资源简介

(共52张PPT)
Unit 3　Environmental Protection
Step 1　题源研读·入境体验
Step 3　跟踪评估·夯基提能
Step 2　核心考点·探究突破
Step 1　题源研读·入境体验
Hawaii wildfires caused great loss to local ecosystem
夏威夷大火重创当地生态
　 As Hawaii continues its effort to contain Hawaii wildfires across the Big Island and Maui, and a climbing death number leaves residents shocked, scientists across the United States have begun to take stock of the plants and animals that have been lost to the flames.Though Hawaii makes up less than 1% of U.S.land, it contains 44% of the country’s endangered and threatened plant life.While some native plants can gradually recover from wildfires of this scale, others will likely be burnt beyond regrowth, experts said.
“There are immeasurable amounts of ecological damage, even in rainfall, after a fire,” said Venkataraman Lakshmi, a professor of engineering at the University of Virginia.“Hydrological extremes—floods, droughts, landslides, and wildfires—are becoming more frequent, as well as of higher magnitude.”
“Many native species in Hawaii are not fire-resistant,” said botanist and environmental researcher Katie Kamelamela.“That will have a big impact.” Hawaii’s volcanic islands, variety of biomes(生物群落) and isolation from the continental U.S.have produced species unlike those seen elsewhere, Kamelamela said.Some flowers have long been endangered, and can only be found on the archipelago(群岛).
　　In parts of Hawaii that are becoming increasingly dry, wildfires have always been a threat.Kamelamela says she has seen their impact before.As a botanist, she’s worked at reforestation sites making the slow uphill climb of restoring the islands’ native plant life.All of it can be wiped out with a single spark, she said. “I’ve worked on a fire site in Oahu, which is the island I grew up on,” she said.“It was a project to reforest with native species.We got like 15 years into it, and it burned.”Some native plants can gradually recover from wildfires.Others, she said, become “total matchsticks, unrecoverable”.
A destructive combination of factors—including winds from Hurricane Dora, an unusually dry climate and flammable invasive plant species—aligned to make this wildfire uniquely widespread and dangerous, Lakshmi said.Nonnative shrubs and grass were introduced to Hawaii from other parts of the world over time to help resist droughts, given their ability to survive extreme heat and dryness.This strategy, experts say, has backfired.
—https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/
(同源高考:2023年新高考Ⅰ卷C篇阅读选自本网站)
【名师原创】
1.Which factor made the least difference to the widespread wildfire ( )
A.Winds from Hurricane Dora.
B.An unusually dry climate.
C.Flammable invasive plant species.
D.A rainfall across the area.
2.Which is closest in meaning to “backfired” in the last paragraph ( )
A.Contributed to.　 B.Affected oppositely.
C.Decreased sharply. D.Benefited a lot.
√
√
【长难句分析】
As Hawaii continues its effort to contain Hawaii wildfires across the Big Island
and Maui, and a climbing death number leaves residents shocked, scientists
across the United States have begun to take stock of the plants and animals that
have been lost to the flames.
As引导_____________,主句主语是_________,谓语是___________,
that 引导的是_________,修饰先行词____________________。
时间状语从句
scientists
have begun
定语从句
the plants and animals
Step 2　核心考点·探究突破
【重点单词】
1.starve vi.&vt.(使)挨饿;饿死
【语境速测】
①(2025·潍坊模拟)The student coming from the country was starving ____
the friendship from those who come from the city.
②(2025·南通中学模拟)What shocks the scientists is that many seals have
died of __________(starve) because of global warming,so we must protect the
environment in case more seals might starve ___ death.
③I _____________________________,because mastering English means
we can see the world through a new window.
我渴望学好英语,因为掌握英语意味着我们可以通过一个新窗口看世界。
for
starvation
to
am starving to study English well
(1)starve to death　　 饿死
starve sb.into doing sth.
断绝食物(或资金)来源以迫使某人做某事
(2)starving adj.挨饿的;即将饿死的
be starving for sth. 渴望某物
be starving to do sth. 渴望做某事
(3)starvation n.饥饿;挨饿
die of starvation 饿死
2.sustain vt. 维持; 遭受; 承受住
【语境速测】
①(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)BMF employees live out _____________(sustain) in their
everyday lives.
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Cycling is the most economical, ___________(sustain)
and fun way to explore the city,with its beautiful canals,parks,squares and
countless lights.
sustainability
sustainable
③(2022·全国乙卷)Here are five ways _________(sustain)long-distance
friendships.
④He regretted that _________________________________________
field survival skills.
他没能将学习野外生存技能的热情一直保持下去,现在有点后悔了。
to sustain
he couldn’t sustain his enthusiasm for learning
(1)sustain economic growth　 维持经济增长
sustain a defeat/an injury/a loss 遭受失败/伤害/损失
(2)sustainable adj.可持续的;不破坏环境的
sustainability n.持续性
3.restrict vt.限制;限定;束缚
【语境速测】
①(2020·江苏高考改编)Jan. 23,2020:Wuhan declared temporary outbound
(向外的) traffic ___________(restrict).
②I restrict myself ___ one cup of coffee a day.
③Clearly, dropping this __________(restrict) would allow the other species
to recover.
④Only by constantly breaking through ourselves and _______________________
can we continue to grow.
只有不断突破自我,挑战极限,我们才能不断成长。
restrictions
to
restriction
challenging the restrictions
(1)restrict...to... 把……限制在……范围内
restrict the amount of... 限制……的数量
restrict sb.to (doing) sth. 限制/约束某人(做)某事
be restricted to... 只限于……
(2)restriction n.限制;约束;制约因素
restrictive adj.限制性的;约束的
4.seize vt.抓住;夺取;控制
【语境速测】
①(2024·全国甲卷)The only opportunity she could seize ________(study)
was when her brother was having Chinese lessons with the family tutor.
②The men ___________(seize) as they left the building.
③_______(seize) the robber by the collar,the policemen dragged him out
of his vehicle.
④The rumours were eagerly seized _____ by the local press.
⑤_______________________ the moment I saw my father’s cloudy face.
一看到父亲脸上阴云密布,我就感到惶恐不安。
to study
were seized
Seizing
upon
I was seized by/with panic
seize sb. by the...　 抓住某人的……
seize sth. from sb. 从某人手中夺取某物
seize on/upon... 抓住/利用……;突然对……大为关注
表示情感的名词+seize sb./be seized with/by
被(情感)控制;禁不住(某种情感)……;感到……
seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会
5.submit vt. 提交; 呈递 vt.&vi.屈服
【语境速测】
①(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)“We wanted to do something where we do a call to
artists in the Bay Area _________(submit) stories for a contest,” Trost says.
②(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them
_________ (submit) a written summary online of a meaningful interaction
they had with nature in the park.
to submit
to submit
③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)An essay not __________(submit) in class on the due
date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late.
④(2021·天津高考)Submit your application ___ www.lancasterdesign.org or
call 740-6119735.
⑤Those who are interested in the summer camp _______________
_______________________________ by 15 May.
对这次夏令营感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前提交申请和相关资料。
submitted
to
must submit the
applications and relevant materials
(1)submit an application　 呈递申请
submit to=give in 屈服;顺从;服从
submit sth. to sb. 把某物呈交或提交给某人
submit (oneself) to sb./sth. 屈服于……;不得已接受……
(2)submission n.递交;提交的文件;屈服
6.tolerate vt. 忍受; 包容; 容许
【语境速测】
①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)No editor is likely __________(tolerate) a writer who
does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
②When people want to get along well with each other, they have to show
their _________(tolerate).
to tolerate
tolerance
③(2023·浙江1月高考改编)The author’s father was ________ (tolerate)
of buying groceries with jars.
