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课时跟踪训练
Unit 1　People of Achievement
Ⅰ. 阅读理解(共4小题;每小题2. 5分, 满分10分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
阅读 理解 1—4 √ 绿带运动:环保与赋权 2026·漳州模拟 人与社会 和生物的结合
　　In Kenya’s countryside, many women had to struggle with dried-up streams, food shortages, and long journeys to collect firewood for fuel and fencing—problems mainly caused by deforestation(森林砍伐). To solve these issues, Professor Wangari Maathai started the Green Belt Movement(GBM) in 1977 to encourage women to work together to plant trees, which would help hold soil, store rainwater, and provide food and firewood. By doing so, they could also earn small payments for their work.
The movement started with just seven trees planted on World Environment Day in 1977. Yet within months, it grew into a national effort with thousands of trees planted in rows to form “green belts”. As the trees took root, Professor Maathai saw something deeper. The women’s struggles went beyond drought to their lack of voice in community decisions. In response, the Green Belt Movement launched the Community Empowerment(赋权) and Education conferences to teach people how to stand up for their rights while protecting the land, empowering women to lead and challenge the traditional roles.
Looking back, the journey has by no means been easy. Time and again, the group stood against powerful interests—from stopping a 60-story building in Nairobi’s Uhuru Park(1989) to saving Karura Forest from privatization(1999). These victories came at great risk. Professor Maathai and members always faced violent attacks and even death threats during protests. Yet, GBM never stopped. To date, hundreds of thousands of women have become involved, and over 5, 000 tree farms have been established. More than 51 million trees have been planted—on farms, in schools and churches, along rivers, and throughout the nation, contributing significantly to environmental protection and sustainable(可持续的)development.
In 2004, Professor Maathai was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her contributions to sustainable development, democracy(民主) and peace. Today, the work of Professor Maathai and the Green Belt Movement continues to stand as living proof that small actions make big changes.
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 记叙文 主题 语境 人与社会
语篇 内容 文章讲述Wangari Maathai教授发起“绿带运动”, 通过植树帮助女性应对环境挑战, 并推动社区赋权和女性领导力的发展
语篇 结构 Para. 1 介绍肯尼亚农村女性面临的环境问题及Maathai教授发起GBM的初衷
Para. 2 GBM从植树扩展到社区赋权和教育, 帮助女性争取决策权
Para. 3 GBM发展过程中的艰难挑战及其取得的成就
Para. 4 Maathai教授获得诺贝尔和平奖, GBM成为“小行动带来大改变”的典范
1. Why did Professor Maathai originally start the Green Belt Movement
A. To ensure food safety.
B. To create job opportunities.
C. To unite women for land rights.
D. To help women overcome environmental hardships.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干关键信息:Professor Maathai originally start the Green Belt Movement
定信息 定位原文第一段:“To solve these issues. . . encourage women to work together to plant trees. . . provide food and firewood. ”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误
A To ensure food safety. 片面理解, 仅为目标之一, 非核心初衷, 排除
B To create job opportunities. 间接效果, 非主要目的, 排除
C To unite women for land rights. 未提及, 排除无关选项
D To help women overcome environmental hardships. 根据关键句得出
分析:选D。根据第一段内容, GBM最初是为解决女性面临的环境问题(干旱、缺柴等)而发起的
2. What did Professor Maathai realize after the movement started
A. Lack of community fund.
B. Strong disagreements from powerful interests.
C. Women’s absence from community decisions.
D. Difficulty in growing trees in drought-hit areas.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干关键信息:realize after the movement started
定信息 定位原文第二段:“The women’s struggles went beyond drought to their lack of voice in community decisions. ”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误
A Lack of community fund. 未提及, 排除无关选项
B Strong disagreements from powerful interests. 过程中面临, 而非开始后意识到, 排除
C Women’s absence from community decisions. 根据关键句得出
D Difficulty in growing trees in drought-hit areas. 初始待解问题, 而非开始后意识到, 排除
分析:选C。Maathai在运动推进后意识到女性缺乏社区决策话语权
3. Which of the following best describes the Green Belt Movement
A. Tough but successful.
B. Traditional but significant.
C. Unrecognized but sustainable.
D. Limited but well-known.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干关键信息:best describes the Green Belt Movement
定信息 定位原文第三段:“by no means been easy”“stood against powerful interests”“victories came at great risk”“More than 51 million trees have been planted”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误
A Tough but successful. 根据关键句得出
B Traditional but significant. “traditional”不符(创新运动) 辨析运动性质
C Unrecognized but sustainable. “unrecognized”错误(获得诺贝尔和平奖) 排除事实错误选项
D Limited but well-known. “limited”错误(全国性影响) 排除片面表述
分析:选A。GBM过程艰难(遭遇抵制、威胁等)但成果显著(植树超过5 100万棵、获得诺贝尔和平奖), A项最全面
4. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Trees for a Greener World
B. Green Roots to Empowerment
C. Facing Preservation Challenges
D. Empowering Women through Leadership
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干关键信息:suitable title
定信息 全文主线:植树解决环境问题→社区赋权→女性领导力→可持续影响
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误
A Trees for a Greener World 侧重环境, 忽略赋权, 排除范围过窄项
B Green Roots to Empowerment 涵盖环境与赋权双核心, 强调运动的多层次意义
C Facing Preservation Challenges 片面强调挑战, 排除偏离主旨项
D Empowering Women through Leadership 侧重领导力, 忽略环境基础, 排除范围过窄项
分析:选B。“Green Roots”对应植树环保, “Empowerment”对应社区赋权和女性觉醒, 全面覆盖文章核心内容
Ⅱ. 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分, 满分15分)
In the mid-20th century, boys could study technical subjects while girls were expected not. However, Bell Burnell’s parents challenged these　5　, which enabled her to study science. Bell Burnell knew before leaving school that she wanted to be a radio astronomer. That 　6　 led her to go to the University of Glasgow, where she was the only 　7　 in her class. After graduation, Bell Burnell went to Cambridge University, where she yet again had to prove that she 　8　.
Her first project, working with her thesis supervisor (论文导师) Hewish, was　9　 certain objects called quasars (类星体). It was 　10　 to have a female student on this project. Bell Burnell herself has said that the only other females 　11　 were secretaries. At this stage, it was she who 　12　 the telescope and analyzed the data.
One day, checking on the data, Bell Burnell saw a signal that she couldn’t　13　. To understand what it was she ended up bringing this 　14　 to Hewish, who said it was interference. He thought that Bell Burnell had wired up the radio telescope 　15　 and that is why the new signal had appeared. However, she saw the signal again afterwards. 　16　, she tried to reach Hewish. Once he 　17　 the pulse with his own eyes, he knew it wasn’t interference, and a new research project began. But, with just one pulse it was hard to have a(n) 　18　 discovery.
