资源简介

(共47张PPT)
第一部分 教材梳理篇
UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
主题语境　历史、社会与文化
内容索引
NEIRONGSUOYIN
Part 1　核心考点突破
Part 2　基础知识达标
Part 3　写作能力培优
Part 1　核心考点突破
1.surround vt.包围；围绕→_____________ adj.周围的；附近的→_____________ n.环境
surround... with... 用……包围……
be surrounded by/with... 被……包围
①Surrounding yourself ____________ people who are positive can be very beneficial to your mental health.
surrounding
surroundings
with
②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, ___________ (surround) by blooming flowers.
③如果您能就如何快速适应新环境给我一些有益的建议，我将不胜感激。(求助信)
I would appreciate it if you could offer me some beneficial advice on ________________________________________.
surrounded
how to adapt to the new surroundings quickly
2.charge vt.收费；控告；充电；向……方向冲去；猛冲 n.收费；指控；主管
(1)charge sb. with (doing) sth.＝accuse sb. of (doing) sth. 指控某人犯……罪
charge sb. money for sth. 因某事/某物收某人钱
(2)free of charge＝for free免费
in charge of掌管(表示状态)
take charge of掌管(表示动作)
in the charge of... 被……掌管；由……负责
这个组织将负责组织一个免费医疗营，在那里医生免费提供咨询，团队确保没有人向贫困人群收取基本药品的费用；他们还警告说，他们将以盗窃罪起诉任何窃取捐赠药品的个人。
The organization will _____________ organizing a free medical camp, where doctors offer consultations ____________________ and the team makes sure no one __________ the poor _____ basic medicines; they also warn that they will __________ any individual who steals donated medicine supplies __________ theft.
take charge of
free of charge/for free
charges
for
charge
with
3.announce vt.宣布；通知；声称→_______________ n.宣布；通知→______________ n.广播员；解说员
(1)announce sth. to sb.＝announce to sb. sth. 向某人宣布某事
It is announced that... 据宣布……
as is announced... 正如宣布的那样……
(2)make an announcement (to sb.)(向某人)发通知
announcement
announcer
①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Our teacher announced _____ us that I won first place in the writing competition. Hearing the __________________ (announce), I was too excited to say a word.
②据宣布，我们班在合唱比赛中获得了第一名，我们情不自禁地不停地拍手，激动得热泪盈眶。(情绪描写)
____________________ our class has won first prize in the chorus competition. We can’t help clapping our hands repeatedly with excited tears in our eyes.
to
announcement
It is announced that
③请注意！我现在有一个重要的通知要宣布。我们学校的英语广播站正在寻找一名能够说流利而地道的英语的播音员。任何感兴趣的人都可以在本周内提出申请。
Attention please！Now I ___________________________________. Our school’s English broadcast station is ______________________ who is capable of speaking fluent and authentic English. Anyone who is interested can apply this week.
have an important announcement to make
looking for an announcer
4.amount n.金额；数量 vi.总计，共计；相当于，等于
(1)the amount of... ……的数量
“大量/少量的”表达：
a large/small amount of＋n.[U]＋v.(单数)
large/small amounts of＋n.[U]＋v.(复数)
(2)amount to共计，总计；等于，相当于
①After I determined to participate in the speech competition, large amounts of effort _______ (be) made to improve my English fluency.
were
②为了保持健康，有规律的适量锻炼是相当必要的。此外，花在运动上的时间应该根据你的身体状况来调整。(运动与健康)
In order to keep healthy, ____________________________________
___________. In addition, _________________ spent on exercise should be adjusted based on your physical condition.
③我暑假赚的钱总计100美元，这笔钱可以帮助养活我的家人。
The money I earned during the summer holidays ________________
____________, which could help support my family.
a proper amount of regular exercise is quite
the amount of time
necessary
amounted to
100 dollars
5.approach n.接近；方法；途径 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近
(1)an approach to (doing) sth.(做)某事的方法/途径
at the approach of... 在快到……的时候
(2)with... approaching在……快到的时候
用approach的适当形式填空
With the winter _____________, Leo adopted different ___________ to getting close to the squirrel. He tiptoed to the old tree, _____________ the squirrel and observed it with caution. Sometimes, he would place some food on the ground near the tree. As time went by, the squirrel didn’t escape at the ____________ of him. Instead, it would sit on the ground as if waiting for him.
approaching
approaches
approached
approach
6.eager adj.渴望的；热切的→____________ adv.热心地；急切地→____________ n.热切；渴望
(1)be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事
be eager for sth. 渴望得到某物
(2)with eagerness＝eagerly热切地；急切地
①(2023·全国乙卷) Learning that the school English newspaper is organizing students to share the new skill they learned during the holiday, I’m __________ (eager) writing to share a skill that I have taken up.
eagerly
eagerness
eagerly
②孩子的渴望表现得很明显——他渴望打开盒子，渴望得到里面的惊喜，眼睛里闪烁着兴奋的光芒。(情绪描写)
________________________________________________________
the box and _________________________ inside, eyes shining with excitement.
The child’s eagerness showed clearly—he was eager to open
eager for the surprise
7.break away (from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱
break down出故障；失败；垮掉；分解；打破
break in破门而入；打断(谈话等)
break into强行闯入；突然……起来
break out (战争、火山等)爆发；发生(无被动语态)
break up解体；分解；解散；分手；结束；放假
break through冲破，突破；取得突破
①(外研必修二U6)It takes hundreds of years for plastic to ____________, but much less time for paper.
②(译林选必二U1)A terrible fire _____________ on Sunday night, leaving the Henderson Tower seriously damaged.
③At last, those doctors _____________ in the fight against heart disease.
break down
broke out
broke through
④I’m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have ____________.
⑤(人教必修二U4)在20世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国。
____________________________________________________________
broken up
In the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK.
8.belong to属于；是……的成员；是……的组成部分→_________ vi.应在(某处)；适应，合得来→__________ n.[U]归属；[pl.]动产，财物
(1)a sense of belonging归属感
(2)belong to 没有被动语态和进行时态，作非谓语时要使用doing形式，用法相同的短语还有date back to(追溯到)、consist of(包括)、take place(发生)等。
belong
belonging
①When told that the man enthusiastic about charity had decided to donate all his __________ (belong) after his death, all of us in the community showed great respect for him.
②Paper-cutting which will be taught by local craftsmen has a history of over 1，500 years, __________ (belong) to traditional art in China.
belongings
belonging
③正是因为你的慷慨帮助，我很快就产生了归属感，适应了新的环境。
It was because of your generous assistance _____________________
_________________________________________________.
that I soon developed a sense of belonging and adapted to the new surroundings
9.as well as同(一样也)；和；还
(1)as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分，如名词、形容词、动词、介词短语，通常不位于句首。作“也，还”解，连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数与as well as前面的主语保持一致(就远原则)。
(2)用作介词时，as well as相当于besides、in addition to, 意为“除……之外”，后面通常接名词或动名词，尤其是位于句首时。
(3)as well意为“也；又；还”，位于句末。
①The teacher as well as us students _______ (have) passion for the music festival held annually in our school.
②(2025·全国一卷)在我看来，这个专栏可以鼓励学生之间的互动，加强友谊，也可以激发学生的好奇心和参与度。
From my point of view, this column can encourage interaction between students and strengthen friendships, ____________________
______________________.
has
as well as spark students’ curiosity and engagement
③听到她的小狗走失的惊人消息时，她泪如泉涌，心也仿佛被撕碎了。(悲伤表达)
When she heard the shocking news that her little puppy was missing, tears welled up in her eyes, and ______________________________.
her heart seemed to be torn as well
1.charge
The police decided to charge① the shop owner with charging② customers too much money; when they arrived, a fierce dog suddenly charged③ at them. The owner—who was busy charging④ his electric bike—hurried to drive it away, and then had to hand over the charge⑤ of the shop to his assistant.
