资源简介

核心素养提升UNIT 12(B卷)
第一部分　听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
(　　)1.What does the speakers’ school pay more attention to
[A]The students’ personality.
[B]The students’ grades in exams.
[C]The students’ ability to think independently.
(　　)2.What are the speakers mainly talking about
[A]Young people lose their jobs easily.
[B]Young people are too quick in making decisions.
[C]Young people seldom stay long in the same job.
(　　)3.When will the woman leave for the airport
[A]At 8 p.m. [B]At 9 p.m.
[C]At 10 p.m.
(　　)4.How did the man come to meet the woman
[A]On foot. [B]By bike.
[C]By bus.
(　　)5.What does the man advise the woman to do
[A]Take good care of the watch.
[B]Buy a new watch.
[C]Mend the watch elsewhere.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
　　听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
(　　)6.Where did the man probably get his fish
[A]From the fish market.
[B]From the grocery store.
[C]From a lake.
(　　)7.What will the woman have next
[A]Coffee. [B]Ice cream.
[C]Apple pies.
　　听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。
(　　)8.What will the speakers do with most of the large furniture
[A]Move it upstairs.
[B]Put it in the garage.
[C]Store it in an empty house.
(　　)9.Where will the speakers stay during the repairs
[A]In a hotel.
[B]At the place of the woman’s parents.
[C]In the basement suite.
　　听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。
(　　)10.How long did the man live in Turkey
[A]One year. [B]Two years.
[C]Three years.
(　　)11.How did the man make himself understood
[A]By speaking slowly.
[B]By making gestures.
[C]By asking questions.
(　　)12.What trouble does the woman have in learning a language
[A]She can’t speak fluently.
[B]She doesn’t know the basic words.
[C]She can’t understand what people say.
　　听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。
(　　)13.Who painted the pictures on the wall
[A]The man.
[B]The college professor.
[C]The great painters.
(　　)14.How long has Jack been painting
[A]For ten years.
[B]For two years.
[C]For one year.
(　　)15.What does the woman like
[A]Drawing. [B]Painting.
[C]Writing.
(　　)16.What will the speakers do tomorrow
[A]Design something.
[B]Take college class.
[C]Share the works.
　　听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。
(　　)17.What is the speaker doing
[A]Hosting a show.
[B]Giving a presentation.
[C]Broadcasting an advertisement.
(　　)18.How soon will Christmas Eve be here
[A]In one day. [B]In two days.
[C]In three days.
(　　)19.What would men most likely prefer
[A]An iPhone.
[B]A basketball magazine.
[C]A ticket to a show.
(　　)20.Which item do women like the least of all the choices
[A]Jewelry. [B]Perfume.
[C]Clothing.
第二部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C 和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
Sometimes it takes a work of art to give the inspiration for advances in science.For example,Elon Musk’s dream of humans living on other planets was first inspired by a space-themed movie.Jeff Bezos,a massive fan of the space television series,founded his very own space company.Let’s explore some of the technologies from science fiction that have been brought to life.
Remote Control
Frank Herbert’s 1965 novel Dune features a small flying robot device that is piloted remotely,one of the earliest appearances of drones in science fiction.With the first permit for commercial drone use in the USA given in 2006,drones became a reality,and can now be found taking on multiple roles in photography,farming and military.
From Thin Air
The television show may inspire science.One of the most unexpected examples may be the 3D printer.In the programme,a device can create any object desired within a matter of seconds.Researchers at the University of California,Berkeley,the USA,developed a 3D printer in 2019 that shapes objects using rays of light.The device uses light to alter the density of resin (树脂),changing the material from a liquid to a solid in order to shape the desired object.
Starting the Heart
Earl Bakken,the inventor of the pacemaker (心脏起搏器),a device placed into the chest that helps the heart to pump blood using small electrical impulses,was inspired by the 1931 movie adaptation of a book.Defibrillators (除颤仪),which restart the heart with an electrical current after a cardiac arrest (心脏停搏),also resemble the electric shock that gave the monster life.
(　　)21.Whose work inspired science
[A]Elon Musk’s.
