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并列句和状语从句
考点1　并列连词
常考并 列连词 表示转折、 对比关系 but; yet (然而); while (然而)
表示并 列关系 and; both... and...; not only...but (also)...; neither... nor...
表示选 择关系 or; either... or...; not... but...
表示因 果关系 so; for(一般不放在句首)
续表
特殊并列连词及并列句 when可用作并列连词，意为“这时，那时”,相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式: ①sb. was about to do sth. when...“某人正要做某事，这时突然……” ②sb. was on the point of doing sth. when...“某人正要做某事，这时突然……” ③sb. was doing sth. when...“某人正在做某事，这时突然……” ④sb. had just done sth. when...“某人刚做完某事，这时突然……”
在“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”结构中，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I thought my pronunciation was the problem, so I explained again more slowly, but he still looked confused. 我想是我的发音出了问题，所以我又慢慢地解释了一遍，但他仍然看起来很困惑。
In his career, not only has he published numerous groundbreaking scientific papers, but also he has mentored countless young researchers, shaping the future of his field.在他的职业生涯中，他不仅发表了众多开创性的科学论文，还指导了无数年轻研究人员，塑造了他所在领域的未来。
I was driving down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.我正在开车去伦敦，这时突然发现自己走错了路。
We were about to get down the hill when it suddenly began to snow heavily.我们正打算下山，这时突然开始下起了大雪。
考点2　状语从句
(一)时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的连词有when、as、while、after、before、since、once、until、till、as soon as、every time/each time、the moment、the minute、immediately、directly、instantly等。
1.表示“一……就……”的连词引导的时间状语从句
(1)引导时间状语从句，且表示“一……就……”含义的词或短语有as soon as、the moment、the minute、the instant、immediately、directly、instantly、hardly/scarcely...when...、no sooner...than...等。
(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)The moment I got off the plane, I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought.一下飞机，我就疯狂地跑过机场大楼，毫不犹豫地跳上了第一辆出租车。
(2)在hardly/scarcely...when...、no sooner...than...结构中，主句用过去完成时,when或than所在的从句用一般过去时；当no sooner和hardly/scarcely位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
Hardly had I got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.我刚到办公室，妻子就打电话让我马上回家。
2.before与since的常用句式
连词 词义 常用句式
before 在……之前，还未……就……；……才……;还没来得及……就…… (1)It will (not) be＋一段时间＋before...“(没有)过……(时间)才……” (2)It was not long before...“不久……就……” (3)It was＋一段时间＋before...“过了……(时间)才……”
since 自……以来 It is/has been＋一段时间＋since...(从句用一般过去时)
It will be another two weeks before we can finish this project.我们还需要两个星期才能完成这个项目。
As is reported,it is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.正如所报道的那样，清华大学建校已有一百多年了。
3.every time、each time、next time、the first time、by the time等引导的时间状语从句
I fell in love with A Dream of Red Mansions the first time I read it.我第一次读《红楼梦》时就喜欢上了它。
4.till/until的用法
till/until用于肯定句，表示“直到……为止”,其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词;not...until/till...表示“直到……才……”,not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词。until 可用于句首，而till 不能用于句首。
If you don’t understand something,you may research,study,and talk to other people until you figure it out.如果你有不懂的东西，你可以研究、学习以及和其他人进行交谈，直到你把它弄明白。
She didn’t start the lesson until the pupils settled down.直到学生们安静下来后，她才开始上课。
(二)地点状语从句
where和wherever皆可引导地点状语从句,where指某一固定地方，而wherever指任何一个地方。
I’ll go where he went.
我要去他去过的地方。(特定地点)
I’ll go wherever he goes.他去哪儿我就去哪儿。(任意地点)
(三)原因状语从句
1.because为常用词，其语气最重，且说明的是直接原因，用来回答why引导的问句。
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) Her delay came because she was carrying a competitor across the finish line.她的推迟是因为她带着一个竞争对手冲过了终点线。
2.as、since和now that语气较弱，常用来表示一些显而易见或对方知道的原因。since意为“既然，鉴于”时，不可用as替换。
As it was getting late, I decided to book into a hotel. 由于天色已晚，我决定去一家旅馆住宿。
Since he had broken the rule,he deserved being punished.既然他违反了规则，他应该受到惩罚。
(四)结果状语从句
常用句型：
He is such a learned person that we all admire him very much.
=He is so learned a person that we all admire him very much.
