资源简介

Unit 5　Languages Around the World
Step 1　题源研读·入境体验
Sign language hints at why languages change over time
手语暗示了语言随时间变化的原因
　　Speakers, ideas, and technologies all seem to play a role in shifting the ways we communicate with each other, but linguists don’t always agree on how and why languages change. A new study found that American Sign Language (ASL) has evolved to be easier for people to recognize signs.“Every time we use a word, it changes just a little bit,” says Naomi Caselli, a Deaf studies scholar.“Over long periods of time, words with uncommon handshapes have evolved to be produced closer to the face and, therefore, are easier for the perceiver(感知者) to see and recognize.” Although studying the evolution of language is complex, “you can make predictions about how languages might change over time, and test those predictions with a current snapshot of the language,” Caselli says. For the study, researchers used an artificial intelligence tool to look at the evolution of ASL.The tool analyzed videos of more than 2,500 signs from ASL-LEX, the world’s largest interactive ASL database. 　　Caselli says they began by using the AI algorithm(算法) to estimate the position of the signer’s body and limbs.“We feed the video into a machine learning algorithm that uses computer vision to figure out where key points on the body are,” says Caselli.“We can then figure out where the hands are relative to the face in each sign.” The researchers then match that with data from ASL-LEX about how often the signs and handshapes are used. They found, for example, that many signs that use common handshapes, such as the sign for children—which uses a flat, open hand—are produced further from the face than signs that use rare handshapes, like the one for light. Understanding how sign languages work can help improve Deaf education, says Caselli, who hopes the latest findings also bring attention to the diversity in human languages and the extraordinary capabilities of the human mind. —https://www.futurity.org/ (同源高考:2023年新高考Ⅱ卷 D篇阅读选自该网站)
【名师原创】 1.How can an ASL sign become easier to understand (C) A.By repeating it. B.By producing it with hands. C.By doing it close to the face. D.By mixing it with other signs. 2.What contributed to the new study (A) A.AI algorithm.　　 　 B.Requests of the deaf. C.Database of AI tools. D.Researchers’ prediction. 【长难句分析】 They found, for example, that many signs that use common handshapes, such as the sign for children—which uses a flat, open hand—are produced further from the face than signs that use rare handshapes, like the one for light. for example为插入语;第一个 that引导宾语从句; 第二个that 引导定语从句,修饰前面的 signs;which引导定语从句,修饰前面的名词词组the sign for children; 第三个that引导定语从句,修饰前面的signs。
Step 2　核心考点·探究突破
【重点单词】
1.base vt.以……为据点;以……为基础
n.底部;根据
【语境速测】
①The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based (base) on our present mental register.
②The future is now big business and many people will attend the seminar with dreams of starting new enterprises based (base) on the predictions they will hear this weekend.
③We have to operate on the basis of the situation we now find ourselves in.
④During the polar summer of 1910-1911, both teams organised food bases(base)in preparation for their journeys the next year.
⑤In order to finish the task better, we need to appeal to a wider customer base.
为了更好地完成任务,我们需要吸引更广泛的客户。
⑥Basing an important decision on emotion rather than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.
基于情感而非理性的重要决定,你迟早会后悔的。
(1)base...on/upon...　把……建立在……的基础上
be based on/upon... 以……为基础
(2)on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期
on the basis of 在……的基础上
2.means n.方式;方法;途径
【语境速测】
①(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication.
②Discipline problems are by no means restricted to children in families dependent on benefits.
③This is a two-year course taught by means of lecture.
④Please by all means hand in the report on time, otherwise you will fail this semester.
⑤I have tried very hard to improve my English, but by no means is my teacher satisfied with my progress.
我已经很努力地提高我的英语水平,但我的老师对我的进步一点也不满意。
⑥“We haven’t won yet, not by any means,” she said.
她说:“我们离成功还远着呢。”
(1)by this means　　通过这种方法
by means of 借助……手段
by all means 一定,务必;当然可以
by no means / not by any means 绝不;一点也不
(2)a means of communication 一种交际工具
3.appreciate vt.欣赏;重视;感激;领会　vi.增值
【语境速测】
①The efforts of the Chinese government and the people to protect this much-loved river will be appreciated(appreciate) for years to come.
②We would appreciate you letting (let) us know of any problems.
③He expressed his appreciation(appreciate) for Saudi Arabia’s moderate and realistic oil policies.
④It takes more than a casual glance to appreciate(appreciate) and it is much more important than physical beauty.
⑤I would appreciate it if you could point out my shortcomings.
如果您能指出我的不足之处,我会不胜感激。
⑥Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food that is provided by Mom with appreciation.
理解妈妈的好意,我吃完妈妈提供的所有食物,心里充满感激。
(1)appreciate that... 理解……
appreciate (sb./sb.’s) doing... 感激(某人)做……
(2)I would appreciate it if... 如果……我将不胜感激
(3)appreciation n.欣赏;感激
express one’s appreciation/thanks to sb. 对某人表达感激之情
4.struggle n.&vi.斗争;奋斗;搏斗
【语境速测】
①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)She would have struggled (struggle)with extreme pain to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
②He came to symbolize his country’s struggle for independence.
③(2024·浙江1月高考)This mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist(resist) tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.
④We also had different students in some classes, so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names.
⑤Li Hua thinks textbooks should include more stories about how great scientists had to struggle to succeed.
李华认为,教科书应该多写一些伟大的科学家如何奋斗成功的故事。
⑥It was an emotional process for both of us, as we recalled about his artistic breakthroughs and struggles.
当我们回忆起他在艺术上的突破和挣扎时,这对我们俩来说都是一个情感上的过程。
(1)struggle for...　　为……而斗争/奋斗
struggle with/against sb./sth. 与某人/某事做斗争
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
(2)it is a struggle (for sb.) to do sth. (对于某人而言)做某事真是难事
5.equal n.同等的人;相等物 adj.相同的; 同样的;能胜任的 v.与……相等;比得上
【语境速测】
①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)But equally(equal) important is the mental aspect.Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis(假说)”.
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)The key finding of the study was that... the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.
③The profits from a film, the president was told, equaled(equal) those from the export of 60,000 cars.
④(外研版教材)The dam will generate electricity equal to about 40 million tons of coal without causing so much air pollution.
⑤The architecture here is equal to any in the world.
这里的建筑可与世界上任何建筑相媲美。
⑥It dawned on me that the narrator’s part was equally important to the part of a princess.
我突然意识到,叙述者的角色和公主的角色同样重要。
(1)be without equal=have no equal　无与伦比
(2)be equal to sth./doing sth. 等于/胜任(做)某事
(3)equal sb./sth.in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物
(4)equality n.均等,平等
6.demand n.要求;需求 vt.强烈要求;需要 vi.查问
【语境速测】
①(2022·全国乙卷) The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands (demand)placed on the friend who has moved.
②Our new secretary should demand that our schools should get (get)back to teaching basic math.
③He tried to return to work, but found he could no longer cope with his demanding (demand)job.
④Reforms have been demanded (demand)by people from all over the world.
⑤He reduced the amount of food for his own in order to satisfy the whole family’s demands.
为了满足整个家庭的需求,他减少了自己的食物量。
⑥“Maya! Where did you get that ” demanded Katherine, taking the comb and throwing her a fish.
“玛雅!你从哪儿弄来的 ”凯瑟琳问,拿起梳子扔给她一条鱼。
(1)be in (great) demand (迫切)需求,受欢迎的
meet/satisfy one’s demands 满足某人的需求
(2)demand sth. 需要某事物
demand to do sth. 要求做某事
demand that sb.(should) do sth. 要求某人做某事
(3)demanding adj.要求高的;要求严格的
7.relate vt.联系;讲述
【语境速测】
①(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations(relate) between the generations.
②The children, although not related (relate) to us by blood, had become as dear to us as our own.
③Trainees should be invited to relate new ideas to their past experiences.
④(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
⑤If you relate it to American cuisine, there is a lot of stuff that’s different from what you would imagine.
如果你把它跟美式烹饪联系起来,有很多东西将与你想象的不一样。
⑥“I found it difficult to relate the two ideas in my mind,”he murmured.
“我发现很难在脑海中把这两个想法联系起来。”他低声说道。
(1)relate to　　与……有关;涉及;谈到
be related to 和……有关系
(2)relation n.(relations)(人、团体、国家之间的)关系;关联
in relation to 关于;与……相关
(3) related adj.相关的;有联系的
relationship n.关系;联系
relative adj.比较的;相对的 n.亲戚
relatively adv.相对地;相当地
【核心短语】
8.refer to指的是;描述;提到;查阅
【语境速测】
①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)I keep two reference(refer) books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus.
②It also refers (refer)to the courtyards themselves and even to the communities that live there.
③The patient, referred(refer) to in the case as “Jane Doe”, knew of Mr. Weill’s secret plan.
