资源简介

(共64张PPT)
Unit 4　Natural Disasters
Step 1　题源研读·入境体验
Step 3　跟踪评估·夯基提能
Step 2　核心考点·探究突破
Step 1　题源研读·入境体验
Atlantic hurricane season is now predicted to be “above-normal”
据预测,大西洋飓风季将“高于正常水平”
　　The Atlantic hurricane season is now projected to have “above-normal level of activity” according to the annual forecast update by scientists at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
　　Earlier in the season, NOAA forecast 12 to 17 named storms.Now the agency projects 14 to 21 storms.The prediction includes tropical storms and hurricanes.About half of those are expected to be full-blown hurricanes.
　　During active years, there’s a doubling in the chance of a hurricane hitting the East Coast of the U.S.compared to an average or below-average season.Even though the agency has boosted its activity prediction, the change from May is not unusual.
　　The main reason scientists expect more activity is that ocean water in areas of the Atlantic Ocean where hurricanes form is abnormally warm right now.It’s expected to stay that way throughout hurricane season, which officially started on June 1 and runs through November.
　　The June and July sea surface temperatures in the main development region of the North Atlantic were the warmest since 1950, at 1.23 degrees centigrade above normal.This is an El Nino year and typically that climate pattern creates wind conditions that disrupt hurricanes.But the warmer water is likely to counterbalance that effect.
　　Federal officials warn people who live in hurricane areas to not focus too much on the total number of storms, because just one storm can cause significant damage.That means making a plan for how to evacuate if a storm is headed your way, getting ready for power off and thinking about how to care for elderly family members, people with disabilities, children and pets.
　　Hurricane risks extend to those who live far from the coast where storms make landfall.Even relatively weak storms can cause dangerous flooding inland, and climate change is making heavy rain from hurricanes more common.
—https://www.npr.org/
(同源高考:2024年新高考Ⅱ卷B篇阅读选自该网站)
【名师原创】
1.How many hurricanes are likely to occur according to scientists’ new prediction (　　)
A.Six to nine.　　　　
B.Seven to ten.
C.Twelve to seventeen.
D.Fourteen to twenty one.
√
2.The hurricanes that have occurred are ______.(　　)
A.normal
B.unusual
C.more frequent
D.more destructive
√
【长难句分析】
Even though the agency has boosted its activity prediction, the change from May is not unusual.
Even though 引导_____________,not unusual 为双重否定结构,“不是不寻常”,也就是正常,并不罕见。
让步状语从句
Step 2　核心考点·探究突破
【重点单词】
1.affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动
【语境速测】
①(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with
helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will
positively ______(affect) the whole family.
②However, if you download a program and run it, your computer might be
affected _____ virus.
affect
with
③While this kind of humour may sound cruel, it usually only works if both the
comedian and the audience have an _________(affect) for or admire the person
being made fun of.
④But there is a growing resistance to this consumer society which __________
(affect)the youth of today with their computers, designer clothes and mobile
phones.
⑤The warming of the Earth and the consequent climatic changes ___________.
全球变暖以及随之而来的气候变化影响着我们每个人。
affection
is affecting
affect us all
(1)be deeply/greatly affected by...　　被……深深打动
be affected with... 染上……疾病
(2)show/have an affection for... 喜欢……;喜爱……
(3)have an effect/influence on... 对……有影响
【疑难辨析】affect与effect 的区别
(1)含义不同:affect作名词意为“感情;情感;心情”;一般作动词。effect作名词意为“效果;影响;印象;所有物”。
(2)侧重点不同:affect的前缀a- 表示“向上”,affect的主语通常是物而不是人,侧重于表示原因。effect的前缀e-表示“出来”,effect侧重表示结果。
How will these changes affect us
Does television have an effect on children’s behaviour
2.shock n.休克;打击;震惊;令人震惊的事
vt.(使)震惊
【语境速测】
①The survivors lay on the beach, exhausted and ________(shock).
②Their neighbours were again shocked ___ the idea that they might be involved in anything unexpected.
③This may be a shock ___ some, given that temperatures in places reached the mid-60s on Sunday.
shocked
at
to
④They _____________(shock) when they saw the Norwegian flag.
⑤Actually, _______________________________after several round journeys from the US to China.
事实上,在从美国到中国的几次往返旅行后,我确实受到了一些文化冲击。
⑥__________________, their mother said in a sweet whisper, “Thanks, my kids.I really appreciate what you have done for me!”
他们的母亲既震惊又自豪,她温柔地低声说:“谢谢你们,孩子们。我真的很感激你们为我所做的一切!”
were shocked
I definitely got some culture shock
Shocked and proud
(1)be shocked to do sth. 做某事很震惊
be shocked at... 对……感到震惊
a shock to... 对……是吃惊的事
(2)electric shock 触电;电休克
shocking adj.令人震惊的
culture shock 文化冲击
3.trap n.险境;陷阱 vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套
【语境速测】
①Rescuers were still working their way toward the ________ (trap)men in the
coal mine.
②He felt he had been trapped ____ accepting the terms of the contract and
regretted for that.
③(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what
strategies worked well for them, and what ______ (trap)they encountered that
you should avoid.
trapped
into
traps
④When the amount of these gases in the atmosphere increases, more heat
__________(trap) and the Earth’s temperature rises.
⑤________________________________, I was late for work.
因为交通堵塞,我上班迟到了。
⑥Had I not quarreled with Tom, walked away and climbed to the high place,
________________________________________, confronted with the danger
of dying.
如果我没有和汤姆吵架,走开,爬到高处,我现在就不会被困在这个可怕的
地方面临死亡的危险。
is trapped
Having been trapped in traffic jams
I wouldn’t be trapped in this awful place now
(1)be trapped in...　　 被困在……中
trap sb.into doing sth. 诱使某人做某事
(2)fall into a trap 落入圈套
set a trap for sb. 给某人设圈套
4.bury vt.埋葬;安葬
【语境速测】
①Our first job here was to try to organize a place ________(bury)the people
who were killed.
②He walked slowly, his hands _______ (bury) in his pockets.
③Pliny described a cloud coming down the mountain, blocking out the sun and
________ (bury)everything in its path, including whole villages and towns.
to bury
buried
burying
④As you know, _______________________at the school you are so familiar
with.
如你所知,我还在你所熟悉的那所学校埋头读书。
⑤The young man, who also seemed deeply ________________, raised his
eyes.
似乎也陷入了沉思的那个年轻人抬起了眼睛。
I am still buried in books
buried in thought
(1)bury one’s head/face in hands 双手抱头/掩面
(2)be buried in=bury oneself in 专心于
be buried in thought 陷入沉思
5.suffer vt.遭受;蒙受　vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
【语境速测】
①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)But Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s _________(suffer)
so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.
②The country had been at war for over eight months, and he knew that it
____________(suffer) many great defeats before it would begin to win the war.
③The incident woke memories of his past __________(suffering).
suffering
would suffer
sufferings
④(2024·浙江1月高考)It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades
__________(suffer)as a result.
⑤Many people _____________________________________________
__________ because of a lack of food, yet their welfare was of no concern to
the taxpayers of London.
许多人因缺乏食物而遭受营养不良甚至饥饿的影响,但他们的福利与伦敦
纳税人无关。
will suffer
suffered from the effects of poor nutrition and even
starvation
⑥While on the job, __________________________that left him confused about what he was supposed to do with the rest of his life.
在工作期间,吉姆遭遇了一件悲伤的事情,这让他对自己的余生应该做些什么感到困惑。
Jim had suffered a sad event
(1)suffer a lot of pain 遭受巨大的痛苦
suffer severe damage /great losses 损失惨重
suffer from 遭受;患病
suffer defeat 遭受失败
(2) suffering n. (内心或肉体的)痛苦
6.survive vi.生存;存活 vt.幸存;艰难度过
【语境速测】
①This is a unique piece, as posters such as this one were printed on soft paper
and very few _____________(survive).
②(2022·全国甲卷)Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of
the UK’s touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardiff’s oldest _________ (survive)
traditional theatre.
③Hunters willingly pay the stamp price(狩猎印花税费) to ensure the ________
(survive) of our natural resources.
have survived
surviving
survival
④In most cases, a country must learn to live with and survive ___ its own
water resources.
⑤Without the oceans, ___________________________, humans included.
