资源简介

(共37张PPT)
第一部分 教材梳理篇
UNIT 5 THE VALUE OF MONEY
主题语境　优秀品行、正确的人生态度
内容索引
NEIRONGSUOYIN
Part 1　核心考点突破
Part 2　基础知识达标
Part 3　写作能力培优
Part 1　核心考点突破
1.apologise (also apologize)vi.道歉；谢罪→_____________ n.道歉
(1)apologise to sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事向某人道歉
(2)make an apology to sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事向某人道歉
owe sb. an apology应向某人道歉
①I really owe you an ___________________ (apologize) for not accompanying you to the gallery at our appointed time.
apology
apology
②我写信向你致以真诚的歉意，因为我没能如期参加你的生日聚会。(道歉信)
I am writing to ____________________________________________
_________________________________ as scheduled.
make a sincere apology/sincerely apologise to you for failing to attend your birthday party
③希望您能接受我的道歉并理解我的处境。如果您能允许我另安排时间,我将不胜感激。（道歉信）
Hope ___________________________ and understand my situation. I would appreciate it if you could allow me to fix another time.
you can accept my apology
2.judge vt.& vi.评价；评判；判断 n.法官；审判员；裁判员→_____________________ n.判断力；评价
(1)judge... by... 根据……来判断……
as far as I can judge据我判断，我认为
judging by/from... 根据……判断
(2)make a judg(e)ment on/about... 对……作出评价
①____________ (judge) from his excited expression, he must have received some good news.
judgement/judgment
Judging
②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)我认为，在公园里上的这堂艺术课非常有意义，我们学生从中受益很多。
_______________________________________________________, from which we students benefited a lot.
③我从这次经历中意识到：永远不要以貌取人，因为真正的美来自内心。(主旨升华)
I realized from this experience that ___________________________
_____________________________________, for true beauty comes from the inside.
As far as I can judge, the art class in the park was very meaningful
never judge people by their
appearances/never judge a book by its cover
3.spot vt.看见；注意到；发现 n.地点；处所；斑点；污迹
(1)spot sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事
be spotted with... 满是……的斑点
(2)on the spot当场；立即；在现场
①Seeing the scene, everyone ______ the spot felt so terrified, and their eyes were wild with terror.
on
②当我走过邻居家时，我看见他正在后院里做园艺工作，他的双手熟练地挥舞着铲子。
___________________________________________ as I walked past his house, his hands skillfully wielding the shovel.
③我们躺在草地上，凝视着闪烁着星星的夜空。(环境描写)
We lay on the grass, staring at the night sky _____________________
_________________.
I spotted my neighbor gardening in his backyard
(which was) spotted
with twinkling stars
4.hesitate vi.犹豫；迟疑；顾虑→______________ n.犹豫；迟疑→______________ adj.犹豫的；不情愿的
(1)hesitate about/over... 对……犹豫
hesitate to do sth. 迟疑做某事，不愿做某事
(2)without hesitation毫不犹豫地
①I’m hesitating _______________ whether to accept the job offer, as it means moving to another city.
hesitation
hesitant
about/over
②每当我遇到麻烦时，你都会毫不犹豫地来帮助我。我无法用语言来表达我对你的感激。
Whenever I am in trouble, you will come to my assistance ____________________. Words fail to express my gratitude to you.
③如果还有什么我能为你做的，请不要犹豫，直接告诉我。(建议信)
If there is something else I can do for you, ______________________
__________.
without hesitation
please don’t hesitate to
tell me
5.manner n.举止；行为方式；方法；[pl.]礼貌；礼仪
in a(n)... manner用一种……的方式；带着一副……的样子
It is good/bad manners to do sth. 做某事是有/没有礼貌的。
table manners餐桌礼仪
①He solved the problem ______ a creative manner, coming up with an innovative solution.
in
②当你拜访一个中国朋友的时候，带礼物是有礼貌的。吃饭时，你也应该注意你的餐桌礼仪。(中国礼仪)
______________________________ when you visit a Chinese friend. At dinner, _______________________________________________.
It’s good manners to bring a gift
you should also pay attention to your table manners
6.permit vt.& vi.准许；允许；使有可能 n.许可证→ _____________ n.准许；许可；批准；许可证
(1)permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
permit (doing) sth. 允许(做)某事
(2)with/without (one’s) permission得到/未经(某人的)允许
①Much to my disappointment, the security guards didn’t permit my ___________ (bring) a camera.
permission
bringing
②未经允许，任何人不得在博物馆内对展品拍照。(通知)
No one ___________________________ the exhibits in the museum _______________________.
③如果天气允许，比赛将于本周五下午2点至5点在学校体育场举行。
___________________________________, the competition will be held in the school stadium from 2 p.m. to 5 p. m. this Friday.
is permitted to take photos of
without permission
Weather permitting/If weather permits
7.in return 作为回报；作为回应
in return for... 作为对……的回报；作为……的报酬
in turn轮流， 依次；相应地，转而
by turns轮流；时而……时而……
①In silence they walked back down the stairs. Hope, despair and fear tugged at them ______ turns.
希望、绝望和恐惧折磨着他们
by
②Increased production will, ______ turn, lead to increased profits.
③我希望我能有机会做点什么事来报答你对我的善意。(情感描写)
I hope __________________________________________________
_________________.
in
I can have the opportunity to do something in return for your kindness to me
1.scene
The movie opens with a scene① of a girl who stands by the lakeside enjoying the serene scene②： gentle waves lapping against the shore.
①_______________　②______________
n.场面，场景　 n.景色，风光
2.spot
The moment I spotted① the ink spots② on the bag, I realized it was the same one that I had lost. I asked the boy on the spot③ where he got it, but he kept silent.
①____________________　②____________　③____________
vt.看见；注意到　 n.污迹 n.地点
3.tailor
The skilled tailor① tailored② a suit for me with great care, ensuring every detail perfectly fit my body and style preferences.
①____________　②__________________
n.裁缝　 vt.专门制作
4.It is a fact that getting a work permit in the UK is not always easy.
生义：_______________
熟义：vt.& vi.允许
5.It is reported that the police have uncovered a plot to kidnap the boss of the big company.
生义：______________
熟义：n.故事情节
n.许可证
n.阴谋
否定副词置于句首引起的部分倒装
[教材原句]　I remember thinking that never would I hold such a note as this... 记得当时我以为我(手里)永远不会握着这样一张钞票……
(1)当含有否定意义的词或短语位于句首时，句子需用部分倒装语序，即：否定词/短语＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语＋其他部分。
(2)这样的词或短语有：
全部否定意义副词：never/not/neither/nor/nowhere等。
部分否定意义副词：hardly/scarcely/rarely/seldom/little等。
“决不”短语：at no time/by no means/in no case/in no way/on no condition/on no account/in no sense等。
①You should in no sense give up halfway; keep trying and you will succeed sooner or later.
→____________________________________; keep trying and you will succeed sooner or later.(倒装句)
②这次活动不仅加强了我们学生之间的友谊，而且帮助我们树立了积极的生活态度。
_________________________________________________________________, but it also assisted us to build a positive attitude towards life.
