资源简介

(共50张PPT)
课时作业32 UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·江苏南通等七市联考)Next time you’re walking through a park on a hot day, take a moment to sit under a big old tree. You’ll find that the temperature is something like 2 ℃ cooler than if you were beneath an umbrella. Why Because a mature tree releases a massive amount of water from its leaves, which cools the surrounding air, just like the way sweating cools our bodies down.
So a single tree influences the microclimate around it—but what about an entire forest That’s the question explored in The Power of Trees by German forester Peter Wohlleben. He writes about trees, ecosystems, roots and the many creatures who live in and among them in a fresh, lively way. He believes forests and trees make decisions about their survival, protect and look after their young.
For readers, some of this language is familiar, and some may know that this style has been a source of derision (嘲笑) in the past. However, it’s this down-to-earth, conversational style that makes the book come to life and makes complex science accessible. He explains processes, such as the way trees access and use sugars at different times of the year, in simple, everyday terms.
Wohlleben writes in a calm style, but he can’t hide his anger with the way people today—including many environmentalists—now “think of trees as little more than biological storage units for carbon dioxide either while they are alive or when they are dead”. This narrow perspective ignores the vast beneficial effects that forests generate for global temperature management. His claims and criticisms are backed by emerging science and new research, as well as practical observations of how the presence of forests changes the landscape nearby.
This book is wise and thought-provoking. In his chapter highlighting the role of wolves as top predators (捕食者) in preserving the forest, Wohlleben writes: “We can come at protecting forests from whatever direction we want, but the results are always the same. We must put less pressure on nature by exploiting (开发) it less. We must strengthen forests by allowing them to take care of themselves.”
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇书评。文章主要介绍了德国护林员Peter Wohlleben的著作《树木的力量》。书中探讨了森林对微气候的影响、树木的生存智慧以及人类对森林的狭隘认知，并以通俗易懂的语言阐释了复杂的科学原理。
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1.What does The Power of Trees explore
A.Temperature management.
B.The loss of water in leaves.
C.Formation of microclimates.
D.The vital role that forests play.
答案：D
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解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“That’s the question explored in The Power of Trees... He writes about trees, ecosystems, roots and the many creatures who live in and among them in a fresh, lively way. He believes forests and trees make decisions about their survival”可知，该书聚焦森林的核心作用。故选D。
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2.Which can describe the language in the book
A.Complex. 　　　　　　　B.Fancy.
C.Approachable. D.Professional.
答案：C
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解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“it’s this down-to-earth, conversational style that makes the book come to life”和“in simple, everyday terms(用简单的日常用语)”可知，这本书的语言风格平易近人。故选C。
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3.How does Wohlleben deal with people’s narrow perspective on forests
A.He treats it lightly.
B.He turns a deaf ear to it.
C.He refers to it selectively.
D.He argues against it convincingly.
答案：D
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解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“His claims and criticisms are backed by emerging science and new research, as well as practical observations of how the presence of forests changes the landscape nearby. (他的主张和批评得到了新兴科学研究和实地观察的支撑，也有对森林的存在如何改变周边地貌的实地观察作为依据)”可推知，作者用科学论据有力反驳了狭隘观点。故选D。
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4.What does Wohlleben suggest for protecting forests
A.Fighting climate change.
B.Leaving them alone.
C.Returning farmland to forest.
D.Driving wolves away.
答案：B
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解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“We must strengthen forests by allowing them to take care of themselves. (我们必须通过让森林自我管理来加强它们)”可知，作者主张减少人为干预。故选B。
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Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·湖北武汉二调)Since the beginning of my Ph.D., my life had been packed with activities.Besides working full time on my own research, I 1 my colleagues’ experiments by helping with tasks like data analysis.I attended every course that I could, believing my ability to 2 a tight schedule was a measure of my 3 .
However, behind my busyness lay an undeniable truth—I was burned out.My attention was 4 —I couldn’t put my best effort into all the 5 .
Then after a major error in my research paper, a colleague came and 6 ， “You need to improve your working approach, but more importantly, you need to 7 .” I took his advice.I purchased a separate work phone, which I would leave 8 in the evenings.I also started to set clear 9 around my work hours and became more 10 about the projects I took on.
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Initially, I felt I was doing something that might 11 my career.But my priorities became clearer as I took more time to 12 and reflect on my work. 13 ， I realized I really liked writing the thesis and put more time and effort into it.Ultimately, this 14 made me more productive.
Creating space for yourself isn’t a sign of 15 ； it’s a way to focus on what truly matters to you.
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[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在攻读博士学位期间从过度工作到学会平衡工作与生活的转变过程。
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1.A.graded　　　　　　　　 B.aided
C.funded D.scheduled
答案：B
解析：根据下文“by helping with tasks like data analysis”可知，作者通过帮忙做数据分析等任务协助(aided)同事做实验。
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2.A.assign B.manage
C.delay D.decline
答案：B
解析：根据上文“I attended every course that I could”可知，作者上了所能上的每一门课程，他这样做是因为相信自己有管理(manage)紧凑日程的能力。
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3.A.patience B.competence
C.knowledge D.ambition
答案：B
解析：此处表示作者相信管理紧凑日程是对自己能力(competence)的一种衡量。
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4.A.drawn B.focused
C.divided D.directed
答案：C
解析：根据上文“I was burned out.”以及下文“I couldn’t put my best effort...”可知，作者精力耗尽了，注意力被分散了(divided)。
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5.A.achievements B.courses
C.rewards D.tasks
答案：D
解析：根据第一段的内容可知，作者既要完成自己的研究，又要协助同事做实验，这些都是作者的任务(tasks)。
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6.A.ordered B.blamed
C.suggested D.investigated
答案：C
解析：根据下文“I took his advice.”可知，同事给作者提了建议。
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7.A.slow down B.hang on
C.cheer up D.fight back
答案：A
解析：根据上文可知，作者在承担自己的研究工作的同时也帮助他人，耗尽了精力。因此同事建议他慢下来(slow down)。
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8.A.untouched B.uncharged
C.unpaid D.unlocked
答案：A
解析：根据上文“I purchased a separate work phone”可知，作者买了专门用于工作的手机，而他这样做是为了将工作与生活分开，因此这里表示晚上不碰(untouched)这部手机。
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9.A.guidelines B.deadlines
C.goals D.boundaries
答案：D
解析：根据上文作者晚上不使用工作手机可知，作者开始为工作时间设定明确的界限(boundaries)。
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10.A.selective B.curious
C.confident D.anxious
答案：A
解析：根据上文作者为工作时间设定明确的界限以及最后一段作者的感悟“为自己创造空间是一种专注于对自己真正重要的事情的方式”可知，作者对自己承担的项目变得更有选择性(selective)。
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11.A.launch B.improve
C.affect D.lengthen
答案：C
解析：doing something指作者为工作时间设定界限，对项目精挑细选的做法。此处表示作者最初觉得自己做的这些事情可能会影响(affect)自己的职业生涯。
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12.A.research B.experiment
C.breathe D.battle
答案：C
解析：空后的reflect on my work表明作者在反思自己的工作。由此推断，作者有了更多时间“放松”，breathe的原意是“呼吸”，在这里引申为“放松，调整状态”。
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13.A.For instance B.In addition
C.By contrast D.As always
答案：A
解析：根据下文“I realized I really liked writing the thesis and put more time and effort into it”可知，作者有了自己真正喜欢的事情并投入了很多时间。这是对上文的举例说明。故选A。
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14.A.belief B.training
C.purchase D.change
答案：D
解析：此处表示这个改变(change)让作者更有效率了。
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15.A.showing off B.breaking down
C.fading away D.falling behind
答案：D
解析：此处表示为自己创造空间并不意味着落后(falling behind)，它是一种专注于对你真正重要的事情的方法。
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Ⅲ.语法填空
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数学和文学之间的关系，二者其实是紧密相连的。
(2025·河南郑州外国语学校调研)Math and literature are probably two of the subjects that bring students headaches.However，scientists wonder 1. the beauty of math can be found in literary works.Once Upon a Prime: The Wondrous Connections Between Mathematics and Literature, a book 2. (publish) recently by UK mathematician Sarah Hart, presents some interesting thoughts about “three”. She argues that the beauty of this number is indeed evident in many works of western literature and languages in general.
