资源简介

核心素养测评 Welcome Unit
(15分钟　20分)
阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分20分)
A
(2026·成都模拟)
Some middle school students in Anne Arundel County are trying to solve a problem for one of their peers who uses a wheelchair.By doing so, they won a major award for their school, and it has qualified them for a nationwide competition.
Southern Middle School students and their science teacher, Jenna Borman, are working on a prototype(原型) desk that they hope to attach to the wheelchair of their classmate, Kenneth, who has a special disease and uses a laptop as his primary means of communication.
“At present, the laptop is in a pretty heavy case and has a strap(带子) that goes around his neck and a handle on the back of it for him to hold.When he’s seated, it kind of just lays in his lap.It’s not very easy for him to use,” Borman said.“Kenneth always has to hold his laptop, and so this project is going to help him just set it there so his hands are free, ” said Julia Baker to the social media, a student of this school.
What started off as an engineering after-school program has turned into an award-winning idea.The students recently won a statewide Science Technology Engineering Math(STEM) competition called “Solve for Tomorrow”, which came with $12,000 worth of technology for the school.
“We thought it was just an idea for Kenny, and then we won.So, it was like, wow,”said Avery Willet excitedly.
“This whole project is really teaching us about how to work together and how we can help other people and not just us, ” added Everleigh Finnelle.
“I learned how to work with others and a lot about teamwork so that we could make this project the best it could be, ” said Haley Brown.
“There is still room for improvement.Our team is working on the prototype, making adjustments so it works perfectly for Kenny.We’re really most looking forward to seeing him using it and all of our work into it, ” Finnelle said.
The final design is not due for the national competition until next month.
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了安妮阿伦德尔县的一些中学生为了帮助一位使用轮椅的同学而设计了一款原型书桌,并因此获得了一个重要奖项的故事。
1.Why did the students come up with the idea of the prototype desk
A.To test what they’ve learnt in school.
B.To join a national technology contest.
C.To satisfy a classmate’s special need.
D.To complete a group engineering project.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,学生们想出这个原型书桌的主意是为了满足一位同学的特殊需求。故选C。
2.How did the students find their winning of the STEM award
A.Satisfying.　　　 B.Surprising.
C.Comforting. D.Convincing.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第五段“‘We thought it was just an idea for Kenny, and then we won.So, it was like, wow, ’said Avery Willet excitedly.”可推知,学生们对于赢得STEM奖项感到惊讶。故选B。
3.What is Finnelle’s attitude to the future of the prototype desk
A.Hopeful. B.Doubtful.
C.Objective. D.Cautious.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“‘There is still room for improvement.Our team is working on the prototype, making adjustments so it works perfectly for Kenny.We’re really most looking forward to seeing him using it and all of our work into it,’ Finnelle said.”可推知,Finnelle对原型书桌的未来是充满希望的。故选A。
4.What is the main idea of this text
A.A competition is gaining popularity.
B.A team won an award with a special design.
C.A new invention will come onto the market.
D.A program fuels students’ passion for science.
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据第一段以及结合全文可知,本文主要报道了安妮阿伦德尔县的一些中学生为了帮助一位使用轮椅的同学而设计了一款原型书桌,并因此获得了一个重要奖项的故事。由此可知,这篇文章的主旨是一个团队凭借一个特殊的设计赢得了一个奖项。故选B。
B
(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)
In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life.More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well.
But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question: “Why is writing important ” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis(论点)statement.I was shocked.Then I realized that the problem was the question itself.They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important.This would have to change.
As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice.This time they found the exercise much more interesting.For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre(体裁)and that it contain a thesis.The results were staggering.The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication.However, my students demonstrated something more important to me.When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance—the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者的教学实践,通过调整命题方式发现兴趣对学生创作力的决定性影响,最终领悟到写作连接人心的核心价值。
5.Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1
A.Ninth graders. B.Students’ parents.
C.Modern writers. D.Fictional characters.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第一段中的“a cowboy...a modern-day Juliet”及“my students, who’d created these people”可知, 这些人物是学生创作的角色, 即虚构人物(fictional characters), 故选D。
6.Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay
A.They were not given enough time.
B.They had a very limited vocabulary.
C.They misunderstood the question.
D.They had little interest in the topic.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。由第二段中的“writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important”可知,学生认为写作本身不重要,即缺乏写作兴趣导致表现不佳,故选D。
7.What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Mixed.　　　　　　 B.Amazing.
C.Similar. D.Disturbing.
【解析】选B。词义猜测题。由第三段末句可知,学生提交的长篇故事质量极高且情感动人,故“staggering”在此处意为“惊人的(amazing)”, 故选B。
8.What does the author’s experience show
A.Teaching is learning.
B.Still waters run deep.
C.Knowledge is power.
D.Practice makes perfect.
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。由最后一段“I walked into class believing...demonstrated something more important to me.”及作者认知转变的过程可知,作者通过教学实践获得对写作本质的新认知, 体现“教学相长(teaching is learning)”, 故选A。
- 6 -核心素养测评 Unit 3　Sports and Fitness
(25分钟　25分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共4小题;每小题2.5分,满分10分)
(2026·镇江模拟)
Usain Bolt burned about 10 kcal of energy to win his gold during the 200 metre sprint final at the Olympic Games, which could roughly power an old 60W light bulb for 11 minutes.If you could make use of all the power generated by all the athletes during the Games, you would still be nowhere close to reaching the 29.5 billion Watts consumed overall by the athletes, spectators and organizers over the event.We take sport for granted, but do we ever consider its cost to the planet
From the water required to maintain the golf course during The Masters tournament to the hundreds of flights it takes to bring football fans to a World Cup, major sports events are not helping much in the fight against global heating.What’s more, there is a lack of recognition within sport of its responsibilities and little discussion about possible solutions.
This is strange, given that the effect works both ways: the climate crisis is not just affected by sports, but it is already having a negative impact on many sports.When ice-climber Will Gadd set out to conquer the world’s glaciers, he didn’t realize it would become a race against climate change.“I thought glaciers are there forever.” When he arrived at the summit, Gadd was shocked: “The ice...wasn’t there.The things I planned to climb were gone.”
Global heating is noticeable in other sports.Amy Steel played professional netball until she suffered from heatstroke after playing in 39℃ conditions and unfortunately, the damage was permanent.Not only that, but extreme weather events made more frequent as a result of global heating mean that sporting events are more often delayed or canceled.This has cost sport billions in potential earnings.
Yet sport can be a powerful motivator: it can unite whole nations behind its teams.Could sport have a role to play in driving climate awareness Will Gadd and Amy Steel are among many athletes who think so One thing is certain.Sport must put climate change at the top of its agenda and decarbonize at a Usain Bolt-like pace to make a difference.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了气候危机与体育运动的关系,即气候危机中的体育运动。
1.What is the main focus of the first paragraph
A.Why do sports events consume energy
B.How much power do athletes generate
C.What is the energy impact of sports events
D.How did Bolt contribute to the environment 2.Why does the writer use Will Gadd and Amy Steel as examples
A.They initiated eco-friendly sports practices.
B.They sustained permanent injuries in sports.
C.They fell victim to climate-related incidents.
D.They achieved record-breaking performances. 3.What effect of global heating on sports is mentioned in the text
A.Stricter facility restrictions.
B.Substantial financial losses.
C.Higher athlete training standards.
D.Prolonged outdoor sports seasons. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Sports in the Climate Crisis
B.Athletes against Global Heating
C.The Impact of Climate Change on Sport
D.The Environmental Cost of Outdoor Sports Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)
Evelyn Donohue is a 65-year-old grandma.She only started to 　5　 seven years ago after having a 　6　 call.She’d been struggling with eating disorders and health issues, which 　7　 led her to getting surgery.After that experience, she knew that she needed to make a 　8　.Determined to turn her life around, Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a 　9　 lifestyle, before discovering a 　10　 for weightlifting.
Since setting out on the journey, the 　11　 lover has not only managed to 　12　 an impressive set of muscles—but also a huge following on social media.
The well-liked grandma regularly posts workout content, explaining there’s no 　13　 others can’t look this good.She said it was all down to some key aspects.
“Hold on: Consider failure as a 　14　 to success and never give up.Stick to your plan, ” she said.“　15　 others: Lift others up on your journey.Success is sweeter when 　16　.”She previously explained that “you do not need to have an amazing body to exercise...the 　17　 is to feel good, not look good.”
Ms Donohue used to be laughed at for being too old to work out, but she has proved the 　18　 wrong in the best possible way and has indeed become an 　19　 for many social media users.
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。本文通过一个65岁老奶奶改变饮食习惯,开始健康生活和体育锻炼,并最终重获健康的故事告诉我们,健康不仅仅是外人眼中的事情,更是自己内心的感受。
5.A.write　　 B.travel C.exercise D.recover
6.A.goodwill B.timeout C.long-distance D.wake-up
7.A.normally B.ultimately C.suddenly D.automatically
8.A.change B.fortune C.wish D.deal
9.A.risky B.traditional C.comfortable D.healthy
10.A.demand B.secret C.passion D.cure
11.A.peace B.fitness C.fun D.nature
12.A.grow B.control C.activate D.relax
13.A.need B.choice C.reason D.difference
14.A.green light B.road block
C.passing mark D.stepping stone 15.A.Help B.Consult C.Follow D.Forgive
16.A.accepted B.shared C.expected D.celebrated
17.A.goal B.case C.duty D.cost
18.A.instructors B.admirers C.beginners D.doubters
19.A.authority B.excuse C.inspiration D.option
- 5 -核心素养测评 Unit 4　Natural Disasters
(40分钟　42.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共12小题;每小题2.5分,满分30分)
A
(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)
When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it.But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone.In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants.Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry.
“Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr.Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida.“People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating,” she says.“Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone(激素) in our body.
“Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth.“This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults.Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.”
If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it.“Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant.Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning.Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says.
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。本文从一个室内植物网店销售火爆说起,介绍绿植对人们情绪和思维影响的相关研究,倡导栽培室内植物的健康生活。
1.How was Detrinidad’s business when it started
A.It faced tough competition.
B.It suffered a great loss.
C.It got lots of financial support.
D.It went surprisingly well.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。由首段中的“She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone.”及“Her success is just one example of...”可知,其网店开业就订单激增(flooded),远超预期,即“发展异常顺利(went surprisingly well)”, 故选D。
2.What is one of Knuth’s findings about plants
A.They appeal more to students.
B.They purify the environment.
C.They raise the cortisol level.
D.They enhance productivity.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第三段 Knuth的研究结论“Students...perform better academically”及“30% decrease in sick leave...workplaces”可知, 植物能同时提升学生的学业表现和成人的工作效率, 即“增强生产力(enhance productivity)”, 故选D。
3.What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers
A.The necessity of social skills.
B.The meaning of sustainability.
C.The importance of repeated efforts.
D.The value of professional opinions.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。由末段 Detrinidad 类比“Doctors practice medicine...allow yourself the practice”可知,其强调医生、律师需反复实践技能,养植物同理需多次尝试,即解释“反复努力的重要性(importance of repeated efforts)”, 故选C。
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Time to Replace Houseplants
B.Plants Boost Your Mood
C.Tips on Choosing Houseplants
D.Plants Brighten Your Home
【解析】选B。标题归纳题。全文的核心是植物对情绪(mood)及健康的多重益处:第二段明确“change our mood”、第三段论证生产力提升、末段呼应心理健康, B项“植物提升情绪(Plants Boost Your Mood)”全面涵盖主旨,故选B。
B
Scientific discovery is one of the most complicated human activities for scientists must understand the existing knowledge, raise a research question and design and conduct an experiment in pursuit of an answer.Can this complex process be automated
Last week, Sakana AI Labs announced the creation of an “AI scientist”—an artificial intelligence system they claim can make scientific discoveries in a fully automated way.Using generative large language models(LLMs)like those behind ChatGPT and other AI chatbots, the system can brainstorm, select a promising idea, code new algorithms(算法), plot results, and write a paper summarizing the experiment and its findings.
Nowadays, a lot of science is done in the open, and almost all scientific knowledge has been written down somewhere.Millions of scientific papers are freely available online.LLMs trained with this data can easily capture the language of science and its patterns.It is therefore perhaps not at all surprising that a generative LLM can produce something that looks like a good scientific paper—it has absorbed many examples that it can copy.
What is less clear is whether an AI system can produce an interesting scientific paper.Crucially, good science requires novelty.Scientists don’t want to be told about things that are already known.Rather, they want to learn new things, especially new things that are significantly different from what is already known.
The Sakana system tries to address novelty in two ways.First, it “scores” new paper ideas for similarity to existing research.Anything too similar is cast away.Second, Sakana’s system introduces a “peer review” step—using another LLM to judge the quality and novelty of the generated paper.
Feedback is mixed on Sakana AI’s output.Some have described it as producing “endless scientific slop”.Even the system’s own review of its outputs judges the papers weak at best.This is likely to improve as the technology evolves, but the question of whether automated scientific papers are valuable remains.Is this the kind of scientific ecosystem we want
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 说明文
主题 语境 人与社会
语篇 内容 Sakana人工智能实验室宣布了一名“人工智能科学家”的诞生,该人工智能系统声称可以完全自动化地进行科学发现,文章介绍了其语言模型的工作形式,并对其科学生态系统提出疑问
语篇 结构 Para.1 The complexity of scientific discovery and the possibility of automation.
Para.2 Introduction of the AI scientist by Sakana AI Labs.
Para.3 The availability of scientific knowledge and the training of LLMs.