[B]Jeff Bezos’s.
[C]Frank Herbert’s.
[D]Earl Bakken’s.
(　　)22.Which of the following can create new things from “nowhere”
[A]Drones. [B]3D printers.
[C]Pacemakers. [D]Defibrillators.
(　　)23.Which can be summarised from the passage
[A]Technology flies out of our imagination.
[B]Science fiction thinks big.
[C]Imagination leads to advanced civilisation.
[D]Scientific development relies on technology.
B
Engineering researchers at the University of Waterloo are successfully using a robot to help keep children with learning disabilities focused on their work.This was one of the key results in a new study that also found both the youngsters and their instructors valued the positive classroom contributions made by the robot.
“Overall,the findings demonstrate that the robot has a positive effect on students,”said Dr.Kerstin Dautenhahn,a professor of electrical and computer engineering.
Educators have in recent years explored the use of social robots to help students learn,but most often,their research has focused on children with autism (孤独症).As a result,little work has been done on the use of socially assistive robots for students with learning disabilities.
Along with two other Waterloo engineering researchers and three experts from the Learning Disabilities Society in Vancouver,Dautenhahn decided to change this,conducting a series of tests with a small humanoid (仿人的) robot called QTrobot.
Dautenhahn said the robot’s ability to perform gestures using its head and hands,
accompanied by its speech and facial features,makes it very suitable for children with learning disabilities.
Building on promising earlier research,the researchers divided 16 students with learning disabilities into two groups.In one group,students worked one-on-one with an instructor only.In the other group,the students worked one-on-one with an instructor and a QTrobot.In the latter group,the instructor used a tablet to direct the robot,which then autonomously performed various activities using its speech and gestures.While the instructor controlled the sessions,the robot took over at certain times to lead the students.
Besides introducing the session,the robot set goals and provided self-regulating strategies,if necessary.If the learning process was getting off-track,the robot used strategies such as games,riddles and physical movements to redirect the students back to the task.
“Students who worked with the robot,”Dautenhahn said,“were generally more engaged with their tasks and could complete their tasks at a higher rate compared to the students who weren’t assisted by a robot.”
(　　)24.What can we know about Dautenhahn’s research
[A]It seeks to provide a treatment for autism.
[B]It attempts to replace teachers with robots in teaching.
[C]It intends to educate students to be creative and productive.
[D]It studies the effects of robots on students with learning disabilities.
(　　)25.What is the sixth paragraph mainly about
[A]The role the robot played.
[B]The process of the research.
[C]The outcomes of the two groups.
[D]The range of the participants involved.
(　　)26.How did the QTrobot help distracted students concentrate in class
[A]It warned the students directly by speech.
[B]It assigned tasks for the students to complete.
[C]It informed the instructor to intervene in the learning process.
[D]It attracted the students’ attention through interesting activities.
(　　)27.What does Dautenhahn’s research imply
[A]Robots promote students’ academic performance greatly.
[B]There is great potential for using robots in the education system.
[C]Teachers are defeated by robots when it comes to motivating students.
[D]Students are becoming more independent with the assistance of robots.
C
You are just waking up in the spring of 2050.Your Internet of Things bedroom opens solar-powered e-windows and plays gentle music while your smart lighting displays a montage (蒙太奇) of beachfront sunrises from your recent vacation.
Your shower uses very little water or soap.It recycles your grey water and puts the extra heat back into your home’s integrated operating system.While you dress,your artificial intelligence (AI) assistant shares your schedule for the day and plays your favourite tunes.
You still start your day with coffee but it comes from your IoT refrigerator which is capable of providing a coffeehouse experience in your home.A hot breakfast tailored to your specific nutritional needs (based on chemical analysis from your trips to the “smart toilet”) is waiting for you in the kitchen.
When it’s time to leave,an on-demand transport system has three cars waiting for you,
your spouse and your kids.On the road,driverless cars and trucks move with mathematical precision,without traffic jams.Accident rates are near zero.
On the way,you call your R&D team,who are wrapping up a day’s work in Shanghai.
