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课时跟踪训练 Unit 4　Space Exploration
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分20分)
A
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或 考点 试题来源 情境 标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
阅读 理解 1—4 √ 中国首颗可重复使用卫星 2026·南开模拟 人与社会 和物理、地理的结合
　　China’s first reusable satellite returned to Earth on Friday morning and was recovered at its predetermined landing site in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, according to the China National Space Administration.
　　The administration said in a news release that the Shijian-19 satellite touched down at the Dongfeng Landing Site at 10:39 am and was then opened by ground recovery personnel sent by the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center to take out mission payloads.There were plant seeds, microorganism samples, technology demonstration devices,space experimental instruments as well as cultural items placed inside the satellite.Moreover, the Shijian-19 carried science payloads from five nations, including Thailand and Pakistan, according to the administration.The spacecraft was taken into space by a Long March 2D carrier rocket that lifted off from the Jiuquan spaceport on Sept.27, 2024.
　　China launched its first recoverable satellite in 1975, becoming the third nation, after the United States and the Soviet Union, to have such a spacecraft.The country has launched nearly 30 such spacecraft since then.These satellites have enabled Chinese scientists to carry out hundreds of space-based experiments and tests.However, none of them could be reused, which means they would retire as soon as their payloads were taken out.
　　Wang Yanan, the chief editor of Aerospace Knowledge magazine, said that reusable satellites can complement China’s Tiangong space station when it comes to conducting space-based experiments and tests.
　　Due to the rapid advances in China’s science and technology, we have witnessed an increasing number of scientific experiments and technological tests waiting to be taken into orbit.And that means you could either wait in a long line for an opportunity(for a payload to be carried) onboard the space station or wait for an unpredictable period of time for a place on the next recoverable satellite.
　　“Now, with the service of the new reusable satellite, researchers will have more opportunities to send their experiments or tests into space, and this new platform promises shorter waits and lower costs, which will definitely be attractive,” he said.
【语篇属性】
语篇类型 新闻报道 主题语境 人与社会
语篇内容 文章报道了中国首颗可重复使用卫星成功返回地球并在内蒙古预定着陆点回收的事件,介绍了其携带的多种实验载荷、意义及其与中国空间站的互补关系
语篇结构 Para.1 报道中国首颗可重复使用卫星成功返回并回收
Para.2 详细介绍卫星携带的各类实验载荷和国际合作项目
Para.3 回顾中国可回收卫星的发展历史,点明此前卫星不可重复使用的局限
Paras.4—6 引用专家观点,阐述可重复使用卫星与天宫空间站的互补关系及其为太空研究带来的新机遇
1.Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “payloads” in
Paragraph 2
A.Satellite fuel.
B.Experimental data.
C.Objects transported.
D.Aerospace personnel.
√
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干关键信息:payloads;Paragraph 2
定信息 定位至第二段,关键句为“...to take out mission payloads.There were plant seeds, microorganism samples, technology demonstration devices, space experimental instruments as well as cultural items placed inside the satellite.”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误
A Satellite fuel. 曲解词义
B Experimental data. 曲解词义
C Objects transported. 正确,后续列举的种子、样本、设备等均为“被运送的物品”
D Aerospace personnel. 曲解词义
分析:选C。根据画线词后列举的“植物种子、微生物样本、技术演示装置”等具体物品可知,“payloads”在此语境下指“被运送的物品”
2.What role do reusable satellites play alongside the Tiangong space station
A.They complement it.
B.They compete with it.
C.They replace it entirely.
D.They are unrelated to it.
√
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干关键信息:role;alongside the Tiangong space station
定信息 定位至第四段,关键句为“...reusable satellites can complement China’s Tiangong space station...”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误
A They complement it. 正确,直接对应原文“complement”
B They compete with it. 曲解文意
C They replace it entirely. 曲解文意
D They are unrelated to it. 曲解文意
分析:选A。第四段明确说明,可重复使用卫星在开展太空实验和测试方面可以与中国天宫空间站形成“互补(complement)”关系
3.What can we infer from what Wang Yanan said in the last paragraph
A.Recoverable satellites are very limited in space.
B.Advanced experiments should be conducted in space.
C.Reusable satellites bring hope to space-based studies.
D.Scientists can rely on the space station to do experiments.
√
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干关键信息:infer;Wang Yanan said in the last paragraph
定信息 定位至最后一段,关键句为“...researchers will have more opportunities...this new platform promises shorter waits and lower costs, which will definitely be attractive...”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误
A Recoverable satellites are very limited in space. 张冠李戴
B Advanced experiments should be conducted in space. 无中生有
C Reusable satellites bring hope to space-based studies. 正确,“more opportunities”
“shorter waits” “lower costs” 都指向了积极前景和希望
D Scientists can rely on the space station to do experiments. 曲解文意
分析:选C。王亚男在最后一段指出,这颗新的可重复使用卫星将为研究人员提供“更多机会”“更短等待时间”和“更低成本”,这些积极评价都暗示可重复使用卫星为太空研究带来了新的希望
4.What’s the best title for the passage
A.The History of China’s Satellites
B.China’s First Reusable Satellite Returned
C.An Introduction to China’s Space Station
D.Satellite Launching in Different Countries
√
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干关键信息:best title
定信息 需综合全文信息,尤其是首段
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误
A The History of China’s Satellites 以偏概全,历史回顾仅为支撑细节,非核心事件
B China’s First Reusable Satellite Returned 正确,精准概括了首段核心,且全文围绕其展开
C An Introduction to China’s Space Station 偏离主线,空间站仅为文中用于比较的一个方面
D Satellite Launching in Different Countries 无中生有,文章未进行跨国比较
分析:选B。文章开篇点明核心事件“中国首颗可重复使用卫星返回”,后续内容均围绕此事的意义、载荷、历史背景及前景展开,因此B选项是最佳标题
B
(2025·广州模拟)
　　If you ever wondered what your child’s drawings might reveal, keep on reading.
　　Imagine how you would feel when looking at Earth from outer space.That feeling of awe is what we call the Overview Effect, a feeling most astronauts report when they return to Earth, described as a transformative experience that changes their view of our planet and humanity—an experience that builds a sense of unity, interconnectedness, and responsibility for Earth’s well-being.Recently, 40,000 children experienced a virtual reality(VR) space journey, making them a unique group to have the chance to experience this awesome feeling without leaving Earth.
　　To find out whether they had experienced the Overview Effect, we asked 100 children from this special group to draw self-images before and after the VR journey.In previous studies on adults, we found that after viewing a video to bring about the Overview Effect, participants tended to draw a smaller self.Apparently, going through the experience of awe and wonder makes one feel smaller, with a smaller drawing as the result.However, when we applied this method to children, we encountered unexpected results.The size of their drawings remained unchanged after the VR experience.This discrepancy led us to question:Were drawings by children simply not a good way to measure the Overview Effect Did what worked for adults simply not work for children
　　Upon closer analysis, we discovered that the key to measuring transformative experiences in children lies not in the size of their drawings but in the richness of their content.Before the VR journey, the children’s drawings were simple, often showing familiar elements from their daily lives.After the journey, their drawings became far more insightful, filled with vivid descriptions indicative of what they had learned during the VR journey—for example, the Earth’s ecology.This discovery gave us a new way to understand children’s responses to transformative experiences.
　　I’m not proposing that we replace tests in schools with children’s drawings.But when it comes to transformative experiences, I’d recommend paying more attention to what children actually draw.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了从太空看地球会产生概览效应,即太空之旅会帮助人们对世界有更深入的了解,经历过虚拟太空之旅的儿童绘画内容更加丰富且更具洞察力,这给人们提供了一种了解儿童对变革性体验的反应的新方法。
5.How can we describe the Overview Effect
A.It expresses man’s view of Earth and humanity.
B.It helps people get deeper insights into the world.
C.It brings about awesome feelings of the outer space.
D.It is a transformative experience unique to astronauts.
√
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段“That feeling of awe is what we call the Overview Effect, a feeling most astronauts report when they return to Earth, described as a transformative experience that changes their view of our planet and humanity—an experience that builds a sense of unity, interconnectedness, and responsibility for Earth’s well-being.”可知,概览效应是一种敬畏感,这种感觉被描述为一种改变人们对地球和人类看法的变革性体验,这种体验建立了一种团结、相互联系和对地球福祉的责任感,说明概览效应帮助人们对世界有更深入的了解。故选B。
6.What does the underlined word “discrepancy” mean in Paragraph 3
A.Problem.　　　　　 B.Progress.
C.Doubt. D.Difference.
√
【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据第三段中“In previous studies on adults, we found that after viewing a video to bring about the Overview Effect, participants tended to draw a smaller self.”和“However, when we applied this method to children, we encountered unexpected results.The size of their drawings remained unchanged after the VR experience.”可知, 在之前针对成年人的研究中,在观看过引起概览效应的视频后,参与者倾向于画更小的自己。然而,当把这种方法运用到孩子身上时,却得到了意想不到的结果。VR体验后,他们自画像的尺寸没有变化,说明经历过VR体验后,成年人的画和儿童的画存在不同。故选D。
7.How did the children’s drawings change after the VR journey
A.The self-images became larger.
B.They described more details.
C.There were more familiar elements.
D.They expressed richer emotions.