In no sense should you give up halfway
Not only did the activity strengthen the friendship among us students
③从这次事件中我领悟到决不能向困难屈服，决不能放弃我们的梦想。(主旨升华)
I learned from the incident that in no case/way __________________
__________ and on no account/condition ______________________
__________.
should we give in to
difficulties
should we give up our
dreams
Part 2　基础知识达标
Ⅰ.语境填空
1.Let’s postpone ___________ (make) the final decision until we have more information and discuss further.
2.I plan to take exercise on a regular ___________ (base) from now on with the intention of staying healthy.
3.___________ (judge) from the above story, we can draw the conclusion that we can’t judge a man by his appearance.
4.I was about to go to sleep ____________ there was a knock on the door. How frightening it was!
making
basis
Judging
when
5.Mike jumped off the bicycle without any _____________ (hesitate), dashed to the back door and slammed the door heavily.
6.He could not escape the massed ranks of newsmen who spotted him ____________ (cross) the lawn.
7.Whenever I made mistakes, my teacher always pointed them out ____________ patience.
hesitation
crossing
with
8.We sincerely appreciate your _______________ (willing) to engage with us and eagerly await your positive response.
willingness
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.我写信是投诉你的服务员差劲的服务，他用粗鲁的方式招待我。
I’m writing to make a complaint about the poor service of your waiter who _______________________________.
2.我从来没有经历过这样的事情，因此他的行为让我当场大发雷霆。
Never before _____________________________, so his behaviour made me explode with anger ______________.
treated me in a rude manner
had I experienced such a matter
on the spot
3.我希望你能认真调查此事，并向我正式道歉。
I’d like you to investigate the matter seriously and _______________
__________________.
make a formal
apology to me
Part 3　写作能力培优
培优1　应用文增分练 ——电影介绍
根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。
The Million Pound Bank Note is one of the most famous movies ①_____________________________________________ (电影的主要角色是一个名叫亨利的年轻人；定语从句). Because of an accident, he became penniless. But fortunately, a couple of rich gentlemen ②___________________ (在他身上打赌) and gave him a million-pound bank note. Everyone looked down upon him and
whose leading character is a young man named Henry
made a bet on him
treated him ③_______________(用一种粗鲁的方式) when he was thought penniless. However, the moment they saw the million-pound bank note, they changed their attitude completely, ④ _____________
___________.(乐意为他服务). The movie sends a message that
in a rude manner
willing to
serve him
⑤_____________________________________________ (我们永远不要以貌取人；部分倒装). If time permits (用独立主格升级黑体部分：⑥_____________________), I would rather all of you watched it. This educational and moving movie is well worthy of appreciation for many times.
never should we judge a person
by his appearance
Time permitting
教材语料运用　【助人(一)】
由于我的手机没电了，我只得向陌生人寻求帮助。我看见一位美丽的女士，满怀希望地向她走去。她故意不理我，大步从我身边走过，好像我是个怪物。接着，一位宽肩膀、看上去很不耐烦的穿着廉价的T恤和脏兮兮的牛仔裤的男士似乎注意到了我。他毫不犹豫地拿出了手机并乐意帮助我。他的眼睛里闪烁着善意。“非常感谢！因为我以貌取人，我必须向您道歉！”他只是咧嘴笑了笑。
培优2　读后续写提能练
With my cell phone dead, I had to ask strangers for help. I spotted a beautiful woman, 1._________________________ (分词短语作状语). She ignored me on purpose and strode past me 2._____________
______________ (虚拟语气). Then an impatient-looking man with
approaching her hopefully
as if I were
an odd creature
broad shoulders, 3._________________________________ (分词短语作定语), seemed to notice me. He didn’t hesitate to take out his phone and 4._____________________.Dancing in his eyes was the kindness. “Thanks a lot！I must 5.___________________________
_______________________________________.” He just grinned.
wearing a
cheap T -shirt and dirty jeans
was willing to assist me
apologise/make an apology to
you for judging you by your appearance(共50张PPT)
课时作业16 UNIT 5 THE VALUE OF MONEY
Ⅰ.阅读理解
If a stranger offered you a free cookie, you might well eat it. But what if they offered to also give you $2 You might politely decline and walk away thinking, “Something smells fishy.”
In a study published in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, researchers found that people tend to turn down offers of “free money” as well as unusually cheap services, because they seem “too good to be true”.
In the initial experiment, nearly 40 percent of participants ate a cookie offered freely—compared with about 20 percent of those offered $2 as well. “People typically imagine things like someone did something disgusting to the cookie，” says study lead author Andrew J. Vonasch, a psychological scientist at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand.
Nine further experiments used online questionnaires to present other cases. These included being offered money to accept a ride home and surprisingly cheap flights. In each case, past a certain threshold (门槛), higher potential monetary gains reduced participants’ likelihood of accepting the offer.
Vonasch says the study illustrates that contrary to the “standard economic model”， which supposes humans always seek to maximize gains, transactions (交易) also need to be understood as social interactions between people trying to understand each other’s minds.
If someone seems to violate accepted norms, such as self-interest, without any explanation, we assume they have hidden motives and infer there will be “phantom costs” (幻影成本)—imagined consequences that reduce what Vonasch calls an offer’s “psychological value”. Factors beyond the present moment may come into play. “Understanding that others’ perceived overgenerosity may put us in their debt could also help explain people’s reluctance，” says Vonasch.
The researchers also showed how to mitigate (减轻) the effect: simply provide a reason for the deal. The “cheap flights” experiment included a condition where the seats were revealed to be very uncomfortable. “Uncomfortable seats aren’t typically a selling point，” Vonasch says. “But telling people the seats were uncomfortable made them more willing to take them because it was a sufficient explanation.”
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了为什么人们会拒绝看似过于慷慨的优惠或免费赠品，探讨了经济学和心理学之间的联系。
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1.Why might people reject an offer of $2 along with a free cookie
A.They dislike a money-related offer.
B.They distrust the true value of the offer.
C.They think the offer is not good enough.
D.They suspect the offer only lasts a short time.
答案：B
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解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“In a study published in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, researchers found that people tend to turn down offers of ‘free money’ as well as unusually cheap services, because they seem ‘too good to be true’.”可知，人们会拒绝2美元外加一块免费饼干的提议是因为他们不相信这份提议的真正价值。故选B。
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2.What aspect of the nine further experiments is introduced in paragraph 4
A.The moral concerns.
B.The research method.
C.The experiments’ duration.
D.The participants’ background.
答案：B
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解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“Nine further experiments used online questionnaires to present other cases. These included... In each case, past a certain threshold, higher potential monetary gains reduced participants’ likelihood of accepting the offer.(另外九项实验使用在线问卷来呈现其他情况。其中包括……在每一种情况下，超过一定的门槛，更高的潜在金钱收益降低了参与者接受提议的可能性)”可知，第四段介绍了那九个进一步实验的研究方法。故选B。
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3.Which psychological factor best explains the findings of the study
A.Being fearful of “phantom costs”.
B.Being afraid of violating social norms.
C.Being committed to the standard economic model.
D.Being unconcerned about an offer’s “psychological value”.
答案：A
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解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“If someone seems to violate accepted norms, such as self-interest, without any explanation, we assume they have hidden motives and infer there will be ‘phantom costs’—imagined consequences that reduce what Vonasch calls an offer’s ‘psychological value’. Factors...come into play.(如果有人似乎违反了公认的规范，比如自利，而没有任何解释，我们就会假设他们有隐藏的动机，并推断会有‘幻影成本’，也就是会降低Vonasch所说的提议的‘心理价值’的想象的后果，超出当前时刻的因素可能会起作用)”可知，害怕“幻影成本”这一因素解释了这一现象。故选A。
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4.Why does the author mention the “cheap flights” experiment in the last paragraph
A.To stress the unpredictability of human choices.
