资源简介

UNIT 3 FOOD AND CULTURE
主题语境　饮食文化
Part 1　核心考点突破
1．association n．协会；社团；关联；联想；交往→associate vt.联想；联系；表明支持 vi.交往 adj.副的；联合的 n．同事，伙伴→associated adj.相关的；有关联的
(1)in association with... 与……合作；与……有关联
(2)associate... with... 把……和……联系在一起
associate with与……交往
(3)be associated with与……有关
①(2023·浙江1月卷)Thanks to Beijing’s long history as the capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic events.
②The strong association (associate) between regular exercise and improved mental health has been widely documented in scientific studies.
③人们常把成功与努力工作联系在一起，但不可否认的是，运气和机会与成功也紧密相关。(主旨升华)
People often associate success with hard work, but there is no denying that luck and opportunities are in close association with success.
2．quantity n．数量；数额
a large/small quantity of 大/少量的
(large) quantities of 大量的
in quantity＝in large amounts/quantities 大量地
①Quantities of fresh vegetables and fruits were (be) delivered to earthquake-stricken areas, ensuring enough supply for refugees. 地震灾区
②The store offers discounts when products are purchased in quantity, encuraging bulk buying among customers.
③大量志愿者聚集在社区中心，准备参与环保清理活动。(志愿活动)
A large quantity of/Quantities of volunteers gathered at the community center, ready to participate in the environmental cleanup campaign.
3．trick n．诀窍；计谋；诡计，把戏 vt.欺骗；欺诈→tricky adj.棘手的，难对付的
(1)play a trick/tricks on sb. 捉弄某人
(2)trick sb. into (doing) sth. 欺骗某人(做)某事
①Don’t take it seriously；she just wants to play tricks on you.
②Tricked (trick) into buying the fake, he got so desperate that he drowned his sadness in wine. 借酒消愁
③没有人喜欢和他交朋友，因为他总是捉弄他人。(人际关系)
No one likes to make friends with him, because he always plays a trick/tricks on others.
4．consist of由……组成(或构成)→consistent adj.一致的；连续的
(1)consist in在于；存在于
consist of＝be made up of由……组成
(2)be consistent with与……一致
①With consistent (consist) efforts and determination, even the most challenging goals can be achieved, turning dreams into reality.
②The research team, consisting (consist) of experts from various fields, successfully completed the complex project ahead of schedule.
③我建议您去泰山旅游，它的魅力在于其迷人的风景和丰富的文化。(旅游推荐)
I recommend you to travel to Mount Tai whose charm consists in its charming scenery and rich culture.
1．trick
Here are some tricks① of getting along well with others. First and foremost, you should never play tricks② on those around you. Meanwhile, never trick③ others by telling lies.
①n.诀窍，技巧　②n.诡计，把戏　③vt.欺骗
2．modest
As a famous scientist, she is modest① about her achievements. She is satisfied to earn a modest② salary as a teacher in a university. Though living in a modest③ apartment, she could have lived a richer and more leisurely life.
①adj.谦虚的 　②adj.些许的　③adj.朴素的
3．stuff
I cleared up all the stuff① on the desk and stuffed② them into my backpack in a hurry to catch the morning bus.
①n.东西；物品 　②vt.把……塞进
1．形容词(短语)作状语
[教材原句]　Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten. 又累又饿，一个汉字也不认识，我们压根儿不知道如何点餐，于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
本句中形容词tired、 hungry和现在分词短语not knowing a word of Chinese作状语。
形容词(短语)作状语：
(1)说明谓语动词表示的动作发生时主语所处的状态。
(2)表示行为方式、伴随状况、原因、时间或条件等。
①无法控制自己的愤怒，他的父亲气得冲出房间，狠狠地摔上门。(愤怒表达)
Unable to contain his anger, his father stormed out of the room and slammed the door.
②他极其谨慎地靠近悬崖边，一小步一小步地走着。
Extremely cautious, he approached the edge of the cliff, taking small steps.
③(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)我走上舞台去领取获奖证书，极度紧张和兴奋。
I stepped onto the stage to receive the award certificate, extremely nervous and excited.
2．倍数表达法
[教材原句]　And in America, people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day. 在美国，每天从糖分中摄取25%或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10%的人的两倍。
倍数的表达方式：
(1)A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as＋B
(2)A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than＋B
(3)A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length/...)＋of＋B
(4)A＋be＋倍数＋what＋从句
①The width of the road is twice what it was three years ago.
②现在，我们新学校的面积是10年前的三倍大。
Now our new school is three times as large as/three times larger than/three times the size of what it was ten years ago.
Part 2　基础知识达标
Ⅰ.语境填空
1．Prior to starting (start) the new job, she spent a week attending training sessions to familiarize herself with the company’s procedures.
2．Some of the injuries associated (associate) with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers.
3．Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum (minimize) delay.
4．What is well-known is that sound can travel about four times as fast through water as through air.
5．Regardless of the heavy rain, the athletes continued with their outdoor training, showing great perseverance.
6．The true essence of happiness does not consist in material wealth, but in the simple joys of life and meaningful relationships.
7．No one can deny the fact that fresh air is fundamental to good health, so we must go outdoors regularly.
8．Her exceptional (exception) performance in the exam not only impressed the teachers but also earned her a full scholarship.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．这次展览是由我们学校联合一些著名艺术家共同组织的。
This exhibition is organized by our school in association with several famous artists．
2．在展览上你将会欣赏到大量令人惊叹的绘画，从敦煌壁画到张大千的绘画。
You will appreciate a large quantity of/large quantities of amazing paintings at the exhibition, ranging from Dunhuang frescoes to Zhang Daqian’s paintings.
3．这次展览上展出的画作数量是上次的两倍。(倍数表达；as... as)
The number of paintings on display at this exhibition is twice as large as that of the previous one．
Part 3　写作能力培优
培优1　应用文增分练——中国传统食物饺子
根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。
I feel honored to have the opportunity to talk about traditional Chinese food—dumplings. Dumplings are a kind of popular food in North China, which ①are associated with many significant occasions (与许多重要的场合有关). For example, during the Spring Festival, the whole family gather together to make dumplings, ②happy and delighted (幸福且快乐；形容词短语作状语). ③Many tricks are needed (需要很多技巧) to make tasty and good dumplings. Making dumplings ④mainly consists of three procedures (主要包括三个步骤)—preparing the dough and making it into slices, wrapping various stuffing with the slices and boiling them in boiling water.
Dumplings are really a delicious food and ⑤do taste them in person (一定要亲自品尝) when you come to China.
Thank you!
