资源简介

课时跟踪训练 Unit 3　Sea Exploration
阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分20分)
A
The Voynich manuscript (手稿) is a 234-page book filled with writing in a strange language now called Voynichese.It also features many strange drawings of unknown plants, people and charts.Based on the images alone, it seems to have something to do with medicine.
The language in the manuscript appears nowhere else and has become one of the greatest linguistic riddles of our day. Since its discovery, it has attracted researchers, been called a hoax (骗局), and been the subject of a huge number of articles.
By carbon dating the manuscript, researchers are pretty confident that it was constructed in the early 1400s.And through the magic of linguistic analysis, most people agree that the manuscript is not a hoax.Or, if it is, it’s a very, very complex hoax.
A paper published in 2016 by computer scientist Greg Kondrak and his student Bradley Hauer gained a lot of attention.Their theory was based on the idea that Voynichese was made with a substitution cipher (替代密码).That means it was written in a real language, and then each of the letters in that language was replaced by a specific Voynichese letter.
This is where the computing power comes in.By having a computer compare the text of the Voynich manuscript to 380 languages, Kondrak and Hauer ran the substitution cipher through as many languages as possible and determined if the text would make sense.In the end, they figured out that the original language was Hebrew, and they even translated some of the text.There are a few problems with their results, though they compared the manuscript to modern Hebrew, not 15th-century Hebrew; they had to make “spelling corrections” for it to make sense; and, possibly most egregious (过分的) of all, they got their results using a translating app.
Despite all the innovations in code-breaking over the last century, the Voynich manuscript still rejects our advances.If Voynichese is indeed ever solved, artificial intelligence could very likely play a role.
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 记叙文
主题 语境 人与社会(社会进步与人类文明)
语篇 内容 文本主要讨论了伏尼契手稿(Voynich Manuscript)的神秘性、研究进展以及人工智能在其破译过程中的应用
语篇 结构 Para.1 Introduction to the Voynich manuscript’s mysterious content.
Paras. 2-5 Relative research and comment about Voynich manuscript.
Para.6 The ongoing mystery of the Voynich manuscript and the potential of AI in decoding.
1.What can be an agreed point about the Voynich manuscript
A.It’s a medical book.
B.It has magic power.
C.It was made in the early 1400s.
D.It tells the story of a complex hoax.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段“By carbon dating the manuscript, researchers are pretty confident that it was constructed in the early 1400s.”可知,关于伏尼契手稿,研究人员非常确信它是在15世纪初编制的。故选C。
2.What does Kondrak believe
A.Voynichese was an endangered language.
B.Voynichese will be replaced soon.
C.Voynichese was made by somebody.
D.Voynichese will attract more attention.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段可知,Kondrak认为,伏尼契手稿是用真实的语言写的,该语言中的每个字母都被一个特定的伏尼契语字母所取代,由此可知,伏尼契语是人为制成的。故选C。
3.What can be inferred about Kondrak’s research
A.Its samples were insufficient.
B.It failed to get the text to make sense.
C.It didn’t determine the original language.
D.Its conclusion was not convincing enough.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第五段可知,这项研究的结果是有问题的,Kondrak的研究结论并不令人信服。故选D。
4.What does the author express in the last paragraph
A.Doubt.　　　　　 B.Expectation.
C.Determination. D.Concern.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,作者认为未来有望借助人工智能来解开伏尼契语之谜,由此可知,作者在最后一段中表达了期望。故选B。
B
(2025·临沂模拟)
Humans work hard to avoid viruses.Sick people are isolated, diseased animals are killed and fields of infected crops are fired up.Reviving(复活)an ancient virus would surely be a disaster.
But a new study led by Fiddaman from Oxford, challenges this conventional wisdom.It shows how the revival of an ancient virus can unlock the secrets of its evolution.
The virus in the study is Marek’s disease virus(MDV), killing more than 90% of chickens.Yet when it was discovered in 1907, MDV rarely caused death.
Dr Fiddaman wondered whether its new-found virulence(毒性)was a result of large structural changes.To find out, he and his colleagues got their hands on nearly 1,000 chicken bones from ancient times across Europe and Asia, some of them up to 2000 years old.Sections of DNA from these remains were mapped on to the ones of today’s virus.
As the authors pieced together the sets of genes of ancient MDV, however, they noticed that the genes were arranged identically to those in modern species.It suggests that the increased virulence resulted not from large structural changes, but from point mutations(突变).In particular, changes had occurred in the arrangement of a gene called MEQ, which has an essential role in tumour(肿瘤)formation.
This discovery suggests that the ancient MDV may not have been able to cause tumours.To test this assumption, Dr Fiddaman followed up with a daring experiment.He made the ancient form of the MEQ gene and shot it into living chicken cells.It did not turn on any of the genes associated with tumour formation.In comparison, a modern MEQ gene quickly showed its tendency to cause tumours.
By combining ancient and modern genetic biology, the methods pioneered in the paper reveal how, and more importantly why, any virus mutates.That could help scientists tackle other viruses that pull on the purse-strings of farmers—by designing new vaccines(疫苗), for instance—or even to work out how to prevent another global pandemic.
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 说明文
主题 语境 人与社会(社会进步与人类文明)
语篇 内容 文章介绍了一项由牛津大学Fiddaman博士领导的新研究,强调了复活古老病毒并研究其基因对理解病毒进化和开发新疫苗的潜在价值
语篇 结构 Paras. 1、2 Lead in the research of the revival.
Paras. 3-6 The background information, the purpose and the reasearch method and findings of the research.
Para.7 Study helps understand virus mutations, aiding vaccine development.
