just in a small way."
4．What inspired Madison's design of an eatable water bottle
A．Her school's task. B．Her family's urge.
C．Her love for nature. D．Her trips to the beach.
5．What can we know about the Eco-Hero
A．It is a copy of the previous versions.
B．It is made from unbreakable materials.
C．It is an improvement in size and durability.
D．It has a hole and should be disposed once used.
6．Which of the following words can best describe Madison
A．Ambitious and creative. B．Talented and determined.
C．Courageous and confident. D．Cooperative and committed.
7．What can be the best title for the text
A．A good beginning is half done.
B．Small people make big moves.
C．Where there is a will, there is a way.
D．God helps those who help themselves.
三、C
Demographic changes, such as aging populations and declining birth rates, pose challenges as well as offer opportunities for industries and countries. To overcome the challenges and seize the opportunities, especially to achieve long-term economic sustainability, economies need to enhance policies promoting innovations.
Now many countries in East Asia are facing the aging population and declining working-age population pared with other advanced countries, Japan encountered the population aging problem at a slightly earlier stage, starting in the mid-1990s. As Japan's percentage of elderly population to the total population increased, it impacted the country's economy, leading to a contraction in domestic demand and decline in both production and consumption, and restricting the growth of economy.
Some innovative companies have actively increased outward FDI (Foreign Direct Investment), providing cost advantages from inexpensive overseas labor to maintain their cost competitiveness. However, the global economy is facing the challenge of declining trade owing to the protectionism practiced by certain countries. Consequently, the chances of boosting growth through outward FDI may be limited.
Developing artificial intelligence is another solution to the negative impacts of the demographic changes. AI and robotics will play a crucial role in stimulating productivity and innovation by making payment for the decline in the working-age population, and the following increase in productivity will in turn raise the demand for labor by creating new employment opportunities.
AI, robotics and other advanced technologies give rise to new tasks within their fields and across other sectors. Therefore, it is necessary to employ cooperation policies to support corporations that promote innovations by increasing investment in research and development, facilitating the growth of new companies, and building a perfect system to protect intellectual properties. Since AI and robotics may replace certain jobs, it is essential to address the potential challenges they may create in the labor market and work out strategies to ensure a balanced and comprehensive transition.
8．What do we know about demographic changes from the first two paragraphs
A．There is no need to worry since the changes offer opportunities.
B．The changes won't affect the long-term economic sustainability.
C．Japan is the only advanced country facing the changes at present.
D．Things should be done to overcome the challenges posed by the changes.
9．What does the underlined word "contraction" mean in the second paragraph
A．Push. B．Decrease. C．Pause. D．Change.
10．What is the writer's attitude to FDI
A．Favorable. B．Intolerant. C．Objective. D．Indifferent.
11．What does the writer advise to tackle the new tasks posed by advanced technologies
A．Withdrawing investment in research and development.
B．Adopting policies that encourage innovation of corporations.
C．Establishing new companies to protect intellectual properties.
D．Creating potential labor market for more possible employments.
四、D
Figuring out biodiversity patterns and detecting rare or just-good-at-hiding species has long posed challenges for ecosystem monitoring and conservation efforts. Traditional survey methods are labor intensive and cover limited areas. Now, emerging environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques open new possibilities.
Scientists collect water or soil samples from an environment and extract (提取) any DNA traces left behind by organisms. This is the environmental DNA (eDNA). They then use one of the two analysis methods — quantitative PCR (qPCR) or DNA sequencing (DNA 测序). Similar to COVID tests, qPCR is used to detect if a specific species' DNA is in the sample. For example, researchers tested river water eDNA to see if endangered fish X was present. When it was detected, they confirmed that the fish lived in that river without directly seeing it. DNA sequencing analyzes all DNA in the sample at once. Scientists can then match the DNA barcodes to databases to identify which species were in the sampled environment.
Although eDNA sampling cannot identify new species or those only known from photos and videos if they are not already listed in the reference databases, the real power of it lies in its ability to capture a wide range of organisms. With just one sample, scientists can detect all kinds of living things, from bacteria to whales, in almost any environment where life exists, including the deep sea and underground caves. One of the most significant advantages of eDNA sampling is that it allows scientists to detect species that are difficult to see or capture. This is particularly useful when studying rare or very small species, or when working in environments like dark water where visibility is limited.
This is just the start. Imagine a future where eDNA data could be collected from the most remote oceans by autonomous vehicles, analyzed by the drone or on board a research vessel (船舰), and integrated with other monitoring data so marine managers and the public can see near-real-time data about the condition of the ocean. Science fiction Not any more.
12．What's the author's purpose of mentioning the example in Paragraph 2
A．To explain the process of qPCR analysis method.
B．To introduce the definition of environmental DNA.
C．To tell the difference between two analysis methods.
D．To show the similarity between qPCR and COVID tests.
13．What's the advantage of eDNA sampling
A．It can detect species from photos and videos.
B．It can help scientists capture endangered species.
C．It enables scientists to work in invisible environment.
D．It can identify any living creature with a sample of it.
14．What could eDNA data be applied to in the future
A．Studying microbial communities.