B.To illustrate how hidden motives affect people’s choices.
C.To emphasize the importance of providing clear examples.
D.To show giving justifications can increase acceptance of offers.
答案：D
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解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The researchers also showed how to mitigate the effect: simply provide a reason for the deal.”以及“‘Uncomfortable seats aren’t typically a selling point，’ Vonasch says. ‘But telling people the seats were uncomfortable made them more willing to take them because it was a sufficient explanation.’”可知，作者提到“廉价航班”实验是为了表明给出理由可以增加提议的接受度。故选D。
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Ⅱ.完形填空
Driving through a West Haven crossroads, a young man named Rhett and his friends encountered something extraordinary. There, in the middle of the road, was a box filled with envelopes. But these were no 1 envelopes; each was packed with cash, 2 to a total of between $45，000 and $50，000. Rhett, 3 the moment, said, “We didn’t know until I kicked one of them and money flew out.” This 4 find quickly turned into a moral decision.
5 the life-changing amount of money at their fingertips, they chose the path of 6 . Rhett humorously reflected on their 7 process, saying, “The first reaction was like: well, let’s get this to the right person.”
The rightful owner of the money, who had reported it lost, was informed of its 8 . The relief and gratitude he must have felt upon hearing this news were 9 . Hearing the news, Rhett’s mom definitely 10 it!
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The owner’s reaction to getting his money back was one of disbelief and enormous gratitude. He planned to meet the young men to thank them 11 and offer a reward. The story of these three young men is a convincing 12 of the impact of good choices and moral courage.
Their actions 13 an inspiration to others, showing that even in the face of great temptation (诱惑), it is possible to choose the right course of action. Despite the countless ways it could have 14 them, the young men’s decision to return the money is a powerful example of the values that truly 15 .
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[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。一个名叫Rhett的年轻人和他的朋友们捡到了一个装满信封的盒子，每个信封都装满了现金，总额在4.5万美元到5万美元之间。Rhett最终选择归还这些钱，证明了真正重要的价值观。
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1.A.thick　　　　　　　　 B.ordinary
C.stamped D.official
答案：B
解析：thick厚的；ordinary普通的；stamped铭刻的；official官方的。根据下文“each was packed with cash”可知，这些不是普通的信封，每个都装满了现金。故选B。
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2.A.amounting B.referring
C.sticking D.contributing
答案：A
解析：amount达到；refer提到；stick坚持；contribute捐助。下文“to a total of between $45，000 and $50，000”指信封里的钱的数量达到了4.5万美元到5万美元之间。故选A。
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3.A.recording B.blessing
C.recalling D.picking
答案：C
解析：record记录；bless祝福；recall回想起；pick捡起。根据下文“the moment, said, ‘We didn’t know until I kicked one of them and money flew out.’”可知，此处是Rhett在回忆捡到信封的情景。故选C。
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4.A.unavoidable B.unconfirmed
C.uneventful D.unexpected
答案：D
解析：unavoidable不可避免的；unconfirmed未证实的；uneventful 平凡的；unexpected意外的。根据上文“Driving through a West Haven crossroads, a young man named Rhett and his friends encountered something extraordinary. There, in the middle of the road, was a box filled with envelopes.”可知，他们是意外发现这些信封的。故选D。
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5.A.Instead of B.Owing to
C.In addition to D.In spite of
答案：D
解析：句意：尽管他们指尖上的钱足以改变他们的生活，但他们选择了诚实的道路。instead of而不是；owing to由于；in addition to除……之外；in spite of尽管。结合上下文语境可知，此处为让步转折关系，表示“尽管”，应用in spite of。故选D。
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6.A.integrity B.patience
C.tolerance D.generosity
答案：A
解析：integrity正直，诚实；patience耐心；tolerance忍受；generosity慷慨。根据下文“The first reaction was like well, let’s get this to the right person.”可知，他们选择上交信封，选择诚实。故选A。
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7.A.eye-catching B.decision-making
C.time-saving D.mind-blowing
答案：B
解析：eye-catching引人注目的；decision-making决策的；time-saving节约时间的；mind-blowing令人兴奋的。根据下文“The first reaction was like: well, let’s get this to the right person.”可知，此处指回顾了他们的决策过程。故选B。
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8.A.survival B.progress
C.recovery D.application
答案：C
解析：根据上文“The rightful owner of the money, who had reported it lost, was informed of its”可推知，这笔钱被失主追回，应用recovery。故选C。
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9.A.imperfect B.immeasurable
C.impractical D.impure
答案：B
解析：imperfect不完美的；immeasurable不可估量的；impractical不明智的；impure不纯的。根据上文“The relief and gratitude”可知，此处指宽慰和感激无法估量。故选B。
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10.A.warned B.doubted
C.applauded D.advocated
答案：C
解析：warn警告；doubt怀疑；applaud鼓掌；advocate提倡。根据上文可知，Rhett选择归还这笔钱，Rhett的妈妈听到失主找回了钱这个消息，高兴得鼓掌。故选C。
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11.A.vividly B.frequently
C.casually D.personally
答案：D
解析：根据下文“and offer a reward”可知，失主打算亲自去见这些年轻人，向他们道谢，并给予报酬。故选D。
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12.A.victory B.investment
C.response D.reminder
答案：D
解析：victory胜利；investment投资；response回答；reminder提醒物。根据上文“The story of these three young men is a convincing”可知，这个故事是一个对正确的选择和道德勇气的影响的提醒。故选D。
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13.A.carry away B.consist of
C.serve as D.rely on
答案：C
解析：根据下文“an inspiration to others”可知，他们的行为成了其他人的激励。故选C。
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答案：B
解析：结合上文可知，几个年轻人捡到了一大笔钱，本来可以从中受益的，但他们选择了归还失主。故选B。
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答案：A
解析：matter重要；arise出现；disappear消失；remain保持。根据上文“the young men’s decision to return the money is a powerful example of the values that truly”可知，这几个年轻人归还这笔钱的决定是一个强有力的例子，证明了真正重要的价值观。故选A。
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Ⅲ.语法填空
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一次展览，展示了明代黄金工艺品的卓越工艺与历史文化价值。
An exhibition witnessed the 60th anniversary of the establishment of official relations between France and China, as well as the 2024 Franco-Chinese Year of Cultural Tourism. 1. (title) Ming Gold: Splendors and Beauties of Imperial China, it opened at the Guimet Museum in Paris, 2. (run) from Sept.18 to Jan.13.
1.答案：Titled
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语， title与逻辑主语it指代的“An exhibition”之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Titled。
2.答案：running
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语，run与逻辑主语it之间是主动关系，因此使用现在分词作伴随状语。故填running。
Featuring 3. exceptional collection of goldwork masterpieces from the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) , the exhibition, 4. was co-organized by the Qujiang Museum of Fine Arts in Xi’an, allows visitors to discover the excellent craftsmanship (手艺) 5. (rare) found anywhere else in the world.
