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Unit 7 Data Safety 第2课时B Reading and critical thinking
课后练习
一、单词拼写
1． Parents should teach kids not to (霸凌) others and how to protect themselves.
2． We should pay more attention to food /_/'se fti/ and not buy street food outside the school.
3． The girl is afraid to speak to a (陌生人).
4． My father bought a new (数码的) camera last week.
5． It is a special day and it (纪念) the birthday of Florence Nightingale.
B. 阅读下面短文，根据括号内所给汉语注释写出单词的正确形式(每空一词)。
Let's meet Zhu Zhengyu, a 14-year-old girl. 6． (大多数) people get to know her through an online video(网络视频). In the video, Zhu helps her mother 7． (联系) foreign clients(外国客户) in English. To her mother's surprise, she makes an international 8． (出售；销售) for her mother finally.
Zhu is a(n) 9． (优秀的) middle school student in Ningbo, Zhejiang. She is interested in English. She 10． (花费) time listening to English songs and watching English films. What's more, she takes a notebook with her to learn English at any time. When she has free time, she also travels to other 11． (国家) with her family. She thinks these are 12． (有帮助的) ways for her English learning. She says, "It is important to make learning a daily 13． (常规). "
At school, Zhu joins in lots of activities, like flag—raising ceremonies（仪式）, sports meetings and other kinds of celebrations. Her class teacher says she can make everyone 14． （在……周 围） her happy. All her teachers and classmates like 15． （她）a lot. She is a popular girl in her school.
二、语法填空
短文语法填空
In China, schools usually have 16． 10-minute break between classes. Sometimes, students can't go outside for 17． (safe), which means they might not get enough outdoor time. But this autumn, some cities are changing that.
Beijing, Tianjin, and Qingdao have made breaks 5 minutes 18． (long) than before to help students get more exercise and fresh air. In Beijing, this hasn't changed the school day much for younger kids, but middle school students finish a bit later.
A school in Qingdao has cool ideas for these longer breaks. Many 19． (activity) are organized for students during breaks. Several games are introduced to make the breaks more 20． (enjoy). Also, books and board games (桌面游戏) 21． (provide) for those who prefer quiet activities. These games are easy 22． (start) and finish in 15 minutes, and they help students relax and get ready 23． the next class.
This change is good for students 24． it makes their school day more fun and healthy. Now, they can have more active breaks and feel better when they go back to study. It's a nice way for schools to 25． (real) care about students' well-being and make school a better place.
三、选词填空
用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空。每个单词或短语限用一次
mark, nation, found, celebrate, for example
26．The boy likes many kinds of animals, , tigers.
27．It is a special day for me because it my birthday.
28．The woman often her birthday by having a big dinner with her family.
29．For these kids, it's not easy to a new club in their school.
30．We usually watch the raising of the flag in the playground.
短文填空：用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空。
hear from stranger ask hard inglass at school tell with arrive at
Dear Lingling,
How's it going I'm glad to 31． you. Thanks for 32． me about your things. I think we are the same in many ways! 33． , I spend much time trying many things like dancing. It's my interest. I also enjoy doing sports in my free time with my brother. We both like tennis best, and my brother is also a member of the school tennis team. I am proud of him. However, sometimes I feel sad about getting bad grades, but I'll work 34． than before.
I'm happy that we'll meet soon. To let you find me quickly when I 35． the airport, I will send you a photo. I am tall 36． short fair hair. I wear a pair of 37． . I plan to wear shorts and a T-shirt. And I'll carry my warm coat. I've known you, so we will find each other certainly!
You once 38． me, "How do you feel about coming to China " At first, I feel a bit sad when I leave my parents for some days. I am shy and I even don't know how to talk with 39． . I feel nervous because I am not good at speaking Chinese. I hope you can teach me some ways so that I can do things 40． a right way in China. I am looking forward to going to China!
See you next week!
Yours,
Sally
四、阅读理解
阅读理解
A study in the AHA (美国心脏协会) Journal Circulation shows that eating five servings (份) of fruit and vegetables a day may lower the risk of death by 13%.
