资源简介

核心素养测评 Unit 1　Cultural Heritage
(30分钟　32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分20分)
A
“A fish out of water.” “A bike without a chain.” There are many metaphors for culture shock, all of which attempt to describe the unique experience of being far from one’s home country and culture.
Scientists have studied culture shock for over a century.Rather than focus on the purely negative aspects, psychologists describe it as a process of stress and adjustment.The first stage is the honeymoon phase, when we are filled with excitement about being in another country.Eventually, as daily challenges arise, we enter a state of crisis and anxiety, harboring unfriendly feelings about the host culture.The longer we are immersed in the culture, we adjust and recover from those negative feelings.Finally, after some time we adjust even more and fully accept the new culture.
One of the factors that determine how we react to cultural stress is our personality.Not surprisingly, extraverts(外向者) tend to have an easier time adjusting to new cultures.That is because being in a new country means meeting many new people and spending a lot of time around them, and extraverts thrive in these situations.But introverts simply prefer to be alone after spending time in groups, and only have limited energy to spend in social settings.
Cultural intelligence, or CQ, also plays its part.Cultural intelligence is defined as the capability of an individual to function effectively in situations characterized by cultural diversity.It has to do with our interest in interacting with people from culturally diverse backgrounds, and our ability to adapt to new cultural context.It is argued that the higher our CQ, the lesser the effect of culture shock on our ability to cope in new situations.
Many effective coping strategies are interpersonal.A recent study found that relating to others with empathy is significantly associated with lower stress levels abroad.The more we are able to take on other people’s points of view, the more positive our interpersonal relationships and thus our adaptation to the stress of culture shock.
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 说明文
主题 语境 人与社会(文化交流)
语篇 内容 文章主要介绍了文化冲击的含义和应对文化冲击的策略
语篇 结构 Para.1 Metaphors for culture shock
Para.2 The process of culture shock
Para.3 Personality and its role in culture shock
Para.4 Cultural intelligence and its role in coping with culture shock
Para.5 Interpersonal coping strategies for culture shock
【命题意图】
1.What is the function of the first paragraph 第一段主要讲述有很多比喻用来描述文化冲击,这些比喻都试图描绘出远离自己国家和文化的独特体验。此题旨在考查读者对文章第一段的目的和功能的理解
2.How will a person feel the moment he arrives in a foreign country 第二段主要讲述文化冲击是压力调整过程,经历兴奋、危机、适应到接受新文化。此题旨在测试读者对第二段中描述的文化冲击第一阶段的理解
3.Who will most probably be affected by the cultural shock 第三段主要讲述外向的人往往更容易适应新文化,但内向的人只是喜欢在集体活动后独处。此题旨在评估读者对第三段内容的理解,特别是个性特征如何影响个体对文化冲击的反应
4.What is important for dealing with the cultural shock 第五段讲述用同理心与他人交往,在国外的压力水平会显著降低。此题旨在考查读者对第五段内容的理解,特别是关于应对文化冲击的有效策略
1.What is the function of the first paragraph
A.Explaining the quotes.
B.Raising an argument.
C.Introducing the topic.
D.Presenting an example.2.How will a person feel the moment he arrives in a foreign country
A.Anxious.　　　　 B.Thrilled.
C.Shocked. D.Grateful.3.Who will most probably be affected by the cultural shock
A.An active boy interested in anything new.
B.A shy boy unwilling to socialize with strangers.
C.A quiet girl open to diverse cultural backgrounds.
D.A communicative girl fluent in the local language.4.What is important for dealing with the cultural shock
A.Lowering the stress level.
B.Developing self-awareness.
C.Analyzing the cause of discomfort.
D.Understanding others with sympathy.【阅读障碍】
【长难句分析】
Eventually, as daily challenges arise, we enter a state of crisis and anxiety, harboring unfriendly feelings about the host culture.
分析:本句中,as引导时间状语从句,harboring是现在分词作状语;另外harbor 词性活用,此处作动词,意为“怀有”。
翻译:最终,随着日常挑战的出现,我们进入了一种危机和焦虑的状态,对东道国文化怀有不友好的感觉。
B
(2026·合肥模拟)
Among world languages, English places perhaps the highest value on the expressions of thanks, especially in formal and business settings.So it’s logical that English speakers tend to conflate the expression of thankfulness with the feeling of thankfulness.If somebody didn’t say “thanks”, we often think, they must not have been very grateful.And yet, in English, “thank you” gets used so frequently that it can easily start to feel habitual.
But do we say it as much as we think in our casual interactions with family and friends A new research paper titled Universals and Cultural Diversity in the Expression of Thankfulness suggests that no, we do not.
The research team behind the paper looked for expressions of thankfulness in daily informal interactions across eight languages: English, Italian, Polish, Russian, Lao, Cha’palaa, Murrinhpatha, and Siwu.The findings suggest the universal way in which thankfulness is expressed is not through giving thanks, but rather through participation in a social agreement in which mutual(相互的) assistance and working together are the norm.In fact, the practice of giving thanks seems to have little impact on the practice of mutual exchange.
The practice of giving thanks also varies culturally. In India, for example, people—especially when they are your elders, relatives, or close friends—tend to feel that by thanking them, you’re weakening your closeness with them and creating formality and distance that shouldn’t exist! In contrast, in England, expressing thankfulness through words is seen as a positive strengthening of relationships, promoting goodwill and connection.
Nick Enfield, lead researcher of the study, suggests that most of the 6,000 to 7,000 world languages don’t have a word for “thank you”. “When we consider the negative effects of thanking close relations alongside the fact that many languages are spoken in very small communities where speakers are likely to know each other, that claim starts to feel quite reasonable.”
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。研究发现不同文化表达感激的方式有差异,很多语言甚至无“谢谢”一词,且普遍表达靠互助合作。
5.What does the underlined word “conflate” in Paragraph 1 mean
A.Compare.　　　 B.Replace.
C.Figure out. D.Mix up.6.How do people express thankfulness universally according to the study
A.By saying thanks directly.
B.By making social agreements.
C.By using body language.
D.By helping and cooperating.7.How do Indians view the practice of giving thanks to relatives
A.It weakens their bond.
B.It reduces their social distance.
C.It enhances their connection.
D.It promotes their mutual trust.8.What does Nick Enfield imply in the last paragraph
A.Many cultures do not emphasize thankfulness.
B.Thankfulness might not be expressed in words.
C.Small communities prefer to thank close friends.
D.The negative effects of thanking should be avoided.Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
With the development of globalization, “interconnectivity” has become a buzzword(流行词) of the modern world.Although this trend brings lots of advantages, it can also present some challenges.　9　 Understanding and overcoming cultural barriers is very important in daily life.Here are some tips on how to properly handle cultural differences.
Be self-aware and acknowledge differences.Most cross-cultural misunderstandings come from a single-minded opinion.If we judge others through our own culture, we may end up with wrong interpretations.Failing to acknowledge differences may easily lead to misconceptions and even conflicts.　10　
Do research and learn about other cultures.After cultural differences are acknowledged, it’s important to learn more about them.　11　 Understanding the reasoning behind one’s actions can reduce “wrong labeling” and lead to a more effective cooperation and communication process.
　12　 Try your best to avoid quick judgments and be open to new beliefs and behaviors.Find out what you have in common and learn how to make the best use of each unique characteristic.Respect the fact that others have distinct core values.
All in all, dealing with cultural differences is quite challenging and requires a lot of work.　13　 When you meet people from different cultures and backgrounds next time, just be mindful, and stay open-minded and patient.
A.One of them is cultural barriers.
B.Be open-minded, adaptable and respectful.
C.You can either do your own research or simply ask others about them.
D.Employees should be prepared to work in a multicultural environment.
E.However, the results of overcoming these barriers far outweigh the effort.
F.Actually, travelling abroad is not the only way to overcome cultural barriers.
G.Therefore, we should accept differences and learn more about others’ backgrounds.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章提供了一些处理文化差异的建议,包括自我认知、学习不同文化和保持开放尊重的态度。
- 10 -核心素养测评 Unit 5　Music
(40分钟　42.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共12小题;每小题2.5分,满分30分)
A
Imagine this situation: you live on a tiny island off the north coast of Australia, and you and most of your friends have never even been to Darwin.You all love dancing: any style, any time, but especially at the local disco, where hundreds of local kids gather every weekend.
Then one day, on a dusty basketball court, your group is doing an up-beat version of the Sirtaki dance from the 1964 movie Zorba the Greek.Someone films it, and the film is up-loaded to the Internet.It’s so funny that suddenly you are a sensation, with thousands of hits in the first few days.Before long, you are receiving invitations to perform all over Australia.
This did happen in 2007 to the Chooky Dancers, an Indigenous dance group who live on Elcho Island, off the coast of Arnhem Land.Since then, the energetic and very amusing Chookies have performed at numerous comedy festivals and cultural events all around Australia.They have also appeared in a full-length feature film.These young Yolngu men absorb and then reinvent dance moves from everywhere: from traditional Indigenous dance styles and ideas, to techno and hip hop, kung fu and Bollywood.
And now the Chookies have gone global.In early 2011, they travelled out of Australia for the first time.They went to Beijing, the capital of China, where they performed their particular brand of dance to a Chinese TV audience of probably close to one billion.
The Chookies’ act was part of one of China’s biggest annual shows—the Spring Festival Gala.Over the years the festival has hosted a huge variety of acts from all around the world and of every imaginable style and content.Even so, the audience had seen nothing like the Chooky Dancers, who began, as usual, with a traditional Yolngu dance, before breaking out into their signature Zorba.The Chinese were totally won over.
It’s a great international, multicultural, outback youth success story—an Indigenous Australian dance troupe performs a techno version of a Greek dance on Chinese TV!
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 记叙文
主题 语境 人与社会(音乐与艺术)
语篇 内容 主要叙述了“Chooky Dancers”这支澳大利亚土著舞蹈团成名并成功走向世界的故事
语篇 结构 Para.1 Island residents’ love for dancing, especially at the local disco.
Para.2 Viral video of islanders dancing leads to nationwide fame.
Para.3 The Chooky Dancers’ rise in Australia through diverse dance performances.
Para.4 Chookies’ first international performance in Beijing.
Para.5 Chooky Dancers’ unique performance at China’s Spring Festival Gala.
Para.6 The significance of Chookies’ multicultural success story.
【命题意图】
1.What is the effect of using “you” in the first two paragraphs 前两段主要关于小岛居民跳希腊舞视频爆红,受邀全国表演。 此题旨在考查读者对文章中使用第二人称“you”的效果的理解
2.What do we know about the dance that made the Chooky Dancers famous 第二段主要关于小岛上的居民在篮球场跳瑟塔基舞,视频上传后爆红。 这个问题旨在评估读者对使Chooky Dancers成名的舞蹈的了解
3.What does the underlined word “signature” in Paragraph 5 mean 第五段Chooky Dancers在中国春晚上表演了他们独特的舞蹈。 此题的目的是考查读者对文中画线词“signature”含义的理解
4.What could be the best title of this passage 文章主要叙述了“Chooky Dancers”这支澳大利亚土著舞蹈团成名并成功走向世界的故事。这个问题旨在评估读者对整篇文章主题的理解
1.What is the effect of using “you” in the first two paragraphs
A.To bring the readers into someone else’s world.
B.To make the readers feel sorry for the dancers.
C.To encourage the readers to see the topic from all sides.
D.To remind the readers of similar experiences they have had.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据首段首句“Imagine this situation: you live on a tiny island off the north coast of Australia, and you and most of your friends have never even been to Darwin.(想象一下这种情况:你住在澳大利亚北海岸的一个小岛上,你和你的大多数朋友甚至从未去过达尔文市。)”和第二段中的“Before long, you are receiving invitations to perform all over Australia.(不久,你将收到在澳大利亚各地演出的邀请。)”以及第三段中的“This did happen in 2007 to the Chooky Dancers, an Indigenous dance group who live on Elcho Island, off the coast of Arnhem Land.(这种情况在2007年确实发生在Chooky Dancers身上,这是一个居住在阿纳姆海岸外埃尔乔岛上的土著舞蹈团体。)”可知,文章前两段设置了一种情境,用第二人称将读者代入到这种情境中,第三段又提到这种情境在2007年确实发生在Chooky Dancers身上,所以,作者在前两段使用第二人称的效果是把读者带入别人的世界中。故选A。
2.What do we know about the dance that made the Chooky Dancers famous
A.It was invented by themselves.
B.It was adapted from a film.
C.It was learned from the Internet.
D.It was taught to them in Greece.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段(然后有一天,在尘土飞扬的篮球场上,你的团队正在表演1964年电影《希腊人佐巴》中的轻快版瑟塔基舞。有人把它拍下来,然后上传到网上。很有趣的是,你突然间成为了一个轰动,在头几天就有成千上万的点击量。不久之后,你就会收到澳大利亚各地的演出邀请。)可知,让Chooky Dancers舞蹈团成名的舞蹈是改编自1964 年电影《希腊人佐巴》中的 Sirtaki(瑟塔基舞:一种希腊民间舞蹈)。故选B。
3.What does the underlined word “signature”in Paragraph 5 mean
A.The stylish name writing.
B.The international version.
C.The theme music.
D.The representative work.