A couple of days later, Bell Burnell was in her study, and she saw something　19　 to the first pulse, and thus 2 pulsars were discovered.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文, 文章讲述了Bell Burnell在剑桥大学时发现脉冲星的故事。
5. A. theories　　　　　　　 B. subjects
C. lessons D. policies
【解析】选D。根据“In the mid-20th century, boys could study technical subjects while girls were expected not. ”可知, Bell Burnell的父母对这些男孩可以学习技术科目, 而女孩则不能的政策提出了疑问。故选D。
6. A. wish B. condition
C. plan D. design
【解析】选A。根据“Bell Burnell knew before leaving school that she wanted to be a radio astronomer. (Bell Burnell在离开学校之前就知道她想成为一名射电天文学家)”可知, Bell Burnell想成为一名射电天文学家, 这个愿望促使她去了格拉斯哥大学。故选A。
7. A. failure B. student
C. female D. scientist
【解析】选C。根据上文“In the mid-20th century, boys could study technical subjects while girls were expected not. ”可推知, 因为在20世纪中期, 男孩可以学习技术科目, 而女孩则不能, 所以, 在格拉斯哥大学她是班上唯一的女性。故选C。
8. A. studied B. belonged
C. worked D. graduated
【解析】选B。根据文章第一句和“It was ______to have a female student on this project. ”可知, 在当时女性不能学习技术科目, 女学生参与研究项目是不寻常的, 这些都表明, 在以男性为主宰的大学里, Bell Burnell必须再次证明自己的归属, 做出点成绩才行。故选B。
9. A. turning off B. picking out
C. shooting down D. clearing away
【解析】选B。turning off关闭;picking out挑选;shooting down击落;clearing away清除。根据“and she saw something ______to the first pulse, and thus 2 pulsars were discovered”可知, Bell Burnell的第一个项目是与论文导师Hewish合作, 挑选出某些被称为类星体的物体。故选B。
10. A. unnecessary B. impossible
C. illegal D. unusual
【解析】选D。根据“Bell Burnell herself has said that the only other females ______were secretaries. ”可知, 女学生参与甄选类星体的物体的科研项目是极不寻常的事情, 因为在场的其他女性只有秘书, 其余参与项目的人都是男性。故选D。
11. A. present B. alive
C. abroad D. responsible
【解析】选A。结合语境及空后的“were secretaries”可知, 此处指该科研项目在场的其他女性只有秘书, 故选A。
12. A. broke B. cleaned
C. ran D. saw
【解析】选C。根据“He thought that Bell Burnell had wired up the radio telescope ______”可知, Bell Burnell负责操作望远镜并分析数据。故选C。
13. A. explain B. store
C. copy D. recycle
【解析】选A。根据“that is why the new signal had appeared”可知, Bell Burnell在查看数据时, 看到了一个她无法解释的信号。故选A。
14. A. signal B. question
C. task D. news
【解析】选B。根据“To understand what it was”以及“who said it was interference”可知, 为了理解这是什么, Bell Burnell最终向Hewish提出了这个问题, Hewish说这是干扰。故选B。
15. A. wisely B. secretly
C. wrongly D. frequently
【解析】选C。根据空后内容“that is why the new signal had appeared”可知, Hewish认为Bell Burnell把射电望远镜接错线了, 那就是新信号出现的原因。故选C。
16. A. Surprised B. Disappointed
C. Ashamed D. Touched
【解析】选A。结合上文内容可知, 自己的导师认为自己是操作错误而导致新信号出现, 但是自己又看到了这个信号, 所以Bell Burnell感到很惊讶。故选A。
17. A. checked out B. came across
C. cast light on D. caught sight of
【解析】选D。checked out查看, 退房;came across偶然遇到;cast light on使人了解, 使显得非常清楚;caught sight of看见。根据空后的状语“with his own eyes”并结合前文内容可知, Hewish亲眼看到脉冲, 知道Bell Burnell看到的脉冲不是干扰。故选D。
18. A. puzzling B. amusing
C. convincing D. lasting
【解析】选C。根据“with just one pulse”并结合文章最后一句中的“and thus 2 pulsars were discovered”可知, Hewish认为仅仅凭一个脉冲, 很难有令人信服的发现。几天后, Bell Burnell在她的研究中, 看到了与第一个脉冲相似的东西, 因此发现了两颗脉冲星。故选C。
19. A. familiar B. similar
C. open D. important
【解析】选B。根据“and thus 2 pulsars were discovered”可知, Bell Burnell在她的研究中, 看到了与第一个脉冲相似的东西, 因此发现了两颗脉冲星, 故选B。
Ⅲ. 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
A group of Chinese researchers issued a data map of the soil organic carbon (SOC) content for global black soil areas, 20. _______(reveal) the quantification of agroecosystems and global food security, according to the recent issue of the journal Remote Sensing of Environment.
Research has shown that carbon cycle is 21. _______(significant) influenced by agricultural soils. The accuracy mapping of SOC content can help to clarify the carbon sequestration capacity (碳汇能力), quantify agroecosystem and contribute
22. _______ global food security. But it is still challenging to acquire 23. _______　(rely) SOC content databases.
The study 24. _______(publish) in the journal was done by researchers from the Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology under the Chinese Academy of Sciences. According to the journal, the researchers 25. _______ (collect) more than 191, 000 scenes of remote sensing images and elevation model data, and used meta-learning convolutional neural network model 26. _______(generate) high-resolution data map for global black soil regions.
The data in the study indicates that the SOC content in the global black soil regions shows a decreasing trend, which can be divided into the significant decrease phase from 1984 to 2000, 27. _______ the moderate decrease phase from 2001 to 2021.
The result from the study also shows that the four major black soil 28. _______ (region) in the world have different rates of SOC decline. The SOC decline rates of the Russian-Ukrainian Plain and the Pampas Plain of South America are higher than 29. _______ of the northeast China and the Mississippi River Basin in North America.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了我国科研人员完成了全球黑土区域土壤有机碳(SOC)制图, 精确绘制了土壤有机碳含量地图, 这有利于明确每个区域的固碳能力, 促进农业生态系统的量化, 保障全球粮食安全。
20. 【解析】revealing。考查非谓语动词。空处需要填非谓语动词作伴随状语, reveal和a data map之间为逻辑上的主谓关系, 需用动词-ing形式。故填revealing。
21. 【解析】significantly。考查副词。句意:研究表明, 碳循环受到农业土壤的显著影响。修饰动词influenced需用副词significantly, 作状语。故填significantly。
22. 【解析】to。考查介词。contribute to为固定搭配, 意为“促进, 有助于”。故填to。
23. 【解析】reliable。考查形容词。此处需要形容词reliable, 作定语来修饰名词databases。故填reliable。
24. 【解析】published。考查非谓语动词。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语, publish和The study之间为逻辑上的动宾关系, 需用过去分词形式。故填published。
25. 【解析】collected。考查动词时态。空处和used并列, 需用一般过去时。故填collected。
26. 【解析】to generate。考查非谓语动词。use sth. to do sth. 为固定搭配, 意为“使用某物做某事”, 空处需填动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to generate。
27. 【解析】and。考查连词。the significant decrease phase from 1984 to 2000和the moderate decrease phase from 2001 to 2021为并列关系, 需用连词and连接。故填and。
28. 【解析】regions。考查名词。four修饰可数名词复数形式。故填regions。
29. 【解析】those。考查代词。those常用在比较结构中, 指代前面的复数名词The SOC decline rates。故填those。
- 13 -分册二 (选择性必修 第一册至选择性必修 第四册)
选择性必修 第一册
Unit 1　People of Achievement
Step 1　题源研读·入境体验
Kirstie Alley, Emmy-winning Actor of Cheers Fame, Dies at 71
因出演《欢乐酒店》而获得艾美奖的演员柯尔斯蒂·艾利去世, 享年71岁