培优2　读后续写提能练
教材语料运用　【人物情感描写】
一个大胆的男孩满脑子都是各种各样的鬼把戏。他经常骗他的同学做各种各样的事情。另外，他脾气暴躁。他几乎惹恼了他所有的同学。后来，当这个男孩被班主任严厉批评的时候，他咬着嘴唇，低下头，流下了羞愧的泪水。从那时起，男孩变得谦虚了。
A bold boy was stuffed with various tricks in his mind. He often 1.tricked his classmates into doing various things. Besides, he had a hot temper. He almost annoyed all of his classmates. Later, 2.when criticized (状语从句的省略) by his head teacher severely, the boy chewed his lip, 3.lowered his head and shed tears of shame (动作链). From then on, the boy 4.became modest．
课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·浙江义乌三模)Italian cuisine may be one of the most recognized and loved in the world—often imagined as a collection of ancient recipes and local traditions preserved by skillful grandmothers over centuries. But now, a food historian is exposing common myths and false stories, arguing that the Italian cuisine as we know it is barely a few decades old.
Grandi claims in his latest book，Italian Cuisine Doesn’t Exist, the idea that many beloved recipes and products such as cheeses or cured meats have hundreds of years of history is pure fantasy. Most dishes have a shorter history than most people imagine.
Migration is what made Italian cuisine what it is today. In the 19th and 20th centuries, millions of people left Italy, a poverty-stricken country with limited dietary options, emigrating to South America, North America and European countries. The Italians who landed on New York’s Ellis Island left hunger and misery behind. And it was in the “new world”， Grandi argues, that Italian immigrants found the wealth and ingredients to create the recipes that eventually popularized Italian food worldwide.
However, many Italians are not familiar with this history. They might imagine that their beloved recipes were born in Italy, passed down, unchanged, from generation to generation and eventually exported abroad by Italian migrants.
Pizza is the most famous example of this. Born as a cheap street food in Naples in the 19th century, it was synonymous with poverty and dirt. It was in America, says Grandi, that pizza became “red”. While fresh tomatoes were among the original toppings, Italian immigrants to the U.S. popularized pizza prepared with tomato sauce, a product that industrialization made easy to access and store. And it was in the U. S. that pizzerias really started to take off. Scholars call this process “the pizza effect”： when a product leaves its place of origin, gets profoundly transformed and then returns to its place of origin to be fully embraced in a completely different form.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一位食品历史学家揭露了关于意大利美食的常见神话和虚假故事，指出我们所知道的意大利美食只有几十年的历史，并解释了意大利美食的发展历程以及比萨这一经典食物的起源和演变。
1．What does Grandi challenge in his book
A．The role of Italian chefs.
B．The history of Italian cuisine.
C．The recipe for cured meats.
D．The process of cheese production.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Grandi claims in his latest book, Italian Cuisine Doesn’t Exist, the idea that many beloved recipes and products such as cheeses or cured meats have hundreds of years of history is pure fantasy. Most dishes have a shorter history than most people imagine. (Grandi在他的新书《意大利美食并不存在》中声称，许多深受人们喜爱的食谱以及像奶酪或腌肉这类产品拥有数百年历史的这一观点纯属幻想。大多数菜肴的历史比大多数人想象的要短)”可知，Grandi在他的书中对意大利美食的历史提出了质疑。故选B。
2．How did Italian immigrants contribute to the spread of Italian cuisine
A．By running Italian restaurants worldwide.
B．By promoting food industrialization in Italy.
C．By creating new recipes with local ingredients.
D．By preserving ancient recipes through generations.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“And it was in the ‘new world’， Grandi argues, that Italian immigrants found the wealth and ingredients to create the recipes that eventually popularized Italian food worldwide. (Grandi认为，正是在’新大陆’，意大利移民获得了财富和食材，从而创造出了那些最终让意大利美食在全世界得以推广的食谱)”可知，意大利移民通过使用当地食材创造新食谱来促进意大利美食的传播。故选C。
3．What does the underlined phrase “was synonymous with” in the last paragraph mean
A．Equaled.　　　　　　　 B．Removed.
C．Caused. D．Exposed.
答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“Pizza is the most famous example of this. Born as a cheap street food in Naples in the 19th century, it was synonymous with poverty and dirt. (比萨就是这方面最著名的例子。19 世纪时，比萨诞生于那不勒斯，是一种廉价的街头食品，那时它was synonymous with贫穷与脏乱)”可知，比萨在19世纪诞生于那不勒斯，是一种廉价的街头食品，结合常识，廉价的街头食品与贫困和肮脏是等同的概念。由此可知，was synonymous with意思是“等同于”，与A选项“Equaled(等同于)”意思一致。故选A。
4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A．The Migration of Italian Cuisine
B．The Origin of the Pizza Effect
C．The Secret of Traditional Recipes
D．The Truth Behind Italian Cuisine
答案：D
解析：标题归纳题。文章第一段提到“a food historian is exposing common myths and false stories, arguing that the Italian cuisine as we know it is barely a few decades old (一位食品历史学家正在揭露常见的神话和虚假故事，他认为我们所知道的意大利美食只有几十年的历史)”，接着下文详细介绍了意大利美食的历史以及比萨这一经典食物的起源和演变。由此可知，本文主要是讲述意大利美食背后的真相，所以选项D“The Truth Behind Italian Cuisine”适合作为本文的标题。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·广东二调)You can imagine how novel we found it when my school began offering cooking as part of the curriculum (课程).As a growing boy，I seemed to be 1 all day long.And the good news was that we could 2 what we cooked.I immediately signed up.
At the beginning of the first class, I 3 slowly with a classic, boiled egg alone.To a teenage boy, the boiled egg might seem like a no-brainer.I was feeling 4 and excited.
Then the class was divided into teams to 5 the complex and challenging dish—Rodeo Stuffed Hot Dogs.The 6 proceeded satisfactorily.Even the baking seemed to progress as 7 ．But my team ran into 8 when we turned on the broiler (烤箱) to brown our hot dogs.It really wasn’t our 9 ．The members of another group were busy 10 their hot dogs out from the oven and placing them on the table to cool.They 11 good, making our mouths water.We gathered closely together around those tasty hot dogs, and we were all 12 ．..until a cloud of black smoke rising from our oven suddenly 13 our masterpieces.