1.答案：whether/if
解析：考查连词。句意：然而，科学家们想知道数学之美是否能在文学作品中被找到。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作动词wonder 的宾语；从句的句子结构完整，结合“wonder”及句意可知，这里应是表达疑问语气，用whether或if引导该从句。故填whether/if。
2.答案：published
解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应填非谓语动词形式作后置定语，动词 publish 与逻辑主语a book之间为动宾关系，用过去分词形式。故填published。
“Three” is the minimum number 3. which a two-dimensional shape can be defined.For example，three sticks can create a triangle, a stable structure. Many common phrases are in three words, such as “ready, set, go”. In stories, there are usually three main characters, such as Harry，Ron and Hermione in the Harry Potter series. For a series of novels, there are usually three books rather than four，according to Hart.
3.答案：with
解析：考查介词。句意：“三”是可以用来定义二维形状的最小数字。“3. which a two-dimensional shape can be defined”为定语从句，关系代词为 which，因此空处应是介词；结合从句中的“be defined”可知，这里是短语“be defined with sth.”意为“用……来定义”，介词with置于从句关系代词之前。故填 with。
Why is it always the third son who 4. (behave) differently from his two older brothers, thus 5. (win) the princess？“The reason for this，” Hart explains，“is obvious. We require two
6. (repeat) to get to know the pattern，so that the breaking of the pattern in the third character can surprise or amuse us.”
4.答案：behaves
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：为什么总是第三个儿子的表现不同于他的两个哥哥，从而赢得了公主的芳心？分析句子结构可知，空处在who引导的定语从句中作谓语；由空前主句的be动词is可知，此处也应用一般现在时；从句主语who指代先行词“the third son”，为第三人称单数，故空处用单数。故填behaves。
5.答案：winning
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意见上题。此处的thus为副词，故此处应填非谓语动词形式；结合句意可知，“thus 5. (win) the princess”为结果状语，从句主语who指代the third son，与动词win之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，空处应用现在分词形式，表示自然而然的结果。故填winning。
6.答案：repetitions
解析：考查词性转换。句意：Hart解释道：“原因很明显。我们需要两次重复来了解这个模式，这样第三个人物打破模式就会给我们带来惊喜或乐趣。”根据空前的two可知，这里用名词复数形式，作动词require的宾语。repeat的名词形式为repetition，可作可数名词，这里应用复数形式。故填repetitions。
Similarly，another study by researchers at the University of Vermont also connected math and storytelling.They analyzed more than 1，300 fiction books and arranged for 10，000 words from the books 7. (rate) by 50 participants on a happiness scale of 1 to 9. Then the ratings 8. (categorize) into different graphs，which showed how the readers’ emotions changed while reading. It turned out that each story fit 9. (perfect) into one of six basic graphs, a mathematical pattern.
7.答案：to be rated
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他们分析了1 300多本小说，让50名参与者对这些书中的1万个单词按照从1到9的快乐程度打分。此处考查固定用法“arrange for sb./sth.to do sth.”，意为“安排某人/某物做某事”；结合句意可知，此处表示这些单词被50名参与者打分，所以应用不定式的被动形式。故填to be rated。
8.答案：were categorized
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：然后，将这些评分分类成不同的图表，这些图表显示了读者在阅读时的情绪变化。分析句子结构可知，空处在主句中作谓语；由定语从句的谓语showed可知，此处也应用一般过去时；主语 the ratings与categorize之间为被动关系，空处应用被动语态；主语为复数形式，be动词要用were。故填were categorized。
9.答案：perfectly
解析：考查词性转换。空处修饰动词fit，应用副词形式；perfect的副词形式为 perfectly。故填perfectly。
“The idea 10. one would have to choose between mathematics and literature is something of a tragedy，” Hart says.“The two fields are fundamentally linked.”
10.答案：that
解析：考查同位语从句。句意：Hart说：“人们必须在数学和文学之间做出选择的想法是一种悲剧。这两个领域从根本上是联系在一起的。”分析句子结构可知，主句主干为“The idea is something of a tragedy”，结合句意可知，空处引导同位语从句，解释说明the idea的内容，从句结构和句意完整，故用that引导同位语从句。故填that。(共32张PPT)
第一部分 教材梳理篇
UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
主题语境　文学与艺术
内容索引
NEIRONGSUOYIN
Part 1　核心考点突破
Part 2　基础知识达标
Part 3　写作能力培优
Part 1　核心考点突破
1.guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→_______ n.内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行
(1)be guilty of犯有……罪
be/feel guilty for/at/about... 对/为……感到内疚/有愧
(2)a sense of guilt愧疚感
guilt
①The factory owner, who dumped waste into the river, will be guilty ____ polluting the environment and receive a heavy fine.
②意识到自己的行为伤害了这个可怜的女孩，这个男孩有一种深深的愧疚感。(情感描写)
Realizing that his behaviour hurt the poor girl,______________________
____________________.
of
the boy was overwhelmed by a deep sense of guilt
2.declare vt.表明；宣称；公布→___________ n.宣告；声明
declare... to be/as... 宣布……为……
declare for/against声明支持/反对……
declare war on/against... 对……宣战
declare that... 宣告/宣称……
declaration
①All the residents in this community declared ____ garbage-sorting in new efforts to better protect their living environment.