√
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段中“After the journey, their drawings became far more insightful, filled with vivid descriptions indicative of what they had learned during the VR journey”可知,VR之旅结束后,他们的画变得更加富有洞察力,充满了生动的描述,体现出他们在VR旅途中学到的知识,说明在VR旅途后,儿童的画描述了更多的细节。故选B。
8.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A.To suggest a way of measuring children’s learning.
B.To compare adults’ and children’s Overview Effect.
C.To analyze the role of VR technology in children’s education.
D.To describe the psychological experience of space travel.
√
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“This discovery gave us a new way to understand children’s responses to transformative experiences.”和最后一段的内容可知, 这个发现会给我们一种新的方法来了解儿童对变革性体验的反应。作者并不是建议用绘画代替学校里的考试。但是当说到变革性体验时,作者建议更多地关注儿童实际上画了什么,说明作者的写作目的在于提出一种衡量儿童学习能力的方法。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或 考点 试题来源 情境 标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
七选五 9— 13 √ 太空探索的意义及深远影响 2026·江西模拟 人与社会 和物理、地
理的结合
　　As space exploration develops, it brings lots of benefits, ranging from economy to technology.It also opens up new frontiers for human potential and ambition.
　　Scientific discovery
　　　9　.Missions to Mars, the Moon, and beyond provide insights into planetary formation, the potential for life on other planets, and the origins of the universe.For example, studying the atmospheres of exoplanets helps scientists assess their habitability.
　　Technological advancements
　　Space exploration has led to the development of numerous technologies that have practical applications on the Earth.　10　, and the technology applied in satellite navigation systems was originally developed for space missions and is now used in everyday life.
　　　11　
　　Research conducted in space can help solve pressing global issues, such as climate change and food security.For example, studying how to grow food in space can provide insights into agricultural practices on the Earth, especially in extreme conditions.　
　　Economic growth and job creation
　　The space industry is a significant driver of economic growth, creating high-paying jobs in STEM fields.　12　, and the growing space sector is expected to create even more employment opportunities.Additionally, the potential for space mining could lead to new economic opportunities.
　　In conclusion, the advantages of space exploration are far-reaching.Beyond the field of scientific discovery, it drives significant progress in technology, fuels economic expansion, and develops international cooperation.Moreover, space exploration inspires the imagination and expectation of younger generations.　13　.
A.Addressing global challenges
B.Adapting to extreme conditions
C.For example, satellite communications have come from space research
D.Together, these elements shape a brighter and more informed future for all
E.Some companies hire thousands of skilled workers to carry out space research
F.As you know, astronauts have had difficulty doing space research for a long time
G.Exploring space improves our understanding of the universe and our place within it
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述太空探索在多方面带来的益处及深远影响。
9.【解析】选G。本段小标题“Scientific discovery(科学发现)”及下文“Missions to Mars, the Moon, and beyond provide insights into planetary formation, the potential for life on other planets, and the origins of the universe.”说明本段围绕太空探索对科学发现的意义展开,G选项“探索太空增进了我们对宇宙以及我们在宇宙中位置的理解”符合语境,与上下文衔接紧密。故选G。
10.【解析】选C。上文“Space exploration has led to the development of numerous technologies that have practical applications on the Earth.”说明太空探索催生了很多实用技术,空处应举例说明有哪些技术,C选项“例如,卫星通信就源自太空研究”符合语境,是对上文的举例说明。故选C。
11.【解析】选A。空处为小标题,根据“Research conducted in space can help solve pressing global issues, such as climate change and food security.”可知,本段主要介绍了太空探索有助于解决全球性问题,空处需概括本段主旨,A选项“应对全球挑战”准确概括段落内容,适合作为本段小标题。故选A。
12.【解析】选E。上文“The space industry is a significant driver of economic growth, creating high-paying jobs in STEM fields.”说明太空产业创造了高薪工作,空处应举例说明太空产业创造工作的情况,E选项“一些公司雇用了数千名技术工人进行太空研究”符合语境,是对上文的举例说明。故选E。
13.【解析】选D。上文总结了太空探索的诸多优势,空处应说明这些优势带来的结果,D选项“这些因素共同为所有人塑造了一个更光明、更有见识的未来”符合语境,承接上文,其中“these elements”指代上文提到的太空探索的诸多优势。故选D。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或 考点 试题来源 情境 标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
完形填空 14—28 √ 美国航天局的“好奇号”火星探测器 2026·许昌模拟 人与社会 —
　　In many ways, Mars is like Earth’s twin.But in many more ways, Mars is nothing like Earth.Mars was once a 　14　 world.But what happened to Mars And most 　15　, did life once exist on this Red Planet In August, 2012, NASA’s Curiosity Rover(探测器) landed on Mars.Its mission was to 　16　 whether Mars was once a place where living things could 　17　.
　　The rover started its 　18　 in a place called Gale Crater(坑).It’s a huge crater, stretching 154 kilometers wide.In the center is a mountain called Mount Sharp.NASA let the rover 　19　 there because Gale Crater used to hold a 　20　 filled with water.After the rover got there, it 　21　 some rocks in Gale Crater with onboard instruments.And it found minerals that had water 　22　 up in them.With the 　23　 the rover collected, the science and engineering teams on Earth were able to 　24　 that Gale Crater was once a lake.
　　One of the 　25　 the rover brought to Mars was a laser(激光器).It was used to study the composition of rocks and found molecules(分子) which contain oxygen.The rover’s 　26　 in Mars’ rocks tells scientists that at some 　27　 in Mars’ past, there was a lot of oxygen in the atmosphere, which is a 　28　 for most life.
　　Do you know what most living things need Water and oxygen! Where there was water and oxygen, there might have been life.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国航天局的“好奇号”火星探测器在火星上的任务及发现。
14.A.watery 　 B.dusty　 C.sandy　 D.grassy
【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:火星曾经是一个水的世界。watery水的,含水的;dusty布满灰尘的;sandy含沙的;grassy长满草的。根据下文“Gale Crater used to hold a ______filled with water”可知,火星曾经是一个水的世界,故选A。
√
15.A.quickly B.certainly
C.dangerously D.mysteriously
【解析】选D。考查副词词义辨析。句意:最神秘的是,这颗红色星球上曾经存在生命吗 quickly快速地;certainly当然;dangerously危险地;mysteriously神秘地。根据上句并结合下文提到任务是探测火星上是否有生命可知,mysteriously最符合语境,故选D。
√
16.A.get over B.make up
C.look for D.figure out
【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意:它的任务是弄清楚火星是否曾经是生物可以生存的地方。get over克服;make up构成;look for寻找;figure out弄清楚。下文“whether Mars was once a place”表示疑问,故此处指任务是弄清楚火星上是否曾经有生命,故选D。
√
17.A.grow B.survive C.move D.gather
【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。grow长大,成长;survive生存;move移动;gather聚集。结合上文“did life once exist on this Red Planet”可知,此处指火星是否曾经是生物可以生存的地方,故选B。
√
18.A.journey B.goal
C.performance D.struggle
【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意:探测器从Gale Crater开始了它的旅程。journey旅程;goal目标;performance表演;struggle挣扎。上文“NASA’s Curiosity Rover landed on Mars”提到,“好奇号”探测器降落在火星上,此处指它从Gale Crater开始了它的旅程,故选A。
√
19.A.hang B.work C.land D.pull
【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意:美国航天局让探测器在那里着陆是因为Gale Crater曾经有一个充满水的湖泊。hang悬挂;work工作;land降落,着陆;pull拉。根据上文“NASA’s Curiosity Rover landed on Mars”以及“The rover started its ______in a place called Gale Crater.”可知,探测器在火星上的Gale Crater着陆,故选C。
√
20.A.street B.plate C.pool D.lake
【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。street街道;plate盘子;pool水池;lake湖泊。根据空后“filled with water”以及本段末句中“Gale Crater was once a lake”可知,Gale Crater曾经有一个充满水的湖泊,故选D。
√
21.A.broke B.analyzed
C.obtained D.adjusted
【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意:探测器到达那里后,用机载仪器分析了Gale Crater的一些岩石。broke打破;analyzed分析;obtained获得;adjusted调整。根据“some rocks in Gale Crater with onboard instruments.And it found minerals...”可知,此处指用机载仪器分析了Gale Crater的一些岩石,并有所发现,故选B。
√
22.A.waken B.lifted C.lit D.locked
【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意:它发现了含有水分的矿物质。waken醒来;lifted举起;lit点燃;locked锁,使固定。关系代词that指代minerals,指里面锁有水分的矿物质,故选D。
√
23.A.data B.tips C.tricks D.tests
【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意:根据探测器收集的数据,地球上的科学和工程团队能够确认Gale Crater曾经是一个湖泊。data数据;tips建议;tricks技巧;tests测试。根据上文提到分析岩石以及空后“the rover collected”可知,此处指探测器收集的数据,故选A。
√
24.A.admit B.invent C.confirm D.accept
【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。admit承认;invent发明;confirm确认;accept接受。根据“Gale Crater was once a lake”可知,此处指根据数据能够确认Gale Crater曾经是一个湖泊,故选C。
√
25.A.tools B.projects C.orders D.facts
【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意:探测器带到火星的工具之一是激光器。tools工具;projects项目,工程;orders订单,命令;facts事实。根据“a laser”可知,此处指工具,故选A。
√
26.A.success B.attempt
C.discovery D.position
【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意:探测器在火星岩石中的发现告诉科学家,在火星过去的某个时刻,大气中有大量的氧气,这是大多数生命所必需的。success成功;attempt尝试;discovery发现;position位置。根据上文以及空后“tells scientists”可知,此处指探测器在火星岩石中的发现告诉科学家火星上曾经有氧气,故选C。
√
27.A.length B.level C.height D.point