All our previous efforts were wasted. 14 ，we were regarded as that day’s heroes.The sense of 15 that came from creating a dish promoted a positive relationship with food and willingness to try new things.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在参加学校烹饪课的过程中发生的趣事及由此引发的思考。
1．A.ignorant B．sleepy
C．hungry D．greedy
答案：C
解析：根据上文的“my school began offering cooking as part of the curriculum”“a growing boy”和下文的“I immediately signed up.”再结合常识可推知，学校开设了烹饪课，作者立即报名了，因为作为正在长身体的男孩，作者似乎整天都很饿(hungry)。
2．A.display B．exchange
C．market D．have
答案：D
解析：根据上文的“As a growing boy, I seemed to be 1 all day long.”“the good news”和下文的“I immediately signed up.”可知，好消息是作者他们可以吃(have)自己做的东西。
3．A.took off B．started off
C．called off D．put off
答案：B
解析：根据上文的“At the beginning of the first class”可知，第一节课开始时，作者慢慢地从一个经典的煮鸡蛋开始(started off)。take off“突然开始成功”；call off“取消，停止进行”；put off“推迟，延迟”。
4．A.nervous B．confident
C．bored D．relaxed
答案：B
解析：根据上文的“To a teenage boy, the boiled egg might seem like a no-brainer.”可知，在一个十几岁的男孩看来，煮鸡蛋似乎是一件简单的事，所以作者感到自信(confident)。
5．A.recommend B．appreciate
C．evaluate D．make
答案：D
解析：第一段讲学校开设了烹饪课，故此处表示在烹饪课上，全班被分成小组，制作(make)复杂且富有挑战性的菜肴。
6．A.preparation B．cooking
C．competition D．course
答案：A
解析：空前讲全班被分成小组制作菜肴，空后讲的是烘焙的进展。结合常识可知，此处表示准备工作(preparation)进行得令人满意。
7．A.involved B．intended
C．imitated D．pictured
答案：B
解析：根据上文的“The 6 proceeded satisfactorily.”和even可知，烘焙进展也很顺利，似乎也在按计划进行，故选B项。
8．A.trouble B．pressure
C．prejudice D．resistance
答案：A
解析：空前的but表示转折，表明此处描述的事情进行得不顺利。再根据下文的“a cloud of black smoke rising from our oven”可知，作者的团队遇到了麻烦(trouble)。
9．A.dish B．task
C．fault D．cooker
答案：C
解析：根据下文的描述可知，作者的团队将热狗放入烤箱后，他们被另一组已经烘烤完成的热狗的香气吸引，他们紧紧地围在那些美味的热狗周围，后来一团黑烟从作者他们的烤箱里冒了出来。由此可推知，这并不是作者团队的错(fault)。
10．A.pulling B．giving
C．putting D．working
答案：A
解析：此处表示另一组的成员正忙着把他们的热狗从烤箱里拿(pulling)出来放在桌子上冷却。
11．A.tasted B．felt
C．sounded D．smelled
答案：D
解析：根据下文的“making our mouths water”并结合常识可知，热狗闻起来(smelled)很香，让作者他们直流口水。
12．A.taken B．cheated
C．beaten D．refused
答案：A
解析：根据上文的“They 11 good...gathered closely together around those tasty hot dogs”可知，作者他们被热狗的香气吸引了。be taken (with...)“被(……)吸引”，故选A。
13．A.comprised B．ended
C．perfected D．saved
答案：B
解析：根据空前的“a cloud of black smoke rising from our oven”可知，烤箱中冒出来的黑烟突然结束了(ended)作者他们的杰作。
14．A.Moreover B．Therefore
C．Otherwise D．Still
答案：D
解析：前一句讲作者他们之前的一切努力都白费了，空后讲作者他们被视为那天的英雄，前后之间是转折关系，故选D项。still“虽然如此，尽管那样”。
15．A.achievement B．security
C．excitement D．responsibility
答案：C
解析：根据空后的“that came from creating a dish”并结合上文描述的作者他们制作菜肴的过程可推知，制作一道菜带来的兴奋感(excitement)促进了作者与食物的积极关系，激发了作者尝试新事物的意愿。
Ⅲ.语法填空
I, as a food writer, traveled to China last year.Then I fell in love with the hairy crab (螃蟹), which is one of 1. most prized Chinese dishes.Hairy crabs are only available in the fall, starting 2. late September to early October, and 3. (end) around November.Supplies are limited and Chinese consumers spend a lot on good-quality crabs obtained from particular rivers.
Hairy crabs’ flesh is well-known for its 4. (sweet).Also of value is the crabs’ golden roe, which is creamy and delicious.Female crabs are more prized 5. male ones because they contain much more roe and are believed 6. (taste) sweeter.
Traditionally, the recipe for hairy crabs 7. (be) simple—the crabs are steamed and then eaten with a sauce (调味汁).They are paired 8. (excellent) with huangjiu, a kind of Chinese liquor (烈性酒) made from fermented (发酵的) grains.There are eight different tools used to process the hairy crabs, each 9. (design) for specific parts.It is a mark of art, and in fact a show of skill to be able to eat crabs without cracking the bones.
Many restaurants are now offering to do the work for you, and will bring you the ready-processed ones.It’s surprising 10. great hairy crabs are after you’ve removed the obstacle (障碍物) when eating them.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。 文章从中国大闸蟹的上市时间、肉质特点以及烹饪技巧等方面做了介绍。
1．答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意：然后我爱上了大闸蟹，这是最珍贵的中国菜之一。根据句意并结合空前的one of和空后的most prized可知，此处使用了形容词的最高级形式，故填the。
2．答案：from
解析：考查介词。 句意：大闸蟹只在秋季供应，从9月底到10月初开始，到11月左右结束。短语from...to...意为“从……到……”，故填from。
3．答案：ending
解析：考查非谓语动词。句中and连接两个非谓语动词在句中作状语；结合句子主语与end在逻辑上的主谓关系和空前的starting可知，应填ending。
4．答案：sweetness
解析：考查词性转换。句意：大闸蟹的肉以其甜味而闻名。空前的its为形容词性物主代词，此处应用名词形式，故填sweetness。
5．答案：than
解析：考查介词。根据空前的female crabs和空后的male ones并结合more prized可知，此处为比较级句型，故填than。
6．答案：to taste
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为believe sb./sth.to do sth.“相信某人/某物……”的被动形式，故填to taste。
7．答案：is
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：传统上，大闸蟹的做法简单——把螃蟹蒸熟，然后蘸着调味汁吃。该句话陈述的是客观事实，此处应用一般现在时；句子的主语为the recipe，谓语动词应用单数形式，故填is。
8．答案：excellently
解析：考查词性转换。句意：它们与黄酒非常搭配，黄酒是一种由发酵的谷物制成的中国烈性酒。应用副词修饰谓语动词，故填excellently。
9．答案：designed
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：加工大闸蟹有八种不同的工具，每种工具都是为特定的部位设计的。分析句子结构可知，“each 9. (design) for specific parts”为独立主格结构；each与design之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填designed。
10．答案：how
解析：考查感叹句。句意：在吃大闸蟹的时候，当你已移除障碍物，你会惊讶地发现大闸蟹是多么美味。句中great为形容词，应用how引导感叹句，故填how。(共48张PPT)
课时作业24 UNIT 3 FOOD AND CULTURE
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·浙江义乌三模)Italian cuisine may be one of the most recognized and loved in the world—often imagined as a collection of ancient recipes and local traditions preserved by skillful grandmothers over centuries. But now, a food historian is exposing common myths and false stories, arguing that the Italian cuisine as we know it is barely a few decades old.