②1939年，德国向其邻国波兰宣战，这标志着第二次世界大战的爆发。
In 1939，Germany ________________________________________, Poland, marking the outbreak of World War Ⅱ.
for
declared war on/against its neighboring country
③市长宣称，保护环境是每个人的责任，以确保一个更加绿色的未来。
The mayor _______________________________________________
______________ to ensure a greener future.
declared that protecting the environment was everyone’s responsibility
3.urge n.强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→________
adj.紧急的；急迫的→________ n.紧急；急迫
(1)have/feel an urge to do sth.有强烈的欲望做某事
(2)urge sb. to do sth.催促某人做某事
urge that... (should) do sth. 极力主张/强调……做某事
It is urged that... (should) do sth. 极力主张/强调……做某事
urgent
urgency
①There’s an ______ (urge) need to improve public transportation in this area, as traffic jams have become a daily issue.
②看到那么多人，汤姆很尴尬，但他抑制住了想跑下台的冲动。(心理描写)
At the sight of so many people, Tom was embarrassed, but he held back _________________________.
urgent
the urge to run off the stage
③为了更好地保护我们的地球，我们必须敦促更多的人去反思他们自己的不当行为并且作出改变。
→To better protect our earth, we _____________________________
__________________________ and make changes.(urge sb. to do sth.)
→To better protect our earth, we _____________________________
________________________________ and make hanges.(urge that...)
must urge more people to reflect on their own improper behavior
must urge that more people (should) reflect on their own improper behaviort
4.take over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
take off起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功
take on呈现；雇用；承担
take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留
take up占用(时间)；占据(空间)；开始从事
take sth. for granted 认为……是理所当然的
①用take相关短语的正确形式填空
The father retired and Tom _________ his business. Tom ________
some bright ideas, such as _________ some experienced and devoted workers, which guaranteed that his business would ________ soon. Certainly, managing the firm _______ almost all his time. Tom was convinced that his firm would _______ a new look in the near future.
took over
took in
taking on
take off
took up
take on
②如果你把朋友的支持和帮助视为理所当然，那你也许不会有长久的友情。(主旨升华)
____________________________________________, you may not have a long-lasting friendship.
If you take your friends’ support and help for granted
1.dismiss
At the meeting, the manager firmly dismissed① the employee’s excuse and without hesitation, chose to dismiss② him for his misconduct, hoping this action would dismiss③ the negative impact it had brought. After the meeting, he dismissed④ the team early.
①__________________ 　②_____________ 　③_____________
④_______
vt.驳回，不予考虑
vt.解雇，开除
vt.摒除，消除
vt.解散
2.inch
He tried to inch① the heavy box closer to the door, but it only moved an inch② or two before getting stuck.
①______________________　②________
3.pace
The anxious professor paced① back and forth in his office, trying to keep his thoughts at a steady pace②， while the rhythmic tapping of his foot unconsciously set the pace③ for his racing mind.
①___________　②________　③_______
v.(使朝某方向)谨慎移动
n.英寸
v.来回踱步
n.速度
n.节奏
4.(2022· 浙江1月卷)The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list.
生义：___________
熟义：n.奖金，红利
5.I nailed the sign reading “keep off the grass” to a board to protect our lawn.
生义：____________________
熟义：n.钉子
n.意外收获
vt.(用钉子)钉牢，固定
6.She calculated that going to a stranger’s house was a risky move, but she decided to take the chance.
生义：_________
熟义：v.计算
v.预测
more... than... “与其说……倒不如说……”
[教材原句]　He seemed more like a human than a machine. 他看起来更像一个真人，而不太像一个机器。
more than＋数词，表示“超过；不止”，相当于over；
more than＋名词，意为“不只是；不仅仅是……”，相当于not only；
more than＋形容词/副词，意为“非常，很”，相当于very。
①这次经历与其说是恐惧的，不如说是令人兴奋的，在此期间，我的心一直在剧烈地跳动着。
The experience _____________________________, during which my heart beat violently the whole time.
was more exciting than frightening
②__________________________ (我会非常高兴) if you could come and join my birthday party at 7 p. m. next Friday at my home.
______________________________(将会有十几个朋友) present at the party. __________________________(派对不仅仅是为了好玩); it is also for mutual communication. So please accept my sincere invitation.(邀请信)
I would be more than delighted
There will be more than ten friends
The party is more than for fun
Part 2　基础知识达标
Ⅰ.语境填空
1.The guests all arrived at the ___________ (appoint) time, ready to celebrate the grand opening ceremony.
2.His personal beliefs often conflict _____ the company’s policies, leading to frequent disagreements.
3.They celebrate September 16 every year, the day when Mexico _________ (declare) independence from Spain.
4.The urge __________ (explore) new places and cultures drives me to travel frequently.
appointed
with
declared
to explore
5.This new software is superior ___ the old version in terms of speed, functionality, and user-friendliness.
6.The chemical factory’s __________ (explode)caused a massive fire, endangering nearby residents and the environment.
7.I go to the gym ___ a regular basis to maintain my fitness and improve my overall health.
8.She was ________ (stun) by the kindness and generosity of the strangers who helped her when she was in need.
to
explosion
on
stunned
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.当老师宣布我得了一等奖时，我觉得自己像在做梦。
When the teacher ____________________________, I felt like I was dreaming.
2.接着，我感到有一种要冲出教室的冲动，去和我父母分享我的快乐。
Then I ________________________________ to share my happiness with my parents.
declared that I had won first prize
felt an urge to rush out of the classroom
3.我妈妈表扬了我，说我与其说是聪明倒不如说是勤奋。
My mom praised me, saying that ___________________________.
