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课时跟踪训练
Unit 4　Adversity and Courage
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分 20分)
A
My birth was a little more dramatic than the standard way a baby enters the world.I was born missing my left hand.Indeed, my limb (肢体) difference could have been a disaster if it hadn’t been for what happened next.A nurse placed me in my mother’s arms and instructed, “You will take her home.You will love her and treat her as normal.”
That is exactly what happened.I played sports, acted in theater, excelled in school and had playdates with friends.While I did get some stares and “polite” questions about my disability, I was lucky because I wasn’t made fun of for it.
However, that fact that I was different hit me hard on my first day of high school.I was 13, an age when kids are already very self-conscious and the need to fit in is intensified.I remember one of the other kids on the school bus stared just a little too long at my left arm.I felt a sudden urge to hide my hand, so I slipped it into my pocket.I told myself that I’d just hide it that one day, while I was trying to make friends.But one day of hiding turned into a week, a month, and years—25 of them to be exact.
When I was 38 years old, tired of hiding and lonely, I met someone special and invited him in.The combination of me finally feeling ready to unhide and his willingness to go through the unhiding process with me was exactly what I needed.For the first time in my life, I allowed someone to really hold my limb, look at it, touch it, love it—love me.I saw my limb difference as something unique about me, something that should be shown, not hidden.
It was a transformational experience, and I learned to love me too.It changed how I lived my entire life and made me happier.I also discovered and joined the Lucky Fin Project, an organization devoted to people with all types of disabilities.
Hiding things, especially from loved ones, is tiring and lonely, and it prevents us from getting help and support.It’s time to change that.
【语篇属性】
语篇类型 记叙文
主题语境 人与自我(优秀的品行,正确的人生态度)
语篇 内容 文章讲述了作者作为一个左手缺失的人的成长经历。作者出生时就与众不同,但得到了母亲的爱和正常对待。尽管在成长过程中遇到了一些挑战和自我意识的问题,但最终在38岁时,通过与一个特别的人的关系,学会了接受和爱自己的不同之处。作者还加入了Lucky Fin Project这个支持残疾人的组织,并鼓励人们不要隐藏自己的不同,以便得到支持和帮助
语篇 结构 Paras. 1、2 Born without a left hand, embraced by loving mother,she has an active childhood despite stares.
Para.3 High school self-consciousness leads to hiding her disability.
Para.4 At 38, a relationship helps embrace and love her difference.
Para.5 Join a disability support organization and advocate acceptance.
Para.6 Encourage openness to receive support and end loneliness.
1.What was the author’s childhood like
A.She had no social interactions with friends.
B.She was raised with care and treated normally.
C.She faced some challenges in school activities.
D.She was upset about the attention to her difference.
√
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第一段Indeed, my limb difference could have been a disaster if it hadn’t been for what happened next.A nurse placed me in my mother’s arms and instructed, “You will take her home.You will love her and treat her as normal.”及第二段可知,作者虽然天生残疾,但是在童年时代受到了精心照料,受到正常的对待。故选B。
2.What happened to the author when she was 13 years old
A.She began to ignore her disability.
B.She suffered prejudice from some kids.
C.She started hiding herself away from friends.
D.She became sensitive due to her self-awareness.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第三段可知,当作者13岁的时候,由于有了自我意识,作者对于周围的目光十分敏感。故选D。
√
3.How did the author change when she stopped hiding
A.She started to open up and be herself.
B.She met someone who cured her disability.
C.She was fed up with the company of others.
D.She reduced involvement in the disability group.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知,当作者停止隐藏时,她开始敞开心扉,做自己。故选A。
√
4.What can we learn from this passage
A.Misfortune is a good teacher.
B.Disability is not a barrier to success.
C.Self-acceptance can lead to self-love.
D.Nothing beats the feeling of being loved.
√
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据全文内容,作者生来残疾,小时候被好好照顾,直到中学时自我意识觉醒对周围的目光变得敏感,将自己隐藏起来,到38岁时决定敞开做自己,不再隐藏,接受自己的不完美,结合倒数第二段“It was a transformational experience, and I learned to love me too.”及最后一段可推知,作者在成长过程中感悟到,接受自己才能爱自己。由此推知,从文章中我们知道了“自我接纳会导致自爱”。故选C。
B
The Greek philosopher Heraclitus taught that you can’t step into the same river twice, for you aren’t the same person at each visit, and the water is ever flowing. It is a powerful way to represent the reality that everything is always changing.
Yet so many of us have difficulty adapting to change. We deny it, resist it or attempt to control it, the result of which is almost always some combination of stress, anxiety and burnout.
It doesn’t have to be that way. No doubt, change can, and often does, hurt. But with the right mindset, it can also be a force for growth. It’s not as if we have any choice in the matter. Like it or not, life is change. We’d be wise to shift our position from useless resistance to being in conversation with change instead.
A concept called allostasis can help. Developed in the late 1980s by Peter Sterling and Joseph Eyer, allostasis is defined as “stability through change”. In other words, the way to stay stable through the process of change is by changing, at least to some extent.
From neuroscience to pain science and psychology, allostasis has become the standard model for understanding change in the scientific community. The brain is at its best when it is constantly making new connections. Overcoming pain, be it physical or psychological, is not about resistance (which often worsens the experience) or trying to get back to where you were before a distressing event or situation. It’s about balancing acceptance with problem-solving and moving forward to new normal.
Yet this concept is still little known to ordinary people and it is time to start practicing it now. Over the past few years, the river of change has been flowing mercilessly, and it shows no signs of letting up. Hardly a decade after the widespread adoption of social media, a new technology that may be far more powerful, artificial intelligence, is being widely used.
It’s like what our friend Heraclitus advised: Take part in change by focusing on what we can control and trying to let go of what we can’t. Our ability to work with these changes is directly related to our life satisfaction.
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 议论文
主题 语境 人与自我(健康的生活方式,积极的生活态度)
语篇 内容 生命中唯一不变的就是变化。作者认为我们要学会适应无法改变的变化,积极地在变化中成长
语篇 结构 Para.1 Change is constant, as illustrated by Heraclitus’ river comparison.
Para.2 Many struggle with change, leading to stress and anxiety.
语篇 结构 Para.3 Change can be a positive force for growth with the right mindset.
Paras. 4-6 The definition and application of allostasis, not well-known but essential for adaptation.
Para.7 Embrace change by focusing on what we can control and letting go of what we can’t.
【命题意图】
5.What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph 第一段通过赫拉克利特的哲学观点引出了变化是不可避免的现实。本题抓住这个主旨命题,要求学生能够从文本中提取关键信息,并理解这些信息如何支持文章的主题
6.How should we deal with changes according to the author 第三段讨论了我们应该如何对待变化,建议我们从无用的抵抗转变为与变化对话。本题考查细节理解能力和推理判断能力,要求学生理解作者提出的对待变化的态度,并推断出这种态度的合理性
7.What does the underlined phrase “letting up” in Paragraph 6 probably mean 第六段讨论了变化的无情性和技术的快速发展,特别是社交媒体和人工智能的广泛使用。通过描述技术的快速发展,作者强调了变化的持续和加速。依据此逻辑,考查学生的词义猜测能力,要求学生根据上下文推断“letting up”的含义,以及理解科技进步对变化的影响
8.What is the best title for the text 全文讨论了变化的不可避免性,以及我们应该如何转变我们与变化的关系,特别是通过理解和实践“allostasis”的概念。文章通过提出问题、分析问题和提供解决方案,建立了一个关于变化的全面讨论。基于这一逻辑,考查学生整体理解能力和推理判断能力,要求学生理解全文的主旨,以及各个段落如何共同支持这个主旨
5.What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph
A.We could have a right mindset.