Para.4 The challenge of novelty in scientific discovery.
Para.5 Sakana system’s approach to ensuring novelty.
Para.6 Mixed feedback on the Sakana AI’s output and the value of automated scientific papers.
【命题意图】
5.What is the primary function of AI scientist in scientific researches 第二段是关于AI科学家的介绍。 这道题目旨在考查读者对AI科学家在科学研究中的主要功能的理解
6.How do LLMs work 第三段是关于科学知识的可用性和大型语言模型培训。 这道题目考查读者对大型语言模型(LLMs)工作方式的理解
7.How does the Sakana system attempt to ensure novelty 倒数第二段是关于Sakana系统试图通过两种方式解决创新问题。 这道题目旨在考查读者对Sakana系统如何尝试确保新颖性的理解
8.What may be the author’s attitude towards AI scientific ecosystem 最后一段是作者对于自动化的科学论文价值问题的态度。 这道题目考查读者对作者对AI科学生态系统态度的理解
5.What is the primary function of the AI scientist in scientific research
A.To help analyze scientific data.
B.To assist scientists in research.
C.To automate the entire discovery.
D.To review human-authored papers.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Last week, Sakana AI Labs announced the creation of an ‘AI scientist’—an artificial intelligence system they claim can make scientific discoveries in a fully automated way.(上周,Sakana人工智能实验室宣布了一名‘人工智能科学家’的诞生,该人工智能系统声称可以完全自动化地进行科学发现)”可知,人工智能科学家在科学研究中的主要功能是完全自动化地进行科学发现。故选C。
6.How do LLMs work
A.They grasp the scientific terms and frameworks.
B.They conduct scientific research independently.
C.They include most advanced scientific knowledge.
D.They create papers through direct input from experts.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章第三段“LLMs trained with this data...it can copy.(使用这些数据训练的LLMs可以很容易地捕捉科学的语言及其模式。因此,生成型LLM能够写出看起来像一篇优秀科学论文的东西,这一点也不奇怪——它已经吸收了许多可以复制的例子)”可知,LLMs能通过掌握科学术语和框架模式来工作。故选A。
7.How does the Sakana system attempt to ensure novelty
A.By adding human experts’ review.
B.By ruling out similar paper ideas.
C.By using unpublished research data.
D.By borrowing ideas from new papers.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“The Sakana system...novelty of the generated paper.(Sakana系统试图通过两种方式解决创新问题。首先,它对新论文的想法与现有研究的相似性进行‘评分’。太相似的东西都被抛弃了。其次,Sakana的系统引入了一个‘同行评议’步骤——使用另一个LLM来判断生成论文的质量和新颖性)”可知,Sakana系统试图通过排除类似的论文观点来确保新颖。故选B。
8.What may be the author’s attitude towards AI scientific ecosystem
A.Unclear.　　　 B.Supportive.
C.Skeptical. D.Indifferent.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Feedback is mixed...ecosystem we want (Sakana AI的输出反馈是混合的。一些人将其描述为产生‘无尽的科学垃圾’。即使是系统自己对其产出的审查,也会判断这些论文充其量是薄弱的。随着技术的发展,这种情况可能会有所改善,但自动化的科学论文是否有价值的问题仍然存在。这就是我们想要的科学生态系统吗)”可知,作者认为自动化的科学论文价值问题有待判断,因此,作者对于人工智能科学生态系统持有怀疑态度。故选C。
C
(2026·威海模拟)
The fires went on for three days continuously in the summer of 2021, burning over 13,000 hectares of western Sardinia(撒丁岛).Mr Poddi, a forestry expert, warns such fires are bound to become more common and intense in a warming world.So, the island is preparing.
As part of the preparations, Mr Poddi’s team has installed 20 fire-detection sensors in the Santu Lussurgiu forest.
These sensors, which hang from branches three to four metres off the ground, collect comprehensive information, including gases, temperature, humidity(湿气), and air pressure.These data are then analyzed by AI models.If anything unusual is spotted, emergency services are alerted.
Until now, fire detection on Sardinia has relied on human sight.But usually, the fire is noticed only once it has started to spread.The sensors work more like a sense of smell, identifying the chemicals in the air caused by hidden fires before flames and smoke are visible.This allows firefighters to step in before the blaze is too large to control and to have a clearer sense of where to tackle it.
The sensors are designed to be installed every few hundred metres in high-risk fire zones.This deployment(部署) can make sensors much cheaper than alternative wildfire suppression methods.Once installed, the sensors can last for up to 15 years and can be updated remotely.
Given the differences in environments, AI models must be tailored to regional characteristics.A system for Italy may not work in Canada.Mr Poddi says the ultimate test for Sardinia will be if the sensor networks can be deployed with equal effectiveness along the pine forests near the island’s beaches.These environments are very different from those in Santu Lussurgiu.
To truly enhance early fire detection, sensor networks will need to be installed on a large scale.Even so, their real impact will depend on how well they are integrated with other existing firefighting measures, from mapping and data-analysis tools to the ability to promptly deploy firefighters.Moreover, the risk of time-wasting false alarms from such sensitive systems is very real.Overcoming such challenges will bring significant rewards.All the various technologies can and should work together to build a strong solution.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了撒丁岛为应对日益频繁和猛烈的火灾所作的准备,重点介绍了新安装的火灾探测传感器及其工作原理、优势以及面临的挑战。
9.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A.The data collected by sensors.
B.The working principles of the sensors.
C.The role of AI models in fire detection.
D.The fire prevention measures on the island.
【解析】选B。段落大意题。根据第三段“These sensors, which hang from branches three to four metres off the ground, collect comprehensive information, including gases, temperature, humidity, and air pressure.These data are then analyzed by AI models.If anything unusual is spotted, emergency services are alerted.(这些传感器挂在离地面三四米高的树枝上,收集包括气体、温度、湿度和气压在内的全面信息。然后,人工智能模型对这些数据进行分析。如果发现任何异常情况,就会向紧急服务部门发出警报)”可知,第三段主要讲述了传感器如何收集信息、数据如何被分析以及异常情况如何被检测和报警,即传感器的工作原理。故选B。
10.What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A.Detecting hidden fires.
B.Relying on human sight.
C.Spreading chemicals in the air.
D.Spotting flames and smoke.
【解析】选A。词句猜测题。根据第四段“The sensors work more like a sense of smell, identifying the chemicals in the air caused by hidden fires before flames and smoke are visible.This allows firefighters to step in before the blaze is too large to control and to have a clearer sense of where to tackle it.(传感器的工作原理更像“嗅觉”,能在火焰和烟雾可见之前,识别隐藏火灾在空气中释放的化学物质。这使得消防员可以在火势大到无法控制之前介入,并更清楚地知道在哪里解决问题)”可知,“This” 指代前文中传感器“识别隐藏火灾释放的化学物质”这一行为,即“探测隐藏火灾”。故选A。
11.Why are the pine forests mentioned in Paragraph 6
A.To compare coastal and inland fire risks.
B.To show the flexibility of the sensor networks.
C.To highlight the widespread use of the sensors.
D.To prove the need for region-specific solutions.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第六段“Given the differences in environments, AI models must be tailored to regional characteristics.A system for Italy may not work in Canada.Mr Poddi says the ultimate test for Sardinia will be if the sensor networks can be deployed with equal effectiveness along the pine forests near the island’s beaches.These environments are very different from those in Santu Lussurgiu.(考虑到环境的差异,人工智能模型必须根据地区特点进行调整。适用于意大利的系统在加拿大可能行不通。波迪先生说,撒丁岛的最终考验将是传感器网络能否在岛屿海滩附近的松树林中同样有效地部署。这些环境与圣卢苏尔朱的环境大不相同)”可推知,提到松树林是为了说明不同地区的环境差异很大,因此需要针对特定地区定制解决方案。故选D。
12.How does the author view the future sensors
A.They can make great profits.
B.Their sensitivity needs to get improved.
C.They must work with existing measures.
D.They will replace conventional methods.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段“Even so, their real impact will depend on how well they are integrated with other existing firefighting measures, from mapping and data-analysis tools to the ability to promptly deploy firefighters.(即便如此,它们的实际影响将取决于它们与其他现有消防措施的整合程度,从绘图和数据分析工具到迅速部署消防员的能力)”可推知,作者认为传感器的未来取决于它们如何与其他现有的消防措施整合,即它们必须与现有措施配合使用。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
Floods can come from multiple sources.It can be a hurricane, failed dam, or overflowing river.The disasters can move quickly.　13　 It’s important to know how to keep your family and belongings safe during such an event.Full preparation can put you at ease for its coming.
A flood is simply an event where water overflows a natural area and covers normally dry places.In general, there are two types.　14　 The soil in these areas can’t absorb a lot of moisture.The water then rapidly runs off the surface resulting in a torrent(激流) of rapidly moving water.River flooding is when a river overflows its banks due to excessive(过分的) water and the situation can get worse if barriers such as a dam or levee(防洪堤) break as well.
A flood can be caused by many things.　15　 Living next to a river, dam, on the coast, or in a low-lying area puts you at risk for flooding.
There is no specific flood season.　16　 Any time there is a large amount of rain in a short period, flooding can occur.Man-made and natural disasters can also cause flooding outside of those months.For example, the collapse of a dam can cause a flood.A natural disaster, such as a tsunami, can also cause flooding on a massive scale.
　17　 Using existing maps and examining low-lying areas can determine high risk areas for flooding.Moreover, flood warnings are sent out to areas that could experience flooding when there is a large amount of rainfall over a short time.
A.The rising river threatens people’s lives.
B.Floods can be preventable and predictable.
C.Flash floods are more common in dry areas.
D.And sometimes they come with little warning.
E.The weather forecast accurately predicts all disasters.
F.They include severe weather, geography, and other man-made factors.
G.Generally, the period from spring to fall is considered a heightened risk for floods.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了洪水这种自然灾害,包括其特点、含义、类型、起因、汛期和预测预防手段。
13.【解析】选D。前文“Floods can come from multiple sources.It can be a hurricane, failed dam, or overflowing river.The disasters can move quickly.(洪水可能有多种来源。它可能是飓风、大坝倒塌或河水泛滥。灾难发生的速度很快)”提到造成洪水的原因有多种,且洪水速度很快,后文“It’s important to know how to keep your family and belongings safe during such an event.Full preparation can put you at ease for its coming.(在这种情况下,知道如何保护家人和财产的安全是很重要的。充分的准备可以使你在它到来时感到安心)”提到保护家人和财产的安全的重要性,建议做好充分的准备。D项“And sometimes they come with little warning.(有时,它们来得毫无征兆)”符合语境,指出洪水可能很突然地发生,承接前文,佐证后文做充分准备的必要性。故选D。
14.【解析】选C。前文“A flood is simply an event...two types.(洪水仅仅是水溢出自然区域并覆盖通常干燥的地方的事件。一般来说,有两种类型)”提到洪水的定义,以及包含两种类型,后文“The soil in these areas...moving water.(这些地区的土壤不能吸收很多水分。然后水迅速从地表流出,形成快速流动的激流)”具体描述第一种类型的洪水,因此C项“Flash floods are more common in dry areas.(山洪暴发在干旱地区更为常见)”符合语境,介绍第一种类型的洪水,承接前文,引出后文具体的描述,其中的dry areas和后文的can’t absorb a lot of moisture呼应。故选C。
15.【解析】选F。前文“A flood can be caused by many things.(造成洪水的原因有很多)”提到洪水的起因很多,因此F项“They include severe weather, geography, and other man-made factors.(它们包括恶劣的天气、地理和其他人为因素)”符合语境,具体介绍这些因素,承接前文,其中的They指代前文的many things。故选F。
16.【解析】选G。前文“There is no specific flood season.(没有特定的汛期)”提到洪水的特定时间的话题,因此G项“Generally, the period from spring to fall is considered a heightened risk for floods.(一般来说,从春天到秋天这段时间被认为是洪水的高风险时期)”符合语境,指出宽泛的洪水的高风险时期,承接前文。故选G。
17.【解析】选B。空处位于段首,是段落主旨句,需统领段落内容。后文“Using existing maps...over a short time.(利用现有的地图和检查低洼地区可以确定洪水的高风险地区。此外,当短时间内有大量降雨时,洪水警报会发送到可能发生洪水的地区)”主要介绍如何预测和预防洪水,因此B项“Floods can be preventable and predictable.(洪水是可以预防和预测的)”符合语境,契合后文内容。故选B。
- 14 -核心素养测评 Welcome Unit
(15分钟　20分)
阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分20分)
A
(2026·成都模拟)
Some middle school students in Anne Arundel County are trying to solve a problem for one of their peers who uses a wheelchair.By doing so, they won a major award for their school, and it has qualified them for a nationwide competition.
Southern Middle School students and their science teacher, Jenna Borman, are working on a prototype(原型) desk that they hope to attach to the wheelchair of their classmate, Kenneth, who has a special disease and uses a laptop as his primary means of communication.
“At present, the laptop is in a pretty heavy case and has a strap(带子) that goes around his neck and a handle on the back of it for him to hold.When he’s seated, it kind of just lays in his lap.It’s not very easy for him to use,” Borman said.“Kenneth always has to hold his laptop, and so this project is going to help him just set it there so his hands are free, ” said Julia Baker to the social media, a student of this school.
What started off as an engineering after-school program has turned into an award-winning idea.The students recently won a statewide Science Technology Engineering Math(STEM) competition called “Solve for Tomorrow”, which came with $12,000 worth of technology for the school.