I was more diligent than clever
Part 3　写作能力培优
培优1　应用文增分练——科幻小说
根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。
Time travel, alien invasions, and artificial intelligence have always been popular themes in science fiction. However, these were never the exclusive domains of sci-fi writers. Some scientists also long to (用本单元词汇替换黑体词：①________________) explore these themes ②_________________ (在科学的基础上). Take time travel as an example. Many fascinating stories based on time travel
have an urge to
on a scientific basis
go either backwards or forwards in time. However, the former is not really an option. The world-famous scientist Stephen Hawking once explained that travelling into the past would ③_____________ (与……相冲突) the basic rule that cause comes before effect. But
④_____________________________________ (前往未来旅行是可能的；it作形式主语) in a vastly advanced spaceship approaching the speed of light. In addition to the question of time travel, Hawking also expressed his opinions on alien invasions and AI development.
conflict with
it would be possible to travel into the future
⑤______________________________________________________
_________ (当许多科学家和学者还在争论利弊时；when引导时间状语从句) of alien existence and AI development, Hawking said he believed aliens would invade Earth, and ⑥_____________________
___________________________________ (人类最终会被人工智能和机器人取代).
When many scientists and scholars were still arguing about the pros and cons
that humans would eventually be taken over by AI and robots
教材语料运用　【亲情(四)】
当我得知我儿子和他的其中一个同学发生了冲突时，我勃然大怒。他是如此委屈和惊愕，以至于他站在那里一动不动，泪水模糊了他的双眼。知道真相是我的儿子不该受责备后，我内疚地在房间里来回踱步。我强烈渴望得到儿子的原谅。我向儿子的卧室走去，敲门，然后大步走进房间，表明我不会再这样对待他了。
培优2　读后续写提能练
When I learned that my son had conflicted with one of his classmates, I 1._________________. So aggrieved and stunned was he that he stood rooted to the spot, 2.__________________________
(with复合结构). After knowing the truth that my son was not to blame, I paced around the room guiltily. 3._____________________
__________________________. I headed for my son’s bedroom, 4.______________________________________ (动作链), declaring that I wouldn’t treat him like that again.
exploded with anger
with tears blurring his eyes
I had a strong urge to gain my son’s forgiveness
knocked at the door and strode into the roomUNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
主题语境　文学与艺术
Part 1　核心考点突破
1．guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→guilt n．内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行
(1)be guilty of犯有……罪
be/feel guilty for/at/about... 对/为……感到内疚/有愧
(2)a sense of guilt愧疚感
①The factory owner, who dumped waste into the river, will be guilty of polluting the environment and receive a heavy fine.
②意识到自己的行为伤害了这个可怜的女孩，这个男孩有一种深深的愧疚感。(情感描写)
Realizing that his behaviour hurt the poor girl, the boy was overwhelmed by a deep sense of guilt.
2．declare vt.表明；宣称；公布→declaration n．宣告；声明
declare... to be/as... 宣布……为……
declare for/against声明支持/反对……
declare war on/against... 对……宣战
declare that... 宣告/宣称……
①All the residents in this community declared for garbage-sorting in new efforts to better protect their living environment.
②1939年，德国向其邻国波兰宣战，这标志着第二次世界大战的爆发。
In 1939，Germany declared war on/against its neighboring country, Poland, marking the outbreak of World War Ⅱ.
③市长宣称，保护环境是每个人的责任，以确保一个更加绿色的未来。
The mayor declared that protecting the environment was everyone’s responsibility to ensure a greener future.
3．urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的→urgency n．紧急；急迫
(1)have/feel an urge to do sth. 有强烈的欲望做某事
(2)urge sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事
urge that... (should) do sth. 极力主张/强调……做某事
It is urged that... (should) do sth. 极力主张/强调……做某事
①There’s an urgent (urge) need to improve public transportation in this area, as traffic jams have become a daily issue.
②看到那么多人，汤姆很尴尬，但他抑制住了想跑下台的冲动。(心理描写)
At the sight of so many people, Tom was embarrassed, but he held back the urge to run off the stage.
③为了更好地保护我们的地球，我们必须敦促更多的人去反思他们自己的不当行为并且作出改变。
→To better protect our earth, we must urge more people to reflect on their own improper behavior and make changes.(urge sb. to do sth.)
→To better protect our earth, we must urge that more people (should) reflect on their own improper behavior and make changes.(urge that...)
4．take over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
take off起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功
take on呈现；雇用；承担
take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留
take up占用(时间)；占据(空间)；开始从事
take sth. for granted 认为……是理所当然的
①用take相关短语的正确形式填空
The father retired and Tom took over his business. Tom took in some bright ideas, such as taking on some experienced and devoted workers, which guaranteed that his business would take off soon. Certainly, managing the firm took up almost all his time. Tom was convinced that his firm would take on a new look in the near future.
②如果你把朋友的支持和帮助视为理所当然，那你也许不会有长久的友情。(主旨升华)
If you take your friends’ support and help for granted, you may not have a long-lasting friendship.
1．dismiss
At the meeting, the manager firmly dismissed① the employee’s excuse and without hesitation, chose to dismiss② him for his misconduct, hoping this action would dismiss③ the negative impact it had brought. After the meeting, he dismissed④ the team early.
①vt.驳回，不予考虑 　②vt.解雇，开除 　③vt.摒除，消除 　④vt.解散
2．inch
He tried to inch① the heavy box closer to the door, but it only moved an inch② or two before getting stuck.
①v.(使朝某方向)谨慎移动　②n.英寸
3．pace
The anxious professor paced① back and forth in his office, trying to keep his thoughts at a steady pace②， while the rhythmic tapping of his foot unconsciously set the pace③ for his racing mind.
①v.来回踱步　②n.速度　③n.节奏
4．(2022· 浙江1月卷)The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list.
生义：n.意外收获
熟义：n.奖金，红利
5．I nailed the sign reading “keep off the grass” to a board to protect our lawn.
生义：vt.(用钉子)钉牢，固定
熟义：n.钉子
6．She calculated that going to a stranger’s house was a risky move, but she decided to take the chance.
生义： v．预测
熟义：v.计算
more... than... “与其说……倒不如说……”
[教材原句]　He seemed more like a human than a machine. 他看起来更像一个真人，而不太像一个机器。
more than＋数词，表示“超过；不止”，相当于over；
more than＋名词，意为“不只是；不仅仅是……”，相当于not only；
more than＋形容词/副词，意为“非常，很”，相当于very。
①这次经历与其说是恐惧的，不如说是令人兴奋的，在此期间，我的心一直在剧烈地跳动着。
The experience was more exciting than frightening, during which my heart beat violently the whole time.
②I would be more than delighted (我会非常高兴) if you could come and join my birthday party at 7 p. m. next Friday at my home. There will be more than ten friends (将会有十几个朋友) present at the party. The party is more than for fun (派对不仅仅是为了好玩); it is also for mutual communication. So please accept my sincere invitation.(邀请信)
Part 2　基础知识达标
Ⅰ.语境填空
1．The guests all arrived at the appointed (appoint) time, ready to celebrate the grand opening ceremony.
2．His personal beliefs often conflict with the company’s policies, leading to frequent disagreements.
3．They celebrate September 16 every year, the day when Mexico declared (declare) independence from Spain.
4．The urge to explore (explore) new places and cultures drives me to travel frequently.
5．This new software is superior to the old version in terms of speed, functionality, and user-friendliness.
6．The chemical factory’s explosion (explode)caused a massive fire, endangering nearby residents and the environment.
7．I go to the gym on a regular basis to maintain my fitness and improve my overall health.