【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。length长度;level水平;height高度;point点,时刻。根据空后“in Mars’ past”可知,此处指在火星过去的某个时刻,故选D。
√
28.A.sign B.rule C.will D.must
【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。sign标志;rule规则;will意愿;must必要条件,必须要做的事。which指代先行词oxygen,结合空后“for most life”和常识可知,氧气是大多数生命所必需的,故选D。
√Unit 4　Space Exploration
Step 1　题源研读·入境体验
Never-before-seen space explosion is incredibly bright but fades fast
前所未有的太空爆炸非常明亮,但消退速度很快
　　Astronomers have spotted an astonishingly bright explosion in the sky that doesn’t look like any supernova (超新星) we have ever seen before.It became brighter than most known supernovae before fading extremely quickly, making it a new type of object the researchers have named “luminous fast coolers”, or LFCs. Matt Nicholl at Queen’s University Belfast in the UK and his colleagues spotted the object, which is called AT2022aedm but nicknamed Adam, using the ATLAS network of telescopes in Hawaii, Chile and South Africa.They then took more measurements with other observatories around the world.In just nine days, Adam—which lies near the edge of a galaxy that is home to relatively old stars—became hundreds of billions of times as bright as the sun.It then faded almost completely within a month.We would expect a supernova that bright to fade to around half its peak brightness in the same time. “It’s a combination of properties that don’t match any known kind of object we’ve seen before,” says Nicholl.“We’ve seen really bright supernovae before and we’ve seen supernovae that fade really quickly, and we’ve seen supernovae in old galaxies, but never all three at the same time.” 　　The age of Adam’s host galaxy means that it doesn’t have the large, young stars that tend to go supernova.The fact that Adam is located far from its galaxy’s centre rules out the idea that it was caused by a process to do with the galaxy’s central supermassive black hole.Two stars smashing together wouldn’t get so bright. The remaining explanation is that Adam was caused by a rare intermediate-mass black hole tearing and eating a star.The process of the star ripping apart would cause the brightening, and intermediate-mass black holes are expected to be fast eaters, which could explain the speedy dimming. “That’s the hardest one to rule out, so it’s really the biggest option left standing now,” says Nicholl.But the observations aren’t a perfect match—a star being torn like that should create X-rays, but Adam created very few.The task of explaining Adam’s strange lack of X-rays remains an obstacle to understanding the explosion. —https://www./ (同源高考:2022年新高考Ⅰ卷D篇阅读选自本网站)
【名师原创】 1.What is the characteristic of Adam (C) A.Young.　　　 B.Common. C.Contradictory. D.Supermassive. 2.What most likely caused the explosion (D) A.Two stars smashing together. B.Central supermassive black holes. C.The gravity of the host galaxy. D.Intermediate-mass black holes. 【长难句分析】 It became brighter than most known supernovae before fading extremely quickly, making it a new type of object the researchers have named “luminous fast coolers”, or LFCs. 此句含有making...,是动词-ing形式作结果状语;后面的the researchers have named...是定语从句,省略了关系代词which/that。
Step 2　核心考点·探究突破
【重点单词】
1.determine vt.查明;确定;决定
【语境速测】
①(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)Scientists are still trying to determine (determine) how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns.
②Inspired by the fantastic scenery,I determined to create(create) a watercolor painting of the pond in the park.
③(2021·浙江高考)He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and determination(determine).
④I’m determined to perform well in the final exam, so I’m occupied in preparing for it.
→Determined to perform well in the final exam, I’m occupied in preparing for it.(分词短语作状语)
⑤Determined to study hard, he bored a hole in the wall to “steal” light from his neighbour to read at night.
决心努力学习,他在墙上凿了个洞从邻居家“偷”光,以便于晚上读书。
(1)determine to do sth.　 决定做某事
(2)determined adj.有决心的;意志坚定的
be determined to do sth. 下定决心做某事
(3)determination n.决定,确定;决心
with determination 坚决地
2.disappointed adj.失望的; 沮丧的
【语境速测】
①(2024·浙江1月高考)If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s what they’ll promote.But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed(disappoint).
②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)As the twins looked around them in disappointment(disappoint), their father appeared.
③Disappointed at his failing to win a prize, he locked himself in his room.
他因未能获奖而失望地把自己锁在房间里。
(1)be disappointed at/with/about sth.　 对某事失望
be disappointed in/with/by sb. 对某人感到失望
be disappointed to do sth. 对做某事失望
(2)disappointing adj.令人失望的; 令人扫兴的
(3)disappoint vt.使失望
(4)disappointment n.失望; 沮丧
to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是
3.desire n.渴望;欲望;愿望 vt.渴望;期望
【语境速测】
①(2024·北京高考)That dream reminded me that those fears and desires(desire) could encourage me to take risks and make experiments.
②If you desire to challenge (challenge) yourself, there is nothing to do with others’ thoughts.
③Knowing you have a strong desire to learn Chinese well,I’d like to offer you some suggestions.
得知你很想学好汉语,我想给你一些建议。
(1)have a desire to do sth.　渴望做某事
have a desire for sth. 渴望得到某物
(2)desire to do sth.　 渴望做某事
desire sb.to do sth. 渴望某人做某事
desire that...(should) do... 渴望……
4.signal vt.& vi.发信号 vt.表明;标志 n.信号;标志;预示;信号灯
【语境速测】
①I ran up to the car,took his arm and signalled him to follow (follow) me.
②The driver lifted up the injured boy,placed him in the car and rushed him to the hospital,ignoring the traffic signals(signal) all the way.
③When she got up from the table, it was obviously the signal for us to leave (leave).
④The bell signalled that school was over, and the students rose to their feet,seized their schoolbags and rushed out of the classroom like arrows.
铃声表示放学了,学生们站起来,抓起书包,像箭一样冲出教室。
(1)signal at/to sb.　　　　向某人发信号
signal (to) sb.to do sth. 示意某人做某事
signal (sb.) that... 示意(某人)……
(2)signals for sb.to do sth. 示意某人做某事
give/send a signal 发出信号
traffic signals 交通信号灯
5.lack n.短缺;缺乏vt.缺乏;没有
【语境速测】
①(2022·浙江高考)A lack of trust can make people work against you rather than for you.
②(2020·江苏高考)Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment.
③由于缺乏自信和经验,简完全不知道该如何应付这可怕的情况。
→For lack of confidence and experience, Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation. (介词短语)
→Lacking confidence and experience,Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation. (-ing形式作状语)
(1)for lack of...　因缺乏……
a lack of... 缺乏……
(2)lack sth. 缺少某物
(3)lacking adj.缺少的;没有的;欠缺的
be lacking in... 缺少……;……不足
6.argue vt.&vi.论证;争辩;争论;主张;认为;说服
【语境速测】
①(牛津高阶词典)We’re always arguing with each other about money.
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Most frequently,the groups reported that they “shared arguments(argue) and reasoned together.”
③He encouraged me and argued(argue) that I should work on the project alone.
④I thought I could argue my parents into allowing me to use my money as I wished.
我原以为我能说服父母允许我按照我自己的意愿花钱。
(1)argue with sb.about/over sth. 与某人争论某事
argue for/against (doing) sth. 据理力争/反对(做)某事
argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
argue that... 主张/争辩说……
(2)argument n.争论;争吵;论点
have an argument with sb.about/over sth. 与某人争吵/争论某事
beyond argument 无可争论
7.attach vt.系;绑;贴;重视;认为很重要或有意义
【语境速测】
①(2022·浙江高考)High levels of knowledge can make people too attached(attach) to traditional ways of viewing problems across fields—the arts, sciences, and politics.
②(2022·全国甲卷)He is attached to the old ferries.
③You can never attach too much importance to reading during the course of learning language.
在学习语言的过程中,你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。
(1)attach sth.to sth.　把……附在/贴在/固定在……上
attach importance/significance/value to 重视/认为……重要/有意义/有价值
attach oneself to sb. 缠着某人
(2)attached adj.(作表语)附属于;依恋
be attached to 附属于;依恋
(3)attachment n.附属物;爱慕,依恋
【核心短语】
8.carry on继续做;坚持干
【语境速测】
①(2024·全国甲卷)Readers are often carried away by characters.
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter.
③(朗文词典)I was flattered to be offered the job but wasn’t sure if I could carry it off.
④The proverb “Where there is a will, there is a way”reminded me that the path to success was not always smooth and encouraged me to carry on.
“有志者,事竟成”这句谚语提醒我,通往成功的道路并不总是平坦的,并鼓励我继续前进。
carry on with sth./doing sth.　继续/坚持做某事
carry sth.through 成功完成;顺利实现
carry sb. through sth. 帮助某人渡过难关
carry out 实行;执行;进行;履行(诺言、义务等)
be/get carried away 失去自制力; 变得很激动
carry sth.off 赢得;获得(奖品、荣誉等)
9.result in导致; 造成
【语境速测】
①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Somehow,these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting(result) in a more accurate estimate.
③(2022·全国乙卷)Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures.
④(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.