B.Philosophy exists everywhere.
C.Some people are wiser than others.
D.Change is unavoidable in life.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段“It is a powerful way to represent the reality that everything is always changing.”可知第一段强调万物时刻都在变化。故选D。
√
6.How should we deal with changes according to the author
A.Ignore them.　　 　
B.Participate in them.
C.Fight against them.
D.Put them under control.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段“We’d be wise to shift our position from useless resistance to being in conversation with change instead.”及最后一段“It’s like what our friend Heraclitus advised: Take part in change...”可知,作者认为比较可行的态度是积极参与到变化中来。故选B。
√
7.What does the underlined phrase “letting up” in Paragraph 6 probably
mean
A.Slowing down. B.Setting off.
C.Marching on. D.Pulling in.
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据画线词后“Hardly a decade after the widespread adoption of social media, a new technology that may be far more powerful, artificial intelligence, is being widely used.”可推断,科技进步还没有放慢的迹象,一直在变化。故选A。
√
8.What is the best title for the text
A.Why Can’t We Adapt to Changes in Life
B.How Can We Increase Our Life Satisfaction
C.Let’s Transform Our Relationship with Change
D.Try to Help the Public to Understand Allostasis
【解析】选C。最佳标题题。通读全文,特别是第三段及第四段可知,作者希望我们能改变心态去适应无法改变的变化,并积极地在变化中成长。故选C。
√
【阅读障碍】
【词汇积累】
resistance　　　 n.反对,抵制
allostasis n.应变稳态
neuroscience n.神经科学
mercilessly adv.残忍地;毫无慈悲地
Ⅱ.语法填空(共 10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15 分)
To ensure the health of the human body, we usually rely on a well-balanced diet.Once sick, we have to rely on medicine.Since ancient times, the Chinese people 9._______(believe) that food and medicine are of the same source, that is, food is at the same time medicine.Simply put, food in general has certain potential 10._______(prevent) or treat illness.Through different diets, people with different constitutions can improve 11._______(they) fitness, and prevent them from or decrease their chances of getting illness.
Different foods, when 12._______(eat) together, can have different effects 13._______ the body.Similarly, people in different physical conditions can have different responses to food.As a result, food can 14._______ (sort) as either appropriate or inappropriate.There is 15._______ wealth of knowledge and experience in China about the 16._______ (combine) of different kinds of food, and inappropriate food for certain situations.17._______ (addition), Chinese people take natural medicine as an ingredient of a dish to help treat illness and improve health.Such food is called medicinal diet, 18._______ is used to prevent and treat illnesses.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了食物与健康的密切关系,特别是中国传统的食物疗法和药膳理念。
9.【解析】have believed。考查时态和主谓一致。由Since ancient times可知,句子时态是现在完成时,主语people是复数,因此空格处用have believed。故填have believed。
10.【解析】to prevent。考查不定式。potential意为“潜力”,其后用不定式作后置定语,因此空格处是不定式to prevent。故填to prevent。
11.【解析】their。考查物主代词。空处和fitness之间是所属关系,因此空格处用形容词性物主代词their修饰fitness。故填their。
12.【解析】eaten。考查状语从句的省略。由can可知,句子时态用一般现在时,食物是被吃,因此when引导的时间状语从句中用一般现在时的被动语态,从句中主语和主句中主语一致,且从句中有be动词时可省略从句中的主语和be动词,因此空格处是eaten。故填eaten。
13.【解析】on。考查介词。have different effects on是固定短语,意为“对……有不同的影响”,因此空格处用介词on,故填on。
14.【解析】be sorted。考查被动语态。食物是被分类,句子用被动语态,空前有情态动词can,因此空格处是be sorted。故填be sorted。
15.【解析】a。考查冠词。a wealth of是固定短语,意为“大量的”,因此空格处是a,故填a。
16.【解析】combination。考查名词。由the和of可知,空格处用名词,combine的名词是combination,意为“结合”,是不可数名词,故填combination。
17.【解析】Additionally。考查副词。空格处用副词作状语,修饰整个句子,addition的副词是additionally,意为“此外”,位于句首的单词首字母大写,故填Additionally。
18.【解析】which。考查定语从句。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词medicinal diet是物,因此空格处用关系代词which,故填which。Unit 4　Adversity and Courage
Step 1　题源研读·入境体验
92-Year-Old Sky Diver Still Finding Adventure
92岁老妇跳伞庆祝生日
　　Taking a 13,000-foot plunge from an airplane will earn most jumpers a certificate.Instructor Paul Peckham Jr.knew that wouldn’t be enough for 92-year-old Jane Bockstruck.Peckham, a former Air Force combat controller, cut the parachutist wings he had sewn 30 years ago on his own helmet bag and gave them to Bockstruck—who celebrated her birthday with a flawless, 120-mph free fall in front of her children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren. “These silver wings represent courage, and you certainly displayed that today,” Peckham told her after the two landed safely Sept.19 in Orange, Mass., after a dive. Her family is used to her independent spirit but thought she was nuts when she suggested sky diving.“I don’t know what gave me the idea, but I thought,‘I guess I’ll jump out of a plane.’ Then I stuck with the story and did it,” said Bockstruck, who lives in the western New Hampshire town of Swanzey. 　　Peckham said he has seen people much younger balk at the prospect of sky diving.“She knew exactly what she was doing,” he said.“I’m sure she was nervous and anxious and possibly a little afraid.She went ahead and did it.I call that courage.” Their outing lasted roughly 10 minutes.“She was asking,‘Where’s the landing area ’ I pointed down to the airport,” Peckham said.“I pointed out the Quabbin Reservoir and Mount Monadnock and the Berkshire Mountains.She acknowledged they were there; she could see them.” She started waving to her family between 4,000 and 5,000 feet.“It was nice,” Bockstruck said in an interview.“It was quite windy and cold, but we had a lot of clothes on.Of course, if you’ve got somebody with you, it’s a little warmer.You know, two of us.” Bockstruck’s son, James Devine Ⅱ, thinks his mother got her idea after seeing former President George H.W.Bush sky dive in June for his 85th birthday—the same way he celebrated his 75th and 80th birthdays. —https://www.nationalgeographic.com/ (同源高考:2023年新高考Ⅰ卷B篇阅读选自本网站)
【名师原创】 1.How did her family react after hearing Bockstruck’s idea of sky dive (B) A.They firmly supported her idea. B.They were greatly amazed at her idea. C.They strongly opposed her idea. D.They slightly questioned her idea. 2.Which of the following best describes Bockstruck (A) A.Optimistic and brave. B.Humorous and considerate. C.Fair and thoughtful. D.Conservative and cautious. 【长难句分析】 Peckham, a former Air Force combat controller, cut the parachutist wings he had sewn 30 years ago on his own helmet bag and gave them to Bockstruck—who celebrated her birthday with a flawless, 120-mph free fall in front of her children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren. 主句主语是Peckham,a former Air Force combat controller 是Peckham的同位语,he had sewn 30 years ago on his own helmet bag是定语从句,修饰先行词the parachutist wings,who引导的也是定语从句,修饰先行词Bockstruck。
Step 2　核心考点·探究突破
【重点单词】
1.enthusiastic adj. 热情的;热心的
【语境速测】
①The activity made a strong impression on us and aroused the enthusiasm(enthusiastic) of us students for various plants.