B．Analyzing diversity changes over time.
C．Collecting species in new environments.
D．Offering statistics for ocean supervision.
15．What's the main idea of the text
A．Scientists have made a breakthrough in undersea research.
B．Rare species have been discovered with two analysis methods.
C．New biodiversity monitoring techniques are around the corner.
D．Traditional survey methods are abandoned for their shortcomings.
五、阅读下列短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
16．It's no surprise that there's a link between exercise and mental health. But scientists have now made it official: research has found a direct connection between movement and mood. Why does exercise hold so many benefits for our mental health 　 　.
When our muscles tighten, chains of amino acids (氨基酸) called myokines (肌细胞因子) are released into the bloodstream. 　 　. This communication increases adaptation to stress, reduces symptoms of anxiety and has a direct effect on depression.
A recent study published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine showed that treatment for depression can be much more effective when physical activity is added to the usual care. 　 　. "While exercise is not a substitute for professional mental health treatment, physical activity can complement and enhance the effects of the treatment," says lead researcher Ben Singh, a research fellow at the University of South Australia. He says regular exercise in a group setting can boost self-esteem and decrease feelings of isolation and loneliness.
Exercise helps build key connections between the networks within the brain, too. 　 　. Studies have shown that physical activity stimulates creativity, sharpens judgement skills and improves mental energy. It can also help to slow age-related cognitive decline, possibly even slowing the pace of developing Alzheimer's disease.
　 　. In this way you'll keep going back to them. Experts suggest that you aim for a minimum of 10 to 30 minutes, three to five days each week. Getting sweaty is good for your body and mind.
A. It can improve overall cognitive performance
B. They help your muscles and organs communicate
C. The answer, studies say, lies in our brain chemistry
D. Here are the suggestions that you are supposed to pay attention to
E. It is amazing to consider how moving our bodies can affect our minds
F. To get the biggest health boost, the key is to be engaged in sports you enjoy
G. Participants found benefits after 12 weeks of exercising for 30 to 60 minutes a day
六、阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In 2014, a sophomore student at the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts went with friends for a birthday celebration to Beijing Zoo. Little did he know that a chance 17． at the aquarium (水族馆) there would light a lifelong passion.
Fast-forward to today, Xu, a Beijing native, has 18． to the tropical island of South China's Hainan province, where he serves as a coral 19． for a Sanya-based tropical biological laboratory attached to the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Each day, he spends several hours diving deep under the waves to observe and 20． the growth and development of the creatures that 21． him all those years ago. Xu, who is nicknamed "coral man", is 22． engaged on such social media platforms as Sina Weibo, where he regularly shares visually amazing photos and entertaining videos of corals. He aims to 23． individuals to take action in protecting coral reefs (珊瑚礁) and the oceans as a whole.
For Xu, who had been studying Peking Opera since childhood, becoming a coral conservationist was an 24． turn of events. After he first saw corals at the aquarium, he began to 25． the local market to learn about coral 26． from merchants who sell decorative plants, fish and corals. He also 27． information online. Before long, he had set up a small fish tank at home and started cultivating a coral.
"The coral organism is quite sensitive to its environment and has extremely high 28． for water quality," recalls Xu. "When I started growing coral, its state was not 29． ." But as Xu gained more 30． about coral, including how to control factors like water temperature and pH levels, his coral gradually started to flourish. He also learned that coral reefs are known as "tropical rainforests" and "underwater gardens" of the ocean, providing a 31． for a quarter of all sea creatures.
17．A．accident B．encounter C．application D．performance
18．A．moved B．driven C．appealed D．signaled
19．A．educator B．ambassador
C．artist D．conservationist
20．A．approve B．increase C．document D．smooth
21．A．separated B．relieved C．preserved D．fascinated
22．A．actively B．finally C．universally D．skillfully
23．A．teach B．arrange C．encourage D．force
24．A．impractical B．unexpected C．unfortunate D．unacceptable
25．A．frequent B．expand C．manage D．improve
26．A．selling B．observing C．farming D．decorating
27．A．answered for B．brought in C．searched for D．gave out
28．A．requirements B．reputations C．periods D．priorities
29．A．pure B．good C．confusing D．strict
30．A．evidence B．care C．equipment D．knowledge
31．A．map B．home C．platform D．container
七、第二节（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
2024 is the Year of the Dragon in the Chinese calendar and it is the first time that the Oxford English Dictionary (OED)　32． 　 (include) the term "Chinese dragon" in its dictionary. The Chinese dragon has two definitions in the OED, with the first one about its physical image and the second one on its figurative and allusive (典故的) nature.
Emperors in ancient dynasties were dressed in a Dragon Robe, a traditional silk-woven costume with dragon designs,　33． 　 (symbolize) imperial power and authority. Jade Seals (玉玺), often　34． 　 (carve) with dragons, also symbolize the authority of the emperor.
Contrary　35． 　 the Western dragon, the image of the Chinese dragon, despite undergoing constant changes, has represented various' positive　36． 　 (quality) including prosperity, authority, strength and good fortune.