④I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations, or the UN, as it is more often referred (refer)to.
⑤My opinion hasn’t been well thought out and is only for your reference.
我的意见没有经过深思熟虑,仅供参考。
⑥My colleague said that as the situation was unusual he would refer the matter to his boss.
我的同事说,由于情况不同寻常,他会把这件事提交给他的老板。
(1)refer to...as　　把……称作……
refer...to... 把……提交给……
(2)reference n.参考
reference books 参考书
【经典句型】
9.That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.(P62)这一书写体系对于凝聚中华民族和中华文化具有重要意义。
【语境速测】
①The care of the environment is of prime importance and we should pay more attention.
②(2022·全国乙卷)Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance(important), and the industry is playing its part.
③This book is of such benefit that it must be published at any cost.
→This book is so beneficial that it must be published at any cost.
④Long-distance running is a kind of exercise which is of great benefit.
长跑是一种非常有益的运动。
⑤Therefore, it is of significance to cultivate and develop community workers’ commitment.
所以,培养和提升社区工作者的敬业度至关重要。
(1)be of+value/significance/importance/use/ benefit 等表抽象意义的名词=be+该名词对应的形容词,名词前可用great、no、little、much等词修饰。
(2)of+size/colour/height/length/weight/age/shape/quality 等表人或物的属性的名词,在句中作表语或定语。
10.Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.(P62)即使在今天, 不论住在哪里, 也不论说何种方言, 中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。
【语境速测】
①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
不管是什么,不管它看起来有多小,都要把它写下来。
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer basket is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time.
无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买更多。
③Whenever/No matter when you need help,I sincerely hope that you can get in touch with me without hesitation.
无论你何时需要帮助,我真诚地希望你能毫不犹豫地联系我。
④However/No matter how busy Mary is,she will spare some time every day to help the exchange students from the USA with Chinese and tell them more about our customs and traditions.
无论玛丽多么忙,她每天都会匀出一些时间帮助来自美国的交换生学习汉语,并且告诉他们更多我们的习俗和传统。
“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句,可放在主句前或主句后。
(1)whenever、wherever、however引导让步状语从句,相当于no matter when/where/how。
(2)whatever、whoever、whichever、whomever既可引导名词性从句,也可引导让步状语从句;引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。
Step 3　跟踪评估·夯基提能
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Variety(vary) in diet and toys, travel, and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and adaptable to change.
2.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Then you let these new systems(system) develop their own ways to self-repair.
3.The fall of the Berlin Wall symbolized (symbol) the end of the Cold War between East and West.
4.In short, success in creating AI could be the biggest event in the history of our civilisation (civilise).
5.(2024·浙江1月高考)But global(globe) connectivity has greatly changed our information environment.
6.Family Law in Australia with regards(regard) to children is often based (base) on what is considered to be in the best interest of the child.
7.Specifically(specific), it is pretty clear the majority (major)of people who smoke do not immediately get lung cancer.
8.From the ancient period to the 19th century, a succession of powerful dynasties (dynasty) rose and fell in India as smaller rulers also struggled (struggle) for power through war.
9.Building a business is equally(equal) intense and demanding(demand), but it’s like being on an expedition that never ends.
10.Here you’ll find the usual definitions you’d get in a paper dictionary, including a guide to pronunciation, word origin description(describe), various meanings and related(relate) word forms.
Ⅱ.完成句子
【短语填空】
1.大众报是一个术语,指的是大众广泛阅览的报纸。
Penny paper is a term referring to papers made widely available to the public.
2.在中国,使用筷子的历史可以追溯到3 000多年前的商朝。
The history of using chopsticks in China dates back to the Shang Dynasty, more than 3,000 years ago.
3.从效果来看,你认为这种锻炼值得花这笔钱吗
Do you think that, from the point of view of results, this exercise was worth the cost
4.研究人员表明体重指数与工资收入有关。
Researchers have shown that body mass index is related to wages and income.
【句式仿写】
5....the more I learnt of a language, the more my brain would grow.
仿写:她越是想到马上就能赢得冠军,就越感到高兴。
The more she thought she would be the championship soon, the more delighted she became.
6.Even today,no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.
仿写:无论他去哪里,他总是想着给家人买礼物。
No matter where he went, he always thought about buying some gifts for his family.
7.That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
仿写:锻炼在保持良好的身心健康状态方面起着重要作用。
Workout is of great importance in keeping good health physically and mentally.
8.Soon after that, the idea developed that calligraphy was not only a beautiful art form but also a means of showing the character of the “man behind the brush”.
仿写:骑自行车不仅是一种健身方法,而且也是一种节省能量的方式。
Cycling is not only a means of bodybuilding but also a form of saving energy.
Ⅲ.语篇填空
(黑体词是本单元核心词汇)
China is 1.widely(wide) known for its ancient civilisation.There are many reasons 2.why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese 3.writing(write) system.
　　4.At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language.By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols 5.had become(become) a well-developed writing system.In the Qin Dynasty, the Chinese writing system began to develop 6.in one direction.The writing system was of great 7.importance(important) in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
　　By written Chinese, China’s present is 8.connected(connect) with its past.Today, the Chinese writing system 9.is(be) still an important part of Chinese culture.And more and more people are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this 10.amazing(amaze) language.
Ⅳ.单元话题写作|人与自我
When I was about ten years old, my brother and I received a wonderful gift—tennis rackets and balls.We had never had the opportunity to play tennis, so this was exciting.However, there was one problem—the small town we lived in did not have a tennis court.
One Sunday morning my brother said, “Hey, I’ve got an idea.Let’s take our tennis rackets and balls to the school and hit the balls against the school building.”
“Great idea! Let’s go,” I agreed, not realizing what a lesson we would learn before the experience was over.
When we got to the school ground, no one was around, so we began hitting our balls against the side of the two-story brick building.
“I’ll hit it the first time,” my brother suggested, “then you hit it the next time.We’ll hit it back and forth to each other.”
So we began taking turns hitting the ball, getting more confident with each stroke.Actually, we became pretty good at returning the ball and we were hitting the ball higher and faster each time.
Suddenly, the unthinkable happened—the ball got out of control and went crashing through one of the upstairs windows.
We looked around and no one was in sight—except there was an old man sitting on a porch halfway down the block.
Quietly, I asked, “Now what should we do Our ball is inside the school.”
“Well,” my brother responded, “no one will know whose ball it is.And no one saw us, except that old man down there.And he probably can’t see this far.”
“He probably doesn’t know who we are anyway,” I added.
“Let’s go home,” my brother suggested.
“Okay,” I agreed.“Should we tell Mom and Dad ”
“I don’t know,” my brother answered.
Then we picked up the rest of our balls and headed for home, keeping silent all the way with our heads drooping.
　　注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
“What happened ” asked my mother, seeing us in low spirits. ______________
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　　The following morning my brother and I went to the headmaster’s office.
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步骤一　快读文本 获取信息
这是一个关于诚实的故事,作者与哥哥在打网球的时候把学校的玻璃打碎了,开始因为没有人看见,他们打算隐瞒这件事,两人悄悄回到了家,但自责的心理一直让他们情绪低落,这被妈妈发现了,后来的故事怎样了呢
　　情节线索:兄弟俩收到网球礼物→没有场地,于是决定利用学校的墙壁打网球→网球砸坏了楼上窗户玻璃→没有人看见,于是他们决定隐瞒这件事→回家
　　情感线索:收到礼物时心情愉快→兴致勃勃地利用墙壁打网球→玻璃被打碎后的恐惧和担心→心情沮丧地回到家
步骤二　细读续写段首句 合理推测
1.针对续写第一段首句“What happened ” asked my mother, seeing us in low spirits.设问:
(1)How to respond to mother’s question
(2)What will mother say after knowing the truth
2.针对续写第二段首句The following morning my brother and I went to the headmaster’s office.设问:
(1)Why did the two brothers go to the headmaster’s office
(2)What did they say to the headmaster
(3)What is the headmaster’s response
步骤三　恰当用词 打造美句
1.我们把网球打得太猛太高了,结果它直接打穿了学校的窗户。
We hit the tennis ball too hard and too high and it went right through the school window.
2.短暂的停顿之后,她问我们是否向学校报告了这件事。
After a short pause, she asked us if we had reported this to the school.
3.我慢慢抬起头,看到妈妈鼓励的目光,于是我做了一个决定。
Slowly lifting my head, I encountered my mother’s encouraging eyes and a decision was made.
4.我们又紧张又害怕,慢慢地走进办公室。
Nervous and frightened, we inched into the office.
5.你们有勇气告诉我发生了什么,我为你们感到骄傲。
I am proud of you kids for having the courage to tell me what happened.
6.你们不必为打碎的窗户赔钱,因为诚实比什么都重要。
You don’t have to pay for the broken window, because honesty comes before anything else.