他是如此知识渊博的一个人，以至于我们都非常欣赏他。
(五)目的状语从句
1.in order that与so that引导的目的状语从句
in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后；而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。
Take action today so that/in order that you won’t miss your opportunity next time.今天就行动起来，这样你就不会错过下次机会了。
2.for fear that与in case引导的目的状语从句
for fear that表示“唯恐；生怕”;in case表示“以免，以防”。
Leave a spare key with your neighbor in case you lock yourself out one day.留一把备用钥匙给你的邻居，以防哪天你把自己锁在门外。
They hid themselves behind some bushes for fear that the enemy found them.他们躲在树丛后面，生怕敌人发现他们。
(六)条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的连词(词组)有if、unless、so/as long as、in case (如果)、on condition that、suppose/supposing (that)、providing/provided (that)等。
1.条件状语从句中如果主句是将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时。如果条件状语从句中出现过去时，则为虚拟条件句，主句要用相应的虚拟语气形式。
If he had listened carefully,he would have done it better.如果他认真听讲的话，他就会做得更好些。
2.unless相当于if...not,在虚拟条件句中可用if...not,但不能用unless。
Unless you apologize, I won’t speak to you again.除非你道歉，否则我不会再和你说话。
We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold hadn’t offered us a ride home.昨天如果哈罗德不让我们搭车回家的话，我们就会叫出租车了。
(七)让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的连词(词组)有although、though、even if、even though、as、whether、no matter what/who/how/where/when(=whatever/whoever/however/wherever/whenever)、while (一般置于句首)等。
1.though与although常可互换使用。though或although引导让步状语从句时，后面的主句不能用but,但可用yet或still。
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Although the two young women were strangers before the meet,they’ve since become friends.虽然这两个年轻女子在见面之前是陌生人，但她们后来成了朋友。
2.as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装，即把从句的表语、状语或谓语中的实义动词提前，如果表语是带冠词的名词，冠词必须省略。though引导的让步状语从句可倒装也可不倒装。
Child as/though he is,he has helped me a lot.尽管他是个孩子，但他却帮了我很多忙。
Try as/though he might,he could not find a satisfying job.尽管他尝试过了，但是他还是找不到令人满意的工作。
Fast as you read, you can’t finish the book in two days.即使你读得很快，你也不可能在两天内读完这本书。
3.while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。
While I admit that there are problems,I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意这些问题不能解决。
4.“疑问词＋-ever”引导的让步状语从句。
“where/what/who/whom/when/which/how＋-ever”表示“无论……”,引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter where/what/who/whom/when/which/how。
Whenever/No matter when we have trouble with our studies,our teachers always help us patiently.每当我们学习有困难时，我们的老师总是耐心地帮助我们。
5.whether...or...引导让步状语从句时，意为“不管……还是……”。
Whether he comes here or we go there,the topic of the discussion will remain unchanged.不管他来这儿还是我们去那儿，讨论的话题都会保持不变。
6.even if/though引导的让步状语从句。
even if/though引导让步状语从句时，表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使，即便”。
The Internet has made it possible for friends to keep in touch easily even though/if they are on opposite sides of the world. 即使朋友们天各一方，互联网也能使他们轻松保持联系。
(八)方式状语从句
方式状语从句常由as (按照，像……那样)、as if (=as though仿佛，好像；从句可用虚拟语气)等引导。
In brief,do as the Chinese do when in China.简而言之，在中国时就像中国人做的那样做。
(九)比较状语从句
1.引导比较状语从句的连词(词组)有as...as、not so/as...as、than等。
2.as和than引导的从句，常省略与主句中相同的部分，只留下相比较的部分；常用替代动词do等形式代替与主句相同的谓语部分。
It’s warmer in spring than (it is) in winter.春天比冬天暖和。
He doesn’t speak English as well as you do.他英语说得不如你好。
单句语法填空
1.(人教必修一)My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature because/since/as I like English and I’m good at it.
2.(译林选必二)Whether you come first or last, it is important to remember that at any sporting event, you face two opponents: your fellow competitors and yourself.
3.(北师大必修一)He had met wonderful teachers from small villages during his early school years and he was inspired by them to go and teach where he was needed the most.
4.(外研必修三)People have been more inspired by Franklin’s spirit of scientific exploration than by the facts themselves.
5.(人教选必三)Though/Although/While it is over 500 years old, it looks as fresh and full of life as the day it was created.
6.(译林选必一)No matter how bad my mood is,that perfect combination is always enough to lift my spirits.
7.(外研必修一)I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard when I heard a voice behind me.