【解析】选D。 词义猜测题。根据第五段“Even so, the audience had seen nothing like the Chooky Dancers, who began, as usual, with a traditional Yolngu dance, before breaking out into their signature Zorba.(即便如此,观众们也没有见过像Chooky Dancers那样的舞蹈,他们像往常一样,以传统的约尔古舞蹈开始,然后爆发出他们的招牌佐巴舞。)”可知,Chooky Dancers以传统的约尔古舞蹈开始,然后爆发出佐巴舞,可知,佐巴舞属于他们的代表作品。故选D。
4.What could be the best title of this passage
A.Chooky Dancers Go Global
B.The Chookies Appear in Beijing
C.Dancing Perfectly Combines with Basketball
D.Technology Makes Improvements in Dancing
【解析】选A。最佳标题题。根据文章最后一段(这是一个伟大的国际、多元文化、内陆青年的成功故事——一个澳大利亚土著舞蹈团在中国电视上表演希腊舞蹈的电子版本!)可知,文章主要讲述的是一个澳大利亚土著舞蹈团走向国际,最终成名的故事。故选A。
B
From the swinging rhythms of the 1950s to the autotuned hooks of today, pop music has undergone a remarkable transformation. But what exactly has changed, and how can we measure it
Researchers identify two major “melodic(旋律的) revolutions” in pop music history: one in 1975 and another in 2000. These turning points mark significant shifts in the structure and complexity of hit melodies. Interestingly, these musical milestones aren’t perfectly in line with the revolutions in harmony and tone color, suggesting that different aspects of music may evolve at different rates.
During these revolutions, melodies have generally become simpler, both in terms of pitch(音高) and rhythm. Modern pop hits tend to use a smaller range of notes and simpler rhythmic patterns compared to those from the 1950s and 1960s. At the same time, there was a dramatic increase in “note density”—the number of notes squeezed into each second of music. This means that while today’s pop melodies might be simpler in structure, they’re often delivered more rapidly, creating a sense of energy and urgency that wasn’t as common in earlier decades.
There are several interesting possibilities for what is happening. One theory suggests that as other aspects of music production—like complex electronic beats and richly layered instrumentation—have become more sophisticated, melodies have had to be simplified to maintain a balance. Another explanation points to the changing landscape of music consumption. In an era of streaming and social media, where listeners can skip to the next song in seconds, there may be more pressure to create tunes that grab attention instantly. This could favor simpler, more repetitive melodies that are easy to remember and sing along to.
Relationships between different musical features have also become stronger in recent years. For example, in post-2000 pop hits, melodies with more notes per second tend to be less complex in terms of pitch variety. This suggests that modern pop songwriting may be following stricter patterns than in the past.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了流行音乐经历了一个热门旋律的结构和复杂性的重大转变,本文介绍了转变的具体方面并分析其原因。
5.What change has taken place in pop music over the years
A.Denser notes.
B.The bigger range of pitch.
C.More complex rhythms.
D.More diverse tone colors.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章第三段“At the same time, there was a dramatic increase in ‘note density’ — the number of notes squeezed into each second of music.”可知,多年来,流行音乐中高密度音符发生了变化。故选A。
6.Which of the following may contribute to the revolution of pop music
A.The difficulty in creating catchier tunes.
B.The conventional patterns to enjoy music.
C.The convenience of switching between songs.
D.The need to balance increasingly intense beats.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Another explanation points to the changing landscape of music consumption. In an era of streaming and social media, where listeners can skip to the next song in seconds, there may be more pressure to create tunes that grab attention instantly.”可知,在歌曲之间切换的便利可能导致流行音乐的转变。故选C。
7.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.Pop songwriting might be more flexible in the past.
B.Modern pop music prioritizes simplicity in melody.
C.Post-2000 pop hits feature complexity in pitch variety.
D.Relationships between musical elements are invariable.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“For example, in post-2000 pop hits, melodies with more notes per second tend to be less complex in terms of pitch variety. (例如,在2000年末期的流行歌曲中,每秒音符更多的旋律在音高变化方面往往不那么复杂。)”可知,现代流行音乐注重旋律的简洁。故选B。
8.What’s the purpose of the text
A.To prove a viewpoint.
B.To remove some doubts.
C.To illustrate a principle.
D.To analyze a phenomenon.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容以及后文中流行音乐经历的重大转变的具体方面和原因可知,文章对这种现象进行了分析。故选D。
C
For people living with dementia(痴呆), a new program offers a supportive path to building social connections and reducing loneliness through music.Led by the Institute for Therapy through the Arts, Musical Bridges to Memory(MBM) is a 12-week program designed to bridge relationships between people with dementia, their families, and the greater community that serve them through live musical interactions, training, and research in music-based approaches.
MBM gags participants in weekly sessions, which include interactive performances and training in communication skills to improve caregivers’ relationships with loved ones living with dementia.According to a 2022 study that examined MBM’s impacts, this music-based therapy(疗法) can increase social engagement between caregivers and their loved ones despite ongoing declines in cognitive(认知的) health.
Research shows people with dementia benefit from interventions that control their preserved cognitive and functional abilities.Music taps into our implicit memory(内隐记忆), linking us to past experiences and emotions without the need for conscious awareness.This is especially true for music that is personally meaningful to us, such as a favorite song, which can promote brain plasticity and cognition.
Neurologist Dr.Ronald Devere notes, “Musical understanding, musical emotion, and musical memory can survive long after other forms of memory and cognitive function have disappeared.” Even as cognition declines, music can help to promote connection and shared communication—making it an efficient tool to support people with dementia.
In addition to improving communication, MBM positively impacts mood and alleviates the caregiver’s burden.Caregivers who participated in this program reported significant reductions in distress(痛苦) as a result of improved communication through music.In short, the program’s positive health impacts extend beyond individuals with dementia to their families and loved ones because it facilitates communication and social connection, particularly in cases where verbal language is no longer possible.
These findings add to decades of research that demonstrates music can positively impact our health, and they provide further insights into the benefits of the MBM program to people with dementia and their caregivers.They also correspond with other community-based interventions to use music to promote healing.
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 说明文
主题 语境 人与社会(音乐与艺术)
语篇 内容 文章介绍了一个名为Musical Bridges to Memory (MBM) 的项目,该项目通过音乐互动、培训和研究,为痴呆症患者、他们的家人和服务他们的社区建立联系,减少孤独感。
语篇 结构 Para.1 MBM program helps dementia patients reduce loneliness through music.
Para.2 Weekly MBM sessions enhance relationships via music therapy.
Para.3 Music engages implicit memory in dementia patients.
Para.4 Music preserves understanding and emotion despite cognitive decline.
Para.5 MBM improves mood, eases caregiver’s burden, and aids communication.
Para.6 MBM research supports music’s healing benefits for dementia patients.
【命题意图】
9.What can we learn about the MBM program 第一段主要介绍 MBM项目。命题者希望测试读者是否能够识别出该项目不仅仅针对痴呆患者,还涉及他们的家庭和更广泛的社区,强调了其社会连接的功能。
10.How does music affect dementia patients 第三段主要关于音乐的功能。这个问题旨在评估读者对音乐对痴呆患者影响的理解。
11.What does the underlined word “alleviates” in Paragraph 5 mean 第五段主要关于音乐的疗效。此题的目的是考查读者对文中画线词“alleviates”含义的理解。
12.Which aspect of the program does the last paragraph stress 最后一段关于音乐可以对我们的健康产生积极影响。这个问题旨在评估读者对最后一段内容的理解。
9.What can we learn about the MBM program
A.It needs to be more creative.
B.It cures patients of dementia.
C.It targets more than dementia patients.
D.It involves different types of musical instruments.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段“Musical Bridges to Memory(MBM) is a 12-week program designed to bridge relationships between people with dementia, their families, and the greater community that serve them through live musical interactions, training, and research in music-based approaches.(Musical Bridges to Memory (MBM) 是一个为期12周的项目,旨在通过现场音乐互动、培训和研究音乐方法,在痴呆症患者、他们的家人和为他们服务的更大社区之间建立联系。) ”可知,MBM项目针对的不仅仅是痴呆症患者。故选C。
10.How does music affect dementia patients
A.It makes their memory implicit.
B.It promotes their conscious awareness.
C.It can bring back their past memories.
D.It enables all their memories to stay long.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段“Music taps into our implicit memory, linking us to past experiences and emotions without the need for conscious awareness.This is especially true for music that is personally meaningful to us, such as a favorite song, which can promote brain plasticity and cognition.(音乐利用我们的内隐记忆,将我们与过去的经历和情感联系起来,而不需要有意识的意识。对于对我们个人有意义的音乐尤其如此,如最喜欢的歌曲,它可以促进大脑的可塑性和认知。)”可推理出,音乐可以唤起痴呆症患者的过去记忆。故选C。
11.What does the underlined word “alleviates” in Paragraph 5 mean
A.Relieves.　　　　　 B.Shifts.
C.Distributes. D.Measures.
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“Caregivers who participated in this program reported significant reductions in distress as a result of improved communication through music.(参与该项目的护理人员报告说,由于通过音乐改善了沟通,他们的痛苦显著减少) ”可知,音乐可以减轻护理人员的负担。由此推知,画线词意为“减轻”。故选A。
12.Which aspect of the program does the last paragraph stress
A.Its focus. B.Its significance.
C.Its background. D.Its process.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段(这些发现增加了几十年的研究,证明音乐可以对我们的健康产生积极影响,它们还进一步深入了解MBM项目对痴呆症患者及其护理人员的好处。它们也与其他基于社区的干预措施相对应,利用音乐促进康复。)可知,最后一段强调了MBM项目的重要意义。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
(2026·青岛模拟)
Music is an important part of many people’s lives.It can be an enjoyable way to relax or to express emotions.　13　 Understanding how music stress works and what can bring it on can help individuals better manage it.
Music stress is a term used to describe a feeling of tension or unease that can arise from listening to or playing music.This can appear in different ways, ranging from physical reactions to mental disturbances.Music stress can be caused by many factors.　14　
For instance, certain types of music can call forth an emotional response, such as nostalgia(怀旧) or sadness.　15　 Likewise, certain kinds of noise-like music, which makes disharmonious sounds, can cause people to become overwhelmed(使不知所措).While this can be helpful for some special purposes, in some cases it can be difficult to handle and even add to stress.
In addition to being caused by musical elements, music stress can also result from the psychological context where the music is heard or played.Take those who feel overwhelmed as an example.　16　 Similarly, if someone takes listening to music as a way to escape current problems, the music can create a feeling of disappointment due to its failing to provide the desired effect.
　17　 Thus, the best way to prevent it is to ensure that the music being listened to or played is appropriate for one’s current mood and state of mind.Alternatively, if one is already feeling stressed, it may be better to focus on relaxation exercises or to take a break from music entirely.
A.This can lead to increased stress levels.
B.However, it may also lead to high stress levels.
C.Music stress is caused by a specific type of music.
D.And it can produce very specific types of reactions.
E.Music may give them the feeling that they are not in control.
F.Generally, music stress is determined by one’s mental state at the time.
G.In some ways, music stress is similar to more general experiences of stress.
13~17.BDAEF
- 14 -核心素养测评 Unit 5　Music
(40分钟　42.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共12小题;每小题2.5分,满分30分)
A
Imagine this situation: you live on a tiny island off the north coast of Australia, and you and most of your friends have never even been to Darwin.You all love dancing: any style, any time, but especially at the local disco, where hundreds of local kids gather every weekend.
Then one day, on a dusty basketball court, your group is doing an up-beat version of the Sirtaki dance from the 1964 movie Zorba the Greek.Someone films it, and the film is up-loaded to the Internet.It’s so funny that suddenly you are a sensation, with thousands of hits in the first few days.Before long, you are receiving invitations to perform all over Australia.
This did happen in 2007 to the Chooky Dancers, an Indigenous dance group who live on Elcho Island, off the coast of Arnhem Land.Since then, the energetic and very amusing Chookies have performed at numerous comedy festivals and cultural events all around Australia.They have also appeared in a full-length feature film.These young Yolngu men absorb and then reinvent dance moves from everywhere: from traditional Indigenous dance styles and ideas, to techno and hip hop, kung fu and Bollywood.
And now the Chookies have gone global.In early 2011, they travelled out of Australia for the first time.They went to Beijing, the capital of China, where they performed their particular brand of dance to a Chinese TV audience of probably close to one billion.
The Chookies’ act was part of one of China’s biggest annual shows—the Spring Festival Gala.Over the years the festival has hosted a huge variety of acts from all around the world and of every imaginable style and content.Even so, the audience had seen nothing like the Chooky Dancers, who began, as usual, with a traditional Yolngu dance, before breaking out into their signature Zorba.The Chinese were totally won over.
It’s a great international, multicultural, outback youth success story—an Indigenous Australian dance troupe performs a techno version of a Greek dance on Chinese TV!
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 记叙文
主题 语境 人与社会(音乐与艺术)
语篇 内容 主要叙述了“Chooky Dancers”这支澳大利亚土著舞蹈团成名并成功走向世界的故事
语篇 结构 Para.1 Island residents’ love for dancing, especially at the local disco.
Para.2 Viral video of islanders dancing leads to nationwide fame.
Para.3 The Chooky Dancers’ rise in Australia through diverse dance performances.
Para.4 Chookies’ first international performance in Beijing.
Para.5 Chooky Dancers’ unique performance at China’s Spring Festival Gala.
Para.6 The significance of Chookies’ multicultural success story.
【命题意图】
1.What is the effect of using “you” in the first two paragraphs 前两段主要关于小岛居民跳希腊舞视频爆红,受邀全国表演。 此题旨在考查读者对文章中使用第二人称“you”的效果的理解
2.What do we know about the dance that made the Chooky Dancers famous 第二段主要关于小岛上的居民在篮球场跳瑟塔基舞,视频上传后爆红。 这个问题旨在评估读者对使Chooky Dancers成名的舞蹈的了解
3.What does the underlined word “signature” in Paragraph 5 mean 第五段Chooky Dancers在中国春晚上表演了他们独特的舞蹈。 此题的目的是考查读者对文中画线词“signature”含义的理解
4.What could be the best title of this passage 文章主要叙述了“Chooky Dancers”这支澳大利亚土著舞蹈团成名并成功走向世界的故事。这个问题旨在评估读者对整篇文章主题的理解
1.What is the effect of using “you” in the first two paragraphs
A.To bring the readers into someone else’s world.
