资源简介

(共66张PPT)
Unit 2　Morals and Virtues
Step 1　题源研读·入境体验
Step 3　跟踪评估·夯基提能
Step 2　核心考点·探究突破
Step 1　题源研读·入境体验
Why Giving Tuesday Raises An Uncomfortable Moral Dilemma
为什么“慈善周二”会引发令人不安的道德困境
　　As holiday donations kick off with this Giving Tuesday, we’re going to bring up an aspect of contributing to charity that makes a lot of us...uncomfortable.
　　We’re talking about the idea that every time we distribute our money among good causes, we’re making a moral judgment: Who is most deserving of our help and which outcomes are most valuable
　　Consider what you would do if you had $10,000 to give to charity and were presented with two options:Charity A provides a low-cost yet remarkably effective job training program to people who are extremely poor.With $10,000 they could train 100 adults for jobs that will immediately lift them out of extreme poverty.Charity B pays for sophisticated, life-saving medical procedures for sick kids from extremely poor families.With $10,000 they can save the life of one child.
　　So what will it be: Do you lift 100 people out of excruciating poverty or do you save one sick kid
　　Let’s say your answer is the job training program.Does your answer change if it turns out that the charity would lift only 50 people out of poverty Well then, you’re basically saying that to you, it’s worth sacrificing one child’s life to boost 51 or more adults out of poverty, but no fewer.
　　A study conducted by the non-profit research group surveyed 2,000 extremely poor people in Kenya and Ghana and asked them a series of questions about the best distribution of aid money.It essentially put them in the shoes of donors.
　　“People were willing to pay a lot for relatively small reductions in the risk of mortality and they tended to choose programs that saved lives at high rates compared to programs that boosted incomes,” says Rosenberg.
　　Rosenberg says there is not a correct weighting formula to use.Instead, the point is to at least acknowledge the moral judgments we are making every time we give.And to make sure that whatever method we use, we’re doing so with clear eyes.
—https:// www.npr.org/
(同源高考:2023年新高考Ⅰ卷D篇阅读、2024年
新高考Ⅱ卷B篇阅读均选自本网站)
【名师原创】
1.Why does the author say contributing to charity makes us uncomfortable
(　　)
A.Because those poor want more.
B.Because we are often short of money.
C.Because we’re likely to be in a dilemma.
D.Because the government won’t support.
√
2.What does the underlined part mean (　　)
A.Pull the money from donors.
B.Express gratitude to donors.
C.Be in donors’ own situation.
D.Wear donors’ shoes by mistake.
√
一词多义(kick off)
1.Liverpool kicked off an hour ago.　_____
2.Holiday promotions kick off at exactly the same time every year!　 _____
3.She stretched out on the sofa and kicked off her shoes.　_____
4.We can’t kick them off the island.　__________
开球
开始
踢掉
驱离;赶走
【长难句分析】
“People were willing to pay a lot for relatively small reductions in the risk of mortality and they tended to choose programs that saved lives at high rates compared to programs that boosted incomes,” says Rosenberg.
此句是and连接的_______,后一分句中compared to作比较状语;programs后
含有that引导的_________。
并列句
定语从句
Step 2　核心考点·探究突破
【重点单词】
1.respond vt.回答;回复 vi.做出反应;回应
【语境速测】
①(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)I forced a smile, unsure how ___________(respond) further.
②___ response to students’ request,this Friday afternoon,specifically at 3:00 p.m.,we invite you to be interviewed during the show to talk about the development of English idioms.
to respond
In
③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)You might think about posting what you are looking for
on social media,but it probably won’t result in a useful ________(respond).
④Every time I asked him for advice, he would always _________________
_________________________.
每当我向他寻求建议时,他总是立即给我回复。
response
respond to/make a
response to me immediately
(1)respond to　 对……做出回应或反应;答复
(2)response n.回答;回复;反应
in response to 对……的答复;对……做出反应
make a/no response to 对……做出回应/不予回答
2.appoint vt.任命;委派;约定;指定(时间、地点等)
【语境速测】
①(2024·全国甲卷)People started queuing to make an ____________(appoint)
early in the morning.
②(2021·浙江高考)He realised that something needed to change,and,being a
London media type, __________ (appoint) himself “marketing director for
Nature”.
appointment
appointed
③The committee was appointed ________(make)recommendations on housing
development in the area.
④Learning that you ___________________________________of the Student
Association,I sincerely congratulate you.
得知你已被任命为学生会主席,我真诚地祝贺你。
to make
have been appointed as/to be chairman
(1)appoint sb.as/to be...　 任命某人为……
appoint sb.to do sth. 委派某人做某事
(2)appointment n.约会;任命;预约;委任
make/have an appointment (with sb.) (与某人)约会/预约
keep/break an appointment 守约/违约
(3)appointed adj.约定的;指定的
3.tend vt.照顾; 照料 vi.倾向; 趋于
【语境速测】
①(2024·北京高考)Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other
Hedgehog thinkers tend _________(answer) yes.
②People have a _________(tend) to show mercy to those less fortunate than
them.
to answer
tendency
③(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects
of sampling that tend _______(bias) data...
④__________________________________, I watch him push himself to his
own limits,and I find myself motivated to work as hard.
每当我趋向于抱怨并且想放弃时,我都会看到他在竭尽全力,然后会发现
自己也有了努力工作的动力。
to bias
Whenever I tend to complain and quit
(1)tend sb./sth.　 照料/照看某人/某物
tend to do sth. 倾向于做某事
tend to/toward(s) sth. 倾向于……,有……的趋势
(2)tendency n.倾向, 趋势
have a tendency to do sth. 倾向于做某事;往往会做某事
there is a tendency to do sth. 有一种做某事的倾向
4.scare vt.惊吓;使害怕vi.受惊吓
【语境速测】
①(2024·全国甲卷)For instance,almost all animals have distinct vocals(声音)
that they rely on to either ask for help,scare ______ any dangerous animals or
look for shelter.
②With all those strangers surrounding her, she felt _______(scare) and started
crying.
away
scared
③(2020·浙江高考)Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears ___.
④“I had never walked uphill on a mountain road before, so I walked much
more slowly than others.Sometimes I _________________,” she says.
她说:“我以前从未在山路上上坡,所以我走得比其他人慢得多,有时我被吓哭。”
off
was scared to tears
(1)scare...away/off　 把……吓跑
scare sb. into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事
(2)scared adj.害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
be scared to death 吓得要死
be scared to do sth./of doing sth. 害怕做某事
be scared of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某事 (物)
be scared + that从句 害怕……
(3)scary adj.恐怖的;吓人的
5.replace vt.接替; 取代; 更换
【语境速测】
①(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)After harvest, users simply replace the plants _____ a new
pre-seeded pod(容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
②(2022·全国乙卷)In spring,the snow ____________(replace)by mud over ice.
③(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants _________
(replace) functions of the things that we use every day.
with
was replaced
to replace
④______________________________in the school drama, which came as a big shock to the class.
我代替他成为学校戏剧中的主角,这让全班同学大为震惊。
I replaced him as the leading role
(1)replace sth.with/by sth. 用某物替代某物
(2)take the place of sb.=take sb.’s place 取代某人
(3)in place of 代替;取代
6.assist vt.帮助;协助;援助
【语境速测】
①(2024·浙江1月高考)A police officer has been hurt ________ (assist) drivers
in North Ryde.
②(2024·全国甲卷)I was very impressed by the doctors and their _________
(assist) working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very
concerned.
assisting
assistants
③(2022·全国乙卷)That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with
drones ________ (assist) the crews’ efforts.
④(2021·全国乙卷) I always assist my parents _____________(do) the dishes
after meals.
⑤I’m wondering if you could ____________________________the suitable
topic for the class meeting.
我想知道你是否能帮助我选择合适的班会主题。
assisting
in doing/to do
assist me in choosing/to choose
(1)assist sb.to do/in doing sth.　帮助某人做某事
assist sb.with/in sth. 在某方面帮助某人
(2)assistance n.帮助;协助
come/go to one’s assistance 来/去援助某人
with the assistance of... 在……的帮助下
(3)assistant n.助手;助理
【核心短语】
7.carry sb.through sth.帮助某人渡过难关
【语境速测】
①Despite the failure of the test, she believed her determination and hard work
would ______ her ________ tough times.