8．She was stunned (stun) by the kindness and generosity of the strangers who helped her when she was in need.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．当老师宣布我得了一等奖时，我觉得自己像在做梦。
When the teacher declared that I had won first prize, I felt like I was dreaming.
2．接着，我感到有一种要冲出教室的冲动，去和我父母分享我的快乐。
Then I felt an urge to rush out of the classroom to share my happiness with my parents.
3．我妈妈表扬了我，说我与其说是聪明倒不如说是勤奋。
My mom praised me, saying that I was more diligent than clever．
Part 3　写作能力培优
培优1　应用文增分练——科幻小说
根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。
Time travel, alien invasions, and artificial intelligence have always been popular themes in science fiction. However, these were never the exclusive domains of sci-fi writers. Some scientists also long to (用本单元词汇替换黑体词：①have an urge to) explore these themes ②on a scientific basis (在科学的基础上). Take time travel as an example. Many fascinating stories based on time travel go either backwards or forwards in time. However, the former is not really an option. The world-famous scientist Stephen Hawking once explained that travelling into the past would ③conflict with (与……相冲突) the basic rule that cause comes before effect. But ④it would be possible to travel into the future (前往未来旅行是可能的；it作形式主语) in a vastly advanced spaceship approaching the speed of light. In addition to the question of time travel, Hawking also expressed his opinions on alien invasions and AI development. ⑤When many scientists and scholars were still arguing about the pros and cons (当许多科学家和学者还在争论利弊时；when引导时间状语从句) of alien existence and AI development, Hawking said he believed aliens would invade Earth, and ⑥that humans would eventually be taken over by AI and robots (人类最终会被人工智能和机器人取代).
培优2　读后续写提能练
教材语料运用　【亲情(四)】
当我得知我儿子和他的其中一个同学发生了冲突时，我勃然大怒。他是如此委屈和惊愕，以至于他站在那里一动不动，泪水模糊了他的双眼。知道真相是我的儿子不该受责备后，我内疚地在房间里来回踱步。我强烈渴望得到儿子的原谅。我向儿子的卧室走去，敲门，然后大步走进房间，表明我不会再这样对待他了。
When I learned that my son had conflicted with one of his classmates, I 1.exploded with anger. So aggrieved and stunned was he that he stood rooted to the spot, 2.with tears blurring his eyes (with复合结构). After knowing the truth that my son was not to blame, I paced around the room guiltily. 3.I had a strong urge to gain my son’s forgiveness. I headed for my son’s bedroom, 4.knocked at the door and strode into the room (动作链), declaring that I wouldn’t treat him like that again.
课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·江苏南通等七市联考)Next time you’re walking through a park on a hot day, take a moment to sit under a big old tree. You’ll find that the temperature is something like 2 ℃ cooler than if you were beneath an umbrella. Why Because a mature tree releases a massive amount of water from its leaves, which cools the surrounding air, just like the way sweating cools our bodies down.
So a single tree influences the microclimate around it—but what about an entire forest That’s the question explored in The Power of Trees by German forester Peter Wohlleben. He writes about trees, ecosystems, roots and the many creatures who live in and among them in a fresh, lively way. He believes forests and trees make decisions about their survival, protect and look after their young.
For readers, some of this language is familiar, and some may know that this style has been a source of derision (嘲笑) in the past. However, it’s this down-to-earth, conversational style that makes the book come to life and makes complex science accessible. He explains processes, such as the way trees access and use sugars at different times of the year, in simple, everyday terms.
Wohlleben writes in a calm style, but he can’t hide his anger with the way people today—including many environmentalists—now “think of trees as little more than biological storage units for carbon dioxide either while they are alive or when they are dead”. This narrow perspective ignores the vast beneficial effects that forests generate for global temperature management. His claims and criticisms are backed by emerging science and new research, as well as practical observations of how the presence of forests changes the landscape nearby.
This book is wise and thought-provoking. In his chapter highlighting the role of wolves as top predators (捕食者) in preserving the forest, Wohlleben writes: “We can come at protecting forests from whatever direction we want, but the results are always the same. We must put less pressure on nature by exploiting (开发) it less. We must strengthen forests by allowing them to take care of themselves.”
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇书评。文章主要介绍了德国护林员Peter Wohlleben的著作《树木的力量》。书中探讨了森林对微气候的影响、树木的生存智慧以及人类对森林的狭隘认知，并以通俗易懂的语言阐释了复杂的科学原理。
1．What does The Power of Trees explore
A.Temperature management.
B．The loss of water in leaves.
C．Formation of microclimates.
D．The vital role that forests play.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“That’s the question explored in The Power of Trees... He writes about trees, ecosystems, roots and the many creatures who live in and among them in a fresh, lively way. He believes forests and trees make decisions about their survival”可知，该书聚焦森林的核心作用。故选D。
2．Which can describe the language in the book
A．Complex. 　　　　　　　B．Fancy.
C．Approachable. D．Professional.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“it’s this down-to-earth, conversational style that makes the book come to life”和“in simple, everyday terms(用简单的日常用语)”可知，这本书的语言风格平易近人。故选C。
3．How does Wohlleben deal with people’s narrow perspective on forests
A．He treats it lightly.
B．He turns a deaf ear to it.
C．He refers to it selectively.
D．He argues against it convincingly.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“His claims and criticisms are backed by emerging science and new research, as well as practical observations of how the presence of forests changes the landscape nearby. (他的主张和批评得到了新兴科学研究和实地观察的支撑，也有对森林的存在如何改变周边地貌的实地观察作为依据)”可推知，作者用科学论据有力反驳了狭隘观点。故选D。
4．What does Wohlleben suggest for protecting forests
A.Fighting climate change.
B．Leaving them alone.
C．Returning farmland to forest.
D．Driving wolves away.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“We must strengthen forests by allowing them to take care of themselves. (我们必须通过让森林自我管理来加强它们)”可知，作者主张减少人为干预。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·湖北武汉二调)Since the beginning of my Ph.D., my life had been packed with activities.Besides working full time on my own research, I 1 my colleagues’ experiments by helping with tasks like data analysis.I attended every course that I could, believing my ability to 2 a tight schedule was a measure of my 3 ．
However, behind my busyness lay an undeniable truth—I was burned out.My attention was 4 —I couldn’t put my best effort into all the 5 ．
Then after a major error in my research paper, a colleague came and 6 ， “You need to improve your working approach, but more importantly, you need to 7 ．” I took his advice.I purchased a separate work phone, which I would leave 8 in the evenings.I also started to set clear 9 around my work hours and became more 10 about the projects I took on.
Initially, I felt I was doing something that might 11 my career.But my priorities became clearer as I took more time to 12 and reflect on my work. 13 ， I realized I really liked writing the thesis and put more time and effort into it.Ultimately, this 14 made me more productive.
