资源简介

(共60张PPT)
Unit 5　First Aid
Step 1　题源研读·入境体验
Step 3　跟踪评估·夯基提能
Step 2　核心考点·探究突破
Step 1　题源研读·入境体验
Scientists Zero in on Origins of the Monkeypox Outbreak
科学家们锁定猴痘暴发源头
　　When the first monkeypox cases were identified in early May, European health officials were stumped(难倒). The virus was not known to spread easily among people.
　　The origins of the outbreak are becoming clearer. Genetic(基因) analysis suggests that although the monkeypox virus is rapidly spreading in the open, it has been silently circulating in people for years. The genetic information available so far indicated that, at some point in the past few years, the virus became better at spreading among people, said Trevor Bedford, an evolutionary biologist at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle.
　　“Genomic(基因组的) patterns would suggest this occurred around 2018, ” Bedford said. Monkeypox is a large double-stranded(双链) DNA virus. DNA-based viruses may collect just one or two mutations (突变)per year.
　　But the monkeypox virus seems to have amassed(积累, 积聚) an unexpectedly high number of mutations—nearly 50 compared to a version that circulated in 2018, according to preliminary(初步的) analyses. If the virus has adapted to including people as hosts, monkeypox outbreaks could become more frequent and more difficult to contain. That carries the risk that monkeypox
could spill over from infected people into animals—most likely rodents—in countries outside Africa. The virus may persist in infected animals, sporadically(偶发地) triggering(引起) new infections in people. The longer it takes to contain the virus, the higher the possibility that it will find a permanent new home in people or animals, said Sagan Friant, an anthropologist(人类学家) at Pennsylvania State University.
—The New York Times
(同源高考:2019年全国卷Ⅰ D篇阅读选自该报纸)
【名师原创】
1. Which of the following statements is correct ( )
A. The monkeypox virus only spreads in the open.
B. The monkeypox virus collects just one or two mutations per year.
C. The monkeypox outbreaks could become more frequent if the virus has
adapted to including people as hosts.
D. The origins of the monkeypox outbreak have not been known.
√
2. Where is this article likely to come from ( )
A. A literary criticism. 　　
B. An advertisement.
C. A social magazine.
D. A science report.
√
【长难句分析】
The longer it takes to contain the virus, the higher the possibility that it will find
a permanent new home in people or animals, said Sagan Friant, an
anthropologist at Pennsylvania State University.
句中用到了“the+比较级, the+比较级”的结构, 后半句中的animals后面省略
了is, possibility后紧跟一个___________。完整形式是:_____________
________________________________________________________________。
同位语从句
the higher the
possibility that it will find a permanent new home in people or animals (is)
Step 2　核心考点·探究突破
【重点单词】
1. ease vi. &vt. (使)宽慰;减轻;缓解
n. 容易;舒适;自在
【语境速测】
①Hold burnt skin under cool running water for several minutes, until the pain
______(ease).
②(2025·全国Ⅱ卷) It ______(ease) peer pressure.
eases
eases
③In today’s modern world, their ideas about living simply and being ___ ease
with nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being and
fulfilment.
④My heart pounded with extreme nervousness, but her warm welcome soon
________________.
因为极度紧张, 我的心怦怦跳, 但是她的热情欢迎很快使我放松了下来。
at
put/set me at ease
feel/be at ease　　　 感到心情放松
put/set sb. at ease 使某人放松/自在
ease sb. of 消除某人的……
at ease 舒适;自由自在(可作状语/表语)
with ease 轻易地(只作状语)
2. delay vi. &vt. 推迟;延期(做某事) vt. 耽误;耽搁 n. 延误;耽搁(的时间);推迟
【语境速测】
①He delayed _______(tell) her the bad news for fear that she would get into
panic.
②Having learned that I was in trouble, he came to my aid ________ delay.
③It’s important ________________________________, as you never know
when you might need to use these life-saving skills.
重要的是不要推迟参加急救课程, 因为你永远不知道什么时候你可能需要
使用这些拯救生命的技能。
telling
without
not to delay taking a first aid course
(1)delay (doing) sth. 　 推迟/延误(做)某事
(2)without (any) delay 马上
the delay in. . . ……的延误/耽搁
【联想发散】 表示“推迟/耽搁”的单词或短语:
put off、hold up、postpone、set back等。
3. panic vi. &vt. (panicked; panicked; panicking) (使)惊慌 n. 惊恐;恐慌
【语境速测】
①Fortunately, people ___ panic managed to escape from the burning building
before it collapsed.
②The roar of the bear _________ me into screaming, and I didn’t know how to
ease the overwhelming ______. (panic)
③________________________________________________as they saw the
shark approaching.
游泳的人们看到鲨鱼逼近时一片惊慌。
in
panicked
panic
Panic swept through/took hold of/seized the swimmers
panic over/at. . . 因……而恐慌;对……感到惊慌失措
panic sb. into doing sth. 使某人惊慌地做某事
get into a panic 陷入恐慌(动作)
be in a panic 陷入恐慌(状态)
4. desperate adj. 绝望的;孤注一掷的;非常需要
【语境速测】
①My friends try to drag me away from my phone, but as soon as I’m alone
again, I’m desperate ______(get)back to the online world and the intense
activity that it provides.
②Having walked for half an hour in such hot weather, I was desperate ____
a cold drink.
to get
for
③The fire spread through the house quickly and the firefighters tried
___________(desperate)to put it out.
④_____________________________________, I do hope you can offer me
the precious opportunity. (形容词短语作状语)
我渴望这个成为志愿者的机会。我的确希望你能给我这个宝贵的机会。
desperately
Desperate for the chance to be a volunteer
(1)be desperate for sth. 渴望某物
be desperate to do sth. 渴望做某事
(2)desperately adv. 绝望地;拼命地;不顾一切地
5. urgent adj. 紧急的;急迫的;急切的
【语境速测】
①Parents should actively urge their children _______(take)advantage of the
opportunity to join sports teams.
②In terms of learning English, he is ___ urgent need of much practice in order
to speak more fluently.
to take
in
③I can’t go out with you tonight because I have ___ urgent thing to attend to.
④She opened her eyes with a start and was about to cry out when __________
______________________________________.
她吓得睁开了眼睛, 正要哭起来, 这时她听到父亲急切地叫她保持安静。
an
she heard
her father urgently telling her to keep quiet
(1)urge　　　　　　 v. 力劝, 敦促
urge sb. to do sth. /into doing sth. 力劝/敦促某人做某事
urge that. . . (should) do sth. 极力主张, 强调……
It is urged that. . . (should) do sth. 极力主张……做某事。
(2)have an urge to do sth. 迫切要做某事
(3)urgency n. 紧急;催促
【误区释疑】
urge 作动词, 后接 that 引导的宾语从句时, 常用虚拟语气, 即谓语动词用“should +动词原形”。
6. interrupt vi. &vt. 打断;打扰 vt. 使暂停;使中断
【语境速测】
①He was writing a poem when he _______________(interrupt) by a knock at
the door.
②If you _________ others’ conversation abruptly, you will be to blame for
your ____________. (interrupt)
was interrupted
interrupt
interruption
③To help them better understand our tea-drinking culture, I introduced the
history of tea-making to them for several hours ___________________.