②If you _________working like that, you will break down sooner or later.
③First of all, the most significant thing is to set a goal, work out a plan and
_________your plan step by step.
carry
through
carry on
carry out
④We were all _____________and started shouting at the television.
⑤After the meal, the managers went back to the meeting room to ________
______________.
吃完饭后,经理们回到会议室继续他们的讨论。
carried away
carry on
their discussion
carry sth.through　　 成功完成;顺利实现
carry sth.out 执行任务,实施计划
carry on with 继续;坚持
carry forward 发扬,弘扬
be/get carried away 变得很激动;失去自制力
carry off 赢得;获得
8.pass away去世
【语境速测】
①(2020·全国Ⅱ卷改编) The underlined phrase “an added meaning” in
paragraph 3 refers to joy of reading passed ___ in the family.
②(2023·全国甲卷)Our hope is to have a clean,attractant-free place where
bears can pass ________ without learning bad habits.
on
through
③(2022·浙江高考)I thought that we would just be passing ____ dinners to those in need, but I found out we would be doing everything from preparing to serving the dinner.
④(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)That taught me a valuable lesson and I pass it ___ to the people who work in the market.
⑤I hope that through this analysis, we can _________________________
______________________________.
我希望通过这一分析,我们可以更好地传承中华优秀的传统文化。
out
on
pass down the excellence of
traditional Chinese culture better
pass sth.on to sb.　将某物交给某人
pass sth.down 将某物一代代流传下来
pass by 路过;(时间)过去
pass out 晕倒
pass off as 装作;假装
9.a great deal (of) 大量
【语境速测】
①(2025·绍兴模拟) “Well, these puppies cost a good deal of money,” the
farmer responded, looking down into his eyes.
②(2025·常德模拟)What they found was that women’s leg strength hasn’t
___________________, but their arms used to be very powerful.
他们发现,女性的腿部力量没有太大变化,但她们的手臂曾经非常有力。
③By participating in our well-organized activities, you will ________
___________________.
通过参加我们精心组织的活动,你会从中获益良多。
changed a great deal
benefit a
great deal from them
(1)a great/good deal of只能修饰不可数名词。
(2)a great/good deal用作副词短语时,可用于修饰形容词、副词比较级来加强程度,也可以用来修饰动词作状语。
(3)a great deal用作名词短语时,意为“大量,许多”,作主语或者宾语。
(4)常用于修饰不可数名词的单词和词组:
much; a (great) deal of; a bit of; a large amount of/large amounts of
【经典句型】
10.To a person nothing is more precious than their life,...(P16)对一个人来说,没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了,……
【语境速测】
①In my opinion, nothing is ________(happy) than reading original books.
②Nothing is _____________(difficult)than admitting the awful truth.
happier
more difficult
③“I have never had a more delicious breakfast _____ this one!”the mother responded excitedly.
④When talking with the elderly, you _____________________________.
和老人说话时,再礼貌也不为过。
than
can’t be too polite/polite enough
表达最高级含义的特殊结构:
(1)比较级与否定词连用,表示“没有比……更……;没有像……一样……”,常用的否定词有no、not、never、nothing、nobody、hardly等。
(2)can/could +never/not+...+形容词/副词
11.She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident
physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.(P16)她随即
成为北京协和医学院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
【语境速测】
①(2023·全国乙卷)Four years later,she was the first African American woman
_________(receive) a medical degree.
②(2022·全国乙卷)Selected from collections throughout the world,it is the first
major exhibition of his work _________(hold) in over forty years.
to receive
to be held
③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Wendy Wilson,extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street,
one of the first __________(embark)on the project,said...
④(2021·全国甲卷)The first rhino _____(be) born at Port Lympne arrived on
January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg.
⑤What impresses me most is his famous philosophy of life: “_____________
__________________________________________________________
__________.”
给我印象最深的是他著名的人生哲学:“先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐。”
to embark
to be
Be the first to
worry about the troubles across the land,the last to enjoy universal
happiness
(1)当被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时,常用不定式作后置定语。
(2)抽象名词opportunity、time、promise、reason、plan、chance、courage等后常用不定式作定语。
(3)表示将要发生的动作时常用不定式作定语。
Step 3　跟踪评估·夯基提能
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·全国甲卷)However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend
___________(produce)stretched and soft meows.
2.(2022·浙江高考)And when writing doesn’t seem to have any purpose or get
any kind of meaningful ________(respond), then it can be hard to get excited
about doing it.
3.Drones are already being used to examine high- _______ (tense)electrical lines.
to produce
response
tension
4.We will send you full meals and personalized smoothies (奶昔) based on
your genetic taste _________ (tend).
5.After all,it is immoral to take advantage of others’ weaknesses to do harm
___ them.
6.I have never experienced a _____________(exciting) moment than now.
tendency
to
more exciting
7.Thank you for appointing me ________chairman of the Students’ Council.I
will be the first one to assist those in trouble ________(solve) their dilemmas.
I will respond ___ others’ questions patiently and spare no effort to provide a
great deal ___ practical advice.
8.Susan was caught in a car accident and was blind forever.She was bathed ___
tears.Her husband tended (to) her and assisted her _________(regain) strength
and confidence.Gradually,Susan’s tension was replaced ___ confidence.
to be/as
to solve
to
of
in
to regain
by
9.There are many respectable people around us.The first man ________(come)
to my mind is Uncle Li. He has been appointed ________(work) as a guard in
our community since a decade ago.He never complains ______ it and tends to
be energetic.
10.People often talk about what _______ (moral) and virtue are.But sometimes
they may face moral dilemmas.For example, if an old man _______ (trip) over
a stone or suddenly fainted in the street or was injured in an accident, what
would be your first ________ (respond)
to come
to work
about
morals
tripped
response
Ⅱ.完成句子
【短语填空】
1.我们举办了一系列的活动来纪念为了国家而献出生命的医生。
We held a series of activities _____________those doctors who gave their
lives to the country.
2.听到她被申请的所有大学拒绝的消息,这个女孩含着泪跑开了。
Hearing the news that she had been rejected by all the universities she had
applied to, the girl fled _______.
in memory of
in tears
【句式仿写】
3.Life is precious....To a person nothing is more precious than their life, and if they entrust me with that life, how could I refuse that trust, saying I’m cold, hungry, or tired
仿写:在我看来没有什么比健康更宝贵。
______________________________________________
In my opinion, nothing is more precious than health.
4.I’d rather stay single to study all my life!
仿写:杰克逊宁愿在大学里学医学。
_____________________________________________
5.She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.
仿写:居里夫人是世界上第一位被两次授予诺贝尔奖的女科学家。
_____________________________________________________________
_________________
Jackson would rather study medicine at university.
Marie Curie was the first woman scientist in the world to be given the
Nobel Prize twice.
6.Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died, 22 April 1983.
仿写:苏珊直到完成她的工作才离开教室。
_____________________________________________________
7.After a while, a group of women came along, each balancing a pot of water
on her head.
仿写:一群女孩走来,每人手里拿着一些鲜花。
_______________________________________________________________
Susan didn’t leave the classroom until she finished her work.
A group of girl came along, each carrying some fresh flowers in her hand.
Ⅲ.语篇填空
(黑体词是本单元核心词汇)
　　Lin Qiaozhi was born in 1901.When she was only five, her mother died,
1.______ deeply affected her.At age 18, she chose to study medicine rather than
go into 2._________ (marry) like the majority of girls at that time.When her
brother 3.___________(complain), Miss Lin responded, “I’d rather stay single
to study all my life!”
which
marriage
complained
　　At age 26, Miss Lin graduated from Peking Union Medical College (PUMC).