“We thought it was just an idea for Kenny, and then we won.So, it was like, wow,”said Avery Willet excitedly.
“This whole project is really teaching us about how to work together and how we can help other people and not just us, ” added Everleigh Finnelle.
“I learned how to work with others and a lot about teamwork so that we could make this project the best it could be, ” said Haley Brown.
“There is still room for improvement.Our team is working on the prototype, making adjustments so it works perfectly for Kenny.We’re really most looking forward to seeing him using it and all of our work into it, ” Finnelle said.
The final design is not due for the national competition until next month.
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了安妮阿伦德尔县的一些中学生为了帮助一位使用轮椅的同学而设计了一款原型书桌,并因此获得了一个重要奖项的故事。
1.Why did the students come up with the idea of the prototype desk
A.To test what they’ve learnt in school.
B.To join a national technology contest.
C.To satisfy a classmate’s special need.
D.To complete a group engineering project. 2.How did the students find their winning of the STEM award
A.Satisfying.　　　 B.Surprising.
C.Comforting. D.Convincing. 3.What is Finnelle’s attitude to the future of the prototype desk
A.Hopeful. B.Doubtful.
C.Objective. D.Cautious. 4.What is the main idea of this text
A.A competition is gaining popularity.
B.A team won an award with a special design.
C.A new invention will come onto the market.
D.A program fuels students’ passion for science. B
(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)
In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life.More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well.
But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question: “Why is writing important ” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis(论点)statement.I was shocked.Then I realized that the problem was the question itself.They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important.This would have to change.
As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice.This time they found the exercise much more interesting.For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre(体裁)and that it contain a thesis.The results were staggering.The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication.However, my students demonstrated something more important to me.When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance—the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者的教学实践,通过调整命题方式发现兴趣对学生创作力的决定性影响,最终领悟到写作连接人心的核心价值。
5.Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1
A.Ninth graders. B.Students’ parents.
C.Modern writers. D.Fictional characters.
6.Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay
A.They were not given enough time.
B.They had a very limited vocabulary.
C.They misunderstood the question.
D.They had little interest in the topic. 7.What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Mixed.　　　　　　 B.Amazing.
C.Similar. D.Disturbing.
8.What does the author’s experience show
A.Teaching is learning.
B.Still waters run deep.
C.Knowledge is power.
D.Practice makes perfect.
- 6 -核心素养测评 Unit 2　Travelling Around
(30分钟　30分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共7小题;每小题2.5分,满分17.5分)
A
(2025·八省联考)
East Yorkshire Attractions
Burnby Hall Gardens & Museum
The Balk, Pocklington YO42 2QF
Tel:01759 307125
The gardens are beautifully laid out with two lakes, which are home to a vast collection of fish.We also have Stewart Museum, a children’s playground, a book & gift shop, and tearooms.Sunday band concerts and events are available throughout the year.
Open:10:00 am to 5:30 pm
Prices:Adults ￡4.65, Seniors ￡3.95, Children ￡2.50
Goole Museum
Carlisle Street, Goole DN14 5DS
Tel:01405 768963
The museum explores the colourful history of the town and port of Goole, with plenty of hands-on exhibits for younger visitors.The temporary exhibition gallery has a wide range of art, craft(工艺) and local history exhibitions which changes every month.
Open:10:00 am to 5:00 pm
Admission Free
Sledmere House
Sledmere, Driffield YO25 3XG
Tel:01377 236637
Sledmere House is one of Yorkshire’s most attractive houses.We have an award-winning garden, a military museum, a children’s play area, and a café & gift shop.Organ music is played on Thursday afternoons.
Open:11:30 am to 3:30 pm
Prices:Adults ￡8.00, Seniors ￡6.00, Children ￡3.00
Bridlington Bird & Animal Park
Bridlington, East Yorkshire YO15 3QF
Tel:01262 673653
The family-run park is set in a wonderful woodland environment.It offers daily shows of pig racing.We also have a range of birds and other animals to offer a fun-filled day out for families.
Open:10:00 am to 5:00 pm
Prices:Adults ￡4.50, Seniors ￡4.00, Children ￡3.50
【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了东约克郡的四个景点,主要包括其地理位置、联系方式、景点活动、开放时间及票价等信息。
1.Which attraction hosts temporary exhibitions
A.Goole Museum.
B.Burnby Hall Gardens & Museum.
C.Sledmere House.
D.Bridlington Bird & Animal Park.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。由Goole Museum部分中的“The temporary exhibition gallery has a wide range of art, craft and local history exhibitions which changes every month.”可知,Goole Museum设有临时展览,展出范围包括艺术、工艺和当地历史等内容,并且每月更换一次。故选A项。
2.What can tourists do at Sledmere House
A.Feed a wide range of animals.
B.Watch a band concert on Sunday.
C.Explore the history of the town.
D.Enjoy organ music on Thursday.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据Sledmere House部分中的“Organ music is played on Thursday afternoons.”可知,在Sledmere House游客们可以在周四欣赏管风琴音乐。故选D项。
3.What is the ticket price for children at Bridlington Bird & Animal Park
A.￡2.50.　　 B.￡3.00.
C.￡3.50. D.￡4.00.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。由Bridlington Bird & Animal Park部分中的“Prices: Adults ￡4.50, Seniors ￡4.00, Children ￡3.50”可知,该景点儿童的票价为3.50英镑。故选C项。
B
(2026·咸阳模拟)
My name is Vienna Cammarota.I’m a hiker from Italy.I have been a fan of Italian traveler Marco Polo since childhood, which later led me to become a tour guide.Years of hiking have helped me maintain good health.Even at 75, I still have no need for reading glasses.
About 20 years ago, my interest in China was fueled by a student from Beijing who stayed in my home.The connections we made and the friendships we developed raised my curiosity about China.Following that, I found myself drawn to The Travels of Marco Polo, reading it over and over again to understand China through its vivid descriptions.The description of the ancient Silk Road in the book particularly fascinated me.
In 2018, the idea of retracing the ancient Silk Road came to me, which inspired me to map out a journey covering 22,000 kilometers from Venice to Beijing, passing through 15 countries in three to four years.At first, my children thought it was unrealistic.However, as they observed my detailed planning, they gave me their full support.
My journey began on April 26, 2022.For more than two years, I overcame practical challenges and psychological pressures, walked through mountains and waters, and crossed cities and villages in different countries.Along the way, I have gained insights into the history, culture, and customs of each country I visited.As I explored the remains of the ancient Silk Road, I was struck by the vast changes our world has experienced.
As I journeyed along this historical route, I witnessed that the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI), carrying forward the legacy(遗产) of the ancient Silk Road, has benefited more and more people across different countries.
Today, walking on the same “golden ancient route” with Marco Polo’s book in hand, I felt a deep sense of pride.Looking back on my journey, I want to tell friends of my age: Be brave in pursuing your dreams—nothing is impossible!
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Vienna Cammarota,一位意大利徒步旅行者,如何因对中国文化的兴趣而踏上重走丝绸之路的旅程,并从中获得的感悟和对同龄人的鼓励。
4.What initially inspired Vienna’s interest in China
A.A book she read in childhood.
B.A tour guide she met in Venice.
C.A documentary about the Silk Road.
D.A Chinese student who bonded with her.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中“About 20 years ago, my interest in China was fueled by a student from Beijing who stayed in my home.The connections we made and the friendships we developed raised my curiosity about China.”可知,是一个和她关系亲密的中国学生激发了Vienna对中国的兴趣。故选D。
5.What was Vienna’s children’s first reaction to her travel plan
A.They doubted its possibility.
B.They insisted on joining her.
C.They advised her to put it off.
D.They were proud of her ambition.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中“In 2018, the idea of retracing the ancient Silk Road came to me, which inspired me to map out a journey covering 22,000 kilometers from Venice to Beijing, passing through 15 countries in three to four years.At first, my children thought it was unrealistic.”可知,她的孩子们对她的旅行计划的第一反应是怀疑它的可能性。故选A。
6.What can be inferred about Vienna’s journey
A.It was a tough hike through familiar landscapes.
B.It was a long trip resulting from cultural exchanges.
C.It was a long journey witnessing the BRI’s impact.
D.It was a long adventure with the government’s support.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第五段“As I journeyed along this historical route, I witnessed that the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI), carrying forward the legacy of the ancient Silk Road, has benefited more and more people across different countries.”可推知,Vienna的旅行是一次见证了“一带一路”倡议影响的长途旅行。故选C。
7.What message does the author want to convey to readers
A.Technology aids history.
B.Determination wins.
C.Aging inspires dreams.
D.Health is travel’s key.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Looking back on my journey, I want to tell friends of my age: Be brave in pursuing your dreams—nothing is impossible!” 可知,Vienna回顾自己的旅程,鼓励和她一样年纪的人勇敢追梦,强调只要有决心,没有什么是不可能的,也就是说,决心就是胜利。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
Tired of having the same old travel experiences that leave you feeling unfulfilled(未满足的) and disconnected Mindful travel is offering a new way to explore the world that is meaningful and sustainable.
Mindful travel is a concept that encourages individuals to fully dive into the present moment while they are exploring new destinations.Individuals are aware of their surroundings, engaging all the senses, and enjoying the beauty of each experience.　8　
Mindful travel is not just about the destination but also the journey.The goal is to create a positive impact on both individuals and the world around them.　9　 It is an opportunity for people to positively contribute to the world.
Mindful travel provides an opportunity to disconnect from the stresses of everyday life.　10　 Whether it’s wandering through a busy market, hiking in nature, or simply sitting by the ocean, it allows us to let go of our worries and fully enjoy the beauty of our surroundings.
　11　 By stepping out of our comfort zones and experiencing new cultures, we gain a fresh viewpoint on life.We become more open-minded, adaptable, and caring.Through interactions with locals and fellow travelers, we learn about different ways of life and develop a greater understanding of the world.
Mindful travel also has a positive impact on the destinations we visit.Mindful travelers are aware of their impact on the environment.　12　 By choosing eco-friendly accommodations, supporting local businesses, and respecting cultural traditions, we can ensure that our travels leave a green footprint.
A.They can deeply appreciate the surroundings through it.
B.Mindful travel promotes self-reflection and personal growth.
C.When traveling, we often leave behind our routines and duties.
D.Mindful travel positively impacts our mental and physical well-being.
E.The demands of daily responsibilities often leave little time for self-care.
F.They try to reduce waste, conserve resources, and support sustainable initiatives.
G.It’s about being mindful of one’s actions and how they affect others and the environment.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了用心旅行的概念以及相关好处。
8.【解析】选A。根据上文可知,参与者可以通过用心旅行去享受每次旅行的魅力。空处承接上文,说明用心旅行的好处。A选项中it指代上文Mindful travel,They指代individuals。故A选项“他们可以通过它深入地欣赏周围的环境的。”符合语境。故选A。
9.【解析】选G。根据上文可知,用心旅行不仅关乎目的地,也关乎旅程。目标是对个人和他们周围的世界产生积极的影响。空处承接上文,继续对用心旅行产生的影响进行说明。G选项“这是关于注意自己的行为以及它们如何影响他人和环境。”符合语境。故选G。
10.【解析】选C。根据上文可知,用心旅行提供了一个脱离日常生活压力的机会。又根据后文可知,无论是在繁忙的市场漫步,在大自然中远足,还是只是坐在海边,它都能让我们放下烦恼,充分享受周围的美景。因此,用心旅行让我们可以脱离日常生活的压力,即把日常的责任和职责暂时忘记。故C选项“旅行时,我们常常把常规和职责抛在脑后。”符合上下文语境。故选C。
11.【解析】选B。根据本段内容可知,本段的主旨是用心旅行让我们变得更加开放,适应能力更强,更有爱心,即促进了个人的成长和思考。B选项“用心旅行促进自我反思和个人成长。”可以有效引出下文。故选B。
12.【解析】选F。根据上文可知,用心旅行也会对目的地产生积极影响。又根据后文可知,通过选择环保的住宿,支持当地企业,尊重文化传统,我们可以确保我们的旅行留下绿色足迹。空处应具体说明用心旅行者是如何致力于保护环境的。F选项“他们努力减少浪费,节约资源,支持可持续发展的倡议。”承上启下。故选F。
- 9 -核心素养测评 Unit 4　Natural Disasters
(40分钟　42.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共12小题;每小题2.5分,满分30分)
A
(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)
When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it.But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone.In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants.Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry.
“Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr.Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida.“People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating,” she says.“Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone(激素) in our body.
“Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth.“This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults.Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.”
If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it.“Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant.Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning.Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says.
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。本文从一个室内植物网店销售火爆说起,介绍绿植对人们情绪和思维影响的相关研究,倡导栽培室内植物的健康生活。
1.How was Detrinidad’s business when it started
A.It faced tough competition.
B.It suffered a great loss.
C.It got lots of financial support.
D.It went surprisingly well. 2.What is one of Knuth’s findings about plants
A.They appeal more to students.
B.They purify the environment.
C.They raise the cortisol level.
D.They enhance productivity. 3.What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers
A.The necessity of social skills.
B.The meaning of sustainability.
C.The importance of repeated efforts.
D.The value of professional opinions. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Time to Replace Houseplants
B.Plants Boost Your Mood
C.Tips on Choosing Houseplants
D.Plants Brighten Your Home B
Scientific discovery is one of the most complicated human activities for scientists must understand the existing knowledge, raise a research question and design and conduct an experiment in pursuit of an answer.Can this complex process be automated
Last week, Sakana AI Labs announced the creation of an “AI scientist”—an artificial intelligence system they claim can make scientific discoveries in a fully automated way.Using generative large language models(LLMs)like those behind ChatGPT and other AI chatbots, the system can brainstorm, select a promising idea, code new algorithms(算法), plot results, and write a paper summarizing the experiment and its findings.