为了帮助他们更好地了解我们的饮茶文化, 我连续几个小时不间断地向
他们介绍了泡茶的历史。
without interruption
(1)be interrupted by 被……打断/阻断
(2)interruption n. 打扰;插嘴;打岔;阻断物
without interruption 连续地;不断地
【核心短语】
7. depend on 取决于; 依靠; 依赖
【语境速测】
①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated
or __________(depend), the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
②(2023·浙江1月高考)Campers enjoy a staff-to-child ratio ranging from 1∶4
to 1∶7 __________(depend) on the age group.
dependent
depending
③(现代英语词典)Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not. It all
_________(depend), you see.
④Don’t put your ____________(depend)on him, for he sometimes fails us.
depends
dependence
(1)It/That depends　 看情况而定
(2)dependence n. 依赖; 依靠
dependent adj. 依赖的; 依靠的
8. help sb. to one’s feet帮助某人站起身来
【语境速测】
①We saw Li Hua slip during the 3-km run but _________________(挣扎着
站起来)at last.
②I _____________________(帮助妈妈站起来) from the bed and offered her
a cup of hot water.
struggle to his feet
helped Mom to her feet
③While running, David tripped over a stone, but he __________________and
dragged his feet towards the finish line. Almost all the audience ____________
___________________.
跑步时, 大卫被一块石头绊倒了, 但是他挣扎着站起来, 拖着脚向终点线前
进。几乎所有的观众都站起来, 为他加油。
struggled to his feet
rose to their
feet, cheering for him
jump/spring/leap to one’s feet　 跳起来
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
rise to one’s feet 站起来
stand on one’s own feet 自立;独立
stamp one’s foot/feet 跺脚
9. out of shape健康状况不好
【语境速测】
①He used to be badly ____________(身体不好)for lack of exercise. To
________________(保持健康), he decides to make it a rule to work out on a
regular basis.
②There are various birthday cakes for us to choose from, some of which
______________________(形状像动物)while others are ______________
________(玩具车的形状).
out of shape
keep/be in shape
are shaped like animals
in the shape of
toy cars
③What’s more, you can try different kinds of workouts, such as jogging, biking,
or swimming, which can help keep your whole body ________.
更重要的是, 你可以尝试不同类型的锻炼, 如慢跑、骑自行车或游泳, 这可
以帮助你保持身材。
in shape
(1)in good/bad shape　 健康状况良好/不佳
keep/be in shape 保持健康;处于良好状态
in the shape of 以……的形状/形式
take shape 使成形;形成
(2)shape sth. 影响/决定某物
be shaped like. . . 形状像……
【经典句型】
10. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. (P50)
正如你能想象的, 烧伤可能会导致非常严重的损伤。
【语境速测】
①The oldest zoo in China is Beijing Zoo, _______was founded in 1906.
②___ is often the case all over the world with new areas of economic activity,
the sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing
supervision.
which
As
③___ is reported in today’s newspaper, we must improve our style of work.
④Jenny, __________________, is such a lovely and lively girl that all her
classmates like her.
正如每个人所了解的那样, 珍妮是一个可爱活泼的女孩, 以至于同学们都
喜欢她。
As
as everybody knows
(1)as引导非限制性定语从句时, 指代整个主句的内容, 置于主句的前、中、后均可, 意为“正如……”。
(2)as引导限制性定语从句时, 其先行词的前面通常有such、the same 修饰, 构成such. . . as、the same. . . as结构。
(3)as引导定语从句的常用句式有:
As is known to us all/as we all know. . .
　　　　　　 　　　　 众所周知……
As we can see. . . 正如我们所看到的……
As is reported. . . 正如报道的那样……
As is often the case. . . 这是常有的事……
As is mentioned above. . . 正如上面所提到的……
【名师点拨】
as ★as有“正如, 像”等意思, 作关系词指代整个主句的内容。
★从句位置可在主句前, 主句中或主句后。
★先行词作主语且定语从句为被动语态形式时, 通常用as
which ★which常译为“这一点, 这件事”等, 作关系词可以指代整个主句, 又可以指代主句中的一部分。
★引导的从句常放在主句后
11. Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric
sticking to the burnt skin. 除非衣服粘贴在烧伤的皮肤上, 否则都要清除,
必要时可使用剪刀。
【语境速测】
①I won’t attend the party to be held tomorrow unless _______(invite).
②You will never gain success ______ you are fully devoted to your work.
③So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake ________________
___________.
所以, 当你犯了错误时不要停止演讲, 除非是非常严重的错误。
invited
unless
unless it’s a truly
serious one
unless引导条件状语从句:
(1)unless意为“除非;如果不”, 引导肯定的条件状语从句, 可与if. . . not引导的否定状语从句互换。
(2)unless引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时表将来, 主句用一般将来时。
(3)unless引导的条件状语从句中, 如果主句与从句的主语一致, 且从句中有be动词, 可省略从句中的主语和be动词。
Step 3　跟踪评估·夯基提能
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)So, after studying the ___________(technique)for a couple
of years, he began offering them to pets.
2. (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring _______(layer)for
changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
3. (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Due to a big storm, my flight ________________(delay)
by an hour and a half.
techniques
layers
had been delayed
4. (2024·北京高考)Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of;
leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were _______(loose)
governed by traditions.
5. (2024·全国甲卷) This training taught her to read and write her Chinese
upside down—a skill that has turned out to be quite _________(practice),
especially whenever we share the newspaper.
6. (2022·全国乙卷)When the sun ________(slip) behind the mountains, it shed
a rosy glow all around them.
loosely
practical
slipped
7. (2021·浙江1月高考)If there are three lines in the store, _______(delay) will
happen randomly at different registers.
8. He reached out a hand, _________(grab) her by the arm and dragged her back.
9. Owing to the ______(fog) weather, the _________(operate) left his
hometown alone.
10. Guests _________(panic) and __________(scream)when the bomb exploded.
delays
grabbed
foggy
operator
panicked
screamed
Ⅱ. 完成句子
【短语填空】
1. 无论什么时候我们有困难, 你总是我们可以依靠的人。
Whenever we’re in trouble, you’re always the person we can __________.
2. 你要从这件事中得到教训, 玩火者必自焚。
You should learn a lesson from this incident: he who plays with fire will surely
_________.
depend on
get burnt
3. 学生们帮助他站起来, 然后他继续完成他的课。
Students ____________________and then he continued to finish the class.
4. 锻炼可以防止身体走样。
Taking exercise can help prevent you from being ___________.
helped him to his feet
out of shape
【句式仿写】
5. It is essential to feel at ease with your families and friends.
仿写:为了让他放松, 我给他倒了一杯茶。
_________________________________________
6. It makes sense to eat a reasonably balanced diet when slimming.
仿写:为了省几美元而买最便宜的电脑是没有意义的。
_______________________________________________________________
_____________
To put him at ease, I poured him a cup of tea.
It doesn’t make sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save
a few dollars.
7. I do not blame them for trying to make some money
仿写:被指责犯了这个错误, 吉姆感到有点沮丧。
________________________________________________________
8. Having been shown around the lab, the guests were taken to see the library.
仿写:被告诉很多次了, 他终于明白了。
_________________________________________________
9. It is no good reading without understanding
仿写:期待老师忽视你粗心的错误是没有用的。
_____________________________________________________________
Having been blamed for the mistake, Jim felt a little depressed.