【命题意图】
5.What is widely acknowledged about the revival of an ancient virus 第一段讲普遍认为复活古老病毒是灾难性的。这个题目考查学生对文章第一段主旨的理解能力,需要从整体上把握段落的中心思想
6.What caused the virulence change of MDV 第五段主要讲述了MDV的毒性变化不是由大的结构变化引起的,而是由点突变引起的,特别是MEQ基因的排列发生了变化。基于此,这个题目要求学生理解并区分文章中提到的不同科学概念,并能够从细节中提取出关键信息
7.How did Dr Fiddaman test the assumption 倒数第二段中,Fiddaman博士通过实验来测试假设,比较了古代和现代MEQ基因在鸡细胞中的表现。这个题目考查学生对实验方法和科学探究过程的理解,需要从文中提取实验设计的关键步骤。主要考查学生理解实验设计和科学方法的能力
8.What can we infer from the last paragraph 最后一段主要讲了这项研究的方法揭示了病毒如何以及为什么突变,这可能帮助科学家对抗其他病毒,例如设计新疫苗或预防全球大流行。这个题目要求学生从文章的最后一段中推断出更广泛的意义和应用,考查学生的理解力和推理能力
5.What is widely acknowledged about the revival of an ancient virus
A.It is a challenging task.
B.It reveals the virus evolution.
C.It means a disaster for humans.
D.It helps people fight diseases.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。由文章第一段可知,普遍认为,复活一种古老的病毒肯定是一场灾难。故选C。
6.What caused the virulence change of MDV
A.Point mutations in MEQ.
B.The occurrence of a new gene.
C.The reproduction of the ancient MDV.
D.Large structural changes in modern species.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。由文章第五段的内容可知,MEQ点突变引起MDV毒性变化。故选A。
7.How did Dr Fiddaman test the assumption
A.By investigating a typical case.
B.By conducting a field survey.
C.By studying the related theories.
D.By doing a comparative experiment.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段可知,Fiddaman博士通过做一个比较实验来验证这一假设。故选D。
8.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.Viruses weaken gradually when they mutate.
B.The finding throws light on handling other viruses.
C.A global pandemic requires a world effort to end it.
D.Farmers will face more complex challenges than before.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。由文章最后一段可知,这一发现为处理其他病毒提供了线索。故选B。
- 8 -(共27张PPT)
课时跟踪训练
Unit 3　Sea Exploration
阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分20分)
A
The Voynich manuscript (手稿) is a 234-page book filled with writing in a strange language now called Voynichese.It also features many strange drawings of unknown plants, people and charts.Based on the images alone, it seems to have something to do with medicine.
The language in the manuscript appears nowhere else and has become one of the greatest linguistic riddles of our day. Since its discovery, it has attracted researchers, been called a hoax (骗局), and been the subject of a huge number of articles.
By carbon dating the manuscript, researchers are pretty confident that it was constructed in the early 1400s.And through the magic of linguistic analysis, most people agree that the manuscript is not a hoax.Or, if it is, it’s a very, very complex hoax.
A paper published in 2016 by computer scientist Greg Kondrak and his student Bradley Hauer gained a lot of attention.Their theory was based on the idea that Voynichese was made with a substitution cipher (替代密码).That means it was written in a real language, and then each of the letters in that language was replaced by a specific Voynichese letter.
This is where the computing power comes in.By having a computer compare the text of the Voynich manuscript to 380 languages, Kondrak and Hauer ran the substitution cipher through as many languages as possible and determined if the text would make sense.In the end, they figured out that the original language was Hebrew, and they even translated some of the text.There are a few problems with their results, though they compared the manuscript to modern Hebrew, not 15th-century Hebrew; they had to make “spelling corrections” for it to make sense; and, possibly most egregious (过分的) of all, they got their results using a translating app.
Despite all the innovations in code-breaking over the last century, the Voynich manuscript still rejects our advances.If Voynichese is indeed ever solved, artificial intelligence could very likely play a role.
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 记叙文
主题 语境 人与社会(社会进步与人类文明)
语篇 内容 文本主要讨论了伏尼契手稿(Voynich Manuscript)的神秘性、研究进展以及人工智能在其破译过程中的应用
语篇 结构 Para.1 Introduction to the Voynich manuscript’s mysterious content.
Paras. 2-5 Relative research and comment about Voynich manuscript.
Para.6 The ongoing mystery of the Voynich manuscript and the potential of AI in decoding.
1.What can be an agreed point about the Voynich manuscript
A.It’s a medical book.
B.It has magic power.
C.It was made in the early 1400s.
D.It tells the story of a complex hoax.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段“By carbon dating the manuscript, researchers are pretty confident that it was constructed in the early 1400s.”可知,关于伏尼契手稿,研究人员非常确信它是在15世纪初编制的。故选C。
√
2.What does Kondrak believe
A.Voynichese was an endangered language.
B.Voynichese will be replaced soon.
C.Voynichese was made by somebody.
D.Voynichese will attract more attention.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段可知,Kondrak认为,伏尼契手稿是用真实的语言写的,该语言中的每个字母都被一个特定的伏尼契语字母所取代,由此可知,伏尼契语是人为制成的。故选C。
√
3.What can be inferred about Kondrak’s research
A.Its samples were insufficient.
B.It failed to get the text to make sense.
C.It didn’t determine the original language.
D.Its conclusion was not convincing enough.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第五段可知,这项研究的结果是有问题的,Kondrak的研究结论并不令人信服。故选D。
√
4.What does the author express in the last paragraph
A.Doubt.　　　　　 B.Expectation.