3.答案：an
解析：考查冠词。collection是可数名词单数，其前无限定词，此处使用冠词，结合句意可知，此处表示泛指意义，且exceptional的发音以元音音素开头，因此使用不定冠词an。故填an。
4.答案：which
解析：考查定语从句。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词the exhibition指物，所以使用关系代词which。故填which。
5.答案：rarely
解析：考查词性转换。此处为副词作状语，修饰动词found，rare的副词形式为rarely，意为“罕有；很少”，符合句意。故填rarely。
Lin Shaoping, vice director of the Qujiang Museum of Fine Arts in Xi’an, said, “This year 6. (mark) the 20th anniversary of the opening of the museum. We are devoted to cooperating with museums around the world 7. (display) these Chinese treasures, allowing international 8. (viewer) to enjoy Chinese history and culture.”
6.答案：marks
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处为谓语动词，根据句意以及this year可知，此处使用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用marks。故填marks。
7.答案：to display
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语，结合句意，此处表示目的，所以使用动词不定式形式，说明合作的目的在于展示这些宝藏。故填to display。
8.答案：viewers
解析：考查名词的单复数。viewer是可数名词，意为“参观者”，空前无限定词，所以此处使用名词复数形式viewers，表示泛指意义。故填viewers。
Visitors are invited to study the artistic quality of the masterpieces 9. ， through digital and educational content, to learn about the role that gold played in the Ming Dynasty.
9.答案：and
解析：考查连词。分析句子结构可知，“to study the artistic quality of the masterpieces”与下文的“to learn about the role that gold played in the Ming Dynasty”构成并列结构，所以此处使用并列连词and。故填and。
The Guimet Museum definitely shone a spotlight on the traditional gold craftsmanship and the art of jewelry during a 10. (gold) era of Chinese civilization.
10.答案：golden
解析：考查词性转换。此处为形容词作定语，修饰名词era，gold的形容词形式为golden，表示“黄金般的”，golden era意为“黄金时代”，符合句意。故填golden。UNIT 5 THE VALUE OF MONEY
主题语境　优秀品行、正确的人生态度
Part 1　核心考点突破
1.apologise (also apologize)vi.道歉；谢罪→apology n.道歉
(1)apologise to sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事向某人道歉
(2)make an apology to sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事向某人道歉
owe sb. an apology应向某人道歉
①I really owe you an apology (apologize) for not accompanying you to the gallery at our appointed time.
②我写信向你致以真诚的歉意，因为我没能如期参加你的生日聚会。(道歉信)
I am writing to make a sincere apology/sincerely apologise to you for failing to attend your birthday party as scheduled.
2.judge vt.& vi.评价；评判；判断 n.法官；审判员；裁判员→judgement/judgment n.判断力；评价
(1)judge... by... 根据……来判断……
as far as I can judge据我判断，我认为
judging by/from... 根据……判断
(2)make a judg(e)ment on/about... 对……作出评价
①Judging (judge) from his excited expression, he must have received some good news.
②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)我认为，在公园里上的这堂艺术课非常有意义，我们学生从中受益很多。
As far as I can judge, the art class in the park was very meaningful, from which we students benefited a lot.
③我从这次经历中意识到：永远不要以貌取人，因为真正的美来自内心。(主旨升华)
I realized from this experience that never judge people by their appearances/never judge a book by its cover, for true beauty comes from the inside.
3.spot vt.看见；注意到；发现 n.地点；处所；斑点；污迹
(1)spot sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事
be spotted with... 满是……的斑点
(2)on the spot当场；立即；在现场
①Seeing the scene, everyone on the spot felt so terrified, and their eyes were wild with terror.
②当我走过邻居家时，我看见他正在后院里做园艺工作，他的双手熟练地挥舞着铲子。
I spotted my neighbor gardening in his backyard as I walked past his house, his hands skillfully wielding the shovel.
③我们躺在草地上，凝视着闪烁着星星的夜空。(环境描写)
We lay on the grass, staring at the night sky (which was) spotted with twinkling stars.
4.hesitate vi.犹豫；迟疑；顾虑→hesitation n.犹豫；迟疑→hesitant adj.犹豫的；不情愿的
(1)hesitate about/over... 对……犹豫
hesitate to do sth. 迟疑做某事，不愿做某事
(2)without hesitation毫不犹豫地
①I’m hesitating about/over whether to accept the job offer, as it means moving to another city.
②每当我遇到麻烦时，你都会毫不犹豫地来帮助我。我无法用语言来表达我对你的感激。
Whenever I am in trouble, you will come to my assistance without hesitation. Words fail to express my gratitude to you.
③如果还有什么我能为你做的，请不要犹豫，直接告诉我。(建议信)
If there is something else I can do for you, please don’t hesitate to tell me.
5.manner n.举止；行为方式；方法；[pl.]礼貌；礼仪
in a(n)... manner用一种……的方式；带着一副……的样子
It is good/bad manners to do sth. 做某事是有/没有礼貌的。
table manners餐桌礼仪
①He solved the problem in a creative manner, coming up with an innovative solution.
②当你拜访一个中国朋友的时候，带礼物是有礼貌的。吃饭时，你也应该注意你的餐桌礼仪。(中国礼仪)
It’s good manners to bring a gift when you visit a Chinese friend. At dinner, you should also pay attention to your table manners.
6.permit vt.& vi.准许；允许；使有可能 n.许可证→permission n.准许；许可；批准；许可证
(1)permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
permit (doing) sth. 允许(做)某事
(2)with/without (one’s) permission得到/未经(某人的)允许
①Much to my disappointment, the security guards didn’t permit my bringing (bring) a camera.
②未经允许，任何人不得在博物馆内对展品拍照。(通知)
No one is permitted to take photos of the exhibits in the museum without permission.
③如果天气允许，比赛将于本周五下午2点至5点在学校体育场举行。
Weather permitting/If weather permits, the competition will be held in the school stadium from 2 p.m. to 5 p. m. this Friday.
7.in return 作为回报；作为回应
in return for... 作为对……的回报；作为……的报酬
in turn轮流， 依次；相应地，转而
by turns轮流；时而……时而……
①In silence they walked back down the stairs. Hope, despair and fear tugged at them by turns.
　　　　
希望、绝望和恐惧折磨着他们
②Increased production will, in turn, lead to increased profits.
③我希望我能有机会做点什么事来报答你对我的善意。(情感描写)
I hope I can have the opportunity to do something in return for your kindness to me.
1.scene
The movie opens with a scene① of a girl who stands by the lakeside enjoying the serene scene②： gentle waves lapping against the shore.
①n.场面，场景　②n.景色，风光
2.spot
The moment I spotted① the ink spots② on the bag, I realized it was the same one that I had lost. I asked the boy on the spot③ where he got it, but he kept silent.
①vt.看见；注意到　②n.污迹　③n.地点
3.tailor
The skilled tailor① tailored② a suit for me with great care, ensuring every detail perfectly fit my body and style preferences.
①n.裁缝　②vt.专门制作
4.It is a fact that getting a work permit in the UK is not always easy.
生义：n.许可证
熟义：vt.& vi.允许
5.It is reported that the police have uncovered a plot to kidnap the boss of the big company.