②They fired her enthusiasm(enthusiastic) for helping others.
③(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Fortunately for those in midlife,Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic(enthusiasm) exerciser,getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
④I am not only enthusiastic but also easy to get along/on with,which makes me qualified for the voluntary work advertised in the newspaper.
我不仅热情而且容易相处,这使得我能胜任报纸上所刊登的志愿者工作。
(1)be enthusiastic about (doing) sth.
　　　　　　　　　　　　 对(做)某事热情
be enthusiastic to do sth. 热衷于做某事
(2)enthusiasm n.热情;热忱
have/keep enthusiasm for 有/保持……的热情
arouse sb.’s enthusiasm 激起某人的热情
lack/be full of enthusiasm 缺乏/充满热情
enthusiastically adv.热情地;热心地
with enthusiasm =enthusiastically 热情地
2.assign vt.分派;布置;分配;确定;转让
【语境速测】
①The assessment for the course involves written assignments(assign) and practical tests.
②(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)For example,one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned (assign)the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves”.
③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments(assign) to be completed at home,both of which will be graded.
④(2022·浙江高考)I was assigned(assign) to serve the salad with the lady next to me.
⑤(2022·浙江1月高考)Above all, I hoped he wouldn’t assign me to work(work)with the fiercely competitive and extremely serious fellow who always wore dark clothes and apparently had a personality to match.
⑥He is serious about every task assigned to him and has a strong ability to solve problems.
他认真对待交给他的每一项任务,并且他有很强的解决问题的能力。
(1)assign sb. sth.=assign sth. to sb.
　　　　　　　　 安排/分配某事(物)给某人
assign sb.to... 指派某人承担……;把某人分派到……
assign sb.to do sth. 指派某人做某事
(2)assignment n.任务;作业;分配
3.sink (sank/sunk, sunk, sinking)vi. 沉没;下沉;下降 vt.使下沉;使沉没
【语境速测】
①(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking(sink) of the Titanic by acting out a play,where I played all the parts.
②(2023·浙江1月高考)The sun was beginning to sink(sink) as I set off into the Harenna Forest.
③When the man heard the ship had sunk into the ocean, his heart sank.(sink)
④Grief/Sadness/Sorrow came in waves.He sank into the chair, crying his eyes out.
悲伤如潮水一般涌来。他倒在椅子上,放声大哭。
sink into　　　　 陷入(某种情绪/状态);陷进(物体表面)
sink down (物)下沉、缓缓降下;(人)瘫坐、颓然坐下;情绪低落
one’s heart/spirits sink　心情沉重/情绪低落
a sinking feeling/ship 颓丧感/沉船
4.abandon vt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃;中止;陷入 n.放任;放纵
【语境速测】
①(2022·全国乙卷)The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned(abandon).
②(2020·江苏高考)LoveFone, a company that advocates repairing cellphones rather than abandoning(abandon) them, opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016.
③His last sentence went like a bullet to her heart.She burst into tears and abandoned herself to despair.
他最后一句话深深地伤了她的心。她大哭起来,陷入绝望。
④Faced with these angry questions,he tried to speak,but for once, his voice abandoned him.
面对这些愤怒的质问,他想说点什么,却一时语塞。
(1)abandon (doing) sth.　　 放弃(做)某事
abandon oneself to (doing) sth.
　　　　　 沉湎于(做)某事;纵情于(做)某事
(2)abandoned 　　 adj.被遗弃的;无约束的;无度的;放纵的
be abandoned to (doing) sth. 沉湎于(做)某事
(3)with abandon 纵情;放任地
5.resolve vi.& vt.决定;决心 vt.解决(问题或困难) n.决心;坚定的信念
【语境速测】
①(2024·北京高考)Conflict was often resolved(resolve) in musical battles.
②I resolved to turn(turn) down his invitation because my teacher assigned too much homework.
③To resolve conflicts,we should learn to communicate more and put ourselves in others’ shoes.
为了解决冲突,我们应该学会多沟通,并换位思考。
(1)resolve to do sth.　　　决定做某事
(2)resolution n.决定;解决;决心
make a resolution to do... 下定决心做……
【核心短语】
6.turn sb.down拒绝(某人)
【语境速测】
①(2024·浙江1月高考)The last one standing has just been turned into a“mini community library”: any passer-by can “borrow” a book from its shelves, and return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection.
②(2024·浙江1月高考)After that, she tried to see if she could complete her first lap.One lap turned into two, then three, then four.
③(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Audio(音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.
④Because he didn’t make full preparations for the interview, he was refused.
→Not having made full preparations for the interview, he was turned down.(非谓语动词作原因状语;turn 短语)
turn in　　　　 上交
turn down 调小;拒绝
turn up 出现;把音量调大
turn to sb.(for help) 求助于某人
turn off 关闭;关掉
turn on 打开;开启
turn into 变成
turn out 结果是;最终成为
7.give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体)
【语境速测】
①I tried to persuade him that just being afraid of being laughed at was no reason to give up.
②(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
③People were afraid to give out their credit card numbers.
④That weekend, we went to a nearby nursing home and gave them away to the people there.
那个周末,我们去了附近的一个养老院并把它们捐赠给那里的人们。
give in　　　 屈服; 投降; 让步; 上交
give away 赠送; 泄露; 错失(机会)
give back 归还
give out 分发; 用完; 耗尽; 发出(光、热、声音)
give up 放弃
give way to 让位于
【经典句型】
8.If it weren’t for sea animals,we would all starve.(P44)
如果没有海洋动物,我们都会挨饿。
【语境速测】
①What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we would have had(have)a good time together.
②(2023·全国乙卷)Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been(be) so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)If food waste were(be) a country,it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.
④If it hadn’t been for your help,I wouldn’t have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
要不是你的帮助,我就不会在英语写作比赛中获得一等奖。
⑤If it weren’t for Dad,I wouldn’t be where I am today.
要不是爸爸,我哪会有今天的成就。
虚拟语气在if虚拟条件句中的运用如下:
假设 虚拟条件句中的谓语动词 主句中的谓语动词
与现在事实相反的假设 动词的过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反的假设 had+过去分词 would/could/should/might+have+过去分词
与将来事实相反的假设 (1)动词的过去式 (2)were to+动词原形 (3)should+动词原形 would/could/should/might+动词原形
Step 3　跟踪评估·夯基提能
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·北京高考)Typically, cruelty(cruel) and cheating are discouraged,while cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised.
2.(2024·北京高考)Our social instincts (本能)include the intense desire to belong(belong).
3.The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance (guide)of a trainer for four or more days a week.
4.Before I competed,I had mixed program of strength and endurance (endure) training.
5.You didn’t seem to be terribly enthusiastic(enthusiasm) about the performance.