B.To make the readers feel sorry for the dancers.
C.To encourage the readers to see the topic from all sides.
D.To remind the readers of similar experiences they have had.2.What do we know about the dance that made the Chooky Dancers famous
A.It was invented by themselves.
B.It was adapted from a film.
C.It was learned from the Internet.
D.It was taught to them in Greece.3.What does the underlined word “signature”in Paragraph 5 mean
A.The stylish name writing.
B.The international version.
C.The theme music.
D.The representative work.4.What could be the best title of this passage
A.Chooky Dancers Go Global
B.The Chookies Appear in Beijing
C.Dancing Perfectly Combines with Basketball
D.Technology Makes Improvements in DancingB
From the swinging rhythms of the 1950s to the autotuned hooks of today, pop music has undergone a remarkable transformation. But what exactly has changed, and how can we measure it
Researchers identify two major “melodic(旋律的) revolutions” in pop music history: one in 1975 and another in 2000. These turning points mark significant shifts in the structure and complexity of hit melodies. Interestingly, these musical milestones aren’t perfectly in line with the revolutions in harmony and tone color, suggesting that different aspects of music may evolve at different rates.
During these revolutions, melodies have generally become simpler, both in terms of pitch(音高) and rhythm. Modern pop hits tend to use a smaller range of notes and simpler rhythmic patterns compared to those from the 1950s and 1960s. At the same time, there was a dramatic increase in “note density”—the number of notes squeezed into each second of music. This means that while today’s pop melodies might be simpler in structure, they’re often delivered more rapidly, creating a sense of energy and urgency that wasn’t as common in earlier decades.
There are several interesting possibilities for what is happening. One theory suggests that as other aspects of music production—like complex electronic beats and richly layered instrumentation—have become more sophisticated, melodies have had to be simplified to maintain a balance. Another explanation points to the changing landscape of music consumption. In an era of streaming and social media, where listeners can skip to the next song in seconds, there may be more pressure to create tunes that grab attention instantly. This could favor simpler, more repetitive melodies that are easy to remember and sing along to.
Relationships between different musical features have also become stronger in recent years. For example, in post-2000 pop hits, melodies with more notes per second tend to be less complex in terms of pitch variety. This suggests that modern pop songwriting may be following stricter patterns than in the past.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了流行音乐经历了一个热门旋律的结构和复杂性的重大转变,本文介绍了转变的具体方面并分析其原因。
5.What change has taken place in pop music over the years
A.Denser notes.
B.The bigger range of pitch.
C.More complex rhythms.
D.More diverse tone colors.6.Which of the following may contribute to the revolution of pop music
A.The difficulty in creating catchier tunes.
B.The conventional patterns to enjoy music.
C.The convenience of switching between songs.
D.The need to balance increasingly intense beats.7.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.Pop songwriting might be more flexible in the past.
B.Modern pop music prioritizes simplicity in melody.
C.Post-2000 pop hits feature complexity in pitch variety.
D.Relationships between musical elements are invariable.8.What’s the purpose of the text
A.To prove a viewpoint.
B.To remove some doubts.
C.To illustrate a principle.
D.To analyze a phenomenon.C
For people living with dementia(痴呆), a new program offers a supportive path to building social connections and reducing loneliness through music.Led by the Institute for Therapy through the Arts, Musical Bridges to Memory(MBM) is a 12-week program designed to bridge relationships between people with dementia, their families, and the greater community that serve them through live musical interactions, training, and research in music-based approaches.
MBM gags participants in weekly sessions, which include interactive performances and training in communication skills to improve caregivers’ relationships with loved ones living with dementia.According to a 2022 study that examined MBM’s impacts, this music-based therapy(疗法) can increase social engagement between caregivers and their loved ones despite ongoing declines in cognitive(认知的) health.
Research shows people with dementia benefit from interventions that control their preserved cognitive and functional abilities.Music taps into our implicit memory(内隐记忆), linking us to past experiences and emotions without the need for conscious awareness.This is especially true for music that is personally meaningful to us, such as a favorite song, which can promote brain plasticity and cognition.
Neurologist Dr.Ronald Devere notes, “Musical understanding, musical emotion, and musical memory can survive long after other forms of memory and cognitive function have disappeared.” Even as cognition declines, music can help to promote connection and shared communication—making it an efficient tool to support people with dementia.
In addition to improving communication, MBM positively impacts mood and alleviates the caregiver’s burden.Caregivers who participated in this program reported significant reductions in distress(痛苦) as a result of improved communication through music.In short, the program’s positive health impacts extend beyond individuals with dementia to their families and loved ones because it facilitates communication and social connection, particularly in cases where verbal language is no longer possible.
These findings add to decades of research that demonstrates music can positively impact our health, and they provide further insights into the benefits of the MBM program to people with dementia and their caregivers.They also correspond with other community-based interventions to use music to promote healing.
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 说明文
主题 语境 人与社会(音乐与艺术)
语篇 内容 文章介绍了一个名为Musical Bridges to Memory (MBM) 的项目,该项目通过音乐互动、培训和研究,为痴呆症患者、他们的家人和服务他们的社区建立联系,减少孤独感。
语篇 结构 Para.1 MBM program helps dementia patients reduce loneliness through music.
Para.2 Weekly MBM sessions enhance relationships via music therapy.
Para.3 Music engages implicit memory in dementia patients.
Para.4 Music preserves understanding and emotion despite cognitive decline.
Para.5 MBM improves mood, eases caregiver’s burden, and aids communication.
Para.6 MBM research supports music’s healing benefits for dementia patients.
【命题意图】
9.What can we learn about the MBM program 第一段主要介绍 MBM项目。命题者希望测试读者是否能够识别出该项目不仅仅针对痴呆患者,还涉及他们的家庭和更广泛的社区,强调了其社会连接的功能。
10.How does music affect dementia patients 第三段主要关于音乐的功能。这个问题旨在评估读者对音乐对痴呆患者影响的理解。
11.What does the underlined word “alleviates” in Paragraph 5 mean 第五段主要关于音乐的疗效。此题的目的是考查读者对文中画线词“alleviates”含义的理解。
12.Which aspect of the program does the last paragraph stress 最后一段关于音乐可以对我们的健康产生积极影响。这个问题旨在评估读者对最后一段内容的理解。
9.What can we learn about the MBM program
A.It needs to be more creative.
B.It cures patients of dementia.
C.It targets more than dementia patients.
D.It involves different types of musical instruments.10.How does music affect dementia patients
A.It makes their memory implicit.
B.It promotes their conscious awareness.
C.It can bring back their past memories.
D.It enables all their memories to stay long.11.What does the underlined word “alleviates” in Paragraph 5 mean
A.Relieves.　　　　　 B.Shifts.
C.Distributes. D.Measures.12.Which aspect of the program does the last paragraph stress
A.Its focus. B.Its significance.
C.Its background. D.Its process.Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
(2026·青岛模拟)
Music is an important part of many people’s lives.It can be an enjoyable way to relax or to express emotions.　13　 Understanding how music stress works and what can bring it on can help individuals better manage it.
Music stress is a term used to describe a feeling of tension or unease that can arise from listening to or playing music.This can appear in different ways, ranging from physical reactions to mental disturbances.Music stress can be caused by many factors.　14　
For instance, certain types of music can call forth an emotional response, such as nostalgia(怀旧) or sadness.　15　 Likewise, certain kinds of noise-like music, which makes disharmonious sounds, can cause people to become overwhelmed(使不知所措).While this can be helpful for some special purposes, in some cases it can be difficult to handle and even add to stress.
In addition to being caused by musical elements, music stress can also result from the psychological context where the music is heard or played.Take those who feel overwhelmed as an example.　16　 Similarly, if someone takes listening to music as a way to escape current problems, the music can create a feeling of disappointment due to its failing to provide the desired effect.
　17　 Thus, the best way to prevent it is to ensure that the music being listened to or played is appropriate for one’s current mood and state of mind.Alternatively, if one is already feeling stressed, it may be better to focus on relaxation exercises or to take a break from music entirely.
A.This can lead to increased stress levels.
B.However, it may also lead to high stress levels.
C.Music stress is caused by a specific type of music.
D.And it can produce very specific types of reactions.
E.Music may give them the feeling that they are not in control.
F.Generally, music stress is determined by one’s mental state at the time.
G.In some ways, music stress is similar to more general experiences of stress.
- 14 -核心素养测评 Unit 1　Cultural Heritage
(30分钟　32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分20分)
A
“A fish out of water.” “A bike without a chain.” There are many metaphors for culture shock, all of which attempt to describe the unique experience of being far from one’s home country and culture.
Scientists have studied culture shock for over a century.Rather than focus on the purely negative aspects, psychologists describe it as a process of stress and adjustment.The first stage is the honeymoon phase, when we are filled with excitement about being in another country.Eventually, as daily challenges arise, we enter a state of crisis and anxiety, harboring unfriendly feelings about the host culture.The longer we are immersed in the culture, we adjust and recover from those negative feelings.Finally, after some time we adjust even more and fully accept the new culture.
One of the factors that determine how we react to cultural stress is our personality.Not surprisingly, extraverts(外向者) tend to have an easier time adjusting to new cultures.That is because being in a new country means meeting many new people and spending a lot of time around them, and extraverts thrive in these situations.But introverts simply prefer to be alone after spending time in groups, and only have limited energy to spend in social settings.
Cultural intelligence, or CQ, also plays its part.Cultural intelligence is defined as the capability of an individual to function effectively in situations characterized by cultural diversity.It has to do with our interest in interacting with people from culturally diverse backgrounds, and our ability to adapt to new cultural context.It is argued that the higher our CQ, the lesser the effect of culture shock on our ability to cope in new situations.
Many effective coping strategies are interpersonal.A recent study found that relating to others with empathy is significantly associated with lower stress levels abroad.The more we are able to take on other people’s points of view, the more positive our interpersonal relationships and thus our adaptation to the stress of culture shock.
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 说明文
主题 语境 人与社会(文化交流)
语篇 内容 文章主要介绍了文化冲击的含义和应对文化冲击的策略
语篇 结构 Para.1 Metaphors for culture shock
Para.2 The process of culture shock
Para.3 Personality and its role in culture shock
Para.4 Cultural intelligence and its role in coping with culture shock
Para.5 Interpersonal coping strategies for culture shock
【命题意图】
1.What is the function of the first paragraph 第一段主要讲述有很多比喻用来描述文化冲击,这些比喻都试图描绘出远离自己国家和文化的独特体验。此题旨在考查读者对文章第一段的目的和功能的理解
2.How will a person feel the moment he arrives in a foreign country 第二段主要讲述文化冲击是压力调整过程,经历兴奋、危机、适应到接受新文化。此题旨在测试读者对第二段中描述的文化冲击第一阶段的理解
3.Who will most probably be affected by the cultural shock 第三段主要讲述外向的人往往更容易适应新文化,但内向的人只是喜欢在集体活动后独处。此题旨在评估读者对第三段内容的理解,特别是个性特征如何影响个体对文化冲击的反应
4.What is important for dealing with the cultural shock 第五段讲述用同理心与他人交往,在国外的压力水平会显著降低。此题旨在考查读者对第五段内容的理解,特别是关于应对文化冲击的有效策略
1.What is the function of the first paragraph
A.Explaining the quotes.
B.Raising an argument.
C.Introducing the topic.
D.Presenting an example.
【解析】选C。 推理判断题。根据第一段内容以及下文都是讲述文化冲击可推知,第一段用两个习语引入“文化冲击”这一主题。故选C。
2.How will a person feel the moment he arrives in a foreign country
A.Anxious.　　　　 B.Thrilled.
C.Shocked. D.Grateful.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段“The first stage is the honeymoon phase, when we are filled with excitement about being in another country.”可知,人们刚到国外时的感觉是兴奋的。故选B。
3.Who will most probably be affected by the cultural shock
A.An active boy interested in anything new.
B.A shy boy unwilling to socialize with strangers.
C.A quiet girl open to diverse cultural backgrounds.
D.A communicative girl fluent in the local language.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段“Not surprisingly, extraverts tend to have an easier time adjusting to new cultures.”以及“But introverts simply prefer to be alone after spending time in groups, and only have limited energy to spend in social settings.”可推知,内向的人更容易受文化冲击影响。故选B。
4.What is important for dealing with the cultural shock
A.Lowering the stress level.
B.Developing self-awareness.
C.Analyzing the cause of discomfort.
D.Understanding others with sympathy.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第五段“A recent study found that relating to others with empathy is significantly associated with lower stress levels abroad.”可知, 带着同理心理解他人是应对文化冲击的有效方法。故选D。
【阅读障碍】
【长难句分析】
Eventually, as daily challenges arise, we enter a state of crisis and anxiety, harboring unfriendly feelings about the host culture.
分析:本句中,as引导时间状语从句,harboring是现在分词作状语;另外harbor 词性活用,此处作动词,意为“怀有”。
翻译:最终,随着日常挑战的出现,我们进入了一种危机和焦虑的状态,对东道国文化怀有不友好的感觉。
B
(2026·合肥模拟)
Among world languages, English places perhaps the highest value on the expressions of thanks, especially in formal and business settings.So it’s logical that English speakers tend to conflate the expression of thankfulness with the feeling of thankfulness.If somebody didn’t say “thanks”, we often think, they must not have been very grateful.And yet, in English, “thank you” gets used so frequently that it can easily start to feel habitual.