步骤四　衔接过渡 组句成篇
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【参考范文】
　　“What happened ” asked my mother, seeing us in low spirits. “Well,” my brother slowly began, “We hit the tennis ball too hard and too high and it went right through the school window.” After a short pause, she asked us if we had reported this to the school.Lips bitten, we shook our heads.“It will cost all of our pocket money,” I muttered.“But there is always something more important than money,” she said soothingly, patting me on the shoulder.Slowly lifting my head, I encountered my mother’s encouraging eyes and a decision was made.
The following morning my brother and I went to the headmaster’s office.Nervous and frightened, we inched into the office.“We have something to confess...”He looked very surprised and then smiled, “I am proud of you kids for having the courage to tell me what happened.”He could see our relief as he continued, “Many windows had been broken, but you were the first ones to admit that you were responsible.For that, you don’t have to pay for the broken window, because honesty comes before anything else.”
- 19 -(共54张PPT)
课时跟踪训练 Unit 5　Languages Around the World
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分20分)
A
(2026·潍坊模拟)
　Understanding a simple-looking sentence such as “I read this article yesterday” actually requires some complex grammatical processing: a subject(“I”) performed an action(“read”) on an object(“article”) at a specific time(“yesterday”).But the human brain routinely does this work nearly without delay, says linguist(语言学家) Andrea E.Martin of the Max Planck Institute in the Netherlands.And Martin’s team has now revealed that the human brain adjusts its processing methods based on grammatical rules of different languages.
　The researchers observed variations in Dutch-speaking(说荷兰语的) participants’ brain waves while they listened to a Dutch-language audiobook.To visualize these changes, the scientists used a system measuring how many new “predictions” the brain makes of words that could come next in a sentence.It was then tested against three different parsing(语法分析) strategies, or linguistic models that illustrate how the brain builds information over time.
　Previous English-based studies concluded in favor of a model where listeners “wait and see” how each phrase in a sentence will end before interpreting it.But the Dutch speakers in Martin’s study preferred a highly predictive model;participants tended to finish each phrase before it was complete.A third model, in which listeners wait to hear all the phrases in a sentence before interpreting any part of it, is seldom used in either language.
　In Dutch language structure, verbs come near the end of a sentence rather than immediately after the subject like they do in English, explains study lead author Cas W.Coopmans.For instance, “I ate a cookie with chocolate” in Dutch would be “I the cookie with chocolate ate.” “You would have to wait very long for the verb to come,” Coopmans says.“And that’s probably unrealistically late;you’re probably much more predictive in processing the sentence.”
　The findings support the need for scientists to include more diversity when designing linguistic models.“If we only study English speakers, we’ll miss crucial variations in how brains handle different language systems,” Martin warns.“Diversifying subjects in studies of how the brain processes language is going to help us clarify how the brain is understanding the structured meaning of language, and the social functions of language,” Martin says.
【语篇属性】
语篇类型 说明文 主题语境 人与自我
语篇内容 文章讲述了理解简单句子需要复杂的语法处理,人类大脑能快速完成这项工作,且会根据不同语言的语法规则调整其处理方法
语篇结构 Para.1 Human brain processes grammar complexly yet quickly.
Para.2 Dutch speakers’ brain waves reveal predictive processing.
Para.3 Dutch language structure affects sentence processing.
Para.4 Diversity in linguistic studies clarifies brain language processing.
Para.5 Findings stress diverse linguistic models needed.
1.How does the human brain process languages
A.By shortening the sentence.
B.By concentrating on subjects.
C.By relying on language sense.
D.By applying rules of grammar.
√
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:How; human brain process languages
定信息 在原文中定位关键词,确定答题关键句为第一段“And Martin’s team has now revealed that the human brain adjusts its processing methods based on grammatical rules of different languages.”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A By shortening the sentence. 曲解文意 学生需要理解文章中关于语言处理的复杂概念
B By concentrating on subjects. 无中生有
C By relying on language sense. 无中生有
D By applying rules of grammar. 根据锁定答题关键句信息得出结果
分析:选D。第一段提到,理解一个简单的句子实际上需要复杂的语法处理,而人类大脑能够根据不同语言的语法规则调整其处理方法。选项D准确地概括了这一内容,即大脑通过应用语法规则来处理语言
2.What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A.The system.　　
B.The audiobook.
C.The brain.
D.The sentence.
√
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:It;refer to
定信息 在原文中定位关键词,确定答题关键句为第二段“To visualize these changes, the scientists used a system measuring how many new “predictions” the brain makes of words that could come next in a sentence.It was then tested against three different parsing strategies, or linguistic models that illustrate how the brain builds information over time.”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A The system. 根据锁定答题关键句信息得出结果 学生需要能够准确理解并识别文章中的具体细节,代词的指代
B The audiobook. 曲解文意
C The brain. 曲解文意
D The sentence. 曲解文意
分析:选A。第二段提到,科学家使用一个系统来测量大脑对句子中可能的下一个词的预测数量,并将其与三种不同的语法分析策略进行测试。这里的“It”指的就是前面提到的“a system”。选项A准确指代了“It”的含义
3.The Dutch predict the meaning of “Tom drew an oil painting.” in Dutch when hearing ______.
A.Tom　　　 B.drew
C.oil D.painting
√
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:predict the meaning
定信息 在原文中定位关键词,确定答题关键句为第四段“In Dutch language structure, verbs come near the end of a sentence rather than immediately after the subject like they do in English, explains study lead author Cas W.Coopmans.”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A Tom 无中生有 学生需要根据文章内容进行逻辑推理
B drew 根据锁定答题关键句信息得出结果
C oil 无中生有
D painting 无中生有
分析:选B。第四段提到,荷兰语的句子结构中,动词通常出现在句子的末尾,而不是像英语中那样紧随主语。因此,荷兰人在听到句子的中间部分时,就会开始预测句子的完整意义
4.What can be concluded from Martin’s words in the last paragraph
A.The language structures need improving.
B.Samples of research should be expanded.
C.The functions of language call for further study.
D.English speakers account for the largest number.
√
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:Martin’s words;the last paragraph
定信息 在原文中定位关键词,确定答题关键句为倒数第一段“The findings support the need for scientists to include more diversity when designing linguistic models.‘If we only study English speakers...and the social functions of language,’ Martin says.”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A The language structures need improving. 曲解文意 学生需要能够从文章中提取关键信息,并总结出作者的主要观点和结论
B Samples of research should be expanded. 根据锁定答题关键句信息得出结果
C The functions of language call for further study. 无中生有
D English speakers account for the largest number. 无中生有
分析:选B。最后一段提到,如果只研究英语使用者,就会错过大脑处理不同语言系统的关键变化。因此,需要在语言处理研究中增加更多样化的受试者。选项B准确地概括了这一内容,即研究样本应该扩大
B
(2026·浙江模拟)
　Picture this, you win two tickets to a sold-out concert and eagerly text to ask your friends if they’d like to join.There comes their response “Maybe.” Your mood immediately turns, for you need to wait for their decisions before you can figure out your plans for the concert.
　If you’ve experienced anything like the above anecdote, you’re not alone.People responding “maybe” to invitations is a common yet annoying aspect of social life.What goes on in people’s heads when they aren’t sure whether to accept an invitation Social invitations can be a delicate dance.People often misread what someone extending an invitation wants to hear and overestimate an inviter’s likelihood of preferring a “maybe” over a “no”. Moreover, they fail to realize how much more disrespected people feel when they receive a “maybe” in response to their invitation.
　Naturally, we wanted to figure out why this awkward dynamic plays out.We found that it’s largely due to something called “motivated reasoning”. Motivated reasoning occurs when a person interprets information in a biased(有偏差的) way to suit their own wishes.In other words, invitees convince themselves that inviters want to hear “maybe” instead of “no” because a “maybe” is better for the invitees, allowing them to leave their options open.Besides, people tend to overestimate the negative consequences of saying “no” to invitations, thinking it will upset, anger and disappoint inviters.
　However, there were certain situations that made people more comfortable saying “no” to an invitation.When recipients of an invitation put themselves in the shoes of the person extending the invitation, they are more likely to realize that they’d probably prefer a definite answer.When the participants get invited to do something they didn’t want to do, they had no desire to keep their options open.The motivated reasoning then became irrelevant.
　While navigating social situations can be tricky, being direct and definite is sometimes best.It might reduce your options.But it’ll keep those who invite you from being left uncertain and maybe they’ll still think of you when the next concert comes to town.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们收到邀请时回复“Maybe”这一常见社交现象,分析其背后原因及特定应对情况,并给出直接回应的建议。
5.Why is the concert anecdote mentioned at the beginning
A.To explain the background of the invitation.
B.To stress the importance of quick replies.
C.To encourage immediate decision-making.
D.To introduce a common social situation.
