资源简介

(共23张PPT)
Section A (4a~4d)
Unit 8
Making a Difference
学习目标
1
2
3
能够了解现在完成时中与持续性时间状语连用的典型动词的特点（延续性动词）。
能够梳理和归纳包含 for 和 since 的现在完成时的功能和意义，并在语境中准确理解和使用。
能够在较复杂的语篇语境中理解一般过去时和现在完成时的表意区别。
How long have we known each other
Do you know when I started to work in this school
Let’s talk
How are for and since used differently
We’ve known each other for ...
I started to work here in ...
I’ve worked here since ...
4a
Read the sentences. How are for and since used differently
Have you been to our animal shelter before No, I haven’t. But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time.
Has she ever done volunteer work Yes, she has. She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August.
How long have you been a volunteer I have been a volunteer here for a few months.
How long has he worked as a volunteer at the museum He has volunteered here since his summer holiday started.
Let’s discuss
现在完成时的句子中，since和 for引出表示一段时间的状语，这两个标志词后面接的时间有什么特点？
如果句子中包含表示过去的时间状语，一般会用什么时态？为什么？
现在完成时 核心结构 have / has (助动词) + done (过去分词)
核心功能 过去某个时间发生的事，对现在产生影响。
过去存在的状态一直持续至今。
现在完成时的时间标志词及其用法 since 后接时间点，如 since 2023、since last August 等。
for 后接一段时间，如 for a long time、for three years 等。
since 后不仅可接表示时间的短语，也可接表示时间的状语从句，如 since I was born、since the summer holidays started 等。
2. 如果句子中包含表示过去的时间状语，一般会用什么时态？为什么？
如果句子中包含过去时间，如 three years ago，表示句中的动作只与过去有关，与现在没有联系，通常用一般过去时，而不用现在完成时。
需要注意的是，有少数时间状语既可用于一般过去时，又可用于现在完成时，选择哪种时态需要根据上下文情境而定。例如：
I saw her this morning. / I’ve seen her this morning.
第一句用过去时，表明说话的时候已不是上午，即上午已过去。
第二句用现在完成时，表明说话的时候还是上午，即说话时的时间跟现在相关。
4b
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets and for or since.
This college student enjoys volunteering for the army. She __________ (teach) English to the soldiers ______ three years.
I __________ (be) a member of the Red Cross for six years. I have made a lot of friends ______ I joined the organization.
Mr Wu has taught in a primary school as a volunteer ______ two years now. ______ he started working there, he ________ (help) many students.
The organization __________ (train) over 6,000 volunteers ______ it began to offer classes three years ago.
has taught
have been
Since
since
for
for
has helped
has trained
since
I have bought this bike for three years. 这句话对吗？ 为什么？
当现在完成时与表示持续性时间的状语连用时，该句中的动作或状态需要持续，因而需用延续性动词，如 be、have、keep、own、live、know 等，而不能用 arrive、buy、start、meet、see 等非延续性动词。
因此： I have bought this bike for three years. （ ）
应为：I have had this bike for three years. (√ )
否定句不受此限制，如 ：I haven’t seen you for ages.
Let’s discuss
短暂性 延续性 中文释义 例句
buy have 买了 / 拥有 I have bought this book for 2 years.
I have had this book for 2 years.
borrow keep 借 / 保管 He has borrowed the pen since last week.
He has kept the pen since last week.
join (the club/army) be in / be a member of 加入 / 成为成员 She has joined the team for 3 months.
She has been in the team for 3 months.
leave (sp.) be away (from sp.) 离开 / 不在 They have left Beijing since 2020.
They have been away from Beijing since 2020.
arrive in/at; reach; get to be in/at 到达 / 在某地 He has arrived here for an hour.
He has been here for an hour.
start/begin be on 开始 / 进行中 The movie has begun for 10 minutes.
The movie has been on for 10 minutes.
短暂性 延续性 中文释义 例句
finish/end be over 结束 / 结束了 The class has ended for 5 minutes.
The class has been over for 5 minutes.
die be dead 去世 / 死亡状态 His grandpa has died for 3 years.
His grandpa has been dead for 3 years.
come; go be here/there 来 / 去 / 在这儿 / 那儿 She has come here since 2021.
She has been here since 2021.
marry; get married be married (to sb.) 结婚 / 已婚状态 They have married for 5 years.
They have been married for 5 years.
fall ill/sick be ill/sick 生病 / 生病状态 He has fallen ill for two days.
He has been ill for two days.