In ancient Chinese belief, dragons　37． 　 (associate) with the control of the weather, particularly rain. The dragon's ability to bring rain was seen as crucial for agriculture, which made it　38． 　 positive symbol for the fertility of the land.
With the rising China Chic trend and the country's booming cultural creative industry, the Chinese dragon in folktale is now　39． 　 (common) seen in creative products such as tear-off calendars, dolls, dragon-themed jewelry as well as the "dragon blind boxes"　40． 　 appeal to young consumers.
Whether it is through the hands of a national-level intangible (非物质) cultural heritage inheritor　41． 　 the hands of a Generation Z "blind box" designer, the Chinese dragon carries forward the Chinese cultural spirit.
八、第一节（满分15分）
42．假定你是李华，周末你市美术馆要举办中国画展，请你写一封邮件邀请交流生朋友Tom一起前往观展，内容包括：
1. 观展安排；
2. 注意事项。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Tom,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
九、第二节（满分25分）
43．阅读下面材料根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Postcards from the World
While the sun washed over the grass of my grandmother's front garden, I sank into one of her armchairs familiar to me. Life, as I knew it, had changed. My beloved grandmother, my Nanny, as a "parent" in the absence of my father, had cancer. It was terminal (晚期的).
As she watched Getaway, a Sunday afternoon TV program, she remarked to me that she'd never left Australia and that now she never would. Seeing her restricted to "travel" by watching TV, I swallowed the sadness that came with knowing that chapters of her life were to be left unwritten.
At work, feeling helpless, I wiped tables and took orders and thought. Hard. The Saturday afternoon lunch rush was not enough to stop me from my thoughts. Collapsed with growing sorrow, I was reminded of the power of Facebook and the collective strength of human sympathy. I raced from the end of my shift to ask strangers on the Internet for help.
My Nanny Del has cancer. It's terminal and she will never see the world. Please send her postcards so she can see the world from her armchair. I can offer nothing but gratitude.
I resolved not to breathe a word of this; if nothing came, I couldn't bear to carry her disappointment along with my own. . And if something should wander into our humble little letterbox, I vould consider it a blessing and embrace it gratefully.
Days turned to weeks: Nothing. And Nanny's health declined rapidly. I was trying to balance my full-time study, babysitting and waiting tables with the tiring responsibility of caring for my grandmother. As I helped Nanny in the early hours of those mornings, she would chat to me, sometimes reflections of her lifetime, and other times, the disturbance caused by medication. She seldom talked about her regret of being unable to travel, but I was still hoping for something.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150个左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
One afternoon, about six weeks after my Facebook post, a travel-worn postcard arrived in our letterbox.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
My dreams of armchair travels became a reality.
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答案解析部分
【答案】1．B
2．A
3．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，向艺术爱好者和历史迷推荐了世界上最值得一生必去的四大博物馆。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．细节理解题。根据THE UFFIZI GALLERIES, FLORENCE部分中的"It's famous for its outstanding collections of ancient sculptures and paintings from the Middle Ages to the Modern period, and mainly known for its paintings by Italian artists."它以其从中世纪到现代时期的古代雕塑和绘画的杰出收藏而闻名，主要以意大利艺术家的绘画而闻名。可知，乌菲齐美术馆以中世纪的古代雕像而闻名。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据THE BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON部分中的"It boasts the world's second finest collection of Egyptian antiques."