She immediately became the first woman ever 4.___________(hire) as a resident
physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.5.______________
(work) for a few years, Miss Lin was sent to study in Europe.In 1939, her
American colleagues, who were greatly impressed by her, invited her to stay,
but she 6.________ (reject)the offer and returned to China.
to be hired
Having worked
rejected
　　In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed
director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.However, because
of the war, the department was closed.Dr Lin started a private clinic and
continued to treat patients.After the new People’s Republic of China was
founded, Dr Lin was busy 7.________(tend) patients, publishing 8.________
(medicine) research and training staff.Although Dr Lin never married, she was
known 9.___ the “mother of ten thousand babies”.She didn’t retire from her
position 10._____ she died in 1983.
tending
medical
as
until
Ⅳ.单元话题写作|优秀品质
　你校正在开展“向民族英雄学习”的活动。请你给学校英语报写一篇短文,谈谈你“心中的民族英雄”,内容包括:
　1.英雄人物简介;
　2.成为你心中英雄的原因;
　3.向英雄学习。
【要点写作】
1.正如我们所知,大多数人心中都有一个或多个民族英雄。
_____________________________have a national hero or heroes in their hearts.
2.20世纪60年代,为了应对严重的饥荒,他提出了杂交水稻的想法。
In the 1960s he ____________________for hybridizing rice _____________a severe famine.
As we know,a majority of people
came up with an idea
in response to
3.1979年,他的杂交水稻技术被引入美国,这是新中国历史上第一个知识产权
转让案例。
In 1979, his technique for hybrid rice was introduced into the United States,and
__________________________________________________________in the
history of new China.
this is the first case of intellectual property rights to be transferred
4.新水稻的发展使中国人民度过了可怕的饥荒,世界上许多国家都能够种
植更多的水稻来养活不断增长的人口。
_____________________________________________________terrible
starvation, and ______________countries of the world are able to grow more
rice to feed the growing population.
5.我非常钦佩和尊敬他,因为他解决了人们遭受饥饿的问题。
I extremely admire and respect him because he solved the problems of people
______________starvation.
The development of new rice carried Chinese people through
a great deal of
suffering from
6.他为人类的福祉而奋斗的精神最珍贵。
His spirit of striving for the well-being of mankind is ________________.
7.我们应该向他学习!
We should ___________him!
the most precious
learn from
【句式升级】
8.使用which 引导的非限制性定语从句改写3。
In 1979, his technique for hybrid rice was introduced into the United States,
____________________________________________________________
in the history of new China.
which is the first case of intellectual property rights to be transferred
9.将4改为强调句。
______________________________________________________________
terrible starvation, and ______________countries of the world are able to grow
more rice to feed the growing population.
10.用“否定词+比较级”改写6;使用定语从句改写6、7。
___________________________________of striving for the well-being of
mankind, _________________________!
It was the development of new rice that carried Chinese people through
a great deal of
Nothing is more precious than his spirit
from which we should learn
【组句成篇】
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
　As we know, a majority of people have a national hero or heroes in their hearts. For me, Yuan Longping, a Chinese great agricultural scientist, is actually my national hero.
　In the 1960s he came up with an idea for hybridizing rice in response to a severe famine. In 1973, he developed a new way of growing rice and hence new rice was developed.In 1979, his technique for hybrid rice was introduced into the United States, which is the first case of intellectual property rights to be transferred in the history of new China.It was the development of new rice that carried Chinese people through terrible starvation, and a great deal of countries of the world are able to grow more rice to feed the growing population.
　I extremely admire and respect him because he solved the problems of people suffering from starvation.
　Nothing is more precious than his spirit of striving for the well-being of mankind, from which we should learn!Unit 2　Morals and Virtues
Step 1　题源研读·入境体验
Why Giving Tuesday Raises An Uncomfortable Moral Dilemma
为什么“慈善周二”会引发令人不安的道德困境
　　As holiday donations kick off with this Giving Tuesday, we’re going to bring up an aspect of contributing to charity that makes a lot of us...uncomfortable. We’re talking about the idea that every time we distribute our money among good causes, we’re making a moral judgment: Who is most deserving of our help and which outcomes are most valuable Consider what you would do if you had $10,000 to give to charity and were presented with two options:Charity A provides a low-cost yet remarkably effective job training program to people who are extremely poor.With $10,000 they could train 100 adults for jobs that will immediately lift them out of extreme poverty.Charity B pays for sophisticated, life-saving medical procedures for sick kids from extremely poor families.With $10,000 they can save the life of one child. So what will it be: Do you lift 100 people out of excruciating poverty or do you save one sick kid 　　Let’s say your answer is the job training program.Does your answer change if it turns out that the charity would lift only 50 people out of poverty Well then, you’re basically saying that to you, it’s worth sacrificing one child’s life to boost 51 or more adults out of poverty, but no fewer. A study conducted by the non-profit research group surveyed 2,000 extremely poor people in Kenya and Ghana and asked them a series of questions about the best distribution of aid money.It essentially put them in the shoes of donors. “People were willing to pay a lot for relatively small reductions in the risk of mortality and they tended to choose programs that saved lives at high rates compared to programs that boosted incomes,” says Rosenberg. Rosenberg says there is not a correct weighting formula to use.Instead, the point is to at least acknowledge the moral judgments we are making every time we give.And to make sure that whatever method we use, we’re doing so with clear eyes. —https:// www.npr.org/ (同源高考:2023年新高考Ⅰ卷D篇阅读、2024年 新高考Ⅱ卷B篇阅读均选自本网站)
【名师原创】 1.Why does the author say contributing to charity makes us uncomfortable (C) A.Because those poor want more. B.Because we are often short of money. C.Because we’re likely to be in a dilemma. D.Because the government won’t support. 2.What does the underlined part mean (C) A.Pull the money from donors. B.Express gratitude to donors. C.Be in donors’ own situation. D.Wear donors’ shoes by mistake. 一词多义(kick off) 1.Liverpool kicked off an hour ago. 开球 2.Holiday promotions kick off at exactly the same time every year! 开始 3.She stretched out on the sofa and kicked off her shoes. 踢掉 4.We can’t kick them off the island. 驱离;赶走 【长难句分析】 “People were willing to pay a lot for relatively small reductions in the risk of mortality and they tended to choose programs that saved lives at high rates compared to programs that boosted incomes,” says Rosenberg. 此句是and连接的并列句,后一分句中compared to作比较状语;programs后含有that引导的定语从句。
Step 2　核心考点·探究突破
【重点单词】
1.respond vt.回答;回复 vi.做出反应;回应
【语境速测】
①(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)I forced a smile, unsure how to respond (respond) further.
②In response to students’ request,this Friday afternoon,specifically at 3:00 p.m.,we invite you to be interviewed during the show to talk about the development of English idioms.
③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media,but it probably won’t result in a useful response(respond).
④Every time I asked him for advice, he would always respond to/make a response to me immediately.
每当我向他寻求建议时,他总是立即给我回复。
(1)respond to　对……做出回应或反应;答复
(2)response n.回答;回复;反应
in response to 对……的答复;对……做出反应
make a/no response to 对……做出回应/不予回答
2.appoint vt.任命;委派;约定;指定(时间、地点等)
【语境速测】
①(2024·全国甲卷)People started queuing to make an appointment(appoint) early in the morning.
②(2021·浙江高考)He realised that something needed to change,and,being a London media type, appointed (appoint) himself “marketing director for Nature”.
③The committee was appointed to make(make)recommendations on housing development in the area.
④Learning that you have been appointed as/to be chairman of the Student Association,I sincerely congratulate you.
得知你已被任命为学生会主席,我真诚地祝贺你。
(1)appoint sb.as/to be...　任命某人为……
appoint sb.to do sth. 委派某人做某事
(2)appointment n.约会;任命;预约;委任
make/have an appointment (with sb.) (与某人)约会/预约
keep/break an appointment 守约/违约
(3)appointed adj.约定的;指定的
3.tend vt.照顾; 照料 vi.倾向; 趋于
【语境速测】
①(2024·北京高考)Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer(answer) yes.
②People have a tendency(tend) to show mercy to those less fortunate than them.