短暂性 延续性 中文释义 例句
fall asleep be asleep 睡着 / 睡着状态 The baby has fallen asleep for an hour.
The baby has been asleep for an hour.
open be open 打开 / 开着的状态 The shop has opened for a week.
The shop has been open for a week.
close be closed 关闭 / 关着的状态 The library has closed for two hours.
The library has been closed for two hours.
把下面的两个句子合并成一句，用 for 或 since 改写为现在完成时，注意把短暂性动词换成延续性动词。
1. He left his hometown in 2018. He is still away now.
→ He ______ ______ ______ from his hometown ______ 2018.
2. I borrowed this book last week. I still have it now.
→ I ______ ______ this book ______ last week.
3. The film started ten minutes ago. It is still on now.
→ The film ______ ______ ______ for ten minutes.
Practice
has been away
have kept
has been on
since
since
4. She joined the music club in 2022. She is still a member now.
→ She ______ ______ ______ the music club ______ 2022.
5. They moved to this city 5 years ago. They still live here now.
→ They ______ ______ in this city ______ 5 years.
6. My grandpa died in 2021. He has been dead for 5 years.（仿照例句改写）
→ My grandpa ______ ______ ______ since 2021.
7. I bought this phone in 2024. I still use it now.
→ I ______ ______ this phone ______ 2024.
has been in
have lived
has been dead
have had
since
for
since
通读短文，理解大意，并圈出所有时间词 / 语境提示，判断句子时态：
看到 for almost three years now / Since I started → 现在完成时（动作从过去持续到现在 / 对现在有影响）
看到 last month / 上下文的过去场景（They were at a stadium...）→ 一般过去时（动作只发生在过去，和现在无关）
I love being a volunteer! I __________ (work) with a sports organization for almost three years now. Since I started, I __________ (help) out at over ten different sports events. I __________ (make) many new friends and I ______ even ______ (meet) many famous athletes. For example, I _______ (meet) two national football players from Argentina last month. They were at a stadium for a charity match. The stadium ________ (be) so big that they _______ (get) lost. I gave them directions and they ________ (smile) and ________ (thank) me warmly. I am proud to be a volunteer.
have worked
have helped
have made
have
met
met
was
got
smiled
thanked
4c
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
Read again and answer the following questions. Then retell the passage.
How long has she been a volunteer
How many sports events has she helped out at
Who did she meet at a charity match last month
What did the girl do to help them
How does the girl feel about being a volunteer
She has been a volunteer for almost three years.
She has helped out at over ten different sports events.
She met two national football players from Argentina.
She gave them directions.
She is proud to be a volunteer.
4d
Work in groups. Interview your groupmates using the questions below.
How long have you known your best friend / ...
had your favourite toy / ...
lived in your neighbourhood / ...
小组选择一个话题，并设计调查问题，在组内展开调查。
For example
Topic 1: Best Friend
How long have you known your best friend
When did you meet him or her
Topic 2: Favorite Toy
How long have you had your favourite toy
What toy is it
When did you get it
Topic 3: Neighbourhood
How long have you lived in your neighbourhood
Where do you live
When did you begin to live there
1. About best friend:
______ has known his/her best friend for ______ years. He / She met him/her in ______ (Year / Grade).
2. About favourite toy:
______ has had his/her favourite toy for ______ years. It is a ______. He / She got it from ______.
3. About neighborhood:
______ has lived in his / her neighbourhood for ______ years. He / She moved there in ______.
4c
Share the answers with the class.
Speak loudly & clearly.
Look at your audience.
Use gestures & facial expressions.
Keep it 2–3 minutes long.
Be confident!
Hello, everyone. I interviewed my groupmates, and here are my findings. Student A ... Student B ... Student C... And I ...
From the interview, I learned that ... (many of us have long friendships and special memories). Thank you!
课堂总结
通过本课的学习，我能够:
1. 正确拼读并运用本课单词和短语:
army, soldier, primary, help out, charity, warmly
2. 梳理和归纳包含 for 和 since 的现在完成时的功能和意义，并在语境中准确理解和使用。
3. 了解现在完成时中与持续性时间状语连用的典型动词的特点（延续性动词）。
4. 在较复杂的语篇语境中理解一般过去时和现在完成时的表意区别。
Homework
读课本 P108-109 现在完成时相关语法知识，并整理本节课的语法笔记。
采访父母，询问家里物件的历史，例如：家里的电器、家具或其他物件是什么时候购买的？已经使用了多久？将调查结果写一段话，不少于 60 词。

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