C.Determination. D.Concern.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,作者认为未来有望借助人工智能来解开伏尼契语之谜,由此可知,作者在最后一段中表达了期望。故选B。
√
B
(2025·临沂模拟)
Humans work hard to avoid viruses.Sick people are isolated, diseased animals are killed and fields of infected crops are fired up.Reviving(复活)an ancient virus would surely be a disaster.
But a new study led by Fiddaman from Oxford, challenges this conventional wisdom.It shows how the revival of an ancient virus can unlock the secrets of its evolution.
The virus in the study is Marek’s disease virus(MDV), killing more than 90% of chickens.Yet when it was discovered in 1907, MDV rarely caused death.
Dr Fiddaman wondered whether its new-found virulence(毒性)was a result of large structural changes.To find out, he and his colleagues got their hands on nearly 1,000 chicken bones from ancient times across Europe and Asia, some of them up to 2000 years old.Sections of DNA from these remains were mapped on to the ones of today’s virus.
As the authors pieced together the sets of genes of ancient MDV, however, they noticed that the genes were arranged identically to those in modern species.It suggests that the increased virulence resulted not from large structural changes, but from point mutations(突变).In particular, changes had occurred in the arrangement of a gene called MEQ, which has an essential role in tumour(肿瘤)formation.
This discovery suggests that the ancient MDV may not have been able to cause tumours.To test this assumption, Dr Fiddaman followed up with a daring experiment.He made the ancient form of the MEQ gene and shot it into living chicken cells.It did not turn on any of the genes associated with tumour formation.In comparison, a modern MEQ gene quickly showed its tendency to cause tumours.
By combining ancient and modern genetic biology, the methods pioneered in the paper reveal how, and more importantly why, any virus mutates.That could help scientists tackle other viruses that pull on the purse-strings of farmers—by designing new vaccines(疫苗), for instance—or even to work out how to prevent another global pandemic.
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 说明文
主题 语境 人与社会(社会进步与人类文明)
语篇 内容 文章介绍了一项由牛津大学Fiddaman博士领导的新研究,强调了复活古老病毒并研究其基因对理解病毒进化和开发新疫苗的潜在价值
语篇 结构 Paras. 1、2 Lead in the research of the revival.
Paras. 3-6 The background information, the purpose and the reasearch method and findings of the research.
Para.7 Study helps understand virus mutations, aiding vaccine development.
【命题意图】
5.What is widely acknowledged about the revival of an ancient virus 第一段讲普遍认为复活古老病毒是灾难性的。这个题目考查学生对文章第一段主旨的理解能力,需要从整体上把握段落的中心思想
6.What caused the virulence change of MDV 第五段主要讲述了MDV的毒性变化不是由大的结构变化引起的,而是由点突变引起的,特别是MEQ基因的排列发生了变化。基于此,这个题目要求学生理解并区分文章中提到的不同科学概念,并能够从细节中提取出关键信息
7.How did Dr Fiddaman test the assumption 倒数第二段中,Fiddaman博士通过实验来测试假设,比较了古代和现代MEQ基因在鸡细胞中的表现。这个题目考查学生对实验方法和科学探究过程的理解,需要从文中提取实验设计的关键步骤。主要考查学生理解实验设计和科学方法的能力
8.What can we infer from the last paragraph 最后一段主要讲了这项研究的方法揭示了病毒如何以及为什么突变,这可能帮助科学家对抗其他病毒,例如设计新疫苗或预防全球大流行。这个题目要求学生从文章的最后一段中推断出更广泛的意义和应用,考查学生的理解力和推理能力
5.What is widely acknowledged about the revival of an ancient virus
A.It is a challenging task.
B.It reveals the virus evolution.
C.It means a disaster for humans.
D.It helps people fight diseases.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。由文章第一段可知,普遍认为,复活一种古老的病毒肯定是一场灾难。故选C。
√
6.What caused the virulence change of MDV
A.Point mutations in MEQ.
B.The occurrence of a new gene.
C.The reproduction of the ancient MDV.
D.Large structural changes in modern species.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。由文章第五段的内容可知,MEQ点突变引起MDV毒性变化。故选A。
√
7.How did Dr Fiddaman test the assumption
A.By investigating a typical case.
B.By conducting a field survey.
C.By studying the related theories.
D.By doing a comparative experiment.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段可知,Fiddaman博士通过做一个比较实验来验证这一假设。故选D。
√
8.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.Viruses weaken gradually when they mutate.
B.The finding throws light on handling other viruses.
C.A global pandemic requires a world effort to end it.
D.Farmers will face more complex challenges than before.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。由文章最后一段可知,这一发现为处理其他病毒提供了线索。故选B。
√(共48张PPT)
Unit 3　Sea Exploration
Step 1　题源研读·入境体验
Step 3　跟踪评估·夯基提能
Step 2　核心考点·探究突破
Step 1　题源研读·入境体验
More Than Half of the World’s Large Lakes Are Drying Up!
全球超半数大型湖泊正趋向干涸!
　　More than 50 percent of the largest lakes in the world are losing water, according to a groundbreaking new assessment published in Science.The main causes are warming climate and unsustainable human consumption.
Lead author Fangfang Yao, a climate fellow at the University of Virginia, said this is the first comprehensive assessment of trends and drivers of global lake water storage variability based on an array of satellites and models.
The team used 250,000 lake-area pictures captured by satellites between 1992—2020 to survey the area of 1,972 of Earth’s biggest lakes.The results were striking: 53 percent of lakes globally experienced a decline in water storage.Yao and his colleagues also assessed storage trends in reservoirs(水库).They found that nearly two-thirds of Earth’s large reservoirs experienced significant water losses.