Researchers studied data from over 100,000 men and women. The study started in the mid-1980s and ended in 2014. The testers were asked about their diet at the beginning of the study, and again every two to four years. By the end of the study, 33,898 testers had died.
The study found that people who ate two servings of fruit and three servings of vegetables daily had the lowest chance of death. However, eating more than five total servings a day did not make the risk lower.
Compared with those who ate only two servings a day, people who ate five servings were:
10% less likely to die from cancer
12% less likely to die from heart disease
35% less likely to die from lung disease
13% less likely to die from all causes
To make the result more believable, the researchers combined their data with 24 other studies. In total, they looked at 1.9 million people from 29 countries across Asia, Africa, Europe, Oceania, North America and South America. They got the same result: five servings a day led to a 13% lower risk of death from any cause.
But lead author Dr. Dong Wang said not all fruits and vegetables are the same. Some may cause health problems. For example, starchy (淀粉类) vegetables like corn and potatoes didn't help lower the death risk. Fruit juices were also not helpful.
Stick to five servings a day, and keep your plate colorful. Small changes in your food choices can lead to big health benefits over time.
41．How does the writer introduce the study
A．By telling stories. B．By listing numbers.
C．By asking questions. D．By describing feelings.
42．According to the study, who possibly has the lowest risk of death
A．People who drink fruit juice or eat fruit very often.
B．People who focus on diet to lose weight every day.
C．People who eat two fruits and three vegetables a day.
D．People who change their diets every two to four years.
43．Why does the writer mention corn and potatoes in Paragraph 6
A．To explain they are unhealthy foods.
B．To tell us they are starchy vegetables.
C．To suggest we should eat more of them.
D．To show vegetables have different effects.
44．What is the best title for the passage
A．Fruit Juice: A Healthy Daily Drink
B．Sports & Diet: Good for Our Health
C．Daily Choice: Keep Your Plate Colorful
D．Fruit & Vegetables: The More, the Better
Am I Real or AI
Imagine you are shown 10 photos of faces and told that half are real, and the other half are made by AI. Can you recognize (识别) the real ones just by looking
You might think this is an easy task, but a new study shows it is far more challenging than we believe. Today's AI-generated (生成) faces look surprisingly real, making it difficult for most people to tell the difference.
Researchers tested 125 people to see if they could discover which faces were AI-made. One-third of them were "super recognizers"—people who are especially skilled at remembering and recognizing faces in daily life. However, in this study, these experts got only 57% correct on average, while the other people got 51% correct, almost no different from blind guessing.
Early AI-generated faces often had clear mistakes and were easy to notice. As AI technology improves rapidly, it has learned from millions of real faces and become much smarter. Besides, there are better ways to make the pictures clear and beautiful. Now AI-generated faces look so perfect that people can hardly tell them from real ones. This has become a growing challenge in our world.
Telling real faces from AI ones is becoming harder every day. "For years, we believed photos showed real people and real situations," said researcher James Dunn. But now when we look at pictures online, we may no longer trust " ▲ " We should be more careful with fake (假的) AI images on social media and other websites.
The team plans to study the top performers in the tests and find out the secrets behind their ability to identify AI-generated faces. In the future, they hope to create simple and useful tools to help people tell real faces from AI-generated ones more easily.
45．What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Sharing photos online.
B．Looking at the photos.
C．Making AI-generated faces.
D．Telling real faces from AI ones.
46．What can we learn about "super recognizers" from the passage
A．They could perform perfectly in the test.
B．They got 51% correct on average in the test.
C．They like creating different kinds of AI faces.
D．They are especially good at recognizing faces.
47．Which of the following is mentioned in Paragraph 4
A．When the early AI-generated faces appeared.
B．Why today's AI faces are hard to recognize.
C．Who will create a new tool for telling AI faces.
D．How many people can easily discover AI faces.
48．Which of the following can be put in " ▲ "
A．Seeing is believing. B．No pains, no gains.