　　Kirstie Alley, best known for her breakout role as Rebecca Howe on the hit NBC sitcom Cheers, has died from cancer. She was 71. Alley’s children True and Lillie Parker, shared the news in a statement posted to their late mother’s Instagram. Alley’s career took off when she starred in Cheers, the beloved NBC sitcom about a Boston bar, from 1987 to 1993. In 1991, Alley won an Emmy for the best lead actress in a comedy series for the role Rebecca. From 1997 to 2000, she played the title role of a fashion celebrity in the NBC comedy Veronica’s Closet, from the creators of Friends. She starred alongside John Travolta in 1989’s Look Who’s Talking. Travolta paid tribute to Alley on Instagram, calling their relationship “one of the most special” he’s “ever had”. The 1989 comedy, in which she played the mother of a baby whose inner thoughts were voiced by Bruce Willis, gave her a major career boost. The success of Look Who’s Talking spawned the 1990 sequel, Look Who’s Talking Too and the third installment in 1993 Look Who’s Talking Now. She also played a fictionalized version of herself in the 2005 Showtime series Fat Actress, a show that drew comedy from her public and media treatment over her weight gain and loss. Alley said she agreed to do the show, in part, because of the misinformation about her in the tabloids(娱乐小报). “I’ve never collapsed, fainted, passed out. Basically, anything they’ve said, I never. The only true thing is I got fat. ” 　　Kirstie Alley was born in Wichita, Kansas. She attended Kansas State University before dropping out and moving to Los Angeles. Alley was married to her high school sweetheart from 1970 to 1977, and to actor Stevenson from 1983 until 1997. “Our mother’s zest and passion for life, her children, grandchildren and her many animals, not to mention her eternal joy of creating, were unparalleled and leave us inspired to live life to the fullest just as she did, ” they added. —https://www. usatoday. com (同源高考:2022年新高考Ⅱ卷D篇阅读选自本报刊)
【名师原创】 1. What made Alley obtain an award (C) A. Look Who’s Talking. 　　　 B. Fat Actress. C. Cheers. D. Friends. 2. Why did Alley play in the 2005 Showtime series (A) A. To clarify about her false information. B. To contribute an article to the tabloids. C. To share her effective treatment over her weight gain and loss. D. To give her career another boost. 【长难句分析】 The 1989 comedy, in which she played the mother of a baby whose inner thoughts were voiced by Bruce Willis, gave her a major career boost. 这句话中包含“in which” 引导的非限制性定语从句, “which”是关系代词, 指代前面的“The 1989 comedy”;同时该非限制性定语从句中还包含了whose引导的定语从句。这两个定语从句作为整句插入语, 起到了解释说明的作用。
Step 2　核心考点·探究突破
【重点单词】
1. vital adj. 必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的
【语境速测】
①Understanding history is vital to understanding(understand) ourselves as a people and as a nation.
②It is of vital importance that we (should) learn something from failure.
③(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)If you want to be published, it is vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿).
④If we are to make a difference in life, it’s vital that we should begin with small things.
如果我们想要在生活中做出改变, 重要的是我们应该从小事开始。
(1)be vital to/for. . . 　 　 对……极其重要
(2)It is vital to do sth. 做某事很重要。
It’s vital that sb. (should) do. . . 某人做……极为重要。
(3)be of vital importance 至关重要的
2. commit vt. 承诺;保证vi. 忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
【语境速测】
①We can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment (commit) to something larger than our own little egos(自我).
②He was so selfless that he committed himself to doing voluntary work to help people in need all the time.
③Though journalists are committed to presenting(present) the truth, it is better to use our own judgement than rely entirely on news reports.
④I strongly recommend you (should) commit one hour a day to reading English, which will gradually improve your spoken English.
我强烈建议你每天抽出一个小时读英语, 这将逐渐提高你的英语口语。
(1)commit oneself to (doing) sth. 承诺/致力于(做)某事
commit a crime/mistake 犯罪/犯错误
(2)committed adj. 尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的
be committed to (doing) sth. 承诺/致力于(做)某事
(3)commitment n. 投入;奉献;承诺;保证
make a commitment to sth. /to do sth. 承诺(做)某事
3. acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等); (公开)感谢
【语境速测】
①Tom acknowledged being defeated (defeat) in the competition, which made us quite depressed.
②There is almost universal acknowledgement (acknowledge) that China has made great advances in space exploration.
③Traditional Chinese medicine is widely acknowledged to be(be) effective in the fight against the severe disease.
④It is acknowledged that the cross-country race is an opportunity to strengthen our will.
⑤He strode excitedly to the window and stuck his head out of it to acknowledge the cheering crowd.
他兴奋地大步走到窗前, 把头伸出窗外, 向欢呼的人群致意。
(1)acknowledge doing sth. 　 承认做了某事
acknowledge that. . . 承认……
acknowledge sb. /sth. to be. . . 承认某人或某物是……
It is generally/widely acknowledged that. . .
普遍认为……
(2)acknowledgement n. 承认
4. conclusion n. 结论;推论
【语境速测】
①We can conclude from the evidence that the accident was caused by human error.
②The famous novelist concluded his speech with a distinguished saying “Where there is a will, there is a way. ”
③I drew a conclusion (conclude)from my own experience that no pain, no gain.
④In conclusion, joint efforts are urgently needed to rescue our traditional cultural treasures.
总之, 急需共同努力来抢救我们的传统文化瑰宝。
(1)in conclusion　　　 最后;总之
come to/reach/arrive at/draw a conclusion
得出结论
(2)conclude v. 断定;推断出;得出结论
conclude. . . with. . . 以……结束……
conclude. . . by doing 做……结束……
conclude from. . . 从……中得出结论
5. circumstance n. [usually pl. ]条件;环境;状况
【语境速测】
①If circumstances permit, I will go on talking about the crucial problem, which is difficult to cope with.
②Sometimes we need to be flexible and adapt to changing circumstances (circumstance).
③Even under/in the circumstances, he still spared no effort to improve himself.
④Feeling embarrassed, I reminded myself that under no circumstances would I commit such a mistake again.
我觉得尴尬(极了), 我提醒自己决不会再犯这样的错误。
in/under no circumstances 决不(位于句首, 句子用部分倒装)
in/under the circumstances　 在这种情况下
in/under any circumstances 在任何情况下
if circumstances allow/permit 如果情况允许
【核心短语】
6. come to power (开始)掌权;上台
【语境速测】
①It’s beyond his power, which means he has no power to do it.
②He has power over many people’s lives and property.
have power over　　　　 控制, 支配
have no power over 没有支配权
beyond one’s power 某人力所不及
【误区释疑】
(1)power泛指“力”, 可指身体的或心理的, 外在的或潜在的, 具体的或抽象的, 尤其指“电力”“权力”。
(2)force指“武力;暴力”, 往往意味着克服阻力。
(3)strength意为“力量;力气”, 多指人体或物体内所存的能力。
7. insist on 坚决要求
【语境速测】
①The teacher insisted that every minute (should) be made (make) full use of to do the work well.
②Columbus insisted on/upon searching for a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean.
③As a consequence of some solid evidence, the police officer insisted that the lady had disobeyed(disobey) the traffic rules.
④Only when we insist on working out regularly can we keep physically and mentally healthy.
只有当我们坚持定期锻炼身体, 我们才能保持身心健康。
(1)insist (坚持说/认为) that. . . , 从句用陈述语气。
(2)insist (坚决要求/主张) that sb. (should) do. . . , 从句用虚拟语气。
(3)insist on doing sth. 意为“坚持做某事”。
【误区释疑】
insist后面接that从句, 从句中用“(should+)动词原形”只表示“坚持要”。如果表示“坚持说, 坚持认为某个事实”, 则不用虚拟语气。
8. take up a position担任;任职
【语境速测】
①I could hardly take in what the teacher said in class, which made me in low spirits.
②The player became a star in China because of her success, her positive attitude and her ability to take up challenges.