①_________　②__________ 　③__________ ④__________
⑤_______________
vt.指控
vt.收费
vi.猛冲
vt.充电
n.掌管，负责
2.crowd
(1)The crowd① celebrated National Day with a parade.①__________
(2)They struggled to push through the crowd②.②____________
(3)Hundreds of people crowded③ into the nearby church for the wedding.③_______________
(4)On hearing what he said, a lot of confused thoughts crowded④ my brain.④________________
n.民众
n.人群
vi.涌向
vt.涌入(脑海)
3.Here’s the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.
生义：_____________________________
熟义：n.位置；姿势
vt.安置；把……放在适当位置
1.if的省略结构
[教材原句]　So what is the difference between them, if any？如果有的话，那么它们之间的区别是什么呢？
if any(如果有的话)是一个省略句，相当于if there is/are any...，常见的if条件状语从句的省略形式有：
if not如果不是这样的话
if so如果是这样的话
if ever如果曾有的话
if necessary如果有必要的话
if possible如果可能的话
①如果你方便的话，我们上午8点在故宫博物院外面见面。如果可以，请尽快回复我。如果不方便，让我知道你什么时候最合适。
If it is convenient for you, let’s meet at 8：00 a. m. outside the Palace Museum. ___________, reply to me at your earliest convenience. ___________, let me know what time suits you best.
If so
If not
②我们每天练习几个小时，决心完善每一个动作——如果可能的话，我们想在舞蹈比赛中获得一等奖。
We practice for hours every day, determined to perfect every move— ____________________________________________________.
if possible, we want to win first prize in the dance competition
2.with复合结构
[教材原句]　The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
with复合结构在句中作状语和定语，其结构为：
with＋宾语＋to do(表示将来的动作)
with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动或进行)
with＋宾语＋done(表示被动或完成)
with＋宾语＋介词短语/形容词/副词
①With so many tricky problems ___________ (address)，the newly-elected president will have a tough period to go through.
to address
②After what seemed like centuries, I finally saw that he showed up with his forehead __________ (sweat) heavily.
③My father paced back and forth in his study, with his hands ____________ (cross) behind his back.
④(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)这段经历植根于我的脑海中，我逐渐明白每个人都有独特之处。
___________________________________, I came to realize that everyone has his own shining uniqueness.
sweating
crossed
With this experience rooted in my mind
Part 2　基础知识达标
Ⅰ.语境填空
1.My dog suddenly broke away ________ me, charged at the door and began to bark fiercely.
2.We were reminded to take everything _________ (belong) to us before getting off the train.
3.She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if in __________ (defend).
4.Would you please offer me some good advice on how to adapt to the unfamiliar ____________ (surround)
from
belonging
defence
surroundings
5.He was also charged with _____________ (legal) hunting for rare species.
6.The only approach to ____________ (solve) the problem is calling on everyone to take action.
7.When asked whether he wanted a new bike for his birthday, the boy couldn’t hide his __________ (eager).
illegal
solving
eagerness
8.With tears _____________ (well) up in his eyes, Richard conveyed his gratitude in an excited voice.
welling
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.似乎过了很长一段时间，我和父亲发现了一条小溪，它通向森林的出口，使我们有可能回到我们的村庄。
After ______________________________, my father and I found a stream, which led to the way out of the forest, making it possible for us to return to our village.
what seemed to be a long time
2.我明天可能有空。不然的话，那就到周六了。
I might be available tomorrow. _________, then it’ll be Saturday.
If not
3.泪流满面，他激动地回答道：“我成功了。”他的努力终于得到了回报。
_______________________________________________________, he replied in excitement, “I’ve made it.” His efforts finally paid off.
With tears streaming/rolling/falling down his cheeks
Part 3　写作能力培优
培优1　应用文增分练——做客礼仪
根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。
Dear Terry,
How are you doing In your last letter, you mentioned ①______
________________________________ (你渴望了解一些关于……的情况) being a guest to a Chinese friend’s home. Now, I am writing to inform you of some relevant details.
you
were eager to know something about
To begin with, ②______________________________________ (你早到是必要的；it is ＋adj.＋that...) to ensure you can help the family prepare the dinner, which is meaningful and interesting (用not only... but also... 替换黑体部分：③_______________________
________________). Besides, you’d better bring some gifts, such as
it is necessary that you should arrive early
not only meaningful but
also interesting
a book or a Chinese knot. What’s more, when you are enjoying the meal (用省略句式升级黑体部分：④________________________), you need to avoid making noise while chewing food.
when enjoying the meal
Hopefully, ⑤_________________________________________
(这些建议对你会有很大的帮助). I’m confident that you will have a great time (用同位语从句升级黑体部分：⑥________________
____________________________________). I am looking forward to your good news.
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
these suggestions would be of great help to you
I have the
confidence that you will have a great time
教材语料运用　【人与动物】
(2023·浙江1月卷)
我正要离开，这时蜂鸟出现了。她就在那里，拍打着翅膀向我靠近。我不禁发出一声欢呼。“嘿，老伙伴！一切都好吗？”我轻声叫道。然后她落在我捧起的手里，凝视着我的眼睛。我轻轻地抚摸着她的羽毛。过了一会儿，她发出一声尖叫，展开翅膀，飞上了天空。她留给我的记忆将永存于心。
培优2　读后续写提能练
I was just about to leave when the hummingbird appeared. There she was, 1.___________________________________(现在分词短语作伴随状语). 2.______________________________ (无生命名词作主语). “Hey, old girl! How is everything going？” I called softly. Then she landed in my cupped hands and stared into my eyes. I stroked her feathers gently. Moments later, she uttered a squeaking call, 3._________________ and flew into the sky (动作链描写). The memory she left with me will remain forever.
flapping her wings and approaching me
A cry of joy escaped my throat
spread her wings课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·四川雅安二模)Located in Yixian county, Anhui Province, Xidi and Hongcun have long histories of more than 900 years and 80 years respectively. The original residential styles and features of the Ming and Qing dynasties were preserved perfectly here, so Xidi and Hongcun are reputed as “living ancient residential museums”.
Xidi Village, built during the Northern Song Dynasty, is one of the most representative scenic spots of ancient Hui architecture. It was originally a community of the families with the surname Hu, and now has 124 old residential houses and three ancestral temples of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Wooden architectures in Xidi are unique and elegant: Prettified walls prevent rain infiltration; black tiles record the history of the town. The village is surrounded by mountains on all sides, and two streams run through the village. The plane (平面) of the village agrees with the mountain shape and follows the terrain (地形)，presenting a boat-like shape, which caters to the intention of the Hu family to engage in business trips and set sail on long voyages.
Hongcun Village, 15 km from Xidi and built in the Southern Song Dynasty, shares some features with Xidi but stands out for its water system. Ancient villagers were creative, shaping the village like a buffalo and building a bionic-based (仿生的) artificial water system. The water system is designed like a buffalo’s body. Small channels carry water to each household, and then the water flows into a pond for filtering, circles in the village, enters a lake for further filtering, and finally goes into a river. This design precipitates (使沉淀) and filters wastewater, and the purified water can be recycled for irrigation and washing.
During its long-term development, Hongcun has formed its cultural inheritance—a set of water usage and protection rules and customs that are commonly observed by the villagers. This ensures the long-term and stable operation of the wastewater treatment system.