Having been told many times, he finally understood it.
It is no good expecting the teacher to overlook your careless mistakes.
Ⅲ. 语篇填空
(黑体词是本单元核心词汇)
　　As the 1. _______(large)organ of your body, your skin can not only protect
you against disease, toxins and the harmful rays, but also prevent your body
from 2. _______(lose)too much water. Also, it warns you 3. ______ things are too
hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch. So if your skin gets burnt, it can
be very serious. First aid is a very important step in the 4. __________(treat)of
burns.
largest
losing
when
treatment
　　People can get burnt by many things, such 5. ___ hot liquids, steam, fire,
radiation, the sun, electricity, acids, or other chemicals. There are three
6. ______(type)of burns. They are divided into first-degree, second-degree or
third-degree burns, 7. __________(depend)on which layers of the skin are burnt.
as
types
depending
　　If you see someone get burnt, first remove any clothes unless you see the
fabric 8. ________(stick)to the burn and cool the burnt area with cool running
water. Then dry the area 9. _______(gentle)and cover the area with a dry, clean
bandage in order not to get it infected. If the burn is serious, the victim should
be sent to a doctor or hospital 10. ___ once.
sticking
gently
at
Ⅳ. 单元话题写作|医疗急救
　　假定你是李华, 你的英国朋友Eric写邮件向你了解中医药的情况, 并询问中医药在医疗保健中的作用, 请你给他回复一封邮件, 内容包括:
　　1. 简单介绍中医药;
　　2. 中医药在医疗保健中发挥的作用;
　　3. 表达祝愿。
　　注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
【连词成句】
1. 几千年来中医药一直对我们有利, 并且医生们一直用它来解决健康问题。
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has worked to our advantage for
thousands of years, ______________________________________________
_________.
2. 针灸可以追溯到石器时代, 可以用来治疗疼痛和改善整体健康。
Acupuncture _________________________ can be used to treat pain and
improve overall wellness.
which doctors have been using to wrestle with health
problems
dating back to the Stone Age
3. 中医药已被证明在增强人们的免疫系统方面是有效的。
TCM _________________________in boosting people’s immune system.
4. TCM已应用于治疗各种疾病的人。
TCM __________________treat people with various diseases.
5. 祝你全家幸福, 照顾好自己!
___________to your family and take care of yourself!
has proved its effectiveness
has been applied to
Best wishes
【连句成篇】
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Dear Eric,
　　Thank you for writing to me! Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has worked to our advantage for thousands of years, which doctors have been using to wrestle with health problems. For instance, acupuncture dating back to the Stone Age can be used to treat pain and improve overall wellness.
　　Without doubt, in health care, TCM has proved its effectiveness in boosting people’s immune system, coming up with many effective solutions. Overall, TCM has been applied to treat people with various diseases.
　　Best wishes to your family and take care of yourself!
Yours,
Li Hua(共38张PPT)
课时跟踪训练
Unit 5　First Aid
Ⅰ. 阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2. 5分, 满分20分)
A
(2025·江苏七校模拟)
　　Eating a plant-based diet has been shown to be very good for your heart and your overall health. In fact, a recent study found a young person could live an additional 13 years by eating more vegetables and legumes (豆类), as well as whole grains, fruit and nuts. That makes the findings of a new analysis of the diets of nearly 400, 000 UK adults published Monday in the journal Frontiers in Nutrition rather shocking: Eating veggies, especially cooked ones, doesn’t reduce your risk of heart disease over time.
　　“Our large study did not find evidence for a protective effect of vegetable intake on the occurrence of CVD (cardiovascular disease), ” said Qi Feng, an epidemiologist at the University of Oxford, in a statement.
　　While the study found eating raw veggies could protect against heart disease, cooked vegetables did not. Any benefit went away when researchers factored in lifestyle factors such as physical activity, educational level, smoking, drinking, fruit intake, red and processed meat consumption, and use of mineral and vitamin supplements.
　　“Instead, our analyses show that the seemingly protective effect of vegetable intake against CVD risk is very likely to be accounted for by bias (偏见) . . . related to differences in socioeconomic situation and lifestyle, ” Feng said.
　　Don’t start celebrating yet, veggie haters. Experts in the UK and United States quickly took exception to the study’s conclusion.
　　“Although this study found that eating more vegetables wasn’t associated with a lower risk of heart and circulatory diseases once other lifestyle and other factors were taken into account, that doesn’t mean we should stop eating vegetables, ” said Victoria Taylor, a senior dietitian at the British Heart Foundation, in a statement.
　　“The results are not surprising. Picking out one single component and assuming just adding it to the diet, e. g. , vegetables, is not likely to result in the desired effect, ” Alice Lichtenstein, director and senior scientist at Tufts University’s Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, told CNN in an email. “One thing that has become clear over the past decade is we should not be looking at single foods or nutrients, rather the whole dietary pattern, ” said Lichtenstein.
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 说明文
主题 语境 人与自我(健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度)
语篇 内容 吃蔬菜对心脏和整体健康都有好处, 但是一项新研究发现吃蔬菜, 尤其是烹饪过的蔬菜, 并不能降低患心脏病的风险, 科学家对此有不同的看法
语篇 结构 Para. 1 A new study said that eating veggies, especially cooked ones, doesn’t reduce your risk of heart disease over time.
Para. 2 A researcher said that they didn’t find evidence.
Para. 3 Findings of the new study: only raw veggies have the protective effect.
Para. 4 Why veggies are regarded to have a protective effect.
语篇 结构 Para. 5 The new finding was immediately questioned.
Para. 6 A senior dietitian still suggests eating veggies.
Para. 7 Another scientist’s opinion: we should look at the whole dietary pattern.
1. What can we learn from the new study led by Feng
A. It followed a young UK person for 13 years.
B. Its findings came as no surprise to other people.
C. It overturned the conclusion of previous studies.
D. Its purpose was to find the right vegetables for people.
√
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段“That makes the findings of a new analysis of the diets of nearly 400, 000 UK adults published Monday in the journal Frontiers in Nutrition rather shocking: Eating veggies, especially cooked ones, doesn’t reduce your risk of heart disease over time. ”和第二段可推断这项新研究发现烹饪过的蔬菜并不会降低患心脏病的风险, 颠覆了之前的研究结论。故选C。
2. What did Feng imply about vegetables’ protective effect
A. It was made up by some researchers.
B. It is true despite some different findings.
C. It can be achieved through a healthy lifestyle.
D. It is a misconception caused by other factors.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知, Feng认为蔬菜摄入对心血管疾病风险的保护效果可能是由于社会经济状况和生活方式差异引起的偏见。故选D。
√
3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined phrase “took exception to”
A. Voiced objections to.
B. Added details to.
C. Displayed ignorance of.
D. Took notice of.
√
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Don’t start celebrating yet, veggie haters. ”和画线词所在句“Experts in the UK and United States quickly took exception to the study’s conclusion. ”可推断出是英国和美国的专家提出了异议, 所以took exception to的意思是“提出反对意见”, 和A选项Voiced objections to同义, 故选A。
4. What did Lichtenstein think of the study
A. It was groundbreaking.
B. It was one-sided.
C. It would cause confusion.
D. It needed more evidence.
√
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段“One thing that has become clear over the past decade is we should not be looking at single foods or nutrients, rather the whole dietary pattern, ” said Lichtenstein. 可推知Lichtenstein认为这项研究是片面的, 因为它只关注单一食物或营养素, 而没有考虑整体饮食模式。故选B。
【失分剖析】
第4题容易误选D。在平时阅读中, 经常见到一些前沿的科学报道都处于未完善的状态, 需要进一步研究或证实, 这一点与本文的报道内容相似。考生可能基于这个认识而误选D。
B
　　AI is considered to be transformative for a wide range of industries, but there’s perhaps no other field where it provides more value than healthcare. Machine-learning programs are now being used in many hospitals to spot cancer and other diseases and discover new drugs, but there’s still this general impression that this is all done in a small way and the impacts are still minimal. AI is already here to stay and it has already saved thousands of lives.