③(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias(bias) data...
④Whenever I tend to complain and quit, I watch him push himself to his own limits,and I find myself motivated to work as hard.
每当我趋向于抱怨并且想放弃时,我都会看到他在竭尽全力,然后会发现自己也有了努力工作的动力。
(1)tend sb./sth.　照料/照看某人/某物
tend to do sth. 倾向于做某事
tend to/toward(s) sth. 倾向于……,有……的趋势
(2)tendency n.倾向, 趋势
have a tendency to do sth. 倾向于做某事;往往会做某事
there is a tendency to do sth. 有一种做某事的倾向
4.scare vt.惊吓;使害怕vi.受惊吓
【语境速测】
①(2024·全国甲卷)For instance,almost all animals have distinct vocals(声音) that they rely on to either ask for help,scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter.
②With all those strangers surrounding her, she felt scared(scare) and started crying.
③(2020·浙江高考)Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears off.
④“I had never walked uphill on a mountain road before, so I walked much more slowly than others.Sometimes I was scared to tears,” she says.
她说:“我以前从未在山路上上坡,所以我走得比其他人慢得多,有时我被吓哭。”
(1)scare...away/off　把……吓跑
scare sb. into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事
(2)scared adj.害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
be scared to death 吓得要死
be scared to do sth./of doing sth. 害怕做某事
be scared of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某事 (物)
be scared + that从句 害怕……
(3)scary adj.恐怖的;吓人的
5.replace vt.接替; 取代; 更换
【语境速测】
①(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod(容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
②(2022·全国乙卷)In spring,the snow was replaced(replace)by mud over ice.
③(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace(replace) functions of the things that we use every day.
④I replaced him as the leading role in the school drama, which came as a big shock to the class.
我代替他成为学校戏剧中的主角,这让全班同学大为震惊。
(1)replace sth.with/by sth. 用某物替代某物
(2)take the place of sb.=take sb.’s place 取代某人
(3)in place of 代替;取代
6.assist vt.帮助;协助;援助
【语境速测】
①(2024·浙江1月高考)A police officer has been hurt assisting (assist) drivers in North Ryde.
②(2024·全国甲卷)I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants (assist) working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned.
③(2022·全国乙卷)That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting (assist) the crews’ efforts.
④(2021·全国乙卷) I always assist my parents in doing/to do(do) the dishes after meals.
⑤I’m wondering if you could assist me in choosing/to choose the suitable topic for the class meeting.
我想知道你是否能帮助我选择合适的班会主题。
(1)assist sb.to do/in doing sth.　帮助某人做某事
assist sb.with/in sth. 在某方面帮助某人
(2)assistance n.帮助;协助
come/go to one’s assistance 来/去援助某人
with the assistance of... 在……的帮助下
(3)assistant n.助手;助理
【核心短语】
7.carry sb.through sth.帮助某人渡过难关
【语境速测】
①Despite the failure of the test, she believed her determination and hard work would carry her through tough times.
②If you carry on working like that, you will break down sooner or later.
③First of all, the most significant thing is to set a goal, work out a plan and carry out your plan step by step.
④We were all carried away and started shouting at the television.
⑤After the meal, the managers went back to the meeting room to carry on their discussion.
吃完饭后,经理们回到会议室继续他们的讨论。
carry sth.through　　成功完成;顺利实现
carry sth.out 执行任务,实施计划
carry on with 继续;坚持
carry forward 发扬,弘扬
be/get carried away 变得很激动;失去自制力
carry off 赢得;获得
8.pass away去世
【语境速测】
①(2020·全国Ⅱ卷改编) The underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refers to joy of reading passed on in the family.
②(2023·全国甲卷)Our hope is to have a clean,attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits.
③(2022·浙江高考)I thought that we would just be passing out dinners to those in need, but I found out we would be doing everything from preparing to serving the dinner.
④(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)That taught me a valuable lesson and I pass it on to the people who work in the market.
⑤I hope that through this analysis, we can pass down the excellence of traditional Chinese culture better.
我希望通过这一分析,我们可以更好地传承中华优秀的传统文化。
pass sth.on to sb.　将某物交给某人
pass sth.down 将某物一代代流传下来
pass by 路过;(时间)过去
pass out 晕倒
pass off as 装作;假装
9.a great deal (of) 大量
【语境速测】
①(2025·绍兴模拟) “Well, these puppies cost a good deal of money,” the farmer responded, looking down into his eyes.
②(2025·常德模拟)What they found was that women’s leg strength hasn’t changed a great deal, but their arms used to be very powerful.
他们发现,女性的腿部力量没有太大变化,但她们的手臂曾经非常有力。
③By participating in our well-organized activities, you will benefit a great deal from them.
通过参加我们精心组织的活动,你会从中获益良多。
(1)a great/good deal of只能修饰不可数名词。
(2)a great/good deal用作副词短语时,可用于修饰形容词、副词比较级来加强程度,也可以用来修饰动词作状语。
(3)a great deal用作名词短语时,意为“大量,许多”,作主语或者宾语。
(4)常用于修饰不可数名词的单词和词组:
much; a (great) deal of; a bit of; a large amount of/large amounts of
【经典句型】
10.To a person nothing is more precious than their life,...(P16)对一个人来说,没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了,……
【语境速测】
①In my opinion, nothing is happier(happy) than reading original books.
②Nothing is more difficult(difficult)than admitting the awful truth.
③“I have never had a more delicious breakfast than this one!”the mother responded excitedly.
④When talking with the elderly, you can’t be too polite/polite enough .
和老人说话时,再礼貌也不为过。
表达最高级含义的特殊结构:
(1)比较级与否定词连用,表示“没有比……更……;没有像……一样……”,常用的否定词有no、not、never、nothing、nobody、hardly等。
(2)can/could +never/not+...+形容词/副词
11.She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.(P16)她随即成为北京协和医学院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
【语境速测】
①(2023·全国乙卷)Four years later,she was the first African American woman to receive(receive) a medical degree.
②(2022·全国乙卷)Selected from collections throughout the world,it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held(hold) in over forty years.
③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Wendy Wilson,extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street,one of the first to embark(embark)on the project,said...
④(2021·全国甲卷)The first rhino to be(be) born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg.
⑤What impresses me most is his famous philosophy of life: “Be the first to worry about the troubles across the land,the last to enjoy universal happiness.”
给我印象最深的是他著名的人生哲学:“先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐。”
(1)当被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时,常用不定式作后置定语。
(2)抽象名词opportunity、time、promise、reason、plan、chance、courage等后常用不定式作定语。
(3)表示将要发生的动作时常用不定式作定语。
Step 3　跟踪评估·夯基提能
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·全国甲卷)However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce (produce)stretched and soft meows.
2.(2022·浙江高考)And when writing doesn’t seem to have any purpose or get any kind of meaningful response(respond), then it can be hard to get excited about doing it.
3.Drones are already being used to examine high- tension (tense)electrical lines.
4.We will send you full meals and personalized smoothies (奶昔) based on your genetic taste tendency (tend).
5.After all,it is immoral to take advantage of others’ weaknesses to do harm to them.
6.I have never experienced a more exciting (exciting) moment than now.
7.Thank you for appointing me to be/as chairman of the Students’ Council.I will be the first one to assist those in trouble to solve (solve) their dilemmas.I will respond to others’ questions patiently and spare no effort to provide a great deal of practical advice.
8.Susan was caught in a car accident and was blind forever.She was bathed in tears.Her husband tended (to) her and assisted her to regain (regain) strength and confidence.Gradually,Susan’s tension was replaced by confidence.
9.There are many respectable people around us.The first man to come (come) to my mind is Uncle Li. He has been appointed to work (work) as a guard in our community since a decade ago.He never complains about it and tends to be energetic.
10.People often talk about what morals (moral) and virtue are.But sometimes they may face moral dilemmas.For example, if an old man tripped (trip) over a stone or suddenly fainted in the street or was injured in an accident, what would be your first response (respond)
Ⅱ.完成句子
【短语填空】
1.我们举办了一系列的活动来纪念为了国家而献出生命的医生。
We held a series of activities in memory of those doctors who gave their lives to the country.