The ancient villages of Xidi and Hongcun remain deeply meaningful to locals who value their cultural roots. Today, the two villages welcome visitors from around the world to admire their beauty. Walking through stone paths beside lotus ponds, people don’t just see UNESCO World Heritage sites—they appreciate the great wonder created by people and nature working together.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了安徽黟县的西递和宏村两个古村落的历史、建筑特色，以及宏村独特的水系设计。
1.What can we learn about Xidi Village from paragraph 2
A.It is famous for wooden temples.
B.It was built like a boat for business trips.
C.It is surrounded by streams and mountains.
D.It was designed based on the natural conditions.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“The plane of the village agrees with the mountain shape and follows the terrain, presenting a boat-like shape(村庄的平面布局与山形一致，顺应地形，呈现船形)”可知，西递村的设计是基于自然条件的。故选D。
2.What does paragraph 3 mainly focus on about the water system
A.Its protection.
B.Its location.
C.Its working principle.
D.Its historical importance.
答案：C
解析：段落大意题。根据文章第三段中“The water system is designed like a buffalo’s body. Small channels carry water to each household, and then the water flows into a pond for filtering, circles in the village, enters a lake for further filtering, and finally... and washing.(该水系统的设计仿若水牛之躯。细小沟渠将水引至每家每户，继而水流入沉淀池进行初次过滤，环绕村落循环后进入湖泊深度净化，最终汇入河流。此设计通过沉淀和过滤处理废水，净化后的水可循环用于灌溉与洗涤)”可知，本段主要描述水系统的工作原理。故选C。
3.What does the underlined word “This” in paragraph 4 refer to
A.The long-term development.
B.Cultural inheritance.
C.Water usage and protection.
D.The villagers’ observation.
答案：B
解析：代词指代题。根据文章第四段“During its long-term development, Hongcun has formed its cultural inheritance—a set of water usage and protection rules and customs that are commonly observed by the villagers. This ensures the long-term and stable operation of the wastewater treatment system. (在长期发展过程中，宏村形成了其文化传承——一套被村民普遍遵守的水资源使用与保护规则及习俗。这确保了污水处理系统的长期稳定运行)”可推知，“This”指代的是上文提到的“cultural inheritance (文化传承)”，即宏村形成的文化传承确保了污水处理系统的长期稳定运行。故选B。
4.What is the writing purpose of the text
A.To describe the beauty of Hui architecture.
B.To explain how people live in harmony with nature.
C.To attract tourists to visit cultural heritage sites.
D.To praise the creativity of people in Xidi and Hongcun.
答案：B
解析：写作意图题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章最后一段中“Today, the two villages welcome visitors from around the world to admire their beauty. Walking through... working together.”可知，本文主要介绍了安徽黟县的西递和宏村两个古村落的历史、建筑特色以及宏村独特的水系设计，它们的设计体现了人与自然和谐相处，由此可推知，文章旨在解释人们如何与自然和谐共处。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·浙江强基联盟2月联考) At 63, Ann Thomas-Carter stepped into Framland care home for the first time and was immediately taken aback.“It wasn’t like a care home at all.It felt like a big 1 ；everyone called the residents ‘family member’，” Ann recalled.
“I’d never done any caring beyond 2 my parents when they had cancer, so I had no idea what to 3 ，” she says.“Still, I thought it couldn’t 4 to try.I showed up on that first day in 2017 to 5 a more experienced volunteer and six hours went by in six minutes.”
Thomas-Carter signed up for a part-time 6 and a steep learning curve in caring for elderly people.“It felt 7 learning about so many new things at my age, including healthcare, and I soon 8 that I enjoyed helping the elderly，” she says.“It’s such a(n) 9 role, because you see people’s faces 10 up when we spend time with them.”
Now 70, Thomas-Carter is an established member of the team and a 11 “Hummingbird”.“We flit (移动) from person to person like the 12 ，” she says.“You have to be very patient with people who have Alzheimer’s disease, as there is a lot of 13 and they can be annoyed, so that’s when we might move on to someone else.”
Thomas-Carter is now one of the older members of the Framland team, but she doesn’t see herself 14 any time soon.“Age is just a 15 and the longer we all live, the more care we’ll need, so I’m very happy to help others while I can.”
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Ann Thomas-Carter在养老院从事护工工作的感人故事。
1.A.school　　　　　　　　　B.agency
C.family D.team
答案：C
解析：根据下文“everyone called the residents ‘family member’”可知，这里像一个大家庭。
2.A.talking to B.seeing off
C.picking on D.looking after
答案：D
解析：根据空前的caring和空后的“my parents when they had cancer”可知，此处指她的父母患了癌症时她照顾(looking after)他们。
3.A.expect B.blame
C.choose D.benefit
答案：A
解析：根据上文可知，她护理经验不多，因此不知道会遇到什么，即不知道要期待(expect)什么。
4.A.help B.understand
C.hurt D.fail
答案：C
解析：it couldn’t hurt to try表示“试试也没什么坏处”。
5.A.instruct B.shadow
C.encourage D.guide
答案：B
解析：根据上文可知，她经验不多，因此是跟着一个有经验的志愿者学习。shadow作动词，表示“跟随……实地学习”。
6.A.business B.game
C.role D.career
答案：C
解析：根据下文“caring for elderly people”可知，她要照顾老人。下文她所说的话“It’s such a(n) 9 role”提到了自己的角色。
7.A.relaxing B.fun
C.stressful D.odd
答案：B
解析：根据下文“I enjoyed helping the elderly”可知，她喜欢帮助老年人，所以觉得学习这些新东西有趣(fun)。
8.A.suspected B.regretted
C.realized D.hoped
答案：C
解析：此处表示她很快意识到(realized)自己喜欢帮助老年人。
9.A.rewarding B.interesting
C.exhausting D.challenging
答案：A
解析：根据“because you see people’s faces 10 up when we spend time with them”可知，她认为这份工作是值得做的(rewarding)。
10.A.swell B.tighten
C.freeze D.light
答案：D
解析：句意：“这是一个非常有意义的角色，因为当我们花时间和他们在一起时，你会看到他们面露喜色。”light up表示“露出喜色”。
11.A.specialist B.trainee
C.beginner D.employee
答案：A
解析：and连接的是Thomas-Carter的两个身份。an established member of the team表明她是团队中的资深成员，由此可以推出，她是专家(specialist)“蜂鸟”。
12.A.worm B.fish
C.bird D.insect
答案：C
解析：Hummingbird属于鸟类，因此她和同事像鸟儿(bird)一样。
13.A.blessing B.repetition
C.time D.satisfaction
答案：B
解析：根据上文“You have to be very patient with people who have Alzheimer’s disease”可知，患有阿尔茨海默病的老人健忘，因此会有不断的重复(repetition)。
14.A.continuing B.accelerating
C.hesitating D.stopping
答案：D
解析：根据上文可知，她的年龄比较大；结合but和下文“the longer we all live, the more care we’ll need, so I’m very happy to help others while I can”可知，她认为自己短期内不会停止(stopping)。
15.A.secret B.problem
C.factor D.number
答案：D
解析：句意：“年龄只是一个数字(number)，我们所有人活得越久，需要的照顾就越多，所以我很乐意在我有能力的时候帮助别人。”
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·四川成都诊断性测试)Taoping Qiang Village is well known as the mysterious “Eastern Castle” because of its typical Qiang-style architecture 1. its complicated road structure.
The Taoping Watchtowers of different heights and shapes stand in the village.The architectural complex is the 2. (combine) of stone towers and houses.They were constructed with earth, stones, hemp and wood, some of 3. were constructed only with earth and wood.The 4. (solid) built towers and houses are still in good condition after many earthquakes.