Nowadays, a lot of science is done in the open, and almost all scientific knowledge has been written down somewhere.Millions of scientific papers are freely available online.LLMs trained with this data can easily capture the language of science and its patterns.It is therefore perhaps not at all surprising that a generative LLM can produce something that looks like a good scientific paper—it has absorbed many examples that it can copy.
What is less clear is whether an AI system can produce an interesting scientific paper.Crucially, good science requires novelty.Scientists don’t want to be told about things that are already known.Rather, they want to learn new things, especially new things that are significantly different from what is already known.
The Sakana system tries to address novelty in two ways.First, it “scores” new paper ideas for similarity to existing research.Anything too similar is cast away.Second, Sakana’s system introduces a “peer review” step—using another LLM to judge the quality and novelty of the generated paper.
Feedback is mixed on Sakana AI’s output.Some have described it as producing “endless scientific slop”.Even the system’s own review of its outputs judges the papers weak at best.This is likely to improve as the technology evolves, but the question of whether automated scientific papers are valuable remains.Is this the kind of scientific ecosystem we want
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 说明文
主题 语境 人与社会
语篇 内容 Sakana人工智能实验室宣布了一名“人工智能科学家”的诞生,该人工智能系统声称可以完全自动化地进行科学发现,文章介绍了其语言模型的工作形式,并对其科学生态系统提出疑问
语篇 结构 Para.1 The complexity of scientific discovery and the possibility of automation.
Para.2 Introduction of the AI scientist by Sakana AI Labs.
Para.3 The availability of scientific knowledge and the training of LLMs.
Para.4 The challenge of novelty in scientific discovery.
Para.5 Sakana system’s approach to ensuring novelty.
Para.6 Mixed feedback on the Sakana AI’s output and the value of automated scientific papers.
【命题意图】
5.What is the primary function of AI scientist in scientific researches 第二段是关于AI科学家的介绍。 这道题目旨在考查读者对AI科学家在科学研究中的主要功能的理解
6.How do LLMs work 第三段是关于科学知识的可用性和大型语言模型培训。 这道题目考查读者对大型语言模型(LLMs)工作方式的理解
7.How does the Sakana system attempt to ensure novelty 倒数第二段是关于Sakana系统试图通过两种方式解决创新问题。 这道题目旨在考查读者对Sakana系统如何尝试确保新颖性的理解
8.What may be the author’s attitude towards AI scientific ecosystem 最后一段是作者对于自动化的科学论文价值问题的态度。 这道题目考查读者对作者对AI科学生态系统态度的理解
5.What is the primary function of the AI scientist in scientific research
A.To help analyze scientific data.
B.To assist scientists in research.
C.To automate the entire discovery.
D.To review human-authored papers. 6.How do LLMs work
A.They grasp the scientific terms and frameworks.
B.They conduct scientific research independently.
C.They include most advanced scientific knowledge.
D.They create papers through direct input from experts. 7.How does the Sakana system attempt to ensure novelty
A.By adding human experts’ review.
B.By ruling out similar paper ideas.
C.By using unpublished research data.
D.By borrowing ideas from new papers. 8.What may be the author’s attitude towards AI scientific ecosystem
A.Unclear.　　　 B.Supportive.
C.Skeptical. D.Indifferent. C
(2026·威海模拟)
The fires went on for three days continuously in the summer of 2021, burning over 13,000 hectares of western Sardinia(撒丁岛).Mr Poddi, a forestry expert, warns such fires are bound to become more common and intense in a warming world.So, the island is preparing.
As part of the preparations, Mr Poddi’s team has installed 20 fire-detection sensors in the Santu Lussurgiu forest.
These sensors, which hang from branches three to four metres off the ground, collect comprehensive information, including gases, temperature, humidity(湿气), and air pressure.These data are then analyzed by AI models.If anything unusual is spotted, emergency services are alerted.
Until now, fire detection on Sardinia has relied on human sight.But usually, the fire is noticed only once it has started to spread.The sensors work more like a sense of smell, identifying the chemicals in the air caused by hidden fires before flames and smoke are visible.This allows firefighters to step in before the blaze is too large to control and to have a clearer sense of where to tackle it.
The sensors are designed to be installed every few hundred metres in high-risk fire zones.This deployment(部署) can make sensors much cheaper than alternative wildfire suppression methods.Once installed, the sensors can last for up to 15 years and can be updated remotely.
Given the differences in environments, AI models must be tailored to regional characteristics.A system for Italy may not work in Canada.Mr Poddi says the ultimate test for Sardinia will be if the sensor networks can be deployed with equal effectiveness along the pine forests near the island’s beaches.These environments are very different from those in Santu Lussurgiu.
To truly enhance early fire detection, sensor networks will need to be installed on a large scale.Even so, their real impact will depend on how well they are integrated with other existing firefighting measures, from mapping and data-analysis tools to the ability to promptly deploy firefighters.Moreover, the risk of time-wasting false alarms from such sensitive systems is very real.Overcoming such challenges will bring significant rewards.All the various technologies can and should work together to build a strong solution.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了撒丁岛为应对日益频繁和猛烈的火灾所作的准备,重点介绍了新安装的火灾探测传感器及其工作原理、优势以及面临的挑战。
9.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A.The data collected by sensors.
B.The working principles of the sensors.
C.The role of AI models in fire detection.
D.The fire prevention measures on the island. 10.What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A.Detecting hidden fires.
B.Relying on human sight.
C.Spreading chemicals in the air.
D.Spotting flames and smoke. 11.Why are the pine forests mentioned in Paragraph 6
A.To compare coastal and inland fire risks.
B.To show the flexibility of the sensor networks.
C.To highlight the widespread use of the sensors.
D.To prove the need for region-specific solutions. 12.How does the author view the future sensors
A.They can make great profits.
B.Their sensitivity needs to get improved.
C.They must work with existing measures.
D.They will replace conventional methods. Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
Floods can come from multiple sources.It can be a hurricane, failed dam, or overflowing river.The disasters can move quickly.　13　 It’s important to know how to keep your family and belongings safe during such an event.Full preparation can put you at ease for its coming.
A flood is simply an event where water overflows a natural area and covers normally dry places.In general, there are two types.　14　 The soil in these areas can’t absorb a lot of moisture.The water then rapidly runs off the surface resulting in a torrent(激流) of rapidly moving water.River flooding is when a river overflows its banks due to excessive(过分的) water and the situation can get worse if barriers such as a dam or levee(防洪堤) break as well.
A flood can be caused by many things.　15　 Living next to a river, dam, on the coast, or in a low-lying area puts you at risk for flooding.
There is no specific flood season.　16　 Any time there is a large amount of rain in a short period, flooding can occur.Man-made and natural disasters can also cause flooding outside of those months.For example, the collapse of a dam can cause a flood.A natural disaster, such as a tsunami, can also cause flooding on a massive scale.
　17　 Using existing maps and examining low-lying areas can determine high risk areas for flooding.Moreover, flood warnings are sent out to areas that could experience flooding when there is a large amount of rainfall over a short time.
A.The rising river threatens people’s lives.
B.Floods can be preventable and predictable.
C.Flash floods are more common in dry areas.
D.And sometimes they come with little warning.
E.The weather forecast accurately predicts all disasters.
F.They include severe weather, geography, and other man-made factors.
G.Generally, the period from spring to fall is considered a heightened risk for floods.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了洪水这种自然灾害,包括其特点、含义、类型、起因、汛期和预测预防手段。
- 14 -核心素养测评 Unit 1　Teenage Life
(30分钟　35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分20分)
A
(2026·扬州模拟)
Anyone who has taken a standardized test knows that writing an essay in 20 minutes or less takes serious brain power.Having access to artificial intelligence(AI) would certainly lighten the mental load.But as a recent study by researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) suggests, that help may come at a cost.
Over the course of a series of essay-writing sessions, students working with as well as without an AI chatbot had their brain activity measured.Across the board, the AI users exhibited markedly lower brain activity in areas associated with creative functions and attention.
Whether AI will leave people’s brains weak in the long term remains an open question.Researchers behind this study have stressed that further work is needed to establish a definitive causal link between increased AI use and weakened brains.After all, the study had a tiny sample size and focused on a single narrow task.
Moreover, generative AI tools clearly seek to lighten people’s mental loads, as many other technologies do.Concerns about this kind of offloading aren’t new.As long ago as the 5th century BC, Socrates was quoted as complaining that writing is not “a potion(神药) for remembering, but for reminding”.Calculators spare cashiers from computing a bill.Navigation apps remove the need for map-reading.And yet few would argue that people are less capable as a result.
There is little evidence to suggest that letting machines handle users’ mental tasks changes the brain’s capacity for thinking.But the worry is that generative AI allows one to offload a thought process.And once the brain has developed a taste for offloading, it can be a hard habit to kick.As one user put it, “I rely so much on AI that I don’t think I’d know how to solve certain problems without it.”
The technology is so young that, for many tasks, the human brain is still the sharpest tool in the toolkit.But in time both the consumers of AI and its regulators will have to assess whether its wider benefits outweigh any cognitive(认知) costs.If stronger evidence emerges that AI makes people less intelligent, will they care
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。MIT研究表明,使用AI写作文的学生在创造力和注意力相关脑区活动显著降低,但长期影响未知。虽无证据显示AI 改变大脑思考能力,但需权衡其利弊。
1.What did the MIT study find
A.AI users showed less mental engagement.
B.AI left people’s brains weak.
C.AI lightened the mental load of writing.
D.AI users associated creativity with attention. 2.According to Socrates, what negative consequence could writing have
A.People would avoid using reminders.
B.People would stop thinking independently.
C.People would rely less on their own memory.
D.People would care less about the spoken word. 3.What point does the user’s remark in Paragraph 5 illustrate
A.AI can change users’ mental capacity.
B.AI is not widely available to the public.
C.AI can encourage users’ mental laziness.
D.AI is not capable of solving every problem. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Will AI Make You Stupid
B.How AI Lets You Offload Tasks
C.Why AI Affects Your Thinking Abilities
D.Is AI a Mental Shortcut You Can Easily Quit B
(2025·八省联考)
Want to learn a new language or get A’s in college exams Previous studies have shown that exercise can help stimulate the areas of the brain that convert(转换) new information into long-term memory.A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning.
Building upon past research that found exercise releases biochemicals that improve mental function, scientists at Radboud University and the University of Edinburgh conducted a study to determine when exercise was most beneficial to learning.
Participants—72 healthy male and female adults—were first asked to perform a computer test that challenged their visual and spatial learning.After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries, but two-thirds of them also exercised.Half of the exercisers did circuit training on an exercise bike for 35 minutes immediately after the test.The other half did the same exercise but not until four hours after they had been tested.
Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test, and they were connected to MRI(磁共振成像) machines to assess their brain activity.The participants who exercised four hours after taking the computer test were able to recall what they had learned most accurately.Their brainwaves also showed more consistent levels of activity, indicating that their brains were less taxed to remember what they had learned.
According to this research, the best time to exercise to improve learning is four hours after studying.But why That’s one question the researchers have yet to answer.Another question left unanswered is the level of exercise that might best improve learning.I’ve run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout.But the researchers noted that light workouts might not give the brain enough of a biochemical boost to improve learning.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究——锻炼可以帮助刺激大脑将新信息转化为长期记忆的区域,以及锻炼可以最大程度提高学习的最佳时间。
5.What did the new study aim to explore
A.When exercise is best for learning.
B.What biochemicals are good for health.
C.How brainwaves should be measured.
D.Which area of the brain is the most active. 6.What were all the participants asked to do during the experiment
A.Train on bicycles.
B.Do mathematics exercises.
C.Play computer games.
D.Watch films about nature. 7.Why did the participants return to the lab two days later
A.To do a medical examination.
B.To have their memory tested.
C.To get their workouts recorded.
D.To finish their previous tasks. 8.What might the author’s marathon running prove
A.The findings of the study are reliable.
B.Long-distance runners are often smart.
C.Studies on the marathon are not enough.
D.Hard exercise may not sharpen the brain. Ⅱ.语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It’s part of life to have challenging experiences that get you down.At times like this, you might try to change your mindset, 9._______(remind) yourself that it won’t last forever or to focus on the bright side.Changing how you think about 10._______(emotion) events in this way can change how you feel about them.11._______ sometimes this is easier said than done.
Imagine you lost a dream opportunity and you may wonder whether you’ll ever get another chance like that again.It can be difficult to break out of your mindset when you are having negative experiences.12._______(fortunate), getting a good friend’s perspective(见解) can help.
Here 13._______(come) the question: Is getting a friend’s perspective when rethinking a negative event more powerful than rethinking it 14._______ your own According to some research 15._______(conduct) lately, we can choose the former.How you think and feel can 16._______(shape) by getting a friend’s perspective, both in the moment and over time.The next time you can’t get rid of your negative thought 17._______(pattern), remember that humans are fundamentally social creatures.It’s okay to turn to the people around you and your friends, from 18._______ you can get new perspectives and some help.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍碰到有挑战性的经历时应该如何面对。
- 9 -核心素养测评 Unit 2　Travelling Around
(30分钟　30分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共7小题;每小题2.5分,满分17.5分)
A
(2025·八省联考)
East Yorkshire Attractions
Burnby Hall Gardens & Museum
The Balk, Pocklington YO42 2QF
Tel:01759 307125
The gardens are beautifully laid out with two lakes, which are home to a vast collection of fish.We also have Stewart Museum, a children’s playground, a book & gift shop, and tearooms.Sunday band concerts and events are available throughout the year.