√
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第一段以及第二段中的“If you’ve experienced anything like the above anecdote, you’re not alone.People responding ‘maybe’ to invitations is a common yet annoying aspect of social life.(如果你有过类似上述轶事的经历,你并不孤单。人们对邀请回复“也许”是社交生活中常见却令人恼火的一面)”可知,作者开头提及音乐会轶事,是为了引出人们对邀请回复“Maybe”这一常见社交场景。故选D。
6.What is the main reason for the response of “maybe” to an invitation
A.A biased interpretation of social cues.
B.A desire for harmonious communication.
C.An underestimation of refusal consequence.
D.An understanding of the inviter’s expectation.
√
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We found that it’s largely due to something called ‘motivated reasoning’. Motivated reasoning occurs when a person interprets information in a biased way to suit their own wishes.In other words, invitees convince themselves that inviters want to hear ‘maybe’ instead of ‘no’ because a ‘maybe’ is better for the invitees, allowing them to leave their options open.(我们发现,这在很大程度上是由一种叫作“动机性推理”的东西导致的。当一个人以有偏差的方式解读信息以迎合自己的意愿时,就会发生动机性推理。换句话说,受邀者会说服自己,邀请者更想听到“也许”而不是“不”,因为“也许”对受邀者更有利,能让他们保留选择的余地)”可知,人们对邀请回复“Maybe”的主要原因是对社交信号有偏差的解读。故选A。
7.What is the author’s suggestion in the last paragraph
A.Keeping your options open for better plans.
B.Accepting invitations to maintain friendships.
C.Prioritizing clear response over open options.
D.Thinking twice before refusing an invitation.
√
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“While navigating social situations can be tricky, being direct and definite is sometimes best.It might reduce your options.But it’ll keep those who invite you from being left uncertain and maybe they’ll still think of you when the next concert comes to town.(虽然应对社交场合可能很棘手,但有时直接明确是最好的选择。这可能会减少你的选择,但能避免邀请你的人陷入不确定的状态,而且当下一场音乐会来临时,他们或许还会想到你)”可知,作者建议优先选择清晰明确的回应,而非保留选择余地。故选C。
8.What is the best title for the passage
A.The Psychology behind “Maybe”
B.The Hidden Consequence of “Maybe”
C.“Maybe”: A Polite Escape from Conflict
D.“Maybe”: A Perfect Solution to Invitations
√
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。通读全文,文章开头以音乐会轶事引出人们对邀请回复“Maybe”的现象,接着在第三段分析了这一现象背后“动机性推理”的心理原因,第四段介绍了人们更愿意说“不”的特定情况,最后给出直接回应的建议。全文围绕“Maybe”背后的心理机制展开,因此A项“‘Maybe’背后的心理学”概括了文章主题,最适合作为文章标题。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
　In a small town lived Matthew, a diligent (勤奋的)youth with a passion for English.Nevertheless, he was completely 　9　 of the online world, leading him to pay a heavy 　10　 in a case later.
　One day, Matthew received an email from a stranger, claiming by 　11　 a special English learning material, he could easily improve his grades.The email also 　12　 several success stories, which convinced Matthew.He followed the instructions and transferred much money to the sender’s 　13　.Receiving the material, he found it worthless.Matthew felt 　14　 and regretful, yet powerless.
　However, the story didn’t 　15　 there.After the setback, Matthew began to 　16　 the world of online scams (诈骗).Discovering similar ones, he decided to use his English skills to expose them on social media, and 　17　 people to be watchful of online scams.
　Matthew’s story spread throughout the town.People expressed their 　18　 and support.With his assistance, many people escaped online scams.Everyone needs to 　19　 learn about relevant knowledge so as to enhance their awareness of 　20　.
　The Internet isn’t without risks.When we 　21　 setbacks, don’t give up.It’s these experiences that make us more mature and cherish our 　22　 and privacy.Let’s unite to establish a safe and 　23　 online environment!
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个年轻人Matthew因为一次在网络上被骗的经历,决定利用所学的英语技能在社交媒体上揭露网络诈骗,并呼吁人们团结起来建立一个安全且和谐的网络环境。
9.A.capable　　　 B.ignorant
C.curious D.aware
【解析】选B。根据下文“leading him to pay a heavy ______in a case later”以及下文他被骗的经过,可知他对网络世界一无所知。capable有能力的;ignorant无知的;curious好奇的;aware明白的。故选B。
√
10.A.price　　B.fine　　C.rent　　D.debt
【解析】选A。根据下文“He followed the instructions and transferred much money to the sender’s...and regretful, yet powerless.”可知Matthew被骗了,所以应该是付出沉重的代价。price代价;fine罚款;rent租金;debt债务。故选A。
√
11.A.sharing B.reviewing　
C.developing D.purchasing
【解析】选D。根据下文“He followed the instructions and transferred much money to the sender’s”可知是购买材料。share分享;review评论;develop发展; purchase购买。故选D。
√
12.A.lacked B.deleted
C.included D.translated
【解析】选C。根据下文“which convinced Matthew”可知这封邮件中包括成功的故事,才会让Matthew信以为真。lack缺少;delete删除;include包括;translate翻译。故选C。
√
13.A.donation B.contract
C.account D.document
【解析】选C。根据上文“transferred much money to”可知是把钱转给发邮件那个人的账户上。donation捐赠;contract合同;account账户;document文件。故选C。
√
14.A.cheated B.relieved
C.rejected D.motivated
【解析】选A。根据上文“Receiving the material, he found it worthless.”可知Matthew觉得被骗了。cheat欺骗;relieve缓解;reject拒绝;motivate激发。故选A。
√
15.A.end B.occur
C.progress D.transform
【解析】选A。根据下文“After the setback, Matthew began to ______the world of online scams.”以及下文Matthew揭露网络诈骗,可知故事并没有结束。end结束;occur发生;progress进步;transform转换,改变。故选A。
√
16.A.withdraw from B.interact with
C.push forward D.dig into
【解析】选D。根据下文“Discovering similar ones, he decided to use his English skills to expose them on social media”可知Matthew在被骗后深入研究网络诈骗世界,才能揭露骗局。withdraw from从……撤离;interact with与……相互作用;push forward推进;dig into挖掘,刻苦钻研。故选D。
√
17.A.reminded B.permitted
C.forbade D.hired
【解析】选A。根据下文“be watchful of online scams”可知是提醒人们警惕网络诈骗。remind提醒;permit允许;forbid禁止;hire雇佣。故选A。
√
18.A.anxiety B.admiration
C.desire D.forgiveness
【解析】选B。根据下文“and support”可知应该是钦佩。anxiety焦虑;admiration钦佩;desire渴望;forgiveness原谅。故选B。
√
19.A.rapidly B.temporarily
C.individually D.continuously
【解析】选D。根据下文“learn about relevant knowledge so as to enhance their awareness”可知人们需要不断地学习才能增强自己防范意识。rapidly迅速地;temporarily临时地;individually各自地;continuously不断地。故选D。
√
20.A.charity B.reform
C.prevention D.participation
【解析】选C。根据上文“Everyone needs to ______learn about relevant knowledge so as to enhance their awareness”可知人们不断学习知识是为了预防被骗。charity慈善;reform改革;prevention预防;participation参与。故选C。
√
21.A.cause B.encounter
C.witness D.bear
【解析】选B。根据上文“The Internet isn’t without risks.”可知网络有风险,但是遇到挫折时也不要放弃。cause造成;encounter遇到;witness见证;bear忍受。故选B。
√
22.A.wisdom B.memory
C.freedom D.property
【解析】选D。根据上文“It’s these experiences that make us more mature”以及Matthew的故事可知正是这些经历,我们才会更加珍惜自己的财产和隐私。wisdom智慧;memory记忆;freedom自由;property财产。故选D。
√
23.A.accessible B.permanent
C.harmonious D.complicated
【解析】选C。根据上文“safe”可知应该是建设安全和谐的网络环境。accessible可进入的;permanent永久的;harmonious和谐的;complicated复杂的。故选C。
√课时跟踪训练 Unit 5　Languages Around the World
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分20分)
A
(2026·潍坊模拟)
Understanding a simple-looking sentence such as “I read this article yesterday” actually requires some complex grammatical processing: a subject(“I”) performed an action(“read”) on an object(“article”) at a specific time(“yesterday”).But the human brain routinely does this work nearly without delay, says linguist(语言学家) Andrea E.Martin of the Max Planck Institute in the Netherlands.And Martin’s team has now revealed that the human brain adjusts its processing methods based on grammatical rules of different languages.
The researchers observed variations in Dutch-speaking(说荷兰语的) participants’ brain waves while they listened to a Dutch-language audiobook.To visualize these changes, the scientists used a system measuring how many new “predictions” the brain makes of words that could come next in a sentence.It was then tested against three different parsing(语法分析) strategies, or linguistic models that illustrate how the brain builds information over time.