There are alleyways (小巷) between the walls of the houses in the village.5. some houses built over those alleyways, more alleyways have appeared, 6. (make) the whole alleyway structure more complicated.Walking in the alleyways, people feel 7. (they) transcending(超越) time and space.
It’s amazing that the Taoping Watchtowers 8. (build) without any drawings, measurements and calculations then, yet they are well-structured, solid and unique.The watchtowers are a wonder of the history of world architecture, which attract a number of tourists from home and abroad 9. (admire) them.
Under the earth, there are many water channels covered by earth and stones.There are some 10. (move) stones which have been placed at certain distances to help people to get water easily.The convenient and secret water channels serve as a water-net that reaches every watchtower, providing a large living space for the villagers.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕“桃坪羌寨的建筑”展开，详细阐述了被誉为“神秘的东方古堡”的桃坪羌寨的独特之处。
1.答案：and
解析：考查连词。根据句意可知，“its typical Qiang-style architecture”和“its complicated road structure”是并列关系，共同说明桃坪羌寨被称为“神秘的东方古堡”的原因，所以用并列连词and。
2.答案：combination
解析：考查词性转换。根据空前的定冠词the和空后的介词of可知，此处需填名词，combine的名词形式是combination, the combination of表示“……的结合”，故填combination。
3.答案：which
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是“代词＋of＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是物，因此空处应用关系代词which。
4.答案：solidly
解析：考查词性转换。空处修饰过去分词式的形容词built，需用副词，故填solidly。
5.答案：With
解析：考查介词。此处为“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构，故填With。注意：空处位于句首，单词首字母应大写。句意：一些房屋建在那些小巷上方，又衍生出更多小巷，使整个小巷结构愈发复杂。
6.答案：making
解析：考查非谓语动词。句子的主干是“more alleyways have appeared”，此处应为非谓语动词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，所以用现在分词making。
7.答案：themselves
解析：考查代词。这里表示人们感觉他们自己超越了时空，空处作feel的宾语，且主语和宾语指同一批人，所以用反身代词themselves。
8.答案：were built
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语then可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；主语the Taoping Watchtowers是复数，和build之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填were built。
9.答案：to admire
解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为非谓语，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to admire。
10.答案：movable
解析：考查词性转换。空处修饰名词stones，需用形容词，movable表示“可移动的”，故填movable。UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
主题语境　历史、社会与文化
Part 1　核心考点突破
1.surround vt.包围；围绕→surrounding adj.周围的；附近的→surroundings n.环境
surround... with... 用……包围……
be surrounded by/with... 被……包围
①Surrounding yourself with people who are positive can be very beneficial to your mental health.
②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, surrounded (surround) by blooming flowers.
③如果您能就如何快速适应新环境给我一些有益的建议，我将不胜感激。(求助信)
I would appreciate it if you could offer me some beneficial advice on how to adapt to the new surroundings quickly.
2.charge vt.收费；控告；充电；向……方向冲去；猛冲 n.收费；指控；主管
(1)charge sb. with (doing) sth.＝accuse sb. of (doing) sth. 指控某人犯……罪
charge sb. money for sth. 因某事/某物收某人钱
(2)free of charge＝for free免费
in charge of掌管(表示状态)
take charge of掌管(表示动作)
in the charge of... 被……掌管；由……负责
这个组织将负责组织一个免费医疗营，在那里医生免费提供咨询，团队确保没有人向贫困人群收取基本药品的费用；他们还警告说，他们将以盗窃罪起诉任何窃取捐赠药品的个人。
The organization will take charge of organizing a free medical camp, where doctors offer consultations free of charge/for free and the team makes sure no one charges the poor for basic medicines; they also warn that they will charge any individual who steals donated medicine supplies with theft.
3.announce vt.宣布；通知；声称→announcement n.宣布；通知→announcer n.广播员；解说员
(1)announce sth. to sb.＝announce to sb. sth. 向某人宣布某事
It is announced that... 据宣布……
as is announced... 正如宣布的那样……
(2)make an announcement (to sb.)(向某人)发通知
①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Our teacher announced to us that I won first place in the writing competition. Hearing the announcement (announce), I was too excited to say a word.
②据宣布，我们班在合唱比赛中获得了第一名，我们情不自禁地不停地拍手，激动得热泪盈眶。(情绪描写)
It is announced that our class has won first prize in the chorus competition. We can’t help clapping our hands repeatedly with excited tears in our eyes.
③请注意！我现在有一个重要的通知要宣布。我们学校的英语广播站正在寻找一名能够说流利而地道的英语的播音员。任何感兴趣的人都可以在本周内提出申请。
Attention please！Now I have an important announcement to make. Our school’s English broadcast station is looking for an announcer who is capable of speaking fluent and authentic English. Anyone who is interested can apply this week.
4.amount n.金额；数量 vi.总计，共计；相当于，等于
(1)the amount of... ……的数量
“大量/少量的”表达：
a large/small amount of＋n.[U]＋v.(单数)
large/small amounts of＋n.[U]＋v.(复数)
(2)amount to共计，总计；等于，相当于
①After I determined to participate in the speech competition, large amounts of effort were (be) made to improve my English fluency.
②为了保持健康，有规律的适量锻炼是相当必要的。此外，花在运动上的时间应该根据你的身体状况来调整。(运动与健康)
In order to keep healthy, a proper amount of regular exercise is quite necessary. In addition, the amount of time spent on exercise should be adjusted based on your physical condition.
③我暑假赚的钱总计100美元，这笔钱可以帮助养活我的家人。
The money I earned during the summer holidays amounted to 100 dollars, which could help support my family.
5.approach n.接近；方法；途径 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近
(1)an approach to (doing) sth.(做)某事的方法/途径
at the approach of... 在快到……的时候
(2)with... approaching在……快到的时候
用approach的适当形式填空
With the winter approaching, Leo adopted different approaches to getting close to the squirrel. He tiptoed to the old tree, approached the squirrel and observed it with caution. Sometimes, he would place some food on the ground near the tree. As time went by, the squirrel didn’t escape at the approach of him. Instead, it would sit on the ground as if waiting for him.
6.eager adj.渴望的；热切的→eagerly adv.热心地；急切地→eagerness n.热切；渴望
(1)be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事
be eager for sth. 渴望得到某物
(2)with eagerness＝eagerly热切地；急切地
①(2023·全国乙卷) Learning that the school English newspaper is organizing students to share the new skill they learned during the holiday, I’m eagerly (eager) writing to share a skill that I have taken up.
②孩子的渴望表现得很明显——他渴望打开盒子，渴望得到里面的惊喜，眼睛里闪烁着兴奋的光芒。(情绪描写)
The child’s eagerness showed clearly—he was eager to open the box and eager for the surprise inside, eyes shining with excitement.
7.break away (from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱
break down出故障；失败；垮掉；分解；打破
break in破门而入；打断(谈话等)
break into强行闯入；突然……起来
break out (战争、火山等)爆发；发生(无被动语态)
break up解体；分解；解散；分手；结束；放假
break through冲破，突破；取得突破
①(外研必修二U6)It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down, but much less time for paper.
②(译林选必二U1)A terrible fire broke out on Sunday night, leaving the Henderson Tower seriously damaged.
③At last, those doctors broke through in the fight against heart disease.
④I’m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have broken up.
⑤(人教必修二U4)在20世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国。
In the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK.