④Friends have to learn __________________________________
___________________________.
朋友之间应该学会忍耐对方让人讨厌的习惯,并容忍意见出现分歧。
tolerant
to put up with annoying habits and to
tolerate differences of opinions
(1)tolerate (sb.) doing sth.
　　　　　　　　 容忍/忍受(某人)做某事
(2)tolerant adj.宽容的;容忍的
be tolerant of... 容忍……;忍耐……
(3)tolerance n.宽容;容忍;忍受
tolerance for sth. 对某事的容忍;对某事的承受能力
tolerance to sth. 对某事的忍耐力
【核心短语】
7.take action 采取行动
【语境速测】
①(朗文词典)We need to put these ideas ____ action in an integrated,
large-scale way.
②I knew it’s difficult for the couple to solve the problem,
so I _______________________________.
我知道这对夫妇很难解决这个问题,所以我决定立即采取行动。
③It’s high time that we ______________________________ to prevent
plastic pollution.
我们是时候采取措施阻止塑料污染了。
into
decided to take action immediately
should take action/measures/steps
in action　　　　 在行动中;在运转中
out of action 失去作用;停止运转
put...in action 使……行动起来/使……开始工作/使……起作用
8.on behalf of sb.代表(代替)某人
【语境速测】
①Mr Knight cannot be here, so his wife will accept the prize ___ his behalf.
②He spoke on behalf ___ all the members of the faculty and staff.
③We collected money ___________ the homeless.
④他代表学校参加重要的会议。
→He,___________ our school,went to attend the important meeting.(behalf)
→He,____________ our school,went to attend the important meeting.(represent)
on
of
in behalf of
on behalf of
representing
on behalf of sb.=on sb.’s behalf 代表(代替)某人
in behalf of sb.=in sb.’s behalf 为帮助某人
represent sb. 代表某人
stand for 代表;支持
【点津】
on behalf of sb.为介词短语,只能用作状语,表示“代表(代替)某人”;
represent为动词,代表的是人、团体、政府等;
stand for往往表示“(字母、数字、符号等)代表什么”,不用于进行时态和被动语态。
【经典句型】
9.There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.(P26)
毫无疑问地球正在变得越来越暖。
【语境速测】
①There is no doubt _____ your professional knowledge of English will
benefit the students greatly.
②(2021·浙江高考)I doubted __________ my parents would agree that
I had the right to manage my earnings.
that
whether/if
③(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur
is green, but he has no doubt ______ it.
④____________________ this activity not only raised our awareness of
safety but also equipped us with practical skills of survival.
毫无疑问,这项活动提高了我们的安全意识,还使我们掌握了实用的
生存技能。
about
There is no doubt that
(1)there is no doubt...“毫无疑问”, 后接that引导的同位语从句或“about+名词”结构。
(2)there is some doubt意为“值得怀疑, 不太确定”, 后接whether引导的同位语从句或“about+名词”结构。
(3)doubt作动词时, 其用法如下:
①在否定句和疑问句中, doubt后面接that引导的宾语从句。
I don’t/never doubt that ...我确信……
②在肯定句中, doubt后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。
I doubt whether/if ...我怀疑是否……
10.Without this process, Earth could not sustain life.
没有这个过程,地球就无法维持生命。
【语境速测】
①(2024·北京高考)Finally, I conducted an elegant experiment that
___________________(not be) possible without the help of the members
in the lab.
②Without the teacher’s timely help, we _____________________________
in the speaking contest.
没有老师的及时帮助,我们不可能在口语比赛中获得一等奖。
③The father patiently guided the twins.__________________________
__________________________________.
父亲耐心地指导了这对双胞胎。否则,他们就不会做出如此美味的早餐了。
would not have been
couldn’t have won the first prize
Otherwise/Or they wouldn’t
have cooked such a delicious breakfast
(1)“without/but for+名词”可代替if引导的虚拟条件从句,主句用虚拟语气,表示所说内容与事实相反。
(2)除了without、but for 之外,otherwise、but 等也常用来表示虚拟条件。
Step 3　跟踪评估·夯基提能
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach,
and nowhere _____(fuel) my appetite quite like Italy.
2.(2024·全国甲卷)Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique _______(annually) celebration of the Harvard community’s artistic creativity.
3.Over the last seven years,most states have banned texting by drivers,and
public service __________(campaign) have tried a wide range of methods to
persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
4.There are mobile phone ___________(restrict) on campus for students in
our school.
fuels
annual
campaigns
restrictions
5.Many of these genes produce proteins(蛋白质) that can improve blood
sugar __________(regulate).
6.As is known to us all, we are living happily in a ___________ society.In
a friendly environment, we can live in _________ with each other.(harmony)
7.As a consequence of heavy smoking, the __________ of his asthma(哮喘)
attacks is increasing.Owing to the cold weather, he coughs __________.(frequent)
8.The water ____________ is of great importance to our human beings.So in
order to improve our food safety, we must pay much attention to ___________
our drinking water.(conserve)
regulation
harmonious
harmony
frequency
frequently
conservation
conserving
Ⅱ.完成句子
【短语填空】
1.我们是时候采取行动增强人们的环保意识了。
It is high time that we ___________ to raise people’s awareness of protecting
the environment.
2.没有你的指导,我不可能在科学研究领域取得如此大的进步。
Without your guidance, I couldn’t ___________________________ in the
scientific field.
took action
have made such great progress
【句式仿写】
3.Without the support from my parents and teachers, I couldn’t have
made such rapid progress.
仿写:没有他们的帮助,我们不可能按时完成工作。
________________________________________________________
4.They all stood there staring, as if frozen to the spot.
仿写:这个女孩在那里度过了艰难的时光,忍受着恶劣的工作条件。
_____________________________________________________________
We wouldn’t have finished our work on time without their help.
The girl had a hard time there, tolerating the bad working conditions.
5.There was no doubt in his mind that the man was serious.
仿写:很多人会支持这项新政策,这是毫无疑问的。
________________________________________________________________
6.He has made tens of films, most of which are world-famous.
仿写:门口有一些人,他们大多数都已经提交了申请。
_________________________________________________________
_________________
7.It is impolite to stand with your hands in your pockets.
仿写:那个小偷站在那里,双手被那位年轻的警察抓着。
___________________________________________________________
There is no doubt that dozens of people will be in favor of the new policy.
There are some people at the gate, most of whom have submitted
their applications.
The thief stood there,with his hands seized by the young policeman.
Ⅲ.语篇填空
(黑体词是本单元核心词汇)
The beautiful Li River and 1.___(it) amazing surrounding scenery is one of
the most well-known tourist 2.___________(destination) in China’s Guangxi
Zhuang Autonomous Region.It attracts millions of domestic and foreign
3._______(visit) each year.However, its reputation as a top destination has had
negative effects 4.___ the river’s water quality.This report looks at the problem
of water pollution and some actions that have been taken to deal with it.
its
destinations
visitors
on
5.__________(previous), water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly
from 6.___ increasing volume of tourists, many of whom frequently threw
garbage into the river.Many tour boats contributed to the problem too.Kitchens
on board were using lots of oil, 7.______ was often thrown into the water.The
growth in tourism also 8.______(mean) the local population rose rapidly, as well
as the number of commercial and industrial enterprises.