2.听到她被申请的所有大学拒绝的消息,这个女孩含着泪跑开了。
Hearing the news that she had been rejected by all the universities she had applied to, the girl fled in tears.
【句式仿写】
3.Life is precious....To a person nothing is more precious than their life, and if they entrust me with that life, how could I refuse that trust, saying I’m cold, hungry, or tired
仿写:在我看来没有什么比健康更宝贵。
In my opinion, nothing is more precious than health.
4.I’d rather stay single to study all my life!
仿写:杰克逊宁愿在大学里学医学。
Jackson would rather study medicine at university.
5.She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.
仿写:居里夫人是世界上第一位被两次授予诺贝尔奖的女科学家。
Marie Curie was the first woman scientist in the world to be given the Nobel Prize twice.
6.Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died, 22 April 1983.
仿写:苏珊直到完成她的工作才离开教室。
Susan didn’t leave the classroom until she finished her work.
7.After a while, a group of women came along, each balancing a pot of water on her head.
仿写:一群女孩走来,每人手里拿着一些鲜花。
A group of girl came along, each carrying some fresh flowers in her hand.
Ⅲ.语篇填空
(黑体词是本单元核心词汇)
Lin Qiaozhi was born in 1901.When she was only five, her mother died, 1.which deeply affected her.At age 18, she chose to study medicine rather than go into 2.marriage (marry) like the majority of girls at that time.When her brother 3.complained(complain), Miss Lin responded, “I’d rather stay single to study all my life!”
At age 26, Miss Lin graduated from Peking Union Medical College (PUMC).She immediately became the first woman ever 4.to be hired (hire) as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.5.Having worked (work) for a few years, Miss Lin was sent to study in Europe.In 1939, her American colleagues, who were greatly impressed by her, invited her to stay, but she 6.rejected (reject)the offer and returned to China.
In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.However, because of the war, the department was closed.Dr Lin started a private clinic and continued to treat patients.After the new People’s Republic of China was founded, Dr Lin was busy 7.tending(tend) patients, publishing 8.medical (medicine) research and training staff.Although Dr Lin never married, she was known 9.as the “mother of ten thousand babies”.She didn’t retire from her position 10.until she died in 1983.
Ⅳ.单元话题写作|优秀品质
你校正在开展“向民族英雄学习”的活动。请你给学校英语报写一篇短文,谈谈你“心中的民族英雄”,内容包括:
1.英雄人物简介;
2.成为你心中英雄的原因;
3.向英雄学习。
【要点写作】
1.正如我们所知,大多数人心中都有一个或多个民族英雄。
As we know,a majority of people have a national hero or heroes in their hearts.
2.20世纪60年代,为了应对严重的饥荒,他提出了杂交水稻的想法。
In the 1960s he came up with an idea for hybridizing rice in response to a severe famine.
3.1979年,他的杂交水稻技术被引入美国,这是新中国历史上第一个知识产权转让案例。
In 1979, his technique for hybrid rice was introduced into the United States,and this is the first case of intellectual property rights to be transferred in the history of new China.
4.新水稻的发展使中国人民度过了可怕的饥荒,世界上许多国家都能够种植更多的水稻来养活不断增长的人口。
The development of new rice carried Chinese people through terrible starvation, and a great deal of countries of the world are able to grow more rice to feed the growing population.
5.我非常钦佩和尊敬他,因为他解决了人们遭受饥饿的问题。
I extremely admire and respect him because he solved the problems of people suffering from starvation.
6.他为人类的福祉而奋斗的精神最珍贵。
His spirit of striving for the well-being of mankind is the most precious.
7.我们应该向他学习!
We should learn from him!
【句式升级】
8.使用which 引导的非限制性定语从句改写3。
In 1979, his technique for hybrid rice was introduced into the United States,which is the first case of intellectual property rights to be transferred in the history of new China.
9.将4改为强调句。
It was the development of new rice that carried Chinese people through terrible starvation, and a great deal of countries of the world are able to grow more rice to feed the growing population.
10.用“否定词+比较级”改写6;使用定语从句改写6、7。
Nothing is more precious than his spirit of striving for the well-being of mankind, from which we should learn!
【组句成篇】
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
As we know, a majority of people have a national hero or heroes in their hearts. For me, Yuan Longping, a Chinese great agricultural scientist, is actually my national hero.
In the 1960s he came up with an idea for hybridizing rice in response to a severe famine. In 1973, he developed a new way of growing rice and hence new rice was developed.In 1979, his technique for hybrid rice was introduced into the United States, which is the first case of intellectual property rights to be transferred in the history of new China.It was the development of new rice that carried Chinese people through terrible starvation, and a great deal of countries of the world are able to grow more rice to feed the growing population.
I extremely admire and respect him because he solved the problems of people suffering from starvation.
Nothing is more precious than his spirit of striving for the well-being of mankind, from which we should learn!
- 19 -课时跟踪训练 Unit 2　Morals and Virtues
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分20分)
A
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
阅读 理解 1—4 √ NEST4US帮助他人 2026·定西模拟 人与社会 —
　　In her 17 years on this earth, Shreyaa Venkat has done more to help the planet and the people living on it than many adults.The non-profit organization she founded, NEST4US, has helped tens of thousands of people in the United States.Through it, it’s served over 12,000 homeless people in the Washington, D.C.area by providing food and other supplies.
Venkat’s passion for helping others started as soon as she could walk, as her parents, active volunteers themselves, brought her along on their various projects, like some creative ways to volunteer.By fifth grade, she’d developed such enthusiasm for it that she started organizing her own service projects in her community.
NEST4US was born when she realized how much food waste there is, how many hungry people there are, and how simple it would be to use the former to help the latter.“There was a homeless man standing on a corner in D.C.and he was holding a sign that said ‘Hungry Need Food’,” she recalls.“So I gave him my lunch and his whole face just lit up.It was so easy, it only took me 30 seconds, and it really helped him.”
As NEST4US took off, with hundreds of volunteers helping to feed thousands of hungry people, Venkat decided to branch out with her volunteer efforts, starting three other branches of NEST4US.Serving others had become such a way of life for her that she even celebrated her 13th birthday at a homeless shelter, bringing the party to them instead of expecting gifts for herself.
As much as she has helped others, they’ve helped her too.Not only does she get a lot of joy and personal satisfaction from her volunteer work but running NEST4US has taught her important life skills like time management, public speaking, writing, and leadership.“What it’s really given me is this opinion of putting other people first,” she says.
【语篇属性】
语篇类型 记叙文 主题语境 人与社会
语篇内容 文章讲述了17岁少女Shreyaa Venkat从小受父母影响热爱志愿服务,后创立非营利组织NEST4US帮助无家可归者,并将服务他人融入自己生活的故事
语篇结构 Para.1 介绍Shreyaa Venkat及其创立的NEST4US组织取得的巨大成就
Para.2 讲述她助人之心的起源——从小受父母影响参与志愿服务
Para.3 叙述她因一次帮助饥饿的无家可归者的经历而决定创立NEST4US
Para.4 描述NEST4US的发展壮大以及她将服务他人视为生活方式的具体体现
Para.5 阐述志愿服务在帮助他人的同时也给她个人带来的成长与快乐
1.What can we infer about NEST4US from the first paragraph
A.It is a charity organization.
B.It offers people cheap supplies.
C.It takes in all homeless people.
D.Its main aim is to make money.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干关键信息:NEST4US;first paragraph
定信息 定位至第一段,关键句为“The non-profit organization she founded, NEST4US, has helped...”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误
A It is a charity organization. 正确,根据“non-profit organization” 可推断
B It offers people cheap supplies. 无中生有,文中未提及“cheap”
C It takes in all homeless people. 太绝对,文中说“helped”而非“takes in all”
D Its main aim is to make money. 与“non-profit”性质直接矛盾
分析:选A。根据第一段“non-profit organization”可知,NEST4US是一个非营利的慈善组织
2.What caused Venkat to set up NEST4US
A.Her parents’ constant suggestion.