8.belong to属于；是……的成员；是……的组成部分→belong vi.应在(某处)；适应，合得来→belonging n.[U]归属；[pl.]动产，财物
(1)a sense of belonging归属感
(2)belong to 没有被动语态和进行时态，作非谓语时要使用doing形式，用法相同的短语还有date back to(追溯到)、consist of(包括)、take place(发生)等。
①When told that the man enthusiastic about charity had decided to donate all his belongings (belong) after his death, all of us in the community showed great respect for him.
②Paper-cutting which will be taught by local craftsmen has a history of over 1，500 years, belonging (belong) to traditional art in China.
③正是因为你的慷慨帮助，我很快就产生了归属感，适应了新的环境。
It was because of your generous assistance that I soon developed a sense of belonging and adapted to the new surroundings.
9.as well as同(一样也)；和；还
(1)as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分，如名词、形容词、动词、介词短语，通常不位于句首。作“也，还”解，连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数与as well as前面的主语保持一致(就远原则)。
(2)用作介词时，as well as相当于besides、in addition to, 意为“除……之外”，后面通常接名词或动名词，尤其是位于句首时。
(3)as well意为“也；又；还”，位于句末。
①The teacher as well as us students has (have) passion for the music festival held annually in our school.
②(2025·全国一卷)在我看来，这个专栏可以鼓励学生之间的互动，加强友谊，也可以激发学生的好奇心和参与度。
From my point of view, this column can encourage interaction between students and strengthen friendships, as well as spark students’ curiosity and engagement.
③听到她的小狗走失的惊人消息时，她泪如泉涌，心也仿佛被撕碎了。(悲伤表达)
When she heard the shocking news that her little puppy was missing, tears welled up in her eyes, and her heart seemed to be torn as well.
1.charge
The police decided to charge① the shop owner with charging② customers too much money; when they arrived, a fierce dog suddenly charged③ at them. The owner—who was busy charging④ his electric bike—hurried to drive it away, and then had to hand over the charge⑤ of the shop to his assistant.
①vt.指控　②vt.收费 　③vi.猛冲　④vt.充电 　⑤n.掌管，负责
2.crowd
(1)The crowd① celebrated National Day with a parade.①n.民众
(2)They struggled to push through the crowd②.②n.人群
(3)Hundreds of people crowded③ into the nearby church for the wedding.③vi.涌向
(4)On hearing what he said, a lot of confused thoughts crowded④ my brain.④vt.涌入(脑海)
3.Here’s the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.
生义：vt.安置；把……放在适当位置
熟义：n.位置；姿势
1.if的省略结构
[教材原句]　So what is the difference between them, if any？如果有的话，那么它们之间的区别是什么呢？
if any(如果有的话)是一个省略句，相当于if there is/are any...，常见的if条件状语从句的省略形式有：
if not如果不是这样的话
if so如果是这样的话
if ever如果曾有的话
if necessary如果有必要的话
if possible如果可能的话
①如果你方便的话，我们上午8点在故宫博物院外面见面。如果可以，请尽快回复我。如果不方便，让我知道你什么时候最合适。
If it is convenient for you, let’s meet at 8：00 a. m. outside the Palace Museum. If so, reply to me at your earliest convenience. If not, let me know what time suits you best.
②我们每天练习几个小时，决心完善每一个动作——如果可能的话，我们想在舞蹈比赛中获得一等奖。
We practice for hours every day, determined to perfect every move— if possible, we want to win first prize in the dance competition.
2.with复合结构
[教材原句]　The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
with复合结构在句中作状语和定语，其结构为：
with＋宾语＋to do(表示将来的动作)
with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动或进行)
with＋宾语＋done(表示被动或完成)
with＋宾语＋介词短语/形容词/副词
①With so many tricky problems to address (address)，the newly-elected president will have a tough period to go through.
②After what seemed like centuries, I finally saw that he showed up with his forehead sweating (sweat) heavily.
③My father paced back and forth in his study, with his hands crossed (cross) behind his back.
④(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)这段经历植根于我的脑海中，我逐渐明白每个人都有独特之处。
With this experience rooted in my mind, I came to realize that everyone has his own shining uniqueness.
Part 2　基础知识达标
Ⅰ.语境填空
1.My dog suddenly broke away from me, charged at the door and began to bark fiercely.
2.We were reminded to take everything belonging (belong) to us before getting off the train.
3.She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if in defence (defend).
4.Would you please offer me some good advice on how to adapt to the unfamiliar surroundings (surround)
5.He was also charged with illegal (legal) hunting for rare species.
6.The only approach to solving (solve) the problem is calling on everyone to take action.
7.When asked whether he wanted a new bike for his birthday, the boy couldn’t hide his eagerness (eager).
8.With tears welling (well) up in his eyes, Richard conveyed his gratitude in an excited voice.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.似乎过了很长一段时间，我和父亲发现了一条小溪，它通向森林的出口，使我们有可能回到我们的村庄。
After what seemed to be a long time, my father and I found a stream, which led to the way out of the forest, making it possible for us to return to our village.
2.我明天可能有空。不然的话，那就到周六了。
I might be available tomorrow. If not, then it’ll be Saturday.
3.泪流满面，他激动地回答道：“我成功了。”他的努力终于得到了回报。
With tears streaming/rolling/falling down his cheeks, he replied in excitement, “I’ve made it.” His efforts finally paid off.
Part 3　写作能力培优
培优1　应用文增分练——做客礼仪
根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。
Dear Terry,
How are you doing In your last letter, you mentioned ①you were eager to know something about (你渴望了解一些关于……的情况) being a guest to a Chinese friend’s home. Now, I am writing to inform you of some relevant details.
To begin with, ②it is necessary that you should arrive early(你早到是必要的；it is ＋adj.＋that...) to ensure you can help the family prepare the dinner, which is meaningful and interesting (用not only... but also... 替换黑体部分：③not only meaningful but also interesting). Besides, you’d better bring some gifts, such as a book or a Chinese knot. What’s more, when you are enjoying the meal (用省略句式升级黑体部分：④when enjoying the meal), you need to avoid making noise while chewing food.
Hopefully, ⑤these suggestions would be of great help to you (这些建议对你会有很大的帮助). I’m confident that you will have a great time (用同位语从句升级黑体部分：⑥I have the confidence that you will have a great time). I am looking forward to your good news.
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
培优2　读后续写提能练
教材语料运用　【人与动物】
(2023·浙江1月卷)
我正要离开，这时蜂鸟出现了。她就在那里，拍打着翅膀向我靠近。我不禁发出一声欢呼。“嘿，老伙伴！一切都好吗？”我轻声叫道。然后她落在我捧起的手里，凝视着我的眼睛。我轻轻地抚摸着她的羽毛。过了一会儿，她发出一声尖叫，展开翅膀，飞上了天空。她留给我的记忆将永存于心。
I was just about to leave when the hummingbird appeared. There she was, 1.flapping her wings and approaching me (现在分词短语作伴随状语). 2.A cry of joy escaped my throat (无生命名词作主语). “Hey, old girl! How is everything going？” I called softly. Then she landed in my cupped hands and stared into my eyes. I stroked her feathers gently. Moments later, she uttered a squeaking call, 3.spread her wings and flew into the sky (动作链描写). The memory she left with me will remain forever.
课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·四川雅安二模)Located in Yixian county, Anhui Province, Xidi and Hongcun have long histories of more than 900 years and 80 years respectively. The original residential styles and features of the Ming and Qing dynasties were preserved perfectly here, so Xidi and Hongcun are reputed as “living ancient residential museums”.