Previous English-based studies concluded in favor of a model where listeners “wait and see” how each phrase in a sentence will end before interpreting it.But the Dutch speakers in Martin’s study preferred a highly predictive model;participants tended to finish each phrase before it was complete.A third model, in which listeners wait to hear all the phrases in a sentence before interpreting any part of it, is seldom used in either language.
In Dutch language structure, verbs come near the end of a sentence rather than immediately after the subject like they do in English, explains study lead author Cas W.Coopmans.For instance, “I ate a cookie with chocolate” in Dutch would be “I the cookie with chocolate ate.” “You would have to wait very long for the verb to come,” Coopmans says.“And that’s probably unrealistically late;you’re probably much more predictive in processing the sentence.”
The findings support the need for scientists to include more diversity when designing linguistic models.“If we only study English speakers, we’ll miss crucial variations in how brains handle different language systems,” Martin warns.“Diversifying subjects in studies of how the brain processes language is going to help us clarify how the brain is understanding the structured meaning of language, and the social functions of language,” Martin says.
【语篇属性】
语篇类型 说明文 主题语境 人与自我
语篇内容 文章讲述了理解简单句子需要复杂的语法处理,人类大脑能快速完成这项工作,且会根据不同语言的语法规则调整其处理方法
语篇结构 Para.1 Human brain processes grammar complexly yet quickly.
Para.2 Dutch speakers’ brain waves reveal predictive processing.
Para.3 Dutch language structure affects sentence processing.
Para.4 Diversity in linguistic studies clarifies brain language processing.
Para.5 Findings stress diverse linguistic models needed.
1.How does the human brain process languages
A.By shortening the sentence.
B.By concentrating on subjects.
C.By relying on language sense.
D.By applying rules of grammar.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:How; human brain process languages
定信息 在原文中定位关键词,确定答题关键句为第一段“And Martin’s team has now revealed that the human brain adjusts its processing methods based on grammatical rules of different languages.”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A By shortening the sentence. 曲解文意 学生需要理解文章中关于语言处理的复杂概念
B By concentrating on subjects. 无中生有
C By relying on language sense. 无中生有
D By applying rules of grammar. 根据锁定答题关键句信息得出结果
分析:选D。第一段提到,理解一个简单的句子实际上需要复杂的语法处理,而人类大脑能够根据不同语言的语法规则调整其处理方法。选项D准确地概括了这一内容,即大脑通过应用语法规则来处理语言
2.What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A.The system.　　 B.The audiobook.
C.The brain. D.The sentence.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:It;refer to
定信息 在原文中定位关键词,确定答题关键句为第二段“To visualize these changes, the scientists used a system measuring how many new “predictions” the brain makes of words that could come next in a sentence.It was then tested against three different parsing strategies, or linguistic models that illustrate how the brain builds information over time.”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A The system. 根据锁定答题关键句信息得出结果 学生需要能够准确理解并识别文章中的具体细节,代词的指代
B The audiobook. 曲解文意
C The brain. 曲解文意
D The sentence. 曲解文意
分析:选A。第二段提到,科学家使用一个系统来测量大脑对句子中可能的下一个词的预测数量,并将其与三种不同的语法分析策略进行测试。这里的“It”指的就是前面提到的“a system”。选项A准确指代了“It”的含义
3.The Dutch predict the meaning of “Tom drew an oil painting.” in Dutch when hearing ______.
A.Tom　　　 B.drew
C.oil D.painting
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:predict the meaning
定信息 在原文中定位关键词,确定答题关键句为第四段“In Dutch language structure, verbs come near the end of a sentence rather than immediately after the subject like they do in English, explains study lead author Cas W.Coopmans.”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A Tom 无中生有 学生需要根据文章内容进行逻辑推理
B drew 根据锁定答题关键句信息得出结果
C oil 无中生有
D painting 无中生有
分析:选B。第四段提到,荷兰语的句子结构中,动词通常出现在句子的末尾,而不是像英语中那样紧随主语。因此,荷兰人在听到句子的中间部分时,就会开始预测句子的完整意义
4.What can be concluded from Martin’s words in the last paragraph
A.The language structures need improving.
B.Samples of research should be expanded.
C.The functions of language call for further study.
D.English speakers account for the largest number.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:Martin’s words;the last paragraph
定信息 在原文中定位关键词,确定答题关键句为倒数第一段“The findings support the need for scientists to include more diversity when designing linguistic models.‘If we only study English speakers...and the social functions of language,’ Martin says.”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A The language structures need improving. 曲解文意 学生需要能够从文章中提取关键信息,并总结出作者的主要观点和结论
B Samples of research should be expanded. 根据锁定答题关键句信息得出结果
C The functions of language call for further study. 无中生有
D English speakers account for the largest number. 无中生有
分析:选B。最后一段提到,如果只研究英语使用者,就会错过大脑处理不同语言系统的关键变化。因此,需要在语言处理研究中增加更多样化的受试者。选项B准确地概括了这一内容,即研究样本应该扩大
B
(2026·浙江模拟)
Picture this, you win two tickets to a sold-out concert and eagerly text to ask your friends if they’d like to join.There comes their response “Maybe.” Your mood immediately turns, for you need to wait for their decisions before you can figure out your plans for the concert.
If you’ve experienced anything like the above anecdote, you’re not alone.People responding “maybe” to invitations is a common yet annoying aspect of social life.What goes on in people’s heads when they aren’t sure whether to accept an invitation Social invitations can be a delicate dance.People often misread what someone extending an invitation wants to hear and overestimate an inviter’s likelihood of preferring a “maybe” over a “no”. Moreover, they fail to realize how much more disrespected people feel when they receive a “maybe” in response to their invitation.
Naturally, we wanted to figure out why this awkward dynamic plays out.We found that it’s largely due to something called “motivated reasoning”. Motivated reasoning occurs when a person interprets information in a biased(有偏差的) way to suit their own wishes.In other words, invitees convince themselves that inviters want to hear “maybe” instead of “no” because a “maybe” is better for the invitees, allowing them to leave their options open.Besides, people tend to overestimate the negative consequences of saying “no” to invitations, thinking it will upset, anger and disappoint inviters.
However, there were certain situations that made people more comfortable saying “no” to an invitation.When recipients of an invitation put themselves in the shoes of the person extending the invitation, they are more likely to realize that they’d probably prefer a definite answer.When the participants get invited to do something they didn’t want to do, they had no desire to keep their options open.The motivated reasoning then became irrelevant.
While navigating social situations can be tricky, being direct and definite is sometimes best.It might reduce your options.But it’ll keep those who invite you from being left uncertain and maybe they’ll still think of you when the next concert comes to town.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们收到邀请时回复“Maybe”这一常见社交现象,分析其背后原因及特定应对情况,并给出直接回应的建议。
5.Why is the concert anecdote mentioned at the beginning
A.To explain the background of the invitation.
B.To stress the importance of quick replies.
C.To encourage immediate decision-making.
D.To introduce a common social situation.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第一段以及第二段中的“If you’ve experienced anything like the above anecdote, you’re not alone.People responding ‘maybe’ to invitations is a common yet annoying aspect of social life.(如果你有过类似上述轶事的经历,你并不孤单。人们对邀请回复“也许”是社交生活中常见却令人恼火的一面)”可知,作者开头提及音乐会轶事,是为了引出人们对邀请回复“Maybe”这一常见社交场景。故选D。
6.What is the main reason for the response of “maybe” to an invitation
A.A biased interpretation of social cues.
B.A desire for harmonious communication.
C.An underestimation of refusal consequence.
D.An understanding of the inviter’s expectation.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We found that it’s largely due to something called ‘motivated reasoning’. Motivated reasoning occurs when a person interprets information in a biased way to suit their own wishes.In other words, invitees convince themselves that inviters want to hear ‘maybe’ instead of ‘no’ because a ‘maybe’ is better for the invitees, allowing them to leave their options open.(我们发现,这在很大程度上是由一种叫作“动机性推理”的东西导致的。当一个人以有偏差的方式解读信息以迎合自己的意愿时,就会发生动机性推理。换句话说,受邀者会说服自己,邀请者更想听到“也许”而不是“不”,因为“也许”对受邀者更有利,能让他们保留选择的余地)”可知,人们对邀请回复“Maybe”的主要原因是对社交信号有偏差的解读。故选A。
7.What is the author’s suggestion in the last paragraph
A.Keeping your options open for better plans.
B.Accepting invitations to maintain friendships.
C.Prioritizing clear response over open options.