　　Researchers at Johns Hopkins University published two studies in July 2022 describing a machine-learning-based early detection tool for sepsis(败血症) that was used at five hospitals over a two-year period. During this period, the AI was able to identify nearly 10, 000 sepsis cases from patient records and helped doctors offer critical care about two hours, on average, earlier than when they didn’t have access to the AI’s warning. Thanks to this system, the patients were 20% less likely to die of sepsis, potentially saving thousands of lives across the U. S. if it is implemented(实施) nationwide.
　　Once sepsis sets in, the patient usually suffers fever, a rapid heart rate, and difficult breathing. When treating sepsis, time is of critical importance. However, sepsis is not always apparent, so there are naturally some delayed diagnoses. But if the condition is not diagnosed in time, it can progress into septic shock, causing a significant drop in blood pressure, organ failure, and other serious consequences. Even with treatment, in some cases, there is nothing doctors can do to save the patient’s life, which is why prevention is the name of the game with sepsis.
　　This is why the AI developed at Johns Hopkins University, known as the Targeted Real-time Early Warning System, is so important. In the two years the system had been online since 2018, during which it monitored 590, 000 patients via their electronic health records, the AI was able to flag nearly 10, 000 cases of sepsis. Its accuracy following diagnosis proved to be 38%, which might not sound like a lot, but earlier systems couldn’t achieve more than 12%.
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道, 主要讲的是现在许多医院都在使用机器学习程序来发现癌症和其他疾病, 并发现新药, 但人们仍然普遍认为, 这一切都是以一种很小的方式完成的, 影响仍然很小。
5. What’s the general impression of AI in the healthcare industries
A. It is widely implemented to spot diseases.
B. It provides more value than in other fields.
C. It has a limited impact.
D. It has failed to save lives.
√
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“现在, 许多医院都在使用机器学习程序来发现癌症和其他疾病, 并发现新药, 但人们仍然普遍认为, 这一切都是以一种很小的方式完成的, 影响仍然很小”可知人们对人工智能在医疗行业的总体印象是它的影响有限。故选C。
6. What did researchers at Johns Hopkins University find about the AI tool for sepsis
A. It could update patient records.
B. It could be used to figure out how sepsis occurs.
C. It could uncover the reason for delayed diagnoses.
D. It could be applied to sepsis detection and timely caregiving.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段可知, 约翰斯·霍普金斯大学的研究人员发现败血症的人工智能工具可用于败血症的检测和及时护理。故选D。
√
7. What does Paragraph 3 mainly focus on
A. The importance of sepsis prevention.
B. The difficulty of diagnosing sepsis.
C. The identification of septic shock.
D. The treatment for septic shock.
【解析】选A。段落大意题。第三段主要讲的是预防败血症的重要性。故选A。
√
8. Why does the author present the data in the last paragraph
A. To introduce the downside of the studies.
B. To stress the effectiveness of the warning system.
C. To indicate the big number of patients with sepsis.
D. To call for the improvement of the tool’s accuracy.
√
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段“自2018年该系统上线两年期间, 它通过电子健康记录监测了59万名患者, 人工智能能够标记出近1万例败血症。其诊断后的准确率被证明为38%, 这听起来可能不是很多, 但早期的系统无法超过12%。”可知, 作者在最后一段列出数据的目的是强调预警系统的有效性。故选B。
Ⅱ. 七选五(共5小题;每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
　　Several years ago, I experienced daily severe headaches that made me want to bang my head against a brick wall. I was desperate to find a cure. 　9　
　　In my hopelessness, my father suggested acupuncture, a treatment he had experienced in Hong Kong. It had successfully relieved his lower back pain when other treatments and medicines had failed. With limited exposure to traditional Chinese medicine, I decided to give acupuncture a try.
　　With no particular expectations, I found myself in the office of a middle-aged woman, surrounded by Chinese herbal medicines. After explaining my issue, she placed 3 fingers on my wrist to feel my heartbeat. 　10　 Soon, she took out the needles, which made me somewhat uneasy as such objects typically make me uncomfortable.
　　 　11　 To deal with my headaches, the treatment began on the back of my hand, far from my head. As the doctor gently handled the needles, I got the feeling that something was flowing throughout my entire body.
　　The doctor then continued to tap and move more needles across my body. The electricity was turned on, and the doctor left the room. 　12　 Around the 5-minute mark, the doctor returned and adjusted the electricity level. A moment later, before I knew it, she turned off the electricity and removed the needles, marking an end to the 20-minute process. She then gave me some herbal medicine to take for 5 days.
　　I returned to the doctor for a total of 10 sessions, and each time the same routine was repeated and the same herbal medicine was given. The true benefits of the acupuncture treatment became clear: I remained free of headaches for 2 years. 　13　 If you’ve experienced similar conditions, I highly recommend trying it.
A. At last, my efforts paid off.
B. I now strongly advocate acupuncture.
C. I was then guided to a room and told to lie down.
D. Despite trying different solutions, nothing worked.
E. My initial experience with acupuncture was quite surprising.
F. Though it may seem scary, the acupuncture cured my back pain.
G. Lying still, I could sense the electricity flowing throughout my body.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文, 讲述了作者因长期遭受严重头痛困扰而尝试针灸治疗的经历。文中详细描述了从接受针灸建议、初次诊疗过程、治疗中的感受, 到最终症状缓解并推荐他人尝试的过程。
9. 【解析】选D。由上文“几年前, 我每天都会经历剧烈的头痛, 让我想把头往砖墙上撞。我非常渴望找到治疗方法”可知, 这里在描述作者头痛的困境以及寻找治疗方法的急迫性。D选项“Despite trying different solutions, nothing worked. (尽管尝试了不同的解决办法, 但都没有奏效。)”能够承接上文, 表明作者在尝试多种方法无果后的绝望状态。故选D。
10. 【解析】选C。由上文“在解释了我的问题后, 她用三个手指按在我的手腕上感受我的脉搏”可知, 接下来的逻辑应是叙述初次体验针灸的过程。根据下文“很快, 她取出了针, 这让我有些不安, 因为这样的东西通常会让我不舒服”可知, 本空描写医生感受脉搏后和取针之间的事情, C选项“然后我被引导到一个房间并被告知躺下”能够很好地承上启下, 是对前文情境的延续。故选C。
11. 【解析】选E。由下文“为了治疗头痛, 我从远离头部的手背开始治疗”可知, 为了治疗头痛, 我从远离头部的手背开始治疗, 这让人很吃惊, E选项“我最初的针灸经历非常令人惊讶”能引起下文, 符合题意。故选E。
12. 【解析】选G。由上文“电打开了, 医生离开了房间”和下文“大约5分钟的时候, 医生回来调整了电量”可知, 此处应描述作者在接受治疗时的感受。G选项“静静地躺着, 我能感觉到电流流遍全身”能承上启下, 符合语境, 故选G。
13. 【解析】选B。由上文“我一共看了10次医生, 每次都重复同样的程序, 给的是同样的草药。针灸治疗的真正好处变得很明显:我两年没有头痛了”和下文“如果你经历过类似的情况, 我强烈建议你尝试一下”可知, 治疗的效果显著, 作者两年来没有头痛, 并推荐有类似情况的人尝试针灸。B选项作为总结性语句, 强调了针灸治疗的成功及其对作者的影响, 适合放在最后作为对全文经历的总结, 并引出对读者的建议, 能承上启下, 符合语境。故选B。课时跟踪训练
Unit 5　First Aid
Ⅰ. 阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2. 5分, 满分20分)
A
(2025·江苏七校模拟)
　　Eating a plant-based diet has been shown to be very good for your heart and your overall health. In fact, a recent study found a young person could live an additional 13 years by eating more vegetables and legumes (豆类), as well as whole grains, fruit and nuts. That makes the findings of a new analysis of the diets of nearly 400, 000 UK adults published Monday in the journal Frontiers in Nutrition rather shocking: Eating veggies, especially cooked ones, doesn’t reduce your risk of heart disease over time.