Previously
an
which
meant
Water pollution levels increased, with more household and commercial waste
9._______(end) up in the river.In order to feed more people, more chemicals
were used to increase crop production.These chemicals led to severe water
quality issues,causing a decrease in the number of fish species.Local officials
were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and
10.____(feel) that urgent steps should be taken to restore the river’s original
beauty.
ending
felt
Ⅳ.单元话题写作|环境
(2023·浙江1月高考)
上周末你参加了校学生会组织的“认识我们身边的植物”活动。请为校英文报写篇报道,内容包括:
1.活动的过程;
2.收获与感想。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
【连词成句】
1.上周末我们学校学生会开展了一个有意义的活动:认识我们身边的植物。
Last weekend the Students’ Union in our school _______________________:
Getting to Know the Plants Around Us.
2.一开始,一位专家发表了演讲,向我们介绍了许多植物。这个演讲让我们
意识到了大自然的美。
In the beginning,an expert delivered a speech and introduced numerous plants
to us, ____________________________________.
held a meaningful activity
making us aware of the beauty of nature
3.这个活动是难忘的和有益的。
The activity is __________________________.
4.通过这次活动,我们认识到只有学会保护身边的植物,我们才能与自然
和谐相处。
Through the activity, we realize that only when we learn to protect plants
around us ________________________________.
unforgettable and rewarding
can we exist in harmony with nature
【连句成篇】
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
　　Last weekend the Students’ Union in our school held a meaningful activity: Getting to Know the Plants Around Us, organized by the Students’ Union in our school.
In the beginning, an expert delivered a speech and introduced numerous plants to us, making us aware of the beauty of nature.Later, while wandering around the campus, we observed the plants carefully and took some photos.The highlight of the activity was an exhibition of various plant samples in the school gallery, which brought every visitor to the magic world of plants.
As far as I am concerned, the activity is unforgettable and rewarding.Through the activity, we realize that only when we learn to protect plants around us can we exist in harmony with nature.Unit 3　Environmental Protection
Step 1　题源研读·入境体验
Hawaii wildfires caused great loss to local ecosystem
夏威夷大火重创当地生态
　　As Hawaii continues its effort to contain Hawaii wildfires across the Big Island and Maui, and a climbing death number leaves residents shocked, scientists across the United States have begun to take stock of the plants and animals that have been lost to the flames.Though Hawaii makes up less than 1% of U.S.land, it contains 44% of the country’s endangered and threatened plant life.While some native plants can gradually recover from wildfires of this scale, others will likely be burnt beyond regrowth, experts said. “There are immeasurable amounts of ecological damage, even in rainfall, after a fire,” said Venkataraman Lakshmi, a professor of engineering at the University of Virginia.“Hydrological extremes—floods, droughts, landslides, and wildfires—are becoming more frequent, as well as of higher magnitude.” “Many native species in Hawaii are not fire-resistant,” said botanist and environmental researcher Katie Kamelamela.“That will have a big impact.” Hawaii’s volcanic islands, variety of biomes(生物群落) and isolation from the continental U.S.have produced species unlike those seen elsewhere, Kamelamela said.Some flowers have long been endangered, and can only be found on the archipelago(群岛). 　　In parts of Hawaii that are becoming increasingly dry, wildfires have always been a threat.Kamelamela says she has seen their impact before.As a botanist, she’s worked at reforestation sites making the slow uphill climb of restoring the islands’ native plant life.All of it can be wiped out with a single spark, she said. “I’ve worked on a fire site in Oahu, which is the island I grew up on,” she said.“It was a project to reforest with native species.We got like 15 years into it, and it burned.”Some native plants can gradually recover from wildfires.Others, she said, become “total matchsticks, unrecoverable”. A destructive combination of factors—including winds from Hurricane Dora, an unusually dry climate and flammable invasive plant species—aligned to make this wildfire uniquely widespread and dangerous, Lakshmi said.Nonnative shrubs and grass were introduced to Hawaii from other parts of the world over time to help resist droughts, given their ability to survive extreme heat and dryness.This strategy, experts say, has backfired. —https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/ (同源高考:2023年新高考Ⅰ卷C篇阅读选自本网站)
【名师原创】 1.Which factor made the least difference to the widespread wildfire (D) A.Winds from Hurricane Dora. B.An unusually dry climate. C.Flammable invasive plant species. D.A rainfall across the area. 2.Which is closest in meaning to “backfired” in the last paragraph (B) A.Contributed to.　 B.Affected oppositely. C.Decreased sharply. D.Benefited a lot. 【长难句分析】 As Hawaii continues its effort to contain Hawaii wildfires across the Big Island and Maui, and a climbing death number leaves residents shocked, scientists across the United States have begun to take stock of the plants and animals that have been lost to the flames. As引导时间状语从句,主句主语是scientists,谓语是have begun,that 引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词the plants and animals。
Step 2　核心考点·探究突破
【重点单词】
1.starve vi.&vt.(使)挨饿;饿死
【语境速测】
①(2025·潍坊模拟)The student coming from the country was starving for the friendship from those who come from the city.
②(2025·南通中学模拟)What shocks the scientists is that many seals have died of starvation(starve) because of global warming,so we must protect the environment in case more seals might starve to death.
③I am starving to study English well,because mastering English means we can see the world through a new window.
我渴望学好英语,因为掌握英语意味着我们可以通过一个新窗口看世界。
(1)starve to death　　 饿死
starve sb.into doing sth.
断绝食物(或资金)来源以迫使某人做某事
(2)starving adj.挨饿的;即将饿死的
be starving for sth. 渴望某物
be starving to do sth. 渴望做某事
(3)starvation n.饥饿;挨饿
die of starvation 饿死
2.sustain vt. 维持; 遭受; 承受住
【语境速测】
①(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)BMF employees live out sustainability(sustain) in their everyday lives.
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Cycling is the most economical, sustainable(sustain) and fun way to explore the city,with its beautiful canals,parks,squares and countless lights.
③(2022·全国乙卷)Here are five ways to sustain(sustain)long-distance friendships.
④He regretted that he couldn’t sustain his enthusiasm for learning field survival skills.
他没能将学习野外生存技能的热情一直保持下去,现在有点后悔了。
(1)sustain economic growth　 维持经济增长
sustain a defeat/an injury/a loss 遭受失败/伤害/损失
(2)sustainable adj.可持续的;不破坏环境的
sustainability n.持续性
3.restrict vt.限制;限定;束缚
【语境速测】
①(2020·江苏高考改编)Jan. 23,2020:Wuhan declared temporary outbound(向外的) traffic restrictions(restrict).
②I restrict myself to one cup of coffee a day.
③Clearly, dropping this restriction(restrict) would allow the other species to recover.
④Only by constantly breaking through ourselves and challenging the restrictions can we continue to grow.