生义：n.阴谋
熟义：n.故事情节
否定副词置于句首引起的部分倒装
[教材原句]　I remember thinking that never would I hold such a note as this... 记得当时我以为我(手里)永远不会握着这样一张钞票……
(1)当含有否定意义的词或短语位于句首时，句子需用部分倒装语序，即：否定词/短语＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语＋其他部分。
(2)这样的词或短语有：
全部否定意义副词：never/not/neither/nor/nowhere等。
部分否定意义副词：hardly/scarcely/rarely/seldom/little等。
“决不”短语：at no time/by no means/in no case/in no way/on no condition/on no account/in no sense等。
①You should in no sense give up halfway; keep trying and you will succeed sooner or later.
→In no sense should you give up halfway; keep trying and you will succeed sooner or later.(倒装句)
②这次活动不仅加强了我们学生之间的友谊，而且帮助我们树立了积极的生活态度。
Not only did the activity strengthen the friendship among us students，but it also assisted us to build a positive attitude towards life.
③从这次事件中我领悟到决不能向困难屈服，决不能放弃我们的梦想。(主旨升华)
I learned from the incident that in no case/way should we give in to difficulties and on no account/condition should we give up our dreams.
Part 2　 基础知识达标
Ⅰ.语境填空
1.Let’s postpone making (make) the final decision until we have more information and discuss further.
2.I plan to take exercise on a regular basis (base) from now on with the intention of staying healthy.
3.Judging (judge) from the above story, we can draw the conclusion that we can’t judge a man by his appearance.
4.I was about to go to sleep when there was a knock on the door. How frightening it was!
5.Mike jumped off the bicycle without any hesitation (hesitate), dashed to the back door and slammed the door heavily.
6.He could not escape the massed ranks of newsmen who spotted him crossing (cross) the lawn.
7.Whenever I made mistakes, my teacher always pointed them out with patience.
8.We sincerely appreciate your willingness (willing) to engage with us and eagerly await your positive response.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.我写信是投诉你的服务员差劲的服务，他用粗鲁的方式招待我。
I’m writing to make a complaint about the poor service of your waiter who treated me in a rude manner.
2.我从来没有经历过这样的事情，因此他的行为让我当场大发雷霆。
Never before had I experienced such a matter, so his behaviour made me explode with anger on the spot.
3.我希望你能认真调查此事，并向我正式道歉。
I’d like you to investigate the matter seriously and make a formal apology to me.
Part 3　写作能力培优
培优1　应用文增分练 ——电影介绍
根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。
The Million Pound Bank Note is one of the most famous movies ①whose leading character is a young man named Henry (电影的主要角色是一个名叫亨利的年轻人；定语从句). Because of an accident, he became penniless. But fortunately, a couple of rich gentlemen ②made a bet on him (在他身上打赌) and gave him a million-pound bank note. Everyone looked down upon him and treated him ③in a rude manner (用一种粗鲁的方式) when he was thought penniless. However, the moment they saw the million-pound bank note, they changed their attitude completely, ④ willing to serve him (乐意为他服务). The movie sends a message that ⑤never should we judge a person by his appearance (我们永远不要以貌取人；部分倒装). If time permits (用独立主格升级黑体部分：⑥Time permitting), I would rather all of you watched it. This educational and moving movie is well worthy of appreciation for many times.
培优2　读后续写提能练
教材语料运用　【助人(一)】
由于我的手机没电了，我只得向陌生人寻求帮助。我看见一位美丽的女士，满怀希望地向她走去。她故意不理我，大步从我身边走过，好像我是个怪物。接着，一位宽肩膀、看上去很不耐烦的穿着廉价的T恤和脏兮兮的牛仔裤的男士似乎注意到了我。他毫不犹豫地拿出了手机并乐意帮助我。他的眼睛里闪烁着善意。“非常感谢！因为我以貌取人，我必须向您道歉！”他只是咧嘴笑了笑。
With my cell phone dead, I had to ask strangers for help. I spotted a beautiful woman, 1.approaching her hopefully (分词短语作状语). She ignored me on purpose and strode past me 2.as if I were an odd creature (虚拟语气). Then an impatient-looking man with broad shoulders, 3.wearing a cheap T-shirt and dirty jeans (分词短语作定语), seemed to notice me. He didn’t hesitate to take out his phone and 4.was willing to assist me. Dancing in his eyes was the kindness. “Thanks a lot！I must 5.apologise/make an apology to you for judging you by your appearance.” He just grinned.
课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
If a stranger offered you a free cookie, you might well eat it. But what if they offered to also give you $2 You might politely decline and walk away thinking, “Something smells fishy.”
In a study published in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, researchers found that people tend to turn down offers of “free money” as well as unusually cheap services, because they seem “too good to be true”.
In the initial experiment, nearly 40 percent of participants ate a cookie offered freely—compared with about 20 percent of those offered $2 as well. “People typically imagine things like someone did something disgusting to the cookie，” says study lead author Andrew J. Vonasch, a psychological scientist at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand.
Nine further experiments used online questionnaires to present other cases. These included being offered money to accept a ride home and surprisingly cheap flights. In each case, past a certain threshold (门槛), higher potential monetary gains reduced participants’ likelihood of accepting the offer.
Vonasch says the study illustrates that contrary to the “standard economic model”， which supposes humans always seek to maximize gains, transactions (交易) also need to be understood as social interactions between people trying to understand each other’s minds.
If someone seems to violate accepted norms, such as self-interest, without any explanation, we assume they have hidden motives and infer there will be “phantom costs” (幻影成本)—imagined consequences that reduce what Vonasch calls an offer’s “psychological value”. Factors beyond the present moment may come into play. “Understanding that others’ perceived overgenerosity may put us in their debt could also help explain people’s reluctance，” says Vonasch.
The researchers also showed how to mitigate (减轻) the effect: simply provide a reason for the deal. The “cheap flights” experiment included a condition where the seats were revealed to be very uncomfortable. “Uncomfortable seats aren’t typically a selling point，” Vonasch says. “But telling people the seats were uncomfortable made them more willing to take them because it was a sufficient explanation.”
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了为什么人们会拒绝看似过于慷慨的优惠或免费赠品，探讨了经济学和心理学之间的联系。
1.Why might people reject an offer of $2 along with a free cookie
A.They dislike a money-related offer.
B.They distrust the true value of the offer.
C.They think the offer is not good enough.
D.They suspect the offer only lasts a short time.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“In a study published in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, researchers found that people tend to turn down offers of ‘free money’ as well as unusually cheap services, because they seem ‘too good to be true’.”可知，人们会拒绝2美元外加一块免费饼干的提议是因为他们不相信这份提议的真正价值。故选B。
2.What aspect of the nine further experiments is introduced in paragraph 4
A.The moral concerns.
B.The research method.
C.The experiments’ duration.
D.The participants’ background.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“Nine further experiments used online questionnaires to present other cases. These included... In each case, past a certain threshold, higher potential monetary gains reduced participants’ likelihood of accepting the offer.(另外九项实验使用在线问卷来呈现其他情况。其中包括……在每一种情况下，超过一定的门槛，更高的潜在金钱收益降低了参与者接受提议的可能性)”可知，第四段介绍了那九个进一步实验的研究方法。故选B。
3.Which psychological factor best explains the findings of the study
A.Being fearful of “phantom costs”.
B.Being afraid of violating social norms.
C.Being committed to the standard economic model.