Grandi claims in his latest book，Italian Cuisine Doesn’t Exist, the idea that many beloved recipes and products such as cheeses or cured meats have hundreds of years of history is pure fantasy. Most dishes have a shorter history than most people imagine.
Migration is what made Italian cuisine what it is today. In the 19th and 20th centuries, millions of people left Italy, a poverty-stricken country with limited dietary options, emigrating to South America, North America and European countries. The Italians who landed on New York’s Ellis Island left hunger and misery behind. And it was in the “new world”， Grandi argues, that Italian immigrants found the wealth and ingredients to create the recipes that eventually popularized Italian food worldwide.
However, many Italians are not familiar with this history. They might imagine that their beloved recipes were born in Italy, passed down, unchanged, from generation to generation and eventually exported abroad by Italian migrants.
Pizza is the most famous example of this. Born as a cheap street food in Naples in the 19th century, it was synonymous with poverty and dirt. It was in America, says Grandi, that pizza became “red”. While fresh tomatoes were among the original toppings, Italian immigrants to the U.S. popularized pizza prepared with tomato sauce, a product that industrialization made easy to access and store. And it was in the U. S. that pizzerias really started to take off. Scholars call this process “the pizza effect”： when a product leaves its place of origin, gets profoundly transformed and then returns to its place of origin to be fully embraced in a completely different form.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一位食品历史学家揭露了关于意大利美食的常见神话和虚假故事，指出我们所知道的意大利美食只有几十年的历史，并解释了意大利美食的发展历程以及比萨这一经典食物的起源和演变。
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1.What does Grandi challenge in his book
A.The role of Italian chefs.
B.The history of Italian cuisine.
C.The recipe for cured meats.
D.The process of cheese production.
答案：B
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解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Grandi claims in his latest book, Italian Cuisine Doesn’t Exist, the idea that many beloved recipes and products such as cheeses or cured meats have hundreds of years of history is pure fantasy. Most dishes have a shorter history than most people imagine. (Grandi在他的新书《意大利美食并不存在》中声称，许多深受人们喜爱的食谱以及像奶酪或腌肉这类产品拥有数百年历史的这一观点纯属幻想。大多数菜肴的历史比大多数人想象的要短)”可知，Grandi在他的书中对意大利美食的历史提出了质疑。故选B。
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2.How did Italian immigrants contribute to the spread of Italian cuisine
A.By running Italian restaurants worldwide.
B.By promoting food industrialization in Italy.
C.By creating new recipes with local ingredients.
D.By preserving ancient recipes through generations.
答案：C
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解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“And it was in the ‘new world’， Grandi argues, that Italian immigrants found the wealth and ingredients to create the recipes that eventually popularized Italian food worldwide. (Grandi认为，正是在‘新大陆’，意大利移民获得了财富和食材，从而创造出了那些最终让意大利美食在全世界得以推广的食谱)”可知，意大利移民通过使用当地食材创造新食谱来促进意大利美食的传播。故选C。
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3.What does the underlined phrase “was synonymous with” in the last paragraph mean
A.Equaled.　　　　　　　 B.Removed.
C.Caused. D.Exposed.
答案：A
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解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“Pizza is the most famous example of this. Born as a cheap street food in Naples in the 19th century, it was synonymous with poverty and dirt. (比萨就是这方面最著名的例子。19 世纪时，比萨诞生于那不勒斯，是一种廉价的街头食品，那时它was synonymous with贫穷与脏乱)”可知，比萨在19世纪诞生于那不勒斯，是一种廉价的街头食品，结合常识，廉价的街头食品与贫困和肮脏是等同的概念。由此可知，was synonymous with意思是“等同于”，与A选项“Equaled(等同于)”意思一致。故选A。
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4.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A.The Migration of Italian Cuisine
B.The Origin of the Pizza Effect
C.The Secret of Traditional Recipes
D.The Truth Behind Italian Cuisine
答案：D
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解析：标题归纳题。文章第一段提到“a food historian is exposing common myths and false stories, arguing that the Italian cuisine as we know it is barely a few decades old (一位食品历史学家正在揭露常见的神话和虚假故事，他认为我们所知道的意大利美食只有几十年的历史)”，接着下文详细介绍了意大利美食的历史以及比萨这一经典食物的起源和演变。由此可知，本文主要是讲述意大利美食背后的真相，所以选项D“The Truth Behind Italian Cuisine”适合作为本文的标题。故选D。
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Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·广东二调)You can imagine how novel we found it when my school began offering cooking as part of the curriculum (课程).As a growing boy，I seemed to be 1 all day long.And the good news was that we could 2 what we cooked.I immediately signed up.
At the beginning of the first class, I 3 slowly with a classic, boiled egg alone.To a teenage boy, the boiled egg might seem like a no-brainer.I was feeling 4 and excited.
Then the class was divided into teams to 5 the complex and challenging dish—Rodeo Stuffed Hot Dogs.The 6 proceeded satisfactorily.Even the baking seemed to progress as 7 .But my team ran into 8 when we turned on the broiler (烤箱) to brown our hot dogs.It really wasn’t our 9 .The members of another group were busy 10 their hot dogs out from the oven and placing them on the table to cool.They 11 good, making our mouths water.We gathered closely together around those tasty hot dogs, and we were all 12 ...until a cloud of black smoke rising from our oven suddenly 13 our masterpieces.
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All our previous efforts were wasted. 14 ，we were regarded as that day’s heroes.The sense of 15 that came from creating a dish promoted a positive relationship with food and willingness to try new things.