But do we say it as much as we think in our casual interactions with family and friends A new research paper titled Universals and Cultural Diversity in the Expression of Thankfulness suggests that no, we do not.
The research team behind the paper looked for expressions of thankfulness in daily informal interactions across eight languages: English, Italian, Polish, Russian, Lao, Cha’palaa, Murrinhpatha, and Siwu.The findings suggest the universal way in which thankfulness is expressed is not through giving thanks, but rather through participation in a social agreement in which mutual(相互的) assistance and working together are the norm.In fact, the practice of giving thanks seems to have little impact on the practice of mutual exchange.
The practice of giving thanks also varies culturally. In India, for example, people—especially when they are your elders, relatives, or close friends—tend to feel that by thanking them, you’re weakening your closeness with them and creating formality and distance that shouldn’t exist! In contrast, in England, expressing thankfulness through words is seen as a positive strengthening of relationships, promoting goodwill and connection.
Nick Enfield, lead researcher of the study, suggests that most of the 6,000 to 7,000 world languages don’t have a word for “thank you”. “When we consider the negative effects of thanking close relations alongside the fact that many languages are spoken in very small communities where speakers are likely to know each other, that claim starts to feel quite reasonable.”
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。研究发现不同文化表达感激的方式有差异,很多语言甚至无“谢谢”一词,且普遍表达靠互助合作。
5.What does the underlined word “conflate” in Paragraph 1 mean
A.Compare.　　　 B.Replace.
C.Figure out. D.Mix up.
【解析】选D。词句猜测题。根据第一段“So it’s logical that English speakers tend to conflate the expression of thankfulness with the feeling of thankfulness.If somebody didn’t say ‘thanks’, we often think, they must not have been very grateful.”可知,说英语的人常把说“谢谢”这种表达感激的方式和内心真正的感激之情弄混了。conflate意思是“混淆,混为一谈”,与Mix up(混淆)意思相符。故选D。
6.How do people express thankfulness universally according to the study
A.By saying thanks directly.
B.By making social agreements.
C.By using body language.
D.By helping and cooperating.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段“The findings suggest the universal way in which thankfulness is expressed is not through giving thanks, but rather through participation in a social agreement in which mutual assistance and working together are the norm.”可知,普遍表达感激的方式是通过相互帮助和合作。故选D。
7.How do Indians view the practice of giving thanks to relatives
A.It weakens their bond.
B.It reduces their social distance.
C.It enhances their connection.
D.It promotes their mutual trust.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第四段“In India, for example, people—especially when they are your elders, relatives, or close friends—tend to feel that by thanking them, you’re weakening your closeness with them and creating formality and distance that shouldn’t exist!”可知,印度人认为向亲戚表达感谢会削弱他们之间的联系。故选A。
8.What does Nick Enfield imply in the last paragraph
A.Many cultures do not emphasize thankfulness.
B.Thankfulness might not be expressed in words.
C.Small communities prefer to thank close friends.
D.The negative effects of thanking should be avoided.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,尼克·恩菲尔德暗示,很多语言中没有“谢谢”这个词,结合前文提到不同文化中表达感谢的方式不同,可推断出感激之情可能不是通过语言来表达的。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
With the development of globalization, “interconnectivity” has become a buzzword(流行词) of the modern world.Although this trend brings lots of advantages, it can also present some challenges.　9　 Understanding and overcoming cultural barriers is very important in daily life.Here are some tips on how to properly handle cultural differences.
Be self-aware and acknowledge differences.Most cross-cultural misunderstandings come from a single-minded opinion.If we judge others through our own culture, we may end up with wrong interpretations.Failing to acknowledge differences may easily lead to misconceptions and even conflicts.　10　
Do research and learn about other cultures.After cultural differences are acknowledged, it’s important to learn more about them.　11　 Understanding the reasoning behind one’s actions can reduce “wrong labeling” and lead to a more effective cooperation and communication process.
　12　 Try your best to avoid quick judgments and be open to new beliefs and behaviors.Find out what you have in common and learn how to make the best use of each unique characteristic.Respect the fact that others have distinct core values.
All in all, dealing with cultural differences is quite challenging and requires a lot of work.　13　 When you meet people from different cultures and backgrounds next time, just be mindful, and stay open-minded and patient.
A.One of them is cultural barriers.
B.Be open-minded, adaptable and respectful.
C.You can either do your own research or simply ask others about them.
D.Employees should be prepared to work in a multicultural environment.
E.However, the results of overcoming these barriers far outweigh the effort.
F.Actually, travelling abroad is not the only way to overcome cultural barriers.
G.Therefore, we should accept differences and learn more about others’ backgrounds.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章提供了一些处理文化差异的建议,包括自我认知、学习不同文化和保持开放尊重的态度。
9.【解析】选A。由上文“Although this trend brings lots of advantages, it can also present some challenges.”可知,本空要说跟“挑战”相关的内容。A选项提到“它们其中之一就是文化障碍”,选项中的them指的就是前文提到的challenges。故选A。
10.【解析】选G。由上文“Failing to acknowledge differences may easily lead to misconceptions and even conflicts.”可知,本空要说跟“接受差异”相关的内容。G选项提到“因此我们应该接受差异并更多了解他人的背景”,G选项中的“we should accept differences”与上文的“acknowledge differences”相呼应,differences是同词复现。故选G。
11.【解析】选C。由上文“After cultural differences are acknowledged, it’s important to learn more about them.”可知,本空要说跟“了解文化差异”的方法相关的内容。C选项提到“你可以自己做研究或简单地向他人询问”,选项中的them和前一句的them均指代文化差异,符合逻辑。故选C。
12.【解析】选B。空格处位于句首,是本段的主题句,由下文内容可知,B选项提到“要保持开放的心态、适应能力和尊重”,符合语境。故选B。
13.【解析】选E。由上文“All in all, dealing with cultural differences is quite challenging and requires a lot of work.”可知,本段要对“克服文化差异”进行总结。E选项提到“但是克服这些障碍的结果远远超过了付出的努力”,符合逻辑。故选E。
- 10 -核心素养测评 Unit 2　Wildlife Protection
(30分钟　35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分20分)
A
When stressed out, many of us turn to junk food like deep-fried food for comfort.But a new study found that in animals, a high-fat diet disturbs resident gut bacteria(肠道细菌), changes behavior and, through a complex pathway connecting the gut to the brain, influences brain chemicals in ways that fuel anxiety.
“Everyone knows that these are not healthy foods, but we tend to think about them strictly in terms of a little weight gain,” said lead author Christopher Lowry.“ If you understand that they also impact your brain in a way that can promote anxiety, that makes the risk even higher.”
Lowry’s team divided mice into two groups: Half got a standard diet of about 11% fat for nine weeks; the others got a high-fat diet of 45% fat, consisting mostly of fat from animal products.The typical American diet is about 36% fat, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
When compared to the control group, the group eating a high-fat diet, not surprisingly, gained weight.But the animals also showed significantly less diversity of gut bacteria.Generally speaking, more bacterial diversity is associated with better health, Lowry explained.The high-fat diet group also showed higher expression of three genes(tph2, htr1a, and slc6a4) involved in production and signaling of the brain chemical called serotonin(血清素)—particularly in a region of the central part of the brain known as the dorsal raphe nucleus cDRD, which is associated with stress and anxiety.While serotonin is often regarded as a “feel-good brain chemical”, Lowry notes that certain parts in the brain, when activated, touch off anxiety-like responses in animals.Especially, heightened expression of tph2 in the cDRD has been associated with mood disorders in humans.
“To think that just a high-fat diet could change expression of these genes in the brain is extraordinary,” said Lowry.“The high-fat group essentially had a high anxiety state in their brain.” However, Lowry stresses that not all fats are bad, and that healthy fats like those found in fish, nuts and seeds can be good for the brain.
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 说明文
主题 语境 人与社会(科技发展与信息技术创新,科学精神、信息安全)
语篇 内容 研究发现在动物身上,高脂肪饮食会破坏肠道细菌,改变行为,并通过连接肠道和大脑的复杂途径影响大脑化学物质,从而加剧焦虑
语篇 结构 Para.1 Findings of a new study about the impact of a high-fat diet on emotions
Para.2 Lowry’s opinion on the new finding
Para.3 How the study is conducted
Para.4 Details of the finding: the effects of a high-fat diet on the brain
Para.5 Not all fats are bad
【命题意图】
1.What is the new finding 第一段主要介绍了一个新研究的发现,高脂饮食对情绪有影响。命题者便从这个角度命题,旨在考查考生对本文主题的把握
2.What is the main idea of the third paragraph 第三段主要介绍了这个研究的方法,因此本题的设置显然是考查考生对段落大意的归纳和总结能力
3.What happened to the mice that ate a high-fat diet 第四段中详细介绍了实验的结果,那些吃高脂饮食的老鼠肠道细菌的多样性明显减少。本题的设置旨在考查考生对繁杂情况中的细节把握能力
4.What does Lowry agree with 最后一段中提到Lowry的观点,认为并非所有的脂肪都不好,本题从这个角度命制考查了考生对文章中人物态度和观点的理解
1.What is the new finding
A.Junk food leads to overweight.
B.High-fat food brings bad moods.
C.Brain chemicals cause anxiety.
D.Gut bacteria benefit brain health.2.What is the main idea of the third paragraph
A.How the study is conducted.
B.What the study wants to find.
C.Why Lowry’s team used mice to do the research.
D.How much fat is in the diets.3.What happened to the mice that ate a high-fat diet
A.They looked more anxious.
B.They lost much more weight.
C.They suffered mood disorders.
D.They lacked gut bacteria variety.4.What does Lowry agree with
A.Every fat is harmful.　
B.Fish fat is harmless.
C.Stress comes from fat.
D.Some fats are good.【失分剖析】
第1题容易误选A。因为常识认为,吃垃圾食品会发胖,受此影响,考生可能误选A。第一段的核心是“But a new study found that...”强调的是高脂饮食对于肠道菌群的影响。
B
(2026·衡水中学模拟)
Hiking is tricky when you’re carrying a threatened species. Ally Whitbread carefully jumped over logs while carrying a cooler full of tiny, rare snails. “I feel like I’ve got like 500 babies to take care of—just a very crazy mother hen,” she said.
The Chittenango ovate amber snails inside are facing extinction. Only dozens are estimated to remain at one waterfall in Upstate New York. But Whitbread is part of a team transporting a lab-bred population to a new, remote home for a shot at survival. Such a recovery process can take years to decades, and success is obscure, but scientists are racing to better understand our planet’s biodiversity before species are wiped out.
The hike to a hidden waterfall is a chance to examine what makes them thrive in the wild, or what doesn’t.
“These efforts to study rare species can unlock their hidden benefits to humans,” said Professor Laura Dee. “Our idea that we might want to have a species down the line comes from the uncertainty of what the future is going to bring, and what role that species might play.”
Like the once-rare Madagascar rosy periwinkle—a compound from the plant is now used in leukemia treatments. “While not every species will cure cancer,” Dee said, “more studies are needed because we don’t fully know what will happen if we lose them.”
Even just observing species in their habitats can prove helpful. University of Utah biology professor Jack Longino is cataloging the planet’s ants. He said understanding how the insects communicate could help programmers with robotics. “To create things to make new technologies, we’re sort of imitating nature all the time,” Longino said.
The Chittenango ovate amber snail doesn’t have any known unique traits critical to humans, and it has been a lengthy journey just to attempt to save them. The half-hour hike to the new habitat is the latest step in a process that has lasted more than five years.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家穿越丛林,用冷藏箱悉心保护濒危物种奇特南戈卵形琥珀蜗牛。
5.Which can best replace the underlined word “obscure” in Paragraph 2
A.Undeniable.　　 B.Unpredictable.
C.Inevitable. D.Incomparable.6.According to Professor Laura Dee, why should we save the Chittenango ovate amber snails
A.Because they help programmers create robotics.
B.Because we have a great affection for this rare snail.
C.Because they can be adopted for the treatment of cancer and leukemia.
D.Because we are uncertain about the hidden benefits of them to humans.7.What are Paragraph 5 and Paragraph 6 mainly about
A.The benefits of sustaining and studying rare species.
B.The helpfulness of observing how ants communicate.
C.The consequences of losing rare animals and plants in nature.
D.The healing effect of the compound from Madagascar rosy periwinkle.8.Which is the best title for the text
A.Explore the rare species
B.Tiny snails, Great benefits
C.Small snails, Long journey
D.Save the extinct speciesⅡ.语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The China Wildlife Conservation Association and the San Diego Zoo in the US have recently signed an agreement for giant panda conservation, 9._______(select) a pair of giant pandas to be sent to the San Diego Zoo for a 10-year 10._______(national) conservation partnership.
To ensure the well-being of the giant pandas in the US, in March, experts from the China Wildlife Conservation Association 11._______(travel) to the US to engage in in-depth discussions and technical exchanges with the San Diego Zoo regarding panda care, living environment, and health requirements.
In line with 12._______ agreement, both parties are actively progressing with the preparations for the pandas’ journey to the US.China has selected a pair of pandas, Yun Chuan(male) and Xin Bao(female), 13._______ has arranged for experienced caretakers and vets 14._______(accompany) them to the US.
The US is currently renovating and upgrading the panda facilities to provide a larger and 15._______(comfortable) living environment.16._______(additional), the zoo has assembled(集合) a professional team with expertise in panda care, daily nursing, and related scientific research, 17._______(acquire) through study and exchange programs in China.