D.Being unconcerned about an offer’s “psychological value”.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“If someone seems to violate accepted norms, such as self-interest, without any explanation, we assume they have hidden motives and infer there will be ‘phantom costs’—imagined consequences that reduce what Vonasch calls an offer’s ‘psychological value’. Factors...come into play.(如果有人似乎违反了公认的规范，比如自利，而没有任何解释，我们就会假设他们有隐藏的动机，并推断会有‘幻影成本’，也就是会降低Vonasch所说的提议的‘心理价值’的想象的后果，超出当前时刻的因素可能会起作用)”可知，害怕“幻影成本”这一因素解释了这一现象。故选A。
4.Why does the author mention the “cheap flights” experiment in the last paragraph
A.To stress the unpredictability of human choices.
B.To illustrate how hidden motives affect people’s choices.
C.To emphasize the importance of providing clear examples.
D.To show giving justifications can increase acceptance of offers.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The researchers also showed how to mitigate the effect: simply provide a reason for the deal.”以及“‘Uncomfortable seats aren’t typically a selling point，’ Vonasch says. ‘But telling people the seats were uncomfortable made them more willing to take them because it was a sufficient explanation.’”可知，作者提到“廉价航班”实验是为了表明给出理由可以增加提议的接受度。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Driving through a West Haven crossroads, a young man named Rhett and his friends encountered something extraordinary. There, in the middle of the road, was a box filled with envelopes. But these were no 1 envelopes; each was packed with cash, 2 to a total of between $45，000 and $50，000. Rhett, 3 the moment, said, “We didn’t know until I kicked one of them and money flew out.” This 4 find quickly turned into a moral decision.
5 the life-changing amount of money at their fingertips, they chose the path of 6 . Rhett humorously reflected on their 7 process, saying, “The first reaction was like: well, let’s get this to the right person.”
The rightful owner of the money, who had reported it lost, was informed of its 8 . The relief and gratitude he must have felt upon hearing this news were 9 . Hearing the news, Rhett’s mom definitely 10 it!
The owner’s reaction to getting his money back was one of disbelief and enormous gratitude. He planned to meet the young men to thank them 11 and offer a reward. The story of these three young men is a convincing 12 of the impact of good choices and moral courage.
Their actions 13 an inspiration to others, showing that even in the face of great temptation (诱惑), it is possible to choose the right course of action. Despite the countless ways it could have 14 them, the young men’s decision to return the money is a powerful example of the values that truly 15 .
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。一个名叫Rhett的年轻人和他的朋友们捡到了一个装满信封的盒子，每个信封都装满了现金，总额在4.5万美元到5万美元之间。Rhett最终选择归还这些钱，证明了真正重要的价值观。
1.A.thick　　　　　　　　　B.ordinary
C.stamped D.official
答案：B
解析：thick厚的；ordinary普通的；stamped铭刻的；official官方的。根据下文“each was packed with cash”可知，这些不是普通的信封，每个都装满了现金。故选B。
2.A.amounting B.referring
C.sticking D.contributing
答案：A
解析：amount达到；refer提到；stick坚持；contribute捐助。下文“to a total of between $45，000 and $50，000”指信封里的钱的数量达到了4.5万美元到5万美元之间。故选A。
3.A.recording B.blessing
C.recalling D.picking
答案：C
解析：record记录；bless祝福；recall回想起；pick捡起。根据下文“the moment, said, ‘We didn’t know until I kicked one of them and money flew out.’”可知，此处是Rhett在回忆捡到信封的情景。故选C。
4.A.unavoidable B.unconfirmed
C.uneventful D.unexpected
答案：D
解析：unavoidable不可避免的；unconfirmed未证实的；uneventful 平凡的；unexpected意外的。根据上文“Driving through a West Haven crossroads, a young man named Rhett and his friends encountered something extraordinary. There, in the middle of the road, was a box filled with envelopes.”可知，他们是意外发现这些信封的。故选D。
5.A.Instead of B.Owing to
C.In addition to D.In spite of
答案：D
解析：句意：尽管他们指尖上的钱足以改变他们的生活，但他们选择了诚实的道路。instead of而不是；owing to由于；in addition to除……之外；in spite of尽管。结合上下文语境可知，此处为让步转折关系，表示“尽管”，应用in spite of。故选D。
6.A.integrity B.patience
C.tolerance D.generosity
答案：A
解析：integrity正直，诚实；patience耐心；tolerance忍受；generosity慷慨。根据下文“The first reaction was like well, let’s get this to the right person.”可知，他们选择上交信封，选择诚实。故选A。
7.A.eye-catching B.decision-making
C.time-saving D.mind-blowing
答案：B
解析：eye-catching引人注目的；decision-making决策的；time-saving节约时间的；mind-blowing令人兴奋的。根据下文“The first reaction was like: well, let’s get this to the right person.”可知，此处指回顾了他们的决策过程。故选B。
8.A.survival B.progress
C.recovery D.application
答案：C
解析：根据上文“The rightful owner of the money, who had reported it lost, was informed of its”可推知，这笔钱被失主追回，应用recovery。故选C。
9.A.imperfect B.immeasurable
C.impractical D.impure
答案：B
解析：imperfect不完美的；immeasurable不可估量的；impractical不明智的；impure不纯的。根据上文“The relief and gratitude”可知，此处指宽慰和感激无法估量。故选B。
10.A.warned B.doubted
C.applauded D.advocated
答案：C
解析：warn警告；doubt怀疑；applaud鼓掌；advocate提倡。根据上文可知，Rhett选择归还这笔钱，Rhett的妈妈听到失主找回了钱这个消息，高兴得鼓掌。故选C。
11.A.vividly B.frequently
C.casually D.personally
答案：D
解析：根据下文“and offer a reward”可知，失主打算亲自去见这些年轻人，向他们道谢，并给予报酬。故选D。
12.A.victory B.investment
C.response D.reminder
答案：D
解析：victory胜利；investment投资；response回答；reminder提醒物。根据上文“The story of these three young men is a convincing”可知，这个故事是一个对正确的选择和道德勇气的影响的提醒。故选D。
13.A.carry away B.consist of
C.serve as D.rely on
答案：C
解析：根据下文“an inspiration to others”可知，他们的行为成了其他人的激励。故选C。
14.A.recognized B.benefited
C.honored D.alarmed
答案：B
解析：结合上文可知，几个年轻人捡到了一大笔钱，本来可以从中受益的，但他们选择了归还失主。故选B。
15.A.matter B.arise
C.disappear D.remain
答案：A
解析：matter重要；arise出现；disappear消失；remain保持。根据上文“the young men’s decision to return the money is a powerful example of the values that truly”可知，这几个年轻人归还这笔钱的决定是一个强有力的例子，证明了真正重要的价值观。故选A。
Ⅲ.语法填空
An exhibition witnessed the 60th anniversary of the establishment of official relations between France and China, as well as the 2024 Franco-Chinese Year of Cultural Tourism. 1. (title) Ming Gold: Splendors and Beauties of Imperial China, it opened at the Guimet Museum in Paris, 2. (run) from Sept.18 to Jan.13.
Featuring 3. exceptional collection of goldwork masterpieces from the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) , the exhibition, 4. was co-organized by the Qujiang Museum of Fine Arts in Xi’an, allows visitors to discover the excellent craftsmanship (手艺) 5. (rare) found anywhere else in the world.
Lin Shaoping, vice director of the Qujiang Museum of Fine Arts in Xi’an, said, “This year 6. (mark) the 20th anniversary of the opening of the museum. We are devoted to cooperating with museums around the world 7. (display) these Chinese treasures, allowing international 8. (viewer) to enjoy Chinese history and culture.”