它拥有世界上第二好的埃及古董收藏；以及THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART, NEW YORK部分中的"Since its founding in 1870, it has been a treasury of rare and beautiful objects, ranging from European paintings, Egyptian collections to American paintings."自1870年成立以来，它一直是稀有和美丽物品的宝库，从欧洲绘画，埃及收藏品到美国绘画。可知，游客在大英博物馆和大都会博物馆都能享受到埃及的艺术品。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段"Whether you are a fine art lover or history enthusiast, there are some museums that you should visit in your lifetime. Here's a list of the best museums in the world."无论你是美术爱好者还是历史爱好者，总有一些博物馆是你一生中应该去参观的。这里是世界上最好的博物馆的名单；结合文章主要介绍了世界著名的四大艺术博物馆，让读者了解它们的建筑历史、展品特点以及其它的一些相关信息。可推知，文章最有可能选自一本博物馆指南。故选C。
【答案】4．D
5．C
6．A
7．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了12岁女孩Madison受海滩塑料瓶污染的触动，发明了名为"Eco-Hero"的可食用水瓶，以创新方式对抗塑料污染的故事。
【点评】考查阅读理解，本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和标题归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段"When beach-loving Madison noticed those plastic bottles during her family's trips to California, the 12-year-old ‘just felt like this needed to change,' she told Smithsonian Magazine."当热爱海滩的Madison在加利福尼亚的家庭旅行中注意到这些塑料瓶时，这位12岁的女孩‘觉得这需要改变'，她告诉《史密森尼杂志》。可知，Madison在加利福尼亚的家庭旅行中发现海滩上有塑料瓶，这让她产生了设计可食用水瓶的想法。故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据第五段中的"She also took inspiration from previous versions of eatable water bottles, though she focused on making hers bigger and more durable."她还从以前的可食水瓶中获得了灵感，不过她专注于让自己的水瓶更大、更耐用。可知，她设计的水瓶在体积和耐用性上有了改善。故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据第五段中的"To bring her idea to life, Madison built upon the already established method by experimenting with common food materials. She also took inspiration from previous versions of eatable water bottles, though she focused on making hers bigger and more durable."为了将她的想法付诸实践，Madison在已经建立的方法的基础上，对常见的食物材料进行了实验。她还从以前的可食水瓶中获得了灵感，不过她专注于让自己的水瓶更大、更耐用。可推知，Madison根据已经建立的方法和从以前的可食用水瓶中获得的灵感，通过实验设计出了更大、更耐用的水瓶，说明她是一个有创造力的人。根据第四段"‘One of my biggest ambitions for my project was wanting to help the world,' the confident young inventor said in a video on the website."这位自信的年轻发明家在网站上的一段视频中说："我对这个项目最大的抱负之一是想帮助世界。"可知，她有帮助世界的抱负，可推知，她是一个有抱负的人。故选A。
7．标题归纳题。根据最后一段中的"It doesn't necessarily have to be in a big way"这不一定要很大；以及"People can still make a difference in the world, even if it's just in a small way."人们仍然可以在世界上有所作为，即使只是在很小的方面。可知，年仅12岁的女孩Madison设计出了可食用的水瓶，用自己的方式帮助保护环境，她认为人们不一定要做出非常大的成就，小事情也能有重要影响，"小人物也能有大成就"能概括本文主旨，适合作本文标题。故选B。
【答案】8．D
9．B
10．C
11．B
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；社会现象类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了东亚国家（尤其日本）面临的人口老龄化与劳动年龄人口下降问题，并提出了以创新驱动为核心的应对策略。
【点评】考查阅读理解，本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"To overcome the challenges and seize the opportunities, especially to achieve long-term economic sustainability, economies need to enhance policies promoting innovations."为克服挑战、抓住机遇，特别是实现经济的长期可持续性，各经济体需要加强促进创新的政策。可知，我们应该采取措施来克服人口变化带来的挑战。故选D。
9．词义猜测题。根据第二段红的"As Japan's percentage of elderly population to the total population increased, it impacted the country's economy"随着日本老年人口占总人口比例的上升，这对该国的经济产生了影响；以及"in domestic demand and decline in both production and consumption, and restricting the growth of economy"可知，随着日本老龄人口比例的上升，国家经济受到影响，国内需求"减少"，从而导致生产力和消费下降，经济的增长也受到约束，所以划线词 contraction 意思是"减少"。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段"Some innovative companies have actively increased outward FDI(Foreign Direct Investment), providing cost advantages from inexpensive overseas labor to maintain their cost competitiveness. However, the global economy is facing the challenge of declining trade owing to the protectionism practiced by certain countries. Consequently, the chances of boosting growth through outward FDI may be limited."些创新型企业积极增加对外直接投资（FDI），利用海外廉价劳动力的成本优势保持成本竞争力。然而，由于某些国家实行保护主义，全球经济正面临贸易下降的挑战。因此，通过对外直接投资促进增长的机会可能有限。可推知，作者分别提到了FDI的优点和缺点，即对FDI的态度是客观的。故选C。