只有不断突破自我,挑战极限,我们才能不断成长。
(1)restrict...to... 把……限制在……范围内
restrict the amount of... 限制……的数量
restrict sb.to (doing) sth. 限制/约束某人(做)某事
be restricted to... 只限于……
(2)restriction n.限制;约束;制约因素
restrictive adj.限制性的;约束的
4.seize vt.抓住;夺取;控制
【语境速测】
①(2024·全国甲卷)The only opportunity she could seize to study(study) was when her brother was having Chinese lessons with the family tutor.
②The men were seized(seize) as they left the building.
③Seizing(seize) the robber by the collar,the policemen dragged him out of his vehicle.
④The rumours were eagerly seized upon by the local press.
⑤I was seized by/with panic the moment I saw my father’s cloudy face.
一看到父亲脸上阴云密布,我就感到惶恐不安。
seize sb. by the...　 抓住某人的……
seize sth. from sb. 从某人手中夺取某物
seize on/upon... 抓住/利用……;突然对……大为关注
表示情感的名词+seize sb./be seized with/by
被(情感)控制;禁不住(某种情感)……;感到……
seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会
5.submit vt. 提交; 呈递 vt.&vi.屈服
【语境速测】
①(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit(submit) stories for a contest,” Trost says.
②(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit (submit) a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park.
③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)An essay not submitted(submit) in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late.
④(2021·天津高考)Submit your application to www.lancasterdesign.org or call 740-6119735.
⑤Those who are interested in the summer camp must submit the applications and relevant materials by 15 May.
对这次夏令营感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前提交申请和相关资料。
(1)submit an application　呈递申请
submit to=give in 屈服;顺从;服从
submit sth. to sb. 把某物呈交或提交给某人
submit (oneself) to sb./sth. 屈服于……;不得已接受……
(2)submission n.递交;提交的文件;屈服
6.tolerate vt. 忍受; 包容; 容许
【语境速测】
①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)No editor is likely to tolerate(tolerate) a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
②When people want to get along well with each other, they have to show their tolerance(tolerate).
③(2023·浙江1月高考改编)The author’s father was tolerant (tolerate)of buying groceries with jars.
④Friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and to tolerate differences of opinions.
朋友之间应该学会忍耐对方让人讨厌的习惯,并容忍意见出现分歧。
(1)tolerate (sb.) doing sth.
　　　　　　　　 容忍/忍受(某人)做某事
(2)tolerant adj.宽容的;容忍的
be tolerant of... 容忍……;忍耐……
(3)tolerance n.宽容;容忍;忍受
tolerance for sth. 对某事的容忍;对某事的承受能力
tolerance to sth. 对某事的忍耐力
【核心短语】
7.take action 采取行动
【语境速测】
①(朗文词典)We need to put these ideas into action in an integrated, large-scale way.
②I knew it’s difficult for the couple to solve the problem, so I decided to take action immediately.
我知道这对夫妇很难解决这个问题,所以我决定立即采取行动。
③It’s high time that we should take action/measures/steps to prevent plastic pollution.
我们是时候采取措施阻止塑料污染了。
in action　　　　 在行动中;在运转中
out of action 失去作用;停止运转
put...in action 使……行动起来/使……开始工作/使……起作用
8.on behalf of sb.代表(代替)某人
【语境速测】
①Mr Knight cannot be here, so his wife will accept the prize on his behalf.
②He spoke on behalf of all the members of the faculty and staff.
③We collected money in behalf of the homeless.
④他代表学校参加重要的会议。
→He,on behalf of our school,went to attend the important meeting.(behalf)
→He,representing our school,went to attend the important meeting.(represent)
on behalf of sb.=on sb.’s behalf 代表(代替)某人
in behalf of sb.=in sb.’s behalf 为帮助某人
represent sb. 代表某人
stand for 代表;支持
【点津】
on behalf of sb.为介词短语,只能用作状语,表示“代表(代替)某人”;
represent为动词,代表的是人、团体、政府等;
stand for往往表示“(字母、数字、符号等)代表什么”,不用于进行时态和被动语态。
【经典句型】
9.There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.(P26)
毫无疑问地球正在变得越来越暖。
【语境速测】
①There is no doubt that your professional knowledge of English will benefit the students greatly.
②(2021·浙江高考)I doubted whether/if my parents would agree that I had the right to manage my earnings.
③(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it.
④There is no doubt that this activity not only raised our awareness of safety but also equipped us with practical skills of survival.
毫无疑问,这项活动提高了我们的安全意识,还使我们掌握了实用的生存技能。
(1)there is no doubt...“毫无疑问”, 后接that引导的同位语从句或“about+名词”结构。
(2)there is some doubt意为“值得怀疑, 不太确定”, 后接whether引导的同位语从句或“about+名词”结构。
(3)doubt作动词时, 其用法如下:
①在否定句和疑问句中, doubt后面接that引导的宾语从句。
I don’t/never doubt that ...我确信……
②在肯定句中, doubt后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。
I doubt whether/if ...我怀疑是否……
10.Without this process, Earth could not sustain life.没有这个过程,地球就无法维持生命。
【语境速测】
①(2024·北京高考)Finally, I conducted an elegant experiment that would not have been(not be) possible without the help of the members in the lab.
②Without the teacher’s timely help, we couldn’t have won the first prize in the speaking contest.没有老师的及时帮助,我们不可能在口语比赛中获得一等奖。
③The father patiently guided the twins.Otherwise/Or they wouldn’t have cooked such a delicious breakfast.
父亲耐心地指导了这对双胞胎。否则,他们就不会做出如此美味的早餐了。
(1)“without/but for+名词”可代替if引导的虚拟条件从句,主句用虚拟语气,表示所说内容与事实相反。
(2)除了without、but for 之外,otherwise、but 等也常用来表示虚拟条件。
Step 3　跟踪评估·夯基提能
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels(fuel) my appetite quite like Italy.
2.(2024·全国甲卷)Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual(annually) celebration of the Harvard community’s artistic creativity.
3.Over the last seven years,most states have banned texting by drivers,and public service campaigns(campaign) have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
4.There are mobile phone restrictions(restrict) on campus for students in our school.
5.Many of these genes produce proteins(蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation(regulate).
6.As is known to us all, we are living happily in a harmonious society.In a friendly environment, we can live in harmony with each other.(harmony)
7.As a consequence of heavy smoking, the frequency of his asthma(哮喘)attacks is increasing.Owing to the cold weather, he coughs frequently.(frequent)
8.The water conservation is of great importance to our human beings.So in order to improve our food safety, we must pay much attention to conserving our drinking water.(conserve)
Ⅱ.完成句子
【短语填空】
1.我们是时候采取行动增强人们的环保意识了。
It is high time that we took action to raise people’s awareness of protecting the environment.
2.没有你的指导,我不可能在科学研究领域取得如此大的进步。
Without your guidance, I couldn’t have made such great progress in the scientific field.
【句式仿写】
3.Without the support from my parents and teachers, I couldn’t have made such rapid progress.
仿写:没有他们的帮助,我们不可能按时完成工作。
We wouldn’t have finished our work on time without their help.
4.They all stood there staring, as if frozen to the spot.
仿写:这个女孩在那里度过了艰难的时光,忍受着恶劣的工作条件。
The girl had a hard time there, tolerating the bad working conditions.
5.There was no doubt in his mind that the man was serious.
仿写:很多人会支持这项新政策,这是毫无疑问的。
There is no doubt that dozens of people will be in favor of the new policy.
6.He has made tens of films, most of which are world-famous.