C．Practice makes perfect. D．Well begun is half done.
答案解析部分
1．【答案】bully
【知识点】动词原形；bully
【解析】【分析】句意： 父母应该教育孩子不要霸凌他人，并教会他们如何保护自己。霸凌，动词bully，根据固定搭配teach sb. not to do sth."教某人不要做某事"，可知此处为to+动词原形bully，构成动词不定式，作宾语。故答案为：bully。
【点评】考查动词。注意熟记动词bully"霸凌"的正确拼写。
2．【答案】safety
【知识点】语音；不可数名词；safety
【解析】【分析】句意：我们应该更关注食品安全，不要购买学校外的街头食品。"food"后需接名词，结合音标/ se fti/，对应的单词是"safety"（表示"安全"），"food safety"是固定搭配，意为"食品安全"。故填safety。
【点评】考查名词拼写及固定搭配。首先根据音标确定单词，再理解"food+名词"的搭配结构，明确此处用名词作"pay attention to"的宾语。
3．【答案】stranger
【知识点】可数名词的单数；stranger
【解析】【分析】句意： 这个女孩害怕和陌生人说话。陌生人，stranger，开始从，空格前有不定冠词a，用可数名词单数stranger，故填stranger。
【点评】考查名词的拼写。根据中文提示和句子结构，写出名词的正确形式。
4．【答案】digital
【知识点】形容词作定语置于名词前；digital
【解析】【分析】句意：我爸爸上周买了一台新的数码相机。"数码的"对应的英文单词为digital，形容词作定语，修饰名词camera，符合题意。故答案为digital。
【点评】考查形容词作定语置于名词前。根据汉语写成符合题意的单词，并掌握形容词digital的正确拼写和用法。
5．【答案】marks
【知识点】规则变化的可数名词复数；mark
【解析】【分析】句意：这是一个特别的日子，它纪念弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔的生日。纪念mark，动词。句子描述的是客观事实，时态为一般现在时，主语"it"是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，在句中作谓语，故填marks。
【点评】考查动词。注意一般现在时中第三人称单数主语后谓语动词的变化规则。
【答案】6．Most；7．contact；8．sale；9．excellent；10．spends；11．countries；12．helpful；13．routine；14．around；15．her
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文；around；contact；country；excellent；helpful；her；most；routine；sale；spend
【解析】【分析】主要讲了14岁女孩朱正宇，多数人通过网络视频认识她，视频中她用英语帮母亲联系外国客户并做成国际销售。朱正宇是浙江宁波一名优秀的中学生，对英语感兴趣，通过听英文歌、看英文电影、随时记笔记以及和家人出国旅行等方式学习英语，她认为让学习成为日常常规很重要。在学校，她积极参加各类活动，能让身边人开心，深受老师和同学喜爱，是学校里受欢迎的女孩。整体围绕朱正宇的个人情况、学习方式以及在学校的人际关系展开。
【点评】考查单词拼写，首先根据汉语提示确定单词，然后根据前后句句意和语法确定单词正确形式，最后结合语法确定单词正确形式。
6．句意：大多数人通过网络视频认识了她。大多数most，形容词，修饰名词people，注意句首首字母大写，故填Most。
7．句意：在视频中，朱用英语帮助她妈妈联系外国客户。联系contact，实义动词，help sb. do sth.帮助某人做某事，固定搭配，所以contact用原形，故填contact。
8．句意：令她妈妈惊讶的是，她最终为她妈妈做成了一笔国际销售。出售sale，可数名词，an后面用可数名词单数，故填sale。
9．句意：朱是浙江宁波一名优秀的中学生。优秀的excellent，形容词，修饰名词student，故填excellent。
10．句意：她花时间听英文歌和看英文电影。花费spend，实义动词，时态是一般现在时，主语是单数she，所以spend用单三式spends，故填spends。
11．句意：当她有空的时候，她还和家人一起去其他国家旅行。国家country，可数名词，other修饰可数名词复数，country的复数是countries，故填countries。
12．句意：她认为这些对她学习英语是有帮助的方法。有帮助的helpful，形容词，修饰名词ways，故填helpful。
13．句意：她说："把学习变成日常常规是很重要的。"常规routine，可数名词，a后面用可数名词单数，故填routine。