项目评估显示,由于上课,孩子们吃了更多的蔬菜。
result from　起因,由于 (后跟原因)
as a result of 由于 (后跟原因)
as a result 结果;因此
without result 没有结果;徒劳地
表示“导致”的词语或短语还有cause、lead to、bring about、give rise to、contribute to、account for等。
10.run out用完; 耗尽
【语境速测】
①(2021·浙江1月高考)You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water.
②David’s energy was running out but when he heard loud cheers from the other kids,he was plodding(步履艰难) his way towards the finish line,bathed in sweat.
③As we were lifted into the air, we saw the stubborn bear stop attacking and run away.
④Running out of energy and patience, Jane gave up her walking along the stream and fell to sleep.
由于耗尽了精力和耐心,简放弃了沿着小溪散步,睡着了。
(1)run out of及物动词短语,表示主动含义,主语一般为人
run out不及物动词短语,主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等 (常用进行时表将来)
use up　用尽;吃光 (及物动词短语,人作主语)
give out 用尽;用完;精疲力竭
(2)run across 偶然遇到
run after 追逐;追求
run into 撞上;遇上,偶然遇到;碰上(困境、麻烦等)
run for 竞选;匆匆去取
run away 逃跑
【经典句型】
11.This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.(P41)
这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性,哪怕面临巨大的风险。
【语境速测】
①(2024·全国甲卷)That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don’t usually like.
②That’s because people who run late tell themselves and others they can be punctual.
③The reason why I apply for the position is that I’m really interested in voluntary work.
我申请这个职位的原因是我对志愿工作很感兴趣。
This/That is because... 这/那是因为……(后加原因)
This/That is why... 这/那是为什么……(后加结果)
The reason why...is that... ……的原因是……
Step 3　跟踪评估·夯基提能
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources (resource) and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.
2.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns(pattern).
3.The prince had his servant attach a jade accessory to his robe carefully.
4.Being blamed (blame) by my father made me so sad that I hid my face in my hands,tears rolling down my face.
5.Artificial intelligence (intelligent) has been used in phones, which makes them seem to be intelligent.
6.There is no denying that China’s economy plays an important role in the global (globe) economy.
7.I desired to cycle (cycle) along the Mekong River with my friends.I was disappointed (disappoint) that my parents argued against my decision, but I was determined to have (have) a try.
Ⅱ.完成句子
【短语填空】
1.我很早就打电话给她,希望能在她上班前赶上她。
I called early in the hope of catching her before she went to work.
2.他观察蛇是为了描述它们的行为。
He observed the snakes so as to describe their behavior.
【句式仿写】
3.Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
仿写:谁是世界上第一个登上月球的人
Who was the first person in the world to land on the moon
4.This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
仿写:托尼被认为是英雄。那是因为他从河里救了一个孩子。
Tony is considered a hero.That is because he saved a child from the river.
Ⅲ.语篇填空
(黑体词是本单元核心词汇)
For years,people have always wanted to learn more about the 1.universe (universal).However, it was not until the mid-20th century that travelling into space became a reality.In 1957,the USSR 2.launched (launch) the Sputnik 1 satellite into space.In 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.In 1969, Neil Armstrong from America became the first person in the world 3.who stepped onto the moon.Following this, many more goals were achieved.Although some disasters brought much sadness and 4.disappointment (disappoint), the desire 5.to explore (explore) the universe did not die.
China’s space programme has made great progress in a short time.China became the third country in the world to 6.independently (independent) send humans into space in 2003, when Yang Liwei successfully 7.orbited (orbit) Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.Later, Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, followed 8.by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.In 2022,the launch of the Mengtian module 9.signaled(signal) the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station.This modern space station will allow astronauts 10.to conduct many important experiments.
Ⅳ.单元话题写作|人与自然
It was a Sunday morning.Betty woke up earlier than usual.She couldn’t sleep any longer because she was so excited that her uncle Mark was taking her to the beach.She had always loved going surfing with her uncle.She put her swimming suit on and took her bag quickly that she had prepared the night before and went outside to wait.She jumped up and down with joy when she saw her uncle’s red jeep turn the corner down her street.
Uncle Mark got out of the car and helped Betty get in.“Are you ready ” he asked.“Yes!” replied Betty.Uncle Mark could see the excitement in her face.Suddenly he said seriously, “Well, before we go, I have to let you know that a shark appeared recently where we’re going to surf today.” Scared and shocked, Betty couldn’t say a word.“Haha! I’m kidding you,” Uncle Mark burst out laughing.Betty laughed too.She knew Uncle Mark liked teasing others.“Let’s go and have some breakfast. I know just the place,” Uncle Mark said.They went to a breakfast shop and ate some tacos (炸玉米饼).
After breakfast the two of them went down to Pacific Beach and got their surfboards ready.“First you have to wax (打蜡) the bottom,” explained Uncle Mark.“I know.I’ve watched you do it before!” Betty said as she took the wax from Uncle Mark’s hand.It took about 15 minutes to wax the bottom of their boards.When Betty finished, Uncle Mark looked it over to make sure it was done well.“Nice job, Betty, you wax your board like a true surfer.”
Finally, they were ready to get into the water.They carried their boards down to the beach and went out into the water.Betty was overly excited and tried to rush to catch a wave.Predictably, she crashed and had to start over.Next was her uncle’s turn.He stood up on his first try and smoothly surfed the wave before jumping into the water.Betty cheered on her uncle’s perfect run.
　　注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
　　All of a sudden, Betty felt something touching the bottom of her foot. ________
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　　“Help! Help!” Betty screamed in horror.
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步骤一　快读文本　获取信息
1.故事发展线索:贝蒂要和叔叔去冲浪→叔叔开玩笑说有鲨鱼→吃早餐→做好准备→开始冲浪→鲨鱼袭来→获救
2.情感发展线索:兴奋→害怕、震惊→放松→高兴→恐惧→如释重负
步骤二　细读首句　合理推测
1.针对续写第一段首句All of a sudden, Betty felt something touching the bottom of her foot.设问:
(1)What touched the bottom of her foot
(2)How did she feel
(3)What would happen next Would the shark attack her
推测:因为文中提到叔叔说海里有鲨鱼,可能贝蒂真的遇到了鲨鱼,她肯定感到非常害怕,鲨鱼遇到了贝蒂,也很可能来攻击她。
2.针对续写第二段首句“Help! Help!” Betty screamed in horror.设问:
(1)How would Betty feel if no one came to help her
(2)Was she rescued at last Who would come to save her
(3)How would she feel if she was saved
推测:贝蒂大喊救命,开始没人听到,她感到绝望。就在慢慢失去意识时,她的叔叔听到喊叫,成功地把她救起。
步骤三　恰当用词　打造美句
1.不到一秒钟,她的脸颊就苍白了,一股寒意掠过她的全身。
Within a second, her cheeks paled, and a chill swept over her body.
2.一条鲨鱼,尾巴在抖动,下巴咔嗒作响,从海里跳了出来,然后又潜回水中。
A shark,its tail shaking, its jaw clicking, made a leap from the sea and afterwards dove back into the water.
3.贝蒂想象着鲨鱼用牙齿撕下腿上的肉,她心头猛地一沉,心提到了嗓子眼。
Picturing the shark teeth tore meat off her leg, Betty felt a sinking in her heart, and her heart in her throat.
4.太平洋的巨浪卷起,她的喉咙越来越紧,呼吸越来越困难。
The wave of the Pacific Ocean rose, tightening her throat, making it more and more hard to breathe.
5.在意识完全丧失之前,一个熟悉的声音打破了死寂。
Before the consciousness was lost totally, a familiar voice broke the dead silence.
6.是马克叔叔匆匆游近,一只手紧紧抓住贝蒂,把她拖向海滩。
It was Uncle Mark who swam close in a rush, grasped Betty firmly with one hand, and dragged her toward the beach.
步骤四　衔接过渡　组句成篇
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【参考范文】
　　All of a sudden, Betty felt something touching the bottom of her foot.Failing to resist the impulse of curiosity, she lowered her glance.Within a second, her cheeks paled, and a chill swept over her body.A set of fierce eyes came into her sight.A shark, its tail shaking, its jaw clicking, made a leap from the sea and afterwards dove back into the water.Picturing the shark teeth tore meat off her leg, Betty felt a sinking in her heart, and her heart in her throat.
“Help! Help!” Betty screamed in horror.No reply.All was silence.The wave of the Pacific Ocean rose, tightening her throat, making it more and more hard to breathe.“God bless,” she prayed desperately with quivering lips.Before the consciousness was lost totally, a familiar voice broke the dead silence.It was Uncle Mark who swam close in a rush, grasped Betty firmly with one hand, and dragged her toward the beach.With the tide gently rolling to her feet, Betty, sitting in the sand felt the wave of relief swept across the beach.
- 19 -(共65张PPT)
Unit 4　Space Exploration
Step 1　题源研读·入境体验
Step 3　跟踪评估·夯基提能
Step 2　核心考点·探究突破
Step 1　题源研读·入境体验
Never-before-seen space explosion is incredibly bright but fades fast
前所未有的太空爆炸非常明亮,但消退速度很快
　　Astronomers have spotted an astonishingly bright explosion in the sky that doesn’t look like any supernova (超新星) we have ever seen before.It became brighter than most known supernovae before fading extremely quickly, making it a new type of object the researchers have named “luminous fast coolers”, or LFCs.