仿写:门口有一些人,他们大多数都已经提交了申请。
There are some people at the gate, most of whom have submitted their applications.
7.It is impolite to stand with your hands in your pockets.
仿写:那个小偷站在那里,双手被那位年轻的警察抓着。
The thief stood there,with his hands seized by the young policeman.
Ⅲ.语篇填空
(黑体词是本单元核心词汇)
The beautiful Li River and 1.its(it) amazing surrounding scenery is one of the most well-known tourist 2.destinations(destination) in China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.It attracts millions of domestic and foreign 3.visitors(visit) each year.However, its reputation as a top destination has had negative effects 4.on the river’s water quality.This report looks at the problem of water pollution and some actions that have been taken to deal with it.
5.Previously(previous), water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from 6.an increasing volume of tourists, many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river.Many tour boats contributed to the problem too.Kitchens on board were using lots of oil, 7.which was often thrown into the water.The growth in tourism also 8.meant(mean) the local population rose rapidly, as well as the number of commercial and industrial enterprises.Water pollution levels increased, with more household and commercial waste 9.ending(end) up in the river.In order to feed more people, more chemicals were used to increase crop production.These chemicals led to severe water quality issues,causing a decrease in the number of fish species.Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and 10.felt(feel) that urgent steps should be taken to restore the river’s original beauty.
Ⅳ.单元话题写作|环境
(2023·浙江1月高考)
上周末你参加了校学生会组织的“认识我们身边的植物”活动。请为校英文报写篇报道,内容包括:
1.活动的过程;
2.收获与感想。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
【连词成句】
1.上周末我们学校学生会开展了一个有意义的活动:认识我们身边的植物。
Last weekend the Students’ Union in our school held a meaningful activity:Getting to Know the Plants Around Us.
2.一开始,一位专家发表了演讲,向我们介绍了许多植物。这个演讲让我们意识到了大自然的美。
In the beginning,an expert delivered a speech and introduced numerous plants to us, making us aware of the beauty of nature.
3.这个活动是难忘的和有益的。
The activity is unforgettable and rewarding.
4.通过这次活动,我们认识到只有学会保护身边的植物,我们才能与自然和谐相处。
Through the activity, we realize that only when we learn to protect plants around us can we exist in harmony with nature.
【连句成篇】
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
　　Last weekend the Students’ Union in our school held a meaningful activity: Getting to Know the Plants Around Us, organized by the Students’ Union in our school.
In the beginning, an expert delivered a speech and introduced numerous plants to us, making us aware of the beauty of nature.Later, while wandering around the campus, we observed the plants carefully and took some photos.The highlight of the activity was an exhibition of various plant samples in the school gallery, which brought every visitor to the magic world of plants.
As far as I am concerned, the activity is unforgettable and rewarding.Through the activity, we realize that only when we learn to protect plants around us can we exist in harmony with nature.
- 15 -(共41张PPT)
课时跟踪训练
Unit 3　Environmental Protection
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分20分)
A
The male western tanager (唐纳雀) looks like a little flame, while females are less showy, a dusty yellow. In the spring, they prepare to move thousands of miles to the Mountain West of Central America, flying through grasslands, deserts, and occasionally, suburban yards.
To fuel them on their lengthy journey, western tanagers fill up on insects and berries. But as global climate change causes spring to start earlier, birds such as western tanagers are arriving at their destination after what’s known as “green-up”, when flowers begin blooming and insects emerge. According to a study published in early March in the journal PNAS, this kind of timing mismatch between migrants (迁移动物) and their food sources, which is happening across North America, could have serious consequences for migratory birds’ survival. “In discussing climate change, we often focus on warming,”
says Scott Loss, a co-author of the study. “But the length and timing of seasons—like when winter ends and spring begins—are some of the most dramatic effects of climate change.”
Loss and his colleagues used satellite imagery from 2002 to 2021 to calculate the average start of spring green-up along the typical migration routes of 150 North American bird species, then compared that timing with the current green-up. They found that spring is indeed beginning earlier along birds’ migration routes. “By contrary, previous studies have mainly focused on songbirds in Eastern North America,” says Morgan Tingley, an ornithologist at UCLA, “but this new investigation shows that bird species in the West and at different levels of the food web might be just as vulnerable (脆弱的).”
“Part of it is knowing which species are vulnerable to various threats,” Loss says. “This adds to the knowledge about vulnerability of a wide range of bird species.” And he hopes that the information will serve to highlight the urgent need to lower greenhouse-gas emissions as fast as possible. “It’s really important, if we can’t address climate change immediately, to try to stop habitat loss as much as we can.”
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 说明文
主题 语境 人与社会(人与环境、人与动植物)
语篇 内容 文章从唐纳雀入手,分析北美迁移鸟类面临的挑战及其原因,最后提出建议:希望尽快减少温室气体的排放,尽可能地阻止栖息地的丧失
语篇 结构 Para.1 The male western tanager’s character.
Para.2 Climate change may influence migratory birds’ survival.
Para.3 Bird species in the West and at different levels of the food web might be just as vulnerable.
Para.4 Try to stop habitat loss as much as we can.
【命题意图】
1.What may pose a direct threat to western tanagers’ survival 本题旨在检验考生能否从文中描述西部唐纳雀生存相关的内容中,准确提取关键信息并推理出对其生存构成直接威胁的因素
2.What is unique about the new study on birds like western tanagers 此题着重考查考生能否通过文中对新旧研究的对比描述,分析出关于西部唐纳雀等鸟类的新研究的独特之处
3.What does Loss suggest we do to safeguard migratory birds 本题聚焦于文中人物 Loss 针对保护候鸟所提出的建议这一细节内容,要求考生从文本中准确找出与之对应的表述
4.Where is the text most likely from 这道题主要针对文章的整体风格、内容性质以及所涉及的研究等方面,考查考生是否能综合这些因素推理出文章最有可能的出处
1.What may pose a direct threat to western tanagers’ survival
A.Global warming.
B.The duration of changing seasons.
C.Loss of habitats due to human activities.
D.Decreased access to foods during migration.
√
【解析】选D。推理判断题。由第二段中的“To fuel them on their lengthy journey, western tanagers fill up on insects and berries. But as global climate...could have serious consequences for migratory birds’ survival.”可知,随着全球气候变化导致春季提前开始,唐纳雀迁徙期间获得食物的机会减少。故选D。
2.What is unique about the new study on birds like western tanagers
A.It covers a wider geographic range.
B.It reveals the decline in bird populations.
C.It centers on the adaptation of bird species.
D.It ensures the existence of a timing mismatch.
√
【解析】选A。推理判断题。由第三段中的“‘By contrary, previous studies...food web might be just as vulnerable.’”可知,先前研究的是北美东部的鸣禽,这项关于像西部唐纳雀这样的鸟类的新研究的独特之处在于它覆盖了更广泛的地理范围,不仅关注北美东部地区的鸣禽,也包括西部及食物链不同层级上的鸟类。故选A。
3.What does Loss suggest we do to safeguard migratory birds
A.Lessen the effects of climate change.
B.Preserve ecosystems for bird species.
C.Address emissions and habitat loss.
D.Expand researches on threats to birds.