③When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
④Tom, a person with passion, will take up his position as chairman of the Students’ Union at the end of next month.
汤姆是一个充满激情的人, 他将在下月底担任学生会主席一职。
take up　　 占用(空间或时间);开始从事;接受
take in 接受; 吸收; 理解; 注意到; 欺骗
take on 呈现; 具有; 雇用; 承担
take over 接收; 接管
take off 突然成功; 脱下; 起飞
take after (外貌、言行或性格)像
【经典句型】
9. This year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria. (P2)今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖被授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者), 她的研究促使了青蒿素的发现, 这是一种至关重要的治疗疟疾的新疗法。
【语境速测】
①Cohen, whose short film won awards, was chosen to direct the movie.
②Despite his poor health, he managed to complete the training, which was extremely tough.
③They laughed loudly, except me, who could do nothing but force a bitter smile.
④When walking across the street, I came across David, whom I hadn’t seen for years.
⑤In conclusion/To conclude, Confucius was a remarkable historical figure, whose teachings have had a profound impact on Chinese culture and society.
总之, 孔子是一位杰出的历史人物, 他的学说对中国文化和社会产生了深远的影响。
(1)非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容或先行词进行补充、解释或附加说明。
(2)主句与从句之间一般用逗号隔开, 常常单独翻译。没有它, 主句意思仍然完整。
(3)引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as、which、who、whom、whose等, 作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语。
10. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alone. 青蒿素已成为疟疾治疗的重要组成部分, 被认为在非洲仅一年就能挽救10万人的生命。
【语境速测】
①Yuan Longping was thought to be(be) one of the greatest scientists in agriculture in the world.
②Her discovery is thought to have saved/save (save) tens of millions of lives all over the world.
③(牛津高阶词典)She was reported by the hospital spokesman to be making excellent progress.
医院发言人说她恢复得相当快。
④The tradition is thought to date back to the Ming Dynasty.
据说, 这个传统可以追溯到明朝。
(1)Sb. /Sth. be thought to do. . . 意为“某人/某事物被认为……”。
句型中可根据情况用to do的各种形式, 如to do、to be done、to be doing、to have done、to have been done。
(2)本句型还可转化为: it be thought that. . . 据认为……, 句中的it是形式主语, 真正的主语是后面的that从句。
Step 3　跟踪评估·夯基提能
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties (property).
2. (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷) The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying(identify) the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences (inference)from a text.
3. (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices (device) are often citizen scientists recording(record) their encounters with species in areas nearby.
4. (2023·全国乙卷)Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive (distinct)character in the hills or lakes.
5. (2024·北京高考)While he held the notion that objective(object) reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions.
6. (2023·全国乙卷)According to a new study from market analysts(analyze), 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food.
7. (2024·北京高考)We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific(science) knowledge.
8. (2024·全国甲卷)Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels (novel) to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.
9. From these facts we can draw a conclusion (conclude) that we ought to adopt a more scientific(science) approach to preserving the traditional customs.
10. The novelist(novel) was about to leave when he noticed leaves moving gently(gentle) in the breeze.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
【短语填空】
1. 人们都期望他上台执政以改善他们的生活条件。
People all expect him to come to power to promote their living conditions.
2. 他将在这家公司任职副经理。
He will take up a position as a vice manager in the company.
3. 总之, 正是作家的伟大的想象力创造了一个充满冒险的奇妙古代世界。
To sum up, it is the writer’s great imagination that has created a wonderful ancient world full of adventures.
【句式仿写】
4. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alone.
仿写:屠呦呦被认为是世界上最著名的科学家之一。
Tu Youyou is thought to be one of the most famous scientists in the world.
5. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. . . ”
仿写:一听到她爸爸要回家了, 海伦非常兴奋。
Upon hearing that her father would come back home, Helen became quite excited.
Ⅲ. 语篇填空
(黑体词是本单元核心词汇)
Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize for her scientific discovery of artemisinin. Artemisinin 1. has become(become) a vital part of the treatment for malaria since it was discovered. It’s thought 2. to save(save) 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alone.
Graduating from Peking University Medical School, Tu worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, a team of scientists 3. was formed(form) with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria. Two years later, Tu led the project and decided to review distinct ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional 4. botanical(botany) treatments for the disease. They did lots of work, but failed.
According to one medical text from the fourth century, 5. which suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever, Tu’s team tested a 6. collection　(collect) of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. They then tried boiling fresh wormwood and using the liquid 7. obtained(obtain) from this to treat malaria, but this didn’t work either. However, she didn’t acknowledge defeat. By chance, Tu found one sentence suggesting 8. a different way to treat the wormwood. Her team
9. finally(final) discovered artemisinin by using a lower temperature to draw out the extract. The team members insisted 10. on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.
Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said the honour belonged to the team and the country.
Ⅳ. 单元话题写作|先进人物
假设你是李华, 你校学生会准备办一期英语板报, 介绍我国著名的科学家钱学森。
【连词成句】
1. 钱学森是中国最伟大的科学家之一。由于他在中国航空航天工业方面的杰出成就, 他被誉为“中国航天之父”。
Qian Xuesen, who is one of the most remarkable scientists of China, is widely acknowledged as “the father of China’s aerospace” owing to his outstanding achievements in China’s aerospace industry.
2. 他于1911年12月11日出生于上海, 从小酷爱学习。
He was born in Shanghai on December 11, 1911 and he had a great passion for learning since his childhood.
3. 1934年从国立交通大学毕业后, 他前往美国深造, 并获得了航空博士学位。
Having graduated from National Chiao Tung University in 1934, he went to America for his further study and obtained his doctor’s degree in aerospace science.
4. 他回到中国后, 致力于中国航空航天事业。
After he returned to China, he committed himself to China’s aerospace industry.
5. 尽管遇到许多困难, 但在他的带领下, 中国最终成功发射了第一颗人造卫星。
Though encountering numerous difficulties, under his leadership, China finally succeeded in launching the first man-made satellite.
【连句成篇】
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Qian Xuesen, who is one of the most remarkable scientists of China, is widely acknowledged as “the father of China’s aerospace” owing to his outstanding achievements in China’s aerospace industry.
He was born in Shanghai on December 11, 1911 and he had a great passion for learning since his childhood. Having graduated from National Chiao Tung University in 1934, he went to America for his further study and obtained his doctor’s degree in aerospace science. After he returned to China, he committed himself to China’s aerospace industry. Though encountering numerous difficulties, under his leadership, China finally succeeded in launching the first man-made satellite.
- 15 -(共60张PPT)
分册二 (选择性必修 第一册至选择性必修 第四册)
选择性必修 第一册
Unit 1　People of Achievement
Step 1　题源研读·入境体验
Step 3　跟踪评估·夯基提能
Step 2　核心考点·探究突破
Step 1　题源研读·入境体验
Kirstie Alley, Emmy-winning Actor of Cheers Fame, Dies at 71
因出演《欢乐酒店》而获得艾美奖的演员柯尔斯蒂·艾利去世, 享年71岁
　　Kirstie Alley, best known for her breakout role as Rebecca Howe on the hit NBC sitcom Cheers, has died from cancer. She was 71. Alley’s children True and Lillie Parker, shared the news in a statement posted to their late mother’s Instagram.
　　Alley’s career took off when she starred in Cheers, the beloved NBC sitcom about a Boston bar, from 1987 to 1993. In 1991, Alley won an Emmy for the best lead actress in a comedy series for the role Rebecca. From 1997 to 2000, she played the title role of a fashion celebrity in the NBC comedy Veronica’s Closet, from the creators of Friends. She starred alongside John Travolta in 1989’s Look Who’s Talking. Travolta paid tribute to Alley on Instagram, calling their relationship “one of the most special” he’s “ever had”. The 1989 comedy, in which she played the mother of a baby whose inner thoughts were voiced by Bruce Willis, gave her a major career boost.