14．句意：她的班主任说她能让身边的每个人都开心。在......周围around，介词，故填around。
15．句意：她所有的老师和同学都很喜欢她。like喜欢，实义动词，后面用宾格，所以"她"用宾格her，故填her。
【答案】16．a；17．safety；18．longer；19．activities；20．enjoyable；21．are provided；22．to start；23．for；24．because；25．really
【知识点】教育类；说明文；activity；because；enjoyable；for；long；really；safety
【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了在中国的一些城市，学校通过延长课间时间来让学生获得更多锻炼和户外活动时间的事情。
【点评】考查语法填空，首先理解单词词义及词性，然后根据句子的语法确定单词正确形式，最后仔细检查。
16．句意：在中国，学校通常在课间有一段十分钟的休息时间。break休息，可数名词单数，表示数量一，10（ten）以辅音音素开头，所以用a。故填a。
17．句意：有时候，出于安全考虑，学生不能外出，这就意味着他们没有足够的户外时间。safe安全的，形容词。for为介词，后接名词作宾语，所以用safe的名词safety，安全，不可数名词，故填safety。
18．句意：为了让学生有更多锻炼和呼吸新鲜空气的时间，北京、天津和青岛已经制定的休息时间比以前长五分钟。long长的，形容词原级。make...+形容词，表示让......怎么样，固定搭配，根据than可知这里要填long的比较级longer，更长的，故填longer。
19．句意：在课间，为学生组织了很多活动。activity活动，可数名词，根据many修饰可数名词复数可知 ，这里需要填activity的复数形式activities。故填activities。
20．句意：为了使课间休息更愉快，很多游戏被采用了。enjoy喜欢，实义动词。根据make sb./sth.+形容词，表示使得某人/某物怎么样，固定搭配，这里应填enjoy的形容词enjoyable，意为"愉快的"。故填enjoyable。
21．句意：书籍和桌面游戏也被提供给那些偏爱安静的活动的人。provide提供，实义动词。根据句意可知主语books and board games和provide之间是被动关系，前后句均为一般现在时，所以应填一般现在时的被动语态，结构是be+动词过去分词，主语为复数形式，所以be动词用are，provide的过去分词是provided。故填are provided。
22．句意：这些游戏很容易开始，并且在15分钟之内就能完成，这些活动帮助学生放松并且可以为下节课做准备。start开始，实义动词。be+adj.+to do sth.做某事是怎样的，固定搭配，此处应填to do不定式。故填to start。
23．句意：这些游戏很容易开始，并且在15分钟之内就能完成，这些活动帮助学生放松并且可以为下节课做准备。get ready for sth.为……做准备，固定搭配，故填for。
24．句意：这个改变对学生来说是有好处的，因为它使得孩子们的上学日更有趣，且更健康。This change is good for students这个改变对学生来说是有好处的，it makes their school day more fun and healthy它使得孩子们的上学日更有趣，且更健康，可知缺少连词，前后是因果关系，后句表示原因，所以用because，因为，连词，故填because。
25．句意：对于学校来说，这是一种很不错的关爱学生康乐的方式，同时使学校成为一个更美好的地方。real真的，形容词。这里care about为动词短语，意为"关心，在意"，需要用副词来修饰，所以应用real的副词形式really，真地，故填really。
【答案】26．for example
27．marks
28．celebrates
29．found
30．national
【知识点】表示目前存在的状态、性质或经常发生的动作或习惯；简单形容词；for example；found；mark；national
【解析】【分析】mark，动词，标记；nation，名词，国家；found，动词，成立；celebrate，动词，庆祝；for example，例如。
【点评】考查选词填空。注意理解句意，首先读一遍，然后再逐一作答，注意句型、搭配、短语及语境。
26．句意：这个男孩儿喜欢许多动物，例如老虎。句子中提到"男孩喜欢多种动物"，后面列举了"老虎"，因此需要填入表示举例的短语，for example，例如，故填for example。
27．句意：今天是特殊的一天因为它是我的生日。句子表达"这一天很特别，因为它……我的生日"，需要填入一个动词表示"标志着"或"是"。mark，动词，标志、是，用在此处符合语境，此处强调状态，句子用一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数，谓语用单三，故填marks。