Xidi Village, built during the Northern Song Dynasty, is one of the most representative scenic spots of ancient Hui architecture. It was originally a community of the families with the surname Hu, and now has 124 old residential houses and three ancestral temples of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Wooden architectures in Xidi are unique and elegant: Prettified walls prevent rain infiltration; black tiles record the history of the town. The village is surrounded by mountains on all sides, and two streams run through the village. The plane (平面) of the village agrees with the mountain shape and follows the terrain (地形)，presenting a boat-like shape, which caters to the intention of the Hu family to engage in business trips and set sail on long voyages.
Hongcun Village, 15 km from Xidi and built in the Southern Song Dynasty, shares some features with Xidi but stands out for its water system. Ancient villagers were creative, shaping the village like a buffalo and building a bionic-based (仿生的) artificial water system. The water system is designed like a buffalo’s body. Small channels carry water to each household, and then the water flows into a pond for filtering, circles in the village, enters a lake for further filtering, and finally goes into a river. This design precipitates (使沉淀) and filters wastewater, and the purified water can be recycled for irrigation and washing.
During its long-term development, Hongcun has formed its cultural inheritance—a set of water usage and protection rules and customs that are commonly observed by the villagers. This ensures the long-term and stable operation of the wastewater treatment system.
The ancient villages of Xidi and Hongcun remain deeply meaningful to locals who value their cultural roots. Today, the two villages welcome visitors from around the world to admire their beauty. Walking through stone paths beside lotus ponds, people don’t just see UNESCO World Heritage sites—they appreciate the great wonder created by people and nature working together.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了安徽黟县的西递和宏村两个古村落的历史、建筑特色，以及宏村独特的水系设计。
1.What can we learn about Xidi Village from paragraph 2
A.It is famous for wooden temples.
B.It was built like a boat for business trips.
C.It is surrounded by streams and mountains.
D.It was designed based on the natural conditions.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“The plane of the village agrees with the mountain shape and follows the terrain, presenting a boat-like shape(村庄的平面布局与山形一致，顺应地形，呈现船形)”可知，西递村的设计是基于自然条件的。故选D。
2.What does paragraph 3 mainly focus on about the water system
A.Its protection.
B.Its location.
C.Its working principle.
D.Its historical importance.
答案：C
解析：段落大意题。根据文章第三段中“The water system is designed like a buffalo’s body. Small channels carry water to each household, and then the water flows into a pond for filtering, circles in the village, enters a lake for further filtering, and finally... and washing.(该水系统的设计仿若水牛之躯。细小沟渠将水引至每家每户，继而水流入沉淀池进行初次过滤，环绕村落循环后进入湖泊深度净化，最终汇入河流。此设计通过沉淀和过滤处理废水，净化后的水可循环用于灌溉与洗涤)”可知，本段主要描述水系统的工作原理。故选C。
3.What does the underlined word “This” in paragraph 4 refer to
A.The long-term development.
B.Cultural inheritance.
C.Water usage and protection.
D.The villagers’ observation.
答案：B
解析：代词指代题。根据文章第四段“During its long-term development, Hongcun has formed its cultural inheritance—a set of water usage and protection rules and customs that are commonly observed by the villagers. This ensures the long-term and stable operation of the wastewater treatment system. (在长期发展过程中，宏村形成了其文化传承——一套被村民普遍遵守的水资源使用与保护规则及习俗。这确保了污水处理系统的长期稳定运行)”可推知，“This”指代的是上文提到的“cultural inheritance (文化传承)”，即宏村形成的文化传承确保了污水处理系统的长期稳定运行。故选B。
4.What is the writing purpose of the text
A.To describe the beauty of Hui architecture.
B.To explain how people live in harmony with nature.
C.To attract tourists to visit cultural heritage sites.
D.To praise the creativity of people in Xidi and Hongcun.
答案：B
解析：写作意图题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章最后一段中“Today, the two villages welcome visitors from around the world to admire their beauty. Walking through... working together.”可知，本文主要介绍了安徽黟县的西递和宏村两个古村落的历史、建筑特色以及宏村独特的水系设计，它们的设计体现了人与自然和谐相处，由此可推知，文章旨在解释人们如何与自然和谐共处。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·浙江强基联盟2月联考) At 63, Ann Thomas-Carter stepped into Framland care home for the first time and was immediately taken aback.“It wasn’t like a care home at all.It felt like a big 1 ；everyone called the residents ‘family member’，” Ann recalled.
“I’d never done any caring beyond 2 my parents when they had cancer, so I had no idea what to 3 ，” she says.“Still, I thought it couldn’t 4 to try.I showed up on that first day in 2017 to 5 a more experienced volunteer and six hours went by in six minutes.”
Thomas-Carter signed up for a part-time 6 and a steep learning curve in caring for elderly people.“It felt 7 learning about so many new things at my age, including healthcare, and I soon 8 that I enjoyed helping the elderly，” she says.“It’s such a(n) 9 role, because you see people’s faces 10 up when we spend time with them.”
Now 70, Thomas-Carter is an established member of the team and a 11 “Hummingbird”.“We flit (移动) from person to person like the 12 ，” she says.“You have to be very patient with people who have Alzheimer’s disease, as there is a lot of 13 and they can be annoyed, so that’s when we might move on to someone else.”
Thomas-Carter is now one of the older members of the Framland team, but she doesn’t see herself 14 any time soon.“Age is just a 15 and the longer we all live, the more care we’ll need, so I’m very happy to help others while I can.”
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Ann Thomas-Carter在养老院从事护工工作的感人故事。
1.A.school　　　　　　　　　B.agency
C.family D.team
答案：C
解析：根据下文“everyone called the residents ‘family member’”可知，这里像一个大家庭。
2.A.talking to B.seeing off
C.picking on D.looking after
答案：D
解析：根据空前的caring和空后的“my parents when they had cancer”可知，此处指她的父母患了癌症时她照顾(looking after)他们。
3.A.expect B.blame
C.choose D.benefit
答案：A
解析：根据上文可知，她护理经验不多，因此不知道会遇到什么，即不知道要期待(expect)什么。
4.A.help B.understand
C.hurt D.fail
答案：C
解析：it couldn’t hurt to try表示“试试也没什么坏处”。
5.A.instruct B.shadow
C.encourage D.guide
答案：B
解析：根据上文可知，她经验不多，因此是跟着一个有经验的志愿者学习。shadow作动词，表示“跟随……实地学习”。
6.A.business B.game
C.role D.career
答案：C
解析：根据下文“caring for elderly people”可知，她要照顾老人。下文她所说的话“It’s such a(n) 9 role”提到了自己的角色。
7.A.relaxing B.fun
C.stressful D.odd
答案：B
解析：根据下文“I enjoyed helping the elderly”可知，她喜欢帮助老年人，所以觉得学习这些新东西有趣(fun)。
8.A.suspected B.regretted
C.realized D.hoped
答案：C
解析：此处表示她很快意识到(realized)自己喜欢帮助老年人。
9.A.rewarding B.interesting
C.exhausting D.challenging
答案：A
解析：根据“because you see people’s faces 10 up when we spend time with them”可知，她认为这份工作是值得做的(rewarding)。
10.A.swell B.tighten
C.freeze D.light
答案：D
解析：句意：“这是一个非常有意义的角色，因为当我们花时间和他们在一起时，你会看到他们面露喜色。”light up表示“露出喜色”。
11.A.specialist B.trainee
C.beginner D.employee
答案：A
解析：and连接的是Thomas-Carter的两个身份。an established member of the team表明她是团队中的资深成员，由此可以推出，她是专家(specialist)“蜂鸟”。
12.A.worm B.fish
C.bird D.insect
答案：C
解析：Hummingbird属于鸟类，因此她和同事像鸟儿(bird)一样。
13.A.blessing B.repetition
C.time D.satisfaction
答案：B
解析：根据上文“You have to be very patient with people who have Alzheimer’s disease”可知，患有阿尔茨海默病的老人健忘，因此会有不断的重复(repetition)。
14.A.continuing B.accelerating
C.hesitating D.stopping
答案：D
解析：根据上文可知，她的年龄比较大；结合but和下文“the longer we all live, the more care we’ll need, so I’m very happy to help others while I can”可知，她认为自己短期内不会停止(stopping)。
15.A.secret B.problem
C.factor D.number
答案：D
解析：句意：“年龄只是一个数字(number)，我们所有人活得越久，需要的照顾就越多，所以我很乐意在我有能力的时候帮助别人。”
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·四川成都诊断性测试)Taoping Qiang Village is well known as the mysterious “Eastern Castle” because of its typical Qiang-style architecture 1. its complicated road structure.