　　Matt Nicholl at Queen’s University Belfast in the UK and his colleagues spotted the object, which is called AT2022aedm but nicknamed Adam, using the ATLAS network of telescopes in Hawaii, Chile and South Africa.They then took more measurements with other observatories around the world.In just nine days, Adam—which lies near the edge of a galaxy that is home to relatively old stars—became hundreds of billions of times as bright as the sun.It then faded almost completely within a month.We would expect a supernova that bright to fade to around half its peak brightness in the same time.
　　“It’s a combination of properties that don’t match any known kind of object we’ve seen before,” says Nicholl.“We’ve seen really bright supernovae before and we’ve seen supernovae that fade really quickly, and we’ve seen supernovae in old galaxies, but never all three at the same time.”
　　The age of Adam’s host galaxy means that it doesn’t have the large, young stars that tend to go supernova.The fact that Adam is located far from its galaxy’s centre rules out the idea that it was caused by a process to do with the galaxy’s central supermassive black hole.Two stars smashing together wouldn’t get so bright.
　　The remaining explanation is that Adam was caused by a rare intermediate-mass black hole tearing and eating a star.The process of the star ripping apart would cause the brightening, and intermediate-mass black holes are expected to be fast eaters, which could explain the speedy dimming.
　　“That’s the hardest one to rule out, so it’s really the biggest option left standing now,” says Nicholl.But the observations aren’t a perfect match—a star being torn like that should create X-rays, but Adam created very few.The task of explaining Adam’s strange lack of X-rays remains an obstacle to understanding the explosion.
—https://www./
(同源高考:2022年新高考Ⅰ卷D篇阅读选自本网站)
【名师原创】
1.What is the characteristic of Adam (　　)
A.Young.　　　
B.Common.
C.Contradictory.
D.Supermassive.
√
2.What most likely caused the explosion (　　)
A.Two stars smashing together.
B.Central supermassive black holes.
C.The gravity of the host galaxy.
D.Intermediate-mass black holes.
√
【长难句分析】
It became brighter than most known supernovae before fading extremely quickly,
making it a new type of object the researchers have named “luminous fast coolers”, or LFCs.
此句含有making...,是动词-ing形式作_________;后面的the researchers have
named...是_________,省略了关系代词which/that。
结果状语
定语从句
Step 2　核心考点·探究突破
【重点单词】
1.determine vt.查明;确定;决定
【语境速测】
①(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)Scientists are still trying ____________(determine) how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns.
②Inspired by the fantastic scenery,I determined ________(create) a watercolor painting of the pond in the park.
to determine
to create
③(2021·浙江高考)He built a hugely successful career with little more than
plain old hard work and _____________(determine).
④I’m determined to perform well in the final exam, so I’m occupied in
preparing for it.
→_________________________in the final exam, I’m occupied in preparing
for it.(分词短语作状语)
⑤_______________________, he bored a hole in the wall to “steal” light from
his neighbour to read at night.
决心努力学习,他在墙上凿了个洞从邻居家“偷”光,以便于晚上读书。
determination
Determined to perform well
Determined to study hard
(1)determine to do sth.　 决定做某事
(2)determined adj.有决心的;意志坚定的
be determined to do sth. 下定决心做某事
(3)determination n.决定,确定;决心
with determination 坚决地
2.disappointed adj.失望的; 沮丧的
【语境速测】
①(2024·浙江1月高考)If most of their customers are happy to buy larger
quantities, that’s what they’ll promote.But that leaves the solo (单独) customers
out of pocket and ____________(disappoint).
②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)As the twins looked around them in ______________
(disappoint), their father appeared.
③____________________________________, he locked himself in his room.
他因未能获奖而失望地把自己锁在房间里。
disappointed
disappointment
Disappointed at his failing to win a prize
(1)be disappointed at/with/about sth. 对某事失望
be disappointed in/with/by sb. 对某人感到失望
be disappointed to do sth. 对做某事失望
(2)disappointing adj.令人失望的; 令人扫兴的
(3)disappoint vt.使失望
(4)disappointment n.失望; 沮丧
to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是
3.desire n.渴望;欲望;愿望 vt.渴望;期望
【语境速测】
①(2024·北京高考)That dream reminded me that those fears and _______(desire)
could encourage me to take risks and make experiments.
②If you desire ____________(challenge) yourself, there is nothing to do with
others’ thoughts.
③________________________________________________,I’d like to offer
you some suggestions.
得知你很想学好汉语,我想给你一些建议。
desires
to challenge
Knowing you have a strong desire to learn Chinese well
(1)have a desire to do sth.　 渴望做某事
have a desire for sth. 渴望得到某物
(2)desire to do sth.　 渴望做某事
desire sb.to do sth. 渴望某人做某事
desire that...(should) do... 渴望……
4.signal vt.& vi.发信号 vt.表明;标志 n.信号;标志;预示;信号灯
【语境速测】
①I ran up to the car,took his arm and signalled him _________(follow) me.
②The driver lifted up the injured boy,placed him in the car and rushed him to
the hospital,ignoring the traffic _______(signal) all the way.
to follow
signals
③When she got up from the table, it was obviously the signal for us ________
(leave).
④__________________________________, and the students rose to their
feet,seized their schoolbags and rushed out of the classroom like arrows.
铃声表示放学了,学生们站起来,抓起书包,像箭一样冲出教室。
to leave
The bell signalled that school was over
(1)signal at/to sb.　　　　 向某人发信号
signal (to) sb.to do sth. 示意某人做某事
signal (sb.) that... 示意(某人)……
(2)signals for sb.to do sth. 示意某人做某事
give/send a signal 发出信号
traffic signals 交通信号灯
5.lack n.短缺;缺乏vt.缺乏;没有
【语境速测】
①(2022·浙江高考)A lack ___ trust can make people work against you rather
than for you.
②(2020·江苏高考)Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered
from blindness ____ lack of proper treatment.
of
for
③由于缺乏自信和经验,简完全不知道该如何应付这可怕的情况。
→_________________________________, Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation. (介词短语)
→_______________________________,Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation. (-ing形式作状语)
For lack of confidence and experience
Lacking confidence and experience
(1)for lack of...　 因缺乏……
a lack of... 缺乏……
(2)lack sth. 缺少某物
(3)lacking adj.缺少的;没有的;欠缺的
be lacking in... 缺少……;……不足
6.argue vt.&vi.论证;争辩;争论;主张;认为;说服
【语境速测】
①(牛津高阶词典)We’re always arguing _____ each other ______ money.
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Most frequently,the groups reported that they “shared
__________(argue) and reasoned together.”
③He encouraged me and _______(argue) that I should work on the project alone.
④I thought I could ______________________________________________as
I wished.
我原以为我能说服父母允许我按照我自己的意愿花钱。
with
about
arguments
argued
argue my parents into allowing me to use my money
(1)argue with sb.about/over sth. 与某人争论某事
argue for/against (doing) sth. 据理力争/反对(做)某事
argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
argue that... 主张/争辩说……
(2)argument n.争论;争吵;论点
have an argument with sb.about/over sth. 与某人争吵/争论某事
beyond argument 无可争论
7.attach vt.系;绑;贴;重视;认为很重要或有意义
【语境速测】
①(2022·浙江高考)High levels of knowledge can make people too ________
(attach) to traditional ways of viewing problems across fields—the arts, sciences,
and politics.
②(2022·全国甲卷)He is attached ___ the old ferries.
③You can ________________________________________during the course
of learning language.
在学习语言的过程中,你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。
attached
to
never attach too much importance to reading
(1)attach sth.to sth.　 把……附在/贴在/固定在……上
attach importance/significance/value to
重视/认为……重要/有意义/有价值
attach oneself to sb. 缠着某人
(2)attached adj.(作表语)附属于;依恋
be attached to 附属于;依恋
(3)attachment n.附属物;爱慕,依恋
【核心短语】
8.carry on继续做;坚持干
【语境速测】
①(2024·全国甲卷)Readers are often carried ______ by characters.
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through
carrying ____ your own digital declutter.
③(朗文词典)I was flattered to be offered the job but wasn’t sure if I could
carry it ___.
away
out
off
④The proverb “Where there is a will, there is a way”reminded me that the
path to success was not always smooth and ________________________.
“有志者,事竟成”这句谚语提醒我,通往成功的道路并不总是平坦的,并鼓励我继续前进。
encouraged me to carry on
carry on with sth./doing sth.　 继续/坚持做某事
carry sth.through 成功完成;顺利实现
carry sb. through sth. 帮助某人渡过难关
carry out 实行;执行;进行;履行(诺言、义务等)
be/get carried away 失去自制力; 变得很激动
carry sth.off 赢得;获得(奖品、荣誉等)
9.result in导致; 造成
【语境速测】
①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Somehow,these arguments and reasoning resulted ___ a
global reduction in error.
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) When enough of these errors are averaged together, they
cancel each other out, _________(result) in a more accurate estimate.
in
resulting
③(2022·全国乙卷)Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a
result ___ manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury
figures.
④(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables
_____________________.
项目评估显示,由于上课,孩子们吃了更多的蔬菜。
of
as a result of the classes
result from　 起因,由于 (后跟原因)
as a result of 由于 (后跟原因)
as a result 结果;因此
without result 没有结果;徒劳地
表示“导致”的词语或短语还有cause、lead to、bring about、give rise to、contribute to、account for等。
10.run out用完; 耗尽
【语境速测】
①(2021·浙江1月高考)You run ____ the grocery store to pick up one bottle of
water.