没有海洋,任何生物都无法生存,包括人类。
⑥I opened the door and surprisingly found an old lady standing in the
snowstorm with just a thin coat, _____________________________
__________.
我打开门,惊奇地发现一个老太太站在暴风雪中,身上只穿了一件薄外套,
显然不足以在暴风雪中生存。
on
no living things would survive
clearly not enough to survive the
snowstorm
(1)survive on　　 靠……存活下来
survive sth. 幸免于;从……中活过来
A survive B (by+时间) A比B活得长(……)
(2)survival n. 存活,幸存
(3)survivor n.幸存者,生还者
7.damage n.损坏;损失 vt.损害;破坏
【语境速测】
①First I am talking to you today about the vast areas of the world ___________
(damage)by chemical waste.
②One of the mechanics took off the _________ (damage)tyre, and took it back
to the station to be patched.
③The landscape has been completely altered, severely __________(damage)
wildlife.
are damaged
damaged
damaging
④This costs countries a lot of money and causes great damage ___ the welfare
of the people.
⑤Finally, we have to get rid of those bad habits _____________________,
such as drinking and smoking.
最后,我们必须摆脱那些损害我们健康的坏习惯,如饮酒和吸烟。
⑥Faced up with her own car, _______________________________________,
Fiona called for rescue and waited for help.
面对自己的车窗严重受损的汽车,菲奥娜打电话求救,等待救援。
to
that damage our health
whose windows had been seriously damaged
do/cause damage to　　 对……造成危害
prevent/avoid damage 阻止/避免损害
physical damage 身体损害
damage one’s health 损害某人的健康
8.strike vi.& vt.侵袭;突击;击打n.罢工;罢课;袭击
【语境速测】
①He fell, striking his head on the edge of the table._____
②The clock struck six just as I arrived._____
③What struck me most about the book was how little the investment industry
had changed._______________
碰撞
报时
对……产生印象
④(有道词典)It strikes me that I forgot to hand in my homework, which makes
me very anxious._________
⑤(柯林斯词典)Shortly after the workers went on strike, police began to mass
at the shipyard._____
突然想起
罢工
(1)be struck with/by　　 为……所袭击(感动)
It strikes sb.that... 某人突然想到……
(2)strike...into one’s heart 使……刻骨铭心
(3)be on strike 在罢工
go on strike 举行罢工
【核心短语】
9.come to an end 结束
【语境速测】
come to an end,by the end of,in the end, end up with
①The show ______________in the laughter of the audience.
演出在观众的笑声中结束了。
②I’ve set myself to finish the job _____________the month.
我要求自己在月底以前完成这项工作。
came to an end
by the end of
come to an end,by the end of,in the end, end up with
③__________,the contrary was proved true: he was innocent and she was
guilty.
最后证明事实正好相反:他是无辜的,而她则有罪。
④If they take this game lightly,they could ____________egg on their faces.
如果他们轻率地对待这场比赛,他们可能会以出洋相收场。
In the end
end up with
come to an end,by the end of,in the end, end up with
⑤When the sports meeting ______________, everyone felt tired and gained
a lot.
当运动会结束的时候,大家既感到疲惫又收获很大。
⑥_____________________________when the final day of selection was scheduled to a Friday and she became even nervous.
当最后一天的选拔被安排在星期五时,这种新常态戛然而止,她变得有些紧张了。
came to an end
This new normal came to an end
(1)at the end of... 在……尽头;在……末端
by the end of... 　 到……结束时
in the end 最后; 终于
(2)put an end to sth. 结束;终结
make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵,量入为出
(3)end up with... 以……结束
end up doing sth. 以做某事结束
10.sweep away 消灭;彻底消除
【语境速测】
①Hotel staff quickly worked to _________(清扫) the mess.
②Everyone held on to coral or whatever they could to prevent themselves from
________________(被冲走).
③Wintry weather continues to ____________(席卷) Colorado.
sweep up
being swept away
sweep across
④All their advice _______________(被忽视).
⑤A rare storm _____________________yesterday.
昨天一场罕见的暴风雪袭击了该地区。
⑥_____________________over the girl’s mother.
一阵愤怒席卷了女孩的母亲。
was swept aside
swept across the region
A wave of anger swept
sweep up　 打扫;清扫
sweep over/across/around/through 横扫;掠过
sweep aside 无视;置之不理
sweep away 清除;一扫而空
【经典句型】
11.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!(P50)仿佛世界末日即将来临!
【语境速测】
①It seemed as if the police ___________(throw) in the towel and were abandoning the investigation.
②He went out dressed as if he _________(be) going to a dinner party.
had thrown
was/were
③Alberg opened his mouth, as if _________(protest).But he thought better of it.
④(2023·全国乙卷) Indoor plants might _________they just sit around not doing
much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home.
室内植物可能看起来只是无所事事,但在许多方面,它们是家庭的无名英雄。
⑤Tears swirling in his eyes,David raised his head,looked at me _____________
_______________________________________,but lowered his head once
again.
眼泪在眼眶里打转,大卫抬起头,看着我,好像要说什么,但是又垂下了头。
to protest
look as if
as if he would
say something/as if (he was) to say something
⑥It is dark in the woods.It seems as if __________________________________
_____.The more she thinks of this,the more frightened she is.
树林里很黑,似乎每一簇灌木丛后面都有一头凶猛的野兽。她越这样想就
越害怕。
It seemed/seems (to sb.) that/as if...
(对某人来说) 似乎……
there were a fierce beast behind every
bush
(1)如果从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的,从句谓语用陈述语气。
(2)如果从句所陈述的情况是不真实的或极少可能发生的,从句谓语用虚拟语气。
与现在事实相反:did/were
与过去事实相反:had done/had been
与将来事实相反:would/could/...+do
(3)如果as if/though引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同,且含有be动词,可省略从句主语和be动词。
Step 3　跟踪评估·夯基提能
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·浙江1月高考) But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for
my wife _________(rescue) me.
2.(2024·浙江1月高考) Soon Eva began to ________(breath) hard, with her heart
pounding and legs shaking.
3.At least 390 residents have been relocated(迁移) and 110 rescued from
_______ (flood)areas, the radio said.
to rescue
breathe
flooded
4.A few minutes later the bomb went off, __________ (destroy) the vehicle.
5.Without their support, _________(affect) and love, I don’t think we could
have pulled it off.
6.When we believe that reality is limited to only what we see, we become
trapped ____ thinking the only truth is what we see.
7.The eruptions forced the evacuation of thousands of villagers and _________
(damage)thousands of acres of crops _______ (bury) under tons of ashes and
lava flows.
destroying
affection
into
damaged
buried
8.For example, during the 1982 ________ (erupt) of Galunggung in Java, British
Airways Flight 9 flew into the ash cloud, _________(suffer) temporary engine
failure and structural damage.
9.Fortunately, the railway was backed by the _________ (power)minister of Zhili,
Li Hongzhang, and ________(survive).
10.Your responsibility will be to provide and help with functional support
services and support ________(deliver) of ________(effect) and reliable claims
services.
eruption
suffering
powerful
survived
delivery
effective
Ⅱ.完成句子
【短语填空】
1.他从后面走近房子,走进一间敞开的屋子,屋子里几乎所有的墙都成了残
垣断壁。
On approaching the house from the back, he entered an open room, where
nearly all the walls lay ________.
2.他脸上的笑还没有完全消失,但他震惊地睁大了眼睛。
The laughter had not quite died from his face, but his eyes widened ________.
in ruins
in shock
3.希望我有一个小太阳,在阴霾的冬日驱走严寒。
I wish I had a little sun to ____________coldness in the gloomy winter.
4.他们应该优先处理手头上最重要的任务。
They should prioritize and focus on the most important tasks ________.
sweep away
on hand
【句式仿写】
5.Water, food, and electricity were hard to get.
仿写:从高中到大学,短期内很难适应。
Going from senior high school to university ________________________
_______.
6.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
仿写:连日下大雨,好像庄稼要减产了。
It is raining heavily these days. It seems _________________________
________________.
is hard to adjust in a short
period
as if the output of the plants
would be reduced
7.I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling
my home.
仿写:他正在认真写作业,突然听到有人喊:“着火了。”
________________________________________he heard someone shouting:
“Fire! Fire!”
8.However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult
to deliver food and supplies.
仿写:有些游客中心提供电动自行车,这样上山就容易些。
Some tourist centers offer electric bikes, _______________________________.
He was doing his homework attentively when
which makes it easier to go up hills
Ⅲ.语篇填空
(黑体词是本单元核心词汇)
　　At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world were coming to 1.___ end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the
2.______________(powerful) earthquakes of the 20th century had begun.It was
felt in Beijing, 3.______ was more than 150 kilometres away.Nearly one third of
the whole nation felt it! A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty
metres wide 4.____(cut) across houses, roads, and waterways.Steam burst from
holes in the ground.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.In less than one
an
most powerful
which
cut
minute, a large city lay 5.___ ruins.The suffering of the people was extreme.