“Sedimentation(沉积作用)dominated the global storage decline in existing reservoirs,” said Ben Livneh, also a co-author, CIRES fellow, and associate professor of engineering at CU Boulder.
Globally,freshwater lakes and reservoirs store 87 percent of the planet’s fresh water, making them a valuable resource for both human and ecosystems.Unlike rivers, lakes are not well monitored, yet they provide water for a large part of humanity — even more than rivers.It is estimated that roughly one-quarter of the world’s population, 2 billion people, lives in the basin of a drying lake, which indicates an urgent need to incorporate(使并入)human consumption, climate change, and sedimentation impacts into sustainable water resources management.
—http://www.science.org
(同源高考:2023年新高考Ⅰ卷语法填空选自本网站)
1.What problem does the new study focus on ( )
A.Severe water shortage of global big lakes.
B.An increase in the waste of water resources.
C.Human activities’ damaging effects on lakes.
D.The importance of lakes to Earth ecosystems.
2.What does the author suggest in the last paragraph ( )
A.Limiting the development of lake resources.
B.Taking urgent action to control human consumption.
C.Solving the water problem of people around drying lakes.
D.Improving the management of sustainable water resources.
【名师原创】
√
√
【长难句分析】
It is estimated that roughly one-quarter of the world’s population, 2 billion
people, lives in the basin of a drying lake, which indicates an urgent need to
incorporate human consumption, climate change, and sedimentation impacts
into sustainable water resources management.
本句是一个主从复合句,主句是由It作_________,真正主语是_________;
其中“2 billion people”作_______。which引导_________修饰主句整句话
内容;其中不定式 “to incorporate...into...”在句中作_________,修饰_____。
形式主语
that从句
同位语
定语从句
后置定语
need
Step 2　核心考点·探究突破
【重点单词】
1.extend vt.扩展;使伸长;延长;扩大……的范围(或影响);给予 vi.包括;
涉及(范围)
【语境速测】
①When you _____________(extend) or accepting an invitation, pay special
attention to the following information: the date and time, what to bring,
where to meet, etc.
②Everyone was impressed by his _________(extend) knowledge of music.
are extending
extensive
③It is my honour _________(extend) an invitation to you on behalf of our class.
④If you are in need of a deadline _________(extend),simply explain the
situation to your professor.
⑤I _____________________________________________________,
who have done so much for us over the years.
我要由衷感谢这些年来为我们做了很多的全体老师。
to extend
extension
would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to all my teachers
(1)extend sth.to sb. 给予某人某物
extend by 延长了
extend one’s heartfelt gratitude to
向……表达由衷的感谢
(2)extension n.扩大;延伸;延长(或扩大)的事物
extensive adj.广泛的;广阔的
extended adj.延长了的;扩展了的
2.possession n.[usually pl.] 个人财产;拥有;控制
【语境速测】
①While we are living, we tend to get distracted by unimportant things,
such as gathering material ___________(possession).
②The latest laptop is in ____ possession of Tom,which means that Tom
is in possession of the latest laptop.
possessions
the
③Happiness is not wishing for what we don’t have,but enjoying what we
take possession ___.
④Regarded as one of the four famous Chinese classics of literature,
____________________________________________________,which
makes it worthwhile to read.(possess)
作为中国四大名著之一,这本书具有极大的智慧和语言魅力,值得一读。
of
the book possesses great wisdom and the essence of Chinese
(1)in possession of　 具有, 拥有
in the possession of... 被……拥有, 归……所有
have/take possession of 拥有
(2)possess vt.拥有
be possessed of 具有, 拥有(尤指某种品质)
3.negotiate vt.商定;达成(协议)
vi.谈判;磋商;协商
【语境速测】
①For example, if you are a business person negotiating _____ a large
enterprise _________ a deal,you should do it face to face,using formal
language in a straightforward manner.
②The problem is so tough that it is still under ___________(negotiate).
with
about/for
negotiation
③It’s not __________(negotiate).The more connected you are, the healthier
you will be both physically and emotionally.
④He _______________________________________________________
___________ for their charity event aimed at helping the homeless.
他与这个非营利组织进行谈判,为他们旨在帮助无家可归者的慈善活动
争取捐赠和支持。
negotiable
negotiated with the non-profit organization to secure donations
and support
(1)negotiate with sb.about/for sth.
=negotiate sth.with sb. 与某人商议/谈判某事
negotiate an agreement/a contract
商定协议/合同
(2)negotiation n.谈判;磋商
under negotiation 在商谈中
in negotiation with 和……协商中
(3)negotiable adj.可谈判的; 可协商的
4.withdraw vi.& vt.(withdrew,withdrawn) (使)撤回;撤离
【语境速测】
①Both men were happy ____________(withdraw) from contemporary life,
seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives.
②He was forced to withdraw _____ the competition due to injury.
③He has made several ____________(withdraw) from his bank account.
to withdraw
from
withdrawals
④Internet addicts tend to withdraw ___ their own fantasy world rather
than communicating with a real person.
⑤Finally,he hoped that the freshmen would strive to move on
________________________________________.(withdraw)
最后,他希望新生们在面对挑战时能坚持不懈,而不是轻言放弃。
to
rather than withdraw when facing challenges
(1)withdraw...from...　　 从……撤离/拿出
withdraw money from the bank
从银行提款
withdraw charges 撤销指控
withdraw one’s eyes from... 把视线从……移开
withdraw a remark 收回发言
withdraw to 退入;撤退到
(2)withdrawal n.收回;取回;撤回;撤退;取款
【核心短语】
5.set sail 起航;开航
【语境速测】
①Parents should ___________________ their children.