②David’s energy was running ____ but when he heard loud cheers from the other
kids,he was plodding(步履艰难) his way towards the finish line,bathed in sweat.
③As we were lifted into the air, we saw the stubborn bear stop attacking and
run ______.
into
out
away
④________________________________, Jane gave up her walking along the stream and fell to sleep.
由于耗尽了精力和耐心,简放弃了沿着小溪散步,睡着了。
Running out of energy and patience
(1)run out of及物动词短语,表示主动含义,主语一般为人
run out不及物动词短语,主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等 (常用进行时表将来)
use up　 用尽;吃光 (及物动词短语,人作主语)
give out 用尽;用完;精疲力竭
(2)run across 偶然遇到
run after 追逐;追求
run into 撞上;遇上,偶然遇到;碰上(困境、麻烦等)
run for 竞选;匆匆去取
run away 逃跑
【经典句型】
11.This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.(P41)
这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性,哪怕面临巨大的风险。
【语境速测】
①(2024·全国甲卷)That’s _____ most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don’t usually like.
②That’s ________ people who run late tell themselves and others they can be punctual.
③_________________________________________I’m really interested in voluntary work.
我申请这个职位的原因是我对志愿工作很感兴趣。
why
because
The reason why I apply for the position is that
This/That is because... 这/那是因为……(后加原因)
This/That is why... 这/那是为什么……(后加结果)
The reason why...is that... ……的原因是……
Step 3　跟踪评估·夯基提能
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in
restoring sensitive _________ (resource) and protecting endangered species
across the ridges and valleys.
2.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants,
insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data
represent actual global biodiversity ________(pattern).
resources
patterns
3.The prince had his servant attach a jade accessory ___ his robe carefully.
4._____________(blame) by my father made me so sad that I hid my face in
my hands,tears rolling down my face.
5.Artificial ___________ (intelligent) has been used in phones, which makes
them seem to be intelligent.
6.There is no denying that China’s economy plays an important role in the
______ (globe) economy.
to
Being blamed
intelligence
global
7.I desired ________(cycle) along the Mekong River with my friends.I was
____________ (disappoint) that my parents argued against my decision, but I
was determined ________(have) a try.
to cycle
disappointed
to have
Ⅱ.完成句子
【短语填空】
1.我很早就打电话给她,希望能在她上班前赶上她。
I called early _____________catching her before she went to work.
2.他观察蛇是为了描述它们的行为。
He observed the snakes ________describe their behavior.
in the hope of
so as to
【句式仿写】
3.Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
仿写:谁是世界上第一个登上月球的人
____________________________________________________
Who was the first person in the world to land on the moon
4.This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space
exploration despite the huge risks.
仿写:托尼被认为是英雄。那是因为他从河里救了一个孩子。
________________________________________________________________
Tony is considered a hero.That is because he saved a child from the river.
Ⅲ.语篇填空
(黑体词是本单元核心词汇)
　　For years,people have always wanted to learn more about the 1.________
(universal).However, it was not until the mid-20th century that travelling into
space became a reality.In 1957,the USSR 2._________ (launch) the Sputnik 1
satellite into space.In 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world
to enter space.In 1969, Neil Armstrong from America became the first person in
the world 3._____ stepped onto the moon.Following this, many more goals were
achieved.Although some disasters brought much sadness and 4.______________
(disappoint), the desire 5.__________(explore) the universe did not die.
universe
launched
who
disappointment
to explore
　　China’s space programme has made great progress in a short time.China
became the third country in the world to 6._____________ (independent) send
humans into space in 2003, when Yang Liwei successfully 7._______ (orbit)
Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.Later, Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a
second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, followed 8.___ the vehicle
Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.In 2022,the launch of the
Mengtian module 9.________(signal) the basic completion of the Tiangong
Space Station.This modern space station will allow astronauts 10.___ conduct
many important experiments.
independently
orbited
by
signaled
to
Ⅳ.单元话题写作|人与自然
　It was a Sunday morning.Betty woke up earlier than usual.She couldn’t sleep any longer because she was so excited that her uncle Mark was taking her to the beach.She had always loved going surfing with her uncle.She put her swimming suit on and took her bag quickly that she had prepared the night before and went outside to wait.She jumped up and down with joy when she saw her uncle’s red jeep turn the corner down her street.
　Uncle Mark got out of the car and helped Betty get in.“Are you ready ” he asked.“Yes!” replied Betty.Uncle Mark could see the excitement in her face.Suddenly he said seriously, “Well, before we go, I have to let you know that a shark appeared recently where we’re going to surf today.” Scared and shocked, Betty couldn’t say a word.“Haha! I’m kidding you,” Uncle Mark burst out laughing.Betty laughed too.She knew Uncle Mark liked teasing others.“Let’s go and have some breakfast. I know just the place,” Uncle Mark said.They went to a breakfast shop and ate some tacos (炸玉米饼).
　After breakfast the two of them went down to Pacific Beach and got their surfboards ready.“First you have to wax (打蜡) the bottom,” explained Uncle Mark.“I know.I’ve watched you do it before!” Betty said as she took the wax from Uncle Mark’s hand.It took about 15 minutes to wax the bottom of their boards.When Betty finished, Uncle Mark looked it over to make sure it was done well.“Nice job, Betty, you wax your board like a true surfer.”
　Finally, they were ready to get into the water.They carried their boards down to the beach and went out into the water.Betty was overly excited and tried to rush to catch a wave.Predictably, she crashed and had to start over.Next was her uncle’s turn.He stood up on his first try and smoothly surfed the wave before jumping into the water.Betty cheered on her uncle’s perfect run.
　　注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
　　All of a sudden, Betty felt something touching the bottom of her foot.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
　　“Help! Help!” Betty screamed in horror._________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
步骤一　快读文本　获取信息
1.故事发展线索:贝蒂要和叔叔去冲浪→叔叔开玩笑说有鲨鱼→吃早餐→做好准备→开始冲浪→鲨鱼袭来→获救
2.情感发展线索:兴奋→害怕、震惊→放松→高兴→恐惧→如释重负
步骤二　细读首句　合理推测
1.针对续写第一段首句All of a sudden, Betty felt something touching the bottom of her foot.设问:
(1)What touched the bottom of her foot
(2)How did she feel
(3)What would happen next Would the shark attack her
推测:因为文中提到叔叔说海里有鲨鱼,可能贝蒂真的遇到了鲨鱼,她肯定感到非常害怕,鲨鱼遇到了贝蒂,也很可能来攻击她。
2.针对续写第二段首句“Help! Help!” Betty screamed in horror.设问:
(1)How would Betty feel if no one came to help her
(2)Was she rescued at last Who would come to save her
(3)How would she feel if she was saved
推测:贝蒂大喊救命,开始没人听到,她感到绝望。就在慢慢失去意识时,她的叔叔听到喊叫,成功地把她救起。
步骤三　恰当用词　打造美句
1.不到一秒钟,她的脸颊就苍白了,一股寒意掠过她的全身。
Within a second, her cheeks paled, and ________________________.
2.一条鲨鱼,尾巴在抖动,下巴咔嗒作响,从海里跳了出来,然后又潜回水中。
A shark,___________________________, made a leap from the sea and afterwards dove back into the water.
a chill swept over her body
its tail shaking, its jaw clicking
3.贝蒂想象着鲨鱼用牙齿撕下腿上的肉,她心头猛地一沉,心提到了嗓子眼。
________________________________________, Betty felt a sinking in her
heart, and ____________________.
4.太平洋的巨浪卷起,她的喉咙越来越紧,呼吸越来越困难。
The wave of the Pacific Ocean rose, ___________________, making it more
and more hard to breathe.
Picturing the shark teeth tore meat off her leg
her heart in her throat
tightening her throat
5.在意识完全丧失之前,一个熟悉的声音打破了死寂。
___________________________________, a familiar voice broke the dead silence.
6.是马克叔叔匆匆游近,一只手紧紧抓住贝蒂,把她拖向海滩。
_______________________________________, grasped Betty firmly with one hand, and dragged her toward the beach.
Before the consciousness was lost totally
It was Uncle Mark who swam close in a rush
步骤四　衔接过渡　组句成篇
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
　　All of a sudden, Betty felt something touching the bottom of her foot.Failing to resist the impulse of curiosity, she lowered her glance.Within a second, her cheeks paled, and a chill swept over her body.A set of fierce eyes came into her sight.A shark, its tail shaking, its jaw clicking, made a leap from the sea and afterwards dove back into the water.Picturing the shark teeth tore meat off her leg, Betty felt a sinking in her heart, and her heart in her throat.
　　“Help! Help!” Betty screamed in horror.No reply.All was silence.The wave of the Pacific Ocean rose, tightening her throat, making it more and more hard to breathe.“God bless,” she prayed desperately with quivering lips.Before the consciousness was lost totally, a familiar voice broke the dead silence.It was Uncle Mark who swam close in a rush, grasped Betty firmly with one hand, and dragged her toward the beach.With the tide gently rolling to her feet, Betty, sitting in the sand felt the wave of relief swept across the beach.课时跟踪训练 Unit 4　Space Exploration
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分20分)
A
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
阅读 理解 1—4 √ 中国首颗可重复使用卫星 2026·南开模拟 人与社会 和物理、地理的结合
　　China’s first reusable satellite returned to Earth on Friday morning and was recovered at its predetermined landing site in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, according to the China National Space Administration.