The Taoping Watchtowers of different heights and shapes stand in the village.The architectural complex is the 2. (combine) of stone towers and houses.They were constructed with earth, stones, hemp and wood, some of 3. were constructed only with earth and wood.The 4. (solid) built towers and houses are still in good condition after many earthquakes.
There are alleyways (小巷) between the walls of the houses in the village.5. some houses built over those alleyways, more alleyways have appeared, 6. (make) the whole alleyway structure more complicated.Walking in the alleyways, people feel 7. (they) transcending(超越) time and space.
It’s amazing that the Taoping Watchtowers 8. (build) without any drawings, measurements and calculations then, yet they are well-structured, solid and unique.The watchtowers are a wonder of the history of world architecture, which attract a number of tourists from home and abroad 9. (admire) them.
Under the earth, there are many water channels covered by earth and stones.There are some 10. (move) stones which have been placed at certain distances to help people to get water easily.The convenient and secret water channels serve as a water-net that reaches every watchtower, providing a large living space for the villagers.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕“桃坪羌寨的建筑”展开，详细阐述了被誉为“神秘的东方古堡”的桃坪羌寨的独特之处。
1.答案：and
解析：考查连词。根据句意可知，“its typical Qiang-style architecture”和“its complicated road structure”是并列关系，共同说明桃坪羌寨被称为“神秘的东方古堡”的原因，所以用并列连词and。
2.答案：combination
解析：考查词性转换。根据空前的定冠词the和空后的介词of可知，此处需填名词，combine的名词形式是combination, the combination of表示“……的结合”，故填combination。
3.答案：which
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是“代词＋of＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是物，因此空处应用关系代词which。
4.答案：solidly
解析：考查词性转换。空处修饰过去分词式的形容词built，需用副词，故填solidly。
5.答案：With
解析：考查介词。此处为“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构，故填With。注意：空处位于句首，单词首字母应大写。句意：一些房屋建在那些小巷上方，又衍生出更多小巷，使整个小巷结构愈发复杂。
6.答案：making
解析：考查非谓语动词。句子的主干是“more alleyways have appeared”，此处应为非谓语动词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，所以用现在分词making。
7.答案：themselves
解析：考查代词。这里表示人们感觉他们自己超越了时空，空处作feel的宾语，且主语和宾语指同一批人，所以用反身代词themselves。
8.答案：were built
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语then可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；主语the Taoping Watchtowers是复数，和build之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填were built。
9.答案：to admire
解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为非谓语，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to admire。
10.答案：movable
解析：考查词性转换。空处修饰名词stones，需用形容词，movable表示“可移动的”，故填movable。(共49张PPT)
课时作业10 UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·四川雅安二模)Located in Yixian county, Anhui Province, Xidi and Hongcun have long histories of more than 900 years and 80 years respectively. The original residential styles and features of the Ming and Qing dynasties were preserved perfectly here, so Xidi and Hongcun are reputed as “living ancient residential museums”.
Xidi Village, built during the Northern Song Dynasty, is one of the most representative scenic spots of ancient Hui architecture. It was originally a community of the families with the surname Hu, and now has 124 old residential houses and three ancestral temples of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Wooden architectures in Xidi are unique and elegant: Prettified walls prevent rain infiltration; black tiles record the history of the town. The village is surrounded by mountains on all sides, and two streams run through the village. The plane (平面) of the village agrees with the mountain shape and follows the terrain (地形)，presenting a boat-like shape, which caters to the intention of the Hu family to engage in business trips and set sail on long voyages.
Hongcun Village, 15 km from Xidi and built in the Southern Song Dynasty, shares some features with Xidi but stands out for its water system. Ancient villagers were creative, shaping the village like a buffalo and building a bionic-based (仿生的) artificial water system. The water system is designed like a buffalo’s body. Small channels carry water to each household, and then the water flows into a pond for filtering, circles in the village, enters a lake for further filtering, and finally goes into a river. This design precipitates (使沉淀) and filters wastewater, and the purified water can be recycled for irrigation and washing.
During its long-term development, Hongcun has formed its cultural inheritance—a set of water usage and protection rules and customs that are commonly observed by the villagers. This ensures the long-term and stable operation of the wastewater treatment system.
The ancient villages of Xidi and Hongcun remain deeply meaningful to locals who value their cultural roots. Today, the two villages welcome visitors from around the world to admire their beauty. Walking through stone paths beside lotus ponds, people don’t just see UNESCO World Heritage sites—they appreciate the great wonder created by people and nature working together.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了安徽黟县的西递和宏村两个古村落的历史、建筑特色，以及宏村独特的水系设计。
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1.What can we learn about Xidi Village from paragraph 2
A.It is famous for wooden temples.
B.It was built like a boat for business trips.
C.It is surrounded by streams and mountains.
D.It was designed based on the natural conditions.
答案：D
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解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“The plane of the village agrees with the mountain shape and follows the terrain, presenting a boat-like shape(村庄的平面布局与山形一致，顺应地形，呈现船形)”可知，西递村的设计是基于自然条件的。故选D。
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2.What does paragraph 3 mainly focus on about the water system
A.Its protection.
B.Its location.
C.Its working principle.
D.Its historical importance.
答案：C
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解析：段落大意题。根据文章第三段中“The water system is designed like a buffalo’s body. Small channels carry water to each household, and then the water flows into a pond for filtering, circles in the village, enters a lake for further filtering, and finally... and washing.(该水系统的设计仿若水牛之躯。细小沟渠将水引至每家每户，继而水流入沉淀池进行初次过滤，环绕村落循环后进入湖泊深度净化，最终汇入河流。此设计通过沉淀和过滤处理废水，净化后的水可循环用于灌溉与洗涤)”可知，本段主要描述水系统的工作原理。故选C。
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3.What does the underlined word “This” in paragraph 4 refer to
A.The long-term development.
B.Cultural inheritance.
C.Water usage and protection.
D.The villagers’ observation.
答案：B
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解析：代词指代题。根据文章第四段“During its long-term development, Hongcun has formed its cultural inheritance—a set of water usage and protection rules and customs that are commonly observed by the villagers. This ensures the long-term and stable operation of the wastewater treatment system. (在长期发展过程中，宏村形成了其文化传承——一套被村民普遍遵守的水资源使用与保护规则及习俗。这确保了污水处理系统的长期稳定运行)”可推知，“This”指代的是上文提到的“cultural inheritance (文化传承)”，即宏村形成的文化传承确保了污水处理系统的长期稳定运行。故选B。
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4.What is the writing purpose of the text
A.To describe the beauty of Hui architecture.
B.To explain how people live in harmony with nature.
C.To attract tourists to visit cultural heritage sites.
D.To praise the creativity of people in Xidi and Hongcun.