　　“Our large study did not find evidence for a protective effect of vegetable intake on the occurrence of CVD (cardiovascular disease), ” said Qi Feng, an epidemiologist at the University of Oxford, in a statement.
　　While the study found eating raw veggies could protect against heart disease, cooked vegetables did not. Any benefit went away when researchers factored in lifestyle factors such as physical activity, educational level, smoking, drinking, fruit intake, red and processed meat consumption, and use of mineral and vitamin supplements.
　　“Instead, our analyses show that the seemingly protective effect of vegetable intake against CVD risk is very likely to be accounted for by bias (偏见) . . . related to differences in socioeconomic situation and lifestyle, ” Feng said.
　　Don’t start celebrating yet, veggie haters. Experts in the UK and United States quickly took exception to the study’s conclusion.
　　“Although this study found that eating more vegetables wasn’t associated with a lower risk of heart and circulatory diseases once other lifestyle and other factors were taken into account, that doesn’t mean we should stop eating vegetables, ” said Victoria Taylor, a senior dietitian at the British Heart Foundation, in a statement.
　　“The results are not surprising. Picking out one single component and assuming just adding it to the diet, e. g. , vegetables, is not likely to result in the desired effect, ” Alice Lichtenstein, director and senior scientist at Tufts University’s Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, told CNN in an email. “One thing that has become clear over the past decade is we should not be looking at single foods or nutrients, rather the whole dietary pattern, ” said Lichtenstein.
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 说明文
主题 语境 人与自我(健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度)
语篇 内容 吃蔬菜对心脏和整体健康都有好处, 但是一项新研究发现吃蔬菜, 尤其是烹饪过的蔬菜, 并不能降低患心脏病的风险, 科学家对此有不同的看法
语篇 结构 Para. 1 A new study said that eating veggies, especially cooked ones, doesn’t reduce your risk of heart disease over time.
Para. 2 A researcher said that they didn’t find evidence.
Para. 3 Findings of the new study: only raw veggies have the protective effect.
Para. 4 Why veggies are regarded to have a protective effect.
Para. 5 The new finding was immediately questioned.
Para. 6 A senior dietitian still suggests eating veggies.
Para. 7 Another scientist’s opinion: we should look at the whole dietary pattern.
1. What can we learn from the new study led by Feng
A. It followed a young UK person for 13 years.
B. Its findings came as no surprise to other people.
C. It overturned the conclusion of previous studies.
D. Its purpose was to find the right vegetables for people.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段“That makes the findings of a new analysis of the diets of nearly 400, 000 UK adults published Monday in the journal Frontiers in Nutrition rather shocking: Eating veggies, especially cooked ones, doesn’t reduce your risk of heart disease over time. ”和第二段可推断这项新研究发现烹饪过的蔬菜并不会降低患心脏病的风险, 颠覆了之前的研究结论。故选C。
2. What did Feng imply about vegetables’ protective effect
A. It was made up by some researchers.
B. It is true despite some different findings.
C. It can be achieved through a healthy lifestyle.
D. It is a misconception caused by other factors.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知, Feng认为蔬菜摄入对心血管疾病风险的保护效果可能是由于社会经济状况和生活方式差异引起的偏见。故选D。
3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined phrase “took exception to”
A. Voiced objections to.
B. Added details to.
C. Displayed ignorance of.
D. Took notice of.
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Don’t start celebrating yet, veggie haters. ”和画线词所在句“Experts in the UK and United States quickly took exception to the study’s conclusion. ”可推断出是英国和美国的专家提出了异议, 所以took exception to的意思是“提出反对意见”, 和A选项Voiced objections to同义, 故选A。
4. What did Lichtenstein think of the study
A. It was groundbreaking.
B. It was one-sided.
C. It would cause confusion.
D. It needed more evidence.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段“One thing that has become clear over the past decade is we should not be looking at single foods or nutrients, rather the whole dietary pattern, ” said Lichtenstein. 可推知Lichtenstein认为这项研究是片面的, 因为它只关注单一食物或营养素, 而没有考虑整体饮食模式。故选B。
【失分剖析】
第4题容易误选D。在平时阅读中, 经常见到一些前沿的科学报道都处于未完善的状态, 需要进一步研究或证实, 这一点与本文的报道内容相似。考生可能基于这个认识而误选D。
B
　　AI is considered to be transformative for a wide range of industries, but there’s perhaps no other field where it provides more value than healthcare. Machine-learning programs are now being used in many hospitals to spot cancer and other diseases and discover new drugs, but there’s still this general impression that this is all done in a small way and the impacts are still minimal. AI is already here to stay and it has already saved thousands of lives.
　　Researchers at Johns Hopkins University published two studies in July 2022 describing a machine-learning-based early detection tool for sepsis(败血症) that was used at five hospitals over a two-year period. During this period, the AI was able to identify nearly 10, 000 sepsis cases from patient records and helped doctors offer critical care about two hours, on average, earlier than when they didn’t have access to the AI’s warning. Thanks to this system, the patients were 20% less likely to die of sepsis, potentially saving thousands of lives across the U. S. if it is implemented(实施) nationwide.
　　Once sepsis sets in, the patient usually suffers fever, a rapid heart rate, and difficult breathing. When treating sepsis, time is of critical importance. However, sepsis is not always apparent, so there are naturally some delayed diagnoses. But if the condition is not diagnosed in time, it can progress into septic shock, causing a significant drop in blood pressure, organ failure, and other serious consequences. Even with treatment, in some cases, there is nothing doctors can do to save the patient’s life, which is why prevention is the name of the game with sepsis.
　　This is why the AI developed at Johns Hopkins University, known as the Targeted Real-time Early Warning System, is so important. In the two years the system had been online since 2018, during which it monitored 590, 000 patients via their electronic health records, the AI was able to flag nearly 10, 000 cases of sepsis. Its accuracy following diagnosis proved to be 38%, which might not sound like a lot, but earlier systems couldn’t achieve more than 12%.