6.After entering the key university, David committed himself to studying day and night.His commitment won him a great reputation and became famous on campus.(commit)
Ⅱ.完成句子
【短语填空】
1.大卫满怀希望地申请了四所大学,但是都被拒绝了。
David hopefully applied to four universities, but all of them turned him down.
2.在他的指导下,研究小组最终设法提前解决了问题。
Under his guidance, the research group finally managed to solve the problem ahead of schedule.
3.我开会迟到了30分钟是因为堵车了。
I was thirty minutes late for the meeting because I was stuck in traffic.
【句式仿写】
4.This issue was of such importance that we could not afford to ignore it.
仿写:昨天天气很好,我和朋友们去游泳了。
It was such fine weather yesterday that I went swimming with my friends.
5.If I were you, I would spare no effort to achieve my dream.
仿写:假如没有植物,也就不会有动物,人也就没有肉吃了。
If there were no plants,we would have no animals and no meat.
Ⅲ.语篇填空
(黑体词是本单元核心词汇)
As a young man of both passion and endurance,Perce Blackborow had long been 1.dreaming (dream) of decent adventure.So he didn’t give up when Sir Ernest Shackleton turned down his request to join the expedition.Perce 2.secretly (secret) hid himself in a cupboard,only 3.to be found (find) three days after they set off.He felt fortunate and happy when he was assigned as a steward instead of being sent back home.
It turned out to be a tough journey.The ship got 4.stuck (stick) in the ice as they approached Antarctica and they had to abandon the ship.5.Under the guidance of Sir Ernest,they 6.threw (throw) away nearly everything except necessities and a banjo,7.which kept their spirits up during the journey.Survival was not easy and things went from bad to worse.Finally Sir Ernest left for South Georgia Island in order to find help.The desperate situation made young Perce Blackborow feel down and become bad-tempered.It was the genuine 8.encouragement (encourage) and concern from Bless Frank Wild that cheered him up.Frank and Ernest’s resolve and perseverance filled him with hope.Realizing that he shouldn’t become selfish just because of 9.the adversity they were faced with,he learned to be optimistic and 10.determined (determine).
Ⅳ.单元话题写作|人与自我
“Mom, I want that... and that... and that,” insisted a girl who looked about Judy’s age. The girl kept pointing at items on the shelves, and magically, the items appeared in her shopping cart. She noticed that whatever the teenage girl pointed at, her mother immediately put it in their cart. Judy and the mother-daughter pair had coincidentally walked down to the cashier together, and by the time their cart had gone from empty to full. Judy glanced at their cart, which was filled with chips and snacks. She looked at her own cart, where there was next to nothing.
Judy, a high school senior, was tasked to do the weekly shopping and had to stretch a dollar as much as possible. However, once home, Judy’s mother complained about her, “Why not get the cheapest items Don’t buy unnecessary things. We aren’t wealthy.” Judy was not a spendthrift(挥霍无度的人), but her mother always urged her not to spend too much. Instead of feeling annoyed, Judy quietly resolved never to find herself in such a situation again.
The following week at school, a guest speaker delivered a speech about determination. The speaker made the students think and challenged them to take control of their lives. Judy felt very inspired. She remembered one particular line, “Determination leads to success.” She realized she could not change her family’s poor circumstances at the moment, but she could change her own future. This determined mindset made her put forth her best effort in her studies.
Judy’s biggest challenge was her mother. Her mother was not taking proper care of her because she was very thin and quite often ill. In addition to her usual chores of cooking, Judy had to help her mother get in and out of bed. However, Judy remained determined to do well. With the goal in mind, Judy burned the midnight oil, shouldering her responsibilities and taking care of her mother.
　　注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
With the strain of her lessons,Judy felt more and more stressed.
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　One day, Judy received a call from the principal, asking her to give a speech. _______________________________________________________________
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步骤一　快读文本 获取信息
文本导语:文章讲述了Judy在家庭经济困难和照顾生病母亲的压力下,依然坚持学习,克服困难最终取得成功的故事。
续写线索:文章围绕Judy的挑战、努力和成长展开,展现了她在压力下的坚持和突破,主题为“决心与成功”。Judy在学业和家庭责任之间的压力越来越大;Judy被邀请在学校发表演讲,展现了她如何克服困难并取得成功。
步骤二　细读续写段首句 合理推测
1.针对续写第一段提示语设问并推测:
设问:Why did Judy feel more and more stressed with the strain of her lessons
推测:Judy感到学业压力越来越大,可能是因为她不仅要应对繁重的学习任务,还要照顾生病的母亲,导致她身心俱疲。
段落1:通过描写Judy在学业和家庭责任之间的压力,展现她的努力和坚持,同时也为后续的情节发展埋下伏笔。
2.针对续写第二段提示语设问并推测:
设问:Why did the principal ask Judy to give a speech
推测:校长可能注意到了Judy在学业和家庭责任之间的努力和坚持,认为她的经历能够激励其他学生,因此邀请她分享自己的故事。
段落2:通过描写Judy被邀请演讲的经历,展现她如何克服困难,最终取得成功。这个情节不仅会丰富故事内容,还会进一步升华主题。
步骤三　恰当用词 打造美句
1.Judy意识到这是一个证明自己努力和成功的机会。
Judy realized this was an opportunity to prove her struggles and success.
2.她谈到了决心的重要性。
She talked about the importance of determination.
3.演讲这天到了,观众被打动。
The day of the speech arrived, and the audience was moved.
4.Judy离开舞台时感到前所未有的成就感。
Judy left the stage with a sense of accomplishment she had never felt before.
步骤四　衔接过渡 组句成篇
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【参考范文】
With the strain of her lessons, Judy felt more and more stressed.The weight of her responsibilities seemed to multiply each day, and the pressure to excel academically while caring for her mother was overwhelming.Nights turned into early mornings as she was immersed in assignments, her eyes red for lack of sleep.The strain showed on her face, her once dynamic smile now rare and forced.Yet, through it all, Judy’s determination never wavered.She kept reminding herself of the guest speaker’s words and used them as a beacon to guide her through the darkest hours.
One day, Judy received a call from the principal, asking her to give a speech.Surprised and initially hesitant, she wasn’t sure if she had the energy or the words to inspire others, given her current circumstances.But then she realized this was an opportunity to prove her struggles and success.With a renewed sense of purpose, Judy prepared her speech, pouring her heart and soul into every word.She talked about the importance of determination, how it had carried her through tough times, and how it could inspire others to face their own challenges.The day of the speech arrived, and the audience was moved.Judy left the stage with a sense of accomplishment she had never felt before.
- 16 -课时跟踪训练 Unit 4　Adversity and Courage
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分 20分)
A
My birth was a little more dramatic than the standard way a baby enters the world.I was born missing my left hand.Indeed, my limb (肢体) difference could have been a disaster if it hadn’t been for what happened next.A nurse placed me in my mother’s arms and instructed, “You will take her home.You will love her and treat her as normal.”
That is exactly what happened.I played sports, acted in theater, excelled in school and had playdates with friends.While I did get some stares and “polite” questions about my disability, I was lucky because I wasn’t made fun of for it.
However, that fact that I was different hit me hard on my first day of high school.I was 13, an age when kids are already very self-conscious and the need to fit in is intensified.I remember one of the other kids on the school bus stared just a little too long at my left arm.I felt a sudden urge to hide my hand, so I slipped it into my pocket.I told myself that I’d just hide it that one day, while I was trying to make friends.But one day of hiding turned into a week, a month, and years—25 of them to be exact.