②It was the first time I had __________African soil.
③The following week the “Queen Elizabeth” _______ for Jamaica.
④Not only did he win the race, but he _______________.
他不仅赢了比赛,更创下新纪录。
set an example to/for
set foot on
set sail
set a new record
set foot on 　　　　 踏上
set a new record 创造新纪录
set an example to/for sb. 给某人树立榜样
set off 动身;出发;引起;引爆
set about (doing sth.) 着手(做某事)
set aside　　　 将……放在一边;为……节省或保留(钱或时间)
set down 写下;放下
set out (to do sth.) 出发;开始(做某事)
set up 建立,安装,调试(设备或机器)
6.in hand 在手头;可供使用
【语境速测】
①Medals were handed ____ by the organizer to the winners of the race,
who had performed exceptionally well.
②For those who do have difficulty, help is ___ hand.
③________________________,our life has become increasingly convenient.
由于有共享单车可使用,我们的生活变得越来越便利了。
out
at
With shared bikes in hand
(1)at hand　　　　 在手边; 即将到来
give sb.a hand 帮助某人
by hand 用手
hand in hand 手挽手
on the one hand...on the other hand...
一方面……另一方面……
hands down 轻易地
(2)hand in 上交
hand out 分发
hand over 移交
(3)hands-on adj.动手的;实践的
【经典句型】
7.Hopefully, as technology improves, we may have more options for managing this balance.(P32)希望随着技术的进步,我们可以有更多的选择来管理这种平衡。
【语境速测】
①All my team members are excited about this competition
____________________________ computer programming.
我的所有队员都对这次比赛感到兴奋,因为我们对计算机编程有着
极大的热情。
②______________, no pain, no gain.
我们都知道,没有付出就没有收获。
as we have great enthusiasm for
As we all know
③Tom was so intelligent that he did exactly __________________________.
汤姆很聪明,他完全按照老师教他的那样做了。
④→_________________,I gradually adapted myself to the school life.(with)
→_______________,I gradually adapted myself to the school life.(as)
随着时间的推移,我逐渐适应了学校生活。
⑤___________________________________________________, more
and more students are choosing to learn English beyond the classroom in
various ways.
随着智能手机和电脑的日益普及,越来越多的学生选择在课堂之外通过
各种方式学习英语。
as the teacher had taught him
With time going by
As time went by
As smartphones and computers grow increasingly popular
(1)as引导原因状语从句,表示“因为”。
as引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管,虽然”,状语从句需要倒装。
as引导时间状语从句,表示“随着;当……时”。
as引导方式状语从句,表示“像……一样,正如”。
as引导比较状语从句时基本结构是as...as。前一个as是副词;后一个as引导比较状语从句,表示“像……一样,正如”。
as引导非限制性定语从句,表示“正如,像”,指代整个主句,在非限制性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语,从句可位于句首、句中或句末,通常用逗号与主句隔开。
(2)as是连词,意为“随着”,引导时间状语从句。
with是介词,意为“随着”,后接名词或代词等构成with短语或with复合结构。
Step 3　跟踪评估·夯基提能
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)I keep two reference books close-by on my desk:
dictionary and thesaurus(同义词词典).I don’t trust my ________
(laptop)spellchecker.
2.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Their study revealed that the large number of
observation-only records did not lead to better global _________(cover).
3.To his sorrow,he lost all his ___________ (possession)because of his
failure in his business.
laptop’s
coverage
possessions
4.Her face showed a ________(mix)of fear and excitement at that moment.
5.The two parties have agreed on a further ___________(negotiate)about how
to solve the political problem.
6.I negotiated _____ other _________ (sponsor)of the exhibition about how to
organize it perfectly.
7.For some reason,I withdrew _____ a ________ (hand)of grand clubs and
I will never join them again.
mixture
negotiation
with
sponsors
from
handful
Ⅱ.完成句子
【短语填空】
1.由于有共享单车可使用,我们的学校生活变得越来越便利了。
With shared bikes ________,our school life has become increasingly
convenient.
2.船起航后不久,刮起了一场可怕的暴风雨。
Soon after the ship _______,a terrible storm blew up.
3.在军官的指挥下,他们成功地打败了敌人。
_____________________ the officer, they succeeded in defeating the enemy.
in hand
set sail
Under the command of
【句式仿写】
4.To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.
仿写:爱与被爱是一个人能获得的最大幸福。
_____________________ is the greatest happiness one can get.
To love and to be loved
5.Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433, these land
and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.
仿写:尽管他经历了起起伏伏,但我确实相信他总有一天会成功的。
________________________________________,I do believe he will
succeed one day.
6.Trading has grown greatly in recent years, and will continue to do
so in years to come.
仿写:看太多电视对我们的眼睛和健康有害。
_____________________does harm to our eyes and health.
Although he has gone through ups and downs
Watching too much TV
Ⅲ.语篇填空
(黑体词是本单元核心词汇)
Trade and curiosity have often formed the foundation of mankind’s
greatest achievements.1.__________ (merchant) and explorers from the East
set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did.
In ancient times,silk from China found its way along 2.______became
known as the Silk Road,3._________ (extend) along the coasts of the Indian
Ocean,centred around Ceylon.Here,merchants from China and many other
places met to negotiate trade deals,4.______ also led to more awareness of
each other’s cultures.