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道, 主要讲的是现在许多医院都在使用机器学习程序来发现癌症和其他疾病, 并发现新药, 但人们仍然普遍认为, 这一切都是以一种很小的方式完成的, 影响仍然很小。
5. What’s the general impression of AI in the healthcare industries
A. It is widely implemented to spot diseases.
B. It provides more value than in other fields.
C. It has a limited impact.
D. It has failed to save lives.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“现在, 许多医院都在使用机器学习程序来发现癌症和其他疾病, 并发现新药, 但人们仍然普遍认为, 这一切都是以一种很小的方式完成的, 影响仍然很小”可知人们对人工智能在医疗行业的总体印象是它的影响有限。故选C。
6. What did researchers at Johns Hopkins University find about the AI tool for sepsis
A. It could update patient records.
B. It could be used to figure out how sepsis occurs.
C. It could uncover the reason for delayed diagnoses.
D. It could be applied to sepsis detection and timely caregiving.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段可知, 约翰斯·霍普金斯大学的研究人员发现败血症的人工智能工具可用于败血症的检测和及时护理。故选D。
7. What does Paragraph 3 mainly focus on
A. The importance of sepsis prevention.
B. The difficulty of diagnosing sepsis.
C. The identification of septic shock.
D. The treatment for septic shock.
【解析】选A。段落大意题。第三段主要讲的是预防败血症的重要性。故选A。
8. Why does the author present the data in the last paragraph
A. To introduce the downside of the studies.
B. To stress the effectiveness of the warning system.
C. To indicate the big number of patients with sepsis.
D. To call for the improvement of the tool’s accuracy.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段“自2018年该系统上线两年期间, 它通过电子健康记录监测了59万名患者, 人工智能能够标记出近1万例败血症。其诊断后的准确率被证明为38%, 这听起来可能不是很多, 但早期的系统无法超过12%。”可知, 作者在最后一段列出数据的目的是强调预警系统的有效性。故选B。
Ⅱ. 七选五(共5小题;每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
　　Several years ago, I experienced daily severe headaches that made me want to bang my head against a brick wall. I was desperate to find a cure. 　9　
　　In my hopelessness, my father suggested acupuncture, a treatment he had experienced in Hong Kong. It had successfully relieved his lower back pain when other treatments and medicines had failed. With limited exposure to traditional Chinese medicine, I decided to give acupuncture a try.
　　With no particular expectations, I found myself in the office of a middle-aged woman, surrounded by Chinese herbal medicines. After explaining my issue, she placed 3 fingers on my wrist to feel my heartbeat. 　10　 Soon, she took out the needles, which made me somewhat uneasy as such objects typically make me uncomfortable.
　　 　11　 To deal with my headaches, the treatment began on the back of my hand, far from my head. As the doctor gently handled the needles, I got the feeling that something was flowing throughout my entire body.
　　The doctor then continued to tap and move more needles across my body. The electricity was turned on, and the doctor left the room. 　12　 Around the 5-minute mark, the doctor returned and adjusted the electricity level. A moment later, before I knew it, she turned off the electricity and removed the needles, marking an end to the 20-minute process. She then gave me some herbal medicine to take for 5 days.
　　I returned to the doctor for a total of 10 sessions, and each time the same routine was repeated and the same herbal medicine was given. The true benefits of the acupuncture treatment became clear: I remained free of headaches for 2 years. 　13　 If you’ve experienced similar conditions, I highly recommend trying it.
A. At last, my efforts paid off.
B. I now strongly advocate acupuncture.
C. I was then guided to a room and told to lie down.
D. Despite trying different solutions, nothing worked.
E. My initial experience with acupuncture was quite surprising.
F. Though it may seem scary, the acupuncture cured my back pain.
G. Lying still, I could sense the electricity flowing throughout my body.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文, 讲述了作者因长期遭受严重头痛困扰而尝试针灸治疗的经历。文中详细描述了从接受针灸建议、初次诊疗过程、治疗中的感受, 到最终症状缓解并推荐他人尝试的过程。
9. 【解析】选D。由上文“几年前, 我每天都会经历剧烈的头痛, 让我想把头往砖墙上撞。我非常渴望找到治疗方法”可知, 这里在描述作者头痛的困境以及寻找治疗方法的急迫性。D选项“Despite trying different solutions, nothing worked. (尽管尝试了不同的解决办法, 但都没有奏效。)”能够承接上文, 表明作者在尝试多种方法无果后的绝望状态。故选D。
10. 【解析】选C。由上文“在解释了我的问题后, 她用三个手指按在我的手腕上感受我的脉搏”可知, 接下来的逻辑应是叙述初次体验针灸的过程。根据下文“很快, 她取出了针, 这让我有些不安, 因为这样的东西通常会让我不舒服”可知, 本空描写医生感受脉搏后和取针之间的事情, C选项“然后我被引导到一个房间并被告知躺下”能够很好地承上启下, 是对前文情境的延续。故选C。
11. 【解析】选E。由下文“为了治疗头痛, 我从远离头部的手背开始治疗”可知, 为了治疗头痛, 我从远离头部的手背开始治疗, 这让人很吃惊, E选项“我最初的针灸经历非常令人惊讶”能引起下文, 符合题意。故选E。
12. 【解析】选G。由上文“电打开了, 医生离开了房间”和下文“大约5分钟的时候, 医生回来调整了电量”可知, 此处应描述作者在接受治疗时的感受。G选项“静静地躺着, 我能感觉到电流流遍全身”能承上启下, 符合语境, 故选G。
13. 【解析】选B。由上文“我一共看了10次医生, 每次都重复同样的程序, 给的是同样的草药。针灸治疗的真正好处变得很明显:我两年没有头痛了”和下文“如果你经历过类似的情况, 我强烈建议你尝试一下”可知, 治疗的效果显著, 作者两年来没有头痛, 并推荐有类似情况的人尝试针灸。B选项作为总结性语句, 强调了针灸治疗的成功及其对作者的影响, 适合放在最后作为对全文经历的总结, 并引出对读者的建议, 能承上启下, 符合语境。故选B。
- 10 -Unit 5　First Aid
Step 1　题源研读·入境体验
Scientists Zero in on Origins of the Monkeypox Outbreak
科学家们锁定猴痘暴发源头
　　When the first monkeypox cases were identified in early May, European health officials were stumped(难倒). The virus was not known to spread easily among people. 　　The origins of the outbreak are becoming clearer. Genetic(基因) analysis suggests that although the monkeypox virus is rapidly spreading in the open, it has been silently circulating in people for years. The genetic information available so far indicated that, at some point in the past few years, the virus became better at spreading among people, said Trevor Bedford, an evolutionary biologist at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle. 　　“Genomic(基因组的) patterns would suggest this occurred around 2018, ” Bedford said. Monkeypox is a large double-stranded(双链) DNA virus. DNA-based viruses may collect just one or two mutations (突变)per year. 　　But the monkeypox virus seems to have amassed(积累, 积聚) an unexpectedly high number of mutations—nearly 50 compared to a version that circulated in 2018, according to preliminary(初步的) analyses. If the virus has adapted to including people as hosts, monkeypox outbreaks could become more frequent and more difficult to contain. That carries the risk that monkeypox could spill over from infected people into animals—most likely rodents—in countries outside Africa. The virus may persist in infected animals, sporadically(偶发地) triggering(引起) new infections in people. The longer it takes to contain the virus, the higher the possibility that it will find a permanent new home in people or animals, said Sagan Friant, an anthropologist(人类学家) at Pennsylvania State University. —The New York Times (同源高考:2019年全国卷Ⅰ D篇阅读选自该报纸)
【名师原创】 1. Which of the following statements is correct (C) A. The monkeypox virus only spreads in the open. B. The monkeypox virus collects just one or two mutations per year. C. The monkeypox outbreaks could become more frequent if the virus has adapted to including people as hosts. D. The origins of the monkeypox outbreak have not been known. 2. Where is this article likely to come from (D) A. A literary criticism. 　　 B. An advertisement. C. A social magazine. D. A science report. 【长难句分析】 The longer it takes to contain the virus, the higher the possibility that it will find a permanent new home in people or animals, said Sagan Friant, an anthropologist at Pennsylvania State University. 句中用到了“the+比较级, the+比较级”的结构, 后半句中的animals后面省略了is, possibility后紧跟一个同位语从句。完整形式是:the higher the possibility that it will find a permanent new home in people or animals (is)。
Step 2　核心考点·探究突破
【重点单词】
1. ease vi. &vt. (使)宽慰;减轻;缓解
n. 容易;舒适;自在
【语境速测】
①Hold burnt skin under cool running water for several minutes, until the pain eases(ease).