Creating space for yourself isn’t a sign of 15 ； it’s a way to focus on what truly matters to you.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在攻读博士学位期间从过度工作到学会平衡工作与生活的转变过程。
1．A.graded　　　　　　　　 B．aided
C．funded D．scheduled
答案：B
解析：根据下文“by helping with tasks like data analysis”可知，作者通过帮忙做数据分析等任务协助(aided)同事做实验。
2．A.assign B．manage
C．delay D．decline
答案：B
解析：根据上文“I attended every course that I could”可知，作者上了所能上的每一门课程，他这样做是因为相信自己有管理(manage)紧凑日程的能力。
3．A.patience B．competence
C．knowledge D．ambition
答案：B
解析：此处表示作者相信管理紧凑日程是对自己能力(competence)的一种衡量。
4．A.drawn B．focused
C．divided D．directed
答案：C
解析：根据上文“I was burned out.”以及下文“I couldn’t put my best effort...”可知，作者精力耗尽了，注意力被分散了(divided)。
5．A.achievements B．courses
C．rewards D．tasks
答案：D
解析：根据第一段的内容可知，作者既要完成自己的研究，又要协助同事做实验，这些都是作者的任务(tasks)。
6．A.ordered B．blamed
C．suggested D．investigated
答案：C
解析：根据下文“I took his advice.”可知，同事给作者提了建议。
7．A.slow down B．hang on
C．cheer up D．fight back
答案：A
解析：根据上文可知，作者在承担自己的研究工作的同时也帮助他人，耗尽了精力。因此同事建议他慢下来(slow down)。
8．A.untouched B．uncharged
C．unpaid D．unlocked
答案：A
解析：根据上文“I purchased a separate work phone”可知，作者买了专门用于工作的手机，而他这样做是为了将工作与生活分开，因此这里表示晚上不碰(untouched)这部手机。
9．A.guidelines B．deadlines
C．goals D．boundaries
答案：D
解析：根据上文作者晚上不使用工作手机可知，作者开始为工作时间设定明确的界限(boundaries)。
10．A.selective B．curious
C．confident D．anxious
答案：A
解析：根据上文作者为工作时间设定明确的界限以及最后一段作者的感悟“为自己创造空间是一种专注于对自己真正重要的事情的方式”可知，作者对自己承担的项目变得更有选择性(selective)。
11．A.launch B．improve
C．affect D．lengthen
答案：C
解析：doing something指作者为工作时间设定界限，对项目精挑细选的做法。此处表示作者最初觉得自己做的这些事情可能会影响(affect)自己的职业生涯。
12．A.research B．experiment
C．breathe D．battle
答案：C
解析：空后的reflect on my work表明作者在反思自己的工作。由此推断，作者有了更多时间“放松”，breathe的原意是“呼吸”，在这里引申为“放松，调整状态”。
13．A.For instance B．In addition
C．By contrast D．As always
答案：A
解析：根据下文“I realized I really liked writing the thesis and put more time and effort into it”可知，作者有了自己真正喜欢的事情并投入了很多时间。这是对上文的举例说明。故选A。
14．A.belief B．training
C．purchase D．change
答案：D
解析：此处表示这个改变(change)让作者更有效率了。
15．A.showing off B．breaking down
C．fading away D．falling behind
答案：D
解析：此处表示为自己创造空间并不意味着落后(falling behind)，它是一种专注于对你真正重要的事情的方法。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·河南郑州外国语学校调研)Math and literature are probably two of the subjects that bring students headaches.However，scientists wonder 1. the beauty of math can be found in literary works.Once Upon a Prime: The Wondrous Connections Between Mathematics and Literature, a book 2. (publish) recently by UK mathematician Sarah Hart, presents some interesting thoughts about “three”. She argues that the beauty of this number is indeed evident in many works of western literature and languages in general.
“Three” is the minimum number 3. which a two-dimensional shape can be defined.For example，three sticks can create a triangle, a stable structure. Many common phrases are in three words, such as “ready, set, go”. In stories, there are usually three main characters, such as Harry，Ron and Hermione in the Harry Potter series. For a series of novels, there are usually three books rather than four，according to Hart.
Why is it always the third son who 4. (behave) differently from his two older brothers, thus 5. (win) the princess？“The reason for this，” Hart explains，“is obvious. We require two 6. (repeat) to get to know the pattern，so that the breaking of the pattern in the third character can surprise or amuse us.”
Similarly，another study by researchers at the University of Vermont also connected math and storytelling.They analyzed more than 1，300 fiction books and arranged for 10，000 words from the books 7. (rate) by 50 participants on a happiness scale of 1 to 9. Then the ratings 8. (categorize) into different graphs，which showed how the readers’ emotions changed while reading. It turned out that each story fit 9. (perfect) into one of six basic graphs, a mathematical pattern.
“The idea 10. one would have to choose between mathematics and literature is something of a tragedy，” Hart says.“The two fields are fundamentally linked.”
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数学和文学之间的关系，二者其实是紧密相连的。
1．答案：whether/if
解析：考查连词。句意：然而，科学家们想知道数学之美是否能在文学作品中被找到。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作动词wonder 的宾语；从句的句子结构完整，结合“wonder”及句意可知，这里应是表达疑问语气，用whether或if引导该从句。故填whether/if。
2．答案：published
解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应填非谓语动词形式作后置定语，动词 publish 与逻辑主语a book之间为动宾关系，用过去分词形式。故填published。
3．答案：with
解析：考查介词。句意：“三”是可以用来定义二维形状的最小数字。“3. which a two-dimensional shape can be defined”为定语从句，关系代词为 which，因此空处应是介词；结合从句中的“be defined”可知，这里是短语“be defined with sth.”意为“用……来定义”，介词with置于从句关系代词之前。故填 with。
4．答案：behaves
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：为什么总是第三个儿子的表现不同于他的两个哥哥，从而赢得了公主的芳心？分析句子结构可知，空处在who引导的定语从句中作谓语；由空前主句的be动词is可知，此处也应用一般现在时；从句主语who指代先行词“the third son”，为第三人称单数，故空处用单数。故填behaves。
5．答案：winning
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意见上题。此处的thus为副词，故此处应填非谓语动词形式；结合句意可知，“thus 5. (win) the princess”为结果状语，从句主语who指代the third son，与动词win之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，空处应用现在分词形式，表示自然而然的结果。故填winning。
6．答案：repetitions
解析：考查词性转换。句意：Hart解释道：“原因很明显。我们需要两次重复来了解这个模式，这样第三个人物打破模式就会给我们带来惊喜或乐趣。”根据空前的two可知，这里用名词复数形式，作动词require的宾语。repeat的名词形式为repetition，可作可数名词，这里应用复数形式。故填repetitions。
7．答案：to be rated
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他们分析了1 300多本小说，让50名参与者对这些书中的1万个单词按照从1到9的快乐程度打分。此处考查固定用法“arrange for sb./sth.to do sth.”，意为“安排某人/某物做某事”；结合句意可知，此处表示这些单词被50名参与者打分，所以应用不定式的被动形式。故填to be rated。
8．答案：were categorized
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：然后，将这些评分分类成不同的图表，这些图表显示了读者在阅读时的情绪变化。分析句子结构可知，空处在主句中作谓语；由定语从句的谓语showed可知，此处也应用一般过去时；主语 the ratings与categorize之间为被动关系，空处应用被动语态；主语为复数形式，be动词要用were。故填were categorized。
9．答案：perfectly
解析：考查词性转换。空处修饰动词fit，应用副词形式；perfect的副词形式为 perfectly。故填perfectly。
10．答案：that
解析：考查同位语从句。句意：Hart说：“人们必须在数学和文学之间做出选择的想法是一种悲剧。这两个领域从根本上是联系在一起的。”分析句子结构可知，主句主干为“The idea is something of a tragedy”，结合句意可知，空处引导同位语从句，解释说明the idea的内容，从句结构和句意完整，故用that引导同位语从句。故填that。课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·江苏南通等七市联考)Next time you’re walking through a park on a hot day, take a moment to sit under a big old tree. You’ll find that the temperature is something like 2 ℃ cooler than if you were beneath an umbrella. Why Because a mature tree releases a massive amount of water from its leaves, which cools the surrounding air, just like the way sweating cools our bodies down.