The administration said in a news release that the Shijian-19 satellite touched down at the Dongfeng Landing Site at 10:39 am and was then opened by ground recovery personnel sent by the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center to take out mission payloads.There were plant seeds, microorganism samples, technology demonstration devices,space experimental instruments as well as cultural items placed inside the satellite.Moreover, the Shijian-19 carried science payloads from five nations, including Thailand and Pakistan, according to the administration.The spacecraft was taken into space by a Long March 2D carrier rocket that lifted off from the Jiuquan spaceport on Sept.27, 2024.
China launched its first recoverable satellite in 1975, becoming the third nation, after the United States and the Soviet Union, to have such a spacecraft.The country has launched nearly 30 such spacecraft since then.These satellites have enabled Chinese scientists to carry out hundreds of space-based experiments and tests.However, none of them could be reused, which means they would retire as soon as their payloads were taken out.
Wang Yanan, the chief editor of Aerospace Knowledge magazine, said that reusable satellites can complement China’s Tiangong space station when it comes to conducting space-based experiments and tests.
Due to the rapid advances in China’s science and technology, we have witnessed an increasing number of scientific experiments and technological tests waiting to be taken into orbit.And that means you could either wait in a long line for an opportunity(for a payload to be carried) onboard the space station or wait for an unpredictable period of time for a place on the next recoverable satellite.
“Now, with the service of the new reusable satellite, researchers will have more opportunities to send their experiments or tests into space, and this new platform promises shorter waits and lower costs, which will definitely be attractive,” he said.
【语篇属性】
语篇类型 新闻报道 主题语境 人与社会
语篇内容 文章报道了中国首颗可重复使用卫星成功返回地球并在内蒙古预定着陆点回收的事件,介绍了其携带的多种实验载荷、意义及其与中国空间站的互补关系
语篇结构 Para.1 报道中国首颗可重复使用卫星成功返回并回收
Para.2 详细介绍卫星携带的各类实验载荷和国际合作项目
Para.3 回顾中国可回收卫星的发展历史,点明此前卫星不可重复使用的局限
Paras.4—6 引用专家观点,阐述可重复使用卫星与天宫空间站的互补关系及其为太空研究带来的新机遇
1.Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “payloads” in Paragraph 2
A.Satellite fuel.
B.Experimental data.
C.Objects transported.
D.Aerospace personnel.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干关键信息:payloads;Paragraph 2
定信息 定位至第二段,关键句为“...to take out mission payloads.There were plant seeds, microorganism samples, technology demonstration devices, space experimental instruments as well as cultural items placed inside the satellite.”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误
A Satellite fuel. 曲解词义
B Experimental data. 曲解词义
C Objects transported. 正确,后续列举的种子、样本、设备等均为“被运送的物品”
D Aerospace personnel. 曲解词义
分析:选C。根据画线词后列举的“植物种子、微生物样本、技术演示装置”等具体物品可知,“payloads”在此语境下指“被运送的物品”
2.What role do reusable satellites play alongside the Tiangong space station
A.They complement it.
B.They compete with it.
C.They replace it entirely.
D.They are unrelated to it.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干关键信息:role;alongside the Tiangong space station
定信息 定位至第四段,关键句为“...reusable satellites can complement China’s Tiangong space station...”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误
A They complement it. 正确,直接对应原文“complement”
B They compete with it. 曲解文意
C They replace it entirely. 曲解文意
D They are unrelated to it. 曲解文意
分析:选A。第四段明确说明,可重复使用卫星在开展太空实验和测试方面可以与中国天宫空间站形成“互补(complement)”关系
3.What can we infer from what Wang Yanan said in the last paragraph
A.Recoverable satellites are very limited in space.
B.Advanced experiments should be conducted in space.
C.Reusable satellites bring hope to space-based studies.
D.Scientists can rely on the space station to do experiments.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干关键信息:infer;Wang Yanan said in the last paragraph
定信息 定位至最后一段,关键句为“...researchers will have more opportunities...this new platform promises shorter waits and lower costs, which will definitely be attractive...”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误
A Recoverable satellites are very limited in space. 张冠李戴
B Advanced experiments should be conducted in space. 无中生有
C Reusable satellites bring hope to space-based studies. 正确,“more opportunities” “shorter waits” “lower costs” 都指向了积极前景和希望
D Scientists can rely on the space station to do experiments. 曲解文意
分析:选C。王亚男在最后一段指出,这颗新的可重复使用卫星将为研究人员提供“更多机会”“更短等待时间”和“更低成本”,这些积极评价都暗示可重复使用卫星为太空研究带来了新的希望
4.What’s the best title for the passage
A.The History of China’s Satellites
B.China’s First Reusable Satellite Returned
C.An Introduction to China’s Space Station
D.Satellite Launching in Different Countries
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干关键信息:best title
定信息 需综合全文信息,尤其是首段
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误
A The History of China’s Satellites 以偏概全,历史回顾仅为支撑细节,非核心事件
B China’s First Reusable Satellite Returned 正确,精准概括了首段核心,且全文围绕其展开
C An Introduction to China’s Space Station 偏离主线,空间站仅为文中用于比较的一个方面
D Satellite Launching in Different Countries 无中生有,文章未进行跨国比较
分析:选B。文章开篇点明核心事件“中国首颗可重复使用卫星返回”,后续内容均围绕此事的意义、载荷、历史背景及前景展开,因此B选项是最佳标题
B
(2025·广州模拟)
　　If you ever wondered what your child’s drawings might reveal, keep on reading.
Imagine how you would feel when looking at Earth from outer space.That feeling of awe is what we call the Overview Effect, a feeling most astronauts report when they return to Earth, described as a transformative experience that changes their view of our planet and humanity—an experience that builds a sense of unity, interconnectedness, and responsibility for Earth’s well-being.Recently, 40,000 children experienced a virtual reality(VR) space journey, making them a unique group to have the chance to experience this awesome feeling without leaving Earth.
To find out whether they had experienced the Overview Effect, we asked 100 children from this special group to draw self-images before and after the VR journey.In previous studies on adults, we found that after viewing a video to bring about the Overview Effect, participants tended to draw a smaller self.Apparently, going through the experience of awe and wonder makes one feel smaller, with a smaller drawing as the result.However, when we applied this method to children, we encountered unexpected results.The size of their drawings remained unchanged after the VR experience.This discrepancy led us to question:Were drawings by children simply not a good way to measure the Overview Effect Did what worked for adults simply not work for children
Upon closer analysis, we discovered that the key to measuring transformative experiences in children lies not in the size of their drawings but in the richness of their content.Before the VR journey, the children’s drawings were simple, often showing familiar elements from their daily lives.After the journey, their drawings became far more insightful, filled with vivid descriptions indicative of what they had learned during the VR journey—for example, the Earth’s ecology.This discovery gave us a new way to understand children’s responses to transformative experiences.
I’m not proposing that we replace tests in schools with children’s drawings.But when it comes to transformative experiences, I’d recommend paying more attention to what children actually draw.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了从太空看地球会产生概览效应,即太空之旅会帮助人们对世界有更深入的了解,经历过虚拟太空之旅的儿童绘画内容更加丰富且更具洞察力,这给人们提供了一种了解儿童对变革性体验的反应的新方法。
5.How can we describe the Overview Effect
A.It expresses man’s view of Earth and humanity.
B.It helps people get deeper insights into the world.
C.It brings about awesome feelings of the outer space.
D.It is a transformative experience unique to astronauts.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段“That feeling of awe is what we call the Overview Effect, a feeling most astronauts report when they return to Earth, described as a transformative experience that changes their view of our planet and humanity—an experience that builds a sense of unity, interconnectedness, and responsibility for Earth’s well-being.”可知,概览效应是一种敬畏感,这种感觉被描述为一种改变人们对地球和人类看法的变革性体验,这种体验建立了一种团结、相互联系和对地球福祉的责任感,说明概览效应帮助人们对世界有更深入的了解。故选B。
6.What does the underlined word “discrepancy” mean in Paragraph 3
A.Problem.　　　　　 B.Progress.
C.Doubt. D.Difference.
【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据第三段中“In previous studies on adults, we found that after viewing a video to bring about the Overview Effect, participants tended to draw a smaller self.”和“However, when we applied this method to children, we encountered unexpected results.The size of their drawings remained unchanged after the VR experience.”可知, 在之前针对成年人的研究中,在观看过引起概览效应的视频后,参与者倾向于画更小的自己。然而,当把这种方法运用到孩子身上时,却得到了意想不到的结果。VR体验后,他们自画像的尺寸没有变化,说明经历过VR体验后,成年人的画和儿童的画存在不同。故选D。
7.How did the children’s drawings change after the VR journey
A.The self-images became larger.
B.They described more details.
C.There were more familiar elements.
D.They expressed richer emotions.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段中“After the journey, their drawings became far more insightful, filled with vivid descriptions indicative of what they had learned during the VR journey”可知,VR之旅结束后,他们的画变得更加富有洞察力,充满了生动的描述,体现出他们在VR旅途中学到的知识,说明在VR旅途后,儿童的画描述了更多的细节。故选B。
8.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A.To suggest a way of measuring children’s learning.
B.To compare adults’ and children’s Overview Effect.
C.To analyze the role of VR technology in children’s education.