11．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"Therefore, it is necessary to employ cooperation policies to support corporations that promote innovations by increasing investment in research and development, facilitating the growth of new companies, and building a perfect system to protect intellectual properties."因此，有必要通过加大研发投入、促进新企业成长、建立完善的知识产权保护制度等合作政策，支持推动创新的企业。可知，作者建议采取鼓励企业创新的政策来应对先进技术带来的新任务。故选B。
【答案】12．A
13．D
14．D
15．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了环境DNA（eDNA）技术这一新兴的生态监测手段，它正在革新生物多样性调查与物种保护的方式。
【点评】考查阅读理解，本题考点涉及细节理解，太离谱的和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段中的"They then use one of the two analysis methods — quantitative PCR (qPCR) or DNA sequencing (DNA 测序). Similar to COVID tests, qPCR is used to detect if a specific species' DNA is in the sample. For example, researchers tested river water eDNA to see if endangered fish X was present. When it was detected, they confirmed that the fish lived in that river without directly seeing it."然后他们使用两种分析方法中的一种——定量PCR (qPCR)或DNA测序(DNA测序)。与COVID测试类似，qPCR用于检测样品中是否存在特定物种的DNA。例如，研究人员测试了河水的eDNA，看看是否存在濒危鱼类X。当它被发现时，他们没有直接看到它就能确认鱼生活在那条河里。可知，作者在第二段提到这个例子的目的是说明qPCR分析方法的过程。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中的"Although eDNA sampling cannot identify new species or those only known from photos and videos if they are not already listed in the reference databases, the real power of it lies in its ability to capture a wide range of organisms. With just one sample, scientists can detect all kinds of living things, from bacteria to whales, in almost any environment where life exists, including the deep sea and underground caves."虽然eDNA采样不能识别新物种，或者那些只从照片和视频中知道的物种，如果它们没有被列入参考数据库，但它的真正力量在于它能够捕获范围广泛的生物。只需一个样本，科学家就可以在几乎任何有生命存在的环境中探测到各种生物，从细菌到鲸鱼，包括深海和地下洞穴。可知，eDNA取样的优势是它可以用它的样本识别任何生物。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"Imagine a future where eDNA data could be collected from the most remote oceans by autonomous vehicles, analyzed by the drone or on board a research vessel (船舰), and integrated with other monitoring data so marine managers and the public can see near-real-time data about the condition of the ocean."想象一下，未来eDNA数据可以由自动驾驶车辆从最偏远的海洋收集，由无人机或研究船上进行分析，并与其他监测数据相结合，这样海洋管理者和公众就可以看到有关海洋状况的近实时数据。可知，eDNA数据在未来可以应用于为海洋监管提供统计数据。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段"Figuring out biodiversity patterns and detecting rare or just-good-at-hiding species has long posed challenges for ecosystem monitoring and conservation efforts. Traditional survey methods are labor intensive and cover limited areas. Now, emerging environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques open new possibilities."长期以来，弄清楚生物多样性的模式，探测稀有或善于隐藏的物种，一直是生态系统监测和保护工作的挑战。传统的调查方法是劳动密集型的，覆盖范围有限。现在，新兴的环境DNA (eDNA)技术开启了新的可能性。可知，文章主要是讲新的生物多样性监测技术即将问世。故选C。
16．【答案】C；B；G；A；F
【知识点】说明文；七选五；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了运动对心理健康的多重益处及其科学原理，并给出了运动建议。
（1）根据空前"Why does exercise hold so many benefits for our mental health "为什么运动对我们的心理健康有这么多好处？可知，此处主要回答上文的问题；以及空后"When our muscles tighten, chains of amino acids (氨基酸) called myokines (肌细胞因子) are released into the bloodstream."当我们的肌肉收紧时，被称为肌促因子的氨基酸链被释放到血液中。提到chains of amino acids氨基酸链的被释放，体现了正是C选项中chemistry的体现。C. The answer, studies say, lies in our brain chemistry"研究表明，答案在于我们大脑中的化学物质"，承上启下，符合语境，故选C。
（2）根据空前"When our muscles tighten, chains of amino acids (氨基酸) called myokines (肌细胞因子) are released into the bloodstream."当我们的肌肉收紧时，被称为肌促因子的氨基酸链被释放到血液中；以及空后"This communication increases adaptation to stress, reduces symptoms of anxiety and has a direct effect on depression."这种交流增加了对压力的适应，减少了焦虑的症状，并对抑郁有直接影响。可知，此处承接上文，说明氨基酸链的具体作用， B. They help your muscles and organs communicate "它们帮助你的肌肉和器官交流"，承上启下，符合语境，故选B。