Open:10:00 am to 5:30 pm
Prices:Adults ￡4.65, Seniors ￡3.95, Children ￡2.50
Goole Museum
Carlisle Street, Goole DN14 5DS
Tel:01405 768963
The museum explores the colourful history of the town and port of Goole, with plenty of hands-on exhibits for younger visitors.The temporary exhibition gallery has a wide range of art, craft(工艺) and local history exhibitions which changes every month.
Open:10:00 am to 5:00 pm
Admission Free
Sledmere House
Sledmere, Driffield YO25 3XG
Tel:01377 236637
Sledmere House is one of Yorkshire’s most attractive houses.We have an award-winning garden, a military museum, a children’s play area, and a café & gift shop.Organ music is played on Thursday afternoons.
Open:11:30 am to 3:30 pm
Prices:Adults ￡8.00, Seniors ￡6.00, Children ￡3.00
Bridlington Bird & Animal Park
Bridlington, East Yorkshire YO15 3QF
Tel:01262 673653
The family-run park is set in a wonderful woodland environment.It offers daily shows of pig racing.We also have a range of birds and other animals to offer a fun-filled day out for families.
Open:10:00 am to 5:00 pm
Prices:Adults ￡4.50, Seniors ￡4.00, Children ￡3.50
【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了东约克郡的四个景点,主要包括其地理位置、联系方式、景点活动、开放时间及票价等信息。
1.Which attraction hosts temporary exhibitions
A.Goole Museum.
B.Burnby Hall Gardens & Museum.
C.Sledmere House.
D.Bridlington Bird & Animal Park. 2.What can tourists do at Sledmere House
A.Feed a wide range of animals.
B.Watch a band concert on Sunday.
C.Explore the history of the town.
D.Enjoy organ music on Thursday. 3.What is the ticket price for children at Bridlington Bird & Animal Park
A.￡2.50.　　 B.￡3.00.
C.￡3.50. D.￡4.00. B
(2026·咸阳模拟)
My name is Vienna Cammarota.I’m a hiker from Italy.I have been a fan of Italian traveler Marco Polo since childhood, which later led me to become a tour guide.Years of hiking have helped me maintain good health.Even at 75, I still have no need for reading glasses.
About 20 years ago, my interest in China was fueled by a student from Beijing who stayed in my home.The connections we made and the friendships we developed raised my curiosity about China.Following that, I found myself drawn to The Travels of Marco Polo, reading it over and over again to understand China through its vivid descriptions.The description of the ancient Silk Road in the book particularly fascinated me.
In 2018, the idea of retracing the ancient Silk Road came to me, which inspired me to map out a journey covering 22,000 kilometers from Venice to Beijing, passing through 15 countries in three to four years.At first, my children thought it was unrealistic.However, as they observed my detailed planning, they gave me their full support.
My journey began on April 26, 2022.For more than two years, I overcame practical challenges and psychological pressures, walked through mountains and waters, and crossed cities and villages in different countries.Along the way, I have gained insights into the history, culture, and customs of each country I visited.As I explored the remains of the ancient Silk Road, I was struck by the vast changes our world has experienced.
As I journeyed along this historical route, I witnessed that the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI), carrying forward the legacy(遗产) of the ancient Silk Road, has benefited more and more people across different countries.
Today, walking on the same “golden ancient route” with Marco Polo’s book in hand, I felt a deep sense of pride.Looking back on my journey, I want to tell friends of my age: Be brave in pursuing your dreams—nothing is impossible!
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Vienna Cammarota,一位意大利徒步旅行者,如何因对中国文化的兴趣而踏上重走丝绸之路的旅程,并从中获得的感悟和对同龄人的鼓励。
4.What initially inspired Vienna’s interest in China
A.A book she read in childhood.
B.A tour guide she met in Venice.
C.A documentary about the Silk Road.
D.A Chinese student who bonded with her. 5.What was Vienna’s children’s first reaction to her travel plan
A.They doubted its possibility.
B.They insisted on joining her.
C.They advised her to put it off.
D.They were proud of her ambition. 6.What can be inferred about Vienna’s journey
A.It was a tough hike through familiar landscapes.
B.It was a long trip resulting from cultural exchanges.
C.It was a long journey witnessing the BRI’s impact.
D.It was a long adventure with the government’s support. 7.What message does the author want to convey to readers
A.Technology aids history.
B.Determination wins.
C.Aging inspires dreams.
D.Health is travel’s key. Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
Tired of having the same old travel experiences that leave you feeling unfulfilled(未满足的) and disconnected Mindful travel is offering a new way to explore the world that is meaningful and sustainable.
Mindful travel is a concept that encourages individuals to fully dive into the present moment while they are exploring new destinations.Individuals are aware of their surroundings, engaging all the senses, and enjoying the beauty of each experience.　8　
Mindful travel is not just about the destination but also the journey.The goal is to create a positive impact on both individuals and the world around them.　9　 It is an opportunity for people to positively contribute to the world.
Mindful travel provides an opportunity to disconnect from the stresses of everyday life.　10　 Whether it’s wandering through a busy market, hiking in nature, or simply sitting by the ocean, it allows us to let go of our worries and fully enjoy the beauty of our surroundings.
　11　 By stepping out of our comfort zones and experiencing new cultures, we gain a fresh viewpoint on life.We become more open-minded, adaptable, and caring.Through interactions with locals and fellow travelers, we learn about different ways of life and develop a greater understanding of the world.
Mindful travel also has a positive impact on the destinations we visit.Mindful travelers are aware of their impact on the environment.　12　 By choosing eco-friendly accommodations, supporting local businesses, and respecting cultural traditions, we can ensure that our travels leave a green footprint.
A.They can deeply appreciate the surroundings through it.
B.Mindful travel promotes self-reflection and personal growth.
C.When traveling, we often leave behind our routines and duties.
D.Mindful travel positively impacts our mental and physical well-being.
E.The demands of daily responsibilities often leave little time for self-care.
F.They try to reduce waste, conserve resources, and support sustainable initiatives.
G.It’s about being mindful of one’s actions and how they affect others and the environment.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了用心旅行的概念以及相关好处。
- 9 -核心素养测评 Unit 5　Languages Around the World
(40分钟　50分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分20分)
A
Believe it or not, English has become the global lingua franca(世界通用语) in the 21st century.The ability to speak English fluently has become a necessity for individuals and countries to participate in the global economy.This is particularly true for countries that heavily rely on international trade and investment.Singapore is a perfect example of such a country.
Singapore is a small city-state located in Southeast Asia.Despite its small size, it has become one of the most prosperous and innovative economies in the world.This nation has gained a reputation for having a good quality of life, well-developed infrastructure(基础设施), and a favorable climate for businesses.While there are four official languages in Singapore, English, Chinese, Malay, and Tamil, English is the most commonly used language in business, education, and government.
English has played a crucial role in Singapore’s economic development.The country’s founding father, Lee Kuan Yew, acknowledged the significance of English in the international business environment and made it a priority to promote English learning in Singapore.He saw English as a tool to connect Singapore to the world and attract foreign investment.The government carried out policies to promote English learning, such as making English the medium of instruction in schools and providing financial support for teachers to teach English.
As a result of these policies, Singaporeans have become proficient in English, and this has given them a competitive edge in the global economy.Singapore is home to many multinational corporations, and English proficiency is a critical factor for these companies when selecting employees.Singaporeans’ proficiency in English has also made it easier for them to conduct business with other countries, particularly those in the Western world.As a consequence, the country started marching forward steadily towards prosperity.
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 说明文
主题 语境 人与社会
语篇 内容 本文以新加坡为例介绍了英语在国家发展中起到的重要作用
语篇 结构 Para.1 English as the global lingua franca.
Para.2 Singapore’s embrace of English.
Para.3 The role of English in Singapore’s economic development.
Para.4 The benefits of English proficiency for Singapore.
【命题意图】
1.What is indicated in Paragraph 1 第一段讲述英语的重要性。这道题目旨在考查考生对第一段内容的理解
2.What do we know about Singapore in Paragraph 2 第二段讲述新加坡全面使用英语的决定。这道题目考查考生对第二段内容的理解
3.What did Lee Kuan Yew do in Singapore’s promotion of English learning 第三段讲述英语在新加坡的经济发展中起到的作用。这道题目考查考生对第三段内容的理解
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage 本文以新加坡为例介绍了英语在国家发展中起到的重要作用。这道题目考查考生对整篇文章主旨的理解
1.What is indicated in Paragraph 1
A.English is necessary for people to communicate with neighboring countries.
B.English is the only language spoken in the global economy.
C.English is a tool to draw in overseas investors to invest.
D.English is the official language of all countries. 2.What do we know about Singapore in Paragraph 2
A.English is the most widely used official language.
B.Government officials have a high quality of life.
C.It is the most economically powerful country in Asia.
D.Tamil is the most commonly used language in business, education, and government. 3.What did Lee Kuan Yew do in Singapore’s promotion of English learning
A.He made policies to protect the business environment in Singapore.
B.He was a huge supporter of English-related business.
C.He laid emphasis on English learning in Singapore.
D.He was devoted to attracting foreign investment. 4.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A.Reasonable policies lead to the prosperity of Singapore.
B.English learning drives Singapore’s development.
C.English, the global lingua franca.
D.The road to a prosperous country. B
(2026·浙江模拟)
Picture this, you win two tickets to a sold-out concert and eagerly text to ask your friends if they’d like to join.There comes their response “Maybe.” Your mood immediately turns, for you need to wait for their decisions before you can figure out your plans for the concert.
If you’ve experienced anything like the above anecdote, you’re not alone.People responding “maybe” to invitations is a common yet annoying aspect of social life.What goes on in people’s heads when they aren’t sure whether to accept an invitation Social invitations can be a delicate dance.People often misread what someone extending an invitation wants to hear and overestimate an inviter’s likelihood of preferring a “maybe” over a “no”. Moreover, they fail to realize how much more disrespected people feel when they receive a “maybe” in response to their invitation.
Naturally, we wanted to figure out why this awkward dynamic plays out.We found that it’s largely due to something called “motivated reasoning”. Motivated reasoning occurs when a person interprets information in a biased(有偏差的) way to suit their own wishes.In other words, invitees convince themselves that inviters want to hear “maybe” instead of “no” because a “maybe” is better for the invitees, allowing them to leave their options open.Besides, people tend to overestimate the negative consequences of saying “no” to invitations, thinking it will upset, anger and disappoint inviters.
However, there were certain situations that made people more comfortable saying “no” to an invitation.When recipients of an invitation put themselves in the shoes of the person extending the invitation, they are more likely to realize that they’d probably prefer a definite answer.When the participants get invited to do something they didn’t want to do, they had no desire to keep their options open.The motivated reasoning then became irrelevant.
While navigating social situations can be tricky, being direct and definite is sometimes best.It might reduce your options.But it’ll keep those who invite you from being left uncertain and maybe they’ll still think of you when the next concert comes to town.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们收到邀请时回复“Maybe”这一常见社交现象,分析其背后原因及特定应对情况,并给出直接回应的建议。
5.Why is the concert anecdote mentioned at the beginning
A.To explain the background of the invitation.
B.To stress the importance of quick replies.
C.To encourage immediate decision-making.
D.To introduce a common social situation. 6.What is the main reason for the response of “maybe” to an invitation
A.A biased interpretation of social cues.
B.A desire for harmonious communication.
C.An underestimation of refusal consequence.
D.An understanding of the inviter’s expectation. 7.What is the author’s suggestion in the last paragraph
A.Keeping your options open for better plans.
B.Accepting invitations to maintain friendships.
C.Prioritizing clear response over open options.
D.Thinking twice before refusing an invitation. 8.What is the best title for the passage
A.The Psychology behind “Maybe”
B.The Hidden Consequence of “Maybe”
C.“Maybe”: A Polite Escape from Conflict
D.“Maybe”: A Perfect Solution to Invitations Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分 15分)
Most airplanes are constructed with seats in rows of two or three. Mathematically, someone in my family of five has to sit by a 　9　.I always ask to be that person and consider it the greatest 　10　 to meet someone remarkable.
From the time I could speak, I realized that overcoming communication 　11　 was an essential key to 　12　 the enormous potential for constructing meaningful relationships with others.My father is a successful scientist, but he has been 　13　 since birth.My childhood was spent understanding his intelligence while sometimes 　14　 to convey ideas because the words I chose were too 　15　 to lipread.But I learned how to employ my own approach to face the challenge.Gradually, I developed a 　16　 for communication skills.
Since kindergarten, I have loved Chinese culture.In my junior year of high school, I 　17　 a scholarship to study in China for the summer, learning Chinese and the Eastern culture.Dropped into Chengdu and 　18　 to speak the language fluently, I found myself a toddler(学步儿童).However, I didn’t quit.At the end of the program, I was voted to 　19　 the 500 scholarship recipients(被授予者) to deliver a speech in Chinese.My speech did win cheers.Finally, I returned home with a cultural awareness beyond expectation, possessing lifelong 　20　 with former strangers whom I now communicate with in Chinese.
Thanks to the strangers in my life, I learn that one must embrace(拥抱) certain new experience.I’m so 　21　 to confirm that stepping out of my comfort zone can, actually, 　22　 experiencing something from slightly interesting to life-changing.On the flight home from China I 　23　 chose to sit next to a stranger and it didn’t disappoint.