Two 6.______ (three) of them died or were injured during the earthquake.And
thousands of children were left without parents.The number of people who were
killed or 7._________ (serious) injured reached more than 400,000. 150,000
soldiers were sent to Tangshan to help the rescue workers.They organized teams
8.______(dig) out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.Workers built
shelters for 9._________(survive) whose homes 10.__________________
(destroy).Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
in
thirds
seriously
to dig
survivors
had been destroyed
Ⅳ.单元话题写作|灾害防范
假定你是李华,最近你班开展了一次有关“自然灾害与人类行为的关系”的讨论,请你写一篇文章来表达你的看法。内容包括:
1.现在越来越多的人意识到很多自然灾害都与人类的行为有关;
2.地球是人类唯一的家园,我们要尽力保护它。
注意:
1.词数80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
【连词成句】
1.自然灾害往往是人类对环境的不断破坏造成的。
Natural disasters _______________________________________________
____________ by human beings.
2.工业的发展导致大量有害气体的排放,导致空气质量下降,全球变暖,甚
至酸雨。我们应该防止有害气体的无序排放。
The development of industry causes a large number of harmful gas emissions,
_______________________________, global warming and even acid rain.We
should __________________________________________.
are often caused by the continuous destruction of the
environment
leading to the decline of air quality
prevent the disorderly emission of harmful gases
3.我们应该保护环境,这样才能减少自然灾害的发生。
We should protect the environment,____________________________________
________.
4.只有当人类有了保护环境的意识,我们才能减少自然灾害的发生。
_________________________________________________________________
______________the occurrence of natural disasters.
so as to reduce the occurrence of natural
disasters
Only when human beings have the awareness of protecting the environment
can we reduce
【连句成篇】
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
　Natural disasters are often caused by the continuous destruction of the environment by human beings.
　It is necessary for human beings to protect the forest.The development of industry causes a large number of harmful gas emissions, leading to the decline of air quality, global warming and even acid rain.We should prevent the disorderly emission of harmful gases.
　We should protect the environment,so as to reduce the occurrence of natural disasters.Only when human beings have the awareness of protecting the environment can we reduce the occurrence of natural disasters.Unit 4　Natural Disasters
Step 1　题源研读·入境体验
Atlantic hurricane season is now predicted to be “above-normal”
据预测,大西洋飓风季将“高于正常水平”
　　The Atlantic hurricane season is now projected to have “above-normal level of activity” according to the annual forecast update by scientists at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Earlier in the season, NOAA forecast 12 to 17 named storms.Now the agency projects 14 to 21 storms.The prediction includes tropical storms and hurricanes.About half of those are expected to be full-blown hurricanes. During active years, there’s a doubling in the chance of a hurricane hitting the East Coast of the U.S.compared to an average or below-average season.Even though the agency has boosted its activity prediction, the change from May is not unusual. The main reason scientists expect more activity is that ocean water in areas of the Atlantic Ocean where hurricanes form is abnormally warm right now.It’s expected to stay that way throughout hurricane season, which officially started on June 1 and runs through November. 　　The June and July sea surface temperatures in the main development region of the North Atlantic were the warmest since 1950, at 1.23 degrees centigrade above normal.This is an El Nino year and typically that climate pattern creates wind conditions that disrupt hurricanes.But the warmer water is likely to counterbalance that effect. Federal officials warn people who live in hurricane areas to not focus too much on the total number of storms, because just one storm can cause significant damage.That means making a plan for how to evacuate if a storm is headed your way, getting ready for power off and thinking about how to care for elderly family members, people with disabilities, children and pets. Hurricane risks extend to those who live far from the coast where storms make landfall.Even relatively weak storms can cause dangerous flooding inland, and climate change is making heavy rain from hurricanes more common. —https://www.npr.org/ (同源高考:2024年新高考Ⅱ卷B篇阅读选自该网站)
【名师原创】 1.How many hurricanes are likely to occur according to scientists’ new prediction (B) A.Six to nine.　　　　 B.Seven to ten. C.Twelve to seventeen. D.Fourteen to twenty one. 2.The hurricanes that have occurred are ______. (A) A.normal B.unusual C.more frequent D.more destructive 【长难句分析】 Even though the agency has boosted its activity prediction, the change from May is not unusual. Even though 引导让步状语从句,not unusual 为双重否定结构,“不是不寻常”,也就是正常,并不罕见。
Step 2　核心考点·探究突破
【重点单词】
1.affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动
【语境速测】
①(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect(affect) the whole family.
②However, if you download a program and run it, your computer might be affected with virus.
③While this kind of humour may sound cruel, it usually only works if both the comedian and the audience have an affection(affect) for or admire the person being made fun of.
④But there is a growing resistance to this consumer society which is affecting (affect)the youth of today with their computers, designer clothes and mobile phones.
⑤The warming of the Earth and the consequent climatic changes affect us all.
全球变暖以及随之而来的气候变化影响着我们每个人。
(1)be deeply/greatly affected by...　　被……深深打动
be affected with... 染上……疾病
(2)show/have an affection for... 喜欢……;喜爱……
(3)have an effect/influence on... 对……有影响
【疑难辨析】affect与effect 的区别
(1)含义不同:affect作名词意为“感情;情感;心情”;一般作动词。effect作名词意为“效果;影响;印象;所有物”。
(2)侧重点不同:affect的前缀a- 表示“向上”,affect的主语通常是物而不是人,侧重于表示原因。effect的前缀e-表示“出来”,effect侧重表示结果。
How will these changes affect us
Does television have an effect on children’s behaviour
2.shock n.休克;打击;震惊;令人震惊的事
vt.(使)震惊
【语境速测】
①The survivors lay on the beach, exhausted and shocked(shock).
②Their neighbours were again shocked at the idea that they might be involved in anything unexpected.
③This may be a shock to some, given that temperatures in places reached the mid-60s on Sunday.
④They were shocked(shock) when they saw the Norwegian flag.
⑤Actually, I definitely got some culture shock after several round journeys from the US to China.
事实上,在从美国到中国的几次往返旅行后,我确实受到了一些文化冲击。
⑥Shocked and proud, their mother said in a sweet whisper, “Thanks, my kids.I really appreciate what you have done for me!”
他们的母亲既震惊又自豪,她温柔地低声说:“谢谢你们,孩子们。我真的很感激你们为我所做的一切!”
(1)be shocked to do sth.　做某事很震惊
be shocked at... 对……感到震惊
a shock to... 对……是吃惊的事
(2)electric shock 触电;电休克
shocking adj.令人震惊的
culture shock 文化冲击
3.trap n.险境;陷阱 vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套
【语境速测】
①Rescuers were still working their way toward the trapped (trap)men in the coal mine.
②He felt he had been trapped into accepting the terms of the contract and regretted for that.
③(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps (trap)they encountered that you should avoid.
④When the amount of these gases in the atmosphere increases, more heat is trapped(trap) and the Earth’s temperature rises.
⑤Having been trapped in traffic jams, I was late for work.
因为交通堵塞,我上班迟到了。
⑥Had I not quarreled with Tom, walked away and climbed to the high place, I wouldn’t be trapped in this awful place now, confronted with the danger of dying.
如果我没有和汤姆吵架,走开,爬到高处,我现在就不会被困在这个可怕的地方面临死亡的危险。
(1)be trapped in...　　被困在……中
trap sb.into doing sth. 诱使某人做某事
(2)fall into a trap 落入圈套
set a trap for sb. 给某人设圈套
4.bury vt.埋葬;安葬
【语境速测】
①Our first job here was to try to organize a place to bury (bury)the people who were killed.
②He walked slowly, his hands buried (bury) in his pockets.
③Pliny described a cloud coming down the mountain, blocking out the sun and burying (bury)everything in its path, including whole villages and towns.
④As you know, I am still buried in books at the school you are so familiar with.
如你所知,我还在你所熟悉的那所学校埋头读书。
⑤The young man, who also seemed deeply buried in thought, raised his eyes.
似乎也陷入了沉思的那个年轻人抬起了眼睛。
(1)bury one’s head/face in hands 双手抱头/掩面
(2)be buried in=bury oneself in 专心于
be buried in thought 陷入沉思
5.suffer vt.遭受;蒙受　vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
【语境速测】
①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)But Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering(suffer) so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.
②The country had been at war for over eight months, and he knew that it would suffer (suffer) many great defeats before it would begin to win the war.
③The incident woke memories of his past sufferings(suffering).