（3）根据空前"A recent study published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine showed that treatment for depression can be much more effective when physical activity is added to the usual care."最近发表在《英国运动医学杂志》上的一项研究表明，如果在日常护理中加入体育活动，抑郁症的治疗会更有效；以及空后"‘While exercise is not a substitute for professional mental health treatment, physical activity can complement and enhance the effects of the treatment,' says lead researcher Ben Singh, a research fellow at the University of South Australia. He says regular exercise in a group setting can boost self-esteem and decrease feelings of isolation and loneliness."南澳大利亚大学研究员、首席研究员本·辛格说:"虽然运动不能代替专业的心理健康治疗，但体育活动可以补充并增强治疗效果。"他说，在团体环境中定期锻炼可以增强自尊，减少孤立感和孤独感。可知，此处主要就上文加入体育活动展开具体说明，且此处涉及研究，推测本句与研究中的参与者有关。 G. Participants found benefits after 12 weeks of exercising for 30 to 60 minutes a day "参与者在12周后发现每天锻炼30到60分钟是有益的"，承上启下，符合语境，故选G。
（4）根据空前"Exercise helps build key connections between the networks within the brain, too."锻炼也有助于建立大脑网络之间的关键连接；以及空后"Studies have shown that physical activity stimulates creativity, sharpens judgement skills and improves mental energy. It can also help to slow age-related cognitive decline, possibly even slowing the pace of developing Alzheimer's disease."研究表明，体育活动可以激发创造力，提高判断能力，提高精神能量。它还可以帮助减缓与年龄相关的认知衰退，甚至可能减缓阿尔茨海默病的发展速度。可知，此处主要是在说明体育活动对人的大脑的具体好处， A. It can improve overall cognitive performance "它可以提高整体认知能力"，承上启下，符合语境，故选A。
（5）根据空后"In this way you'll keep going back to them. Experts suggest that you aim for a minimum of 10 to 30 minutes, three to five days each week. Getting sweaty is good for your body and mind."这样你就会不断回到他们身边。专家建议，你的目标是每周至少锻炼3到5天，每次10到30分钟。出汗对你的身心都有好处。此处位于文章末段，应起到总结作用，F. To get the biggest health boost, the key is to be engaged in sports you enjoy"为了最大程度地促进健康，关键是要参加你喜欢的运动"符合语境，故选F。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇科普类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
【答案】17．B；18．A；19．D；20．C；21．D；22．A；23．C；24．B；25．A；26．C；27．C；28．A；29．B；30．D；31．B
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了国戏学生 Xu 因一次偶然的水族馆之旅爱上珊瑚，从零自学转型为海南珊瑚保育员，并通过社交媒体呼吁公众保护被称为"海洋热带雨林"的珊瑚礁，展现了"偶然的相遇可以改变一生"的成长故事。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
17．句意：他不知道，在水族馆的一次偶遇会点燃他一生的激情。A：accident"事故"；B：encounter "相遇，邂逅"；C：application"申请"；D：performance" 表现 "。根据上文"In 2014, a sophomore student at the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts went with friends for a birthday celebration to Beijing Zoo."2014年，中国戏曲学院的一名大二学生和朋友一起前往北京动物园庆祝生日；以及下文" After he first saw corals at the aquarium, he began to 9 the local market to learn about coral 10 from merchants who sell decorative plants, fish and corals."在水族馆第一次看到珊瑚后，他开始经常光顾当地市场，向出售装饰植物、鱼类和珊瑚的商人了解珊瑚养殖。可知，他和朋友一起去北京动物园庆生，并没有特意计划，他在这里第一次见到了珊瑚，所以是偶然在水族馆遇到了珊瑚。故选B。
18．句意：快进到今天，北京人 Xu 已经搬到了中国南部海南省的热带岛屿，在那里他是中国科学院附属的三亚热带生物实验室的珊瑚保护主义者。A：moved"移动，搬迁"；B：driven"驾车"；C：appealed"呼吁"；D：signaled " 发信号 "。根据空后" to the tropical island of South China's Hainan province, where he serves as a coral 3 for a Sanya-based tropical biological laboratory attached to the Chinese Academy of Sciences."可知，身为北京人的Xu搬到了海南的热带岛屿上工作。故选A。
19．句意：快进到今天，北京人 Xu 已经搬到了中国南部海南省的热带岛屿，在那里他是中国科学院附属的三亚热带生物实验室的珊瑚保护主义者。A：educator"教育工作者"；B：ambassador"大使"；C：artist" 艺术家 "；D：conservationist " 环境保护主义者 "。根据下文"Xu, who is nicknamed‘coral man', is 6 engaged on such social media platforms as Sina Weibo, where he regularly shares visually amazing photos and entertaining videos of corals. He aims to 7 individuals to take action in protecting coral reefs (珊瑚礁) and the oceans as a whole."被戏称为"珊瑚侠"的 Xu 活跃在新浪微博等社交媒体平台上，他经常在那里分享珊瑚的惊人视觉照片和娱乐视频。他旨在鼓励个人采取行动，保护珊瑚礁和整个海洋。可知，他致力于保护珊瑚，所以他是一名珊瑚保护主义者。下文中的"becoming a coral conservationist"也是提示。故选D。
20．句意：每天，他都要花几个小时深入海浪下，观察和记录这些年前让他着迷的生物的生长和发展。A：approve"赞同"；B：increase"（使）增长"；C：document"记录"；D：smooth " 使平滑，使光滑 "。根据空后"the growth and development of the creatures"可知，此处表示观察和记录珊瑚的生长和发展。故选C。
21．句意：每天，他都要花几个小时深入海浪下，观察和记录这些年前让他着迷的生物的生长和发展。A：separated"（使）分开"；B：relieved"解除，减轻"；C：preserved"保护"；D：fascinated " 深深吸引，迷住 "。根据上文" Little did he know that a chance 1 at the aquarium (水族馆) there would light a lifelong passion. "他不知道，在水族馆的一次偶遇会点燃他一生的激情。可知，他对珊瑚深深迷恋。故选D。