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[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在参加学校烹饪课的过程中发生的趣事及由此引发的思考。
显示原文
1.A.ignorant B.sleepy
C.hungry D.greedy
答案：C
解析：根据上文的“my school began offering cooking as part of the curriculum”“a growing boy”和下文的“I immediately signed up.”再结合常识可推知，学校开设了烹饪课，作者立即报名了，因为作为正在长身体的男孩，作者似乎整天都很饿(hungry)。
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2.A.display B.exchange
C.market D.have
答案：D
解析：根据上文的“As a growing boy, I seemed to be 1 all day long.”“the good news”和下文的“I immediately signed up.”可知，好消息是作者他们可以吃(have)自己做的东西。
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3.A.took off B.started off
C.called off D.put off
答案：B
解析：根据上文的“At the beginning of the first class”可知，第一节课开始时，作者慢慢地从一个经典的煮鸡蛋开始(started off)。take off“突然开始成功”；call off“取消，停止进行”；put off“推迟，延迟”。
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4.A.nervous B.confident
C.bored D.relaxed
答案：B
解析：根据上文的“To a teenage boy, the boiled egg might seem like a no-brainer.”可知，在一个十几岁的男孩看来，煮鸡蛋似乎是一件简单的事，所以作者感到自信(confident)。
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5.A.recommend B.appreciate
C.evaluate D.make
答案：D
解析：第一段讲学校开设了烹饪课，故此处表示在烹饪课上，全班被分成小组，制作(make)复杂且富有挑战性的菜肴。
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6.A.preparation B.cooking
C.competition D.course
答案：A
解析：空前讲全班被分成小组制作菜肴，空后讲的是烘焙的进展。结合常识可知，此处表示准备工作(preparation)进行得令人满意。
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7.A.involved B.intended
C.imitated D.pictured
答案：B
解析：根据上文的“The 6 proceeded satisfactorily.”和even可知，烘焙进展也很顺利，似乎也在按计划进行，故选B项。
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8.A.trouble B.pressure
C.prejudice D.resistance
答案：A
解析：空前的but表示转折，表明此处描述的事情进行得不顺利。再根据下文的“a cloud of black smoke rising from our oven”可知，作者的团队遇到了麻烦(trouble)。
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9.A.dish B.task
C.fault D.cooker
答案：C
解析：根据下文的描述可知，作者的团队将热狗放入烤箱后，他们被另一组已经烘烤完成的热狗的香气吸引，他们紧紧地围在那些美味的热狗周围，后来一团黑烟从作者他们的烤箱里冒了出来。由此可推知，这并不是作者团队的错(fault)。
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10.A.pulling B.giving
C.putting D.working
答案：A
解析：此处表示另一组的成员正忙着把他们的热狗从烤箱里拿(pulling)出来放在桌子上冷却。
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11.A.tasted B.felt
C.sounded D.smelled
答案：D
解析：根据下文的“making our mouths water”并结合常识可知，热狗闻起来(smelled)很香，让作者他们直流口水。
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12.A.taken B.cheated
C.beaten D.refused
答案：A
解析：根据上文的“They 11 good...gathered closely together around those tasty hot dogs”可知，作者他们被热狗的香气吸引了。be taken (with...)“被(……)吸引”，故选A。
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13.A.comprised B.ended
C.perfected D.saved
答案：B
解析：根据空前的“a cloud of black smoke rising from our oven”可知，烤箱中冒出来的黑烟突然结束了(ended)作者他们的杰作。
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14.A.Moreover B.Therefore
C.Otherwise D.Still
答案：D
解析：前一句讲作者他们之前的一切努力都白费了，空后讲作者他们被视为那天的英雄，前后之间是转折关系，故选D项。still“虽然如此，尽管那样”。
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15.A.achievement B.security
C.excitement D.responsibility
答案：C
解析：根据空后的“that came from creating a dish”并结合上文描述的作者他们制作菜肴的过程可推知，制作一道菜带来的兴奋感(excitement)促进了作者与食物的积极关系，激发了作者尝试新事物的意愿。
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Ⅲ.语法填空
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。 文章从中国大闸蟹的上市时间、肉质特点以及烹饪技巧等方面做了介绍。
I, as a food writer, traveled to China last year.Then I fell in love with the hairy crab (螃蟹), which is one of 1. most prized Chinese dishes.Hairy crabs are only available in the fall, starting
2. late September to early October, and 3. (end) around November.Supplies are limited and Chinese consumers spend a lot on good-quality crabs obtained from particular rivers.
1.答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意：然后我爱上了大闸蟹，这是最珍贵的中国菜之一。根据句意并结合空前的one of和空后的most prized可知，此处使用了形容词的最高级形式，故填the。
2.答案：from
解析：考查介词。 句意：大闸蟹只在秋季供应，从9月底到10月初开始，到11月左右结束。短语from...to...意为“从……到……”，故填from。
3.答案：ending
解析：考查非谓语动词。句中and连接两个非谓语动词在句中作状语；结合句子主语与end在逻辑上的主谓关系和空前的starting可知，应填ending。
Hairy crabs’ flesh is well-known for its 4. (sweet).Also of value is the crabs’ golden roe, which is creamy and delicious.Female crabs are more prized 5. male ones because they contain much more roe and are believed 6. (taste) sweeter.
4.答案：sweetness
解析：考查词性转换。句意：大闸蟹的肉以其甜味而闻名。空前的its为形容词性物主代词，此处应用名词形式，故填sweetness。
5.答案：than
解析：考查介词。根据空前的female crabs和空后的male ones并结合more prized可知，此处为比较级句型，故填than。
6.答案：to taste
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为believe sb./sth.to do sth.“相信某人/某物……”的被动形式，故填to taste。
Traditionally, the recipe for hairy crabs 7. (be) simple—the crabs are steamed and then eaten with a sauce (调味汁).They are paired 8. (excellent) with huangjiu, a kind of Chinese liquor (烈性酒) made from fermented (发酵的) grains.There are eight different tools used to process the hairy crabs, each 9. (design) for specific parts.It is a mark of art, and in fact a show of skill to be able to eat crabs without cracking the bones.
7.答案：is
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：传统上，大闸蟹的做法简单——把螃蟹蒸熟，然后蘸着调味汁吃。该句话陈述的是客观事实，此处应用一般现在时；句子的主语为the recipe，谓语动词应用单数形式，故填is。
8.答案：excellently
解析：考查词性转换。句意：它们与黄酒非常搭配，黄酒是一种由发酵的谷物制成的中国烈性酒。应用副词修饰谓语动词，故填excellently。
9.答案：designed
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：加工大闸蟹有八种不同的工具，每种工具都是为特定的部位设计的。分析句子结构可知，“each
9. (design) for specific parts”为独立主格结构；each与design之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填designed。
Many restaurants are now offering to do the work for you, and will bring you the ready-processed ones.It’s surprising 10. great hairy crabs are after you’ve removed the obstacle (障碍物) when eating them.
10.答案：how
解析：考查感叹句。句意：在吃大闸蟹的时候，当你已移除障碍物，你会惊讶地发现大闸蟹是多么美味。句中great为形容词，应用how引导感叹句，故填how。(共32张PPT)
第一部分 教材梳理篇
UNIT 3 FOOD AND CULTURE
主题语境　饮食文化
内容索引
NEIRONGSUOYIN
Part 1　核心考点突破
Part 2　基础知识达标
Part 3　写作能力培优
Part 1　核心考点突破
1.association n.协会；社团；关联；联想；交往→________ vt.联想；联系；表明支持 vi.交往 adj.副的；联合的 n.同事，伙伴→__________ adj.相关的；有关联的
(1)in association with... 与……合作；与……有关联
(2)associate... with... 把……和……联系在一起
associate with与……交往
(3)be associated with与……有关
associate
associated
①(2023·浙江1月卷)Thanks to Beijing’s long history as the capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated _____ historic events.