Your life-sized image will be projected,which makes your colleagues see you as if you were sitting with them.It’s a bit surreal (超现实的) for them to see you in the morning light given that it’s dark on The Bund,Shanghai’s waterfront,though the novelty fades after a few uses.
You review the day’s cloud-based data from your Shenzhen manufacturing centre,your pilot project in San Diego,and your QA team in Melbourne.The massive datasets are collected in real time from every piece of equipment and have been beautifully summarised by your company’s AI.All these facilities are closely maintained and operated via a skilled predictive analytics platform.Pleased with the team’s progress,you end the call and ease into a good book.This is the future and it will be here sooner than you think.
(　　)28.What will happen when you dress yourself according to the text
[A]Your schedule is sent to your boss.
[B]Your bedroom opens quickly.
[C]Your favourite tunes are played.
[D]Your coffee is ordered and served.
(　　)29.What does the underlined word “tailored” in Paragraph 3 mean
[A]Made specially.
[B]Mixed similarly.
[C]Produced in advance.
[D]Invented traditionally.
(　　)30.Why can your colleagues see you as if you were sitting face to face though you are at home
[A]Because the team makes progress.
[B]Because your images are wrapped up.
[C]Because you did it ahead of time.
[D]Because your life-sized picture is projected.
(　　)31.What is the text mainly talking about
[A]Why we need AI assistants.
[B]What life will be like in 2050.
[C]How we find meaningful work in the future.
[D]How AI helps you lead an important life.
D
Imagine if it were easy for everyone to get to the seashore,to smell the sea winds and to feel seawater on their skin.Wouldn’t it be great if people with walking difficulty could also get closer to the ocean to enjoy the thrill of a sunset,watching the sun’s rays light up the waves The good news is that things are moving in the right direction!
In a CDC study,around 14% of adults in the US report a mobility disability,defined as serious difficulty in walking or climbing stairs.This can make vacation planning a challenge and put some destinations off-limits.But technology companies like Mobi-mat are making a day at the beach for people with limited mobility a reality.
Mobi-mat has developed some exciting innovations like non-slip roll-out accessibility mats (垫子).These function like red carpets at movie premieres(首映),taking people with special needs right to the seashore.They are made of a fine nylon material that is designed for people who use wheelchairs or may otherwise need a firmer surface to cross the sand.
More cities are working to make enjoyment of the beach much more wide-ranging in other creative ways based on regional conditions.The town of Jupiter in Florida has opened up access to its beaches to people who have trouble going up and down stairs via three new wide wooden walkways.The Miami Herald reported on the upcoming construction of a wheelchair-accessible beachfront observation platform,and upgraded park with adaptive playground and exercise equipment for people with disabilities in Miami Beach.
Inspired by creative innovation,forward-looking policymakers and companies,and the shared demands of disabled people who are calling for better access to beautiful beach locations,it seems that many more people of all abilities will be able to head to the beach.
(　　)32.What is the good news mentioned in Paragraph 1
[A]The seashore becomes the hottest destination.
[B]The ocean environment changes for the better.
[C]Beaches are more accessible to the disabled.
[D]Approaching the sea benefits disabled people.
(　　)33.What can we learn about the mat from Mobi-mat
[A]It offers a firm surface.
[B]It originates from movies.
[C]It replaces wheelchairs.
[D]It functions beneath the sand.
故选A。
(　　)34.What can be inferred about the measures in Jupiter and Miami
[A]They’re well behind schedule.
[B]They centre on ocean protection.
[C]They need to be more creative.
[D]They’re tailored to local conditions.
(　　)35.What is the purpose of this text
[A]To introduce a friendly move.
[B]To recommend a treatment.
[C]To advertise beautiful beaches.
[D]To report findings of a study.
故选A。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Have parents ever wondered how they can encourage the children to practise their English 36.　　　.
Be enthusiastic and involved
Be enthusiastic about the language itself.If children see their parents reading,watching films and speaking in English,they will be inspired to do the same.Actively be involved in the children’s English learning experiences,rather than expect them to study on their own.Give the children lots of praise,encouragement and support.37.　　　.