④(2024·浙江1月高考)It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer (suffer)as a result.
⑤Many people suffered from the effects of poor nutrition and even starvation because of a lack of food, yet their welfare was of no concern to the taxpayers of London.
许多人因缺乏食物而遭受营养不良甚至饥饿的影响,但他们的福利与伦敦纳税人无关。
⑥While on the job, Jim had suffered a sad event that left him confused about what he was supposed to do with the rest of his life.
在工作期间,吉姆遭遇了一件悲伤的事情,这让他对自己的余生应该做些什么感到困惑。
(1)suffer a lot of pain　遭受巨大的痛苦
suffer severe damage /great losses 损失惨重
suffer from 遭受;患病
suffer defeat 遭受失败
(2) suffering n. (内心或肉体的)痛苦
6.survive vi.生存;存活 vt.幸存;艰难度过
【语境速测】
①This is a unique piece, as posters such as this one were printed on soft paper and very few have survived(survive).
②(2022·全国甲卷)Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK’s touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardiff’s oldest surviving (survive) traditional theatre.
③Hunters willingly pay the stamp price(狩猎印花税费) to ensure the survival(survive) of our natural resources.
④In most cases, a country must learn to live with and survive on its own water resources.
⑤Without the oceans, no living things would survive, humans included.
没有海洋,任何生物都无法生存,包括人类。
⑥I opened the door and surprisingly found an old lady standing in the snowstorm with just a thin coat, clearly not enough to survive the snowstorm.
我打开门,惊奇地发现一个老太太站在暴风雪中,身上只穿了一件薄外套,显然不足以在暴风雪中生存。
(1)survive on　　靠……存活下来
survive sth. 幸免于;从……中活过来
A survive B (by+时间) A比B活得长(……)
(2)survival n. 存活,幸存
(3)survivor n.幸存者,生还者
7.damage n.损坏;损失 vt.损害;破坏
【语境速测】
①First I am talking to you today about the vast areas of the world are damaged (damage)by chemical waste.
②One of the mechanics took off the damaged (damage)tyre, and took it back to the station to be patched.
③The landscape has been completely altered, severely damaging(damage) wildlife.
④This costs countries a lot of money and causes great damage to the welfare of the people.
⑤Finally, we have to get rid of those bad habits that damage our health, such as drinking and smoking.
最后,我们必须摆脱那些损害我们健康的坏习惯,如饮酒和吸烟。
⑥Faced up with her own car, whose windows had been seriously damaged, Fiona called for rescue and waited for help.
面对自己的车窗严重受损的汽车,菲奥娜打电话求救,等待救援。
do/cause damage to　　对……造成危害
prevent/avoid damage 阻止/避免损害
physical damage 身体损害
damage one’s health 损害某人的健康
8.strike vi.& vt.侵袭;突击;击打n.罢工;罢课;袭击
【语境速测】
①He fell, striking his head on the edge of the table. 碰撞
②The clock struck six just as I arrived. 报时
③What struck me most about the book was how little the investment industry had changed. 对……产生印象
④(有道词典)It strikes me that I forgot to hand in my homework, which makes me very anxious. 突然想起
⑤(柯林斯词典)Shortly after the workers went on strike, police began to mass at the shipyard. 罢工
(1)be struck with/by　　为……所袭击(感动)
It strikes sb.that... 某人突然想到……
(2)strike...into one’s heart 使……刻骨铭心
(3)be on strike 在罢工
go on strike 举行罢工
【核心短语】
9.come to an end 结束
【语境速测】
come to an end,by the end of,in the end, end up with
①The show came to an end in the laughter of the audience.
演出在观众的笑声中结束了。
②I’ve set myself to finish the job by the end of the month.
我要求自己在月底以前完成这项工作。
③In the end,the contrary was proved true: he was innocent and she was guilty.
最后证明事实正好相反:他是无辜的,而她则有罪。
④If they take this game lightly,they could end up with egg on their faces.
如果他们轻率地对待这场比赛,他们可能会以出洋相收场。
⑤When the sports meeting came to an end, everyone felt tired and gained a lot.
当运动会结束的时候,大家既感到疲惫又收获很大。
⑥This new normal came to an end when the final day of selection was scheduled to a Friday and she became even nervous.
当最后一天的选拔被安排在星期五时,这种新常态戛然而止,她变得有些紧张了。
(1)at the end of... 在……尽头;在……末端
by the end of... 　到……结束时
in the end 最后; 终于
(2)put an end to sth. 结束;终结
make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵,量入为出
(3)end up with... 以……结束
end up doing sth. 以做某事结束
10.sweep away 消灭;彻底消除
【语境速测】
①Hotel staff quickly worked to sweep up(清扫) the mess.
②Everyone held on to coral or whatever they could to prevent themselves from being swept away(被冲走).
③Wintry weather continues to sweep across(席卷) Colorado.
④All their advice was swept aside(被忽视).
⑤A rare storm swept across the region yesterday.
昨天一场罕见的暴风雪袭击了该地区。
⑥A wave of anger swept over the girl’s mother.
一阵愤怒席卷了女孩的母亲。
sweep up　打扫;清扫
sweep over/across/around/through 横扫;掠过
sweep aside 无视;置之不理
sweep away 清除;一扫而空
【经典句型】
11.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!(P50)仿佛世界末日即将来临!
【语境速测】
①It seemed as if the police had thrown(throw) in the towel and were abandoning the investigation.
②He went out dressed as if he was/were (be) going to a dinner party.
③Alberg opened his mouth, as if to protest(protest).But he thought better of it.
④(2023·全国乙卷) Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home.
室内植物可能看起来只是无所事事,但在许多方面,它们是家庭的无名英雄。
⑤Tears swirling in his eyes,David raised his head,looked at me as if he would say something/as if (he was) to say something,but lowered his head once again.
眼泪在眼眶里打转,大卫抬起头,看着我,好像要说什么,但是又垂下了头。
⑥It is dark in the woods.It seems as if there were a fierce beast behind every bush.The more she thinks of this,the more frightened she is.
树林里很黑,似乎每一簇灌木丛后面都有一头凶猛的野兽。她越这样想就越害怕。
It seemed/seems (to sb.) that/as if...
(对某人来说) 似乎……
(1)如果从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的,从句谓语用陈述语气。
(2)如果从句所陈述的情况是不真实的或极少可能发生的,从句谓语用虚拟语气。
与现在事实相反:did/were
与过去事实相反:had done/had been
与将来事实相反:would/could/...+do
(3)如果as if/though引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同,且含有be动词,可省略从句主语和be动词。
Step 3　跟踪评估·夯基提能
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·浙江1月高考) But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my wife to rescue (rescue) me.
2.(2024·浙江1月高考) Soon Eva began to breathe(breath) hard, with her heart pounding and legs shaking.
3.At least 390 residents have been relocated(迁移) and 110 rescued from flooded (flood)areas, the radio said.
4.A few minutes later the bomb went off, destroying (destroy) the vehicle.
5.Without their support, affection(affect) and love, I don’t think we could have pulled it off.
6.When we believe that reality is limited to only what we see, we become trapped into thinking the only truth is what we see.
7.The eruptions forced the evacuation of thousands of villagers and damaged (damage)thousands of acres of crops buried (bury) under tons of ashes and lava flows.
8.For example, during the 1982 eruption (erupt) of Galunggung in Java, British Airways Flight 9 flew into the ash cloud, suffering(suffer) temporary engine failure and structural damage.
9.Fortunately, the railway was backed by the powerful (power)minister of Zhili, Li Hongzhang, and survived(survive).
10.Your responsibility will be to provide and help with functional support services and support delivery(deliver) of effective(effect) and reliable claims services.
Ⅱ.完成句子
【短语填空】
1.他从后面走近房子,走进一间敞开的屋子,屋子里几乎所有的墙都成了残垣断壁。
On approaching the house from the back, he entered an open room, where nearly all the walls lay in ruins.
2.他脸上的笑还没有完全消失,但他震惊地睁大了眼睛。
The laughter had not quite died from his face, but his eyes widened in shock.
3.希望我有一个小太阳,在阴霾的冬日驱走严寒。
I wish I had a little sun to sweep away coldness in the gloomy winter.
4.他们应该优先处理手头上最重要的任务。
They should prioritize and focus on the most important tasks on hand.
【句式仿写】
5.Water, food, and electricity were hard to get.
仿写:从高中到大学,短期内很难适应。
Going from senior high school to university is hard to adjust in a short period.
6.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
仿写:连日下大雨,好像庄稼要减产了。
It is raining heavily these days. It seems as if the output of the plants would be reduced.