②The strong __________ (associate) between regular exercise and improved mental health has been widely documented in scientific studies.
with
association
③人们常把成功与努力工作联系在一起，但不可否认的是，运气和机会与成功也紧密相关。(主旨升华)
People often___________________________, but there is no denying that luck and opportunities are____________________________.
associate success with hard work
in close association with success
2.quantity n.数量；数额
a large/small quantity of 大/少量的
(large) quantities of 大量的
in quantity＝in large amounts/quantities 大量地
①Quantities of fresh vegetables and fruits _______ (be) delivered to earthquake-stricken areas,ensuring enough supply for refugees.
地震灾区
②The store offers discounts when products are purchased ___ quantity, encuraging bulk buying among customers.
③大量志愿者聚集在社区中心，准备参与环保清理活动。(志愿活动)
___________________________________ gathered at the community center, ready to participate in the environmental cleanup campaign.
were
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A large quantity of/Quantities of volunteers
3.trick n.诀窍；计谋；诡计，把戏 vt.欺骗；欺诈→______ adj.棘手的，难对付的
(1)play a trick/tricks on sb. 捉弄某人
(2)trick sb.into (doing) sth. 欺骗某人(做)某事
tricky
①Don’t take it seriously；she just wants to play tricks ___ you.
②_______ (trick) into buying the fake, he got so desperate that he drowned his sadness in wine.
③没有人喜欢和他交朋友，因为他总是捉弄他人。(人际关系)
No one likes to make friends with him, because he always_________
___________________.
on
Tricked
trick/tricks on others
plays a
借酒消愁
4.consist of由……组成(或构成)→_________ adj.一致的；连续的
(1)consist in在于；存在于
consist of＝be made up of由……组成
(2)be consistent with与……一致
consistent
①With _________ (consist) efforts and determination, even the most challenging goals can be achieved, turning dreams into reality.
②The research team, ___________ (consist) of experts from various fields, successfully completed the complex project ahead of schedule.
③我建议您去泰山旅游，它的魅力在于其迷人的风景和丰富的文化。(旅游推荐)
I recommend you to travel to Mount Tai _______________________
_____________________________.
consistent
consisting
charming scenery and rich culture
whose charm consists in its
1.trick
Here are some tricks① of getting along well with others. First and foremost, you should never play tricks② on those around you. Meanwhile, never trick③ others by telling lies.
①____________　②_____________　③_______
n.诀窍，技巧
n.诡计，把戏
vt.欺骗
2.modest
As a famous scientist, she is modest① about her achievements. She is satisfied to earn a modest② salary as a teacher in a university. Though living in a modest③ apartment, she could have lived a richer and more leisurely life.
①__________ 　②__________　③___________
adj.谦虚的
adj.些许的
adj.朴素的
3.stuff
I cleared up all the stuff① on the desk and stuffed② them into my backpack in a hurry to catch the morning bus.
①____________ 　②_____________
n.东西；物品
vt.把……塞进
1.形容词(短语)作状语
[教材原句]　Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten. 又累又饿，一个汉字也不认识，我们压根儿不知道如何点餐，于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
本句中形容词tired、 hungry和现在分词短语not knowing a word of Chinese作状语。
形容词(短语)作状语：
(1)说明谓语动词表示的动作发生时主语所处的状态。
(2)表示行为方式、伴随状况、原因、时间或条件等。
①无法控制自己的愤怒，他的父亲气得冲出房间，狠狠地摔上门。(愤怒表达)
_______________________, his father stormed out of the room and slammed the door.
②他极其谨慎地靠近悬崖边，一小步一小步地走着。
________________, he approached the edge of the cliff, taking small steps.
Unable to contain his anger
Extremely cautious
③(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)我走上舞台去领取获奖证书，极度紧张和兴奋。
I stepped onto the stage to receive the award certificate,___________
___________________.
extremely
nervous and excited
2.倍数表达法
[教材原句]　And in America, people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day. 在美国，每天从糖分中摄取25%或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10%的人的两倍。
倍数的表达方式：
(1)A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as＋B
(2)A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than＋B
(3)A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length/...)＋of＋B
(4)A＋be＋倍数＋what＋从句
①The width of the road is twice _______ it was three years ago.
②现在，我们新学校的面积是10年前的三倍大。
Now our new school is ____________________________________
_______________________ what it was ten years ago.
what
three times as large as/three times larger
than/three times the size of
Part 2　基础知识达标
Ⅰ.语境填空
1.Prior to _______ (start) the new job, she spent a week attending training sessions to familiarize herself with the company’s procedures.
2.Some of the injuries __________ (associate) with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers.
3.Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with _________ (minimize) delay.
4.What is well-known is that sound can travel about four times as fast through water ____ through air.
starting
associated
minimum
as
5.Regardless ____ the heavy rain, the athletes continued with their outdoor training, showing great perseverance.
6.The true essence of happiness does not consist ____ material wealth, but in the simple joys of life and meaningful relationships.
7.No one can deny the fact that fresh air is fundamental _____ good health, so we must go outdoors regularly.
8.Her _____________ (exception) performance in the exam not only impressed the teachers but also earned her a full scholarship.
of
in
to
exceptional
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.这次展览是由我们学校联合一些著名艺术家共同组织的。
This exhibition is organized by our school _____________________
______________.
2.在展览上你将会欣赏到大量令人惊叹的绘画，从敦煌壁画到张大千的绘画。
You will ________________________________________________
__________ at the exhibition, ranging from Dunhuang frescoes to Zhang Daqian’s paintings.
famous artists
in association with several
appreciate a large quantity of/large quantities of amazing
paintings
3.这次展览上展出的画作数量是上次的两倍。(倍数表达；as... as)
The number of paintings on display at this exhibition is ___________
______________________.
as that of the previous one
twice as large
Part 3　写作能力培优
培优1　应用文增分练——中国传统食物饺子
根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。
I feel honored to have the opportunity to talk about traditional Chinese food—dumplings. Dumplings are a kind of popular food in North China, which ①_____________________________________ (与许多重要的场合有关). For example, during the Spring Festival, the whole family gather together to make dumplings, ②___________
__________ (幸福且快乐；形容词短语作状语). ③____________
____________ (需要很多技巧) to make tasty and good dumplings.
are associated with many significant occasions
delighted
happy and
Many tricks
are needed
Making dumplings ④_____________________________ (主要包括三个步骤)—preparing the dough and making it into slices, wrapping various stuffing with the slices and boiling them in boiling water.