The success of Look Who’s Talking spawned the 1990 sequel, Look Who’s Talking Too and the third installment in 1993 Look Who’s Talking Now. She also played a fictionalized version of herself in the 2005 Showtime series Fat Actress, a show that drew comedy from her public and media treatment over her weight gain and loss. Alley said she agreed to do the show, in part, because of the misinformation about her in the tabloids(娱乐小报). “I’ve never collapsed, fainted, passed out. Basically, anything they’ve said, I never. The only true thing is I got fat. ”
　　Kirstie Alley was born in Wichita, Kansas. She attended Kansas State University before dropping out and moving to Los Angeles. Alley was married to her high school sweetheart from 1970 to 1977, and to actor Stevenson from 1983 until 1997. “Our mother’s zest and passion for life, her children, grandchildren and her many animals, not to mention her eternal joy of creating, were unparalleled and leave us inspired to live life to the fullest just as she did, ” they added.
—https://www. usatoday. com
(同源高考:2022年新高考Ⅱ卷D篇阅读选自本报刊)
【名师原创】
1. What made Alley obtain an award (　　)
A. Look Who’s Talking. 　　　
B. Fat Actress.
C. Cheers.
D. Friends.
√
2. Why did Alley play in the 2005 Showtime series (　　)
A. To clarify about her false information.
B. To contribute an article to the tabloids.
C. To share her effective treatment over her weight gain and loss.
D. To give her career another boost.
√
【长难句分析】
The 1989 comedy, in which she played the mother of a baby whose inner
thoughts were voiced by Bruce Willis, gave her a major career boost.
这句话中包含“in which” 引导的非限制性定语从句, “which”是关系代词,
指代前面的“The 1989 comedy”;同时该非限制性定语从句中还包含了
______引导的定语从句。这两个定语从句作为整句插入语, 起到了解释
说明的作用。
whose
Step 2　核心考点·探究突破
【重点单词】
1. vital adj. 必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的
【语境速测】
①Understanding history is vital ________________(understand) ourselves
as a people and as a nation.
②It is ___ vital importance that we (should) learn something from failure.
to understanding
of
③(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)If you want to be published, __ is vital to submit a
perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿).
④If we are to make a difference in life, _______________________________
___________.
如果我们想要在生活中做出改变, 重要的是我们应该从小事开始。
it
it’s vital that we should begin with
small things
(1)be vital to/for. . . 　 　 对……极其重要
(2)It is vital to do sth. 做某事很重要。
It’s vital that sb. (should) do. . . 某人做……极为重要。
(3)be of vital importance 至关重要的
2. commit vt. 承诺;保证vi. 忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
【语境速测】
①We can achieve meaning only if we have made a ____________ (commit)
to something larger than our own little egos(自我).
②He was so selfless that he committed himself ___ doing voluntary work to
help people in need all the time.
commitment
to
③Though journalists are committed to __________(present) the truth, it is
better to use our own judgement than rely entirely on news reports.
④I strongly recommend __________________________________________
________, which will gradually improve your spoken English.
我强烈建议你每天抽出一个小时读英语, 这将逐渐提高你的英语口语。
presenting
you (should) commit one hour a day to reading
English
(1)commit oneself to (doing) sth. 承诺/致力于(做)某事
commit a crime/mistake 犯罪/犯错误
(2)committed adj. 尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的
be committed to (doing) sth. 承诺/致力于(做)某事
(3)commitment n. 投入;奉献;承诺;保证
make a commitment to sth. /to do sth. 承诺(做)某事
3. acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等); (公开)感谢
【语境速测】
①Tom acknowledged ______________(defeat) in the competition, which made
us quite depressed.
②There is almost universal _________________(acknowledge) that China has
made great advances in space exploration.
③Traditional Chinese medicine is widely acknowledged _____(be) effective in
the fight against the severe disease.
being defeated
acknowledgement
to be
④It is acknowledged _____ the cross-country race is an opportunity to
strengthen our will.
⑤He strode excitedly to the window and stuck his head out of it
_______________________________.
他兴奋地大步走到窗前, 把头伸出窗外, 向欢呼的人群致意。
that
to acknowledge the cheering crowd
(1)acknowledge doing sth. 　 承认做了某事
acknowledge that. . . 承认……
acknowledge sb. /sth. to be. . . 承认某人或某物是……
It is generally/widely acknowledged that. . .
普遍认为……
(2)acknowledgement n. 承认
4. conclusion n. 结论;推论
【语境速测】
①We can conclude _____ the evidence that the accident was caused by human
error.
②The famous novelist concluded his speech _____ a distinguished saying
“Where there is a will, there is a way. ”
from
with
③I drew a ___________(conclude)from my own experience that no pain, no
gain.
④____________, joint efforts are urgently needed to rescue our traditional
cultural treasures.
总之, 急需共同努力来抢救我们的传统文化瑰宝。
conclusion
In conclusion
(1)in conclusion　　　 最后;总之
come to/reach/arrive at/draw a conclusion 得出结论
(2)conclude v. 断定;推断出;得出结论
conclude. . . with. . . 以……结束……
conclude. . . by doing 做……结束……
conclude from. . . 从……中得出结论
5. circumstance n. [usually pl. ]条件;环境;状况
【语境速测】
①___ circumstances permit, I will go on talking about the crucial problem,
which is difficult to cope with.
②Sometimes we need to be flexible and adapt to changing ______________
(circumstance).
If
circumstances
③Even ________ the circumstances, he still spared no effort to improve himself.
④Feeling embarrassed, I reminded myself that ______________________
________commit such a mistake again.
我觉得尴尬(极了), 我提醒自己决不会再犯这样的错误。
under/in
under no circumstances
would I
in/under no circumstances 决不(位于句首, 句子用部分倒装)
in/under the circumstances　 在这种情况下
in/under any circumstances 在任何情况下
if circumstances allow/permit 如果情况允许
【核心短语】
6. come to power (开始)掌权;上台
【语境速测】
①It’s _______ his power, which means he has no power to do it.
②He has power _____ many people’s lives and property.
have power over　　　　 控制, 支配
have no power over 没有支配权
beyond one’s power 某人力所不及
beyond
over
【误区释疑】
(1)power泛指“力”, 可指身体的或心理的, 外在的或潜在的, 具体的或抽象的, 尤其指“电力”“权力”。
(2)force指“武力;暴力”, 往往意味着克服阻力。
(3)strength意为“力量;力气”, 多指人体或物体内所存的能力。
7. insist on 坚决要求
【语境速测】
①The teacher insisted that every minute ________________(make) full
use of to do the work well.
②Columbus insisted ________ searching for a direct sea route to the East
Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean.
(should) be made
on/upon
③As a consequence of some solid evidence, the police officer insisted that the
lady ______________(disobey) the traffic rules.
④_______________________________________________keep physically
and mentally healthy.
只有当我们坚持定期锻炼身体, 我们才能保持身心健康。
had disobeyed
Only when we insist on working out regularly can we
(1)insist (坚持说/认为) that. . . , 从句用陈述语气。
(2)insist (坚决要求/主张) that sb. (should) do. . . , 从句用虚拟语气。
(3)insist on doing sth. 意为“坚持做某事”。
【误区释疑】
insist后面接that从句, 从句中用“(should+)动词原形”只表示“坚持要”。如果表示“坚持说, 坚持认为某个事实”, 则不用虚拟语气。
8. take up a position担任;任职
【语境速测】
①I could hardly take ___ what the teacher said in class, which made me in
low spirits.