7.I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.
仿写:他正在认真写作业,突然听到有人喊:“着火了。”
He was doing his homework attentively when he heard someone shouting: “Fire! Fire!”
8.However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.
仿写:有些游客中心提供电动自行车,这样上山就容易些。
Some tourist centers offer electric bikes, which makes it easier to go up hills.
Ⅲ.语篇填空
(黑体词是本单元核心词汇)
At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world were coming to 1.an end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the 2.most powerful (powerful) earthquakes of the 20th century had begun.It was felt in Beijing, 3.which was more than 150 kilometres away.Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide 4.cut(cut) across houses, roads, and waterways.Steam burst from holes in the ground.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.In less than one minute, a large city lay 5.in ruins.The suffering of the people was extreme.Two 6.thirds (three) of them died or were injured during the earthquake.And thousands of children were left without parents.The number of people who were killed or 7.seriously (serious) injured reached more than 400,000. 150,000 soldiers were sent to Tangshan to help the rescue workers.They organized teams 8.to dig (dig) out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.Workers built shelters for 9.survivors(survive) whose homes 10.had been destroyed (destroy).Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
Ⅳ.单元话题写作|灾害防范
假定你是李华,最近你班开展了一次有关“自然灾害与人类行为的关系”的讨论,请你写一篇文章来表达你的看法。内容包括:
1.现在越来越多的人意识到很多自然灾害都与人类的行为有关;
2.地球是人类唯一的家园,我们要尽力保护它。
注意:
1.词数80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
【连词成句】
1.自然灾害往往是人类对环境的不断破坏造成的。
Natural disasters are often caused by the continuous destruction of the environment by human beings.
2.工业的发展导致大量有害气体的排放,导致空气质量下降,全球变暖,甚至酸雨。我们应该防止有害气体的无序排放。
The development of industry causes a large number of harmful gas emissions,leading to the decline of air quality, global warming and even acid rain.We should prevent the disorderly emission of harmful gases.
3.我们应该保护环境,这样才能减少自然灾害的发生。
We should protect the environment,so as to reduce the occurrence of natural disasters.
4.只有当人类有了保护环境的意识,我们才能减少自然灾害的发生。
Only when human beings have the awareness of protecting the environment can we reduce the occurrence of natural disasters.
【连句成篇】
____________________________________________________________________
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【参考范文】
Natural disasters are often caused by the continuous destruction of the environment by human beings.
It is necessary for human beings to protect the forest.The development of industry causes a large number of harmful gas emissions, leading to the decline of air quality, global warming and even acid rain.We should prevent the disorderly emission of harmful gases.
We should protect the environment,so as to reduce the occurrence of natural disasters.Only when human beings have the awareness of protecting the environment can we reduce the occurrence of natural disasters.
- 18 -(共49张PPT)
课时跟踪训练 Unit 4　Natural Disasters
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分20分)
A
(2026·绍兴模拟)
　The number of people living in urban areas has tripled(三倍) in the last 50 years.If a major natural disaster hits a city, more lives are in danger.Meanwhile, extreme weather events are becoming stronger and more frequent than ever due to climate change.How can we deal with this growing threat
　Luckily, AI is stepping up to help.Its applications in tackling various risks are already making a difference.In October 2024, experts used AI models to accurately predict where Hurricane Milton would land.AI is also being used to warn the public more efficiently.The U.S.National Weather Service has partnered with AI translation firm Lilt to help deliver forecasts in Spanish and Chinese.This could shorten the time to translate a warning from an hour to just ten minutes.
　Machine learning techniques have been applied to weather forecasting models for years.But recent advances have improved the accuracy and speed of forecasting.Traditional models, which rely on complex equations to simulate interactions between water and air in the atmosphere, require supercomputers.As a result, they can take hours to generate a single forecast.By contrast, AI weather models learn to spot patterns by training on decades of climate data.This data can be easily gathered from satellites and ground sensors and shared by governments.
　However, AI models are only as good as the data they are trained on, which can be a problem in some places.Poorer regions, often at the greatest risk of climate disasters, typically have fewer weather sensors.The ones they do have are often poorly maintained, creating gaps in climate data.AI systems trained on this skewed(有偏差的) data can be less accurate and negatively affect forecasts.In addition, unlike physics-based models, which follow set rules, AI models become more and more complex.As they advance, these models increasingly operate as “black boxes”, where the path from input to output becomes less transparent(透明的).
【语篇属性】
语篇类型 说明文 主题语境 人与社会
语篇内容 文章主要讲述了AI在应对城市自然灾害威胁方面的应用、优势以及面临的挑战
语篇结构 Para.1 Urban population growth increases disaster risk.
Para.2 AI helps predict and warn about natural disasters.
Para.3 AI improves weather forecasting accuracy and speed.
Para.4 Data quality and complexity limit AI’s effectiveness.
1.What is causing the growing threats from natural disasters in cities
A.Outdated weather models in cities.
B.Low disaster risk awareness in cities.
C.Urban growth raises disaster risks.
D.Climate change reduces extreme weather in cities.
√
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:causing the growing threats
定信息 在原文中定位关键词,确定答题关键句为第一段“The number of people living in urban areas has tripled in the last 50 years.If a major natural disaster hits a city, more lives are in danger.Meanwhile, extreme weather events are becoming stronger and more frequent than ever due to climate change.”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A Outdated weather models in cities. 偷换概念 考查对第一段内容的细节理解
B Low disaster risk awareness in cities. 无中生有
C Urban growth raises disaster risks. 根据锁定答题关键句信息得出结果
D Climate change reduces extreme weather in cities. 无中生有
分析:选C。第一段提到,城市地区人口是过去50年城市地区人口的三倍,如果城市遭受重大自然灾害,更多生命将处于危险之中。同时,由于气候变化,极端天气事件变得更加强烈和频繁。选项C准确地概括了城市人口增长导致灾害风险增加这一原因
2.What does Paragraph 2 mainly focus on
A.Government efforts in disaster relief.
B.Limitations of traditional weather forecasts.
C.Economic impact of disasters on urban areas.
D.AI’s role in improving disaster preparedness.
√
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:Paragraph 2
定信息 在原文中定位关键词,确定答题关键句为第二段“Luckily, AI is stepping up to help.Its applications in tackling various risks are already making a difference.”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A Government efforts in disaster relief. 曲解文意 考查对第二段内容的概括分析推断能力
B Limitations of traditional weather forecasts. 无中生有
C Economic impact of disasters on urban areas. 无中生有
D AI’s role in improving disaster preparedness. 根据锁定答题关键句信息得出结果
分析:选D。第二段主要讨论了AI在应对各种灾害中的应用,包括准确预测飓风登陆位置和更高效地向公众发出警告。选项D准确地概括了AI在提高灾害准备能力方面的作用
3.How do AI forecasting models outperform traditional models
A.AI learns from past data to predict more quickly.
B.AI is more transparent than physics-based models.
C.AI relies on more supercomputers for faster results.
D.AI needs no satellite data, using only ground sensors.
√
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:How; outperform traditional models
定信息 在原文中定位关键词,确定答题关键句为第三段“But recent advances have improved the accuracy and speed of forecasting.”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A AI learns from past data to predict more quickly. 根据锁定答题关键句信息得出结果 考查对第三段内容的细节理解
B AI is more transparent than physics-based models. 无中生有
C AI relies on more supercomputers for faster results. 无中生有
D AI needs no satellite data, using only ground sensors. 无中生有
分析:选A。第三段提到,AI天气模型通过训练学习过去的气候数据来识别模式,从而更快地进行预测。与传统模型相比,AI模型不需要超级计算机,且能更快地生成预测。选项A准确地描述了AI模型如何通过学习过去的数据来更快地进行预测
4.What is the author’s overall attitude toward AI’s role in disaster response
A.Critical of its complexity.
B.Optimistic despite challenges.
C.Uncertain of its effectiveness.
D.Skeptical due to data limitations.
√
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:author’s overall attitude toward AI’s role
定信息 在原文中定位关键词,确定答题关键句为第二、三、四段首句
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A Critical of its complexity. 曲解文意 考查对文章整体内容的理解和作者态度的把握
B Optimistic despite challenges. 根据锁定答题关键句信息得出结果
C Uncertain of its effectiveness. 无中生有
D Skeptical due to data limitations. 无中生有
分析:选B。文章虽然提到了AI在灾害响应中的应用和优势,但也指出了数据质量和模型复杂性等问题。尽管存在挑战,作者仍然对AI在灾害响应中的作用持乐观态度。选项B准确地描述了作者的这种态度
B
(2026·威海模拟)
　The fires went on for three days continuously in the summer of 2021, burning over 13,000 hectares of western Sardinia(撒丁岛).Mr Poddi, a forestry expert, warns such fires are bound to become more common and intense in a warming world.So, the island is preparing.