D.Thinking twice before refusing an invitation.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“While navigating social situations can be tricky, being direct and definite is sometimes best.It might reduce your options.But it’ll keep those who invite you from being left uncertain and maybe they’ll still think of you when the next concert comes to town.(虽然应对社交场合可能很棘手,但有时直接明确是最好的选择。这可能会减少你的选择,但能避免邀请你的人陷入不确定的状态,而且当下一场音乐会来临时,他们或许还会想到你)”可知,作者建议优先选择清晰明确的回应,而非保留选择余地。故选C。
8.What is the best title for the passage
A.The Psychology behind “Maybe”
B.The Hidden Consequence of “Maybe”
C.“Maybe”: A Polite Escape from Conflict
D.“Maybe”: A Perfect Solution to Invitations
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。通读全文,文章开头以音乐会轶事引出人们对邀请回复“Maybe”的现象,接着在第三段分析了这一现象背后“动机性推理”的心理原因,第四段介绍了人们更愿意说“不”的特定情况,最后给出直接回应的建议。全文围绕“Maybe”背后的心理机制展开,因此A项“‘Maybe’背后的心理学”概括了文章主题,最适合作为文章标题。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
In a small town lived Matthew, a diligent (勤奋的)youth with a passion for English.Nevertheless, he was completely 　9　 of the online world, leading him to pay a heavy 　10　 in a case later.
One day, Matthew received an email from a stranger, claiming by 　11　 a special English learning material, he could easily improve his grades.The email also 　12　 several success stories, which convinced Matthew.He followed the instructions and transferred much money to the sender’s 　13　.Receiving the material, he found it worthless.Matthew felt 　14　 and regretful, yet powerless.
However, the story didn’t 　15　 there.After the setback, Matthew began to 　16　 the world of online scams (诈骗).Discovering similar ones, he decided to use his English skills to expose them on social media, and 　17　 people to be watchful of online scams.
Matthew’s story spread throughout the town.People expressed their 　18　 and support.With his assistance, many people escaped online scams.Everyone needs to 　19　 learn about relevant knowledge so as to enhance their awareness of 　20　.
The Internet isn’t without risks.When we 　21　 setbacks, don’t give up.It’s these experiences that make us more mature and cherish our 　22　 and privacy.Let’s unite to establish a safe and 　23　 online environment!
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个年轻人Matthew因为一次在网络上被骗的经历,决定利用所学的英语技能在社交媒体上揭露网络诈骗,并呼吁人们团结起来建立一个安全且和谐的网络环境。
9.A.capable　　　 B.ignorant
C.curious D.aware
【解析】选B。根据下文“leading him to pay a heavy ______in a case later”以及下文他被骗的经过,可知他对网络世界一无所知。capable有能力的;ignorant无知的;curious好奇的;aware明白的。故选B。
10.A.price　　B.fine　　C.rent　　D.debt
【解析】选A。根据下文“He followed the instructions and transferred much money to the sender’s...and regretful, yet powerless.”可知Matthew被骗了,所以应该是付出沉重的代价。price代价;fine罚款;rent租金;debt债务。故选A。
11.A.sharing B.reviewing　
C.developing D.purchasing
【解析】选D。根据下文“He followed the instructions and transferred much money to the sender’s”可知是购买材料。share分享;review评论;develop发展; purchase购买。故选D。
12.A.lacked B.deleted
C.included D.translated
【解析】选C。根据下文“which convinced Matthew”可知这封邮件中包括成功的故事,才会让Matthew信以为真。lack缺少;delete删除;include包括;translate翻译。故选C。
13.A.donation B.contract
C.account D.document
【解析】选C。根据上文“transferred much money to”可知是把钱转给发邮件那个人的账户上。donation捐赠;contract合同;account账户;document文件。故选C。
14.A.cheated B.relieved
C.rejected D.motivated
【解析】选A。根据上文“Receiving the material, he found it worthless.”可知Matthew觉得被骗了。cheat欺骗;relieve缓解;reject拒绝;motivate激发。故选A。
15.A.end B.occur
C.progress D.transform
【解析】选A。根据下文“After the setback, Matthew began to ______the world of online scams.”以及下文Matthew揭露网络诈骗,可知故事并没有结束。end结束;occur发生;progress进步;transform转换,改变。故选A。
16.A.withdraw from B.interact with
C.push forward D.dig into
【解析】选D。根据下文“Discovering similar ones, he decided to use his English skills to expose them on social media”可知Matthew在被骗后深入研究网络诈骗世界,才能揭露骗局。withdraw from从……撤离;interact with与……相互作用;push forward推进;dig into挖掘,刻苦钻研。故选D。
17.A.reminded B.permitted
C.forbade D.hired
【解析】选A。根据下文“be watchful of online scams”可知是提醒人们警惕网络诈骗。remind提醒;permit允许;forbid禁止;hire雇佣。故选A。
18.A.anxiety B.admiration
C.desire D.forgiveness
【解析】选B。根据下文“and support”可知应该是钦佩。anxiety焦虑;admiration钦佩;desire渴望;forgiveness原谅。故选B。
19.A.rapidly B.temporarily
C.individually D.continuously
【解析】选D。根据下文“learn about relevant knowledge so as to enhance their awareness”可知人们需要不断地学习才能增强自己防范意识。rapidly迅速地;temporarily临时地;individually各自地;continuously不断地。故选D。
20.A.charity B.reform
C.prevention D.participation
【解析】选C。根据上文“Everyone needs to ______learn about relevant knowledge so as to enhance their awareness”可知人们不断学习知识是为了预防被骗。charity慈善;reform改革;prevention预防;participation参与。故选C。
21.A.cause B.encounter
C.witness D.bear
【解析】选B。根据上文“The Internet isn’t without risks.”可知网络有风险,但是遇到挫折时也不要放弃。cause造成;encounter遇到;witness见证;bear忍受。故选B。
22.A.wisdom B.memory
C.freedom D.property
【解析】选D。根据上文“It’s these experiences that make us more mature”以及Matthew的故事可知正是这些经历,我们才会更加珍惜自己的财产和隐私。wisdom智慧;memory记忆;freedom自由;property财产。故选D。
23.A.accessible B.permanent
C.harmonious D.complicated
【解析】选C。根据上文“safe”可知应该是建设安全和谐的网络环境。accessible可进入的;permanent永久的;harmonious和谐的;complicated复杂的。故选C。
- 14 -(共73张PPT)
Unit 5　Languages Around the World
Step 1　题源研读·入境体验
Step 3　跟踪评估·夯基提能
Step 2　核心考点·探究突破
Step 1　题源研读·入境体验
Sign language hints at why languages change over time
手语暗示了语言随时间变化的原因
　　Speakers, ideas, and technologies all seem to play a role in shifting the ways we communicate with each other, but linguists don’t always agree on how and why languages change.
　　A new study found that American Sign Language (ASL) has evolved to be easier for people to recognize signs.“Every time we use a word, it changes just a little bit,” says Naomi Caselli, a Deaf studies scholar.“Over long periods of time, words with uncommon handshapes have evolved to be produced closer to the face and, therefore, are easier for the perceiver(感知者) to see and recognize.”
　　Although studying the evolution of language is complex, “you can make predictions about how languages might change over time, and test those predictions with a current snapshot of the language,” Caselli says.
　　For the study, researchers used an artificial intelligence tool to look at the evolution of ASL.The tool analyzed videos of more than 2,500 signs from ASL-LEX, the world’s largest interactive ASL database.
　　Caselli says they began by using the AI algorithm(算法) to estimate the position of the signer’s body and limbs.“We feed the video into a machine learning algorithm that uses computer vision to figure out where key points on the body are,” says Caselli.“We can then figure out where the hands are relative to the face in each sign.” The researchers then match that with data from ASL-LEX about how often the signs and handshapes are used.
　　They found, for example, that many signs that use common handshapes, such as the sign for children—which uses a flat, open hand—are produced further from the face than signs that use rare handshapes, like the one for light.
　　Understanding how sign languages work can help improve Deaf education, says Caselli, who hopes the latest findings also bring attention to the diversity in human languages and the extraordinary capabilities of the human mind.
—https://www.futurity.org/
(同源高考:2023年新高考Ⅱ卷 D篇阅读选自该网站)
【名师原创】
1.How can an ASL sign become easier to understand (　　)
A.By repeating it.
B.By producing it with hands.
C.By doing it close to the face.
D.By mixing it with other signs.
√
2.What contributed to the new study (　　)
A.AI algorithm.　　 　
B.Requests of the deaf.
C.Database of AI tools.
D.Researchers’ prediction.
√
【长难句分析】
They found, for example, that many signs that use common handshapes, such as the sign for children—which uses a flat, open hand—are produced further from the face than signs that use rare handshapes, like the one for light.
___________为插入语;第一个 that引导宾语从句; 第二个that 引导定语从
句,修饰前面的 signs;which引导定语从句,修饰前面的名词词组the sign for
children; 第三个that引导_________,修饰前面的signs。
for example
定语从句
Step 2　核心考点·探究突破
【重点单词】
1.base vt.以……为据点;以……为基础
n.底部;根据
【语境速测】
①The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work ________
(base) on our present mental register.