So a single tree influences the microclimate around it—but what about an entire forest That’s the question explored in The Power of Trees by German forester Peter Wohlleben. He writes about trees, ecosystems, roots and the many creatures who live in and among them in a fresh, lively way. He believes forests and trees make decisions about their survival, protect and look after their young.
For readers, some of this language is familiar, and some may know that this style has been a source of derision (嘲笑) in the past. However, it’s this down-to-earth, conversational style that makes the book come to life and makes complex science accessible. He explains processes, such as the way trees access and use sugars at different times of the year, in simple, everyday terms.
Wohlleben writes in a calm style, but he can’t hide his anger with the way people today—including many environmentalists—now “think of trees as little more than biological storage units for carbon dioxide either while they are alive or when they are dead”. This narrow perspective ignores the vast beneficial effects that forests generate for global temperature management. His claims and criticisms are backed by emerging science and new research, as well as practical observations of how the presence of forests changes the landscape nearby.
This book is wise and thought-provoking. In his chapter highlighting the role of wolves as top predators (捕食者) in preserving the forest, Wohlleben writes: “We can come at protecting forests from whatever direction we want, but the results are always the same. We must put less pressure on nature by exploiting (开发) it less. We must strengthen forests by allowing them to take care of themselves.”
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇书评。文章主要介绍了德国护林员Peter Wohlleben的著作《树木的力量》。书中探讨了森林对微气候的影响、树木的生存智慧以及人类对森林的狭隘认知，并以通俗易懂的语言阐释了复杂的科学原理。
1．What does The Power of Trees explore
A.Temperature management.
B．The loss of water in leaves.
C．Formation of microclimates.
D．The vital role that forests play.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“That’s the question explored in The Power of Trees... He writes about trees, ecosystems, roots and the many creatures who live in and among them in a fresh, lively way. He believes forests and trees make decisions about their survival”可知，该书聚焦森林的核心作用。故选D。
2．Which can describe the language in the book
A．Complex. 　　　　　　　B．Fancy.
C．Approachable. D．Professional.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“it’s this down-to-earth, conversational style that makes the book come to life”和“in simple, everyday terms(用简单的日常用语)”可知，这本书的语言风格平易近人。故选C。
3．How does Wohlleben deal with people’s narrow perspective on forests
A．He treats it lightly.
B．He turns a deaf ear to it.
C．He refers to it selectively.
D．He argues against it convincingly.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“His claims and criticisms are backed by emerging science and new research, as well as practical observations of how the presence of forests changes the landscape nearby. (他的主张和批评得到了新兴科学研究和实地观察的支撑，也有对森林的存在如何改变周边地貌的实地观察作为依据)”可推知，作者用科学论据有力反驳了狭隘观点。故选D。
4．What does Wohlleben suggest for protecting forests
A.Fighting climate change.
B．Leaving them alone.
C．Returning farmland to forest.
D．Driving wolves away.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“We must strengthen forests by allowing them to take care of themselves. (我们必须通过让森林自我管理来加强它们)”可知，作者主张减少人为干预。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·湖北武汉二调)Since the beginning of my Ph.D., my life had been packed with activities.Besides working full time on my own research, I 1 my colleagues’ experiments by helping with tasks like data analysis.I attended every course that I could, believing my ability to 2 a tight schedule was a measure of my 3 ．
However, behind my busyness lay an undeniable truth—I was burned out.My attention was 4 —I couldn’t put my best effort into all the 5 ．
Then after a major error in my research paper, a colleague came and 6 ， “You need to improve your working approach, but more importantly, you need to 7 ．” I took his advice.I purchased a separate work phone, which I would leave 8 in the evenings.I also started to set clear 9 around my work hours and became more 10 about the projects I took on.
Initially, I felt I was doing something that might 11 my career.But my priorities became clearer as I took more time to 12 and reflect on my work. 13 ， I realized I really liked writing the thesis and put more time and effort into it.Ultimately, this 14 made me more productive.