8.(译林选必一)Not only is cooking at home cheaper, but I can cook exactly what I want.(共29张PPT)
并列句和状语从句
考点解读
考点1　并列连词
常考并 列连词 表示转折、 对比关系 but; yet (然而)； while (然而)
表示并 列关系 and; both... and...；
not only...but (also)...；
neither... nor...
表示选择关系 or; either... or...； not... but...
表示因果关系 so; for(一般不放在句首)
特殊并列连词及并列句 when可用作并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式:
①sb. was about to do sth. when...“某人正要做某事，这时突然……”
②sb. was on the point of doing sth. when...“某人正要做某事，这时突然……”
③sb. was doing sth. when...“某人正在做某事，这时突然……”
④sb. had just done sth. when...“某人刚做完某事，这时突然……”
在“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构中，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I thought my pronunciation was the problem, so I explained again more slowly, but he still looked confused. 我想是我的发音出了问题，所以我又慢慢地解释了一遍，但他仍然看起来很困惑。
In his career, not only has he published numerous groundbreaking scientific papers, but also he has mentored countless young researchers, shaping the future of his field.在他的职业生涯中，他不仅发表了众多开创性的科学论文，还指导了无数年轻研究人员，塑造了他所在领域的未来。
I was driving down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.我正在开车去伦敦，这时突然发现自己走错了路。
We were about to get down the hill when it suddenly began to snow heavily.我们正打算下山，这时突然开始下起了大雪。
考点2　状语从句
(一)时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的连词有when、as、while、after、before、since、once、until、till、as soon as、every time/each time、the moment、the minute、immediately、directly、instantly等。
1.表示“一……就……”的连词引导的时间状语从句
(1)引导时间状语从句，且表示“一……就……”含义的词或短语有as soon as、the moment、the minute、the instant、immediately、directly、instantly、hardly/scarcely...when...、no sooner...than...等。
(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)The moment I got off the plane, I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought.一下飞机，我就疯狂地跑过机场大楼，毫不犹豫地跳上了第一辆出租车。
(2)在hardly/scarcely...when...、no sooner...than...结构中，主句用过去完成时，when或than所在的从句用一般过去时；当no sooner和hardly/scarcely位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
Hardly had I got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.我刚到办公室，妻子就打电话让我马上回家。
2.before与since的常用句式
连词 词义 常用句式
before 在……之前，还未……就……；……才……；还没来得及……就…… (1)It will (not) be+一段时间+before...
“(没有)过……(时间)才……”
(2)It was not long before...“不久……就……”
(3)It was+一段时间+before...“过了……(时间)才……”
since 自……以来 It is/has been+一段时间+since...(从句用一般过去时)
It will be another two weeks before we can finish this project.我们还需要两个星期才能完成这个项目。
As is reported, it is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.正如所报道的那样，清华大学建校已有一百多年了。
3.every time、each time、next time、the first time、by the time等引导的时间状语从句
I fell in love with A Dream of Red Mansions the first time I read it.我第一次读《红楼梦》时就喜欢上了它。
4.till/until的用法
till/until用于肯定句，表示“直到……为止”，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词；not...until/till...表示“直到……才……”，not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词。until 可用于句首，而till 不能用于句首。
If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you figure it out.如果你有不懂的东西，你可以研究、学习以及和其他人进行交谈，直到你把它弄明白。
She didn’t start the lesson until the pupils settled down.直到学生们安静下来后，她才开始上课。
(二)地点状语从句
where和wherever皆可引导地点状语从句，where指某一固定地方，而wherever指任何一个地方。
I’ll go where he went.
我要去他去过的地方。(特定地点)
I’ll go wherever he goes.他去哪儿我就去哪儿。(任意地点)
(三)原因状语从句
1.because为常用词，其语气最重，且说明的是直接原因，用来回答why引导的问句。
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) Her delay came because she was carrying a competitor across the finish line.她的推迟是因为她带着一个竞争对手冲过了终点线。
2.as、since和now that语气较弱，常用来表示一些显而易见或对方知道的原因。since意为“既然，鉴于”时，不可用as替换。
As it was getting late, I decided to book into a hotel. 由于天色已晚，我决定去一家旅馆住宿。
Since he had broken the rule, he deserved being punished.既然他违反了规则，他应该受到惩罚。
(四)结果状语从句
常用句型：
He is such a learned person that we all admire him very much.
=He is so learned a person that we all admire him very much.