②(2025·全国Ⅱ卷) It eases (ease) peer pressure.
③In today’s modern world, their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being and fulfilment.
④My heart pounded with extreme nervousness, but her warm welcome soon put/set me at ease.
因为极度紧张, 我的心怦怦跳, 但是她的热情欢迎很快使我放松了下来。
feel/be at ease　　　 感到心情放松
put/set sb. at ease 使某人放松/自在
ease sb. of 消除某人的……
at ease 舒适;自由自在(可作状语/表语)
with ease 轻易地(只作状语)
2. delay vi. &vt. 推迟;延期(做某事) vt. 耽误;耽搁 n. 延误;耽搁(的时间);推迟
【语境速测】
①He delayed telling(tell) her the bad news for fear that she would get into panic.
②Having learned that I was in trouble, he came to my aid without delay.
③It’s important not to delay taking a first aid course, as you never know when you might need to use these life-saving skills.
重要的是不要推迟参加急救课程, 因为你永远不知道什么时候你可能需要使用这些拯救生命的技能。
(1)delay (doing) sth. 　 推迟/延误(做)某事
(2)without (any) delay 马上
the delay in. . . ……的延误/耽搁
【联想发散】 表示“推迟/耽搁”的单词或短语:
put off、hold up、postpone、set back等。
3. panic vi. &vt. (panicked; panicked; panicking) (使)惊慌 n. 惊恐;恐慌
【语境速测】
①Fortunately, people in panic managed to escape from the burning building before it collapsed.
②The roar of the bear panicked me into screaming, and I didn’t know how to ease the overwhelming panic. (panic)
③Panic swept through/took hold of/seized the swimmers as they saw the shark approaching.
游泳的人们看到鲨鱼逼近时一片惊慌。
panic over/at. . . 因……而恐慌;对……感到惊慌失措
panic sb. into doing sth. 使某人惊慌地做某事
get into a panic 陷入恐慌(动作)
be in a panic 陷入恐慌(状态)
4. desperate adj. 绝望的;孤注一掷的;非常需要
【语境速测】
①My friends try to drag me away from my phone, but as soon as I’m alone again, I’m desperate to get(get)back to the online world and the intense activity that it provides.
②Having walked for half an hour in such hot weather, I was desperate for a cold drink.
③The fire spread through the house quickly and the firefighters tried desperately　(desperate)to put it out.
④Desperate for the chance to be a volunteer, I do hope you can offer me the precious opportunity. (形容词短语作状语)
我渴望这个成为志愿者的机会。我的确希望你能给我这个宝贵的机会。
(1)be desperate for sth. 渴望某物
be desperate to do sth. 渴望做某事
(2)desperately adv. 绝望地;拼命地;不顾一切地
5. urgent adj. 紧急的;急迫的;急切的
【语境速测】
①Parents should actively urge their children to take (take)advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.
②In terms of learning English, he is in urgent need of much practice in order to speak more fluently.
③I can’t go out with you tonight because I have an urgent thing to attend to.
④She opened her eyes with a start and was about to cry out when she heard her father urgently telling her to keep quiet.
她吓得睁开了眼睛, 正要哭起来, 这时她听到父亲急切地叫她保持安静。
(1)urge　　　　　　v. 力劝, 敦促
urge sb. to do sth. /into doing sth.
力劝/敦促某人做某事
urge that. . . (should) do sth.
极力主张, 强调……
It is urged that. . . (should) do sth.
极力主张……做某事。
(2)have an urge to do sth. 迫切要做某事
(3)urgency n. 紧急;催促
【误区释疑】
urge 作动词, 后接 that 引导的宾语从句时, 常用虚拟语气, 即谓语动词用“should +动词原形”。
6. interrupt vi. &vt. 打断;打扰 vt. 使暂停;使中断
【语境速测】
①He was writing a poem when he was interrupted (interrupt) by a knock at the door.
②If you interrupt others’ conversation abruptly, you will be to blame for your interruption. (interrupt)
③To help them better understand our tea-drinking culture, I introduced the history of tea-making to them for several hours without interruption.
为了帮助他们更好地了解我们的饮茶文化, 我连续几个小时不间断地向他们介绍了泡茶的历史。
(1)be interrupted by 被……打断/阻断
(2)interruption n. 打扰;插嘴;打岔;阻断物
without interruption 连续地;不断地
【核心短语】
7. depend on 取决于; 依靠; 依赖
【语境速测】
①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent(depend), the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
②(2023·浙江1月高考)Campers enjoy a staff-to-child ratio ranging from 1∶4 to 1∶7 depending (depend) on the age group.
③(现代英语词典)Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not. It all depends(depend), you see.
④Don’t put your dependence (depend)on him, for he sometimes fails us.
(1)It/That depends　 看情况而定
(2)dependence n. 依赖; 依靠
dependent adj. 依赖的; 依靠的
8. help sb. to one’s feet帮助某人站起身来
【语境速测】
①We saw Li Hua slip during the 3-km run but struggle to his feet (挣扎着站起来)at last.
②I helped Mom to her feet(帮助妈妈站起来) from the bed and offered her a cup of hot water.
③While running, David tripped over a stone, but he struggled to his feet and dragged his feet towards the finish line. Almost all the audience rose to their feet, cheering for him.
跑步时, 大卫被一块石头绊倒了, 但是他挣扎着站起来, 拖着脚向终点线前进。几乎所有的观众都站起来, 为他加油。
jump/spring/leap to one’s feet　 跳起来
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
rise to one’s feet 站起来
stand on one’s own feet 自立;独立
stamp one’s foot/feet 跺脚
9. out of shape健康状况不好
【语境速测】
①He used to be badly out of shape (身体不好)for lack of exercise. To keep/be in shape(保持健康), he decides to make it a rule to work out on a regular basis.
②There are various birthday cakes for us to choose from, some of which are shaped like animals(形状像动物)while others are in the shape of toy cars(玩具车的形状).