The San Diego Zoo is one of the world’s top five 18._______(zoo).In 1996, the two parties officially commenced(开始) panda cooperation, with Bai Yun and Shi Shi from China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda becoming the first pair to reside at the San Diego Zoo.
【文章大意】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中美启动为期十年的大熊猫保护合作关系。
- 10 -核心素养测评 Unit 3　The Internet
(25分钟　30分)
阅读理解(共12小题;每小题2.5分,满分30分)
A
Every so often, 31-year-old Chen Jiawen, a product designer at a technology company in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, sets aside a day for herself called Unplug Day.On this day, she disconnects from the digital world and focuses on real-life experiences.In the morning, she prepares breakfast for herself while listening to music.In the afternoon, she wanders through the park with friends and in the evening, they enjoy a meal together without touching their phones, engaged in deep conversation.Upon returning home, she spends the evening reading.
Chen started the plan as she often felt “interrupted” by technology, citing moments of distraction(分心) like pop-up notifications, ring tones and repetitious warnings leading her to check for new messages, and feelings of information overload.“Occasionally disconnecting from the network is like feeding the brain a day of vegetarian food,” Chen said.Unplug Day is part of her plan to combat information overload from overusing the phone and to rebuild her focus.In addition to this, she has started replacing short videos with longer ones and prioritizes reading in-depth news articles or books.“When friends gather and everyone is glued to their phones, it makes me uncomfortable,” Chen said, adding that burying herself in social media prevented her from completing work as planned, leading to psychological burdens and a decreasing focus.
It’s become a common situation where modern people might unconsciously use the time spent waiting at traffic lights to watch a short video or constantly check out a trending topic upon receiving a push notification from an app.To prevent this sense of being “controlled” by mobile devices, some young Chinese like Chen are experimenting with digital minimalism and are discovering positive outcomes from their efforts.Technology should bring us joy, not reduce the time we spend with family or increase our anxiety.Our goal is to control technology rather than letting it control us.
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 新闻报道
主题 语境 人与社会(信息技术创新)
语篇 内容 文章主要讲述了Chen Jiawen为自己设置了一个 Unplug Day,在这一天远离网络和电子设备,文章呼吁当下年轻人不应当受控于电子设备
语篇 结构 Para.1 Chen Jiawen observes Unplug Day to escape digital distractions and engage in real-life activities.
Para.2 Chen’s motivation for Unplug Day is to reduce technology-induced stress and improve concentration.
Para.3 Some young people in China are practicing digital minimalism to take control of their technology use.
【命题意图】
1.What can we learn about Unplug Day 第一段主要讲述Chen Jiawen远离数码网络世界,回归真实生活的情况。此题旨在考查读者对Unplug Day这一概念的理解
2.What does the underlined word “combat” in Paragraph 2 mean 第二段主要讲述Chen因对科技干扰和信息过载感到困扰,开始实行计划以重建专注力,减少浏览短视频,多读深度内容。 这个题旨在评估读者对文章中使用的词汇的理解
3.What is the direct impact of over-involvement in social media 第二段主要提到把自己埋没在社交媒体上的不良后果。 此题的目的是考查读者对社交媒体过度参与所带来的直接后果的理解
4.What does the author suggest people do in the last paragraph 最后一段主要论述减少数码网络使用时间是有效果的,我们的目标是控制技术,而不是让技术控制我们。这个问题旨在评估读者对作者在最后一段中所传达的建议的理解
1.What can we learn about Unplug Day
A.It is a day for reading.
B.It is a day without phones.
C.It is a day away from the Internet.
D.It is a day to spend with friends.2.What does the underlined word “combat” in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Range.　B.Cancel.　C.Obtain.　D.Prevent.3.What is the direct impact of over-involvement in social media
A.Tasks’ delays. B.Stress from peers.
C.Mental problems. D.A decreasing focus.4.What does the author suggest people do in the last paragraph
A.Enjoy the benefits of technology.
B.Decrease the time spent on digital devices.
C.Remove the apps informing new messages.
D.Watch longer videos while waiting at traffic lights.B
(2026·合肥模拟)
The growing interaction between humans and artificial intelligence(AI) is shaping a new way of thinking, known as System 0.This new cognitive framework exists outside the human mind and works as an external “thinking assistant”.System 0 works alongside the two established models of human thought: System 1, which is fast and automatic, and System 2, which is slower, more analytical, and reflective.
Just as an external drive allows us to store data that are not present on the computer and work anywhere by connecting to a PC, AI—with its powerful data-handling capabilities—functions as an external cognitive circuit that enhances human brain capacity.Hence the idea of System 0, which is essentially a form of “external” thinking, relies on the capabilities of AI.
By managing enormous amounts of data, AI can process information and provide suggestions based on complex algorithms(算法).However, unlike intuitive or analytical thinking, System 0 can perform calculations, make predictions, and generate responses without truly “understanding” the content of the data it works with.
The integration of System 0 into human cognition raises some concerns.One of the most pressing ones is the potential damage to our critical thinking and reasoning abilities.If we blindly trust the output of System 0 without questioning it, we risk losing our ability to think independently, leading to a weaker capacity for innovation and creativity.At the same time, it is important to acknowledge the potential benefits of System 0 in increasing our cognitive capabilities and addressing complex challenges that may be beyond the capacity of human intelligence alone.
Despite the polarized visions on the topic of the evolution of AI, we recommend that this revolutionary system be the object of a deep, shared reflection on how we plan to integrate it into the future of human thought.To ensure that AI remains a tool to enhance—rather than decrease—our cognitive autonomy, clear boundaries must be established.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的认知框架——
System 0,它是人类与人工智能互动中形成的外部“思考助手”,并探讨了其与人类已有的思维模式的关系、本质、带来的担忧与益处以及未来的整合方向。
5.What is the main function of Paragraph 1
A.To explain how AI impacts daily routines.
B.To introduce a new cognitive framework.
C.To compare three human thinking systems.
D.To analyze AI’s role in decision-making processes.6.Which statement captures the essence of System 0
A.It seeks profound meanings in data.
B.It pioneers analytical thinking methods.
C.It enhances human cognition externally.
D.It makes intelligent decisions independently.7.What is the author’s tone conveyed in Paragraph 4
A.Objective. B.Indifferent.
C.Aggressive. D.Dismissive.8.What will the follow-up paragraph most probably talk about
A.Moral dilemmas in human-AI integration.
B.Potentially promising prospects of System 0.
C.Technical challenges in sharpening System 0.
D.Specific guidelines on using System 0 critically.C
A self-driving taxi operated by a Chinese tech giant recently hit a passer-by crossing against a traffic light in Wuhan, capital of Hubei Province, sparking heated discussions on the challenges and limitations facing autonomous driving technology, especially in complex circumstances.
Zhang Xiang, an auto sector researcher at North China University of Technology, said that the incident in Wuhan indicates that self-driving technology has progressed significantly over the past few years, but it still encounters difficulties under ever-changing road conditions and has some limitations when dealing with unconventional behavior, such as motorists or passers-by violating traffic rules.There are still some obstacles to integrating the self-driving vehicles into the existing road traffic safety management system, as the legal obligations of relevant subjects involving autonomous vehicles have not been clarified under current laws and regulations.
Meanwhile, the commercial application of robotaxis in more cities across the country has raised concerns about employment, as taxi drivers are worried about losing their jobs due to intense competition from driverless ride-hailing vehicles, industry experts said.So far, more than 20 cities nationwide have introduced policies supporting autonomous driving tests, with more than 60 enterprises having obtained self-driving test licenses.
Nevertheless, some believe that people only prefer to experience this emerging technology, and the number of robotaxis on the road is still far smaller than those of taxis.It is also noted that the pressure on taxi drivers mainly comes from fierce competition between private ride-hailing cars and traditional taxis, and that the autonomous driving vehicles will not have a serious impact on the job market or replace human drivers in the short term.
Despite the challenges, the development of the self-driving industry will strengthen the intelligent transformation of the auto industry and speed the construction of vehicle-road coordination systems, which support the transfer of information from vehicles to roadway networks as a way to improve traffic efficiency.
According to research company BloombergNEF’s “Electric Vehicle Outlook” report, China will operate the world’s largest robotaxi fleet of about 12 million self-driving vehicles by 2040, followed by the United States with around 7 million such vehicles.
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 说明文
主题 语境 人与社会(信息技术创新)
语篇 内容 自动驾驶汽车出现以及交通运输业的未来
语篇 结构 Para.1 A self-driving taxi accident sparks debate on tech limitations.
Para.2 The advancement and challenge of self-driving tech.
Para.3 Concerns over job loss due to autonomous taxis.
Para.4 Robotaxis are unlikely to replace human drivers soon.
Para.5 Self-driving industry will boost smart auto transformation.
Para.6 China planned to lead in self-driving vehicles by 2040.
【命题意图】
9.What can we learn from Zhang Xiang’s words 第二段主要引用张翔的言论。通过张翔所表达的关于自动驾驶技术的观点,命题者希望测试读者是否能够从文本中提取出自动驾驶技术面临的挑战和限制,特别是它在处理非常规行为时的局限性。
10.Which of the following is a major threat to conventional taxi drivers 第四段主要讲述出租车司机面临的压力。这个问题旨在评估读者对传统出租车司机所面临的威胁的理解。
11.What is the main topic of the text 全文主要谈到交通运输业的未来。命题者希望读者能够识别出文章的中心议题。
12.What is theauthor’s attitude towards self- driving industry 倒数第二段主要谈到作者对自动驾驶行业的态度。这个问题旨在评估读者对作者对自动驾驶行业态度的理解。
9.What can we learn from Zhang Xiang’s words
A.Self-driving technology suffers a bottleneck.
B.It is not easy to promote self-driving vehicles.
C.Motorists or passers-by tend to break traffic rules.
D.The present road traffic system is far from perfect.10.Which of the following is a major threat to conventional taxi drivers
A.The impact of private ride-hailing cars.
B.Employment caused by driverless vehicles.
C.Complex and ever-changing road conditions.
D.A great many passers-by breaking traffic rules.11.What is the main topic of the text
A.The future of the transportation industry.
B.The history of autonomous driving technology.
C.The accident of a self-driving taxi and its implications.
D.The advantages of self-driving taxis over traditional taxis.12.What is the author’s attitude towards the self-driving industry
A.Partial.　　　　 B.Favorable.
C.Skeptical. D.Dismissive.
- 12 -核心素养测评 Unit 3　The Internet
(25分钟　30分)
阅读理解(共12小题;每小题2.5分,满分30分)
A
Every so often, 31-year-old Chen Jiawen, a product designer at a technology company in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, sets aside a day for herself called Unplug Day.On this day, she disconnects from the digital world and focuses on real-life experiences.In the morning, she prepares breakfast for herself while listening to music.In the afternoon, she wanders through the park with friends and in the evening, they enjoy a meal together without touching their phones, engaged in deep conversation.Upon returning home, she spends the evening reading.
Chen started the plan as she often felt “interrupted” by technology, citing moments of distraction(分心) like pop-up notifications, ring tones and repetitious warnings leading her to check for new messages, and feelings of information overload.“Occasionally disconnecting from the network is like feeding the brain a day of vegetarian food,” Chen said.Unplug Day is part of her plan to combat information overload from overusing the phone and to rebuild her focus.In addition to this, she has started replacing short videos with longer ones and prioritizes reading in-depth news articles or books.“When friends gather and everyone is glued to their phones, it makes me uncomfortable,” Chen said, adding that burying herself in social media prevented her from completing work as planned, leading to psychological burdens and a decreasing focus.
It’s become a common situation where modern people might unconsciously use the time spent waiting at traffic lights to watch a short video or constantly check out a trending topic upon receiving a push notification from an app.To prevent this sense of being “controlled” by mobile devices, some young Chinese like Chen are experimenting with digital minimalism and are discovering positive outcomes from their efforts.Technology should bring us joy, not reduce the time we spend with family or increase our anxiety.Our goal is to control technology rather than letting it control us.
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 新闻报道
主题 语境 人与社会(信息技术创新)
语篇 内容 文章主要讲述了Chen Jiawen为自己设置了一个 Unplug Day,在这一天远离网络和电子设备,文章呼吁当下年轻人不应当受控于电子设备
语篇 结构 Para.1 Chen Jiawen observes Unplug Day to escape digital distractions and engage in real-life activities.
Para.2 Chen’s motivation for Unplug Day is to reduce technology-induced stress and improve concentration.
Para.3 Some young people in China are practicing digital minimalism to take control of their technology use.
【命题意图】
1.What can we learn about Unplug Day 第一段主要讲述Chen Jiawen远离数码网络世界,回归真实生活的情况。此题旨在考查读者对Unplug Day这一概念的理解
2.What does the underlined word “combat” in Paragraph 2 mean 第二段主要讲述Chen因对科技干扰和信息过载感到困扰,开始实行计划以重建专注力,减少浏览短视频,多读深度内容。 这个题旨在评估读者对文章中使用的词汇的理解
3.What is the direct impact of over-involvement in social media 第二段主要提到把自己埋没在社交媒体上的不良后果。 此题的目的是考查读者对社交媒体过度参与所带来的直接后果的理解
4.What does the author suggest people do in the last paragraph 最后一段主要论述减少数码网络使用时间是有效果的,我们的目标是控制技术,而不是让技术控制我们。这个问题旨在评估读者对作者在最后一段中所传达的建议的理解
1.What can we learn about Unplug Day
A.It is a day for reading.
B.It is a day without phones.
C.It is a day away from the Internet.
D.It is a day to spend with friends.