Merchants
what
extending
which
Later,the Ming Dynasty sent seven large 5._____ (fleet) to sail west on
voyages of trade and exploration.6._______ the command of Zheng He,they set
sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red
Sea,and then to the east coast of Africa.Although China 7._________ (withdraw)
from further expeditions after 1433,these land and sea routes remained active
channels between other cultures for centuries.
fleets
Under
withdrew
To reach out across the sea 8.________(remain)a strong desire today.
The aim of the Belt and Road Initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade
across the historic Silk Road areas,and 9.___________(strength) the bonds
between China and the rest of the world.China has invested billions in systems
and services along these routes.China has also joined its friends across the sea
on other important projects.The need to trade and the desire to enhance
relationships will drive China 10.________ (reach) out across the sea far into
the future.
remains
strengthen
to reach
Ⅳ.单元话题写作|海洋探索
最近,学生对于“海洋探索是否值得”进行讨论,请介绍大家的不同观点,并表达自己的看法。
不值得的理由 值得的理由 你的看法
1.带来污染; 2.破坏海洋动物栖息地; 1.有助于解决因人口增长而带来的资源短缺问题; 2.有利于气候变化等科学研究; ……
【要点写作】
1.最近,我们班就海洋探索进行了激烈的讨论。
Recently our class had ____________________ the exploration of the sea.
2.有些人认为海洋探索会污染海洋。
Some think that ______________ will pollute the sea.
3.那些海洋动物的栖息地正在遭到破坏。
Those marine animals’ habitats __________________.
a heated discussion on
sea exploration
are being destroyed
4.其他人则认为海洋值得探索。
Others think the sea _________________.
5.它使我们能够解决由于人口增长而造成的能源短缺问题。
It enables us to solve the problem of energy shortages __________the
growing population.
6.我认为为了子孙后代的利益而探索海洋是值得的。
I think exploring the sea _______________ future generations is ___________.
is worth exploring
because of
for the benefit of
worthwhile
【句式升级】
7.用固定短语“be worth exploring”改写1。
Recently our class had ____________________ whether the sea
_________________.
8.用非谓语短语和同位语从句改写2。
Some think ______________ is not worthwhile,
________________________________________.
a heated discussion on
is worth exploring
sea exploration
holding the opinion that it will pollute the sea
9.用非限制性定语从句拓展3。
Those marine animals’ habitats __________________,
____________________________.
10.用非限制性定语从句合并4和5。
Others think the sea _________________, ______ enables us to solve
the problem of energy shortages __________ the growing population.
11.用it作形式主语改写6。
Personally speaking, _______________________ the sea
_______________ future generations.
are being destroyed
which will cause them to die out
is worth exploring
which
because of
it’s worthwhile to explore
for the benefit of
【组句成篇】
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Recently our class had a heated discussion on whether the sea is worth exploring.Students hold different opinions about it.
Some think sea exploration is not worthwhile,holding the opinion that it will pollute the sea.Those marine animals’ habitats are being destroyed, which will cause them to die out.However,others think the sea is worth exploring,which enables us to solve the problem of energy shortages because of the growing population.Meanwhile, it is also beneficial to the scientific research like climate change.
Personally speaking,it’s worthwhile to explore the sea for the benefit of future generations.Meanwhile,we should exploit the sea properly.Unit 3　Sea Exploration
Step 1　题源研读·入境体验
More Than Half of the World’s Large Lakes Are Drying Up!
全球超半数大型湖泊正趋向干涸!
　　More than 50 percent of the largest lakes in the world are losing water, according to a groundbreaking new assessment published in Science.The main causes are warming climate and unsustainable human consumption. Lead author Fangfang Yao, a climate fellow at the University of Virginia, said this is the first comprehensive assessment of trends and drivers of global lake water storage variability based on an array of satellites and models. The team used 250,000 lake-area pictures captured by satellites between 1992—2020 to survey the area of 1,972 of Earth’s biggest lakes.The results were striking: 53 percent of lakes globally experienced a decline in water storage.Yao and his colleagues also assessed storage trends in reservoirs(水库).They found that nearly two-thirds of Earth’s large reservoirs experienced significant water losses. “Sedimentation(沉积作用)dominated the global storage decline in existing reservoirs,” said Ben Livneh, also a co-author, CIRES fellow, and associate professor of engineering at CU Boulder. Globally,freshwater lakes and reservoirs store 87 percent of the planet’s fresh water, making them a valuable resource for both human and ecosystems.Unlike rivers, lakes are not well monitored, yet they provide water for a large part of humanity — even more than rivers.It is estimated that roughly one-quarter of the world’s population, 2 billion people, lives in the basin of a drying lake, which indicates an urgent need to incorporate(使并入)human consumption, climate change, and sedimentation impacts into sustainable water resources management. —http://www.science.org (同源高考:2023年新高考Ⅰ卷语法填空选自本网站)
【名师原创】 1.What problem does the new study focus on (A) A.Severe water shortage of global big lakes. B.An increase in the waste of water resources. C.Human activities’ damaging effects on lakes. D.The importance of lakes to Earth ecosystems. 2.What does the author suggest in the last paragraph (D) A.Limiting the development of lake resources. B.Taking urgent action to control human consumption. C.Solving the water problem of people around drying lakes. D.Improving the management of sustainable water resources. 【长难句分析】 It is estimated that roughly one-quarter of the world’s population, 2 billion people, lives in the basin of a drying lake, which indicates an urgent need to incorporate human consumption, climate change, and sedimentation impacts into sustainable water resources management. 本句是一个主从复合句,主句是由It作形式主语,真正主语是that从句;其中“2 billion people”作同位语。which引导定语从句修饰主句整句话内容;其中不定式 “to incorporate...into...”在句中作后置定语,修饰need。
Step 2　核心考点·探究突破
【重点单词】
1.extend vt.扩展;使伸长;延长;扩大……的范围(或影响);给予 vi.包括;涉及(范围)
【语境速测】
①When you are extending(extend) or accepting an invitation, pay special attention to the following information: the date and time, what to bring, where to meet, etc.