Dumplings are really a delicious food and ⑤________________
________ (一定要亲自品尝) when you come to China.
Thank you!
mainly consists of three procedures
do taste them in
person
教材语料运用　【人物情感描写】
一个大胆的男孩满脑子都是各种各样的鬼把戏。他经常骗他的同学做各种各样的事情。另外，他脾气暴躁。他几乎惹恼了他所有的同学。后来，当这个男孩被班主任严厉批评的时候，他咬着嘴唇，低下头，流下了羞愧的泪水。从那时起，男孩变得谦虚了。
培优2　读后续写提能练
A bold boy was stuffed with various tricks in his mind. He often 1.________________________________________. Besides, he had a hot temper. He almost annoyed all of his classmates. Later, 2.______________ (状语从句的省略) by his head teacher severely, the boy chewed his lip, 3.___________________________________
(动作链). From then on, the boy 4._______________.
tricked his classmates into doing various things
when criticized
lowered his head and shed tears of shame
became modest课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·浙江义乌三模)Italian cuisine may be one of the most recognized and loved in the world—often imagined as a collection of ancient recipes and local traditions preserved by skillful grandmothers over centuries. But now, a food historian is exposing common myths and false stories, arguing that the Italian cuisine as we know it is barely a few decades old.
Grandi claims in his latest book，Italian Cuisine Doesn’t Exist, the idea that many beloved recipes and products such as cheeses or cured meats have hundreds of years of history is pure fantasy. Most dishes have a shorter history than most people imagine.
Migration is what made Italian cuisine what it is today. In the 19th and 20th centuries, millions of people left Italy, a poverty-stricken country with limited dietary options, emigrating to South America, North America and European countries. The Italians who landed on New York’s Ellis Island left hunger and misery behind. And it was in the “new world”， Grandi argues, that Italian immigrants found the wealth and ingredients to create the recipes that eventually popularized Italian food worldwide.
However, many Italians are not familiar with this history. They might imagine that their beloved recipes were born in Italy, passed down, unchanged, from generation to generation and eventually exported abroad by Italian migrants.
Pizza is the most famous example of this. Born as a cheap street food in Naples in the 19th century, it was synonymous with poverty and dirt. It was in America, says Grandi, that pizza became “red”. While fresh tomatoes were among the original toppings, Italian immigrants to the U.S. popularized pizza prepared with tomato sauce, a product that industrialization made easy to access and store. And it was in the U. S. that pizzerias really started to take off. Scholars call this process “the pizza effect”： when a product leaves its place of origin, gets profoundly transformed and then returns to its place of origin to be fully embraced in a completely different form.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一位食品历史学家揭露了关于意大利美食的常见神话和虚假故事，指出我们所知道的意大利美食只有几十年的历史，并解释了意大利美食的发展历程以及比萨这一经典食物的起源和演变。
1．What does Grandi challenge in his book
A．The role of Italian chefs.
B．The history of Italian cuisine.
C．The recipe for cured meats.
D．The process of cheese production.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Grandi claims in his latest book, Italian Cuisine Doesn’t Exist, the idea that many beloved recipes and products such as cheeses or cured meats have hundreds of years of history is pure fantasy. Most dishes have a shorter history than most people imagine. (Grandi在他的新书《意大利美食并不存在》中声称，许多深受人们喜爱的食谱以及像奶酪或腌肉这类产品拥有数百年历史的这一观点纯属幻想。大多数菜肴的历史比大多数人想象的要短)”可知，Grandi在他的书中对意大利美食的历史提出了质疑。故选B。
2．How did Italian immigrants contribute to the spread of Italian cuisine
A．By running Italian restaurants worldwide.
B．By promoting food industrialization in Italy.
C．By creating new recipes with local ingredients.
D．By preserving ancient recipes through generations.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“And it was in the ‘new world’， Grandi argues, that Italian immigrants found the wealth and ingredients to create the recipes that eventually popularized Italian food worldwide. (Grandi认为，正是在’新大陆’，意大利移民获得了财富和食材，从而创造出了那些最终让意大利美食在全世界得以推广的食谱)”可知，意大利移民通过使用当地食材创造新食谱来促进意大利美食的传播。故选C。
3．What does the underlined phrase “was synonymous with” in the last paragraph mean
A．Equaled.　　　　　　　 B．Removed.
C．Caused. D．Exposed.
答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“Pizza is the most famous example of this. Born as a cheap street food in Naples in the 19th century, it was synonymous with poverty and dirt. (比萨就是这方面最著名的例子。19 世纪时，比萨诞生于那不勒斯，是一种廉价的街头食品，那时它was synonymous with贫穷与脏乱)”可知，比萨在19世纪诞生于那不勒斯，是一种廉价的街头食品，结合常识，廉价的街头食品与贫困和肮脏是等同的概念。由此可知，was synonymous with意思是“等同于”，与A选项“Equaled(等同于)”意思一致。故选A。
4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A．The Migration of Italian Cuisine
B．The Origin of the Pizza Effect
C．The Secret of Traditional Recipes
D．The Truth Behind Italian Cuisine
答案：D
解析：标题归纳题。文章第一段提到“a food historian is exposing common myths and false stories, arguing that the Italian cuisine as we know it is barely a few decades old (一位食品历史学家正在揭露常见的神话和虚假故事，他认为我们所知道的意大利美食只有几十年的历史)”，接着下文详细介绍了意大利美食的历史以及比萨这一经典食物的起源和演变。由此可知，本文主要是讲述意大利美食背后的真相，所以选项D“The Truth Behind Italian Cuisine”适合作为本文的标题。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·广东二调)You can imagine how novel we found it when my school began offering cooking as part of the curriculum (课程).As a growing boy，I seemed to be 1 all day long.And the good news was that we could 2 what we cooked.I immediately signed up.
At the beginning of the first class, I 3 slowly with a classic, boiled egg alone.To a teenage boy, the boiled egg might seem like a no-brainer.I was feeling 4 and excited.
Then the class was divided into teams to 5 the complex and challenging dish—Rodeo Stuffed Hot Dogs.The 6 proceeded satisfactorily.Even the baking seemed to progress as 7 ．But my team ran into 8 when we turned on the broiler (烤箱) to brown our hot dogs.It really wasn’t our 9 ．The members of another group were busy 10 their hot dogs out from the oven and placing them on the table to cool.They 11 good, making our mouths water.We gathered closely together around those tasty hot dogs, and we were all 12 ．..until a cloud of black smoke rising from our oven suddenly 13 our masterpieces.