Visitors are invited to study the artistic quality of the masterpieces 9. ， through digital and educational content, to learn about the role that gold played in the Ming Dynasty.
The Guimet Museum definitely shone a spotlight on the traditional gold craftsmanship and the art of jewelry during a 10. (gold) era of Chinese civilization.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一次展览，展示了明代黄金工艺品的卓越工艺与历史文化价值。
1.答案：Titled
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语， title与逻辑主语it指代的“An exhibition”之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Titled。
2.答案：running
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语，run与逻辑主语it之间是主动关系，因此使用现在分词作伴随状语。故填running。
3.答案：an
解析：考查冠词。collection是可数名词单数，其前无限定词，此处使用冠词，结合句意可知，此处表示泛指意义，且exceptional的发音以元音音素开头，因此使用不定冠词an。故填an。
4.答案：which
解析：考查定语从句。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词the exhibition指物，所以使用关系代词which。故填which。
5.答案：rarely
解析：考查词性转换。此处为副词作状语，修饰动词found，rare的副词形式为rarely，意为“罕有；很少”，符合句意。故填rarely。
6.答案：marks
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处为谓语动词，根据句意以及this year可知，此处使用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用marks。故填marks。
7.答案：to display
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语，结合句意，此处表示目的，所以使用动词不定式形式，说明合作的目的在于展示这些宝藏。故填to display。
8.答案：viewers
解析：考查名词的单复数。viewer是可数名词，意为“参观者”，空前无限定词，所以此处使用名词复数形式viewers，表示泛指意义。故填viewers。
9.答案：and
解析：考查连词。分析句子结构可知，“to study the artistic quality of the masterpieces”与下文的“to learn about the role that gold played in the Ming Dynasty”构成并列结构，所以此处使用并列连词and。故填and。
10.答案：golden
解析：考查词性转换。此处为形容词作定语，修饰名词era，gold的形容词形式为golden，表示“黄金般的”，golden era意为“黄金时代”，符合句意。故填golden。课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
If a stranger offered you a free cookie, you might well eat it. But what if they offered to also give you $2 You might politely decline and walk away thinking, “Something smells fishy.”
In a study published in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, researchers found that people tend to turn down offers of “free money” as well as unusually cheap services, because they seem “too good to be true”.
In the initial experiment, nearly 40 percent of participants ate a cookie offered freely—compared with about 20 percent of those offered $2 as well. “People typically imagine things like someone did something disgusting to the cookie，” says study lead author Andrew J. Vonasch, a psychological scientist at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand.
Nine further experiments used online questionnaires to present other cases. These included being offered money to accept a ride home and surprisingly cheap flights. In each case, past a certain threshold (门槛), higher potential monetary gains reduced participants’ likelihood of accepting the offer.
Vonasch says the study illustrates that contrary to the “standard economic model”， which supposes humans always seek to maximize gains, transactions (交易) also need to be understood as social interactions between people trying to understand each other’s minds.
If someone seems to violate accepted norms, such as self-interest, without any explanation, we assume they have hidden motives and infer there will be “phantom costs” (幻影成本)—imagined consequences that reduce what Vonasch calls an offer’s “psychological value”. Factors beyond the present moment may come into play. “Understanding that others’ perceived overgenerosity may put us in their debt could also help explain people’s reluctance，” says Vonasch.
The researchers also showed how to mitigate (减轻) the effect: simply provide a reason for the deal. The “cheap flights” experiment included a condition where the seats were revealed to be very uncomfortable. “Uncomfortable seats aren’t typically a selling point，” Vonasch says. “But telling people the seats were uncomfortable made them more willing to take them because it was a sufficient explanation.”
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了为什么人们会拒绝看似过于慷慨的优惠或免费赠品，探讨了经济学和心理学之间的联系。
1.Why might people reject an offer of $2 along with a free cookie
A.They dislike a money-related offer.
B.They distrust the true value of the offer.
C.They think the offer is not good enough.
D.They suspect the offer only lasts a short time.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“In a study published in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, researchers found that people tend to turn down offers of ‘free money’ as well as unusually cheap services, because they seem ‘too good to be true’.”可知，人们会拒绝2美元外加一块免费饼干的提议是因为他们不相信这份提议的真正价值。故选B。
2.What aspect of the nine further experiments is introduced in paragraph 4
A.The moral concerns.
B.The research method.
C.The experiments’ duration.
D.The participants’ background.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“Nine further experiments used online questionnaires to present other cases. These included... In each case, past a certain threshold, higher potential monetary gains reduced participants’ likelihood of accepting the offer.(另外九项实验使用在线问卷来呈现其他情况。其中包括……在每一种情况下，超过一定的门槛，更高的潜在金钱收益降低了参与者接受提议的可能性)”可知，第四段介绍了那九个进一步实验的研究方法。故选B。
3.Which psychological factor best explains the findings of the study
A.Being fearful of “phantom costs”.
B.Being afraid of violating social norms.
C.Being committed to the standard economic model.
D.Being unconcerned about an offer’s “psychological value”.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“If someone seems to violate accepted norms, such as self-interest, without any explanation, we assume they have hidden motives and infer there will be ‘phantom costs’—imagined consequences that reduce what Vonasch calls an offer’s ‘psychological value’. Factors...come into play.(如果有人似乎违反了公认的规范，比如自利，而没有任何解释，我们就会假设他们有隐藏的动机，并推断会有‘幻影成本’，也就是会降低Vonasch所说的提议的‘心理价值’的想象的后果，超出当前时刻的因素可能会起作用)”可知，害怕“幻影成本”这一因素解释了这一现象。故选A。
4.Why does the author mention the “cheap flights” experiment in the last paragraph
A.To stress the unpredictability of human choices.
B.To illustrate how hidden motives affect people’s choices.
C.To emphasize the importance of providing clear examples.
D.To show giving justifications can increase acceptance of offers.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The researchers also showed how to mitigate the effect: simply provide a reason for the deal.”以及“‘Uncomfortable seats aren’t typically a selling point，’ Vonasch says. ‘But telling people the seats were uncomfortable made them more willing to take them because it was a sufficient explanation.’”可知，作者提到“廉价航班”实验是为了表明给出理由可以增加提议的接受度。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Driving through a West Haven crossroads, a young man named Rhett and his friends encountered something extraordinary. There, in the middle of the road, was a box filled with envelopes. But these were no 1 envelopes; each was packed with cash, 2 to a total of between $45，000 and $50，000. Rhett, 3 the moment, said, “We didn’t know until I kicked one of them and money flew out.” This 4 find quickly turned into a moral decision.
5 the life-changing amount of money at their fingertips, they chose the path of 6 . Rhett humorously reflected on their 7 process, saying, “The first reaction was like: well, let’s get this to the right person.”
The rightful owner of the money, who had reported it lost, was informed of its 8 . The relief and gratitude he must have felt upon hearing this news were 9 . Hearing the news, Rhett’s mom definitely 10 it!
The owner’s reaction to getting his money back was one of disbelief and enormous gratitude. He planned to meet the young men to thank them 11 and offer a reward. The story of these three young men is a convincing 12 of the impact of good choices and moral courage.