B.The memory of her hard childhood.
C.Her experience of helping a hungry man.
D.Volunteers’ great influence on her.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干关键信息:caused Venkat to set up NEST4US
定信息 定位至第三段,关键句为她回忆帮助一个无家可归者的经历:“There was a homeless man...So I gave him my lunch...”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误
A Her parents’ constant suggestion. 曲解文意,父母是早期影响,而非直接原因
B The memory of her hard childhood. 无中生有,文中未提及
C Her experience of helping a hungry man. 正确,直接对应第三段她的叙述
D Volunteers’ great influence on her. 笼统模糊,未指明是此次具体经历
分析:选C。第三段详细描述了她因一次帮助饥饿男子的直接经历而萌生创立NEST4US的想法
3.Why did Venkat spend her 13th birthday at a homeless shelter
A.She held a grand party for many people.
B.She saw helping others as part of her life.
C.She got much personal satisfaction from it.
D.She could receive many nice gifts there.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干关键信息:13th birthday;homeless shelter
定信息 定位至第四段,关键句为“Serving others had become such a way of life for her that she even celebrated her 13th birthday at a homeless shelter...”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误
A She held a grand party for many people. 曲解文意,重点是“bringing the party to them”,而非派对本身多盛大
B She saw helping others as part of her life. 正确,直接对应“a way of life”
C She got much personal satisfaction from it. 张冠李戴,这是第五段提到的志愿服务带来的结果,而非此举的直接原因
D She could receive many nice gifts there. 与文意相反,原文是“instead of expecting gifts for herself”
分析:选B。第四段明确说明,为他人服务已成为她的一种生活方式(a way of life),因此在收容所过生日是这一理念的具体体现
4.Which of the following best describes Shreyaa Venkat
A.Caring.　　　　 B.Hard-working.
C.Polite. D.Honest.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干关键信息:describes Shreyaa Venkat
定信息 需综合全文信息,尤其是她的行为和动机
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误
A Caring. 正确,全文通过具体事例展现了她关心他人、富有同情心的品质
B Hard-working. 文中未重点强调其“努力工作”的过程,而是其爱心与行动
C Polite. 无中生有,“礼貌”并非文章刻画的核心品质
D Honest. 无中生有,“诚实”并非文章刻画的核心品质
分析:选A。全文通过讲述她创立慈善组织、帮助无家可归者、将服务他人融入生活等事迹,刻画了一个充满关怀之心(Caring)的青少年形象
B
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
阅读 理解 5—8 √ 卡特加入“仁人家园”组织 2026·三明模拟 人与社会 和物理的结合
　　In 1984, Carter became a member of Habitat for Humanity, a non-profit organization focusing on building affordable homes.
Founded in 1976, Habitat for Humanity had built 342 homes by 1980.After the Carters joined, that number climbed rapidly, reaching 10,000 by 1991.By 2023, the organization had built or repaired more than 45,000 homes.Now, it has branches in all 50 U.S.states and works in more than 70 countries.
Carter’s connection with Habitat for Humanity began with a visit to one of its work sites in New York City, where volunteers were repairing an old building.Struck by the challenging task, he joked that he would have to return to lend his carpentry(木工的) skills.Soon after, Carter organized a group of volunteers and returned to the site.He and his wife, Rosalynn, worked alongside other volunteers during the day and shared dormitories with them at night.
Over the course of more than 35 years, the Carters worked with over 104,000 volunteers in 14 countries to build and repair nearly 4,400 homes.They also raised funds for Habitat for Humanity, connected its leaders with global officials, and helped promote its mission round the world.Known for his discipline, Carter was a demanding taskmaster.He expected volunteers to arrive on time to ensure focus on the task at hand.Typically on the Tuesday night of the workweek, Carter would visit each home construction site to see if the projects were on schedule.If they weren’t, he would call on additional volunteers to keep progress on track.
In 2019, at age 95, Carter took part in his final Habitat for Humanity project in Nashville.He had fallen at home the day before and showed up at the work site with a bandage on his forehead.Despite this, he still assembled(组装) and painted wooden pieces for multiple homes.For many Americans, Carter was the face of Habitat for Humanity, as he truly put his money where his mouth was.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了卡特加入“仁人家园”组织后,推动其快速发展,多年参与房屋建造修复工作,展现出严格负责的态度,成为该组织的代言人。
5.What can we learn about Habitat for Humanity from the first two paragraphs
A.It aims to improve the standard of living.
B.It develops rapidly around the world.
C.It was founded by Carter in 1984.
D.It is intended to make a profit.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段“By 2023, the organization had built or repaired more than 45,000 homes.Now, it has branches in all 50 U.S.states and works in more than 70 countries.(到2023年,该组织已经建造或修复了超过45 000所房屋。现在,它在美国所有50个州都设有分支机构,并在70多个国家开展工作。)”可知,从前两段可以了解到“仁人家园”在全球发展迅速。故选B。
6.What inspired Carter to join Habitat for Humanity
A.His desire to use his carpentry skills.
B.His interest in organizing groups.
C.His visit to a construction site.
D.His previous experience.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段“Carter’s connection with Habitat for Humanity began with a visit to one of its work sites in New York City, where volunteers were repairing an old building.Struck by the challenging task, he joked that he would have to return to lend his carpentry skills.(卡特与“仁人家园”的联系始于他参观了“仁人家园”在纽约市的一个工地,那里的志愿者正在修复一栋旧建筑。被这项具有挑战性的任务所打动,他开玩笑说,他必须回来施展他的木工技能。)”可知,是参观建筑工地激发了卡特加入“仁人家园”的想法。故选C。
7.Which of the following can best describe Carter
A.Energetic and adventurous.
B.Selfless and humorous.
C.Skillful and confident.
D.Strict and responsible.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第四段“Known for his discipline, Carter was a demanding taskmaster.He expected volunteers to arrive on time to ensure focus on the task at hand.Typically on the Tuesday night of the workweek, Carter would visit each home construction site to see if the projects were on schedule.If they weren’t, he would call on additional volunteers to keep progress on track.(卡特以纪律严明著称,是个要求苛刻的监工。他希望志愿者们能准时到达,以确保专注于手头的任务。通常在工作周的周二晚上,卡特会去每个房屋建筑工地查看项目是否按计划进行。如果没有,他会呼吁更多的志愿者来保持进度。)”可知,卡特是严格且负责的。故选D。
8.What’s a suitable title for the text
A.Carter: An experienced carpenter worker
B.Carter: The Face of Habitat for Humanity
C.Habitat for Humanity: A Global Movement
D.Habitat for Humanity: A Construction Project
【解析】选B。标题归纳题。根据最后一段“For many Americans, Carter was the face of Habitat for Humanity, as he truly put his money where his mouth was.(对许多美国人来说,卡特是“仁人家园”的代言人,因为他真正做到了言行一致。)”并结合全文内容可知,本文主要讲述了卡特与“仁人家园”的故事,以及他为“仁人家园”所作出的贡献,所以“卡特:‘仁人家园’的代言人”最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
七选五 9— 13 √ 本杰明·富兰克林制订的十三项美德计划 2025·大连模拟 人与自我 —
　　In the late 1720s, a young printer sat down at a table and opened up a small notebook.Benjamin Franklin began to plan what he called a brave “project of arriving at moral perfection”.
Franklin wrote down twelve virtues, including silence, order, industry, sincerity, and cleanliness, which he would try to follow.When he shared his list with his friends, 　9　.As a result, he added humility(谦逊) to the list.
　10　.In this way, he could “be master of that virtue” before moving on to the practice of another virtue.If he were to spend a week on each virtue and then go down the list before starting over again, 　11　.He believed this would be a useful approach, explaining that it was like tidying weeds—if you attempt to remove all the weeds at once, it will go beyond your strength.
Franklin was supported by his friends and his wife.He worked hard to launch his project and kept track of his failures in his notebook.He was disappointed at finding himself full of faults.　12　.