Creating space for yourself isn’t a sign of 15 ； it’s a way to focus on what truly matters to you.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在攻读博士学位期间从过度工作到学会平衡工作与生活的转变过程。
1．A.graded　　　　　　　　 B．aided
C．funded D．scheduled
答案：B
解析：根据下文“by helping with tasks like data analysis”可知，作者通过帮忙做数据分析等任务协助(aided)同事做实验。
2．A.assign B．manage
C．delay D．decline
答案：B
解析：根据上文“I attended every course that I could”可知，作者上了所能上的每一门课程，他这样做是因为相信自己有管理(manage)紧凑日程的能力。
3．A.patience B．competence
C．knowledge D．ambition
答案：B
解析：此处表示作者相信管理紧凑日程是对自己能力(competence)的一种衡量。
4．A.drawn B．focused
C．divided D．directed
答案：C
解析：根据上文“I was burned out.”以及下文“I couldn’t put my best effort...”可知，作者精力耗尽了，注意力被分散了(divided)。
5．A.achievements B．courses
C．rewards D．tasks
答案：D
解析：根据第一段的内容可知，作者既要完成自己的研究，又要协助同事做实验，这些都是作者的任务(tasks)。
6．A.ordered B．blamed
C．suggested D．investigated
答案：C
解析：根据下文“I took his advice.”可知，同事给作者提了建议。
7．A.slow down B．hang on
C．cheer up D．fight back
答案：A
解析：根据上文可知，作者在承担自己的研究工作的同时也帮助他人，耗尽了精力。因此同事建议他慢下来(slow down)。
8．A.untouched B．uncharged
C．unpaid D．unlocked
答案：A
解析：根据上文“I purchased a separate work phone”可知，作者买了专门用于工作的手机，而他这样做是为了将工作与生活分开，因此这里表示晚上不碰(untouched)这部手机。
9．A.guidelines B．deadlines
C．goals D．boundaries
答案：D
解析：根据上文作者晚上不使用工作手机可知，作者开始为工作时间设定明确的界限(boundaries)。
10．A.selective B．curious
C．confident D．anxious
答案：A
解析：根据上文作者为工作时间设定明确的界限以及最后一段作者的感悟“为自己创造空间是一种专注于对自己真正重要的事情的方式”可知，作者对自己承担的项目变得更有选择性(selective)。
11．A.launch B．improve
C．affect D．lengthen
答案：C
解析：doing something指作者为工作时间设定界限，对项目精挑细选的做法。此处表示作者最初觉得自己做的这些事情可能会影响(affect)自己的职业生涯。
12．A.research B．experiment
C．breathe D．battle
答案：C
解析：空后的reflect on my work表明作者在反思自己的工作。由此推断，作者有了更多时间“放松”，breathe的原意是“呼吸”，在这里引申为“放松，调整状态”。
13．A.For instance B．In addition
C．By contrast D．As always
答案：A
解析：根据下文“I realized I really liked writing the thesis and put more time and effort into it”可知，作者有了自己真正喜欢的事情并投入了很多时间。这是对上文的举例说明。故选A。
14．A.belief B．training
C．purchase D．change
答案：D
解析：此处表示这个改变(change)让作者更有效率了。
15．A.showing off B．breaking down
C．fading away D．falling behind
答案：D
解析：此处表示为自己创造空间并不意味着落后(falling behind)，它是一种专注于对你真正重要的事情的方法。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·河南郑州外国语学校调研)Math and literature are probably two of the subjects that bring students headaches.However，scientists wonder 1. the beauty of math can be found in literary works.Once Upon a Prime: The Wondrous Connections Between Mathematics and Literature, a book 2. (publish) recently by UK mathematician Sarah Hart, presents some interesting thoughts about “three”. She argues that the beauty of this number is indeed evident in many works of western literature and languages in general.
“Three” is the minimum number 3. which a two-dimensional shape can be defined.For example，three sticks can create a triangle, a stable structure. Many common phrases are in three words, such as “ready, set, go”. In stories, there are usually three main characters, such as Harry，Ron and Hermione in the Harry Potter series. For a series of novels, there are usually three books rather than four，according to Hart.
Why is it always the third son who 4. (behave) differently from his two older brothers, thus 5. (win) the princess？“The reason for this，” Hart explains，“is obvious. We require two 6. (repeat) to get to know the pattern，so that the breaking of the pattern in the third character can surprise or amuse us.”
Similarly，another study by researchers at the University of Vermont also connected math and storytelling.They analyzed more than 1，300 fiction books and arranged for 10，000 words from the books 7. (rate) by 50 participants on a happiness scale of 1 to 9. Then the ratings 8. (categorize) into different graphs，which showed how the readers’ emotions changed while reading. It turned out that each story fit 9. (perfect) into one of six basic graphs, a mathematical pattern.
“The idea 10. one would have to choose between mathematics and literature is something of a tragedy，” Hart says.“The two fields are fundamentally linked.”
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数学和文学之间的关系，二者其实是紧密相连的。
1．答案：whether/if
解析：考查连词。句意：然而，科学家们想知道数学之美是否能在文学作品中被找到。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作动词wonder 的宾语；从句的句子结构完整，结合“wonder”及句意可知，这里应是表达疑问语气，用whether或if引导该从句。故填whether/if。
2．答案：published
解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应填非谓语动词形式作后置定语，动词 publish 与逻辑主语a book之间为动宾关系，用过去分词形式。故填published。
3．答案：with
解析：考查介词。句意：“三”是可以用来定义二维形状的最小数字。“3. which a two-dimensional shape can be defined”为定语从句，关系代词为 which，因此空处应是介词；结合从句中的“be defined”可知，这里是短语“be defined with sth.”意为“用……来定义”，介词with置于从句关系代词之前。故填 with。
4．答案：behaves
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：为什么总是第三个儿子的表现不同于他的两个哥哥，从而赢得了公主的芳心？分析句子结构可知，空处在who引导的定语从句中作谓语；由空前主句的be动词is可知，此处也应用一般现在时；从句主语who指代先行词“the third son”，为第三人称单数，故空处用单数。故填behaves。
5．答案：winning
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意见上题。此处的thus为副词，故此处应填非谓语动词形式；结合句意可知，“thus 5. (win) the princess”为结果状语，从句主语who指代the third son，与动词win之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，空处应用现在分词形式，表示自然而然的结果。故填winning。
6．答案：repetitions
解析：考查词性转换。句意：Hart解释道：“原因很明显。我们需要两次重复来了解这个模式，这样第三个人物打破模式就会给我们带来惊喜或乐趣。”根据空前的two可知，这里用名词复数形式，作动词require的宾语。repeat的名词形式为repetition，可作可数名词，这里应用复数形式。故填repetitions。
7．答案：to be rated
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他们分析了1 300多本小说，让50名参与者对这些书中的1万个单词按照从1到9的快乐程度打分。此处考查固定用法“arrange for sb./sth.to do sth.”，意为“安排某人/某物做某事”；结合句意可知，此处表示这些单词被50名参与者打分，所以应用不定式的被动形式。故填to be rated。
8．答案：were categorized
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：然后，将这些评分分类成不同的图表，这些图表显示了读者在阅读时的情绪变化。分析句子结构可知，空处在主句中作谓语；由定语从句的谓语showed可知，此处也应用一般过去时；主语 the ratings与categorize之间为被动关系，空处应用被动语态；主语为复数形式，be动词要用were。故填were categorized。
9．答案：perfectly
解析：考查词性转换。空处修饰动词fit，应用副词形式；perfect的副词形式为 perfectly。故填perfectly。
10．答案：that
解析：考查同位语从句。句意：Hart说：“人们必须在数学和文学之间做出选择的想法是一种悲剧。这两个领域从根本上是联系在一起的。”分析句子结构可知，主句主干为“The idea is something of a tragedy”，结合句意可知，空处引导同位语从句，解释说明the idea的内容，从句结构和句意完整，故用that引导同位语从句。故填that。

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