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(共19张PPT)
Unit 8　
Making a Difference
Section A Grammar Focus
To master the differences between for and since in present perfect tense.
01
To understand the use of durative verbs with for/since, and learn to convert non-durative verbs to durative ones.
02
学习目标
To apply the target grammar in real-life situations.
03
Review
Let’s recall past participles!
1. be → ______ 6. think → ______
2. work → ______ 7. go → ______
3. meet → ______ 8. buy → ______
4. help→ ______ 9. have → ______
5. train→ ______ 10. know → ______
been
worked
met
trained
helped
thought
gone
bought
had
known
How do we talk about an action that started in the past and continues now
Read the sentences. How are for and since used differently
4a
Have you been to our animal shelter before
No, I haven’t. But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time.
Has she ever done volunteer work
Yes, she has. She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August.
How long have you been a volunteer
I have been a volunteer here for a few months.
How long has he worked as a volunteer at the museum
He has volunteered here since his summer holidays started.
for + 时间段
since + 时间点
But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time.
She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August.
since后面接时间点，强调动作或状态的开始时间。
for后面接时间段，强调动作或状态的持续时间。
如何区分时间段和时间点呢？
试着说说哪些是时间点，哪些是时间段吧！
5:30
five years
three minutes
2015
May 5
two months
时间点
时间点
时间段
时间点
时间段
时间段
时间点指的是具体的时间，比如1点、4月7日、2026年12月；
时间段指的是一段时间内，比如说三点到四点，中间这一个小时就是一段时间。
Have you been to our animal shelter before
No, I haven’t. But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time.
Has she ever done volunteer work
Yes, she has. She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August.
How long have you been a volunteer
I have been a volunteer here for a few months.
How long has he worked as a volunteer at the museum
He has volunteered here since his summer holidays started.
观察句中动词，你能发现什么？
这些动词都是延续性动词。
延续性动词与非延续性动词
一、含义：
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生 持久影响。
非延续性动词也叫终止性动词、瞬间动词等，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后即刻停止。
二、用法：
①常见的延续性动词有 learn、work、live、know、walk、watch、sleep、stay、wait、keep 等。
延续性动词可以与表示一段时间的状语连用，如 how long、for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、since 引导的时间状语从句（一般过去时）、since+一段时间+ago 等。
②常见的非延续性动词有 open、close、die、begin、come、go、borrow、lend、buy、move 等，表示某个动作的结果还存在，但不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。有些非延续性动词可以用延续性动词替换。
③在否定句中，非延续性动词可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。
e.g. I haven’t heard from my friend for three weeks.
我已经有三个星期没有收到我朋友的来信了。
三、非延续性动词转换为延续性动词的方法：
①将非延续性动词转化为“be+形容词或副词”，这样才能和时间段连用：
begin/start →be on（开始） go there →be there （去那里）
come back →be back（回来） come here →be here （来这里）
open →be open（开业） close →be closed （关门）
die →be dead（死） marry →be married （结婚）
finish →be over （结束） go to bed →be in bed （上床睡觉）
leave →be away （离开） return →be back （回来）
get out →be out （出去） fall asleep →be asleep （入睡）
lose →be lost （丢失） fall ill →be ill （生病）
get/arrive/reach →be in/at （到达）
join/become →be in/be a member of （参加，加入）
②有的非延续性动词可以转化为意思相同的延续性动词：
非延续性动词 对应的延续性表达 例句
begin/start have/has been on The film has been on for 20 minutes.
finish/stop have/has been over The parade has been over for 2 hours.
come/go/arrive have/has been in/at Kitty has been in HK for two days.
leave have/has been away She has been away from home since Tuesday.
borrow have/has kept She has kept this book since last book.
join have/has been in have/has been a member of Simon has been a member of the Football Club since last year.
marry have/has been married They have been married for 15 years.
die have/has been dead The fish has been dead for some time.
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets and for or since.
4b
1. This college student enjoys volunteering for the army. She __________
(teach) English to the soldiers _____ three years.
2. I __________(be) a member of the Red Cross for six years. I have made
a lot of friends _______ I joined the organization.
3. Mr Wu has taught in a primary school as a volunteer _____ two years
now. ______ he started working there, he __________(help) many
students.
4. The organization ___________(train) over 6,000 volunteers ________ it
began to offer classes three years ago.
has taught
for
have been
since
for
Since
has helped
has trained
since
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
4c
I love being a volunteer! I ____________(work) with a sports organization for almost three years now. Since I started, I ____________ (help) out at over ten different sports events. I ____________(make) many new friends and I _______ even ______ (meet) many famous athletes. For example, I ______(meet) two national football players from Argentina last month. They were at a stadium for a charity match. The stadium _______(be) so big that they _______ (get) lost. I gave them directions and they ________(smile) and__________(thank) me warmly.I am proud to be a volunteer.
have worked
have helped
have made
have
met
met
was
got
smiled
thanked
Work in groups. Interview your groupmates using the questions below. Share the answers with the class.
4d
How long have you ·known your best friend / that girl / ...
·had your favourite toy / bag / ...
·lived in this town / your neighbourhood / ...
Group work
Work in groups. One student acts as an interviewer to interview others and complete the chart. Then report.
Students Things How long
Tony favorite book for two years
basketball since he was 10 years old
Student 1
Student 2
课堂总结
现在完成时
1．现在完成时的
“未完成”用法
2．延续性动词与
非延续性动词
①现在完成时+for+一段时间
②现在完成时+since+表示过去的时间点
③现在完成时+since+从句
①含义
②用法
③非延续性动词转换为延续性动词的
方法：a．转化为“be+形容词或副词”
b．转换为意思相同的延续性动词
当堂检测
句型转换
1. He has already posted the letter. (改为否定句)
He ____________ posted the letter ___________.
2. They have lived here for ten years. (对划线部分提问)
__________ __________ have they lived here
3. I bought this dictionary two weeks ago. (改为同义句)
I __________ ___________ this dictionary for two weeks.
4. She has been a League member for three years. (改为同义句)
She _________ the League three years ago.
5. Has your brother ever been to America (作否定回答)
____________, he ____________.
hasn't
How long
have had
joined
No hasn't
yet
Homework
Use the present perfect tense to describe your own volunteer experiences so far.

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