When I was 38 years old, tired of hiding and lonely, I met someone special and invited him in.The combination of me finally feeling ready to unhide and his willingness to go through the unhiding process with me was exactly what I needed.For the first time in my life, I allowed someone to really hold my limb, look at it, touch it, love it—love me.I saw my limb difference as something unique about me, something that should be shown, not hidden.
It was a transformational experience, and I learned to love me too.It changed how I lived my entire life and made me happier.I also discovered and joined the Lucky Fin Project, an organization devoted to people with all types of disabilities.
Hiding things, especially from loved ones, is tiring and lonely, and it prevents us from getting help and support.It’s time to change that.
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 记叙文
主题 语境 人与自我(优秀的品行,正确的人生态度)
语篇 内容 文章讲述了作者作为一个左手缺失的人的成长经历。作者出生时就与众不同,但得到了母亲的爱和正常对待。尽管在成长过程中遇到了一些挑战和自我意识的问题,但最终在38岁时,通过与一个特别的人的关系,学会了接受和爱自己的不同之处。作者还加入了Lucky Fin Project这个支持残疾人的组织,并鼓励人们不要隐藏自己的不同,以便得到支持和帮助
语篇 结构 Paras. 1、2 Born without a left hand, embraced by loving mother,she has an active childhood despite stares.
Para.3 High school self-consciousness leads to hiding her disability.
Para.4 At 38, a relationship helps embrace and love her difference.
Para.5 Join a disability support organization and advocate acceptance.
Para.6 Encourage openness to receive support and end loneliness.
1.What was the author’s childhood like
A.She had no social interactions with friends.
B.She was raised with care and treated normally.
C.She faced some challenges in school activities.
D.She was upset about the attention to her difference.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第一段Indeed, my limb difference could have been a disaster if it hadn’t been for what happened next.A nurse placed me in my mother’s arms and instructed, “You will take her home.You will love her and treat her as normal.”及第二段可知,作者虽然天生残疾,但是在童年时代受到了精心照料,受到正常的对待。故选B。
2.What happened to the author when she was 13 years old
A.She began to ignore her disability.
B.She suffered prejudice from some kids.
C.She started hiding herself away from friends.
D.She became sensitive due to her self-awareness.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第三段可知,当作者13岁的时候,由于有了自我意识,作者对于周围的目光十分敏感。故选D。
3.How did the author change when she stopped hiding
A.She started to open up and be herself.
B.She met someone who cured her disability.
C.She was fed up with the company of others.
D.She reduced involvement in the disability group.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知,当作者停止隐藏时,她开始敞开心扉,做自己。故选A。
4.What can we learn from this passage
A.Misfortune is a good teacher.
B.Disability is not a barrier to success.
C.Self-acceptance can lead to self-love.
D.Nothing beats the feeling of being loved.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据全文内容,作者生来残疾,小时候被好好照顾,直到中学时自我意识觉醒对周围的目光变得敏感,将自己隐藏起来,到38岁时决定敞开做自己,不再隐藏,接受自己的不完美,结合倒数第二段“It was a transformational experience, and I learned to love me too.”及最后一段可推知,作者在成长过程中感悟到,接受自己才能爱自己。由此推知,从文章中我们知道了“自我接纳会导致自爱”。故选C。
B
The Greek philosopher Heraclitus taught that you can’t step into the same river twice, for you aren’t the same person at each visit, and the water is ever flowing. It is a powerful way to represent the reality that everything is always changing.
Yet so many of us have difficulty adapting to change. We deny it, resist it or attempt to control it, the result of which is almost always some combination of stress, anxiety and burnout.
It doesn’t have to be that way. No doubt, change can, and often does, hurt. But with the right mindset, it can also be a force for growth. It’s not as if we have any choice in the matter. Like it or not, life is change. We’d be wise to shift our position from useless resistance to being in conversation with change instead.
A concept called allostasis can help. Developed in the late 1980s by Peter Sterling and Joseph Eyer, allostasis is defined as “stability through change”. In other words, the way to stay stable through the process of change is by changing, at least to some extent.
From neuroscience to pain science and psychology, allostasis has become the standard model for understanding change in the scientific community. The brain is at its best when it is constantly making new connections. Overcoming pain, be it physical or psychological, is not about resistance (which often worsens the experience) or trying to get back to where you were before a distressing event or situation. It’s about balancing acceptance with problem-solving and moving forward to new normal.
Yet this concept is still little known to ordinary people and it is time to start practicing it now. Over the past few years, the river of change has been flowing mercilessly, and it shows no signs of letting up. Hardly a decade after the widespread adoption of social media, a new technology that may be far more powerful, artificial intelligence, is being widely used.
It’s like what our friend Heraclitus advised: Take part in change by focusing on what we can control and trying to let go of what we can’t. Our ability to work with these changes is directly related to our life satisfaction.
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 议论文
主题 语境 人与自我(健康的生活方式,积极的生活态度)
语篇 内容 生命中唯一不变的就是变化。作者认为我们要学会适应无法改变的变化,积极地在变化中成长
语篇 结构 Para.1 Change is constant, as illustrated by Heraclitus’ river comparison.
Para.2 Many struggle with change, leading to stress and anxiety.
语篇 结构 Para.3 Change can be a positive force for growth with the right mindset.
Paras. 4-6 The definition and application of allostasis, not well-known but essential for adaptation.
Para.7 Embrace change by focusing on what we can control and letting go of what we can’t.
【命题意图】
5.What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph 第一段通过赫拉克利特的哲学观点引出了变化是不可避免的现实。本题抓住这个主旨命题,要求学生能够从文本中提取关键信息,并理解这些信息如何支持文章的主题
6.How should we deal with changes according to the author 第三段讨论了我们应该如何对待变化,建议我们从无用的抵抗转变为与变化对话。本题考查细节理解能力和推理判断能力,要求学生理解作者提出的对待变化的态度,并推断出这种态度的合理性
7.What does the underlined phrase “letting up” in Paragraph 6 probably mean 第六段讨论了变化的无情性和技术的快速发展,特别是社交媒体和人工智能的广泛使用。通过描述技术的快速发展,作者强调了变化的持续和加速。依据此逻辑,考查学生的词义猜测能力,要求学生根据上下文推断“letting up”的含义,以及理解科技进步对变化的影响
8.What is the best title for the text 全文讨论了变化的不可避免性,以及我们应该如何转变我们与变化的关系,特别是通过理解和实践“allostasis”的概念。文章通过提出问题、分析问题和提供解决方案,建立了一个关于变化的全面讨论。基于这一逻辑,考查学生整体理解能力和推理判断能力,要求学生理解全文的主旨,以及各个段落如何共同支持这个主旨
5.What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph
A.We could have a right mindset.
B.Philosophy exists everywhere.
C.Some people are wiser than others.
D.Change is unavoidable in life.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段“It is a powerful way to represent the reality that everything is always changing.”可知第一段强调万物时刻都在变化。故选D。
6.How should we deal with changes according to the author
A.Ignore them.　　 　
B.Participate in them.
C.Fight against them.