②The future is now big business and many people will attend the seminar with
dreams of starting new enterprises ______ (base) on the predictions they will
hear this weekend.
is based
based
③We have to operate on the basis ___ the situation we now find ourselves in.
④During the polar summer of 1910-1911, both teams organised food ______
(base)in preparation for their journeys the next year.
⑤In order to finish the task better, we need to _________________________
_____.
为了更好地完成任务,我们需要吸引更广泛的客户。
⑥_____________________________________rather than on reason, you
will regret it sooner or later.
基于情感而非理性的重要决定,你迟早会后悔的。
bases
appeal to a wider customer
base
Basing an important decision on emotion
of
(1)base...on/upon...　 把……建立在……的基础上
be based on/upon... 以……为基础
(2)on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期
on the basis of 在……的基础上
2.means n.方式;方法;途径
【语境速测】
①(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)I walked into class believing that writing is important as
__ means of communication.
②Discipline problems are ___ no means restricted to children in families
dependent on benefits.
③This is a two-year course taught ___ means of lecture.
a
by
by
④Please ___ all means hand in the report on time, otherwise you will fail this
semester.
⑤I have tried very hard to improve my English, but _________________
______________________________.
我已经很努力地提高我的英语水平,但我的老师对我的进步一点也不满意。
⑥“We haven’t won yet, ________________,” she said.
她说:“我们离成功还远着呢。”
by
by no means is my
teacher satisfied with my progress
not by any means
(1)by this means　　 通过这种方法
by means of 借助……手段
by all means 一定,务必;当然可以
by no means / not by any means 绝不;一点也不
(2)a means of communication 一种交际工具
3.appreciate vt.欣赏;重视;感激;领会　vi.增值
【语境速测】
①The efforts of the Chinese government and the people to protect this much-
loved river _________________(appreciate) for years to come.
②We would appreciate you _______ (let) us know of any problems.
③He expressed his ____________(appreciate) for Saudi Arabia’s moderate and
realistic oil policies.
will be appreciated
letting
appreciation
④It takes more than a casual glance ____________(appreciate) and it is much
more important than physical beauty.
⑤I __________________if you could point out my shortcomings.
如果您能指出我的不足之处,我会不胜感激。
⑥Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food __________________
_____________________.
理解妈妈的好意,我吃完妈妈提供的所有食物,心里充满感激。
to appreciate
would appreciate it
that is provided by
Mom with appreciation
(1)appreciate that... 理解……
appreciate (sb./sb.’s) doing... 感激(某人)做……
(2)I would appreciate it if... 如果……我将不胜感激
(3)appreciation n.欣赏;感激
express one’s appreciation/thanks to sb. 对某人表达感激之情
4.struggle n.&vi.斗争;奋斗;搏斗
【语境速测】
①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)She ____________________(struggle)with extreme pain
to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
②He came to symbolize his country’s struggle ____ independence.
③(2024·浙江1月高考)This mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us
struggle ________(resist) tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.
would have struggled
for
to resist
④We also had different students in some classes, so it was __ struggle for me
to remember all the faces and names.
⑤Li Hua thinks textbooks should include more stories about __________
_______________________________.
李华认为,教科书应该多写一些伟大的科学家如何奋斗成功的故事。
a
how great
scientists had to struggle to succeed
⑥It was an emotional process for both of us, as we recalled about __________
__________________________.
当我们回忆起他在艺术上的突破和挣扎时,这对我们俩来说都是一个情感
上的过程。
his artistic
breakthroughs and struggles
(1)struggle for...　　 为……而斗争/奋斗
struggle with/against sb./sth. 与某人/某事做斗争
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
(2)it is a struggle (for sb.) to do sth. (对于某人而言)做某事真是难事
5.equal n.同等的人;相等物 adj.相同的; 同样的;能胜任的 v.与……相等;比
得上
【语境速测】
①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)But _______(equal) important is the mental aspect.Reading
researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis(假说)”.
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)The key finding of the study was that... the averages from
these groups were more accurate than those from ___ equal number of
independent individuals.
equally
an
③The profits from a film, the president was told, ________(equal) those from
the export of 60,000 cars.
④(外研版教材)The dam will generate electricity equal ___ about 40 million
tons of coal without causing so much air pollution.
⑤The architecture here ________________________.
这里的建筑可与世界上任何建筑相媲美。
⑥It dawned on me that the narrator’s part was ___________________the part
of a princess.
我突然意识到,叙述者的角色和公主的角色同样重要。
equaled
to
is equal to any in the world
equally important to
(1)be without equal=have no equal　 无与伦比
(2)be equal to sth./doing sth. 等于/胜任(做)某事
(3)equal sb./sth.in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物
(4)equality n.均等,平等
6.demand n.要求;需求 vt.强烈要求;需要 vi.查问
【语境速测】
①(2022·全国乙卷) The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the
additional time _________ (demand)placed on the friend who has moved.
②Our new secretary should demand that our schools __________(get)back to
teaching basic math.
③He tried to return to work, but found he could no longer cope with his
___________ (demand)job.
demands
should get
demanding
④Reforms ___________________(demand)by people from all over the world.
⑤He reduced the amount of food for his own in order to ________________
________________.
为了满足整个家庭的需求,他减少了自己的食物量。
⑥“Maya! Where did you get that ” __________ Katherine, taking the comb
and throwing her a fish.
“玛雅!你从哪儿弄来的 ”凯瑟琳问,拿起梳子扔给她一条鱼。
have been demanded
satisfy the whole
family’s demands
demanded
(1)be in (great) demand (迫切)需求,受欢迎的
meet/satisfy one’s demands 满足某人的需求
(2)demand sth. 需要某事物
demand to do sth. 要求做某事
demand that sb.(should) do sth. 要求某人做某事
(3)demanding adj.要求高的;要求严格的
7.relate vt.联系;讲述
【语境速测】
①(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at
school, with the book as a focus for ________(relate) between the generations.
②The children, although not _______ (relate) to us by blood, had become as
dear to us as our own.
③Trainees should be invited to relate new ideas ___ their past experiences.
relations
related
to
④(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years
ago, but they record moments we can all relate ___.
⑤_______________________________, there is a lot of stuff that’s different
from what you would imagine.
如果你把它跟美式烹饪联系起来,有很多东西将与你想象的不一样。
⑥“I found it difficult ____________________in my mind,”he murmured.
“我发现很难在脑海中把这两个想法联系起来。”他低声说道。
to
If you relate it to American cuisine
to relate the two ideas
(1)relate to　　 与……有关;涉及;谈到
be related to 和……有关系
(2)relation n.(relations)(人、团体、国家之间的)关系;关联
in relation to 关于;与……相关
(3) related adj.相关的;有联系的
relationship n.关系;联系
relative adj.比较的;相对的　n.亲戚
relatively adv.相对地;相当地
【核心短语】
8.refer to指的是;描述;提到;查阅
【语境速测】
①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)I keep two _________(refer) books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus.
②It also ______ (refer)to the courtyards themselves and even to the communities that live there.
③The patient, ________(refer) to in the case as “Jane Doe”, knew of Mr. Weill’s secret plan.
reference
refers
referred
④I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United
Nations, or the UN, as it is more often ________ (refer)to.
⑤My opinion hasn’t been well thought out and is _____________________.
我的意见没有经过深思熟虑,仅供参考。
⑥My colleague said that as the situation was unusual he would ________
_________________.
我的同事说,由于情况不同寻常,他会把这件事提交给他的老板。
referred
only for your reference
refer the
matter to his boss
(1)refer to...as　　把……称作……
refer...to... 把……提交给……
(2)reference n.参考
reference books 参考书
【经典句型】
9.That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese
people and culture.(P62)这一书写体系对于凝聚中华民族和中华文化具
有重要意义。
【语境速测】
①The care of the environment is ___ prime importance and we should pay
more attention.
②(2022·全国乙卷)Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active
childhood is of great ___________(important), and the industry is playing its part.
of
importance
③This book is of such benefit that it must be published at any cost.
→This book is so _________ that it must be published at any cost.
④Long-distance running is a kind of exercise _____________________.
长跑是一种非常有益的运动。
⑤Therefore, ___________________cultivate and develop community workers’ commitment.
所以,培养和提升社区工作者的敬业度至关重要。
beneficial
which is of great benefit
it is of significance to
(1)be of+value/significance/importance/use/ benefit 等表抽象意义的名词=be+该名词对应的形容词,名词前可用great、no、little、much等词修饰。
(2)of+size/colour/height/length/weight/age/shape/quality 等表人或物的属性的名词,在句中作表语或定语。
10.Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.(P62)即使在今天, 不论住在哪里, 也不论说何种方言, 中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。
【语境速测】
①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Whatever it is, ___________________it might seem, write it down.
不管是什么,不管它看起来有多小,都要把它写下来。
no matter how small
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)No matter ________________, one steamer basket is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time.