√
【解析】选C。细节理解题。由最后一段“And he hopes that the information will serve to highlight the urgent need to lower greenhouse-gas emissions as fast as possible. ‘It’s really important, if we can’t address climate change immediately, to try to stop habitat loss as much as we can.’”可知,作者期望能够尽快减少温室气体的排放,尽可能地阻止栖息地的丧失。故选C。
4.Where is the text most likely from
A.A scientific journal.
B.A bird-watching guidebook.
C.A website about climate change.
D.A magazine about wildlife conservation.
√
【解析】选A。文章出处题。通读全文,尤其是由第二段中的“To fuel them on their lengthy journey, western tanagers fill up on insects and berries... could have serious consequences for migratory birds’ survival.”可知,本文介绍的是Scott Loss关于鸟类迁移的一项科学研究,且引用了《美国科学院院报》的话,所以最可能出自科研杂志。故选A。
B
(2025·合肥模拟)
In a trailblazing new study, researchers have discovered bottled water sold in stores can contain 10 to 100 times more bits of plastic than previously estimated—nanoparticles (纳米塑料颗粒) are so tiny that they cannot be seen under a microscope.
At 1,000th the average width of a human hair, nanoplastics are so teeny that they can migrate through the tissues of the digestive tract or lungs into the bloodstream, distributing potentially harmful synthetic chemicals throughout the body and into cells, experts say.
One liter of water—the equivalent of two standard-size bottled waters—contained an average of 240,000 plastic particles from seven types of plastics, of which 90% were identified as nanoplastics and the rest were microplastics, according to the new study.
Microplastics are polymer fragments that can range from less than 0.2 inch (5 millimeters) down to 1/25,000th of an inch(1 micrometer).Anything smaller is a nanoplastic that must be measured in billionths of a meter.
In the new study, published Monday in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers from Columbia University presented a new technology that can see, count and analyze the chemical structure of nanoparticles in bottled water.
Instead of 300 per liter, the team behind the latest study found the actual number of plastic bits in three popular brands of water sold in the United States to be in between 110,000 and 370,000, if not higher.
The innovative new techniques presented in the study open the door for further research to better understand the potential risks to human health, said Jane Houlihan, research director for Healthy Babies, Bright Futures, an alliance of nonprofits committed to reducing babies’ exposures to neurotoxic (毒害神经的) chemicals, who was not involved in the study.
“Infants and young children may face the greatest risks, as their developing brains and bodies are often more vulnerable to impacts from toxic exposures,” said Houlihan in an email.
Nanoplastics are the most worrisome type of plastic pollution for human health, experts say.That’s because the particles can invade individual cells and tissues in major organs, potentially interrupting cellular processes and depositing endocrine-disrupting (扰乱内分泌的) chemicals such as bisphenols, phthalates, flame retardants, per- and polyfluorinated substances, or PFAS, and heavy metals.
There are things people can do to reduce their exposure to plastics, said Houlihan.“We can avoid consuming foods and beverages in plastic containers.We can wear clothing made from natural fabrics and buy consumer products made from natural materials,” Houlihan said.“We can simply take stock of the plastic in our daily lives and find alternatives whenever feasible.”
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了最新研究发现瓶装水中含有大量的纳米塑料颗粒,这些颗粒非常小,以至于肉眼无法看到,并且它们可能对人体健康造成潜在危害。
5.Where can nanoplastics be found in our body
A.The blood.　　　　 B.The lung.
C.The stomach. D.Almost everywhere.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知,纳米塑料非常小,可以通过消化道或肺部的组织进入血液,在身体各处和细胞中分布潜在有害的合成化学物质,几乎可以出现在身体的任何地方,故选D项。
√
6.What are the differences between nanoplastics and microplastics
A.Nanoplastics are harmful, while microplastics aren’t.
B.Nanoplastics exist in bottled waters, while microplastics don’t.
C.Nanoplastics can migrate through certain tissues, while microplastics can’t.
D.Nanoplastics are much shorter than microplastics.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知,纳米塑料比微塑料小得多。故选D项。
√
7.Why is Jane Houlihan’s statement mentioned
A.To add more background information for the new study.
B.To make preparations for the following contents.
C.To provide an objective evaluation for the significance of the new study.
D.To encourage readers to consistently and enthusiastically focus on the new study.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段可知,Jane Houlihan的声明提供了对新研究意义的客观评价,强调了婴儿和幼儿可能面临最大的风险。故选C项。
√
8.What is the structure of the passage
A.Finding→Explanation and analysis→Solutions.
B.Finding→Reasons and background→Solutions.
C.Finding→Discussion and background→Conclusion.
D.Finding→Discussion and reasons→Conclusion.
√
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知,文章首先提出了研究发现,即瓶装水中含有大量的纳米塑料;根据第四段以及倒数第二段可知,文章随后解释了这些纳米塑料的特点和潜在的危害,并分析了这些发现的重要性(Explanation and analysis);最后一段提出了解决方法,即减少塑料暴露的一些措施。因此,文章的结构是“发现→解释和分析→解决方案”。故选A项。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
七选五 9—13 √ 无塑料野餐 2026·广东模拟 人与自然 —
　　If you’re looking for something fun to do, pack a picnic dinner and take your family or friends to a beautiful place to eat.However, there’s a wrong trend—viewing picnics as an excuse to transport food in single-use plastic containers.Sure, it means the clean-up is easy at the moment, but it just puts it off to a later point, when it takes the form of the volunteer clean-up and landfill management.　9　 What follows is advice on how to pack such a picnic.
·Use food containers wisely
Using reusable containers is the easiest way to reduce waste.　10　 For example, to reduce packaging, you can take along things like a loaf of bread, a whole watermelon, whole vegetables, a knife and a board to cut your food when you’re ready to eat.These things don’t have to be done and sealed before you leave the house.
·　11　
Using washable dishes for a picnic does not require much more work than single-use ones.You’d have to carry the waste out anyway in a trash bag, so why not pack your dirty plates into a bag and put them in the dishwasher at home If you’re worried about breaking, take some solid camping plates.
·Think about the drinks
Forget the single-use, single-serve drink bottles.　12　 Fill personal water bottles with water, juice or lemonade at pared with a single-use plastic cup, they have the added advantage of keeping your drinks at the desired temperature for longer.
·Put cloth bags to good use
Cloth bags are amazing.I use them for so much more than just buying food at the store.They’re perfect for packing sandwiches, dried or fresh fruit, and other snack foods.You can use them to pack glasses or plates to prevent breaking.They can also work as a napkin, tea towel, or garbage bag if needed.　13　
A.Clean up the waste
B.Avoid plastic plates
C.Be sure to add a few to your picnic basket.
D.There are some healthy dishes you can make or buy.
E.To prevent this, a plastic-free picnic can be a brilliant idea.
F.These create a huge amount of waste, which can be easily avoided.