③What’s more, you can try different kinds of workouts, such as jogging, biking, or swimming, which can help keep your whole body in shape.
更重要的是, 你可以尝试不同类型的锻炼, 如慢跑、骑自行车或游泳, 这可以帮助你保持身材。
(1)in good/bad shape　 健康状况良好/不佳
keep/be in shape 保持健康;处于良好状态
in the shape of 以……的形状/形式
take shape 使成形;形成
(2)shape sth. 影响/决定某物
be shaped like. . . 形状像……
【经典句型】
10. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. (P50)正如你能想象的, 烧伤可能会导致非常严重的损伤。
【语境速测】
①The oldest zoo in China is Beijing Zoo, which was founded in 1906.
②As is often the case all over the world with new areas of economic activity, the sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing supervision.
③As is reported in today’s newspaper, we must improve our style of work.
④Jenny, as everybody knows, is such a lovely and lively girl that all her classmates like her.
正如每个人所了解的那样, 珍妮是一个可爱活泼的女孩, 以至于同学们都喜欢她。
(1)as引导非限制性定语从句时, 指代整个主句的内容, 置于主句的前、中、后均可, 意为“正如……”。
(2)as引导限制性定语从句时, 其先行词的前面通常有such、the same 修饰, 构成such. . . as、the same. . . as结构。
(3)as引导定语从句的常用句式有:
As is known to us all/as we all know. . .
　　　　　　 　　　　众所周知……
As we can see. . . 正如我们所看到的……
As is reported. . . 正如报道的那样……
As is often the case. . . 这是常有的事……
As is mentioned above. . .
正如上面所提到的……
【名师点拨】
as ★as有“正如, 像”等意思, 作关系词指代整个主句的内容。 ★从句位置可在主句前, 主句中或主句后。 ★先行词作主语且定语从句为被动语态形式时, 通常用as
which ★which常译为“这一点, 这件事”等, 作关系词可以指代整个主句, 又可以指代主句中的一部分。 ★引导的从句常放在主句后
11. Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. 除非衣服粘贴在烧伤的皮肤上, 否则都要清除, 必要时可使用剪刀。
【语境速测】
①I won’t attend the party to be held tomorrow unless invited(invite).
②You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work.
③So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one.
所以, 当你犯了错误时不要停止演讲, 除非是非常严重的错误。
unless引导条件状语从句:
(1)unless意为“除非;如果不”, 引导肯定的条件状语从句, 可与if. . . not引导的否定状语从句互换。
(2)unless引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时表将来, 主句用一般将来时。
(3)unless引导的条件状语从句中, 如果主句与从句的主语一致, 且从句中有be动词, 可省略从句中的主语和be动词。
Step 3　跟踪评估·夯基提能
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)So, after studying the techniques(technique)for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.
2. (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers (layer)for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
3. (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Due to a big storm, my flight had been delayed (delay) by an hour and a half.
4. (2024·北京高考)Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely(loose) governed by traditions.
5. (2024·全国甲卷) This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down—a skill that has turned out to be quite practical(practice), especially whenever we share the newspaper.
6. (2022·全国乙卷)When the sun slipped(slip) behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them.
7. (2021·浙江1月高考)If there are three lines in the store, delays(delay) will happen randomly at different registers.
8. He reached out a hand, grabbed(grab) her by the arm and dragged her back.
9. Owing to the foggy (fog) weather, the operator (operate) left his hometown alone.
10. Guests panicked(panic) and screamed (scream)when the bomb exploded.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
【短语填空】
1. 无论什么时候我们有困难, 你总是我们可以依靠的人。
Whenever we’re in trouble, you’re always the person we can depend on.
2. 你要从这件事中得到教训, 玩火者必自焚。
You should learn a lesson from this incident: he who plays with fire will surely get burnt.
3. 学生们帮助他站起来, 然后他继续完成他的课。
Students helped him to his feet and then he continued to finish the class.
4. 锻炼可以防止身体走样。
Taking exercise can help prevent you from being out of shape.
【句式仿写】
5. It is essential to feel at ease with your families and friends.
仿写:为了让他放松, 我给他倒了一杯茶。
To put him at ease, I poured him a cup of tea.
6. It makes sense to eat a reasonably balanced diet when slimming.
仿写:为了省几美元而买最便宜的电脑是没有意义的。
It doesn’t make sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
7. I do not blame them for trying to make some money
仿写:被指责犯了这个错误, 吉姆感到有点沮丧。
Having been blamed for the mistake, Jim felt a little depressed.
8. Having been shown around the lab, the guests were taken to see the library.
仿写:被告诉很多次了, 他终于明白了。
Having been told many times, he finally understood it.
9. It is no good reading without understanding
仿写:期待老师忽视你粗心的错误是没有用的。
It is no good expecting the teacher to overlook your careless mistakes.
Ⅲ. 语篇填空
(黑体词是本单元核心词汇)
　　As the 1. largest(large)organ of your body, your skin can not only protect you against disease, toxins and the harmful rays, but also prevent your body from
2. losing(lose)too much water. Also, it warns you 3. when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch. So if your skin gets burnt, it can be very serious. First aid is a very important step in the 4. treatment(treat)of burns.
　　People can get burnt by many things, such 5. as hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, acids, or other chemicals. There are three 6. types　(type)of burns. They are divided into first-degree, second-degree or third-degree burns, 7. depending(depend)on which layers of the skin are burnt.
　　If you see someone get burnt, first remove any clothes unless you see the fabric 8. sticking(stick)to the burn and cool the burnt area with cool running water. Then dry the area 9. gently(gentle)and cover the area with a dry, clean bandage in order not to get it infected. If the burn is serious, the victim should be sent to a doctor or hospital 10. at once.
Ⅳ. 单元话题写作|医疗急救
　　假定你是李华, 你的英国朋友Eric写邮件向你了解中医药的情况, 并询问中医药在医疗保健中的作用, 请你给他回复一封邮件, 内容包括:
　　1. 简单介绍中医药;
　　2. 中医药在医疗保健中发挥的作用;
　　3. 表达祝愿。
　　注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
【连词成句】
1. 几千年来中医药一直对我们有利, 并且医生们一直用它来解决健康问题。
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has worked to our advantage for thousands of years, which doctors have been using to wrestle with health problems.
2. 针灸可以追溯到石器时代, 可以用来治疗疼痛和改善整体健康。
Acupuncture dating back to the Stone Age can be used to treat pain and improve overall wellness.
3. 中医药已被证明在增强人们的免疫系统方面是有效的。
TCM has proved its effectiveness in boosting people’s immune system.
4. TCM已应用于治疗各种疾病的人。
TCM has been applied to treat people with various diseases.
5. 祝你全家幸福, 照顾好自己!
Best wishes to your family and take care of yourself!
【连句成篇】
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【参考范文】
Dear Eric,
Thank you for writing to me! Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has worked to our advantage for thousands of years, which doctors have been using to wrestle with health problems. For instance, acupuncture dating back to the Stone Age can be used to treat pain and improve overall wellness.
Without doubt, in health care, TCM has proved its effectiveness in boosting people’s immune system, coming up with many effective solutions. Overall, TCM has been applied to treat people with various diseases.
Best wishes to your family and take care of yourself!
Yours,
Li Hua
- 16 -

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