　As part of the preparations, Mr Poddi’s team has installed 20 fire-detection sensors in the Santu Lussurgiu forest.
　These sensors, which hang from branches three to four metres off the ground, collect comprehensive information, including gases, temperature, humidity(湿气), and air pressure.These data are then analyzed by AI models.If anything unusual is spotted, emergency services are alerted.
　Until now, fire detection on Sardinia has relied on human sight.But usually, the fire is noticed only once it has started to spread.The sensors work more like a sense of smell, identifying the chemicals in the air caused by hidden fires before flames and smoke are visible.This allows firefighters to step in before the blaze is too large to control and to have a clearer sense of where to tackle it.
　The sensors are designed to be installed every few hundred metres in high-risk fire zones.This deployment(部署) can make sensors much cheaper than alternative wildfire suppression methods.Once installed, the sensors can last for up to 15 years and can be updated remotely.
　Given the differences in environments, AI models must be tailored to regional characteristics.A system for Italy may not work in Canada.Mr Poddi says the ultimate test for Sardinia will be if the sensor networks can be deployed with equal effectiveness along the pine forests near the island’s beaches.These environments are very different from those in Santu Lussurgiu.
　To truly enhance early fire detection, sensor networks will need to be installed on a large scale.Even so, their real impact will depend on how well they are integrated with other existing firefighting measures, from mapping and data-analysis tools to the ability to promptly deploy firefighters.Moreover, the risk of time-wasting false alarms from such sensitive systems is very real.Overcoming such challenges will bring significant rewards.All the various technologies can and should work together to build a strong solution.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了撒丁岛为应对日益频繁和猛烈的火灾所作的准备,重点介绍了新安装的火灾探测传感器及其工作原理、优势以及面临的挑战。
5.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A.The data collected by sensors.
B.The working principles of the sensors.
C.The role of AI models in fire detection.
D.The fire prevention measures on the island.
√
【解析】选B。段落大意题。根据第三段“These sensors, which hang from branches three to four metres off the ground, collect comprehensive information, including gases, temperature, humidity, and air pressure.These data are then analyzed by AI models.If anything unusual is spotted, emergency services are alerted.(这些传感器挂在离地面三四米高的树枝上,收集包括气体、温度、湿度和气压在内的全面信息。然后,人工智能模型对这些数据进行分析。如果发现任何异常情况,就会向紧急服务部门发出警报)”可知,第三段主要讲述了传感器如何收集信息、数据如何被分析以及异常情况如何被检测和报警,即传感器的工作原理。故选B。
6.What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A.Detecting hidden fires.
B.Relying on human sight.
C.Spreading chemicals in the air.
D.Spotting flames and smoke.
√
【解析】选A。词句猜测题。根据第四段“The sensors work more like a sense of smell, identifying the chemicals in the air caused by hidden fires before flames and smoke are visible.This allows firefighters to step in before the blaze is too large to control and to have a clearer sense of where to tackle it.(传感器的工作原理更像“嗅觉”,能在火焰和烟雾可见之前,识别隐藏火灾在空气中释放的化学物质。这使得消防员可以在火势大到无法控制之前介入,并更清楚地知道在哪里解决问题)”可知,“This” 指代前文中传感器“识别隐藏火灾释放的化学物质”这一行为,即“探测隐藏火灾”。故选A。
7.Why are the pine forests mentioned in Paragraph 6
A.To compare coastal and inland fire risks.
B.To show the flexibility of the sensor networks.
C.To highlight the widespread use of the sensors.
D.To prove the need for region-specific solutions.
√
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第六段“Given the differences in environments, AI models must be tailored to regional characteristics.A system for Italy may not work in Canada.Mr Poddi says the ultimate test for Sardinia will be if the sensor networks can be deployed with equal effectiveness along the pine forests near the island’s beaches.These environments are very different from those in Santu Lussurgiu.(考虑到环境的差异,人工智能模型必须根据地区特点进行调整。适用于意大利的系统在加拿大可能行不通。波迪先生说,
撒丁岛的最终考验将是传感器网络能否在岛屿海滩附近的松树林中同样有效地部署。这些环境与圣卢苏尔朱的环境大不相同)”可推知,提到松树林是为了说明不同地区的环境差异很大,因此需要针对特定地区定制解决方案。故选D。
8.How does the author view the future sensors
A.They can make great profits.
B.Their sensitivity needs to get improved.
C.They must work with existing measures.
D.They will replace conventional methods.
√
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段“Even so, their real impact will depend on how well they are integrated with other existing firefighting measures, from mapping and data-analysis tools to the ability to promptly deploy firefighters.(即便如此,它们的实际影响将取决于它们与其他现有消防措施的整合程度,从绘图和数据分析工具到迅速部署消防员的能力)”可推知,作者认为传感器的未来取决于它们如何与其他现有的消防措施整合,即它们必须与现有措施配合使用。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
(2026·辽宁模拟)
　Wildfire smoke from Canadian wildfires has spread across the eastern and midwestern US, causing New York City to experience some of the worst air quality in the world—conditions comparable to smoking a pack of cigarettes daily.　9　
　When air pollution is severe, everyone is at risk, particularly those with lung diseases like asthma.Wildfire smoke causes sore throats and headaches which contains fine particulate matter(PM2.5) entering the lungs, leading to serious health problems.　10　 They might suffer from strokes and heart attacks.Children, especially those under five, are also highly sensitive due to their faster breathing rates and smaller airways.
　　11　 If the air is unhealthy, staying indoors with doors and windows closed is advisable.Blocking air leaks under doors with a rolled-up towel and using an air purifier can further improve indoor air quality.　12　 Drinking plenty of water helps keep the eyes, nose, and throat moist, while avoiding outdoor exercise during poor air quality prevents harmful particles.
　If going outside is unavoidable, wearing a high-quality mask like an N95 or KN95, which can filter out 95% of smoke particles when fitted properly, is essential.　13　 If you have none of them, remember to cover both the nose and mouth, for it is better than not.
　In summary, wildfire smoke poses significant health risks.By monitoring air quality, staying indoors, improving indoor air quality, and wearing protective masks, we can effectively reduce the impact on our health.
A.People with heart disease are also at risk.
B.Cloth masks offer some protection but are less effective.
C.Avoid activities that worsen indoor air quality, such as using gas stoves.
D.To protect ourselves from air pollution, it is crucial to monitor air quality.
E.So what’s the best way to minimize exposure to dangerous air pollution
F.Such high levels of air pollution pose serious health risks, even short-term.