【解析】选C。 细节理解题。根据第一段“On this day, she disconnects from the digital world...she spends the evening reading.”可知,Unplug Day是远离数码网络世界,回归真实生活的一天。故选C。
2.What does the underlined word “combat” in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Range.　B.Cancel.　C.Obtain.　D.Prevent.
【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据第二段“Unplug Day is part of her plan to combat information overload from overusing the phone and to rebuild her focus.”可知, Chen Jiawen设置Unplug Day是想要阻止手机信息过量,重新找回专注力。由此可推知,画线词意思是“阻止”,与D项“Prevent”意思相近。故选D。
3.What is the direct impact of over-involvement in social media
A.Tasks’ delays. B.Stress from peers.
C.Mental problems. D.A decreasing focus.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段“adding that burying herself in social media prevented her from completing work as planned, leading to psychological burdens and a decreasing focus”可知,沉溺媒体会直接导致Chen Jiawen不能按计划完成工作。故选A。
4.What does the author suggest people do in the last paragraph
A.Enjoy the benefits of technology.
B.Decrease the time spent on digital devices.
C.Remove the apps informing new messages.
D.Watch longer videos while waiting at traffic lights.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段“To prevent this sense of being ‘controlled’ by mobile devices, some young Chinese like Chen are experimenting with digital minimalism and are discovering positive outcomes of their efforts.”和“Our goal is to control technology rather than letting it control us.”可知,减少数码网络使用时间是有效果的,我们的目标是控制技术,而不是让技术控制我们。由此可推知,作者建议人们减少使用电子设备的时间。故选B。
B
(2026·合肥模拟)
The growing interaction between humans and artificial intelligence(AI) is shaping a new way of thinking, known as System 0.This new cognitive framework exists outside the human mind and works as an external “thinking assistant”.System 0 works alongside the two established models of human thought: System 1, which is fast and automatic, and System 2, which is slower, more analytical, and reflective.
Just as an external drive allows us to store data that are not present on the computer and work anywhere by connecting to a PC, AI—with its powerful data-handling capabilities—functions as an external cognitive circuit that enhances human brain capacity.Hence the idea of System 0, which is essentially a form of “external” thinking, relies on the capabilities of AI.
By managing enormous amounts of data, AI can process information and provide suggestions based on complex algorithms(算法).However, unlike intuitive or analytical thinking, System 0 can perform calculations, make predictions, and generate responses without truly “understanding” the content of the data it works with.
The integration of System 0 into human cognition raises some concerns.One of the most pressing ones is the potential damage to our critical thinking and reasoning abilities.If we blindly trust the output of System 0 without questioning it, we risk losing our ability to think independently, leading to a weaker capacity for innovation and creativity.At the same time, it is important to acknowledge the potential benefits of System 0 in increasing our cognitive capabilities and addressing complex challenges that may be beyond the capacity of human intelligence alone.
Despite the polarized visions on the topic of the evolution of AI, we recommend that this revolutionary system be the object of a deep, shared reflection on how we plan to integrate it into the future of human thought.To ensure that AI remains a tool to enhance—rather than decrease—our cognitive autonomy, clear boundaries must be established.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的认知框架——
System 0,它是人类与人工智能互动中形成的外部“思考助手”,并探讨了其与人类已有的思维模式的关系、本质、带来的担忧与益处以及未来的整合方向。
5.What is the main function of Paragraph 1
A.To explain how AI impacts daily routines.
B.To introduce a new cognitive framework.
C.To compare three human thinking systems.
D.To analyze AI’s role in decision-making processes.
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据第一段“The growing interaction between humans and artificial intelligence(AI) is shaping a new way of thinking, known as System 0.This new cognitive framework exists outside the human mind and works as an external ‘thinking assistant’.”可知,第一段开篇就引出了System 0这一新的认知框架,并简要介绍了它的性质,核心是介绍这一新的认知框架。故选B。
6.Which statement captures the essence of System 0
A.It seeks profound meanings in data.
B.It pioneers analytical thinking methods.
C.It enhances human cognition externally.
D.It makes intelligent decisions independently.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段“Just as an external drive allows us to store data that are not present on the computer and work anywhere by connecting to a PC, AI—with its powerful data-handling capabilities—functions as an external cognitive circuit that enhances human brain capacity.”可知,System 0的本质是从外部增强人类的认知能力。故选C。
7.What is the author’s tone conveyed in Paragraph 4
A.Objective. B.Indifferent.
C.Aggressive. D.Dismissive.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第四段可知,作者既提到了System 0带来的担忧,也指出了它的潜在益处,态度是客观的。故选A。
8.What will the follow-up paragraph most probably talk about
A.Moral dilemmas in human-AI integration.
B.Potentially promising prospects of System 0.
C.Technical challenges in sharpening System 0.
D.Specific guidelines on using System 0 critically.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段“To ensure that AI remains a tool to enhance—rather than decrease—our cognitive autonomy, clear boundaries must be established.”可知,接下来很可能会讨论关于如何批判性地使用System 0的具体指导方针,以建立这种明确的界限。故选D。
C
A self-driving taxi operated by a Chinese tech giant recently hit a passer-by crossing against a traffic light in Wuhan, capital of Hubei Province, sparking heated discussions on the challenges and limitations facing autonomous driving technology, especially in complex circumstances.
Zhang Xiang, an auto sector researcher at North China University of Technology, said that the incident in Wuhan indicates that self-driving technology has progressed significantly over the past few years, but it still encounters difficulties under ever-changing road conditions and has some limitations when dealing with unconventional behavior, such as motorists or passers-by violating traffic rules.There are still some obstacles to integrating the self-driving vehicles into the existing road traffic safety management system, as the legal obligations of relevant subjects involving autonomous vehicles have not been clarified under current laws and regulations.
Meanwhile, the commercial application of robotaxis in more cities across the country has raised concerns about employment, as taxi drivers are worried about losing their jobs due to intense competition from driverless ride-hailing vehicles, industry experts said.So far, more than 20 cities nationwide have introduced policies supporting autonomous driving tests, with more than 60 enterprises having obtained self-driving test licenses.
Nevertheless, some believe that people only prefer to experience this emerging technology, and the number of robotaxis on the road is still far smaller than those of taxis.It is also noted that the pressure on taxi drivers mainly comes from fierce competition between private ride-hailing cars and traditional taxis, and that the autonomous driving vehicles will not have a serious impact on the job market or replace human drivers in the short term.
Despite the challenges, the development of the self-driving industry will strengthen the intelligent transformation of the auto industry and speed the construction of vehicle-road coordination systems, which support the transfer of information from vehicles to roadway networks as a way to improve traffic efficiency.
According to research company BloombergNEF’s “Electric Vehicle Outlook” report, China will operate the world’s largest robotaxi fleet of about 12 million self-driving vehicles by 2040, followed by the United States with around 7 million such vehicles.
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 说明文
主题 语境 人与社会(信息技术创新)
语篇 内容 自动驾驶汽车出现以及交通运输业的未来
语篇 结构 Para.1 A self-driving taxi accident sparks debate on tech limitations.
Para.2 The advancement and challenge of self-driving tech.
Para.3 Concerns over job loss due to autonomous taxis.
Para.4 Robotaxis are unlikely to replace human drivers soon.
Para.5 Self-driving industry will boost smart auto transformation.
Para.6 China planned to lead in self-driving vehicles by 2040.
【命题意图】
9.What can we learn from Zhang Xiang’s words 第二段主要引用张翔的言论。通过张翔所表达的关于自动驾驶技术的观点,命题者希望测试读者是否能够从文本中提取出自动驾驶技术面临的挑战和限制,特别是它在处理非常规行为时的局限性。
10.Which of the following is a major threat to conventional taxi drivers 第四段主要讲述出租车司机面临的压力。这个问题旨在评估读者对传统出租车司机所面临的威胁的理解。
11.What is the main topic of the text 全文主要谈到交通运输业的未来。命题者希望读者能够识别出文章的中心议题。
12.What is theauthor’s attitude towards self- driving industry 倒数第二段主要谈到作者对自动驾驶行业的态度。这个问题旨在评估读者对作者对自动驾驶行业态度的理解。
9.What can we learn from Zhang Xiang’s words
A.Self-driving technology suffers a bottleneck.
B.It is not easy to promote self-driving vehicles.
C.Motorists or passers-by tend to break traffic rules.
D.The present road traffic system is far from perfect.
【解析】选B。 推理判断题。根据第二段“but it still encounters difficulties under ever-changing road conditions and has some limitations when dealing with unconventional behavior, such as motorists or passers-by violating traffic rules.There are still some obstacles to integrating the self-driving vehicles into the existing road traffic safety management system, as the legal obligations of relevant subjects involving autonomous vehicles have not been clarified under current laws and regulations”可知,我们可以从张翔的话中学到推广自动驾驶汽车并不容易。故选B项。
10.Which of the following is a major threat to conventional taxi drivers
A.The impact of private ride-hailing cars.
B.Employment caused by driverless vehicles.
C.Complex and ever-changing road conditions.
D.A great many passers-by breaking traffic rules.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第四段“It is also noted that the pressure on taxi drivers mainly comes from fierce competition between private ride-hailing cars and traditional taxis, and that the autonomous driving vehicles will not have a serious impact on the job market or replace human drivers in the short term.”可知,对传统出租车司机的主要威胁是私家网约车。故选A项。
11.What is the main topic of the text
A.The future of the transportation industry.
B.The history of autonomous driving technology.
C.The accident of a self-driving taxi and its implications.
D.The advantages of self-driving taxis over traditional taxis.
【解析】选A。 主旨大意题。根据最后两段可知,短文主要是关于交通运输业的未来。故选A项。
12.What is the author’s attitude towards the self-driving industry
A.Partial.　　　　 B.Favorable.
C.Skeptical. D.Dismissive.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知,作者对自动驾驶行业的态度是支持的。故选B项。
- 12 -核心素养测评 Unit 4　History and Traditions
(25分钟　32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共7小题;每小题2.5分,满分 17.5分)
A
Competition of Reno Garden Show
The Competition of Reno Garden Show is a festival for people around the world to spread garden culture, introduce new garden trends, and discover creative garden design.We look forward to many garden designers’ participation.
The theme of the competition is “Link Garden, Think Life”, which represents its primary objective of linking the disconnected urban spaces with gardens and making efforts to improve the quality of life for citizens through this.
Venue: Wonder Park
Area:5 locations, approx.150 m2 per site
Garden Type: Gardens which will be maintained on the site after the show.
Budget per site: $ 45,000
Schedule
Announcement Period: June 12th(Fri) ~ July 17th(Fri)
Q&A: June 22nd(Mon)~ June 24th(Wed)
Submission: July 15th(Wed)~ July 17th(Fri)(by E-mail)
Initial Screening(documentation)
Judge: July 24th(Fri)
Result: July 29th(Wed)
Garden Construction: September 7th(Mon)~ October 6th(Tue)
Second Screening(onsite)
Ranking decision: October 6th(Tue)
Result: October 8th(Thu) Opening & Award Ceremony
Garden Exhibition: October 8th(Thu)~ October 18th(Sun)
Prize Money
Gold: 1 team,$ 12,000
Silver: 1 team,$4,800
Bronze:3 teams, each $2,400
Contact:klam@
Download the information related to this competition here.
【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文,文章是有关Reno花园展览竞赛的一则公告,主题为“连接花园,思考生活”。
1.Which of the following is related to the theme of the competition
A.Disconnecting urban spaces.
B.Bettering the urban environment.
C.Developing people’s new hobbies.
D.Experiencing the fast pace of Reno.2.When is the submission deadline of the competition
A.June 22nd.　 B.July 15th.
C.July 17th. D.July 29th.3.Where is the passage most probably taken from
A.A journal. B.A brochure.
C.A website. D.A magazine.B
(2026·沧州模拟)
Palaces are known for their beauty and splendor, but they offer little protection against attacks.It is easy to defend a fortress(堡垒), but fortresses are not designed with the comfort of a king or queen in mind.When it comes to structures that are both fancy and well-defended, the classic European castle is the best example of design.Across the ages, castles changed, developed, and eventually fell out of use, but they still command the fascination of our culture.
Castles were built in England by Norman invaders in 1066.As William the Conqueror advanced through England, he defended key positions to secure the land he had taken.The castles he built allowed the Norman lords to draw back to safety when threatened by English rebellion(叛乱).Castles also served as bases of operation for offensive attacks.Soldiers were gathered, organized around, and deployed(部署) from castles.In this way castles served both offensive and defensive roles in military operations.
Not limited to military(军事的) purposes, castles also served as offices from which the lord would administer control over his kingdom.That is to say, the lord of the land would hold court in his castle.Those that were socially beneath the lord would come to report the affairs of the lands that they governed and pay tribute to the lord.They would address conflicts, handle business, feast, and enjoy festivities, In this way castles served as important social centers in medieval England.Castles also served as symbols of power.Built on important and noticeable sites overlooking the surrounding areas, castles always appeared in the background of many peasants and served as a daily reminder of the lord’s strength.
Now, castles no longer serve their original purposes.However, the remaining castles receive millions of visitors each year from those who wish to experience the glory of a time long passed.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了欧洲城堡兼具华丽与防御功能,历经演变后虽不再用于原用途,但仍吸引众多游客。
4.How does the author introduce the topic of the text
A.By making an assumption.
B.By giving an example.
C.By making comparison.
D.By giving a definition.5.Why did William the Conqueror build castles
A.He wanted to celebrate his victory.
B.He wanted to remind people of his influence.
C.He wanted to live peacefully with the English.
D.He wanted to use them to his military advantage.6.Which of the following is a way the lord would adopt to show his power
A.Dealing with conflicts in his castle.
B.Building his castle in an obvious place.