他是如此知识渊博的一个人，以至于我们都非常欣赏他。
(五)目的状语从句
1.in order that与so that引导的目的状语从句
in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后；而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。
Take action today so that/in order that you won’t miss your opportunity next time.今天就行动起来，这样你就不会错过下次机会了。
2.for fear that与in case引导的目的状语从句
for fear that表示“唯恐；生怕”；in case表示“以免，以防”。
Leave a spare key with your neighbor in case you lock yourself out one day.留一把备用钥匙给你的邻居，以防哪天你把自己锁在门外。
They hid themselves behind some bushes for fear that the enemy found them.他们躲在树丛后面，生怕敌人发现他们。
(六)条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的连词(词组)有if、unless、so/as long as、in case (如果)、on condition that、suppose/supposing (that)、providing/provided (that)等。
1.条件状语从句中如果主句是将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时。如果条件状语从句中出现过去时，则为虚拟条件句，主句要用相应的虚拟语气形式。
If he had listened carefully, he would have done it better.如果他认真听讲的话，他就会做得更好些。
2.unless相当于if...not，在虚拟条件句中可用if...not，但不能用
unless。
Unless you apologize, I won’t speak to you again.除非你道歉，否则我不会再和你说话。
We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold hadn’t offered us a ride home.昨天如果哈罗德不让我们搭车回家的话，我们就会叫出租车了。
(七)让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的连词(词组)有although、though、even if、even though、as、whether、no matter what/who/how/where/when (=whatever/whoever/however/wherever/whenever)、while (一般置于句首)等。
1.though与although常可互换使用。though或although引导让步状语从句时，后面的主句不能用but，但可用yet或still。
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Although the two young women were strangers before the meet, they’ve since become friends.虽然这两个年轻女子在见面之前是陌生人，但她们后来成了朋友。
2.as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装，即把从句的表语、状语或谓语中的实义动词提前，如果表语是带冠词的名词，冠词必须省略。though引导的让步状语从句可倒装也可不倒装。
Child as/though he is, he has helped me a lot.尽管他是个孩子，但他却帮了我很多忙。
Try as/though he might, he could not find a satisfying job.尽管他尝试过了，但是他还是找不到令人满意的工作。
Fast as you read, you can’t finish the book in two days.即使你读得很快，你也不可能在两天内读完这本书。
3.while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。
While I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意这些问题不能解决。
4.“疑问词+-ever”引导的让步状语从句。
“where/what/who/whom/when/which/how+-ever”表示“无论……”，引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter where/what/who/whom/when/which/how。
Whenever/No matter when we have trouble with our studies, our teachers always help us patiently.每当我们学习有困难时，我们的老师总是耐心地帮助我们。
5.whether...or...引导让步状语从句时，意为“不管……还是……”。
Whether he comes here or we go there, the topic of the discussion will remain unchanged.不管他来这儿还是我们去那儿，讨论的话题都会保持不变。
6.even if/though引导的让步状语从句。
even if/though引导让步状语从句时，表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使，即便”。
The Internet has made it possible for friends to keep in touch easily even though/if they are on opposite sides of the world. 即使朋友们天各一方，互联网也能使他们轻松保持联系。
(八)方式状语从句
方式状语从句常由as (按照，像……那样)、as if (=as though仿佛，好像；从句可用虚拟语气)等引导。
In brief, do as the Chinese do when in China.简而言之，在中国时就像中国人做的那样做。
(九)比较状语从句
1.引导比较状语从句的连词(词组)有as...as、not so/as...as、than等。
2.as和than引导的从句，常省略与主句中相同的部分，只留下相比较的部分；常用替代动词do等形式代替与主句相同的谓语部分。
It’s warmer in spring than (it is) in winter.春天比冬天暖和。
He doesn’t speak English as well as you do.他英语说得不如你好。
实战演练
单句语法填空
1.(人教必修一)My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature _______________ I like English and I’m good at it.
2.(译林选必二)Whether you come first ___________ last, it is important to remember that at any sporting event, you face two opponents: your fellow competitors and yourself.
3.(北师大必修一)He had met wonderful teachers from small villages during his early school years and he was inspired by them to go and teach ___________ he was needed the most.
because/since/as
or
where
4.(外研必修三)People have been more inspired by Franklin’s spirit of scientific exploration ___________ by the facts themselves.
5.(人教选必三) ______________________ it is over 500 years old, it looks as fresh and full of life as the day it was created.
6.(译林选必一)No matter ___________ bad my mood is, that perfect combination is always enough to lift my spirits.
7.(外研必修一)I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard ___________ I heard a voice behind me.
8.(译林选必一)Not only is cooking at home cheaper, ___________ I can cook exactly what I want.
than
Though/Although/While
how
when
but

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