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了作者喜欢坐在飞机上与陌生人交谈,克服沟通障碍,并在中国学习普通话,最终获得文化认知和终生友谊,明白了走出舒适区能带来人生改变的道理。
9.A.kid　　B.stranger　 C.senior　 D.pilot 10.A.possibility B.mistake C.task D.honor
11.A.skills B.relationships C.barriers D.ideas
12.A.owning B.unlocking C.ensuring D.maintaining
13.A.depressed B.weak C.deaf D.blind
14.A.struggling B.asking C.wishing D.helping
15.A.virtual B.abstract C.risky D.difficult
16.A.talent B.habit C.passion D.case
17.A.found B.valued C.earned D.donated
18.A.inconvenient B.unnecessary
C.unable D.impatient 19.A.invite B.encourage C.train D.represent
20.A.happiness B.friendships C.achievements D.knowledge
21.A.powerful B.willing C.comfortable D.grateful
22.A.put off B.add up C.cut down D.lead to
23.A.suddenly B.definitely C.gradually D.accidentally
Ⅲ.语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
The famous author Lu Xun(1881—1936) once wrote that the beauty of Chinese characters is present in three aspects.They include: the meaning enlightens the mind, the sound touches the ear, and the 24._______(appear) appeals to the eye.
Chinese characters originated as a pictographic(象形的) writing system, borrowing the shapes of the sun, the moon, birds, beasts and so on.25._______(improve) the sense of aesthetics(美学) and efficiency of use, multiple writing systems such as zhuanshu, lishu, caoshu and kaishu 26._______(create) over the passage of time.Their beauty is especially visible 27._______ calligraphy works.Many characters not only bear 28._______(meaning) and cultural implications but also indicate their pronunciations.As 29._______ whole, characters are a symbol of Chinese civilization, bridging the past, present and future.
According to the Ministry of Education’s Center for Language Education and Cooperation, more than 30 million people around the globe 30._______(learn) Chinese so far.The language is taught in more than 190 countries and regions, among 31._______ 85 countries have included Chinese lessons into their national education systems.With a growing number of people 32._______(speak) between their mother tongue and Chinese, the genes of Chinese culture are likely to be better and more 33._______(wide) recognized.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文,文章主要讲的是汉字是中国文化的一部分,汉字有着悠久而又有趣的历史。它是中华民族文明的象征,联系着中国过去、现在和未来。我们应该为自己坚持学习汉字而感到自豪。
- 15 -核心素养测评 Unit 5　Languages Around the World
(40分钟　50分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分20分)
A
Believe it or not, English has become the global lingua franca(世界通用语) in the 21st century.The ability to speak English fluently has become a necessity for individuals and countries to participate in the global economy.This is particularly true for countries that heavily rely on international trade and investment.Singapore is a perfect example of such a country.
Singapore is a small city-state located in Southeast Asia.Despite its small size, it has become one of the most prosperous and innovative economies in the world.This nation has gained a reputation for having a good quality of life, well-developed infrastructure(基础设施), and a favorable climate for businesses.While there are four official languages in Singapore, English, Chinese, Malay, and Tamil, English is the most commonly used language in business, education, and government.
English has played a crucial role in Singapore’s economic development.The country’s founding father, Lee Kuan Yew, acknowledged the significance of English in the international business environment and made it a priority to promote English learning in Singapore.He saw English as a tool to connect Singapore to the world and attract foreign investment.The government carried out policies to promote English learning, such as making English the medium of instruction in schools and providing financial support for teachers to teach English.
As a result of these policies, Singaporeans have become proficient in English, and this has given them a competitive edge in the global economy.Singapore is home to many multinational corporations, and English proficiency is a critical factor for these companies when selecting employees.Singaporeans’ proficiency in English has also made it easier for them to conduct business with other countries, particularly those in the Western world.As a consequence, the country started marching forward steadily towards prosperity.
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 说明文
主题 语境 人与社会
语篇 内容 本文以新加坡为例介绍了英语在国家发展中起到的重要作用
语篇 结构 Para.1 English as the global lingua franca.
Para.2 Singapore’s embrace of English.
Para.3 The role of English in Singapore’s economic development.
Para.4 The benefits of English proficiency for Singapore.
【命题意图】
1.What is indicated in Paragraph 1 第一段讲述英语的重要性。这道题目旨在考查考生对第一段内容的理解
2.What do we know about Singapore in Paragraph 2 第二段讲述新加坡全面使用英语的决定。这道题目考查考生对第二段内容的理解
3.What did Lee Kuan Yew do in Singapore’s promotion of English learning 第三段讲述英语在新加坡的经济发展中起到的作用。这道题目考查考生对第三段内容的理解
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage 本文以新加坡为例介绍了英语在国家发展中起到的重要作用。这道题目考查考生对整篇文章主旨的理解
1.What is indicated in Paragraph 1
A.English is necessary for people to communicate with neighboring countries.
B.English is the only language spoken in the global economy.
C.English is a tool to draw in overseas investors to invest.
D.English is the official language of all countries.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段“The ability to speak English fluently has become a necessity for individuals and countries to participate in the global economy.This is particularly true for countries that heavily rely on international trade and investment.”可知,英语是吸引外国投资者来投资的重要工具。故选C。
2.What do we know about Singapore in Paragraph 2
A.English is the most widely used official language.
B.Government officials have a high quality of life.
C.It is the most economically powerful country in Asia.
D.Tamil is the most commonly used language in business, education, and government.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段“While there are four official languages in Singapore, English, Chinese, Malay, and Tamil, English is the most commonly used language in business, education, and government.”可知,新加坡虽然有四门官方语言,但英语是使用最广泛的语言。故选A。
3.What did Lee Kuan Yew do in Singapore’s promotion of English learning
A.He made policies to protect the business environment in Singapore.
B.He was a huge supporter of English-related business.
C.He laid emphasis on English learning in Singapore.
D.He was devoted to attracting foreign investment.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段“The country’s founding father, Lee Kuan Yew, acknowledged the significance of English in the international business environment and made it a priority to promote English learning in Singapore.”可知,新加坡的国父李光耀认识到英语在全球经济中的重要性,才大力推行英语。故选C。
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A.Reasonable policies lead to the prosperity of Singapore.
B.English learning drives Singapore’s development.
C.English, the global lingua franca.
D.The road to a prosperous country.
【解析】选B。标题归纳题。根据第一段“The ability to speak English fluently has become a necessity for individuals and countries to participate in the global economy.”以及“Singapore is a perfect example of such a country.”可知,英语在国际贸易中已经是一个必备技能,新加坡就是一个很好的例子。根据最后一段最后一句“As a consequence, the country started marching forward steadily towards prosperity.”可知,由于新加坡重视英语教育,在对外贸易上有很大优势,使得这个国家逐渐走向繁荣。B选项“英语学习推动新加坡发展”最适合作文章标题。故选B。
B
(2026·浙江模拟)
Picture this, you win two tickets to a sold-out concert and eagerly text to ask your friends if they’d like to join.There comes their response “Maybe.” Your mood immediately turns, for you need to wait for their decisions before you can figure out your plans for the concert.
If you’ve experienced anything like the above anecdote, you’re not alone.People responding “maybe” to invitations is a common yet annoying aspect of social life.What goes on in people’s heads when they aren’t sure whether to accept an invitation Social invitations can be a delicate dance.People often misread what someone extending an invitation wants to hear and overestimate an inviter’s likelihood of preferring a “maybe” over a “no”. Moreover, they fail to realize how much more disrespected people feel when they receive a “maybe” in response to their invitation.
Naturally, we wanted to figure out why this awkward dynamic plays out.We found that it’s largely due to something called “motivated reasoning”. Motivated reasoning occurs when a person interprets information in a biased(有偏差的) way to suit their own wishes.In other words, invitees convince themselves that inviters want to hear “maybe” instead of “no” because a “maybe” is better for the invitees, allowing them to leave their options open.Besides, people tend to overestimate the negative consequences of saying “no” to invitations, thinking it will upset, anger and disappoint inviters.
However, there were certain situations that made people more comfortable saying “no” to an invitation.When recipients of an invitation put themselves in the shoes of the person extending the invitation, they are more likely to realize that they’d probably prefer a definite answer.When the participants get invited to do something they didn’t want to do, they had no desire to keep their options open.The motivated reasoning then became irrelevant.
While navigating social situations can be tricky, being direct and definite is sometimes best.It might reduce your options.But it’ll keep those who invite you from being left uncertain and maybe they’ll still think of you when the next concert comes to town.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们收到邀请时回复“Maybe”这一常见社交现象,分析其背后原因及特定应对情况,并给出直接回应的建议。
5.Why is the concert anecdote mentioned at the beginning
A.To explain the background of the invitation.
B.To stress the importance of quick replies.
C.To encourage immediate decision-making.
D.To introduce a common social situation.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第一段以及第二段中的“If you’ve experienced anything like the above anecdote, you’re not alone.People responding “maybe” to invitations is a common yet annoying aspect of social life.(如果你有过类似上述轶事的经历,你并不孤单。人们对邀请回复“也许”是社交生活中常见却令人恼火的一面)”可知,作者开头提及音乐会轶事,是为了引出人们对邀请回复“Maybe”这一常见社交场景。故选D。
6.What is the main reason for the response of “maybe” to an invitation
A.A biased interpretation of social cues.
B.A desire for harmonious communication.
C.An underestimation of refusal consequence.
D.An understanding of the inviter’s expectation.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We found that it’s largely due to something called ‘motivated reasoning’. Motivated reasoning occurs when a person interprets information in a biased way to suit their own wishes.In other words, invitees convince themselves that inviters want to hear ‘maybe’ instead of ‘no’ because a ‘maybe’ is better for the invitees, allowing them to leave their options open.(我们发现,这在很大程度上是由一种叫作“动机性推理”的东西导致的。当一个人以有偏差的方式解读信息以迎合自己的意愿时,就会发生动机性推理。换句话说,受邀者会说服自己,邀请者更想听到“也许”而不是“不”,因为“也许”对受邀者更有利,能让他们保留选择的余地)”可知,人们对邀请回复“Maybe”的主要原因是对社交信号有偏差的解读。故选A。
7.What is the author’s suggestion in the last paragraph
A.Keeping your options open for better plans.
B.Accepting invitations to maintain friendships.
C.Prioritizing clear response over open options.
D.Thinking twice before refusing an invitation.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“While navigating social situations can be tricky, being direct and definite is sometimes best.It might reduce your options.But it’ll keep those who invite you from being left uncertain and maybe they’ll still think of you when the next concert comes to town.(虽然应对社交场合可能很棘手,但有时直接明确是最好的选择。这可能会减少你的选择,但能避免邀请你的人陷入不确定的状态,而且当下一场音乐会来临时,他们或许还会想到你)”可知,作者建议优先选择清晰明确的回应,而非保留选择余地。故选C。
8.What is the best title for the passage
A.The Psychology behind “Maybe”
B.The Hidden Consequence of “Maybe”
C.“Maybe”: A Polite Escape from Conflict
D.“Maybe”: A Perfect Solution to Invitations
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。通读全文,文章开头以音乐会轶事引出人们对邀请回复“Maybe”的现象,接着在第三段分析了这一现象背后“动机性推理”的心理原因,第四段介绍了人们更愿意说“不”的特定情况,最后给出直接回应的建议。全文围绕“Maybe”背后的心理机制展开,因此A项“‘Maybe’背后的心理学”概括了文章主题,最适合作为文章标题。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分 15分)
Most airplanes are constructed with seats in rows of two or three. Mathematically, someone in my family of five has to sit by a 　9　.I always ask to be that person and consider it the greatest 　10　 to meet someone remarkable.
From the time I could speak, I realized that overcoming communication 　11　 was an essential key to 　12　 the enormous potential for constructing meaningful relationships with others.My father is a successful scientist, but he has been 　13　 since birth.My childhood was spent understanding his intelligence while sometimes 　14　 to convey ideas because the words I chose were too 　15　 to lipread.But I learned how to employ my own approach to face the challenge.Gradually, I developed a 　16　 for communication skills.
Since kindergarten, I have loved Chinese culture.In my junior year of high school, I 　17　 a scholarship to study in China for the summer, learning Chinese and the Eastern culture.Dropped into Chengdu and 　18　 to speak the language fluently, I found myself a toddler(学步儿童).However, I didn’t quit.At the end of the program, I was voted to 　19　 the 500 scholarship recipients(被授予者) to deliver a speech in Chinese.My speech did win cheers.Finally, I returned home with a cultural awareness beyond expectation, possessing lifelong 　20　 with former strangers whom I now communicate with in Chinese.
Thanks to the strangers in my life, I learn that one must embrace(拥抱) certain new experience.I’m so 　21　 to confirm that stepping out of my comfort zone can, actually, 　22　 experiencing something from slightly interesting to life-changing.On the flight home from China I 　23　 chose to sit next to a stranger and it didn’t disappoint.