28．句意：这位女士经常通过和家人吃大餐的方式庆生。根据"……her birthday by having a big dinner with her family. "及所给单词可知此处要表达庆生，celebrate，动词，庆祝，根据句中的often可知此句用一般现在时，主语woman是第三人称单数，谓语用单三，故填celebrates。
29．句意：对于这些孩子而言，在学校成立新的俱乐部不容易。根据"a new club in their school"及所给单词可知此处要表达成立俱乐部，found，动词，成立，固定搭配it is+形容词 to do，故填found。
30．句意：我们通常在操场观看升国旗。根据"watch the raising of the ……flag "可知此处要表达升国旗，nation，名词，国家，national，形容词，国家的，national flag，国旗，故填national。
【答案】31．hear from；32．telling；33．At school；34．harder；35．arrive at；36．with；37．glasses；38．asked；39．strangers；40．in
【知识点】应用文；日常活动；arrive at；at school；hear from；ask；glasses；hard；in；stranger；tell；with
【解析】【分析】主要讲了作者向玲玲（Lingling）介绍自己的近况和对即将到来的见面的期待。
hear from收到来信；stranger陌生人；ask问；hard努力；in用；glass眼镜；at school在学校；tell告诉； with带着；arrive at到达。
【点评】考查选词填空，首先识记词汇意思，然后根据语法和前后句句意确定正确答案。
31．句意：收到你的来信我非常高兴。hear from sb.收到某人的来信，固定搭配；be glad to do sth.做某事是高兴的，固定搭配，所以hear用原形，故填hear from。
32．句意：谢谢你告诉我你的事情。tell sb. about sth.告诉某人关于某事，固定搭配；for是介词，后面用动词ing，所以用telling，故填telling。
33．句意：在学校我花了很多时间尝试很多事情，比如跳舞。根据后文可知讲的是发生在学校的事情，at school在学校，固定搭配，注意句首首字母大写，故填At school。
34．句意：我为成绩不好感到难过，但我会比以前更努力地学习。work hard努力学习，固定搭配，than是比较级的标志词，hard的比较级是harder更加努力，故填harder。
35．句意：为了让你在我到达机场时快速找到我，我会给你发一张照片。airport飞机场，结合选项可知讲的是到达飞机场，arrive at到达，固定搭配，when引导的时间状语从句，从句时态是一般现在时，主语是I，所以arrive用原形，故填arrive at。
36．句意：我个子高，有一头金色的短发。I am tall我个子高，short fair hair金色的短发，结合句子可知讲的是with带有，介词，故填with。有一头金色的短发。
37．句意：我戴着一副眼镜。wear glasses戴眼镜，固定搭配，故填glasses。
38．句意：你曾经问我："你觉得来中国怎么样？"根据 "How do you feel about coming to China "可知指的是问，ask问，实义动词，once表明时态是一般过去时，ask的过去式是asked，故填asked。
39．句意：我很害羞，甚至不知道如何与陌生人交谈。talk with sb.和某人谈话，固定搭配，结合选项可知讲的是和陌生人谈话，stranger陌生人，可数名词，前面没有表示单数的a或者one，所以用复数strangers，故填strangers。
40．句意：我希望你能教我一些方法，这样我就可以在中国以正确的方式做事。in a right way用一种正确的方式，固定搭配，故填in。
【答案】41．B
42．C
43．D
44．C
【知识点】说明文；健康饮食；细节理解；推理判断；标题选择
【解析】【分析】文章大意： 本文主要讨论每天摄入五份蔬果（尤其是两份水果和三份蔬菜）的健康益处，并强调并非所有蔬果效果相同。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，推理判断题和标题选择题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。标题选择题要求通读全文，理解文章大意，选择文章标题。