Franklin later admitted that over time he only went through the list once per year.Though he never arrived at the perfection he had planned, he found his plan very worthwhile.The attempt was a great success as it made him one of the most highly respected and successful statesmen of the Founding era.　13　.And these virtues enabled him to better serve his country.
A.Franklin was well-liked for his virtues
B.Franklin could by no means correct any of them
C.Franklin planned to focus on one virtue at a time
D.Franklin could cycle through the list four times a year
E.Franklin’s friends admired his courage and strong will
F.Franklin was upset to learn that they thought him proud
G.This feeling soon gave way to the satisfaction of seeing them reduced, though
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了本杰明·富兰克林为追求道德完美而制订了十三项美德计划,并努力践行的故事,尽管他从未达到计划中的完美,但这一尝试让他受益匪浅。
9.【解析】选F。上文“When he shared his list with his friends,”说明富兰克林把美德清单分享给朋友,空处应承接上文,说明朋友的反应,F项中的“they thought him proud”与下文中的“As a result, he added humility to the list.”相呼应,F项“富兰克林沮丧地发现他们认为他骄傲”,因为朋友认为他骄傲,所以他增加了“谦逊”来改正这一点,符合语境。故选F。
10.【解析】选C。下文“In this way, he could ‘be master of that virtue’ before moving on to the practice of another virtue.”说明富兰克林实践美德的方式是逐一进行的,C项“富兰克林计划一次专注于一项美德”正是这种方式的体现,适合作本段的主旨句,引出下文对具体做法的说明。故选C。
11.【解析】选D。上文“If he were to spend a week on each virtue and then go down the list before starting over again”说明如果他每周专注于一项美德,循环进行,D项“富兰克林一年可以循环清单四次”符合语境,结合常识,一年约52周,52周除以13项美德,大约可以循环4次。故选D。
12.【解析】选G。上文“He was disappointed at finding himself full of faults.”说明他对自己有很多缺点感到失望。空处应承接上文,描述他情绪的转变,G项“然而这种情绪很快被看到缺点减少的满足感所取代”符合语境。故选G。
13.【解析】选A。下文“And these virtues enabled him to better serve his country.”说明美德给富兰克林带来的积极影响,空处应与下文形成递进关系,进一步说明美德的作用,A项“富兰克林因其美德而广受喜爱”既体现了美德带来的正面评价,又与下文更好地为国家服务相呼应,符合语境。故选A。
- 14 -(共47张PPT)
课时跟踪训练 Unit 2　Morals and Virtues
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分20分)
A
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或 考点 试题来源 情境 标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
阅读 理解 1—4 √ NEST4US帮助他人 2026·定西模拟 人与社会 —
　　In her 17 years on this earth, Shreyaa Venkat has done more to help the planet and the people living on it than many adults.The non-profit organization she founded, NEST4US, has helped tens of thousands of people in the United States.Through it, it’s served over 12,000 homeless people in the Washington, D.C.area by providing food and other supplies.
　Venkat’s passion for helping others started as soon as she could walk, as her parents, active volunteers themselves, brought her along on their various projects, like some creative ways to volunteer.By fifth grade, she’d developed such enthusiasm for it that she started organizing her own service projects in her community.
　NEST4US was born when she realized how much food waste there is, how many hungry people there are, and how simple it would be to use the former to help the latter.“There was a homeless man standing on a corner in D.C.and he was holding a sign that said ‘Hungry Need Food’,” she recalls.“So I gave him my lunch and his whole face just lit up.It was so easy, it only took me 30 seconds, and it really helped him.”
　As NEST4US took off, with hundreds of volunteers helping to feed thousands of hungry people, Venkat decided to branch out with her volunteer efforts, starting three other branches of NEST4US.Serving others had become such a way of life for her that she even celebrated her 13th birthday at a homeless shelter, bringing the party to them instead of expecting gifts for herself.
　As much as she has helped others, they’ve helped her too.Not only does she get a lot of joy and personal satisfaction from her volunteer work but running NEST4US has taught her important life skills like time management, public speaking, writing, and leadership.“What it’s really given me is this opinion of putting other people first,” she says.
【语篇属性】
语篇类型 记叙文 主题语境 人与社会
语篇内容 文章讲述了17岁少女Shreyaa Venkat从小受父母影响热爱志愿服务,后创立非营利组织NEST4US帮助无家可归者,并将服务他人融入自己生活的故事
语篇 结构 Para.1 介绍Shreyaa Venkat及其创立的NEST4US组织取得的巨大成就
Para.2 讲述她助人之心的起源——从小受父母影响参与志愿服务
Para.3 叙述她因一次帮助饥饿的无家可归者的经历而决定创立NEST4US
Para.4 描述NEST4US的发展壮大以及她将服务他人视为生活方式的具体体现
Para.5 阐述志愿服务在帮助他人的同时也给她个人带来的成长与快乐
1.What can we infer about NEST4US from the first paragraph
A.It is a charity organization.
B.It offers people cheap supplies.
C.It takes in all homeless people.
D.Its main aim is to make money.
√
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干关键信息:NEST4US;first paragraph
定信息 定位至第一段,关键句为“The non-profit organization she founded, NEST4US, has helped...”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误
A It is a charity organization. 正确,根据“non-profit
organization” 可推断
B It offers people cheap supplies. 无中生有,文中未提及“cheap”
C It takes in all homeless people. 太绝对,文中说“helped”而非“takes in all”
D Its main aim is to make money. 与“non-profit”性质直接矛盾
分析:选A。根据第一段“non-profit organization”可知,NEST4US是一个非营利的慈善组织
2.What caused Venkat to set up NEST4US
A.Her parents’ constant suggestion.
B.The memory of her hard childhood.
C.Her experience of helping a hungry man.
D.Volunteers’ great influence on her.
√
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干关键信息:caused Venkat to set up NEST4US
定信息 定位至第三段,关键句为她回忆帮助一个无家可归者的经历:“There was a homeless man...So I gave him my lunch...”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误
A Her parents’ constant suggestion. 曲解文意,父母是早期影响,而非直接原因
B The memory of her hard childhood. 无中生有,文中未提及
C Her experience of helping a hungry man. 正确,直接对应第三段她的叙述
D Volunteers’ great influence on her. 笼统模糊,未指明是此次具体经历
分析:选C。第三段详细描述了她因一次帮助饥饿男子的直接经历而萌生创立NEST4US的想法
3.Why did Venkat spend her 13th birthday at a homeless shelter
A.She held a grand party for many people.
B.She saw helping others as part of her life.
C.She got much personal satisfaction from it.
D.She could receive many nice gifts there.
√
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干关键信息:13th birthday;homeless shelter
定信息 定位至第四段,关键句为“Serving others had become such a way of life for her that she even celebrated her 13th birthday at a homeless shelter...”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误
A She held a grand party for many people. 曲解文意,重点是“bringing the party to them”,而非派对本身多盛大
B She saw helping others as part of her life. 正确,直接对应“a way of life”
选项 选项内容 辨误
C She got much personal satisfaction from it. 张冠李戴,这是第五段提到的志愿服务带来的结果,而非此举的直接原因
D She could receive many nice gifts there. 与文意相反,原文是“instead of expecting gifts for herself”
分析:选B。第四段明确说明,为他人服务已成为她的一种生活方式(a way of life),因此在收容所过生日是这一理念的具体体现
4.Which of the following best describes Shreyaa Venkat
A.Caring.　　　　
B.Hard-working.
C.Polite.
D.Honest.
√
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干关键信息:describes Shreyaa Venkat
定信息 需综合全文信息,尤其是她的行为和动机
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误
A Caring. 正确,全文通过具体事例展现了她关心他人、富有同情心的品质
B Hard-working. 文中未重点强调其“努力工作”的过程,而是其爱心与行动
C Polite. 无中生有,“礼貌”并非文章刻画的核心品质
D Honest. 无中生有,“诚实”并非文章刻画的核心品质
分析:选A。全文通过讲述她创立慈善组织、帮助无家可归者、将服务他人融入生活等事迹,刻画了一个充满关怀之心(Caring)的青少年形象
B
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或 考点 试题来源 情境 标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
阅读 理解 5—8 √ 卡特加入“仁人家园”组织 2026·三明模拟 人与社会 和物理的结合
　　In 1984, Carter became a member of Habitat for Humanity, a non-profit organization focusing on building affordable homes.