22．句意：被戏称为"珊瑚侠"的 Xu 活跃在新浪微博等社交媒体平台上，他经常在那里分享珊瑚的惊人视觉照片和娱乐视频。A：actively"积极地"；B：finally"最终，最后"；C：universally"全体地"；D：skillfully " 熟练地 "。根据空后"where he regularly shares visually amazing photos and entertaining videos of corals"可知，他经常在社交媒体平台上分享珊瑚的照片和视频，所以他在这些媒体上很活跃。故选A。
23．句意：他旨在鼓励个人采取行动，保护珊瑚礁和整个海洋。A：teach"教"；B：arrange"安排"；C：encourage" 鼓励 "；D：force" 迫使 "。根据空后"individuals to take action in protecting coral reefs(珊瑚礁) and the oceans as a whole"可知，他想通过这种方式鼓励人们行动起来，保护珊瑚礁和整个海洋。故选C。
24．句意：对于从小学习京剧的Xu来说，成为一名珊瑚保护主义者是一个意想不到的转折。A：impractical "不现实的"；B：unexpected"出乎意料的"；C：unfortunate"不幸的"；D：unacceptable "不能接受（或允许、同意）的 "。根据空前"For Xu, who had been studying Peking Opera since childhood"可知， Xu 从小学习京剧，而现在他却成了一名珊瑚保护主义者，这是意想不到的转变。故选B。
25．句意：在水族馆第一次看到珊瑚后，他开始经常光顾当地市场，向出售装饰植物、鱼类和珊瑚的商人了解珊瑚养殖。A：frequent"常去"；B：expand"扩大，增加"；C：manage"管理"；D：improve" 提高 "。根据空后"the local market to learn"可知，他常去光顾当地市场，去了解珊瑚养殖的知识。故选A。
26．句意：在水族馆第一次看到珊瑚后，他开始经常光顾当地市场，向出售装饰植物、鱼类和珊瑚的商人了解珊瑚养殖。A：selling"出售"；B：observing"观察"；C：farming"从事畜牧业"；D：decorating " 装饰 "。根据下文" Before long, he had set up a small fish tank at home and started cultivating a coral." 没过多久，他就在家里布置了一个小鱼缸，并开始培育珊瑚。可知，他后来开始养殖珊瑚，所以可知他向商人了解珊瑚养殖的知识。故选C。
27．句意：他还在网上搜索信息。A：answered for"对……负责"；B：brought in"请……做，引入"；C：searched for"搜索"；D：gave out" 分发，用完 "。根据上文"After he first saw corals at the aquarium, he began to 9 the local market to learn about coral 10 from merchants who sell decorative plants, fish and corals."在水族馆第一次看到珊瑚后，他开始经常光顾当地市场，向出售装饰植物、鱼类和珊瑚的商人了解珊瑚养殖。可知，他不仅向商人了解珊瑚养殖的知识，还去网上搜索信息。故选C。
28．句意："珊瑚生物对环境非常敏感，对水质要求极高，" Xu 回忆道。A：requirements"要求"；B：reputations"声誉"；C：periods"时期"；D：priorities" 优先事项 "。根据空前"is quite sensitive to its environment"可知，珊瑚对环境很敏感，所以养殖珊瑚对水质的要求很高。故选A。
29．句意：当我开始种植珊瑚时，它的状态并不好。A：pure"纯的"；B：good"好的"；C：confusing"难以理解的"；D：strict "严格的"。根据下文"But as Xu gained more 14 about coral, including how to control factors like water temperature and pH levels, his coral gradually started to flourish."但随着 Xu 对珊瑚的了解越来越多，包括如何控制水温和pH值等因素，他的珊瑚逐渐开始茁壮成长。可知，他的珊瑚后来慢慢开始茁壮成长，可推知，一开始的时候珊瑚的状态并不好。故选B。
30．句意：但随着 Xu对珊瑚的了解越来越多，包括如何控制水温和pH值等因素，他的珊瑚逐渐开始茁壮成长。A：evidence"证据"；B：care"关心"；C：equipment"设备"；D：knowledge " 知识，了解 "。根据空后"including how to control factors like water temperature and pH levels"可知，此处指的是关于珊瑚的知识。故选D。
31．句意：他还了解到，珊瑚礁被称为"热带雨林"和海洋的"水下花园"，为四分之一的海洋生物提供了家园。A：map"地图"；B：home"家，家园"；C：platform"平台"；D：container " 容器"。根据空前"reefs are known as ‘tropical rainforests' and ‘underwater gardens' of the ocean"；以及空后"for a quarter of all sea creatures"可知，珊瑚礁被称为"热带雨林"和海洋的"水下花园"，它是海洋生物的栖息地，给海洋生物提供了家园。故选B。
【答案】32．has included；33．symbolizing；34．carved；35．to；36．qualities；37．were associated；38．a；39．commonly；40．which/that；41．or
【知识点】新闻报道类；carve；commonly；or；quality；symbolize；to；which
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，以2024龙年牛津词典首次收录"Chinese dragon"为切入点，全面介绍了中国龙的文化内涵、历史地位及现代传承。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及时态，主谓一致，非谓语动词，介词，语态，名词，冠词，定语从句，连词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
32．句意：2024年是中国农历的龙年，这是《牛津英语词典》首次将"Chinese dragon"纳入词典。 include "包括"，是谓语动词，结合句式结构为"it is+the+序数词+that+主语+have/has done…"可知，这里用完成时结构，且主语"the Oxford English Dictionary"为第三人称单数，应是has done。故填has included。
33．句意：古代帝王都穿龙袍，这是一种传统的丝织服装，上面有龙的图案，象征着皇权和权威。 symbolize "象征"动词。此处作a Dragon Robe的后置定语，应用非谓语动词，二者逻辑上是主谓关系，应用现在分词，故填symbolizing。
34．句意：玉玺，通常刻有龙，也象征着皇帝的权威。 carve "雕刻"，动词，此处作Jade Seals的后置定语，应用非谓语动词，且二者之间逻辑上是动宾关系，应用过去分词，故填carved。
35．句意：与西方的龙相反，中国龙的形象尽管经历了不断的变化，但却代表了各种积极的品质，包括繁荣、权威、力量和好运。contrary to…，固定短语，"与……相反"。故填to。
36．句意：与西方的龙相反，中国龙的形象尽管经历了不断的变化，但却代表了各种积极的品质，包括繁荣、权威、力量和好运。 quality "品质"名词，结合空前various，可知应用可数名词复数。故填qualities。
37．句意：在中国古代的信仰中，龙与控制天气，特别是雨水有关。 associate "关联"，是谓语动词。根据时间状语In ancient Chinese belief可知，应用一般过去时，且与主语dragons之间为被动关系，用一般过去时被动，故填were associated。
38．句意：龙带来雨水的能力被视为对农业至关重要，这使它成为土地肥沃的积极象征。symbol为可数名词，所填空应是不定冠词做限定词。positive/ p z t v/为辅音音素开头的单词，因此这里用a。故填a。
39．句意：随着中国时尚潮流的兴起和中国文化创意产业的蓬勃发展，民间传说中的中国龙现在经常出现在创意产品中，如可撕下的日历、玩偶、以龙为主题的珠宝以及吸引年轻消费者的"龙盲盒"。 common "普遍的"，形容词。此处修饰动词seen，应用其副词commonly"通常，一般地"，副词，故填commonly。