D.Put them under control.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段“We’d be wise to shift our position from useless resistance to being in conversation with change instead.”及最后一段“It’s like what our friend Heraclitus advised: Take part in change...”可知,作者认为比较可行的态度是积极参与到变化中来。故选B。
7.What does the underlined phrase “letting up” in Paragraph 6 probably mean
A.Slowing down. B.Setting off.
C.Marching on. D.Pulling in.
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据画线词后“Hardly a decade after the widespread adoption of social media, a new technology that may be far more powerful, artificial intelligence, is being widely used.”可推断,科技进步还没有放慢的迹象,一直在变化。故选A。
8.What is the best title for the text
A.Why Can’t We Adapt to Changes in Life
B.How Can We Increase Our Life Satisfaction
C.Let’s Transform Our Relationship with Change
D.Try to Help the Public to Understand Allostasis
【解析】选C。最佳标题题。通读全文,特别是第三段及第四段可知,作者希望我们能改变心态去适应无法改变的变化,并积极地在变化中成长。故选C。
【阅读障碍】
【词汇积累】
resistance　　　 n.反对,抵制
allostasis n.应变稳态
neuroscience n.神经科学
mercilessly adv.残忍地;毫无慈悲地
Ⅱ.语法填空(共 10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15 分)
To ensure the health of the human body, we usually rely on a well-balanced diet.Once sick, we have to rely on medicine.Since ancient times, the Chinese people 9._______(believe) that food and medicine are of the same source, that is, food is at the same time medicine.Simply put, food in general has certain potential 10._______(prevent) or treat illness.Through different diets, people with different constitutions can improve 11._______(they) fitness, and prevent them from or decrease their chances of getting illness.
Different foods, when 12._______(eat) together, can have different effects 13._______ the body.Similarly, people in different physical conditions can have different responses to food.As a result, food can 14._______ (sort) as either appropriate or inappropriate.There is 15._______ wealth of knowledge and experience in China about the 16._______ (combine) of different kinds of food, and inappropriate food for certain situations.17._______ (addition), Chinese people take natural medicine as an ingredient of a dish to help treat illness and improve health.Such food is called medicinal diet, 18._______ is used to prevent and treat illnesses.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了食物与健康的密切关系,特别是中国传统的食物疗法和药膳理念。
9.【解析】have believed。考查时态和主谓一致。由Since ancient times可知,句子时态是现在完成时,主语people是复数,因此空格处用have believed。故填have believed。
10.【解析】to prevent。考查不定式。potential意为“潜力”,其后用不定式作后置定语,因此空格处是不定式to prevent。故填to prevent。
11.【解析】their。考查物主代词。空处和fitness之间是所属关系,因此空格处用形容词性物主代词their修饰fitness。故填their。
12.【解析】eaten。考查状语从句的省略。由can可知,句子时态用一般现在时,食物是被吃,因此when引导的时间状语从句中用一般现在时的被动语态,从句中主语和主句中主语一致,且从句中有be动词时可省略从句中的主语和be动词,因此空格处是eaten。故填eaten。
13.【解析】on。考查介词。have different effects on是固定短语,意为“对……有不同的影响”,因此空格处用介词on,故填on。
14.【解析】be sorted。考查被动语态。食物是被分类,句子用被动语态,空前有情态动词can,因此空格处是be sorted。故填be sorted。
15.【解析】a。考查冠词。a wealth of是固定短语,意为“大量的”,因此空格处是a,故填a。
16.【解析】combination。考查名词。由the和of可知,空格处用名词,combine的名词是combination,意为“结合”,是不可数名词,故填combination。
17.【解析】Additionally。考查副词。空格处用副词作状语,修饰整个句子,addition的副词是additionally,意为“此外”,位于句首的单词首字母大写,故填Additionally。
18.【解析】which。考查定语从句。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词medicinal diet是物,因此空格处用关系代词which,故填which。
- 11 -(共52张PPT)
Unit 4　Adversity and Courage
Step 1　题源研读·入境体验
Step 3　跟踪评估·夯基提能
Step 2　核心考点·探究突破
Step 1　题源研读·入境体验
92-Year-Old Sky Diver Still Finding Adventure
92岁老妇跳伞庆祝生日
　　Taking a 13,000-foot plunge from an airplane will earn most jumpers a certificate.Instructor Paul Peckham Jr.knew that wouldn’t be enough for 92-year-old Jane Bockstruck.Peckham, a former Air Force combat controller, cut the parachutist wings he had sewn 30 years ago on his own helmet bag and gave them to Bockstruck—who celebrated her birthday with a flawless, 120-mph free fall in front of her children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren.
“These silver wings represent courage, and you certainly displayed that today,” Peckham told her after the two landed safely Sept.19 in Orange, Mass., after a dive.
Her family is used to her independent spirit but thought she was nuts when she suggested sky diving.“I don’t know what gave me the idea, but I thought,‘I guess I’ll jump out of a plane.’ Then I stuck with the story and did it,” said Bockstruck, who lives in the western New Hampshire town of Swanzey.
　　Peckham said he has seen people much younger balk at the prospect of sky diving.“She knew exactly what she was doing,” he said.“I’m sure she was nervous and anxious and possibly a little afraid.She went ahead and did it.I call that courage.” Their outing lasted roughly 10 minutes.“She was asking,‘Where’s the landing area ’ I pointed down to the airport,” Peckham said.“I pointed out the Quabbin Reservoir and Mount Monadnock and the Berkshire Mountains.She acknowledged they were there; she could see them.” She started waving to her family between 4,000 and 5,000 feet.“It was nice,” Bockstruck said in an interview.“It was quite windy and cold, but we had a lot of clothes on.Of course, if you’ve got somebody with you, it’s a little warmer.You know, two of us.”
Bockstruck’s son, James Devine Ⅱ, thinks his mother got her idea after seeing former President George H.W.Bush sky dive in June for his 85th birthday—the same way he celebrated his 75th and 80th birthdays.
—https://www.nationalgeographic.com/
(同源高考:2023年新高考Ⅰ卷B篇阅读选自本网站)
【名师原创】
1.How did her family react after hearing Bockstruck’s idea of sky dive ( )
A.They firmly supported her idea.
B.They were greatly amazed at her idea.
C.They strongly opposed her idea.
D.They slightly questioned her idea.
2.Which of the following best describes Bockstruck ( )
A.Optimistic and brave. B.Humorous and considerate.
C.Fair and thoughtful. D.Conservative and cautious.
√
√
【长难句分析】
Peckham, a former Air Force combat controller, cut the parachutist wings he had
sewn 30 years ago on his own helmet bag and gave them to Bockstruck—who
celebrated her birthday with a flawless, 120-mph free fall in front of her children,
grandchildren and great-grandchildren.
主句主语是_________,a former Air Force combat controller 是Peckham的
_______,he had sewn 30 years ago on his own helmet bag是_________,
修饰先行词___________________,who引导的也是_________,修饰先行
词___________。
Peckham
同位语
定语从句
the parachutist wings
定语从句
Bockstruck
Step 2　核心考点·探究突破
【重点单词】
1.enthusiastic adj. 热情的;热心的
【语境速测】
①The activity made a strong impression on us and aroused the ___________
(enthusiastic) of us students for various plants.
②They fired her ___________(enthusiastic) for helping others.