②The player became a star in China because of her success, her positive
attitude and her ability to take ___ challenges.
in
up
③When the delayed flight will take ___ depends much on the weather.
④Tom, a person with passion, ______________________________________
_______________at the end of next month.
汤姆是一个充满激情的人, 他将在下月底担任学生会主席一职。
off
will take up his position as chairman of the
Students’ Union
take up　　 占用(空间或时间);开始从事;接受
take in 接受; 吸收; 理解; 注意到; 欺骗
take on 呈现; 具有; 雇用; 承担
take over 接收; 接管
take off 突然成功; 脱下; 起飞
take after (外貌、言行或性格)像
【经典句型】
9. This year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria. (P2)今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖被授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者), 她的研究促使了青蒿素的发现, 这是一种至关重要的治疗疟疾的新疗法。
【语境速测】
①Cohen, ______ short film won awards, was chosen to direct the movie.
②Despite his poor health, he managed to complete the training, ______ was
extremely tough.
③They laughed loudly, except me, _____ could do nothing but force a bitter
smile.
whose
which
who
④When walking across the street, I came across David, ______ I hadn’t seen
for years.
⑤In conclusion/To conclude, Confucius was a remarkable historical figure,
____________________________________________________________
_______.
总之, 孔子是一位杰出的历史人物, 他的学说对中国文化和社会产生了
深远的影响。
whom
whose teachings have had a profound impact on Chinese culture and
society
(1)非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容或先行词进行补充、解释或附加说明。
(2)主句与从句之间一般用逗号隔开, 常常单独翻译。没有它, 主句意思仍然完整。
(3)引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as、which、who、whom、whose等, 作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语。
10. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and
is thought to save 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alone. 青蒿素已成为疟疾
治疗的重要组成部分, 被认为在非洲仅一年就能挽救10万人的生命。
【语境速测】
①Yuan Longping was thought _____(be) one of the greatest scientists in
agriculture in the world.
②Her discovery is thought _________________(save) tens of millions of
lives all over the world.
to be
to have saved/save
③(牛津高阶词典)She _______________the hospital spokesman to be making
excellent progress.
医院发言人说她恢复得相当快。
④The tradition _______________________ the Ming Dynasty.
据说, 这个传统可以追溯到明朝。
was reported by
is thought to date back to
(1)Sb. /Sth. be thought to do. . . 意为“某人/某事物被认为……”。
句型中可根据情况用to do的各种形式, 如to do、to be done、to be doing、to have done、to have been done。
(2)本句型还可转化为: it be thought that. . . 据认为……, 句中的it是形式主语, 真正的主语是后面的that从句。
Step 3　跟踪评估·夯基提能
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The differences between print and digital reading results
are partly related to paper’s physical __________(property).
2. (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷) The benefits of print reading particularly shine through
when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like __________(identify)
the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—
such as drawing __________(inference)from a text.
properties
identifying
inferences
3. (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)This makes sense because the people who get observational
biodiversity data on mobile ________(device) are often citizen scientists __________(record) their encounters with species in areas nearby.
4. (2023·全国乙卷)Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar,
either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find __________(distinct)character
in the hills or lakes.
devices
recording
distinctive
5. (2024·北京高考)While he held the notion that _________(object) reality
exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our
perceptions.
6. (2023·全国乙卷)According to a new study from market ________(analyze),
1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged
them to try different food.
7. (2024·北京高考)We can, instead, use this idea to advance _________
(science) knowledge.
objective
analysts
scientific
8. (2024·全国甲卷)Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great
_______(novel) to see what key points they include and how you can adapt
them for your work.
9. From these facts we can draw a ___________(conclude) that we ought to
adopt a more _________(science) approach to preserving the traditional customs.
10. The ________(novel) was about to leave when he noticed leaves moving
_______(gentle) in the breeze.
novels
conclusion
scientific
novelist
gently
Ⅱ. 完成句子
【短语填空】
1. 人们都期望他上台执政以改善他们的生活条件。
People all expect him to ______________to promote their living conditions.
2. 他将在这家公司任职副经理。
He will _________________as a vice manager in the company.
3. 总之, 正是作家的伟大的想象力创造了一个充满冒险的奇妙古代世界。
__________, it is the writer’s great imagination that has created a wonderful
ancient world full of adventures.
come to power
take up a position
To sum up
【句式仿写】
4. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and
is thought to save 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alone.
仿写:屠呦呦被认为是世界上最著名的科学家之一。
_________________________________________________________________
Tu Youyou is thought to be one of the most famous scientists in the world.
5. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The
honour is not just mine. . . ”
仿写:一听到她爸爸要回家了, 海伦非常兴奋。
______________________________________________, Helen became quite
excited.
Upon hearing that her father would come back home
Ⅲ. 语篇填空
(黑体词是本单元核心词汇)
　　Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize for her scientific discovery of
artemisinin. Artemisinin 1. ___________(become) a vital part of the treatment
for malaria since it was discovered. It’s thought 2. _______(save) 100, 000 lives
a year in Africa alone.
has become
to save
　　Graduating from Peking University Medical School, Tu worked at the
China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, a team of
scientists 3. ____________(form) with the objective of discovering a new
treatment for malaria. Two years later, Tu led the project and decided to review
distinct ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional 4. _________(botany)
treatments for the disease. They did lots of work, but failed.
was formed
botanical
　　According to one medical text from the fourth century, 5. ______ suggested
using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever, Tu’s team tested a
6. _________(collect) of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. They then
tried boiling fresh wormwood and using the liquid 7. _________(obtain) from
this to treat malaria, but this didn’t work either. However, she didn’t
acknowledge defeat. By chance, Tu found one sentence suggesting 8. __
different way to treat the wormwood. Her team 9. _______(final) discovered
artemisinin by using a lower temperature to draw out the extract. The team
members insisted 10. ___ testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that
it was safe.
which
collection
obtained
finally
on
a
　　Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said the honour belonged to the team and the country.
Ⅳ. 单元话题写作|先进人物
　　假设你是李华, 你校学生会准备办一期英语板报, 介绍我国著名的科学家钱学森。
【连词成句】
1. 钱学森是中国最伟大的科学家之一。由于他在中国航空航天工业方面
的杰出成就, 他被誉为“中国航天之父”。
Qian Xuesen, ______________________________________________, is
widely acknowledged as “the father of China’s aerospace” owing to his
outstanding achievements in China’s aerospace industry.
who is one of the most remarkable scientists of China
2. 他于1911年12月11日出生于上海, 从小酷爱学习。
He was born in Shanghai on December 11, 1911 and he __________________
____________since his childhood.
3. 1934年从国立交通大学毕业后, 他前往美国深造, 并获得了航空博士学位。
______________________National Chiao Tung University in 1934, he went to
America for his further study and _____________________________________
_______.
had a great passion
for learning
Having graduated from
obtained his doctor’s degree in aerospace
science
4. 他回到中国后, 致力于中国航空航天事业。
After he returned to China, he ____________________China’s aerospace
industry.
5. 尽管遇到许多困难, 但在他的带领下, 中国最终成功发射了第一颗人造
卫星。
______________________________________, under his leadership, China
finally succeeded in launching the first man-made satellite.
committed himself to
Though encountering numerous difficulties
【连句成篇】
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
　　Qian Xuesen, who is one of the most remarkable scientists of China, is widely acknowledged as “the father of China’s aerospace” owing to his outstanding achievements in China’s aerospace industry.