G.In addition, keep in mind that you don’t have to pre-pack everything.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了无塑料野餐,并给出了“无塑料”的具体建议。
9.【解析】选E。上文“Sure, it means the clean-up is easy at the moment, but it just puts it off to a later point, when it takes the form of the volunteer clean-up and landfill management.”讲述这些一次性塑料容器最终被志愿者清理或者进入垃圾填埋场,由下文“What follows is advice on how to pack such a picnic.”可知,下文提出了一些避免塑料垃圾的有效建议,E项“为了避免这种情况,无塑料野餐是一个不错的主意。”符合语境,承上启下。故选E。
10.【解析】选G。上文“Using reusable containers is the easiest way to reduce waste.”讲述用可重复使用的容器可以减少浪费,下文“For example, to reduce packaging, you can take along things like a loaf of bread...”讲述了减少包装的方法,G项中的“don’t have to pre-pack everything(不必提前打包)”与之呼应,因此推断G项“此外,请记住,你不必预先打包所有的东西。”符合语境,与上文是递进关系,故选G。
11.【解析】选B。由下文“Using washable dishes for a picnic does not require much more work than single-use ones.”可推断出本段主要讲的是塑料盘子并不比可洗的盘子方便,因此推断B项“避免使用塑料盘子”符合语境,且形式上符合段落小标题的结构。故选B。
12.【解析】选F。上文“Forget the single-use, single-serve drink bottles.”说明不要使用一次性饮料瓶,下文“Fill personal water bottles with water, juice or lemonade at pared with a single-use plastic cup, they have the added advantage of keeping your drinks at the desired temperature for longer.”建议使用水瓶装饮品,F项“这些会造成大量的浪费,而这种浪费是很容易避免的。”符合语境,承上启下,These指代上文提到的drink bottles。故选F。
13.【解析】选C。上文“They’re perfect for packing sandwiches, dried or fresh fruit, and other snack foods.You can use them to pack glasses or plates to prevent breaking.They can also work as a napkin, tea towel, or garbage bag if needed.”讲述了使用布袋的益处,因此推断携带几个布袋是必要的,C项“一定要在你的野餐篮子里加几个。”符合语境。故选C。课时跟踪训练 Unit 3　Environmental Protection
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分20分)
A
The male western tanager (唐纳雀) looks like a little flame, while females are less showy, a dusty yellow. In the spring, they prepare to move thousands of miles to the Mountain West of Central America, flying through grasslands, deserts, and occasionally, suburban yards.
To fuel them on their lengthy journey, western tanagers fill up on insects and berries. But as global climate change causes spring to start earlier, birds such as western tanagers are arriving at their destination after what’s known as “green-up”, when flowers begin blooming and insects emerge. According to a study published in early March in the journal PNAS, this kind of timing mismatch between migrants (迁移动物) and their food sources, which is happening across North America, could have serious consequences for migratory birds’ survival. “In discussing climate change, we often focus on warming,” says Scott Loss, a co-author of the study. “But the length and timing of seasons—like when winter ends and spring begins—are some of the most dramatic effects of climate change.”
Loss and his colleagues used satellite imagery from 2002 to 2021 to calculate the average start of spring green-up along the typical migration routes of 150 North American bird species, then compared that timing with the current green-up. They found that spring is indeed beginning earlier along birds’ migration routes. “By contrary, previous studies have mainly focused on songbirds in Eastern North America,” says Morgan Tingley, an ornithologist at UCLA, “but this new investigation shows that bird species in the West and at different levels of the food web might be just as vulnerable (脆弱的).”
“Part of it is knowing which species are vulnerable to various threats,” Loss says. “This adds to the knowledge about vulnerability of a wide range of bird species.” And he hopes that the information will serve to highlight the urgent need to lower greenhouse-gas emissions as fast as possible. “It’s really important, if we can’t address climate change immediately, to try to stop habitat loss as much as we can.”
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 说明文
主题 语境 人与社会(人与环境、人与动植物)
语篇 内容 文章从唐纳雀入手,分析北美迁移鸟类面临的挑战及其原因,最后提出建议:希望尽快减少温室气体的排放,尽可能地阻止栖息地的丧失
语篇 结构 Para.1 The male western tanager’s character.
Para.2 Climate change may influence migratory birds’ survival.
Para.3 Bird species in the West and at different levels of the food web might be just as vulnerable.
Para.4 Try to stop habitat loss as much as we can.
【命题意图】
1.What may pose a direct threat to western tanagers’ survival 本题旨在检验考生能否从文中描述西部唐纳雀生存相关的内容中,准确提取关键信息并推理出对其生存构成直接威胁的因素
2.What is unique about the new study on birds like western tanagers 此题着重考查考生能否通过文中对新旧研究的对比描述,分析出关于西部唐纳雀等鸟类的新研究的独特之处
3.What does Loss suggest we do to safeguard migratory birds 本题聚焦于文中人物 Loss 针对保护候鸟所提出的建议这一细节内容,要求考生从文本中准确找出与之对应的表述
4.Where is the text most likely from 这道题主要针对文章的整体风格、内容性质以及所涉及的研究等方面,考查考生是否能综合这些因素推理出文章最有可能的出处
1.What may pose a direct threat to western tanagers’ survival
A.Global warming.
B.The duration of changing seasons.
C.Loss of habitats due to human activities.
D.Decreased access to foods during migration.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。由第二段中的“To fuel them on their lengthy journey, western tanagers fill up on insects and berries. But as global climate...could have serious consequences for migratory birds’ survival.”可知,随着全球气候变化导致春季提前开始,唐纳雀迁徙期间获得食物的机会减少。故选D。
2.What is unique about the new study on birds like western tanagers
A.It covers a wider geographic range.
B.It reveals the decline in bird populations.
C.It centers on the adaptation of bird species.
D.It ensures the existence of a timing mismatch.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。由第三段中的“‘By contrary, previous studies...food web might be just as vulnerable.’”可知,先前研究的是北美东部的鸣禽,这项关于像西部唐纳雀这样的鸟类的新研究的独特之处在于它覆盖了更广泛的地理范围,不仅关注北美东部地区的鸣禽,也包括西部及食物链不同层级上的鸟类。故选A。
3.What does Loss suggest we do to safeguard migratory birds
A.Lessen the effects of climate change.
B.Preserve ecosystems for bird species.
C.Address emissions and habitat loss.
D.Expand researches on threats to birds.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。由最后一段“And he hopes that the information will serve to highlight the urgent need to lower greenhouse-gas emissions as fast as possible. ‘It’s really important, if we can’t address climate change immediately, to try to stop habitat loss as much as we can.’”可知,作者期望能够尽快减少温室气体的排放,尽可能地阻止栖息地的丧失。故选C。
4.Where is the text most likely from
A.A scientific journal.
B.A bird-watching guidebook.
C.A website about climate change.
D.A magazine about wildlife conservation.
【解析】选A。文章出处题。通读全文,尤其是由第二段中的“To fuel them on their lengthy journey, western tanagers fill up on insects and berries... could have serious consequences for migratory birds’ survival.”可知,本文介绍的是Scott Loss关于鸟类迁移的一项科学研究,且引用了《美国科学院院报》的话,所以最可能出自科研杂志。故选A。
B
(2025·合肥模拟)
In a trailblazing new study, researchers have discovered bottled water sold in stores can contain 10 to 100 times more bits of plastic than previously estimated—nanoparticles (纳米塑料颗粒) are so tiny that they cannot be seen under a microscope.
At 1,000th the average width of a human hair, nanoplastics are so teeny that they can migrate through the tissues of the digestive tract or lungs into the bloodstream, distributing potentially harmful synthetic chemicals throughout the body and into cells, experts say.
One liter of water—the equivalent of two standard-size bottled waters—contained an average of 240,000 plastic particles from seven types of plastics, of which 90% were identified as nanoplastics and the rest were microplastics, according to the new study.