C.Carrying out social activities in his castle.
D.Ordering peasants to live near his castle.7.What attracts people to visit castles today
A.The history.
B.The architecture.
C.The beauty.
D.The surroundings.Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
During my stay at the University of Michigan, one of the senior professors asked me to join a seminar on culture and emotion.In a general 　8　 of self-introductions, I introduced myself in a(n) 　9　 way as one of those who are “interested in culture and emotion”.The professor supplemented(补充) my self-introduction to 　10　 American standards, saying I was one of the world’s experts on the 　11　.In response, I looked down in 　12　 and thought that “expert” was a big word.
When I lived in North Carolina, my new friends came over to 　13　.Conversations were full of interest and energy, and there was a lot of 　14　.At the end of the evening, when my guests left, they thanked me for the dinner.My heart 　15　, because I was born and raised in the Netherlands, where “thanking you for dinner” means the relationship is 　16　.
Emotions are different enough to feel out of 　17　 when you move from one culture to another.The professor at the University of Michigan meant to make me feel 　18　, but instead made me uncomfortable.My friends meant to show 　19　, but they made me think they were distancing themselves from me.
We think of emotions as feelings deep inside us, but in 　20　, our emotions happen in interactions with others.In my own culture, it was hard to observe the 　21　 emotions of others, but I was able to see them when I moved to the US—a different 　22　 from where I was raised.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了作者作为一个土生土长的荷兰人,在与美国人交流时发现了身处不同文化中的人表达情感的方式也不同。
8.A.analysis　 B.state　 C.letter　　 D.round9.A.modest B.interesting C.dramatic D.proud
10.A.set B.fit C.evaluate D.recommend
11.A.approach B.situation C.topic D.course
12.A.curiosity B.pity
C.disappointment D.embarrassment13.A.play B.dine C.work D.perform
14.A.support B.noise C.fun D.argument
15.A.sank B.melted C.raced D.opened16.A.harmonious B.normal C.strong D.distant
17.A.date B.shape C.place D.sight18.A.reliable B.good C.serious D.careful19.A.gratitude B.respect C.admiration D.affection
20.A.total B.advance C.detail D.reality
21.A.unbelievable B.pure C.invisible D.powerful
22.A.level B.culture C.standard D.value
- 10 -核心素养测评 Unit 4　History and Traditions
(25分钟　32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共7小题;每小题2.5分,满分 17.5分)
A
Competition of Reno Garden Show
The Competition of Reno Garden Show is a festival for people around the world to spread garden culture, introduce new garden trends, and discover creative garden design.We look forward to many garden designers’ participation.
The theme of the competition is “Link Garden, Think Life”, which represents its primary objective of linking the disconnected urban spaces with gardens and making efforts to improve the quality of life for citizens through this.
Venue: Wonder Park
Area:5 locations, approx.150 m2 per site
Garden Type: Gardens which will be maintained on the site after the show.
Budget per site: $ 45,000
Schedule
Announcement Period: June 12th(Fri) ~ July 17th(Fri)
Q&A: June 22nd(Mon)~ June 24th(Wed)
Submission: July 15th(Wed)~ July 17th(Fri)(by E-mail)
Initial Screening(documentation)
Judge: July 24th(Fri)
Result: July 29th(Wed)
Garden Construction: September 7th(Mon)~ October 6th(Tue)
Second Screening(onsite)
Ranking decision: October 6th(Tue)
Result: October 8th(Thu) Opening & Award Ceremony
Garden Exhibition: October 8th(Thu)~ October 18th(Sun)
Prize Money
Gold: 1 team,$ 12,000
Silver: 1 team,$4,800
Bronze:3 teams, each $2,400
Contact:klam@
Download the information related to this competition here.
【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文,文章是有关Reno花园展览竞赛的一则公告,主题为“连接花园,思考生活”。
1.Which of the following is related to the theme of the competition
A.Disconnecting urban spaces.
B.Bettering the urban environment.
C.Developing people’s new hobbies.
D.Experiencing the fast pace of Reno.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段可知,比赛的主题是“连接花园,思考生活”,这代表了其主要目标,即通过花园连接被分割的城市空间,并努力通过这种方式提高市民的生活质量。所以比赛的目标之一是改善城市环境。故选B项。
2.When is the submission deadline of the competition
A.June 22nd.　 B.July 15th.
C.July 17th. D.July 29th.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据Schedule部分的“Submission: July 15th(Wed)~ July 17th(Fri)(by E-mail)”,可知提交截止日期为7月17日。故选C项。
3.Where is the passage most probably taken from
A.A journal. B.A brochure.
C.A website. D.A magazine.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Download the information related to this competition here.”可知,这里指在此下载与本次比赛相关的信息。通过这样的表述可知,这篇文章很可能来源于一个网站。故选C项。
B
(2026·沧州模拟)
Palaces are known for their beauty and splendor, but they offer little protection against attacks.It is easy to defend a fortress(堡垒), but fortresses are not designed with the comfort of a king or queen in mind.When it comes to structures that are both fancy and well-defended, the classic European castle is the best example of design.Across the ages, castles changed, developed, and eventually fell out of use, but they still command the fascination of our culture.
Castles were built in England by Norman invaders in 1066.As William the Conqueror advanced through England, he defended key positions to secure the land he had taken.The castles he built allowed the Norman lords to draw back to safety when threatened by English rebellion(叛乱).Castles also served as bases of operation for offensive attacks.Soldiers were gathered, organized around, and deployed(部署) from castles.In this way castles served both offensive and defensive roles in military operations.
Not limited to military(军事的) purposes, castles also served as offices from which the lord would administer control over his kingdom.That is to say, the lord of the land would hold court in his castle.Those that were socially beneath the lord would come to report the affairs of the lands that they governed and pay tribute to the lord.They would address conflicts, handle business, feast, and enjoy festivities, In this way castles served as important social centers in medieval England.Castles also served as symbols of power.Built on important and noticeable sites overlooking the surrounding areas, castles always appeared in the background of many peasants and served as a daily reminder of the lord’s strength.
Now, castles no longer serve their original purposes.However, the remaining castles receive millions of visitors each year from those who wish to experience the glory of a time long passed.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了欧洲城堡兼具华丽与防御功能,历经演变后虽不再用于原用途,但仍吸引众多游客。
4.How does the author introduce the topic of the text
A.By making an assumption.
B.By giving an example.
C.By making comparison.
D.By giving a definition.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段中“Palaces are known for their beauty and splendor, but they offer little protection against attacks.It is easy to defend a fortress, but fortresses are not designed with the comfort of a king or queen in mind.When it comes to structures that are both fancy and well-defended, the classic European castle is the best example of design.”可知,作者通过比较宫殿和堡垒来引出文章的主题——欧洲城堡。故选C。
5.Why did William the Conqueror build castles
A.He wanted to celebrate his victory.
B.He wanted to remind people of his influence.
C.He wanted to live peacefully with the English.
D.He wanted to use them to his military advantage.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中“As William the Conqueror advanced through England...Castles also served as bases of operation for offensive attacks.”可知,征服者威廉建造城堡是为了利用它们来取得军事上的优势。故选D。
6.Which of the following is a way the lord would adopt to show his power
A.Dealing with conflicts in his castle.
B.Building his castle in an obvious place.
C.Carrying out social activities in his castle.
D.Ordering peasants to live near his castle.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段中“Castles also served as symbols of power.Built on important and noticeable sites overlooking the surrounding areas, castles always appeared in the background of many peasants and served as a daily reminder of the lord’s strength.”可知,领主会把城堡建在一个显眼的地方来展示他的权力。故选B。
7.What attracts people to visit castles today
A.The history.
B.The architecture.
C.The beauty.
D.The surroundings.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段中“However, the remaining castles receive millions of visitors each year from those who wish to experience the glory of a time long passed.”可知,是城堡的历史吸引了如今的人们来参观。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
During my stay at the University of Michigan, one of the senior professors asked me to join a seminar on culture and emotion.In a general 　8　 of self-introductions, I introduced myself in a(n) 　9　 way as one of those who are “interested in culture and emotion”.The professor supplemented(补充) my self-introduction to 　10　 American standards, saying I was one of the world’s experts on the 　11　.In response, I looked down in 　12　 and thought that “expert” was a big word.
When I lived in North Carolina, my new friends came over to 　13　.Conversations were full of interest and energy, and there was a lot of 　14　.At the end of the evening, when my guests left, they thanked me for the dinner.My heart 　15　, because I was born and raised in the Netherlands, where “thanking you for dinner” means the relationship is 　16　.
Emotions are different enough to feel out of 　17　 when you move from one culture to another.The professor at the University of Michigan meant to make me feel 　18　, but instead made me uncomfortable.My friends meant to show 　19　, but they made me think they were distancing themselves from me.
We think of emotions as feelings deep inside us, but in 　20　, our emotions happen in interactions with others.In my own culture, it was hard to observe the 　21　 emotions of others, but I was able to see them when I moved to the US—a different 　22　 from where I was raised.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了作者作为一个土生土长的荷兰人,在与美国人交流时发现了身处不同文化中的人表达情感的方式也不同。
8.A.analysis　 B.state　 C.letter　　 D.round
【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意:在一轮全体自我介绍中,我谦虚地介绍自己是“对文化和情感感兴趣”的人之一。analysis分析;state状态;letter信;round阶段,轮次。根据空后的“of self-introductions”和上文中的“asked me to join a seminar on culture and emotion”可知,作者参加了一个研讨会,在会上大家依次做一轮自我介绍。故选D。
9.A.modest B.interesting C.dramatic D.proud
【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。modest谦虚的;interesting有趣的;dramatic急剧的;proud骄傲的。根据空后的“as one of those who are ‘interested in culture and emotion’”和下文中的“saying I was one of the world’s experts”可知,作者介绍自己的时候说自己只是一个对文化和情感感兴趣的人,而教授却说作者是专家,由此可知,作者介绍自己的时候非常谦虚。故选A。
10.A.set B.fit C.evaluate D.recommend
【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意:这位教授补充了我的自我介绍,以符合美国的标准,说我是世界上关于这个话题的专家之一。set设置;fit适合,符合;evaluate评估;recommend推荐。根据空后的“American standards”可知,这位教授补充作者的自我介绍是为了更符合美国人说话的习惯,让别人更容易理解。故选B。
11.A.approach B.situation C.topic D.course
【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。approach方式;situation情况;topic话题,题目;course课程,讲座。根据上文中的“a seminar on culture and emotion”可知,作者参加的是关于文化和情感的研讨会,所以这里是说作者是关于这个话题的专家。故选C。
12.A.curiosity B.pity
C.disappointment D.embarrassment
【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意:作为回应,我尴尬地往下看,认为“专家”是一个很大的词。curiosity好奇心;pity遗憾;disappointment失望;embarrassment窘迫,尴尬。根据空后的“and thought that ‘expert’ was a big word”可知,作者觉得用专家来形容自己显得太过了,感觉很尴尬。故选D。
13.A.play B.dine C.work D.perform
【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意:当我住在北卡罗来纳州时,我的新朋友们来家里吃饭。play玩;dine进餐,用饭;work工作;perform表演,履行。根据下文中的“they thanked me for the dinner”可知,作者的新朋友来作者家里吃饭。故选B。
14.A.support B.noise C.fun D.argument
【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意:谈话充满了兴趣和活力,也充满了乐趣。support支持;noise噪音;fun快乐,乐趣;argument争吵,争辩。根据句中的“full of interest and energy”可知,作者和朋友们的谈话很有趣,所以充满了乐趣。故选C。
15.A.sank B.melted C.raced D.opened
【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意:我的心一沉,因为我在荷兰出生和长大,在那里,“谢谢你的饭”意味着这段关系很疏远。sank下沉;melted(使)熔化,融化;raced参加比赛;opened打开。根据空前的“My heart”可知,作者听到客人们的感谢后心情低落,my heart sinks意为“情绪低落”。故选A。
16.A.harmonious B.normal C.strong D.distant
【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。harmonious和谐的;normal正常的;strong强壮的;distant遥远的,疏远的。根据下文中的“they made me think they were distancing themselves from me”可知,在作者的文化中,感谢别人的饭说明这段关系很疏远。故选D。
17.A.date B.shape C.place D.sight
【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意:当你从一种文化转移到另一种文化时,情感的差异足以让你感到格格不入。date日期,out of date意为“过时的”;shape形状,out of shape意为“变形的”;place地方,out of place意为“位置不当,不适当”;sight视力,看见,out of sight意为“看不见”。根据空后的“when you move from one culture to another”并结合上文作者与美国人打交道的事可知,作者从一种文化进入另一种文化,两种文化表达感情的方式不同,让人感觉格格不入。故选C。
18.A.reliable B.good C.serious D.careful
【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:密歇根大学的教授本想让我感觉良好,但却让我感到不舒服。reliable可靠的;good好的;serious严肃的;careful小心的。根据空后的“but instead made me uncomfortable”可知,空处表达内容应和uncomfortable相反,教授的本意是想让作者感觉良好。故选B。
19.A.gratitude B.respect C.admiration D.affection
【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意:我的朋友们本想表达感激之情,但他们让我觉得他们在疏远我。gratitude感激,感谢;respect尊重;admiration羡慕,赞赏;affection喜爱,钟爱。but前后表示转折,but后的“they made me think they were distancing themselves from me”讲朋友们感谢作者的招待让作者感觉他们在疏远自己,所以这里应是说朋友们本意是想表示感激。故选A。
20.A.total B.advance C.detail D.reality
【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们认为情感是我们内心深处的感受,但事实上,我们的情感发生在与他人的互动中。total总计,in total意为“总共”;advance进步,in advance意为“提前”;detail详情,全部细节,in detail意为“详细地”;reality现实,in reality意为“事实上”。根据句中的“We think of emotions as feelings deep inside us”可知,这里是将我们认为和实际相比较。故选D。
21.A.unbelievable B.pure C.invisible D.powerful
【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在我自己的文化中,很难观察到别人那看不见的情感,但当我搬到美国——一种与我成长的地方不同的文化时,我能够看到它们的不同。unbelievable难以置信的;pure纯粹的;invisible看不见的,无形的;powerful强有力的。根据句中的“but I was able to see them”可知,后面说作者能看见别人的情感,这里与之相反,表示的是作者很难看到这些无形的情感。故选C。
22.A.level B.culture C.standard D.value
【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。level程度,水平;culture文化;standard标准;value价值。根据句中的“In my own culture”并结合全文可知,作者主要讨论的是文化不同表达情感的方式也不同,作者搬到了美国,这里的文化与作者自己的文化不同。故选B。
- 10 -核心素养测评 Unit 2　Wildlife Protection
(30分钟　35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分20分)
A
When stressed out, many of us turn to junk food like deep-fried food for comfort.But a new study found that in animals, a high-fat diet disturbs resident gut bacteria(肠道细菌), changes behavior and, through a complex pathway connecting the gut to the brain, influences brain chemicals in ways that fuel anxiety.