答案：B
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解析：写作意图题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章最后一段中“Today, the two villages welcome visitors from around the world to admire their beauty. Walking through... working together.”可知，本文主要介绍了安徽黟县的西递和宏村两个古村落的历史、建筑特色以及宏村独特的水系设计，它们的设计体现了人与自然和谐相处，由此可推知，文章旨在解释人们如何与自然和谐共处。故选B。
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Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·浙江强基联盟2月联考) At 63, Ann Thomas-Carter stepped into Framland care home for the first time and was immediately taken aback.“It wasn’t like a care home at all.It felt like a big 1 ；everyone called the residents ‘family member’，” Ann recalled.
“I’d never done any caring beyond 2 my parents when they had cancer, so I had no idea what to 3 ，” she says.“Still, I thought it couldn’t 4 to try.I showed up on that first day in 2017 to 5 a more experienced volunteer and six hours went by in six minutes.”
Thomas-Carter signed up for a part-time 6 and a steep learning curve in caring for elderly people.“It felt 7 learning about so many new things at my age, including healthcare, and I soon 8 that I enjoyed helping the elderly，” she says.“It’s such a(n) 9 role, because you see people’s faces 10 up when we spend time with them.”
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Now 70, Thomas-Carter is an established member of the team and a 11 “Hummingbird”.“We flit (移动) from person to person like the 12 ，” she says.“You have to be very patient with people who have Alzheimer’s disease, as there is a lot of 13 and they can be annoyed, so that’s when we might move on to someone else.”
Thomas-Carter is now one of the older members of the Framland team, but she doesn’t see herself 14 any time soon.“Age is just a 15 and the longer we all live, the more care we’ll need, so I’m very happy to help others while I can.”
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[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Ann Thomas-Carter在养老院从事护工工作的感人故事。
显示原文
1.A.school　　　　　　　 B.agency
C.family D.team
答案：C
解析：根据下文“everyone called the residents ‘family member’”可知，这里像一个大家庭。
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2.A.talking to B.seeing off
C.picking on D.looking after
答案：D
解析：根据空前的caring和空后的“my parents when they had cancer”可知，此处指她的父母患了癌症时她照顾(looking after)他们。
显示原文
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3.A.expect B.blame
C.choose D.benefit
答案：A
解析：根据上文可知，她护理经验不多，因此不知道会遇到什么，即不知道要期待(expect)什么。
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4.A.help B.understand
C.hurt D.fail
答案：C
解析：it couldn’t hurt to try表示“试试也没什么坏处”。
显示原文
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5.A.instruct B.shadow
C.encourage D.guide
答案：B
解析：根据上文可知，她经验不多，因此是跟着一个有经验的志愿者学习。shadow作动词，表示“跟随……实地学习”。
显示原文
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6.A.business B.game
C.role D.career
答案：C
解析：根据下文“caring for elderly people”可知，她要照顾老人。下文她所说的话“It’s such a(n) 9 role”提到了自己的角色。
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7.A.relaxing B.fun
C.stressful D.odd
答案：B
解析：根据下文“I enjoyed helping the elderly”可知，她喜欢帮助老年人，所以觉得学习这些新东西有趣(fun)。
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8.A.suspected B.regretted
C.realized D.hoped
答案：C
解析：此处表示她很快意识到(realized)自己喜欢帮助老年人。
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9.A.rewarding B.interesting
C.exhausting D.challenging
答案：A
解析：根据“because you see people’s faces 10 up when we spend time with them”可知，她认为这份工作是值得做的(rewarding)。
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10.A.swell B.tighten
C.freeze D.light
答案：D
解析：句意：“这是一个非常有意义的角色，因为当我们花时间和他们在一起时，你会看到他们面露喜色。”light up表示“露出喜色”。
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11.A.specialist B.trainee
C.beginner D.employee
答案：A
解析：and连接的是Thomas-Carter的两个身份。an established member of the team表明她是团队中的资深成员，由此可以推出，她是专家(specialist)“蜂鸟”。
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12.A.worm B.fish
C.bird D.insect
答案：C
解析：Hummingbird属于鸟类，因此她和同事像鸟儿(bird)一样。
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13.A.blessing B.repetition
C.time D.satisfaction
答案：B
解析：根据上文“You have to be very patient with people who have Alzheimer’s disease”可知，患有阿尔茨海默病的老人健忘，因此会有不断的重复(repetition)。
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14.A.continuing B.accelerating
C.hesitating D.stopping
答案：D
解析：根据上文可知，她的年龄比较大；结合but和下文“the longer we all live, the more care we’ll need, so I’m very happy to help others while I can”可知，她认为自己短期内不会停止(stopping)。
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15.A.secret B.problem
C.factor D.number
答案：D
解析：句意：“年龄只是一个数字(number)，我们所有人活得越久，需要的照顾就越多，所以我很乐意在我有能力的时候帮助别人。”
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Ⅲ.语法填空
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕“桃坪羌寨的建筑”展开，详细阐述了被誉为“神秘的东方古堡”的桃坪羌寨的独特之处。
(2025·四川成都诊断性测试)Taoping Qiang Village is well known as the mysterious “Eastern Castle” because of its typical Qiang-style architecture 1. its complicated road structure.
1.答案：and
解析：考查连词。根据句意可知，“its typical Qiang-style architecture”和“its complicated road structure”是并列关系，共同说明桃坪羌寨被称为“神秘的东方古堡”的原因，所以用并列连词and。
The Taoping Watchtowers of different heights and shapes stand in the village.The architectural complex is the 2. (combine) of stone towers and houses.They were constructed with earth, stones, hemp and wood, some of 3. were constructed only with earth and wood.The 4. (solid) built towers and houses are still in good condition after many earthquakes.
2.答案：combination
解析：考查词性转换。根据空前的定冠词the和空后的介词of可知，此处需填名词，combine的名词形式是combination, the combination of表示“……的结合”，故填combination。
3.答案：which
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是“代词＋of＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是物，因此空处应用关系代词which。
4.答案：solidly
解析：考查词性转换。空处修饰过去分词式的形容词built，需用副词，故填solidly。
There are alleyways (小巷) between the walls of the houses in the village.5. some houses built over those alleyways, more alleyways have appeared, 6. (make) the whole alleyway structure more complicated.Walking in the alleyways, people feel 7. (they) transcending(超越) time and space.
5.答案：With
解析：考查介词。此处为“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构，故填With。注意：空处位于句首，单词首字母应大写。句意：一些房屋建在那些小巷上方，又衍生出更多小巷，使整个小巷结构愈发复杂。
6.答案：making
解析：考查非谓语动词。句子的主干是“more alleyways have appeared”，此处应为非谓语动词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，所以用现在分词making。
7.答案：themselves
解析：考查代词。这里表示人们感觉他们自己超越了时空，空处作feel的宾语，且主语和宾语指同一批人，所以用反身代词themselves。
It’s amazing that the Taoping Watchtowers 8. (build) without any drawings, measurements and calculations then, yet they are well-structured, solid and unique.The watchtowers are a wonder of the history of world architecture, which attract a number of tourists from home and abroad 9. (admire) them.
8.答案：were built
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语then可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；主语the Taoping Watchtowers是复数，和build之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填were built。
9.答案：to admire
解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为非谓语，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to admire。
Under the earth, there are many water channels covered by earth and stones.There are some 10. (move) stones which have been placed at certain distances to help people to get water easily.The convenient and secret water channels serve as a water-net that reaches every watchtower, providing a large living space for the villagers.
10.答案：movable
解析：考查词性转换。空处修饰名词stones，需用形容词，movable表示“可移动的”，故填movable。

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