40．句意：随着中国时尚潮流的兴起和中国文化创意产业的蓬勃发展，民间传说中的中国龙现在经常出现在创意产品中，如可撕下的日历、玩偶、以龙为主题的珠宝以及吸引年轻消费者的"龙盲盒"。 appeal to young consumers是限制性定语从句，先行词是"dragon blind boxes， 在从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。
41．句意：不管是通过国家级非物质文化遗产传承人之手，还是通过Z世代"盲盒"设计师之手，中国龙都在弘扬中国文化精神。whether…or…固定短语，"是……还是……，不管……还是"。故填or。
42．【答案】Dear Tom,
Learning that you are enthusiastic about Chinese paintings, I'm writing to invite you to attend a Chinese Art Exhibition.
The exhibition, which will take place on Saturday from 10 am to 5 pm in the City Art Gallery, features a collection of beautiful Chinese paintings that highlight the rich cultural heritage of the country.
Please note that we should arrive early to avoid the crowd. Additionally, bringing a camera is advisable in the gallery. But don't smoke or make loud noise.
Please let me know if you can join me. I'm looking forward to our visit together.
Yours,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文；文学艺术类
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李华的身份给Tom写一封邮件，邀请他一起参加中国画展。写作背景： 周末你市美术馆要举办中国画展 。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1. 观展安排；2. 注意事项。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：Learning that you are enthusiastic about Chinese paintings, I'm writing to invite you to attend a Chinese Art Exhibition.运用了现在分词作状语，宾语从句，不定式作目的状语，不定式作宾补；The exhibition, which will take place on Saturday from 10 am to 5 pm in the City Art Gallery,
features a collection of beautiful Chinese paintings that highlight the rich cultural heritage of the country.运用了非限制性定语从句；Please note that we should arrive early to avoid the crowd. 运用了祈使句，宾语从句；Additionally, bringing a camera is advisable in the gallery.运用了动名词作主语；Please let me know if you can join me.运用了祈使句，省略to的不定式作宾补，宾语从句。
43．【答案】范文
One afternoon, about six weeks after my Facebook post, a travel-worn postcard arrived in our letterbox. It read, "Nanny Del, thinking of you in Michigan, USA, and thinking of you as we move around this beautiful State." That simple postcard was to me a beacon of light in a desperate period. I held it in my hands, read and re-read the words and felt something—hope. From that day on, our letter box became the destination for postcards from all over the world: India, Portugal, Italy, the Czech Republic, China and so on. It delivered the simple but beautiful description of the world, especially people's warmth to my sick Nanny.
My dreams of armchair travels become a reality. In the months that followed, we travelled the world together with the postcards from all corners of the globe. Nanny enjoyed every visit from the postman. "I just can't believe strangers did this for a little old lady they've never met", she murmured many times. I reached out to the senders, expressing my gratitude for their selfless love. Given my Nanny's worsening condition, I didn't know how long she could hang out for the trips with me, but I did know it was love that made her world go around.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写；故事阅读类
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，本文讲述了作者的祖母癌症晚期，某天祖母说自己从来没有离开过澳大利亚，这让作者感到悲伤。于是作者在网上发帖向陌生人寻求帮助。于是此后他们家的邮箱陆续收到了来自世界各地的明信片，传达了对世界的简单而美丽的描述，也是人们对祖母的关爱和温暖。段落续写：①由第一段首句内容"一天下午，大约是我在Facebook上发帖六周后，我们的信箱收到了一张旅行用过的明信片"可知，第一段可描写他们收到明信片的情况以及作者的感受。②由第二段首句内容"我的扶手椅旅行梦想成为现实"可知，第二段可描写祖母对明信片的喜爱以及作者对这件事情的感悟。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。【点评】该读后续写以"明信片"为线索，从绝望到希望再到爱的升华，情感真挚、结构完整、语言优美，精准抓住了原文的情感脉络， 传达了对世界的简单而美丽的描述，也是人们对祖母的关爱和温暖。文中有一些好的词句，例如：Nanny Del, thinking of you in Michigan, USA, and thinking of you as we move around this beautiful State. 运用了as引导时间状语从句；Given my Nanny's worsening condition, I didn't know how long she could hang out for the trips with me, but I did know it was love that made her world go around. 运用了强调句，宾语从句，转折并列句。
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