Their actions 13 an inspiration to others, showing that even in the face of great temptation (诱惑), it is possible to choose the right course of action. Despite the countless ways it could have 14 them, the young men’s decision to return the money is a powerful example of the values that truly 15 .
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。一个名叫Rhett的年轻人和他的朋友们捡到了一个装满信封的盒子，每个信封都装满了现金，总额在4.5万美元到5万美元之间。Rhett最终选择归还这些钱，证明了真正重要的价值观。
1.A.thick　　　　　　　　　B.ordinary
C.stamped D.official
答案：B
解析：thick厚的；ordinary普通的；stamped铭刻的；official官方的。根据下文“each was packed with cash”可知，这些不是普通的信封，每个都装满了现金。故选B。
2.A.amounting B.referring
C.sticking D.contributing
答案：A
解析：amount达到；refer提到；stick坚持；contribute捐助。下文“to a total of between $45，000 and $50，000”指信封里的钱的数量达到了4.5万美元到5万美元之间。故选A。
3.A.recording B.blessing
C.recalling D.picking
答案：C
解析：record记录；bless祝福；recall回想起；pick捡起。根据下文“the moment, said, ‘We didn’t know until I kicked one of them and money flew out.’”可知，此处是Rhett在回忆捡到信封的情景。故选C。
4.A.unavoidable B.unconfirmed
C.uneventful D.unexpected
答案：D
解析：unavoidable不可避免的；unconfirmed未证实的；uneventful 平凡的；unexpected意外的。根据上文“Driving through a West Haven crossroads, a young man named Rhett and his friends encountered something extraordinary. There, in the middle of the road, was a box filled with envelopes.”可知，他们是意外发现这些信封的。故选D。
5.A.Instead of B.Owing to
C.In addition to D.In spite of
答案：D
解析：句意：尽管他们指尖上的钱足以改变他们的生活，但他们选择了诚实的道路。instead of而不是；owing to由于；in addition to除……之外；in spite of尽管。结合上下文语境可知，此处为让步转折关系，表示“尽管”，应用in spite of。故选D。
6.A.integrity B.patience
C.tolerance D.generosity
答案：A
解析：integrity正直，诚实；patience耐心；tolerance忍受；generosity慷慨。根据下文“The first reaction was like well, let’s get this to the right person.”可知，他们选择上交信封，选择诚实。故选A。
7.A.eye-catching B.decision-making
C.time-saving D.mind-blowing
答案：B
解析：eye-catching引人注目的；decision-making决策的；time-saving节约时间的；mind-blowing令人兴奋的。根据下文“The first reaction was like: well, let’s get this to the right person.”可知，此处指回顾了他们的决策过程。故选B。
8.A.survival B.progress
C.recovery D.application
答案：C
解析：根据上文“The rightful owner of the money, who had reported it lost, was informed of its”可推知，这笔钱被失主追回，应用recovery。故选C。
9.A.imperfect B.immeasurable
C.impractical D.impure
答案：B
解析：imperfect不完美的；immeasurable不可估量的；impractical不明智的；impure不纯的。根据上文“The relief and gratitude”可知，此处指宽慰和感激无法估量。故选B。
10.A.warned B.doubted
C.applauded D.advocated
答案：C
解析：warn警告；doubt怀疑；applaud鼓掌；advocate提倡。根据上文可知，Rhett选择归还这笔钱，Rhett的妈妈听到失主找回了钱这个消息，高兴得鼓掌。故选C。
11.A.vividly B.frequently
C.casually D.personally
答案：D
解析：根据下文“and offer a reward”可知，失主打算亲自去见这些年轻人，向他们道谢，并给予报酬。故选D。
12.A.victory B.investment
C.response D.reminder
答案：D
解析：victory胜利；investment投资；response回答；reminder提醒物。根据上文“The story of these three young men is a convincing”可知，这个故事是一个对正确的选择和道德勇气的影响的提醒。故选D。
13.A.carry away B.consist of
C.serve as D.rely on
答案：C
解析：根据下文“an inspiration to others”可知，他们的行为成了其他人的激励。故选C。
14.A.recognized B.benefited
C.honored D.alarmed
答案：B
解析：结合上文可知，几个年轻人捡到了一大笔钱，本来可以从中受益的，但他们选择了归还失主。故选B。
15.A.matter B.arise
C.disappear D.remain
答案：A
解析：matter重要；arise出现；disappear消失；remain保持。根据上文“the young men’s decision to return the money is a powerful example of the values that truly”可知，这几个年轻人归还这笔钱的决定是一个强有力的例子，证明了真正重要的价值观。故选A。
Ⅲ.语法填空
An exhibition witnessed the 60th anniversary of the establishment of official relations between France and China, as well as the 2024 Franco-Chinese Year of Cultural Tourism. 1. (title) Ming Gold: Splendors and Beauties of Imperial China, it opened at the Guimet Museum in Paris, 2. (run) from Sept.18 to Jan.13.
Featuring 3. exceptional collection of goldwork masterpieces from the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) , the exhibition, 4. was co-organized by the Qujiang Museum of Fine Arts in Xi’an, allows visitors to discover the excellent craftsmanship (手艺) 5. (rare) found anywhere else in the world.
Lin Shaoping, vice director of the Qujiang Museum of Fine Arts in Xi’an, said, “This year 6. (mark) the 20th anniversary of the opening of the museum. We are devoted to cooperating with museums around the world 7. (display) these Chinese treasures, allowing international 8. (viewer) to enjoy Chinese history and culture.”
Visitors are invited to study the artistic quality of the masterpieces 9. ， through digital and educational content, to learn about the role that gold played in the Ming Dynasty.
The Guimet Museum definitely shone a spotlight on the traditional gold craftsmanship and the art of jewelry during a 10. (gold) era of Chinese civilization.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一次展览，展示了明代黄金工艺品的卓越工艺与历史文化价值。
1.答案：Titled
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语， title与逻辑主语it指代的“An exhibition”之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Titled。
2.答案：running
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语，run与逻辑主语it之间是主动关系，因此使用现在分词作伴随状语。故填running。
3.答案：an
解析：考查冠词。collection是可数名词单数，其前无限定词，此处使用冠词，结合句意可知，此处表示泛指意义，且exceptional的发音以元音音素开头，因此使用不定冠词an。故填an。
4.答案：which
解析：考查定语从句。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词the exhibition指物，所以使用关系代词which。故填which。
5.答案：rarely
解析：考查词性转换。此处为副词作状语，修饰动词found，rare的副词形式为rarely，意为“罕有；很少”，符合句意。故填rarely。
6.答案：marks
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处为谓语动词，根据句意以及this year可知，此处使用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用marks。故填marks。
7.答案：to display
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语，结合句意，此处表示目的，所以使用动词不定式形式，说明合作的目的在于展示这些宝藏。故填to display。
8.答案：viewers
解析：考查名词的单复数。viewer是可数名词，意为“参观者”，空前无限定词，所以此处使用名词复数形式viewers，表示泛指意义。故填viewers。
9.答案：and
解析：考查连词。分析句子结构可知，“to study the artistic quality of the masterpieces”与下文的“to learn about the role that gold played in the Ming Dynasty”构成并列结构，所以此处使用并列连词and。故填and。
10.答案：golden
解析：考查词性转换。此处为形容词作定语，修饰名词era，gold的形容词形式为golden，表示“黄金般的”，golden era意为“黄金时代”，符合句意。故填golden。

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