G.Just like with infectious diseases, the best mask is a high-quality and well-fitting one.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了加拿大野火产生的烟雾扩散到美国东部和中西部,导致纽约市空气质量恶化,介绍了这种空气污染对不同人群的健康危害以及相应的防护措施。
9.【解析】选F。根据上文“Wildfire smoke from Canadian wildfires has spread across the eastern and midwestern US, causing New York City to experience some of the worst air quality in the world—conditions comparable to smoking a pack of cigarettes daily.) 加拿大野火产生的烟雾已经蔓延到美国东部和中西部,导致纽约市经历了世界上最糟糕的空气质量——这种状况相当于每天抽一包烟。)”提到加拿大野火的烟雾致使纽约市空气质量差,条件堪比每天抽一包烟。F选项“Such high levels of air pollution pose serious health risks, even short-term.”(如此高水平的空气污染即使在短期内也会带来严重的健康风险)承接上文,进一步说明这种高污染水平的危害,符合语境。故选F。
10.【解析】选A。根据后文“They might suffer from strokes and heart attacks.”(他们可能会患中风和心脏病发作。)可知,这里说的是有某种疾病的人会面临的风险。A选项“People with heart disease are also at risk.(有心脏病的人也处于危险之中。)”符合语境,“heart disease”与后文的 “heart attacks”相对应。故选A。
11.【解析】选D。根据下文“If the air is unhealthy, staying indoors with doors and windows closed is advisable.Blocking air leaks under doors with a rolled-up towel and using an air purifier can further improve indoor air quality.(如果空气不健康,建议待在室内,关闭门窗。用卷起来的毛巾和空气净化器堵住门下的漏风,可以进一步改善室内空气质量。)”可知,本段主要讲述如何减少室内空气污染。D选项“To protect ourselves from air pollution, it is crucial to monitor air quality.(为了保护我们免受空气污染,监测空气质量是至关重要的。)”和该段意思主旨一致,上下文紧密连接。故选D。
12.【解析】选C。根据上文“If the air is unhealthy, staying indoors with doors and windows closed is advisable.Blocking air leaks under doors with a rolled-up towel and using an air purifier can further improve indoor air quality.(如果空气不健康,建议待在室内,关闭门窗。用卷起来的毛巾和空气净化器堵住门下的漏风,可以进一步改善室内空气质量。)”提到了待在室内的一些措施,如关闭门窗、用毛巾堵住门缝、使用空气净化器等。C选项“Avoid activities that worsen indoor air quality, such as using gas stoves.(避免进行会恶化室内空气质量的活动,例如使用煤气灶。)”也是关于改善室内空气质量的措施,与前文内容相关。故选C。
13.【解析】选B。根据上文“If going outside is unavoidable, wearing a high-quality mask like an N95 or KN95, which can filter out 95% of smoke particles when fitted properly, is essential.(如果外出不可避免,戴上N95或KN95等高质量的口罩是必不可少的,如果佩戴得当,可以过滤掉95%的烟雾颗粒。)”提到如果必须外出,戴高质量的口罩(如 N95 或 KN95)很重要,后文提到如果没有这些口罩,记得遮住口鼻。B选项“Cloth masks offer some protection but are less effective.(布口罩提供一些保护,但效果较差。)”在高质量口罩和没有口罩的情况之间起到过渡作用,符合语境。故选B。课时跟踪训练 Unit 4　Natural Disasters
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分20分)
A
(2026·绍兴模拟)
The number of people living in urban areas has tripled(三倍) in the last 50 years.If a major natural disaster hits a city, more lives are in danger.Meanwhile, extreme weather events are becoming stronger and more frequent than ever due to climate change.How can we deal with this growing threat
Luckily, AI is stepping up to help.Its applications in tackling various risks are already making a difference.In October 2024, experts used AI models to accurately predict where Hurricane Milton would land.AI is also being used to warn the public more efficiently.The U.S.National Weather Service has partnered with AI translation firm Lilt to help deliver forecasts in Spanish and Chinese.This could shorten the time to translate a warning from an hour to just ten minutes.
Machine learning techniques have been applied to weather forecasting models for years.But recent advances have improved the accuracy and speed of forecasting.Traditional models, which rely on complex equations to simulate interactions between water and air in the atmosphere, require supercomputers.As a result, they can take hours to generate a single forecast.By contrast, AI weather models learn to spot patterns by training on decades of climate data.This data can be easily gathered from satellites and ground sensors and shared by governments.
However, AI models are only as good as the data they are trained on, which can be a problem in some places.Poorer regions, often at the greatest risk of climate disasters, typically have fewer weather sensors.The ones they do have are often poorly maintained, creating gaps in climate data.AI systems trained on this skewed(有偏差的) data can be less accurate and negatively affect forecasts.In addition, unlike physics-based models, which follow set rules, AI models become more and more complex.As they advance, these models increasingly operate as “black boxes”, where the path from input to output becomes less transparent(透明的).
【语篇属性】
语篇类型 说明文 主题语境 人与社会
语篇内容 文章主要讲述了AI在应对城市自然灾害威胁方面的应用、优势以及面临的挑战
语篇结构 Para.1 Urban population growth increases disaster risk.
Para.2 AI helps predict and warn about natural disasters.
Para.3 AI improves weather forecasting accuracy and speed.
Para.4 Data quality and complexity limit AI’s effectiveness.
1.What is causing the growing threats from natural disasters in cities
A.Outdated weather models in cities.
B.Low disaster risk awareness in cities.
C.Urban growth raises disaster risks.
D.Climate change reduces extreme weather in cities.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:causing the growing threats
定信息 在原文中定位关键词,确定答题关键句为第一段“The number of people living in urban areas has tripled in the last 50 years.If a major natural disaster hits a city, more lives are in danger.Meanwhile, extreme weather events are becoming stronger and more frequent than ever due to climate change.”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A Outdated weather models in cities. 偷换概念 考查对第一段内容的细节理解
B Low disaster risk awareness in cities. 无中生有
C Urban growth raises disaster risks. 根据锁定答题关键句信息得出结果
D Climate change reduces extreme weather in cities. 无中生有
分析:选C。第一段提到,城市地区人口是过去50年城市地区人口的三倍,如果城市遭受重大自然灾害,更多生命将处于危险之中。同时,由于气候变化,极端天气事件变得更加强烈和频繁。选项C准确地概括了城市人口增长导致灾害风险增加这一原因
2.What does Paragraph 2 mainly focus on
A.Government efforts in disaster relief.
B.Limitations of traditional weather forecasts.
C.Economic impact of disasters on urban areas.
D.AI’s role in improving disaster preparedness.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:Paragraph 2
定信息 在原文中定位关键词,确定答题关键句为第二段“Luckily, AI is stepping up to help.Its applications in tackling various risks are already making a difference.”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A Government efforts in disaster relief. 曲解文意 考查对第二段内容的概括分析推断能力
B Limitations of traditional weather forecasts. 无中生有
C Economic impact of disasters on urban areas. 无中生有
D AI’s role in improving disaster preparedness. 根据锁定答题关键句信息得出结果
分析:选D。第二段主要讨论了AI在应对各种灾害中的应用,包括准确预测飓风登陆位置和更高效地向公众发出警告。选项D准确地概括了AI在提高灾害准备能力方面的作用
3.How do AI forecasting models outperform traditional models
A.AI learns from past data to predict more quickly.
B.AI is more transparent than physics-based models.
C.AI relies on more supercomputers for faster results.
D.AI needs no satellite data, using only ground sensors.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:How; outperform traditional models
定信息 在原文中定位关键词,确定答题关键句为第三段“But recent advances have improved the accuracy and speed of forecasting.”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A AI learns from past data to predict more quickly. 根据锁定答题关键句信息得出结果 考查对第三段内容的细节理解
B AI is more transparent than physics-based models. 无中生有
C AI relies on more supercomputers for faster results. 无中生有
D AI needs no satellite data, using only ground sensors. 无中生有
分析:选A。第三段提到,AI天气模型通过训练学习过去的气候数据来识别模式,从而更快地进行预测。与传统模型相比,AI模型不需要超级计算机,且能更快地生成预测。选项A准确地描述了AI模型如何通过学习过去的数据来更快地进行预测
4.What is the author’s overall attitude toward AI’s role in disaster response
A.Critical of its complexity.
B.Optimistic despite challenges.
C.Uncertain of its effectiveness.
D.Skeptical due to data limitations.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:author’s overall attitude toward AI’s role
定信息 在原文中定位关键词,确定答题关键句为第二、三、四段首句
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A Critical of its complexity. 曲解文意 考查对文章整体内容的理解和作者态度的把握
B Optimistic despite challenges. 根据锁定答题关键句信息得出结果
C Uncertain of its effectiveness. 无中生有
D Skeptical due to data limitations. 无中生有
分析:选B。文章虽然提到了AI在灾害响应中的应用和优势,但也指出了数据质量和模型复杂性等问题。尽管存在挑战,作者仍然对AI在灾害响应中的作用持乐观态度。选项B准确地描述了作者的这种态度
B
(2026·威海模拟)
The fires went on for three days continuously in the summer of 2021, burning over 13,000 hectares of western Sardinia(撒丁岛).Mr Poddi, a forestry expert, warns such fires are bound to become more common and intense in a warming world.So, the island is preparing.
As part of the preparations, Mr Poddi’s team has installed 20 fire-detection sensors in the Santu Lussurgiu forest.
These sensors, which hang from branches three to four metres off the ground, collect comprehensive information, including gases, temperature, humidity(湿气), and air pressure.These data are then analyzed by AI models.If anything unusual is spotted, emergency services are alerted.
Until now, fire detection on Sardinia has relied on human sight.But usually, the fire is noticed only once it has started to spread.The sensors work more like a sense of smell, identifying the chemicals in the air caused by hidden fires before flames and smoke are visible.This allows firefighters to step in before the blaze is too large to control and to have a clearer sense of where to tackle it.
The sensors are designed to be installed every few hundred metres in high-risk fire zones.This deployment(部署) can make sensors much cheaper than alternative wildfire suppression methods.Once installed, the sensors can last for up to 15 years and can be updated remotely.
Given the differences in environments, AI models must be tailored to regional characteristics.A system for Italy may not work in Canada.Mr Poddi says the ultimate test for Sardinia will be if the sensor networks can be deployed with equal effectiveness along the pine forests near the island’s beaches.These environments are very different from those in Santu Lussurgiu.