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了作者喜欢坐在飞机上与陌生人交谈,克服沟通障碍,并在中国学习普通话,最终获得文化认知和终生友谊,明白了走出舒适区能带来人生改变的道理。
9.A.kid　　B.stranger　 C.senior　 D.pilot
【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意:大多数飞机上的座位都是两排或三排,从数学上讲,我们一家五口人中必须有人坐在陌生人的旁边。kid孩子;stranger陌生人;senior老人;pilot飞行员。根据下文可知,我们必须有人坐在陌生人旁边。故选B项。
10.A.possibility B.mistake C.task D.honor
【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意:我总是请求让自己成为那个人,并把遇到杰出的人视为最大的荣幸。 possibility可能性;mistake错误;task任务;honor荣誉。根据下文可知,作者认为遇到杰出的人是很大的荣幸。故选D项。
11.A.skills B.relationships C.barriers D.ideas
【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意:从我会说话开始,我就意识到克服沟通障碍是开启与他人建立有意义关系的巨大潜力的关键。skills技能;relationships关系;barriers障碍;ideas想法。根据下文可知,作者与父亲沟通是在克服沟通障碍。故选C项。
12.A.owning B.unlocking C.ensuring D.maintaining
【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。owning拥有;unlocking解锁;ensuring确保;maintaining维持。根据“But I learned how to employ my own approach to face the challenge.”可知我获得了面对挑战的能力,可推知我解锁了与他人建立有意义关系的巨大潜力。故选B项。
13.A.depressed B.weak C.deaf D.blind
【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我的父亲是一位成功的科学家,但他天生耳聋。depressed沮丧的;weak虚弱的;deaf聋的;blind盲的。根据下文可知,作者选的词汇很难读唇语,表明作者的父亲耳聋。故选C项。
14.A.struggling B.asking C.wishing D.helping
【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意:我的童年是在理解他的聪明才智中度过的,有时在传递想法时会很艰难,因为我选择的词语太难读唇语。struggling艰难,费力;asking询问;wishing希望;helping帮助。根据下文可知,作者选的词汇很难读唇语,因此与父亲沟通很艰难。故选A项。
15.A.virtual B.abstract C.risky D.difficult
【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。virtual虚拟的;abstract抽象的;risky有风险的;difficult困难的。根据下文“But I learned how to employ my own approach to face the challenge.”作者学会了用自己的方式面对挑战,可知,此处指作者选择的词语太难读唇语。故选D项。
16.A.talent B.habit C.passion D.case
【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意:渐渐地,我对沟通技巧产生了激情。talent天赋;habit习惯;passion激情;case案例。根据下文可知作者对沟通技巧产生了激情,因此知道如何与陌生人沟通。故选C项。
17.A.found B.valued C.earned D.donated
【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意:高三那年,我获得了奖学金,暑假到中国学习普遍话和东方文化。found发现;valued珍惜;earned获得;donated捐赠。根据下文可知,作者在高三那年获得了奖学金。故选C项。
18.A.inconvenient B.unnecessary
C.unable D.impatient
【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:到成都后,(由于)不会流利地说普通话,我发现自己成了一个学步儿童。inconvenient不方便的;unnecessary不必要的;unable不能的;impatient不耐烦的。根据下文“However, I didn’t quit.”可知作者遇到了困难,无法流利使用中文沟通。故选C项。
19.A.invite B.encourage C.train D.represent
【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意:活动结束时,我被选为 500 名奖学金获得者的代表,用中文发表演讲。invite邀请;encourage鼓励;train训练;represent代表。根据上文“voted”以及下文“the 500 scholarship recipients to deliver a speech in Chinese”可推知,这里指作者被选为 500 名奖学金获得者的代表进行演讲。故选D项。
20.A.happiness B.friendships C.achievements D.knowledge
【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意:最后,我带着超出预期的文化意识回国,与昔日的陌生人建立了终生的友谊,现在我可以用中文与他们交流。happiness快乐;friendships友谊;achievements成就;knowledge知识。根据下文“now communicate with in Chinese”可知作者现在也在与之用中文联系,可推知这是一辈子的友谊。故选B项。
21.A.powerful B.willing C.comfortable D.grateful
【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我非常感激地确认,走出我的舒适区,实际上会让我经历一些从略微有趣到改变生活的事情。powerful有力量的;willing愿意的;comfortable舒适的;grateful感激的。根据上文“Thanks to the strangers in my life, I learn that one must embrace certain new experience.”可知作者对于从这次经历中学会的道理是感激的。故选D项。
22.A.put off B.add up C.cut down D.lead to
【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。put off推迟;add up累加;cut down减少;lead to导致、促使。结合语境,再根据下文“experiencing something from slightly interesting to life-changing”可推知,此处指走出了舒适区促使作者经历一些从略微有趣到改变生活的事情。故选D项。
23.A.suddenly B.definitely C.gradually D.accidentally
【解析】选B。考查副词词义辨析。句意:在从中国回国的飞机上,我肯定会选择坐在一个陌生人的旁边,而这也没有让我失望。suddenly突然地;definitely绝对地;gradually逐渐地;accidentally偶然地。根据上文可知,作者总是选择坐在一个陌生人的旁边,表示作者绝对会这么做。故选B项。
Ⅲ.语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
The famous author Lu Xun(1881—1936) once wrote that the beauty of Chinese characters is present in three aspects.They include: the meaning enlightens the mind, the sound touches the ear, and the 24._______(appear) appeals to the eye.
Chinese characters originated as a pictographic(象形的) writing system, borrowing the shapes of the sun, the moon, birds, beasts and so on.25._______(improve) the sense of aesthetics(美学) and efficiency of use, multiple writing systems such as zhuanshu, lishu, caoshu and kaishu 26._______(create) over the passage of time.Their beauty is especially visible 27._______ calligraphy works.Many characters not only bear 28._______(meaning) and cultural implications but also indicate their pronunciations.As 29._______ whole, characters are a symbol of Chinese civilization, bridging the past, present and future.
According to the Ministry of Education’s Center for Language Education and Cooperation, more than 30 million people around the globe 30._______(learn) Chinese so far.The language is taught in more than 190 countries and regions, among 31._______ 85 countries have included Chinese lessons into their national education systems.With a growing number of people 32._______(speak) between their mother tongue and Chinese, the genes of Chinese culture are likely to be better and more 33._______(wide) recognized.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文,文章主要讲的是汉字是中国文化的一部分,汉字有着悠久而又有趣的历史。它是中华民族文明的象征,联系着中国过去、现在和未来。我们应该为自己坚持学习汉字而感到自豪。
24.【解析】appearance。考查名词。句意:它们包括:意义启迪心灵,声音触动耳朵,外观吸引眼睛。由句意及空前的the meaning enlightens the mind, the sound touches the ear, and the以及空后的“appeals to the eye”可知应填名词形式,作主语,与meaning和sound并列,表抽象意义,不可数,故填appearance。
25.【解析】To improve。考查不定式。句意:为了提高美感和使用效率,随着时间的推移,人们创造了篆书、隶书、草书和楷书等多种书写体系。空处应填非谓语动词,由句意可知此处表示目的,应用不定式,作目的状语,空处位于句首,首字母需大写。故填To improve。
26.【解析】were created。考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。空处应填谓语动词,动作发生在过去,主语multiple writing systems为复数,且与create之间为被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were created。
27.【解析】in。考查介词。句意:它们的美在书法作品中尤为明显。由句意可知此处应用介词in,表示“在书法作品中”。故填in。
28.【解析】meanings。考查名词。句意:许多汉字不仅具有意义和文化内涵,而且还表明其读音。由句意及空后与之并列的cultural implications可知应填名词复数meanings,作宾语。故填meanings。
29.【解析】a。考查冠词。句意:总的来说,汉字是中国文明的象征,连接着过去、现在和未来。as a whole 意为“总的来说”,为固定搭配。故填a。
30.【解析】have learned。考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:根据教育部语言教育与合作中心的数据,目前全球已经有超过3 000万人学习了汉语。空处应填谓语动词,此处表示对现在的影响和结果,应用现在完成时,主语为more than 30 million people,谓语动词应用复数形式。故填have learned。
31.【解析】which。考查介词+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句。句意:190多个国家和地区教授汉语,其中85个国家将汉语课程纳入国民教育体系。此处为介词+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词为more than 190 countries and regions,应用关系代词which。故填which。
32.【解析】speaking。考查with复合结构。句意:随着越来越多的人说母语和汉语,中国文化的基因可能会更好、更广泛地得到认可。此处为with复合结构,people与speak之间为主动关系,应用动词-ing形式表示主动,with复合结构在句中作伴随状语。故填speaking。
33.【解析】widely。考查副词。句意:随着越来越多的人说母语和汉语,中国文化的基因可能会更好、更广泛地得到认可。由句意及空后的recognized可知应填副词形式,作状语。故填widely。
- 15 -核心素养测评 Unit 3　Sports and Fitness
(25分钟　25分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共4小题;每小题2.5分,满分10分)
(2026·镇江模拟)
Usain Bolt burned about 10 kcal of energy to win his gold during the 200 metre sprint final at the Olympic Games, which could roughly power an old 60W light bulb for 11 minutes.If you could make use of all the power generated by all the athletes during the Games, you would still be nowhere close to reaching the 29.5 billion Watts consumed overall by the athletes, spectators and organizers over the event.We take sport for granted, but do we ever consider its cost to the planet
From the water required to maintain the golf course during The Masters tournament to the hundreds of flights it takes to bring football fans to a World Cup, major sports events are not helping much in the fight against global heating.What’s more, there is a lack of recognition within sport of its responsibilities and little discussion about possible solutions.
This is strange, given that the effect works both ways: the climate crisis is not just affected by sports, but it is already having a negative impact on many sports.When ice-climber Will Gadd set out to conquer the world’s glaciers, he didn’t realize it would become a race against climate change.“I thought glaciers are there forever.” When he arrived at the summit, Gadd was shocked: “The ice...wasn’t there.The things I planned to climb were gone.”
Global heating is noticeable in other sports.Amy Steel played professional netball until she suffered from heatstroke after playing in 39℃ conditions and unfortunately, the damage was permanent.Not only that, but extreme weather events made more frequent as a result of global heating mean that sporting events are more often delayed or canceled.This has cost sport billions in potential earnings.
Yet sport can be a powerful motivator: it can unite whole nations behind its teams.Could sport have a role to play in driving climate awareness Will Gadd and Amy Steel are among many athletes who think so One thing is certain.Sport must put climate change at the top of its agenda and decarbonize at a Usain Bolt-like pace to make a difference.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了气候危机与体育运动的关系,即气候危机中的体育运动。
1.What is the main focus of the first paragraph
A.Why do sports events consume energy
B.How much power do athletes generate
C.What is the energy impact of sports events
D.How did Bolt contribute to the environment
【解析】选C。段落大意题。由文章第一段可知,第一段重点关注的是体育赛事的能量,资源消耗等对环境的影响,即体育赛事的能量影响。故选C。
2.Why does the writer use Will Gadd and Amy Steel as examples
A.They initiated eco-friendly sports practices.
B.They sustained permanent injuries in sports.
C.They fell victim to climate-related incidents.
D.They achieved record-breaking performances.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。由文章第三段以及第四段中“Amy Steel played professional netball until she suffered from heatstroke after playing in 39℃ conditions and unfortunately, the damage was permanent.(艾米·斯蒂尔在39℃的环境下打过职业无挡板篮球,直到中暑才退役,不幸的是,她的伤势是永久性的)”可推知,作者使用二人作为例子,是想说明气候对运动员的影响——他们成了气候相关事件的受害者。故选C。
3.What effect of global heating on sports is mentioned in the text
A.Stricter facility restrictions.
B.Substantial financial losses.
C.Higher athlete training standards.
D.Prolonged outdoor sports seasons.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。由文章第四段中“Not only that, but extreme weather events made more frequent as a result of global heating mean that sporting events are more often delayed or canceled.This has cost sport billions in potential earnings.(不仅如此,由于全球变暖,极端天气事件更加频繁,这意味着体育赛事更经常被推迟或取消。这让体育界损失了数十亿美元的潜在收入)”可知,全球变暖造成体育运动重大财务损失。故选B。
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Sports in the Climate Crisis
B.Athletes against Global Heating
C.The Impact of Climate Change on Sport
D.The Environmental Cost of Outdoor Sports
【解析】选A。标题归纳题。根据第一段最后一句“We take sport for granted, but do we ever consider its cost to the planet (我们认为体育运动是理所当然的,但我们是否考虑过它给地球带来的代价)”以及第三段第一句,尤其是文章最后一段中“Sport must put climate change at the top of its agenda and decarbonize at a Usain Bolt-like pace to make a difference.(体育必须把气候变化放在议程的首位,以尤塞恩·博尔特那样的速度去碳化,才能有所作为)”可知,本文主要说明了气候危机与体育运动的关系。由此可知,Sports in the Climate Crisis(气候危机中的体育运动)适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)
Evelyn Donohue is a 65-year-old grandma.She only started to 　5　 seven years ago after having a 　6　 call.She’d been struggling with eating disorders and health issues, which 　7　 led her to getting surgery.After that experience, she knew that she needed to make a 　8　.Determined to turn her life around, Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a 　9　 lifestyle, before discovering a 　10　 for weightlifting.
Since setting out on the journey, the 　11　 lover has not only managed to 　12　 an impressive set of muscles—but also a huge following on social media.
The well-liked grandma regularly posts workout content, explaining there’s no 　13　 others can’t look this good.She said it was all down to some key aspects.
“Hold on: Consider failure as a 　14　 to success and never give up.Stick to your plan, ” she said.“　15　 others: Lift others up on your journey.Success is sweeter when 　16　.”She previously explained that “you do not need to have an amazing body to exercise...the 　17　 is to feel good, not look good.”
Ms Donohue used to be laughed at for being too old to work out, but she has proved the 　18　 wrong in the best possible way and has indeed become an 　19　 for many social media users.