“Everyone knows that these are not healthy foods, but we tend to think about them strictly in terms of a little weight gain,” said lead author Christopher Lowry.“ If you understand that they also impact your brain in a way that can promote anxiety, that makes the risk even higher.”
Lowry’s team divided mice into two groups: Half got a standard diet of about 11% fat for nine weeks; the others got a high-fat diet of 45% fat, consisting mostly of fat from animal products.The typical American diet is about 36% fat, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
When compared to the control group, the group eating a high-fat diet, not surprisingly, gained weight.But the animals also showed significantly less diversity of gut bacteria.Generally speaking, more bacterial diversity is associated with better health, Lowry explained.The high-fat diet group also showed higher expression of three genes(tph2, htr1a, and slc6a4) involved in production and signaling of the brain chemical called serotonin(血清素)—particularly in a region of the central part of the brain known as the dorsal raphe nucleus cDRD, which is associated with stress and anxiety.While serotonin is often regarded as a “feel-good brain chemical”, Lowry notes that certain parts in the brain, when activated, touch off anxiety-like responses in animals.Especially, heightened expression of tph2 in the cDRD has been associated with mood disorders in humans.
“To think that just a high-fat diet could change expression of these genes in the brain is extraordinary,” said Lowry.“The high-fat group essentially had a high anxiety state in their brain.” However, Lowry stresses that not all fats are bad, and that healthy fats like those found in fish, nuts and seeds can be good for the brain.
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 说明文
主题 语境 人与社会(科技发展与信息技术创新,科学精神、信息安全)
语篇 内容 研究发现在动物身上,高脂肪饮食会破坏肠道细菌,改变行为,并通过连接肠道和大脑的复杂途径影响大脑化学物质,从而加剧焦虑
语篇 结构 Para.1 Findings of a new study about the impact of a high-fat diet on emotions
Para.2 Lowry’s opinion on the new finding
Para.3 How the study is conducted
Para.4 Details of the finding: the effects of a high-fat diet on the brain
Para.5 Not all fats are bad
【命题意图】
1.What is the new finding 第一段主要介绍了一个新研究的发现,高脂饮食对情绪有影响。命题者便从这个角度命题,旨在考查考生对本文主题的把握
2.What is the main idea of the third paragraph 第三段主要介绍了这个研究的方法,因此本题的设置显然是考查考生对段落大意的归纳和总结能力
3.What happened to the mice that ate a high-fat diet 第四段中详细介绍了实验的结果,那些吃高脂饮食的老鼠肠道细菌的多样性明显减少。本题的设置旨在考查考生对繁杂情况中的细节把握能力
4.What does Lowry agree with 最后一段中提到Lowry的观点,认为并非所有的脂肪都不好,本题从这个角度命制考查了考生对文章中人物态度和观点的理解
1.What is the new finding
A.Junk food leads to overweight.
B.High-fat food brings bad moods.
C.Brain chemicals cause anxiety.
D.Gut bacteria benefit brain health.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段“But a new study found that in animals, a high-fat diet disturbs resident gut bacteria, changes behavior and, through a complex pathway connecting the gut to the brain, influences brain chemicals in ways that fuel anxiety.”可知,新的发现是高脂肪食物会带来坏心情。故选B。
2.What is the main idea of the third paragraph
A.How the study is conducted.
B.What the study wants to find.
C.Why Lowry’s team used mice to do the research.
D.How much fat is in the diets.
【解析】选A。段落大意题。根据第三段第一句“Lowry’s team divided mice into two groups”可知,本段主要介绍研究的方法。故选A。
3.What happened to the mice that ate a high-fat diet
A.They looked more anxious.
B.They lost much more weight.
C.They suffered mood disorders.
D.They lacked gut bacteria variety.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“When compared to the control group, the group eating a high-fat diet, not surprisingly, gained weight.But the animals also showed significantly less diversity of gut bacteria.”可知,与对照组相比,吃高脂肪食物的老鼠缺乏肠道细菌的多样性。故选D。
4.What does Lowry agree with
A.Every fat is harmful.　
B.Fish fat is harmless.
C.Stress comes from fat.
D.Some fats are good.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, Lowry stresses that not all fats are bad, and that healthy fats like those found in fish, nuts and seeds can be good for the brain.”可知,Lowry认为有些脂肪是好的。故选D。
【失分剖析】
第1题容易误选A。因为常识认为,吃垃圾食品会发胖,受此影响,考生可能误选A。第一段的核心是“But a new study found that...”强调的是高脂饮食对于肠道菌群的影响。
B
(2026·衡水中学模拟)
Hiking is tricky when you’re carrying a threatened species. Ally Whitbread carefully jumped over logs while carrying a cooler full of tiny, rare snails. “I feel like I’ve got like 500 babies to take care of—just a very crazy mother hen,” she said.
The Chittenango ovate amber snails inside are facing extinction. Only dozens are estimated to remain at one waterfall in Upstate New York. But Whitbread is part of a team transporting a lab-bred population to a new, remote home for a shot at survival. Such a recovery process can take years to decades, and success is obscure, but scientists are racing to better understand our planet’s biodiversity before species are wiped out.
The hike to a hidden waterfall is a chance to examine what makes them thrive in the wild, or what doesn’t.
“These efforts to study rare species can unlock their hidden benefits to humans,” said Professor Laura Dee. “Our idea that we might want to have a species down the line comes from the uncertainty of what the future is going to bring, and what role that species might play.”
Like the once-rare Madagascar rosy periwinkle—a compound from the plant is now used in leukemia treatments. “While not every species will cure cancer,” Dee said, “more studies are needed because we don’t fully know what will happen if we lose them.”
Even just observing species in their habitats can prove helpful. University of Utah biology professor Jack Longino is cataloging the planet’s ants. He said understanding how the insects communicate could help programmers with robotics. “To create things to make new technologies, we’re sort of imitating nature all the time,” Longino said.
The Chittenango ovate amber snail doesn’t have any known unique traits critical to humans, and it has been a lengthy journey just to attempt to save them. The half-hour hike to the new habitat is the latest step in a process that has lasted more than five years.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家穿越丛林,用冷藏箱悉心保护濒危物种奇特南戈卵形琥珀蜗牛。
5.Which can best replace the underlined word “obscure” in Paragraph 2
A.Undeniable.　　 B.Unpredictable.
C.Inevitable. D.Incomparable.
【解析】选B。词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Such a recovery process can take years to decades”和下文“but scientists are racing to better understand our planet’s biodiversity before species are wiped out”可知,恢复过程很漫长,且后面有转折,说明科学家们在努力了解生物多样性。由此推知,此处指成功是不确定的、捉摸不透的,从而和科学家们的努力形成对比,obscure 意思应该是“不确定的、捉摸不透的”,与unpredictable 意思相近。故选B。
6.According to Professor Laura Dee, why should we save the Chittenango ovate amber snails
A.Because they help programmers create robotics.
B.Because we have a great affection for this rare snail.
C.Because they can be adopted for the treatment of cancer and leukemia.
D.Because we are uncertain about the hidden benefits of them to humans.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段中 Laura Dee 教授所说的话“These efforts to study rare species can unlock their hidden benefits to humans”以及“Our idea that we might want to have a species down the line comes from the uncertainty of what the future is going to bring, and what role that species might play”可知,Laura Dee 教授认为应该拯救这种蜗牛是因为我们不确定它们将来会起什么样的作用,对人类有什么潜在的好处。故选D。
7.What are Paragraph 5 and Paragraph 6 mainly about
A.The benefits of sustaining and studying rare species.
B.The helpfulness of observing how ants communicate.
C.The consequences of losing rare animals and plants in nature.
D.The healing effect of the compound from Madagascar rosy periwinkle.
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据第五段中“‘While not every species will cure cancer,’ Dee said, ‘more studies are needed because we don’t fully know what will happen if we lose them.’”可知,本段以马达加斯加玫瑰色长春花为例,说明珍稀物种可能带来潜在的好处。根据第六段中“Even just observing species in their habitats can prove helpful.”可知,本段介绍人类通过观察动物,模仿大自然去创新、去发展科技。由此可知,这两段都是围绕着保护和研究珍稀动物的好处而展开的。故选A。
8.Which is the best title for the text
A.Explore the rare species
B.Tiny snails, Great benefits
C.Small snails, Long journey
D.Save the extinct species
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是最后一段中“The Chittenango ovate amber snail doesn’t have any known unique traits critical to humans, and it has been a lengthy journey just to attempt to save them.”可知,文章围绕科学家们穿越丛林,保护濒危物种奇特南戈卵形琥珀蜗牛展开,介绍了这种物种的处境,以及科学家们进行拯救的原因和艰难。因此,C项“小小的蜗牛,漫长的旅程”抓住了文章的中心词,一语双关地点明了科学家们穿越丛林的旅程和进行拯救的旅行的漫长,适合作为标题。故选C。
Ⅱ.语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The China Wildlife Conservation Association and the San Diego Zoo in the US have recently signed an agreement for giant panda conservation, 9._______(select) a pair of giant pandas to be sent to the San Diego Zoo for a 10-year 10._______(national) conservation partnership.
To ensure the well-being of the giant pandas in the US, in March, experts from the China Wildlife Conservation Association 11._______(travel) to the US to engage in in-depth discussions and technical exchanges with the San Diego Zoo regarding panda care, living environment, and health requirements.
In line with 12._______ agreement, both parties are actively progressing with the preparations for the pandas’ journey to the US.China has selected a pair of pandas, Yun Chuan(male) and Xin Bao(female), 13._______ has arranged for experienced caretakers and vets 14._______(accompany) them to the US.
The US is currently renovating and upgrading the panda facilities to provide a larger and 15._______(comfortable) living environment.16._______(additional), the zoo has assembled(集合) a professional team with expertise in panda care, daily nursing, and related scientific research, 17._______(acquire) through study and exchange programs in China.
The San Diego Zoo is one of the world’s top five 18._______(zoo).In 1996, the two parties officially commenced(开始) panda cooperation, with Bai Yun and Shi Shi from China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda becoming the first pair to reside at the San Diego Zoo.
【文章大意】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中美启动为期十年的大熊猫保护合作关系。
9.【解析】selecting。考查非谓语动词。句意:中国野生动物保护协会与美国圣地亚哥动物园最近签署了一份大熊猫保护协议,选择一对大熊猫送往圣地亚哥动物园进行为期10年的国际保护合作。空处需填非谓语动词作状语,The China Wildlife Conservation Association and the San Diego Zoo in the US和select之间为主动关系,需用动词的现在分词形式作状语。故填selecting。
10.【解析】international。考查形容词。修饰名词短语conservation partnership,需用形容词international,作定语。故填international。
11.【解析】travelled/traveled。考查动词时态。句意:为了确保大熊猫在美国的健康,3月,中国野生动物保护协会的专家前往美国,与圣地亚哥动物园就大熊猫的护理、生存环境和健康要求进行了深入的讨论和技术交流。根据时间状语“in March”可知,此处为一般过去时。故填travelled/traveled。
12.【解析】the。考查冠词。句意:根据协议,双方正在积极推进大熊猫赴美的准备工作。根据上文“have recently signed an agreement”可知,此处第二次提到agreement,需用定冠词the表示特指。故填the。
13.【解析】and。考查连词。句意:中国选择了一对大熊猫云川(雄性)和鑫宝(雌性),并安排了经验丰富的护理人员和兽医陪同它们前往美国。“has selected”和“has arranged”为并列的谓语,需用连词and连接。故填and。
14.【解析】to accompany。考查非谓语动词。此处为目的状语,需用动词不定式。故填to accompany。
15.【解析】more comfortable。考查形容词比较级。句意:美国目前正在对熊猫设施进行翻新和升级,以提供更大、更舒适的生活环境。空处和larger并列,需用形容词比较级more comfortable,作定语,修饰名词environment。
16.【解析】Additionally。考查副词。修饰整个句子,需用副词additionally,作状语,位于句首,首字母大写。故填Additionally。
17.【解析】acquired。考查非谓语动词。空处需填非谓语动词作定语,expertise和acquire之间为被动关系,需用过去分词形式。故填acquired。
18.【解析】zoos。考查名词。句意:圣地亚哥动物园是世界五大动物园之一。five修饰可数名词复数。故填zoos。
- 10 -

展开更多......

收起↑