②Everyone was impressed by his extensive(extend) knowledge of music.
③It is my honour to extend(extend) an invitation to you on behalf of our class.
④If you are in need of a deadline extension(extend),simply explain the situation to your professor.
⑤I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to all my teachers,who have done so much for us over the years.
我要由衷感谢这些年来为我们做了很多的全体老师。
(1)extend sth.to sb. 给予某人某物
extend by 延长了
extend one’s heartfelt gratitude to
向……表达由衷的感谢
(2)extension n.扩大;延伸;延长(或扩大)的事物
extensive adj.广泛的;广阔的
extended adj.延长了的;扩展了的
2.possession n.[usually pl.] 个人财产;拥有;控制
【语境速测】
①While we are living, we tend to get distracted by unimportant things, such as gathering material possessions(possession).
②The latest laptop is in the possession of Tom,which means that Tom is in possession of the latest laptop.
③Happiness is not wishing for what we don’t have,but enjoying what we take possession of.
④Regarded as one of the four famous Chinese classics of literature, the book possesses great wisdom and the essence of Chinese,which makes it worthwhile to read.(possess)
作为中国四大名著之一,这本书具有极大的智慧和语言魅力,值得一读。
(1)in possession of　 具有, 拥有
in the possession of... 被……拥有, 归……所有
have/take possession of 拥有
(2)possess vt.拥有
be possessed of 具有, 拥有(尤指某种品质)
3.negotiate vt.商定;达成(协议)
vi.谈判;磋商;协商
【语境速测】
①For example, if you are a business person negotiating with a large enterprise about/for a deal,you should do it face to face,using formal language in a straightforward manner.
②The problem is so tough that it is still under negotiation(negotiate).
③It’s not negotiable(negotiate).The more connected you are, the healthier you will be both physically and emotionally.
④He negotiated with the non-profit organization to secure donations and support for their charity event aimed at helping the homeless.
他与这个非营利组织进行谈判,为他们旨在帮助无家可归者的慈善活动争取捐赠和支持。
(1)negotiate with sb.about/for sth.
=negotiate sth.with sb. 与某人商议/谈判某事
negotiate an agreement/a contract
商定协议/合同
(2)negotiation n.谈判;磋商
under negotiation 在商谈中
in negotiation with 和……协商中
(3)negotiable adj.可谈判的; 可协商的
4.withdraw vi.& vt.(withdrew,withdrawn) (使)撤回;撤离
【语境速测】
①Both men were happy to withdraw (withdraw) from contemporary life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives.
②He was forced to withdraw from the competition due to injury.
③He has made several withdrawals(withdraw) from his bank account.
④Internet addicts tend to withdraw to their own fantasy world rather than communicating with a real person.
⑤Finally,he hoped that the freshmen would strive to move on rather than withdraw when facing challenges.(withdraw)
最后,他希望新生们在面对挑战时能坚持不懈,而不是轻言放弃。
(1)withdraw...from...　　 从……撤离/拿出
withdraw money from the bank
从银行提款
withdraw charges 撤销指控
withdraw one’s eyes from... 把视线从……移开
withdraw a remark 收回发言
withdraw to 退入;撤退到
(2)withdrawal n.收回;取回;撤回;撤退;取款
【核心短语】
5.set sail 起航;开航
【语境速测】
①Parents should set an example to/for their children.
②It was the first time I had set foot on African soil.
③The following week the “Queen Elizabeth” set sail for Jamaica.
④Not only did he win the race, but he set a new record.
他不仅赢了比赛,更创下新纪录。
set foot on 　　　　 踏上
set a new record 创造新纪录
set an example to/for sb. 给某人树立榜样
set off 动身;出发;引起;引爆
set about (doing sth.) 着手(做某事)
set aside　　　 将……放在一边;为……节省或保留(钱或时间)
set down 写下;放下
set out (to do sth.) 出发;开始(做某事)
set up 建立,安装,调试(设备或机器)
6.in hand 在手头;可供使用
【语境速测】
①Medals were handed out by the organizer to the winners of the race, who had performed exceptionally well.
②For those who do have difficulty, help is at hand.
③With shared bikes in hand,our life has become increasingly convenient.
由于有共享单车可使用,我们的生活变得越来越便利了。
(1)at hand　　　　 在手边; 即将到来
give sb.a hand 帮助某人
by hand 用手
hand in hand 手挽手
on the one hand...on the other hand...
一方面……另一方面……
hands down 轻易地
(2)hand in 上交
hand out 分发
hand over 移交
(3)hands-on adj.动手的;实践的
【经典句型】
7.Hopefully, as technology improves, we may have more options for managing this balance.(P32)希望随着技术的进步,我们可以有更多的选择来管理这种平衡。
【语境速测】
①All my team members are excited about this competition as we have great enthusiasm for computer programming.
我的所有队员都对这次比赛感到兴奋,因为我们对计算机编程有着极大的热情。
②As we all know, no pain, no gain.
我们都知道,没有付出就没有收获。
③Tom was so intelligent that he did exactly as the teacher had taught him.