　　Founded in 1976, Habitat for Humanity had built 342 homes by 1980.After the Carters joined, that number climbed rapidly, reaching 10,000 by 1991.By 2023, the organization had built or repaired more than 45,000 homes.Now, it has branches in all 50 U.S.states and works in more than 70 countries.
　　Carter’s connection with Habitat for Humanity began with a visit to one of its work sites in New York City, where volunteers were repairing an old building.Struck by the challenging task, he joked that he would have to return to lend his carpentry(木工的) skills.Soon after, Carter organized a group of volunteers and returned to the site.He and his wife, Rosalynn, worked alongside other volunteers during the day and shared dormitories with them at night.
　　Over the course of more than 35 years, the Carters worked with over 104,000 volunteers in 14 countries to build and repair nearly 4,400 homes.They also raised funds for Habitat for Humanity, connected its leaders with global officials, and helped promote its mission round the world.Known for his discipline, Carter was a demanding taskmaster.He expected volunteers to arrive on time to ensure focus on the task at hand.Typically on the Tuesday night of the workweek, Carter would visit each home construction site to see if the projects were on schedule.If they weren’t, he would call on additional volunteers to keep progress on track.
　　In 2019, at age 95, Carter took part in his final Habitat for Humanity project in Nashville.He had fallen at home the day before and showed up at the work site with a bandage on his forehead.Despite this, he still assembled(组装) and painted wooden pieces for multiple homes.For many Americans, Carter was the face of Habitat for Humanity, as he truly put his money where his mouth was.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了卡特加入“仁人家园”组织后,推动其快速发展,多年参与房屋建造修复工作,展现出严格负责的态度,成为该组织的代言人。
5.What can we learn about Habitat for Humanity from the first two paragraphs
A.It aims to improve the standard of living.
B.It develops rapidly around the world.
C.It was founded by Carter in 1984.
D.It is intended to make a profit.
√
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段“By 2023, the organization had built or repaired more than 45,000 homes.Now, it has branches in all 50 U.S.states and works in more than 70 countries.(到2023年,该组织已经建造或修复了超过45 000所房屋。现在,它在美国所有50个州都设有分支机构,并在70多个国家开展工作。)”可知,从前两段可以了解到“仁人家园”在全球发展迅速。故选B。
6.What inspired Carter to join Habitat for Humanity
A.His desire to use his carpentry skills.
B.His interest in organizing groups.
C.His visit to a construction site.
D.His previous experience.
√
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段“Carter’s connection with Habitat for Humanity began with a visit to one of its work sites in New York City, where volunteers were repairing an old building.Struck by the challenging task, he joked that he would have to return to lend his carpentry skills.(卡特与“仁人家园”的联系始于他参观了“仁人家园”在纽约市的一个工地,那里的志愿者正在修复一栋旧建筑。被这项具有挑战性的任务所打动,他开玩笑说,他必须回来施展他的木工技能。)”可知,是参观建筑工地激发了卡特加入“仁人家园”的想法。故选C。
7.Which of the following can best describe Carter
A.Energetic and adventurous.
B.Selfless and humorous.
C.Skillful and confident.
D.Strict and responsible.
√
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第四段“Known for his discipline, Carter was a demanding taskmaster.He expected volunteers to arrive on time to ensure focus on the task at hand.Typically on the Tuesday night of the workweek, Carter would visit each home construction site to see if the projects were on schedule.If they weren’t, he would call on additional volunteers to keep progress on track.(卡特以纪律严明著称,是个要求苛刻的监工。他希望志愿者们能准时到达,以确保专注于手头的任务。通常在工作周的周二晚上,卡特会去每个房屋建筑工地查看项目是否按计划进行。如果没有,他会呼吁更多的志愿者来保持进度。)”可知,卡特是严格且负责的。故选D。
8.What’s a suitable title for the text
A.Carter: An experienced carpenter worker
B.Carter: The Face of Habitat for Humanity
C.Habitat for Humanity: A Global Movement
D.Habitat for Humanity: A Construction Project
√
【解析】选B。标题归纳题。根据最后一段“For many Americans, Carter was the face of Habitat for Humanity, as he truly put his money where his mouth was.(对许多美国人来说,卡特是“仁人家园”的代言人,因为他真正做到了言行一致。)”并结合全文内容可知,本文主要讲述了卡特与“仁人家园”的故事,以及他为“仁人家园”所作出的贡献,所以“卡特:‘仁人家园’的代言人”最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境 标注 融合
标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
七选五 9— 13 √ 本杰明·富兰克林制订的十三项美德计划 2025·大连模拟 人与自我 —
　　In the late 1720s, a young printer sat down at a table and opened up a small notebook.Benjamin Franklin began to plan what he called a brave “project of arriving at moral perfection”.
　　Franklin wrote down twelve virtues, including silence, order, industry, sincerity, and cleanliness, which he would try to follow.When he shared his list with his friends, 　9　.As a result, he added humility(谦逊) to the list.
　　　10　.In this way, he could “be master of that virtue” before moving on to the practice of another virtue.If he were to spend a week on each virtue and then go down the list before starting over again, 　11　.He believed this would be a useful approach, explaining that it was like tidying weeds—if you attempt to remove all the weeds at once, it will go beyond your strength.
　　Franklin was supported by his friends and his wife.He worked hard to launch his project and kept track of his failures in his notebook.He was disappointed at finding himself full of faults.　12　. 　　
　　Franklin later admitted that over time he only went through the list once per year.Though he never arrived at the perfection he had planned, he found his plan very worthwhile.The attempt was a great success as it made him one of the most highly respected and successful statesmen of the Founding era.　13　.And these virtues enabled him to better serve his country.
A.Franklin was well-liked for his virtues
B.Franklin could by no means correct any of them
C.Franklin planned to focus on one virtue at a time
D.Franklin could cycle through the list four times a year
E.Franklin’s friends admired his courage and strong will
F.Franklin was upset to learn that they thought him proud
G.This feeling soon gave way to the satisfaction of seeing them reduced, though
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了本杰明·富兰克林为追求道德完美而制订了十三项美德计划,并努力践行的故事,尽管他从未达到计划中的完美,但这一尝试让他受益匪浅。
9.【解析】选F。上文“When he shared his list with his friends,”说明富兰克林把美德清单分享给朋友,空处应承接上文,说明朋友的反应,F项中的“they thought him proud”与下文中的“As a result, he added humility to the list.”相呼应,F项“富兰克林沮丧地发现他们认为他骄傲”,因为朋友认为他骄傲,所以他增加了“谦逊”来改正这一点,符合语境。故选F。
10.【解析】选C。下文“In this way, he could ‘be master of that virtue’ before moving on to the practice of another virtue.”说明富兰克林实践美德的方式是逐一进行的,C项“富兰克林计划一次专注于一项美德”正是这种方式的体现,适合作本段的主旨句,引出下文对具体做法的说明。故选C。
11.【解析】选D。上文“If he were to spend a week on each virtue and then go down the list before starting over again”说明如果他每周专注于一项美德,循环进行,D项“富兰克林一年可以循环清单四次”符合语境,结合常识,一年约52周,52周除以13项美德,大约可以循环4次。故选D。
12.【解析】选G。上文“He was disappointed at finding himself full of faults.”说明他对自己有很多缺点感到失望。空处应承接上文,描述他情绪的转变,G项“然而这种情绪很快被看到缺点减少的满足感所取代”符合语境。故选G。
13.【解析】选A。下文“And these virtues enabled him to better serve his country.”说明美德给富兰克林带来的积极影响,空处应与下文形成递进关系,进一步说明美德的作用,A项“富兰克林因其美德而广受喜爱”既体现了美德带来的正面评价,又与下文更好地为国家服务相呼应,符合语境。故选A。

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