无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买更多。
③____________________________________,I sincerely hope that you can get in touch with me without hesitation.
无论你何时需要帮助,我真诚地希望你能毫不犹豫地联系我。
where I buy them
Whenever/No matter when you need help
④__________________________________,she will spare some time every day to help the exchange students from the USA with Chinese and tell them more about our customs and traditions.
无论玛丽多么忙,她每天都会匀出一些时间帮助来自美国的交换生学习汉语,并且告诉他们更多我们的习俗和传统。
However/No matter how busy Mary is
“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句,可放在主句前或主句后。
(1)whenever、wherever、however引导让步状语从句,相当于no matter when/where/how。
(2)whatever、whoever、whichever、whomever既可引导名词性从句,也可引导让步状语从句;引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which/　whom。
Step 3　跟踪评估·夯基提能
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1._______(vary) in diet and toys, travel, and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and adaptable to change.
2.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Then you let these new ________(system) develop their own ways to self-repair.
3.The fall of the Berlin Wall ___________ (symbol) the end of the Cold War between East and West.
Variety
systems
symbolized
4.In short, success in creating AI could be the biggest event in the history of our
__________ (civilise).
5.(2024·浙江1月高考)But ______(globe) connectivity has greatly changed our
information environment.
6.Family Law in Australia with ________(regard) to children is often ______
(base) on what is considered to be in the best interest of the child.
civilisation
global
regards
based
7.___________(specific), it is pretty clear the _________ (major)of people
who smoke do not immediately get lung cancer.
8.From the ancient period to the 19th century, a succession of powerful
_________ (dynasty) rose and fell in India as smaller rulers also _________
(struggle) for power through war.
Specifically
majority
dynasties
struggled
9.Building a business is _______(equal) intense and ___________(demand),
but it’s like being on an expedition that never ends.
10.Here you’ll find the usual definitions you’d get in a paper dictionary,
including a guide to pronunciation, word origin ___________(describe),
various meanings and _______(relate) word forms.
equally
demanding
description
related
Ⅱ.完成句子
【短语填空】
1.大众报是一个术语,指的是大众广泛阅览的报纸。
Penny paper is a term ___________papers made widely available to the public.
2.在中国,使用筷子的历史可以追溯到3 000多年前的商朝。
The history of using chopsticks in China _____________the Shang Dynasty,
more than 3,000 years ago.
referring to
dates back to
3.从效果来看,你认为这种锻炼值得花这笔钱吗
Do you think that, from the _____________of results, this exercise was worth the cost
4.研究人员表明体重指数与工资收入有关。
Researchers have shown that body mass index ____________wages and income.
point of view
is related to
【句式仿写】
5....the more I learnt of a language, the more my brain would grow.
仿写:她越是想到马上就能赢得冠军,就越感到高兴。
____________________she would be the championship soon, _________
_________ she became.
The more she thought
the more
delighted
6.Even today,no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.
仿写:无论他去哪里,他总是想着给家人买礼物。
________________________________thought about buying some gifts for his family.
No matter where he went, he always
7.That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
仿写:锻炼在保持良好的身心健康状态方面起着重要作用。
________________________________________________physically and mentally.
Workout is of great importance in keeping good health
8.Soon after that, the idea developed that calligraphy was not only a beautiful art form but also a means of showing the character of the “man behind the brush”.
仿写:骑自行车不仅是一种健身方法,而且也是一种节省能量的方式。
Cycling _______________________________________________saving energy.
is not only a means of bodybuilding but also a form of
Ⅲ.语篇填空
(黑体词是本单元核心词汇)
　　China is 1._______(wide) known for its ancient civilisation.There are many
reasons 2._____ this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the
Chinese 3._______(write) system.
widely
why
writing
　　4.___ the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language.By the
Shang Dynasty, these symbols 5.___________(become) a well-developed
writing system.In the Qin Dynasty, the Chinese writing system began to develop
6.___ one direction.The writing system was of great 7.___________(important)
in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
At
had become
in
importance
　　By written Chinese, China’s present is 8.__________(connect) with its
past.Today, the Chinese writing system 9.__(be) still an important part of Chinese
culture.And more and more people are beginning to appreciate China’s culture
and history through this 10.________(amaze) language.
connected
is
amazing
Ⅳ.单元话题写作|人与自我
　When I was about ten years old, my brother and I received a wonderful gift—tennis rackets and balls.We had never had the opportunity to play tennis, so this was exciting.However, there was one problem—the small town we lived in did not have a tennis court.
　One Sunday morning my brother said, “Hey, I’ve got an idea.Let’s take our tennis rackets and balls to the school and hit the balls against the school building.”
　“Great idea! Let’s go,” I agreed, not realizing what a lesson we would learn before the experience was over.
　When we got to the school ground, no one was around, so we began hitting our balls against the side of the two-story brick building.
　“I’ll hit it the first time,” my brother suggested, “then you hit it the next time.We’ll hit it back and forth to each other.”
　So we began taking turns hitting the ball, getting more confident with each stroke.Actually, we became pretty good at returning the ball and we were hitting the ball higher and faster each time.
　Suddenly, the unthinkable happened—the ball got out of control and went crashing through one of the upstairs windows.
　We looked around and no one was in sight—except there was an old man sitting on a porch halfway down the block.
　Quietly, I asked, “Now what should we do Our ball is inside the school.”
　“Well,” my brother responded, “no one will know whose ball it is.And no one saw us, except that old man down there.And he probably can’t see this far.”
　“He probably doesn’t know who we are anyway,” I added.
　“Let’s go home,” my brother suggested.
　“Okay,” I agreed.“Should we tell Mom and Dad ”
　“I don’t know,” my brother answered.
　Then we picked up the rest of our balls and headed for home, keeping silent all the way with our heads drooping.
　　注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
　“What happened ” asked my mother, seeing us in low spirits. ________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
　　The following morning my brother and I went to the headmaster’s office.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
　步骤一　快读文本 获取信息
　这是一个关于诚实的故事,作者与哥哥在打网球的时候把学校的玻璃打碎了,开始因为没有人看见,他们打算隐瞒这件事,两人悄悄回到了家,但自责的心理一直让他们情绪低落,这被妈妈发现了,后来的故事怎样了呢
　　情节线索:兄弟俩收到网球礼物→没有场地,于是决定利用学校的墙壁打网球→网球砸坏了楼上窗户玻璃→没有人看见,于是他们决定隐瞒这件事→回家
　　情感线索:收到礼物时心情愉快→兴致勃勃地利用墙壁打网球→玻璃被打碎后的恐惧和担心→心情沮丧地回到家
步骤二　细读续写段首句 合理推测
1.针对续写第一段首句“What happened ” asked my mother, seeing us in low spirits.设问:
(1)How to respond to mother’s question
(2)What will mother say after knowing the truth
2.针对续写第二段首句The following morning my brother and I went to the headmaster’s office.设问:
(1)Why did the two brothers go to the headmaster’s office
(2)What did they say to the headmaster
(3)What is the headmaster’s response
步骤三　恰当用词 打造美句
1.我们把网球打得太猛太高了,结果它直接打穿了学校的窗户。
We hit the tennis ball ____________________and it went right through the school window.
2.短暂的停顿之后,她问我们是否向学校报告了这件事。
After a short pause, she asked us if we had _______________the school.
too hard and too high
reported this to
3.我慢慢抬起头,看到妈妈鼓励的目光,于是我做了一个决定。
Slowly ______________, I encountered my mother’s encouraging eyes and a decision was made.
4.我们又紧张又害怕,慢慢地走进办公室。
_____________________, we inched into the office.
lifting my head
Nervous and frightened
5.你们有勇气告诉我发生了什么,我为你们感到骄傲。
I ____________you kids for having the courage to tell me what happened.
6.你们不必为打碎的窗户赔钱,因为诚实比什么都重要。
You don’t have to pay for the broken window, because ___________________
____________.
am proud of
honesty comes before
anything else
步骤四　衔接过渡 组句成篇
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
　　“What happened ” asked my mother, seeing us in low spirits. “Well,” my brother slowly began, “We hit the tennis ball too hard and too high and it went right through the school window.” After a short pause, she asked us if we had reported this to the school.Lips bitten, we shook our heads.“It will cost all of our pocket money,” I muttered.“But there is always something more important than money,” she said soothingly, patting me on the shoulder.Slowly lifting my head, I encountered my mother’s encouraging eyes and a decision was made.
　The following morning my brother and I went to the headmaster’s office.Nervous and frightened, we inched into the office.“We have something to confess...”He looked very surprised and then smiled, “I am proud of you kids for having the courage to tell me what happened.”He could see our relief as he continued, “Many windows had been broken, but you were the first ones to admit that you were responsible.For that, you don’t have to pay for the broken window, because honesty comes before anything else.”

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