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。本文通过一个65岁老奶奶改变饮食习惯,开始健康生活和体育锻炼,并最终重获健康的故事告诉我们,健康不仅仅是外人眼中的事情,更是自己内心的感受。
5.A.write　　 B.travel C.exercise D.recover
【解析】选C。考查动词。write 写; travel旅行; exercise 锻炼; recover 康复。文中开头提到她“only started to _______seven years ago”, 结合后文关于锻炼和健康的内容, 合理的推测是“开始锻炼(exercise)”, 故选C。
6.A.goodwill B.timeout C.long-distance D.wake-up
【解析】选D。考查词义。goodwill 善意; timeout暂停; long-distance长距离的; wake-up 醒过来的。文中“after having a_______ call”指经历了促使她改变生活的警示, “wake-up call (警钟)”, 故选D。
7.A.normally B.ultimately C.suddenly D.automatically
【解析】选B。考查副词。normally通常; ultimately 最终; suddenly 突然; automatically 自动地。语境为“健康问题最终导致了手术”, 因此“ultimately(最终)”最贴切, 故选B。
8.A.change B.fortune C.wish D.deal
【解析】选A。考查名词。change 改变; fortune 财富; wish 愿望; deal 处理。根据文中“she needed to make a_______”,结合后文“turn her life around”可知,此处表示需要“做出改变(change)”, 故选A。
9.A.risky B.traditional C.comfortable D.healthy
【解析】选D。考查形容词。risky 冒险的; traditional 传统的; comfortable 舒适的; healthy 健康的。文中提到她开始过一种“_______lifestyle”,结合前后文显然是“健康的(healthy)”生活方式,故选D。
10.A.demand B.secret C.passion D.cure
【解析】选C。考查名词。demand需求; secret 秘密; passion 热情; cure治愈。文中提到她“discovering a_______ for weightlifting”, 意为她“发现了对举重的热爱”, 故选C。
11.A.peace B.fitness C.fun D.nature
【解析】选B。考查名词。peace和平; fitness健身; fun乐趣; nature自然。前文讲到她开始锻炼并爱上举重,句中“the _______lover”指热爱健身的人, 故选B。
12.A.grow B.control C.activate D.relax
【解析】选A。考查动词。grow增长; control控制; activate激活; relax 放松。文中说她“不仅拥有了令人印象深刻的肌肉”, 即“增长了肌肉”, 故选A。
13.A.need B.choice C.reason D.difference
【解析】选C。考查名词。need需要; choice 选择; reason理由; difference差别。她解释没有理由其他人不能变得好看, “no _______others can’t look this good”, “reason(理由)”符合语境, 故选C。
14.A.green light B.road block
C.passing mark D.stepping stone
【解析】选D。考查短语。green light 绿灯(允许); road block路障; passing mark 及格线; stepping stone垫脚石。文中“Consider failure as a_______ to success”, 形象地说“把失败当作成功的垫脚石”, 故选D。
15.A.Help B.Consult C.Follow D.Forgive
【解析】选A。考查动词。Help 帮助; Consult咨询; Follow 跟随; Forgive 原谅。文中“Lift others up on your journey”,即要“帮助他人”,故选A。
16.A.accepted B.shared C.expected D.celebrated
【解析】选B。考查动词。accepted 接受; shared 分享; expected期望; celebrated 庆祝。成功更甜美“when _______”,这里指“与他人分享”, 故选B。
17.A.goal B.case C.duty D.cost
【解析】选A。考查名词。goal 目标; case 案例; duty责任; cost 代价。文中“the _______is to feel good, not look good”,说的是锻炼的“目标(goal)”是感觉好,故选A。
18.A.instructors B.admirers C.beginners D.doubters
【解析】选D。考查名词。instructors 教练; admirers 崇拜者; beginners 初学者; doubters怀疑者。她“used to be laughed at”说明有人怀疑她, 文中“proved the _______wrong”指证明怀疑者(doubters)错了, 故选D。
19.A.authority B.excuse C.inspiration D.option
【解析】选C。考查名词。authority 权威; excuse 借口; inspiration 灵感; option 选择。她成为“many social media users”的_______, 即“激励(inspiration)”, 故选C。
- 5 -核心素养测评 Unit 1　Teenage Life
(30分钟　35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分20分)
A
(2026·扬州模拟)
Anyone who has taken a standardized test knows that writing an essay in 20 minutes or less takes serious brain power.Having access to artificial intelligence(AI) would certainly lighten the mental load.But as a recent study by researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) suggests, that help may come at a cost.
Over the course of a series of essay-writing sessions, students working with as well as without an AI chatbot had their brain activity measured.Across the board, the AI users exhibited markedly lower brain activity in areas associated with creative functions and attention.
Whether AI will leave people’s brains weak in the long term remains an open question.Researchers behind this study have stressed that further work is needed to establish a definitive causal link between increased AI use and weakened brains.After all, the study had a tiny sample size and focused on a single narrow task.
Moreover, generative AI tools clearly seek to lighten people’s mental loads, as many other technologies do.Concerns about this kind of offloading aren’t new.As long ago as the 5th century BC, Socrates was quoted as complaining that writing is not “a potion(神药) for remembering, but for reminding”.Calculators spare cashiers from computing a bill.Navigation apps remove the need for map-reading.And yet few would argue that people are less capable as a result.
There is little evidence to suggest that letting machines handle users’ mental tasks changes the brain’s capacity for thinking.But the worry is that generative AI allows one to offload a thought process.And once the brain has developed a taste for offloading, it can be a hard habit to kick.As one user put it, “I rely so much on AI that I don’t think I’d know how to solve certain problems without it.”
The technology is so young that, for many tasks, the human brain is still the sharpest tool in the toolkit.But in time both the consumers of AI and its regulators will have to assess whether its wider benefits outweigh any cognitive(认知) costs.If stronger evidence emerges that AI makes people less intelligent, will they care
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。MIT研究表明,使用AI写作文的学生在创造力和注意力相关脑区活动显著降低,但长期影响未知。虽无证据显示AI 改变大脑思考能力,但需权衡其利弊。
1.What did the MIT study find
A.AI users showed less mental engagement.
B.AI left people’s brains weak.
C.AI lightened the mental load of writing.
D.AI users associated creativity with attention.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “Across the board, the AI users exhibited markedly lower brain activity in areas associated with creative functions and attention.” 可知,MIT的研究发现AI使用者的脑力参与度更低。故选A。
2.According to Socrates, what negative consequence could writing have
A.People would avoid using reminders.
B.People would stop thinking independently.
C.People would rely less on their own memory.
D.People would care less about the spoken word.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段可知,苏格拉底的说法是:写作的消极结果是人们更少依赖自己的记忆。故选C。
3.What point does the user’s remark in Paragraph 5 illustrate
A.AI can change users’ mental capacity.
B.AI is not widely available to the public.
C.AI can encourage users’ mental laziness.
D.AI is not capable of solving every problem.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第五段可知,该用户的话表明AI可能会助长用户的思维惰性。故选C。
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Will AI Make You Stupid
B.How AI Lets You Offload Tasks
C.Why AI Affects Your Thinking Abilities
D.Is AI a Mental Shortcut You Can Easily Quit
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。通读全文,并结合第三段和最后一段可知,文章主要介绍MIT 研究表明,使用AI写作文的学生在创造力和注意力相关脑区活动显著降低,虽无证据显示AI 改变大脑思考能力,但需权衡其利弊。因此A项“AI会使你变笨吗 ”适合作为本文标题。故选A。
B
(2025·八省联考)
Want to learn a new language or get A’s in college exams Previous studies have shown that exercise can help stimulate the areas of the brain that convert(转换) new information into long-term memory.A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning.
Building upon past research that found exercise releases biochemicals that improve mental function, scientists at Radboud University and the University of Edinburgh conducted a study to determine when exercise was most beneficial to learning.
Participants—72 healthy male and female adults—were first asked to perform a computer test that challenged their visual and spatial learning.After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries, but two-thirds of them also exercised.Half of the exercisers did circuit training on an exercise bike for 35 minutes immediately after the test.The other half did the same exercise but not until four hours after they had been tested.
Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test, and they were connected to MRI(磁共振成像) machines to assess their brain activity.The participants who exercised four hours after taking the computer test were able to recall what they had learned most accurately.Their brainwaves also showed more consistent levels of activity, indicating that their brains were less taxed to remember what they had learned.
According to this research, the best time to exercise to improve learning is four hours after studying.But why That’s one question the researchers have yet to answer.Another question left unanswered is the level of exercise that might best improve learning.I’ve run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout.But the researchers noted that light workouts might not give the brain enough of a biochemical boost to improve learning.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究——锻炼可以帮助刺激大脑将新信息转化为长期记忆的区域,以及锻炼可以最大程度提高学习的最佳时间。
5.What did the new study aim to explore
A.When exercise is best for learning.
B.What biochemicals are good for health.
C.How brainwaves should be measured.
D.Which area of the brain is the most active.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段中“A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning.(一项新的研究(在先前研究的基础上)更进一步,找到了锻炼有助于最大化学习效果的最佳时间)”可知,新研究旨在探索什么时候锻炼最有利于学习。故选A项。
6.What were all the participants asked to do during the experiment
A.Train on bicycles.
B.Do mathematics exercises.
C.Play computer games.
D.Watch films about nature.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段中“After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries(测试后,所有受试者都观看了自然纪录片)”可知,实验要求所有受试者在实验过程中观看自然纪录片。故选D项。
7.Why did the participants return to the lab two days later
A.To do a medical examination.
B.To have their memory tested.
C.To get their workouts recorded.
D.To finish their previous tasks.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段中“Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test(两天后,所有参与者返回实验室进行回忆测试)”可知,参与者两天后返回实验室是为了进行记忆测试。故选B项。
8.What might the author’s marathon running prove
A.The findings of the study are reliable.
B.Long-distance runners are often smart.
C.Studies on the marathon are not enough.
D.Hard exercise may not sharpen the brain.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I’ve run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout.(我已经跑了足够多的马拉松来证明这样一个事实:在艰苦的锻炼过程中或之后,我的大脑一点也不敏锐)”可知,作者通过自己跑马拉松的经历证明,剧烈的锻炼可能不会使大脑变得敏锐。故选D项。
Ⅱ.语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It’s part of life to have challenging experiences that get you down.At times like this, you might try to change your mindset, 9._______(remind) yourself that it won’t last forever or to focus on the bright side.Changing how you think about 10._______(emotion) events in this way can change how you feel about them.11._______ sometimes this is easier said than done.
Imagine you lost a dream opportunity and you may wonder whether you’ll ever get another chance like that again.It can be difficult to break out of your mindset when you are having negative experiences.12._______(fortunate), getting a good friend’s perspective(见解) can help.
Here 13._______(come) the question: Is getting a friend’s perspective when rethinking a negative event more powerful than rethinking it 14._______ your own According to some research 15._______(conduct) lately, we can choose the former.How you think and feel can 16._______(shape) by getting a friend’s perspective, both in the moment and over time.The next time you can’t get rid of your negative thought 17._______(pattern), remember that humans are fundamentally social creatures.It’s okay to turn to the people around you and your friends, from 18._______ you can get new perspectives and some help.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍碰到有挑战性的经历时应该如何面对。
9.【解析】reminding。考查非谓语动词。句意:在这种时候,你可能会试图改变你的心态,提醒自己这种心态不会永远持续下去,或者专注于光明的一面。分析句子结构和意思可知,空处用非谓语动词作状语,动词remind是句子主语you主动发出的动作,用动词-ing形式,表示主动。故填reminding。
10.【解析】emotional。考查形容词。句意:以这种方式改变你对情感事件的看法可以改变你对它们的感受。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里需要用形容词,修饰后面的名词events。故填emotional。
11.【解析】But。考查连词。句意:但有时说起来容易做起来难。分析句子结构和意思可知,上下文是转折关系,用连词but,位于句首,首字母大写。故填But。
12.【解析】Fortunately。考查副词。句意:幸运的是,获得好朋友的见解会有帮助。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里需要用副词,作状语,位于句首,首字母大写。故填Fortunately。
13.【解析】comes。考查谓语动词。句意:问题来了:在重新思考一个负面事件时,征求朋友的意见比自己重新思考更有力吗 分析句子结构和意思可知,这句话描述的是一般的情况,用一般现在时,句子为Here开头的倒装句,主语是the question,谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填comes。
14.【解析】on。考查介词短语。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里考查介词短语on one’s own,意为“独自地”。故填on。
15.【解析】conducted。考查非谓语动词。句意:根据最近进行的一些研究,我们可以选择前者。分析句子结构和意思可知,动词conduct和被修饰的名词some research是逻辑上的动宾关系,用过去分词形式,表示被动。故填conducted。
16.【解析】be shaped。考查谓语动词。句意:你的想法和感受可以通过得到朋友的见解来塑造,无论是在当下还是随着时间的推移。分析句子结构和意思可知,空处为谓语,动词shape和主语How you think and feel是动宾关系,用被动语态结构,前面有情态动词can,be动词用原形。故填be shaped。
17.【解析】patterns。考查名词的数。句意:下次当你无法摆脱消极的思维模式时,请记住,人类从根本上来说是社会生物。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里需要用名词复数,表示泛指,作宾语。故填patterns。
18.【解析】whom。考查定语从句。句意:求助于你周围的人和你的朋友是可以的,你可以从他们那里获得新的见解和一些帮助。分析句子结构和意思可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词people在从句中作介词from的宾语,指人,用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。
- 9 -

展开更多......

收起↑