All our previous efforts were wasted. 14 ，we were regarded as that day’s heroes.The sense of 15 that came from creating a dish promoted a positive relationship with food and willingness to try new things.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在参加学校烹饪课的过程中发生的趣事及由此引发的思考。
1．A.ignorant B．sleepy
C．hungry D．greedy
答案：C
解析：根据上文的“my school began offering cooking as part of the curriculum”“a growing boy”和下文的“I immediately signed up.”再结合常识可推知，学校开设了烹饪课，作者立即报名了，因为作为正在长身体的男孩，作者似乎整天都很饿(hungry)。
2．A.display B．exchange
C．market D．have
答案：D
解析：根据上文的“As a growing boy, I seemed to be 1 all day long.”“the good news”和下文的“I immediately signed up.”可知，好消息是作者他们可以吃(have)自己做的东西。
3．A.took off B．started off
C．called off D．put off
答案：B
解析：根据上文的“At the beginning of the first class”可知，第一节课开始时，作者慢慢地从一个经典的煮鸡蛋开始(started off)。take off“突然开始成功”；call off“取消，停止进行”；put off“推迟，延迟”。
4．A.nervous B．confident
C．bored D．relaxed
答案：B
解析：根据上文的“To a teenage boy, the boiled egg might seem like a no-brainer.”可知，在一个十几岁的男孩看来，煮鸡蛋似乎是一件简单的事，所以作者感到自信(confident)。
5．A.recommend B．appreciate
C．evaluate D．make
答案：D
解析：第一段讲学校开设了烹饪课，故此处表示在烹饪课上，全班被分成小组，制作(make)复杂且富有挑战性的菜肴。
6．A.preparation B．cooking
C．competition D．course
答案：A
解析：空前讲全班被分成小组制作菜肴，空后讲的是烘焙的进展。结合常识可知，此处表示准备工作(preparation)进行得令人满意。
7．A.involved B．intended
C．imitated D．pictured
答案：B
解析：根据上文的“The 6 proceeded satisfactorily.”和even可知，烘焙进展也很顺利，似乎也在按计划进行，故选B项。
8．A.trouble B．pressure
C．prejudice D．resistance
答案：A
解析：空前的but表示转折，表明此处描述的事情进行得不顺利。再根据下文的“a cloud of black smoke rising from our oven”可知，作者的团队遇到了麻烦(trouble)。
9．A.dish B．task
C．fault D．cooker
答案：C
解析：根据下文的描述可知，作者的团队将热狗放入烤箱后，他们被另一组已经烘烤完成的热狗的香气吸引，他们紧紧地围在那些美味的热狗周围，后来一团黑烟从作者他们的烤箱里冒了出来。由此可推知，这并不是作者团队的错(fault)。
10．A.pulling B．giving
C．putting D．working
答案：A
解析：此处表示另一组的成员正忙着把他们的热狗从烤箱里拿(pulling)出来放在桌子上冷却。
11．A.tasted B．felt
C．sounded D．smelled
答案：D
解析：根据下文的“making our mouths water”并结合常识可知，热狗闻起来(smelled)很香，让作者他们直流口水。
12．A.taken B．cheated
C．beaten D．refused
答案：A
解析：根据上文的“They 11 good...gathered closely together around those tasty hot dogs”可知，作者他们被热狗的香气吸引了。be taken (with...)“被(……)吸引”，故选A。
13．A.comprised B．ended
C．perfected D．saved
答案：B
解析：根据空前的“a cloud of black smoke rising from our oven”可知，烤箱中冒出来的黑烟突然结束了(ended)作者他们的杰作。
14．A.Moreover B．Therefore
C．Otherwise D．Still
答案：D
解析：前一句讲作者他们之前的一切努力都白费了，空后讲作者他们被视为那天的英雄，前后之间是转折关系，故选D项。still“虽然如此，尽管那样”。
15．A.achievement B．security
C．excitement D．responsibility
答案：C
解析：根据空后的“that came from creating a dish”并结合上文描述的作者他们制作菜肴的过程可推知，制作一道菜带来的兴奋感(excitement)促进了作者与食物的积极关系，激发了作者尝试新事物的意愿。
Ⅲ.语法填空
I, as a food writer, traveled to China last year.Then I fell in love with the hairy crab (螃蟹), which is one of 1. most prized Chinese dishes.Hairy crabs are only available in the fall, starting 2. late September to early October, and 3. (end) around November.Supplies are limited and Chinese consumers spend a lot on good-quality crabs obtained from particular rivers.
Hairy crabs’ flesh is well-known for its 4. (sweet).Also of value is the crabs’ golden roe, which is creamy and delicious.Female crabs are more prized 5. male ones because they contain much more roe and are believed 6. (taste) sweeter.
Traditionally, the recipe for hairy crabs 7. (be) simple—the crabs are steamed and then eaten with a sauce (调味汁).They are paired 8. (excellent) with huangjiu, a kind of Chinese liquor (烈性酒) made from fermented (发酵的) grains.There are eight different tools used to process the hairy crabs, each 9. (design) for specific parts.It is a mark of art, and in fact a show of skill to be able to eat crabs without cracking the bones.
Many restaurants are now offering to do the work for you, and will bring you the ready-processed ones.It’s surprising 10. great hairy crabs are after you’ve removed the obstacle (障碍物) when eating them.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。 文章从中国大闸蟹的上市时间、肉质特点以及烹饪技巧等方面做了介绍。
1．答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意：然后我爱上了大闸蟹，这是最珍贵的中国菜之一。根据句意并结合空前的one of和空后的most prized可知，此处使用了形容词的最高级形式，故填the。
2．答案：from
解析：考查介词。 句意：大闸蟹只在秋季供应，从9月底到10月初开始，到11月左右结束。短语from...to...意为“从……到……”，故填from。
3．答案：ending
解析：考查非谓语动词。句中and连接两个非谓语动词在句中作状语；结合句子主语与end在逻辑上的主谓关系和空前的starting可知，应填ending。
4．答案：sweetness
解析：考查词性转换。句意：大闸蟹的肉以其甜味而闻名。空前的its为形容词性物主代词，此处应用名词形式，故填sweetness。
5．答案：than
解析：考查介词。根据空前的female crabs和空后的male ones并结合more prized可知，此处为比较级句型，故填than。
6．答案：to taste
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为believe sb./sth.to do sth.“相信某人/某物……”的被动形式，故填to taste。
7．答案：is
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：传统上，大闸蟹的做法简单——把螃蟹蒸熟，然后蘸着调味汁吃。该句话陈述的是客观事实，此处应用一般现在时；句子的主语为the recipe，谓语动词应用单数形式，故填is。
8．答案：excellently
解析：考查词性转换。句意：它们与黄酒非常搭配，黄酒是一种由发酵的谷物制成的中国烈性酒。应用副词修饰谓语动词，故填excellently。
9．答案：designed
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：加工大闸蟹有八种不同的工具，每种工具都是为特定的部位设计的。分析句子结构可知，“each 9. (design) for specific parts”为独立主格结构；each与design之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填designed。
10．答案：how
解析：考查感叹句。句意：在吃大闸蟹的时候，当你已移除障碍物，你会惊讶地发现大闸蟹是多么美味。句中great为形容词，应用how引导感叹句，故填how。

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