　　He was born in Shanghai on December 11, 1911 and he had a great passion for learning since his childhood. Having graduated from National Chiao Tung University in 1934, he went to America for his further study and obtained his doctor’s degree in aerospace science. After he returned to China, he committed himself to China’s aerospace industry. Though encountering numerous difficulties, under his leadership, China finally succeeded in launching the first man-made satellite.(共52张PPT)
课时跟踪训练
Unit 1　People of Achievement
Ⅰ. 阅读理解(共4小题;每小题2. 5分, 满分10分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
阅读 理解 1—4 √ 绿带运动:环保与赋权 2026·漳州模拟 人与社会 和生物的结合
　　In Kenya’s countryside, many women had to struggle with dried-up streams, food shortages, and long journeys to collect firewood for fuel and fencing—problems mainly caused by deforestation(森林砍伐). To solve these issues, Professor Wangari Maathai started the Green Belt Movement(GBM) in 1977 to encourage women to work together to plant trees, which would help hold soil, store rainwater, and provide food and firewood. By doing so, they could also earn small payments for their work.
　　The movement started with just seven trees planted on World Environment Day in 1977. Yet within months, it grew into a national effort with thousands of trees planted in rows to form “green belts”. As the trees took root, Professor Maathai saw something deeper. The women’s struggles went beyond drought to their lack of voice in community decisions. In response, the Green Belt Movement launched the Community Empowerment(赋权) and Education conferences to teach people how to stand up for their rights while protecting the land, empowering women to lead and challenge the traditional roles.
　　Looking back, the journey has by no means been easy. Time and again, the group stood against powerful interests—from stopping a 60-story building in Nairobi’s Uhuru Park(1989) to saving Karura Forest from privatization(1999). These victories came at great risk. Professor Maathai and members always faced violent attacks and even death threats during protests. Yet, GBM never stopped. To date, hundreds of thousands of women have become involved, and over 　　　5, 000 tree farms have been established. More than 51 million trees have been
planted—on farms, in schools and churches, along rivers, and throughout the nation, contributing significantly to environmental protection and sustainable(可持续的)development.
　　In 2004, Professor Maathai was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her contributions to sustainable development, democracy(民主) and peace. Today, the work of Professor Maathai and the Green Belt Movement continues to stand as living proof that small actions make big changes.
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 记叙文 主题 语境 人与社会
语篇 内容 文章讲述Wangari Maathai教授发起“绿带运动”, 通过植树帮助女性应对环境挑战, 并推动社区赋权和女性领导力的发展
语篇 结构 Para. 1 介绍肯尼亚农村女性面临的环境问题及Maathai教授发起GBM的初衷
Para. 2 GBM从植树扩展到社区赋权和教育, 帮助女性争取决策权
Para. 3 GBM发展过程中的艰难挑战及其取得的成就
Para. 4 Maathai教授获得诺贝尔和平奖, GBM成为“小行动带来大改变”的典范
1. Why did Professor Maathai originally start the Green Belt Movement
A. To ensure food safety.
B. To create job opportunities.
C. To unite women for land rights.
D. To help women overcome environmental hardships.
√
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干关键信息:Professor Maathai originally start the Green Belt Movement
定信息 定位原文第一段:“To solve these issues. . . encourage women to work together to plant trees. . . provide food and firewood. ”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误
A To ensure food safety. 片面理解, 仅为目标之一, 非核心初衷, 排除
B To create job opportunities. 间接效果, 非主要目的, 排除
C To unite women for land rights. 未提及, 排除无关选项
选项 选项内容 辨误
D To help women overcome environmental hardships. 根据关键句得出
分析:选D。根据第一段内容, GBM最初是为解决女性面临的环境问题(干旱、缺柴等)而发起的
2. What did Professor Maathai realize after the movement started
A. Lack of community fund.
B. Strong disagreements from powerful interests.
C. Women’s absence from community decisions.
D. Difficulty in growing trees in drought-hit areas.
√
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干关键信息:realize after the movement started
定信息 定位原文第二段:“The women’s struggles went beyond drought to their lack of voice in community decisions. ”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误
A Lack of community fund. 未提及, 排除无关选项
B Strong disagreements from powerful interests. 过程中面临, 而非开始后意识到, 排除
C Women’s absence from community decisions. 根据关键句得出
选项 选项内容 辨误
D Difficulty in growing trees in drought-hit areas. 初始待解问题, 而非开始后意识到, 排除
分析:选C。Maathai在运动推进后意识到女性缺乏社区决策话语权
3. Which of the following best describes the Green Belt Movement
A. Tough but successful.
B. Traditional but significant.
C. Unrecognized but sustainable.
D. Limited but well-known.
√
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干关键信息:best describes the Green Belt Movement
定信息 定位原文第三段:“by no means been easy”“stood against powerful interests”“victories came at great risk”“More than 51 million trees have been planted”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误
A Tough but successful. 根据关键句得出
B Traditional but significant. “traditional”不符(创新运动) 辨析运动性质
C Unrecognized but sustainable. “unrecognized”错误(获得诺贝尔和平奖) 排除事实错误选项
选项 选项内容 辨误
D Limited but well-known. “limited”错误(全国性影响) 排除片面表述
分析:选A。GBM过程艰难(遭遇抵制、威胁等)但成果显著(植树超过5 100万棵、获得诺贝尔和平奖), A项最全面
4. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Trees for a Greener World
B. Green Roots to Empowerment
C. Facing Preservation Challenges
D. Empowering Women through Leadership
√
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干关键信息:suitable title
定信息 全文主线:植树解决环境问题→社区赋权→女性领导力→可持续影响
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误
A Trees for a Greener World 侧重环境, 忽略赋权, 排除范围过窄项
B Green Roots to Empowerment 涵盖环境与赋权双核心, 强调运动的多层次意义
C Facing Preservation Challenges 片面强调挑战, 排除偏离主旨项
选项 选项内容 辨误
D Empowering Women through Leadership 侧重领导力, 忽略环境基础, 排除范围过窄项
分析:选B。“Green Roots”对应植树环保, “Empowerment”对应社区赋权和女性觉醒, 全面覆盖文章核心内容
Ⅱ. 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分, 满分15分)
　　In the mid-20th century, boys could study technical subjects while girls were expected not. However, Bell Burnell’s parents challenged these　5　, which enabled her to study science. Bell Burnell knew before leaving school that she wanted to be a radio astronomer. That 　6　 led her to go to the University of Glasgow, where she was the only 　7　 in her class. After graduation, Bell Burnell went to Cambridge University, where she yet again had to prove that she 　8　.
　　Her first project, working with her thesis supervisor (论文导师) Hewish, was　9　 certain objects called quasars (类星体). It was 　10　 to have a female student on this project. Bell Burnell herself has said that the only other females 　11　 were secretaries. At this stage, it was she who 　12　 the telescope and analyzed the data.
　　One day, checking on the data, Bell Burnell saw a signal that she couldn’t　13　. To understand what it was she ended up bringing this 　14　 to Hewish, who said it was interference. He thought that Bell Burnell had wired up the radio telescope 　15　 and that is why the new signal had appeared. However, she saw the signal again afterwards. 　16　, she tried to reach Hewish. Once he 　17　 the pulse with his own eyes, he knew it wasn’t interference, and a new research project began. But, with just one pulse it was hard to have a(n) 　18　 discovery.