③(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Fortunately for those in midlife,Levine is finding that
even if you haven’t been an ___________(enthusiasm) exerciser,getting in
shape now may help improve your aging heart.
④I am _______________________________________________,which
makes me qualified for the voluntary work advertised in the newspaper.
我不仅热情而且容易相处,这使得我能胜任报纸上所刊登的志愿者工作。
enthusiasm
enthusiasm
enthusiastic
not only enthusiastic but also easy to get along/on with
(1)be enthusiastic about (doing) sth.
　　　　　　　　　　　　 对(做)某事热情
be enthusiastic to do sth. 热衷于做某事
(2)enthusiasm n.热情;热忱
have/keep enthusiasm for 有/保持……的热情
arouse sb.’s enthusiasm 激起某人的热情
lack/be full of enthusiasm 缺乏/充满热情
enthusiastically adv.热情地;热心地
with enthusiasm =enthusiastically 热情地
2.assign vt.分派;布置;分配;确定;转让
【语境速测】
①The assessment for the course involves written ___________(assign)
and practical tests.
②(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)For example,one participant’s experience of “We sat
and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” ____________ (assign)
the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves”.
③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I will assign group work to be completed in class or short
___________(assign) to be completed at home,both of which will be graded.
assignments
was assigned
assignments
④(2022·浙江高考)I ____________(assign) to serve the salad with the lady
next to me.
⑤(2022·浙江1月高考)Above all, I hoped he wouldn’t assign me ________
(work)with the fiercely competitive and extremely serious fellow who always
wore dark clothes and apparently had a personality to match.
⑥________________________________________ and has a strong ability
to solve problems.
他认真对待交给他的每一项任务,并且他有很强的解决问题的能力。
was assigned
to work
He is serious about every task assigned to him
(1)assign sb. sth.=assign sth. to sb.
　　　　　　　　 安排/分配某事(物)给某人
assign sb.to... 指派某人承担……;把某人分派到……
assign sb.to do sth. 指派某人做某事
(2)assignment n.任务;作业;分配
3.sink (sank/sunk, sunk, sinking)vi. 沉没;下沉;下降 vt.使下沉;使沉没
【语境速测】
①(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my
teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the _______(sink) of the
Titanic by acting out a play,where I played all the parts.
②(2023·浙江1月高考)The sun was beginning _______(sink) as I set off into
the Harenna Forest.
sinking
to sink
③When the man heard the ship _________ into the ocean, his heart _____.
(sink)
④Grief/Sadness/Sorrow came in waves.____________________, crying
his eyes out.
悲伤如潮水一般涌来。他倒在椅子上,放声大哭。
had sunk
sank
He sank into the chair
sink into　　　　 陷入(某种情绪/状态);陷进(物体表面)
sink down (物)下沉、缓缓降下;(人)瘫坐、颓然坐下;情绪低落
one’s heart/spirits sink　心情沉重/情绪低落
a sinking feeling/ship 颓丧感/沉船
4.abandon vt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃;中止;陷入 n.放任;放纵
【语境速测】
①(2022·全国乙卷)The one in the new environment should be sympathetic
to the fact that your friend may feel ___________(abandon).
②(2020·江苏高考)LoveFone, a company that advocates repairing cellphones
rather than ___________(abandon) them, opened a mini workshop in a London
phone box in 2016.
abandoned
abandoning
③His last sentence went like a bullet to her heart.
_______________________________________________.
他最后一句话深深地伤了她的心。她大哭起来,陷入绝望。
④Faced with these angry questions,he tried to speak,but for once,
______________________.
面对这些愤怒的质问,他想说点什么,却一时语塞。
She burst into tears and abandoned herself to despair
his voice abandoned him
(1)abandon (doing) sth.　　 放弃(做)某事
abandon oneself to (doing) sth.
　　　　　 沉湎于(做)某事;纵情于(做)某事
(2)abandoned 　　 adj.被遗弃的;无约束的;无度的;放纵的
be abandoned to (doing) sth. 沉湎于(做)某事
(3)with abandon 纵情;放任地
5.resolve vi.& vt.决定;决心 vt.解决(问题或困难) n.决心;坚定的信念
【语境速测】
①(2024·北京高考)Conflict was often ________(resolve) in musical battles.
②I resolved _______(turn) down his invitation because my teacher assigned
too much homework.
③_________________,we should learn to communicate more and put
ourselves in others’ shoes.
为了解决冲突,我们应该学会多沟通,并换位思考。
resolved
to turn
To resolve conflicts
(1)resolve to do sth.　　　 决定做某事
(2)resolution n.决定;解决;决心
make a resolution to do... 下定决心做……
【核心短语】
6.turn sb.down拒绝(某人)
【语境速测】
①(2024·浙江1月高考)The last one standing has just been turned ____
a“mini community library”: any passer-by can “borrow” a book from its
shelves, and return it later, or replace it with another title from their own
collection.
②(2024·浙江1月高考)After that, she tried to see if she could complete
her first lap.One lap turned ____ two, then three, then four.
into
into
③(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Audio(音频) and video can feel more engaging than
text, and so university teachers increasingly turn ___ these technologies—say,
assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.
④Because he didn’t make full preparations for the interview, he was refused.
→_____________________________________________,
he ________________.(非谓语动词作原因状语;turn 短语)
Not having made full preparations for the interview
was turned down
to
turn in　　　　 上交
turn down 调小;拒绝
turn up 出现;把音量调大
turn to sb.(for help) 求助于某人
turn off 关闭;关掉
turn on 打开;开启
turn into 变成
turn out 结果是;最终成为
7.give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体)
【语境速测】
①I tried to persuade him that just being afraid of being laughed at was
no reason to give ___.
②(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Consider giving _____ to the communities you’re visiting.
③People were afraid to give ____ their credit card numbers.
④That weekend, we went to a nearby nursing home and _______________
____________ there.
那个周末,我们去了附近的一个养老院并把它们捐赠给那里的人们。
up
back
out
gave them away
to the people
give in　　　 屈服; 投降; 让步; 上交
give away 赠送; 泄露; 错失(机会)
give back 归还
give out 分发; 用完; 耗尽; 发出(光、热、声音)
give up 放弃
give way to 让位于
【经典句型】
8.If it weren’t for sea animals,we would all starve.(P44)
如果没有海洋动物,我们都会挨饿。
【语境速测】
①What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _______________(have)
a good time together.
②(2023·全国乙卷)Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my
best shots though they _______________(be) so much better if I would have
been prepared and managed my time wisely.
would have had
could have been
③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)If food waste _____(be) a country,it would be the
third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.
④___________________________,I wouldn’t have won the first prize
in the English Writing Competition.
要不是你的帮助,我就不会在英语写作比赛中获得一等奖。
⑤If it weren’t for Dad,I ___________________________.
要不是爸爸,我哪会有今天的成就。
were
If it hadn’t been for your help
wouldn’t be where I am today
虚拟语气在if虚拟条件句中的运用如下:
假设 虚拟条件句中的谓语动词 主句中的谓语动词
与现在事实相反的假设 动词的过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反的假设 had+过去分词 would/could/should/might+have+过去分词
与将来事实相反的假设 (1)动词的过去式 (2)were to+动词原形 (3)should+动词原形 would/could/should/might+动词原形
Step 3　跟踪评估·夯基提能
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·北京高考)Typically, _______(cruel) and cheating are discouraged,
while cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised.