Microplastics are polymer fragments that can range from less than 0.2 inch (5 millimeters) down to 1/25,000th of an inch(1 micrometer).Anything smaller is a nanoplastic that must be measured in billionths of a meter.
In the new study, published Monday in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers from Columbia University presented a new technology that can see, count and analyze the chemical structure of nanoparticles in bottled water.
Instead of 300 per liter, the team behind the latest study found the actual number of plastic bits in three popular brands of water sold in the United States to be in between 110,000 and 370,000, if not higher.
The innovative new techniques presented in the study open the door for further research to better understand the potential risks to human health, said Jane Houlihan, research director for Healthy Babies, Bright Futures, an alliance of nonprofits committed to reducing babies’ exposures to neurotoxic (毒害神经的) chemicals, who was not involved in the study.
“Infants and young children may face the greatest risks, as their developing brains and bodies are often more vulnerable to impacts from toxic exposures,” said Houlihan in an email.
Nanoplastics are the most worrisome type of plastic pollution for human health, experts say.That’s because the particles can invade individual cells and tissues in major organs, potentially interrupting cellular processes and depositing endocrine-disrupting (扰乱内分泌的) chemicals such as bisphenols, phthalates, flame retardants, per- and polyfluorinated substances, or PFAS, and heavy metals.
There are things people can do to reduce their exposure to plastics, said Houlihan.“We can avoid consuming foods and beverages in plastic containers.We can wear clothing made from natural fabrics and buy consumer products made from natural materials,” Houlihan said.“We can simply take stock of the plastic in our daily lives and find alternatives whenever feasible.”
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了最新研究发现瓶装水中含有大量的纳米塑料颗粒,这些颗粒非常小,以至于肉眼无法看到,并且它们可能对人体健康造成潜在危害。
5.Where can nanoplastics be found in our body
A.The blood.　　　　 B.The lung.
C.The stomach. D.Almost everywhere.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知,纳米塑料非常小,可以通过消化道或肺部的组织进入血液,在身体各处和细胞中分布潜在有害的合成化学物质,几乎可以出现在身体的任何地方,故选D项。
6.What are the differences between nanoplastics and microplastics
A.Nanoplastics are harmful, while microplastics aren’t.
B.Nanoplastics exist in bottled waters, while microplastics don’t.
C.Nanoplastics can migrate through certain tissues, while microplastics can’t.
D.Nanoplastics are much shorter than microplastics.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知,纳米塑料比微塑料小得多。故选D项。
7.Why is Jane Houlihan’s statement mentioned
A.To add more background information for the new study.
B.To make preparations for the following contents.
C.To provide an objective evaluation for the significance of the new study.
D.To encourage readers to consistently and enthusiastically focus on the new study.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段可知,Jane Houlihan的声明提供了对新研究意义的客观评价,强调了婴儿和幼儿可能面临最大的风险。故选C项。
8.What is the structure of the passage
A.Finding→Explanation and analysis→Solutions.
B.Finding→Reasons and background→Solutions.
C.Finding→Discussion and background→Conclusion.
D.Finding→Discussion and reasons→Conclusion.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知,文章首先提出了研究发现,即瓶装水中含有大量的纳米塑料;根据第四段以及倒数第二段可知,文章随后解释了这些纳米塑料的特点和潜在的危害,并分析了这些发现的重要性(Explanation and analysis);最后一段提出了解决方法,即减少塑料暴露的一些措施。因此,文章的结构是“发现→解释和分析→解决方案”。故选A项。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
七选五 9—13 √ 无塑料野餐 2026·广东模拟 人与自然 —
　　If you’re looking for something fun to do, pack a picnic dinner and take your family or friends to a beautiful place to eat.However, there’s a wrong trend—viewing picnics as an excuse to transport food in single-use plastic containers.Sure, it means the clean-up is easy at the moment, but it just puts it off to a later point, when it takes the form of the volunteer clean-up and landfill management.　9　 What follows is advice on how to pack such a picnic.
·Use food containers wisely
Using reusable containers is the easiest way to reduce waste.　10　 For example, to reduce packaging, you can take along things like a loaf of bread, a whole watermelon, whole vegetables, a knife and a board to cut your food when you’re ready to eat.These things don’t have to be done and sealed before you leave the house.
·　11　
Using washable dishes for a picnic does not require much more work than single-use ones.You’d have to carry the waste out anyway in a trash bag, so why not pack your dirty plates into a bag and put them in the dishwasher at home If you’re worried about breaking, take some solid camping plates.
·Think about the drinks
Forget the single-use, single-serve drink bottles.　12　 Fill personal water bottles with water, juice or lemonade at pared with a single-use plastic cup, they have the added advantage of keeping your drinks at the desired temperature for longer.
·Put cloth bags to good use
Cloth bags are amazing.I use them for so much more than just buying food at the store.They’re perfect for packing sandwiches, dried or fresh fruit, and other snack foods.You can use them to pack glasses or plates to prevent breaking.They can also work as a napkin, tea towel, or garbage bag if needed.　13　
A.Clean up the waste
B.Avoid plastic plates
C.Be sure to add a few to your picnic basket.
D.There are some healthy dishes you can make or buy.
E.To prevent this, a plastic-free picnic can be a brilliant idea.
F.These create a huge amount of waste, which can be easily avoided.
G.In addition, keep in mind that you don’t have to pre-pack everything.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了无塑料野餐,并给出了“无塑料”的具体建议。
9.【解析】选E。上文“Sure, it means the clean-up is easy at the moment, but it just puts it off to a later point, when it takes the form of the volunteer clean-up and landfill management.”讲述这些一次性塑料容器最终被志愿者清理或者进入垃圾填埋场,由下文“What follows is advice on how to pack such a picnic.”可知,下文提出了一些避免塑料垃圾的有效建议,E项“为了避免这种情况,无塑料野餐是一个不错的主意。”符合语境,承上启下。故选E。
10.【解析】选G。上文“Using reusable containers is the easiest way to reduce waste.”讲述用可重复使用的容器可以减少浪费,下文“For example, to reduce packaging, you can take along things like a loaf of bread...”讲述了减少包装的方法,G项中的“don’t have to pre-pack everything(不必提前打包)”与之呼应,因此推断G项“此外,请记住,你不必预先打包所有的东西。”符合语境,与上文是递进关系,故选G。
11.【解析】选B。由下文“Using washable dishes for a picnic does not require much more work than single-use ones.”可推断出本段主要讲的是塑料盘子并不比可洗的盘子方便,因此推断B项“避免使用塑料盘子”符合语境,且形式上符合段落小标题的结构。故选B。
12.【解析】选F。上文“Forget the single-use, single-serve drink bottles.”说明不要使用一次性饮料瓶,下文“Fill personal water bottles with water, juice or lemonade at pared with a single-use plastic cup, they have the added advantage of keeping your drinks at the desired temperature for longer.”建议使用水瓶装饮品,F项“这些会造成大量的浪费,而这种浪费是很容易避免的。”符合语境,承上启下,These指代上文提到的drink bottles。故选F。
13.【解析】选C。上文“They’re perfect for packing sandwiches, dried or fresh fruit, and other snack foods.You can use them to pack glasses or plates to prevent breaking.They can also work as a napkin, tea towel, or garbage bag if needed.”讲述了使用布袋的益处,因此推断携带几个布袋是必要的,C项“一定要在你的野餐篮子里加几个。”符合语境。故选C。
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