　　A couple of days later, Bell Burnell was in her study, and she saw something　19　 to the first pulse, and thus 2 pulsars were discovered.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文, 文章讲述了Bell Burnell在剑桥大学时发现脉冲星的故事。
5. A. theories　　　　　　　 B. subjects
C. lessons D. policies
【解析】选D。根据“In the mid-20th century, boys could study technical subjects while girls were expected not. ”可知, Bell Burnell的父母对这些男孩可以学习技术科目, 而女孩则不能的政策提出了疑问。故选D。
√
6. A. wish B. condition
C. plan D. design
【解析】选A。根据“Bell Burnell knew before leaving school that she wanted to be a radio astronomer. (Bell Burnell在离开学校之前就知道她想成为一名射电天文学家)”可知, Bell Burnell想成为一名射电天文学家, 这个愿望促使她去了格拉斯哥大学。故选A。
√
7. A. failure B. student
C. female D. scientist
【解析】选C。根据上文“In the mid-20th century, boys could study technical subjects while girls were expected not. ”可推知, 因为在20世纪中期, 男孩可以学习技术科目, 而女孩则不能, 所以, 在格拉斯哥大学她是班上唯一的女性。故选C。
√
8. A. studied B. belonged
C. worked D. graduated
【解析】选B。根据文章第一句和“It was ______to have a female student on this project. ”可知, 在当时女性不能学习技术科目, 女学生参与研究项目是不寻常的, 这些都表明, 在以男性为主宰的大学里, Bell Burnell必须再次证明自己的归属, 做出点成绩才行。故选B。
√
9. A. turning off B. picking out
C. shooting down D. clearing away
【解析】选B。turning off关闭;picking out挑选;shooting down击落;clearing away清除。根据“and she saw something ______to the first pulse, and thus 2 pulsars were discovered”可知, Bell Burnell的第一个项目是与论文导师Hewish合作, 挑选出某些被称为类星体的物体。故选B。
√
10. A. unnecessary B. impossible
C. illegal D. unusual
【解析】选D。根据“Bell Burnell herself has said that the only other females ______were secretaries. ”可知, 女学生参与甄选类星体的物体的科研项目是极不寻常的事情, 因为在场的其他女性只有秘书, 其余参与项目的人都是男性。故选D。
√
11. A. present B. alive
C. abroad D. responsible
【解析】选A。结合语境及空后的“were secretaries”可知, 此处指该科研项目在场的其他女性只有秘书, 故选A。
12. A. broke B. cleaned
C. ran D. saw
【解析】选C。根据“He thought that Bell Burnell had wired up the radio telescope ______”可知, Bell Burnell负责操作望远镜并分析数据。故选C。
√
√
13. A. explain B. store
C. copy D. recycle
【解析】选A。根据“that is why the new signal had appeared”可知, Bell Burnell在查看数据时, 看到了一个她无法解释的信号。故选A。
√
14. A. signal B. question
C. task D. news
【解析】选B。根据“To understand what it was”以及“who said it was interference”可知, 为了理解这是什么, Bell Burnell最终向Hewish提出了这个问题, Hewish说这是干扰。故选B。
√
15. A. wisely B. secretly
C. wrongly D. frequently
【解析】选C。根据空后内容“that is why the new signal had appeared”可知, Hewish认为Bell Burnell把射电望远镜接错线了, 那就是新信号出现的原因。故选C。
√
16. A. Surprised B. Disappointed
C. Ashamed D. Touched
【解析】选A。结合上文内容可知, 自己的导师认为自己是操作错误而导致新信号出现, 但是自己又看到了这个信号, 所以Bell Burnell感到很惊讶。故选A。
√
17. A. checked out B. came across
C. cast light on D. caught sight of
【解析】选D。checked out查看, 退房;came across偶然遇到;cast light on使人了解, 使显得非常清楚;caught sight of看见。根据空后的状语“with his own eyes”并结合前文内容可知, Hewish亲眼看到脉冲, 知道Bell Burnell看到的脉冲不是干扰。故选D。
√
18. A. puzzling B. amusing
C. convincing D. lasting
【解析】选C。根据“with just one pulse”并结合文章最后一句中的“and thus 2 pulsars were discovered”可知, Hewish认为仅仅凭一个脉冲, 很难有令人信服的发现。几天后, Bell Burnell在她的研究中, 看到了与第一个脉冲相似的东西, 因此发现了两颗脉冲星。故选C。
√
19. A. familiar B. similar
C. open D. important
【解析】选B。根据“and thus 2 pulsars were discovered”可知, Bell Burnell在她的研究中, 看到了与第一个脉冲相似的东西, 因此发现了两颗脉冲星, 故选B。
√
Ⅲ. 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
　　A group of Chinese researchers issued a data map of the soil organic carbon (SOC) content for global black soil areas, 20. _______(reveal) the quantification of agroecosystems and global food security, according to the recent issue of the journal Remote Sensing of Environment.
　　Research has shown that carbon cycle is 21. _______(significant) influenced by agricultural soils. The accuracy mapping of SOC content can help to clarify the carbon sequestration capacity (碳汇能力), quantify agroecosystem and contribute 22. _______ global food security. But it is still challenging to acquire 23. _______(rely) SOC content databases.
　　The study 24. _______(publish) in the journal was done by researchers from the Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology under the Chinese Academy of Sciences. According to the journal, the researchers 25. _______ (collect) more than 191, 000 scenes of remote sensing images and elevation model data, and used meta-learning convolutional neural network model 26. _____(generate) high-resolution data map for global black soil regions.
　　The data in the study indicates that the SOC content in the global black soil regions shows a decreasing trend, which can be divided into the significant decrease phase from 1984 to 2000, 27. _______ the moderate decrease phase from 2001 to 2021.
　　The result from the study also shows that the four major black soil 28. _______ (region) in the world have different rates of SOC decline. The SOC decline rates of the Russian-Ukrainian Plain and the Pampas Plain of South America are higher than 29. _______ of the northeast China and the Mississippi River Basin in North America.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了我国科研人员完成了全球黑土区域土壤有机碳(SOC)制图, 精确绘制了土壤有机碳含量地图, 这有利于明确每个区域的固碳能力, 促进农业生态系统的量化, 保障全球粮食安全。
20. 【解析】revealing。考查非谓语动词。空处需要填非谓语动词作伴随状语, reveal和a data map之间为逻辑上的主谓关系, 需用动词-ing形式。故填revealing。
21. 【解析】significantly。考查副词。句意:研究表明, 碳循环受到农业土壤的显著影响。修饰动词influenced需用副词significantly, 作状语。故填significantly。
22. 【解析】to。考查介词。contribute to为固定搭配, 意为“促进, 有助于”。故填to。
23. 【解析】reliable。考查形容词。此处需要形容词reliable, 作定语来修饰名词databases。故填reliable。
24. 【解析】published。考查非谓语动词。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语, publish和The study之间为逻辑上的动宾关系, 需用过去分词形式。故填published。
25. 【解析】collected。考查动词时态。空处和used并列, 需用一般过去时。故填collected。
26. 【解析】to generate。考查非谓语动词。use sth. to do sth. 为固定搭配, 意为“使用某物做某事”, 空处需填动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to generate。
27. 【解析】and。考查连词。the significant decrease phase from 1984 to 2000和the moderate decrease phase from 2001 to 2021为并列关系, 需用连词and连接。故填and。
28. 【解析】regions。考查名词。four修饰可数名词复数形式。故填regions。
29. 【解析】those。考查代词。those常用在比较结构中, 指代前面的复数名词The SOC decline rates。故填those。

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