2.(2024·北京高考)Our social instincts (本能)include the intense desire
_________(belong).
3.The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the _________
(guide)of a trainer for four or more days a week.
cruelty
to belong
guidance
4.Before I competed,I had mixed program of strength and ___________
(endure) training.
5.You didn’t seem to be terribly ___________(enthusiasm) about the
performance.
6.After entering the key university, David __________ himself to studying
day and night.His ____________ won him a great reputation and became
famous on campus.(commit)
endurance
enthusiastic
committed
commitment
Ⅱ.完成句子
【短语填空】
1.大卫满怀希望地申请了四所大学,但是都被拒绝了。
David hopefully applied to four universities, but all of them
________________.
2.在他的指导下,研究小组最终设法提前解决了问题。
__________________, the research group finally managed to solve
the problem ahead of schedule.
3.我开会迟到了30分钟是因为堵车了。
I was thirty minutes late for the meeting because I _________________.
turned him down
Under his guidance
was stuck in traffic
【句式仿写】
4.This issue was of such importance that we could not afford to ignore it.
仿写:昨天天气很好,我和朋友们去游泳了。
________________________________________________________________
5.If I were you, I would spare no effort to achieve my dream.
仿写:假如没有植物,也就不会有动物,人也就没有肉吃了。
_______________________________________________________
It was such fine weather yesterday that I went swimming with my friends.
If there were no plants,we would have no animals and no meat.
Ⅲ.语篇填空
(黑体词是本单元核心词汇)
As a young man of both passion and endurance,Perce Blackborow had
long been 1._________ (dream) of decent adventure.So he didn’t give up
when Sir Ernest Shackleton turned down his request to join the expedition.
Perce 2.________ (secret) hid himself in a cupboard,only 3.___________ (find)
three days after they set off.He felt fortunate and happy when he was assigned
as a steward instead of being sent back home.
dreaming
secretly
to be found
It turned out to be a tough journey.The ship got 4.______ (stick) in the ice as
they approached Antarctica and they had to abandon the ship.5._______ the
guidance of Sir Ernest,they 6.______ (throw) away nearly everything except
necessities and a banjo,7.______ kept their spirits up during the journey.
Survival was not easy and things went from bad to worse.Finally Sir Ernest
left for South Georgia Island in order to find help.The desperate situation
made young Perce Blackborow feel down and become bad-tempered.
It was the genuine
stuck
Under
threw
which
8.______________ (encourage) and concern from Bless Frank Wild that
cheered him up.Frank and Ernest’s resolve and perseverance filled him with
hope.Realizing that he shouldn’t become selfish just because of 9.____ adversity
they were faced with,he learned to be optimistic and 10.___________ (determine).
encouragement
the
determined
Ⅳ.单元话题写作|人与自我
“Mom, I want that... and that... and that,” insisted a girl who looked about Judy’s age. The girl kept pointing at items on the shelves, and magically, the items appeared in her shopping cart. She noticed that whatever the teenage girl pointed at, her mother immediately put it in their cart. Judy and the mother-daughter pair had coincidentally walked down to the cashier together, and by the time their cart had gone from empty to full. Judy glanced at their cart, which was filled with chips and snacks. She looked at her own cart, where there was next to nothing.
Judy, a high school senior, was tasked to do the weekly shopping and had to stretch a dollar as much as possible. However, once home, Judy’s mother complained about her, “Why not get the cheapest items Don’t buy unnecessary things. We aren’t wealthy.” Judy was not a spendthrift(挥霍无度的人), but her mother always urged her not to spend too much. Instead of feeling annoyed, Judy quietly resolved never to find herself in such a situation again.
The following week at school, a guest speaker delivered a speech about determination. The speaker made the students think and challenged them to take control of their lives. Judy felt very inspired. She remembered one particular line, “Determination leads to success.” She realized she could not change her family’s poor circumstances at the moment, but she could change her own future. This determined mindset made her put forth her best effort in her studies.
Judy’s biggest challenge was her mother. Her mother was not taking proper care of her because she was very thin and quite often ill. In addition to her usual chores of cooking, Judy had to help her mother get in and out of bed. However, Judy remained determined to do well. With the goal in mind, Judy burned the midnight oil, shouldering her responsibilities and taking care of her mother.
　　注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
With the strain of her lessons,Judy felt more and more stressed.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
One day, Judy received a call from the principal, asking her to give a speech. _______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
步骤一　快读文本 获取信息
文本导语:文章讲述了Judy在家庭经济困难和照顾生病母亲的压力下,依然坚持学习,克服困难最终取得成功的故事。
续写线索:文章围绕Judy的挑战、努力和成长展开,展现了她在压力下的坚持和突破,主题为“决心与成功”。Judy在学业和家庭责任之间的压力越来越大;Judy被邀请在学校发表演讲,展现了她如何克服困难并取得成功。
步骤二　细读续写段首句 合理推测
1.针对续写第一段提示语设问并推测:
设问:Why did Judy feel more and more stressed with the strain of her lessons
推测:Judy感到学业压力越来越大,可能是因为她不仅要应对繁重的学习任务,还要照顾生病的母亲,导致她身心俱疲。
段落1:通过描写Judy在学业和家庭责任之间的压力,展现她的努力和坚持,同时也为后续的情节发展埋下伏笔。
2.针对续写第二段提示语设问并推测:
设问:Why did the principal ask Judy to give a speech
推测:校长可能注意到了Judy在学业和家庭责任之间的努力和坚持,认为她的经历能够激励其他学生,因此邀请她分享自己的故事。
段落2:通过描写Judy被邀请演讲的经历,展现她如何克服困难,最终取得成功。这个情节不仅会丰富故事内容,还会进一步升华主题。
步骤三　恰当用词 打造美句
1.Judy意识到这是一个证明自己努力和成功的机会。
Judy realized this was an opportunity to ____________________________.
2.她谈到了决心的重要性。
She talked about _____________________________.
3.演讲这天到了,观众被打动。
The day of the speech arrived, and the audience __________.
4.Judy离开舞台时感到前所未有的成就感。
Judy left the stage with ________________________ she had never felt before.
prove her struggles and success
the importance of determination
was moved
a sense of accomplishment
步骤四　衔接过渡 组句成篇
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
With the strain of her lessons, Judy felt more and more stressed.The weight of her responsibilities seemed to multiply each day, and the pressure to excel academically while caring for her mother was overwhelming.Nights turned into early mornings as she was immersed in assignments, her eyes red for lack of sleep.The strain showed on her face, her once dynamic smile now rare and forced.Yet, through it all, Judy’s determination never wavered.She kept reminding herself of the guest speaker’s words and used them as a beacon to guide her through the darkest hours.
One day, Judy received a call from the principal, asking her to give a speech.Surprised and initially hesitant, she wasn’t sure if she had the energy or the words to inspire others, given her current circumstances.But then she realized this was an opportunity to prove her struggles and success.With a renewed sense of purpose, Judy prepared her speech, pouring her heart and soul into every word.She talked about the importance of determination, how it had carried her through tough times, and how it could inspire others to face their own challenges.The day of the speech arrived, and the audience was moved.Judy left the stage with a sense of accomplishment she had never felt before.

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