D.To describe the psychological experience of space travel.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“This discovery gave us a new way to understand children’s responses to transformative experiences.”和最后一段的内容可知, 这个发现会给我们一种新的方法来了解儿童对变革性体验的反应。作者并不是建议用绘画代替学校里的考试。但是当说到变革性体验时,作者建议更多地关注儿童实际上画了什么,说明作者的写作目的在于提出一种衡量儿童学习能力的方法。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
七选五 9— 13 √ 太空探索的意义及深远影响 2026·江西模拟 人与社会 和物理、地 理的结合
　　As space exploration develops, it brings lots of benefits, ranging from economy to technology.It also opens up new frontiers for human potential and ambition.
Scientific discovery
　9　.Missions to Mars, the Moon, and beyond provide insights into planetary formation, the potential for life on other planets, and the origins of the universe.For example, studying the atmospheres of exoplanets helps scientists assess their habitability.
Technological advancements
Space exploration has led to the development of numerous technologies that have practical applications on the Earth.　10　, and the technology applied in satellite navigation systems was originally developed for space missions and is now used in everyday life.
　11　
Research conducted in space can help solve pressing global issues, such as climate change and food security.For example, studying how to grow food in space can provide insights into agricultural practices on the Earth, especially in extreme conditions.
Economic growth and job creation
The space industry is a significant driver of economic growth, creating high-paying jobs in STEM fields.　12　, and the growing space sector is expected to create even more employment opportunities.Additionally, the potential for space mining could lead to new economic opportunities.
In conclusion, the advantages of space exploration are far-reaching.Beyond the field of scientific discovery, it drives significant progress in technology, fuels economic expansion, and develops international cooperation.Moreover, space exploration inspires the imagination and expectation of younger generations.　13　.
A.Addressing global challenges
B.Adapting to extreme conditions
C.For example, satellite communications have come from space research
D.Together, these elements shape a brighter and more informed future for all
E.Some companies hire thousands of skilled workers to carry out space research
F.As you know, astronauts have had difficulty doing space research for a long time
G.Exploring space improves our understanding of the universe and our place within it
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述太空探索在多方面带来的益处及深远影响。
9.【解析】选G。本段小标题“Scientific discovery(科学发现)”及下文“Missions to Mars, the Moon, and beyond provide insights into planetary formation, the potential for life on other planets, and the origins of the universe.”说明本段围绕太空探索对科学发现的意义展开,G选项“探索太空增进了我们对宇宙以及我们在宇宙中位置的理解”符合语境,与上下文衔接紧密。故选G。
10.【解析】选C。上文“Space exploration has led to the development of numerous technologies that have practical applications on the Earth.”说明太空探索催生了很多实用技术,空处应举例说明有哪些技术,C选项“例如,卫星通信就源自太空研究”符合语境,是对上文的举例说明。故选C。
11.【解析】选A。空处为小标题,根据“Research conducted in space can help solve pressing global issues, such as climate change and food security.”可知,本段主要介绍了太空探索有助于解决全球性问题,空处需概括本段主旨,A选项“应对全球挑战”准确概括段落内容,适合作为本段小标题。故选A。
12.【解析】选E。上文“The space industry is a significant driver of economic growth, creating high-paying jobs in STEM fields.”说明太空产业创造了高薪工作,空处应举例说明太空产业创造工作的情况,E选项“一些公司雇用了数千名技术工人进行太空研究”符合语境,是对上文的举例说明。故选E。
13.【解析】选D。上文总结了太空探索的诸多优势,空处应说明这些优势带来的结果,D选项“这些因素共同为所有人塑造了一个更光明、更有见识的未来”符合语境,承接上文,其中“these elements”指代上文提到的太空探索的诸多优势。故选D。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
完形填空 14—28 √ 美国航天局的“好奇号”火星探测器 2026·许昌模拟 人与社会 —
　　In many ways, Mars is like Earth’s twin.But in many more ways, Mars is nothing like Earth.Mars was once a 　14　 world.But what happened to Mars And most 　15　, did life once exist on this Red Planet In August, 2012, NASA’s Curiosity Rover(探测器) landed on Mars.Its mission was to 　16　 whether Mars was once a place where living things could 　17　.
The rover started its 　18　 in a place called Gale Crater(坑).It’s a huge crater, stretching 154 kilometers wide.In the center is a mountain called Mount Sharp.NASA let the rover 　19　 there because Gale Crater used to hold a 　20　 filled with water.After the rover got there, it 　21　 some rocks in Gale Crater with onboard instruments.And it found minerals that had water 　22　 up in them.With the 　23　 the rover collected, the science and engineering teams on Earth were able to 　24　 that Gale Crater was once a lake.
One of the 　25　 the rover brought to Mars was a laser(激光器).It was used to study the composition of rocks and found molecules(分子) which contain oxygen.The rover’s 　26　 in Mars’ rocks tells scientists that at some 　27　 in Mars’ past, there was a lot of oxygen in the atmosphere, which is a 　28　 for most life.
Do you know what most living things need Water and oxygen! Where there was water and oxygen, there might have been life.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国航天局的“好奇号”火星探测器在火星上的任务及发现。
14.A.watery 　 B.dusty　 C.sandy　 D.grassy
【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:火星曾经是一个水的世界。watery水的,含水的;dusty布满灰尘的;sandy含沙的;grassy长满草的。根据下文“Gale Crater used to hold a ______filled with water”可知,火星曾经是一个水的世界,故选A。
15.A.quickly B.certainly
C.dangerously D.mysteriously
【解析】选D。考查副词词义辨析。句意:最神秘的是,这颗红色星球上曾经存在生命吗 quickly快速地;certainly当然;dangerously危险地;mysteriously神秘地。根据上句并结合下文提到任务是探测火星上是否有生命可知,mysteriously最符合语境,故选D。
16.A.get over B.make up
C.look for D.figure out
【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意:它的任务是弄清楚火星是否曾经是生物可以生存的地方。get over克服;make up构成;look for寻找;figure out弄清楚。下文“whether Mars was once a place”表示疑问,故此处指任务是弄清楚火星上是否曾经有生命,故选D。
17.A.grow B.survive C.move D.gather
【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。grow长大,成长;survive生存;move移动;gather聚集。结合上文“did life once exist on this Red Planet”可知,此处指火星是否曾经是生物可以生存的地方,故选B。
18.A.journey B.goal
C.performance D.struggle
【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意:探测器从Gale Crater开始了它的旅程。journey旅程;goal目标;performance表演;struggle挣扎。上文“NASA’s Curiosity Rover landed on Mars”提到,“好奇号”探测器降落在火星上,此处指它从Gale Crater开始了它的旅程,故选A。
19.A.hang B.work C.land D.pull
【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意:美国航天局让探测器在那里着陆是因为Gale Crater曾经有一个充满水的湖泊。hang悬挂;work工作;land降落,着陆;pull拉。根据上文“NASA’s Curiosity Rover landed on Mars”以及“The rover started its ______in a place called Gale Crater.”可知,探测器在火星上的Gale Crater着陆,故选C。
20.A.street B.plate C.pool D.lake
【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。street街道;plate盘子;pool水池;lake湖泊。根据空后“filled with water”以及本段末句中“Gale Crater was once a lake”可知,Gale Crater曾经有一个充满水的湖泊,故选D。
21.A.broke B.analyzed
C.obtained D.adjusted
【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意:探测器到达那里后,用机载仪器分析了Gale Crater的一些岩石。broke打破;analyzed分析;obtained获得;adjusted调整。根据“some rocks in Gale Crater with onboard instruments.And it found minerals...”可知,此处指用机载仪器分析了Gale Crater的一些岩石,并有所发现,故选B。
22.A.waken B.lifted C.lit D.locked
【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意:它发现了含有水分的矿物质。waken醒来;lifted举起;lit点燃;locked锁,使固定。关系代词that指代minerals,指里面锁有水分的矿物质,故选D。
23.A.data B.tips C.tricks D.tests
【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意:根据探测器收集的数据,地球上的科学和工程团队能够确认Gale Crater曾经是一个湖泊。data数据;tips建议;tricks技巧;tests测试。根据上文提到分析岩石以及空后“the rover collected”可知,此处指探测器收集的数据,故选A。
24.A.admit B.invent C.confirm D.accept
【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。admit承认;invent发明;confirm确认;accept接受。根据“Gale Crater was once a lake”可知,此处指根据数据能够确认Gale Crater曾经是一个湖泊,故选C。
25.A.tools B.projects C.orders D.facts
【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意:探测器带到火星的工具之一是激光器。tools工具;projects项目,工程;orders订单,命令;facts事实。根据“a laser”可知,此处指工具,故选A。
26.A.success B.attempt
C.discovery D.position
【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意:探测器在火星岩石中的发现告诉科学家,在火星过去的某个时刻,大气中有大量的氧气,这是大多数生命所必需的。success成功;attempt尝试;discovery发现;position位置。根据上文以及空后“tells scientists”可知,此处指探测器在火星岩石中的发现告诉科学家火星上曾经有氧气,故选C。
27.A.length B.level C.height D.point
【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。length长度;level水平;height高度;point点,时刻。根据空后“in Mars’ past”可知,此处指在火星过去的某个时刻,故选D。
28.A.sign B.rule C.will D.must
【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。sign标志;rule规则;will意愿;must必要条件,必须要做的事。which指代先行词oxygen,结合空后“for most life”和常识可知,氧气是大多数生命所必需的,故选D。
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