To truly enhance early fire detection, sensor networks will need to be installed on a large scale.Even so, their real impact will depend on how well they are integrated with other existing firefighting measures, from mapping and data-analysis tools to the ability to promptly deploy firefighters.Moreover, the risk of time-wasting false alarms from such sensitive systems is very real.Overcoming such challenges will bring significant rewards.All the various technologies can and should work together to build a strong solution.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了撒丁岛为应对日益频繁和猛烈的火灾所作的准备,重点介绍了新安装的火灾探测传感器及其工作原理、优势以及面临的挑战。
5.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A.The data collected by sensors.
B.The working principles of the sensors.
C.The role of AI models in fire detection.
D.The fire prevention measures on the island.
【解析】选B。段落大意题。根据第三段“These sensors, which hang from branches three to four metres off the ground, collect comprehensive information, including gases, temperature, humidity, and air pressure.These data are then analyzed by AI models.If anything unusual is spotted, emergency services are alerted.(这些传感器挂在离地面三四米高的树枝上,收集包括气体、温度、湿度和气压在内的全面信息。然后,人工智能模型对这些数据进行分析。如果发现任何异常情况,就会向紧急服务部门发出警报)”可知,第三段主要讲述了传感器如何收集信息、数据如何被分析以及异常情况如何被检测和报警,即传感器的工作原理。故选B。
6.What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A.Detecting hidden fires.
B.Relying on human sight.
C.Spreading chemicals in the air.
D.Spotting flames and smoke.
【解析】选A。词句猜测题。根据第四段“The sensors work more like a sense of smell, identifying the chemicals in the air caused by hidden fires before flames and smoke are visible.This allows firefighters to step in before the blaze is too large to control and to have a clearer sense of where to tackle it.(传感器的工作原理更像“嗅觉”,能在火焰和烟雾可见之前,识别隐藏火灾在空气中释放的化学物质。这使得消防员可以在火势大到无法控制之前介入,并更清楚地知道在哪里解决问题)”可知,“This” 指代前文中传感器“识别隐藏火灾释放的化学物质”这一行为,即“探测隐藏火灾”。故选A。
7.Why are the pine forests mentioned in Paragraph 6
A.To compare coastal and inland fire risks.
B.To show the flexibility of the sensor networks.
C.To highlight the widespread use of the sensors.
D.To prove the need for region-specific solutions.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第六段“Given the differences in environments, AI models must be tailored to regional characteristics.A system for Italy may not work in Canada.Mr Poddi says the ultimate test for Sardinia will be if the sensor networks can be deployed with equal effectiveness along the pine forests near the island’s beaches.These environments are very different from those in Santu Lussurgiu.(考虑到环境的差异,人工智能模型必须根据地区特点进行调整。适用于意大利的系统在加拿大可能行不通。波迪先生说,撒丁岛的最终考验将是传感器网络能否在岛屿海滩附近的松树林中同样有效地部署。这些环境与圣卢苏尔朱的环境大不相同)”可推知,提到松树林是为了说明不同地区的环境差异很大,因此需要针对特定地区定制解决方案。故选D。
8.How does the author view the future sensors
A.They can make great profits.
B.Their sensitivity needs to get improved.
C.They must work with existing measures.
D.They will replace conventional methods.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段“Even so, their real impact will depend on how well they are integrated with other existing firefighting measures, from mapping and data-analysis tools to the ability to promptly deploy firefighters.(即便如此,它们的实际影响将取决于它们与其他现有消防措施的整合程度,从绘图和数据分析工具到迅速部署消防员的能力)”可推知,作者认为传感器的未来取决于它们如何与其他现有的消防措施整合,即它们必须与现有措施配合使用。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
(2026·辽宁模拟)
Wildfire smoke from Canadian wildfires has spread across the eastern and midwestern US, causing New York City to experience some of the worst air quality in the world—conditions comparable to smoking a pack of cigarettes daily.　9　
When air pollution is severe, everyone is at risk, particularly those with lung diseases like asthma.Wildfire smoke causes sore throats and headaches which contains fine particulate matter(PM2.5) entering the lungs, leading to serious health problems.　10　 They might suffer from strokes and heart attacks.Children, especially those under five, are also highly sensitive due to their faster breathing rates and smaller airways.
　11　 If the air is unhealthy, staying indoors with doors and windows closed is advisable.Blocking air leaks under doors with a rolled-up towel and using an air purifier can further improve indoor air quality.　12　 Drinking plenty of water helps keep the eyes, nose, and throat moist, while avoiding outdoor exercise during poor air quality prevents harmful particles.
If going outside is unavoidable, wearing a high-quality mask like an N95 or KN95, which can filter out 95% of smoke particles when fitted properly, is essential.　13　 If you have none of them, remember to cover both the nose and mouth, for it is better than not.
In summary, wildfire smoke poses significant health risks.By monitoring air quality, staying indoors, improving indoor air quality, and wearing protective masks, we can effectively reduce the impact on our health.
A.People with heart disease are also at risk.
B.Cloth masks offer some protection but are less effective.
C.Avoid activities that worsen indoor air quality, such as using gas stoves.
D.To protect ourselves from air pollution, it is crucial to monitor air quality.
E.So what’s the best way to minimize exposure to dangerous air pollution
F.Such high levels of air pollution pose serious health risks, even short-term.
G.Just like with infectious diseases, the best mask is a high-quality and well-fitting one.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了加拿大野火产生的烟雾扩散到美国东部和中西部,导致纽约市空气质量恶化,介绍了这种空气污染对不同人群的健康危害以及相应的防护措施。
9.【解析】选F。根据上文“Wildfire smoke from Canadian wildfires has spread across the eastern and midwestern US, causing New York City to experience some of the worst air quality in the world—conditions comparable to smoking a pack of cigarettes daily.) 加拿大野火产生的烟雾已经蔓延到美国东部和中西部,导致纽约市经历了世界上最糟糕的空气质量——这种状况相当于每天抽一包烟。)”提到加拿大野火的烟雾致使纽约市空气质量差,条件堪比每天抽一包烟。F选项“Such high levels of air pollution pose serious health risks, even short-term.”(如此高水平的空气污染即使在短期内也会带来严重的健康风险)承接上文,进一步说明这种高污染水平的危害,符合语境。故选F。
10.【解析】选A。根据后文“They might suffer from strokes and heart attacks.”(他们可能会患中风和心脏病发作。)可知,这里说的是有某种疾病的人会面临的风险。A选项“People with heart disease are also at risk.(有心脏病的人也处于危险之中。)”符合语境,“heart disease”与后文的 “heart attacks”相对应。故选A。
11.【解析】选D。根据下文“If the air is unhealthy, staying indoors with doors and windows closed is advisable.Blocking air leaks under doors with a rolled-up towel and using an air purifier can further improve indoor air quality.(如果空气不健康,建议待在室内,关闭门窗。用卷起来的毛巾和空气净化器堵住门下的漏风,可以进一步改善室内空气质量。)”可知,本段主要讲述如何减少室内空气污染。D选项“To protect ourselves from air pollution, it is crucial to monitor air quality.(为了保护我们免受空气污染,监测空气质量是至关重要的。)”和该段意思主旨一致,上下文紧密连接。故选D。
12.【解析】选C。根据上文“If the air is unhealthy, staying indoors with doors and windows closed is advisable.Blocking air leaks under doors with a rolled-up towel and using an air purifier can further improve indoor air quality.(如果空气不健康,建议待在室内,关闭门窗。用卷起来的毛巾和空气净化器堵住门下的漏风,可以进一步改善室内空气质量。)”提到了待在室内的一些措施,如关闭门窗、用毛巾堵住门缝、使用空气净化器等。C选项“Avoid activities that worsen indoor air quality, such as using gas stoves.(避免进行会恶化室内空气质量的活动,例如使用煤气灶。)”也是关于改善室内空气质量的措施,与前文内容相关。故选C。
13.【解析】选B。根据上文“If going outside is unavoidable, wearing a high-quality mask like an N95 or KN95, which can filter out 95% of smoke particles when fitted properly, is essential.(如果外出不可避免,戴上N95或KN95等高质量的口罩是必不可少的,如果佩戴得当,可以过滤掉95%的烟雾颗粒。)”提到如果必须外出,戴高质量的口罩(如 N95 或 KN95)很重要,后文提到如果没有这些口罩,记得遮住口鼻。B选项“Cloth masks offer some protection but are less effective.(布口罩提供一些保护,但效果较差。)”在高质量口罩和没有口罩的情况之间起到过渡作用,符合语境。故选B。
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