41．推理判断题。 文章开头提到了一项研究，并列举了具体的数据，如five servings of fruit and vegetables a day may lower the risk of death by 13%每天吃五份水果和蔬菜可以降低13%的死亡风险，以及后续提到的100,000 men and women10万名男女，33,898 testers had died33898名测试人员死亡，等。 这些数据表明作者是通过列举数字来介绍研究的。 故选B。
42．细节理解题。根据文中第三段people who ate two servings of fruit and three servings of vegetables daily had the lowest chance of death.因此，每天吃两份水果和三份蔬菜的人死亡风险最低。 故选C。
43．推理判断题。根据文中第六段提到，But lead author Dr. Dong Wang said not all fruits and vegetables are the same. Some may cause health problems. For example, starchy (淀粉类) vegetables like corn and potatoes didn't help lower the death risk. Fruit juices were also not helpful. 但该研究的主要作者王东博士说，并非所有的水果和蔬菜都是一样的。有些可能会导致健康问题。例如，玉米和土豆等淀粉类蔬菜无助于降低死亡风险。果汁也没有帮助。可知，作者通过举例说明不同蔬果的效果不同。 故选D。
44．标题选择题。根据本文内容可知，本文主要讨论每天摄入五份蔬果（尤其是两份水果和三份蔬菜）的健康益处，并强调并非所有蔬果效果相同，所以本文的标题可以是： 日常选择：让你的盘子丰富多彩 ，故选C。
【答案】45．D
46．D
47．B
48．A
【知识点】说明文；细节理解；推理判断；代词指代；科学技术
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文介绍了区分真人脸和人工智能生成的人脸的难度越来越大的现象。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，推理判断题和代词指代题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。代词指代题的解题方法包括利用指代关系、定义、定语、文章中的举例、比较的词语、构词法知识、上下文语境、因果关系来推测代词所指代的内容。
45．代词指代题。根据第一段内容Imagine you are shown 10 photos of faces and told that half are real, and the other half are made by AI. Can you recognize (识别) the real ones just by looking 想象一下，有人给你展示了10张人脸的照片，并告诉你一半是真实的，另一半是人工智能制作的。你只看一眼就能认出真实的吗？ 可知，此处指区分真实人脸和人工智能制作的人脸远比我们想象的更具挑战性。 it指代的是区分真实人脸和人工智能制作的人脸， 故选D。
46．细节理解题。根据文中第三段 One-third of them were "super recognizers"—people who are especially skilled at remembering and recognizing faces in daily life. 其中三分之一的人是"超级识别者"——在日常生活中特别擅长记忆和识别面孔的人。 可知，"超级识别者" 尤其擅长识别面孔。 故选D。
47．细节理解题。根据文中第四段内容" 早期人工智能生成的人脸通常有明显的错误，很容易被注意到。随着人工智能技术的快速发展，它已经从数以百万计的真实面孔中学习，变得更加聪明。此外，有更好的方法使图片清晰和美丽。现在，人工智能生成的人脸看起来如此完美，以至于人们几乎无法将它们与真实的人脸区分开来。这已成为当今世界日益严峻的挑战。 "，可知，第三段提到为什么今天的人工智能面孔很难识别。 故选B。
48．推理判断题。根据前面内容Telling real faces from AI ones is becoming harder every day. "For years, we believed photos showed real people and real situations," said researcher James Dunn. 区分真实面孔和人工智能面孔正变得越来越困难。研究人员詹姆斯·邓恩说："多年来，我们一直认为照片展示的是真实的人和真实的情况。" 和此处转折But可知，此处指" 但现在当我们在网上看图片时，我们可能不再相信 "眼见为实"了"，故选A。
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