汤姆很聪明,他完全按照老师教他的那样做了。
④→With time going by,I gradually adapted myself to the school life.(with)
→As time went by,I gradually adapted myself to the school life.(as)
随着时间的推移,我逐渐适应了学校生活。
⑤As smartphones and computers grow increasingly popular, more and more students are choosing to learn English beyond the classroom in various ways.
随着智能手机和电脑的日益普及,越来越多的学生选择在课堂之外通过各种方式学习英语。
(1)as引导原因状语从句,表示“因为”。
as引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管,虽然”,状语从句需要倒装。
as引导时间状语从句,表示“随着;当……时”。
as引导方式状语从句,表示“像……一样,正如”。
as引导比较状语从句时基本结构是as...as。前一个as是副词;后一个as引导比较状语从句,表示“像……一样,正如”。
as引导非限制性定语从句,表示“正如,像”,指代整个主句,在非限制性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语,从句可位于句首、句中或句末,通常用逗号与主句隔开。
(2)as是连词,意为“随着”,引导时间状语从句。
with是介词,意为“随着”,后接名词或代词等构成with短语或with复合结构。
Step 3　跟踪评估·夯基提能
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus(同义词词典).I don’t trust my laptop’s (laptop)spellchecker.
2.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage(cover).
3.To his sorrow,he lost all his possessions (possession)because of his failure in his business.
4.Her face showed a mixture (mix)of fear and excitement at that moment.
5.The two parties have agreed on a further negotiation (negotiate)about how to solve the political problem.
6.I negotiated with other sponsors (sponsor)of the exhibition about how to organize it perfectly.
7.For some reason,I withdrew from a handful (hand)of grand clubs and I will never join them again.
Ⅱ.完成句子
【短语填空】
1.由于有共享单车可使用,我们的学校生活变得越来越便利了。
With shared bikes in hand,our school life has become increasingly convenient.
2.船起航后不久,刮起了一场可怕的暴风雨。
Soon after the ship set sail,a terrible storm blew up.
3.在军官的指挥下,他们成功地打败了敌人。
Under the command of the officer, they succeeded in defeating the enemy.
【句式仿写】
4.To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.
仿写:爱与被爱是一个人能获得的最大幸福。
To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can get.
5.Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433, these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.
仿写:尽管他经历了起起伏伏,但我确实相信他总有一天会成功的。
Although he has gone through ups and downs,I do believe he will succeed one day.
6.Trading has grown greatly in recent years, and will continue to do so in years to come.
仿写:看太多电视对我们的眼睛和健康有害。
Watching too much TV does harm to our eyes and health.
Ⅲ.语篇填空
(黑体词是本单元核心词汇)
Trade and curiosity have often formed the foundation of mankind’s greatest achievements.1.Merchants (merchant) and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did.
In ancient times,silk from China found its way along 2.what became known as the Silk Road,3.extending (extend) along the coasts of the Indian Ocean,centred around Ceylon.Here,merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals,4.which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.
Later,the Ming Dynasty sent seven large 5.fleets (fleet) to sail west on voyages of trade and exploration.6.Under the command of Zheng He,they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea,and then to the east coast of Africa.Although China 7.withdrew (withdraw) from further expeditions after 1433,these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.
To reach out across the sea 8.remains (remain)a strong desire today.The aim of the Belt and Road Initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas,and 9.strengthen (strength) the bonds between China and the rest of the world.China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes.China has also joined its friends across the sea on other important projects.The need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China 10.to reach (reach) out across the sea far into the future.
Ⅳ.单元话题写作|海洋探索
最近,学生对于“海洋探索是否值得”进行讨论,请介绍大家的不同观点,并表达自己的看法。
不值得的理由 值得的理由 你的看法
1.带来污染; 2.破坏海洋动物栖息地; 1.有助于解决因人口增长而带来的资源短缺问题; 2.有利于气候变化等科学研究; ……
【要点写作】
1.最近,我们班就海洋探索进行了激烈的讨论。
Recently our class had a heated discussion on the exploration of the sea.
2.有些人认为海洋探索会污染海洋。
Some think that sea exploration will pollute the sea.
3.那些海洋动物的栖息地正在遭到破坏。
Those marine animals’ habitats are being destroyed.
4.其他人则认为海洋值得探索。
Others think the sea is worth exploring.
5.它使我们能够解决由于人口增长而造成的能源短缺问题。
It enables us to solve the problem of energy shortages because of the growing population.
6.我认为为了子孙后代的利益而探索海洋是值得的。
I think exploring the sea for the benefit of future generations is worthwhile.
【句式升级】
7.用固定短语“be worth exploring”改写1。
Recently our class had a heated discussion on whether the sea is worth exploring.
8.用非谓语短语和同位语从句改写2。
Some think sea exploration is not worthwhile, holding the opinion that it will pollute the sea.
9.用非限制性定语从句拓展3。
Those marine animals’ habitats are being destroyed, which will cause them to die out.
10.用非限制性定语从句合并4和5。
Others think the sea is worth exploring, which enables us to solve the problem of energy shortages because of the growing population.
11.用it作形式主语改写6。
Personally speaking, it’s worthwhile to explore the sea for the benefit of future generations.
【组句成篇】
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【参考范文】
Recently our class had a heated discussion on whether the sea is worth exploring.Students hold different opinions about it.
Some think sea exploration is not worthwhile,holding the opinion that it will pollute the sea.Those marine animals’ habitats are being destroyed, which will cause them to die out.However,others think the sea is worth exploring,which enables us to solve the problem of energy shortages because of the growing population.Meanwhile, it is also beneficial to the scientific research like climate change.
Personally speaking,it’s worthwhile to explore the sea for the benefit of future generations.Meanwhile,we should exploit the sea properly.
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