Make learning fun and enjoyable
38.　　　.Try to incorporate an element of fun into activities.Children naturally like to play and love games for practising speaking and learning new vocabulary or grammar.Use the children’s sense of competition as a motivator.For example,the child who uses his or her first language least during the game is allowed to choose the next game.
39.　　
Think about the children’s personalities,interests and things that they like when suggesting ways for them to practise English.Very active children may like to play action games,but quieter children may prefer word games or card games.
Support the children’s schoolwork
Children are often reluctant (不情愿的) to do their homework or study for school tests.Establish a regular homework routine,allowing the children some choices in what time and where they study.40.　　　.Praise your children for any effort they make,rather than criticise or threaten them.
A.Share the experience
B.Here are four tips for success
C.Follow the children’s personalities and interests
D.It will increase their self-confidence and motivation
E.Provide help,and try to be supportive and encouraging
F.Children love role-play and using their own imagination
G.Learning a language should be an enjoyable and rewarding experience
第三部分　语言运用(共两节,满分 30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Back in 2017,Kofi Thomas heard about an empty lot in his Brooklyn neighbourhood that had become an eyesore (碍眼的东西).Somehow,it had been 　41　.Instead of a narrow,
weedy plot of land,Kofi saw the lot as an opportunity to 　42　 his vision.
Kofi　43　 to create a garden for his community.After going through red tape and working late hours to get 　44　,he was given access to 13,000 feet of sunny land in the middle of Bushwick.
Kofi and some friends and volunteers set out to　45　 a decade’s worth of garbage,
broken glass,and fallen trees over several months.After hauling in (拉进) 10 tons of soil,they were finally 　46　 to plant.
The Good Life Garden　47　 to the locals in April 2018.It has since become a green space that 　48　 people from all generations to seed,harvest,and eat the food produced by the lot.Kids from nearby schools have learnt both how to garden there and more about 　49　 living.Kofi has also made sure the elders in the community get involved by 　50　 a part of the garden for them.Now there are more than 30 older gardeners who regularly garden and share the 　51　 they’ve picked up from all over the world.
Part of the Good Life Garden’s purpose is to share fresh vegetables with neighbours.They
　52　 donate to local women’s shelters and other community groups.To date,they’ve 　53　 over 10,000 pounds of fresh food!
The garden has become a place for all to　54　 and share.They frequently host art festivals and community picnics to 　55　 diversity and creativity.Every city neighbourhood should have a green space like this one!
[文章脉络]
Kofi saw the empty lot as an opportunity to achieve his vision.
Kofi hoped to create a garden for his community.
It has become a green space that welcomes people from all generations.
Part of the Good Life Garden’s purpose is to share fresh vegetables with neighbours.
The garden has become a place for all to gather and share.
(　　)41.[A]reported [B]discovered
[C]occupied [D]forgotten
(　　)42.[A]achieve [B]correct
[C]describe [D]control
(　　)43.[A]pretended [B]regretted
[C]agreed [D]hoped
(　　)44.[A]promotion [B]approval
[C]experience [D]praise
(　　)45.[A]observe [B]compare
[C]clear [D]export
(　　)46.[A]eager [B]likely
[C]ready [D]afraid
(　　)47.[A]opened [B]appealed
[C]contributed [D]belonged
(　　)48.[A]defends [B]challenges
[C]requires [D]welcomes
(　　)49.[A]future [B]comfortable
[C]modern [D]sustainable
(　　)50.[A]reserving [B]recommending
[C]exchanging [D]checking
(　　)51.[A]language [B]fortune
[C]knowledge [D]signal
(　　)52.[A]rarely [B]secretly
[C]routinely [D]suddenly
(　　)53.[A]depended on [B]sent out
[C]thrown away [D]searched for
(　　)54.[A]gather [B]travel
[C]hide [D]shop
(　　)55.[A]reduce [B]handle
[C]provide [D]celebrate
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
At the beginning of the 21st century,slow and often uncomfortable trains struggled wildly across China,with low average speeds making 56.　　 　　 (journey) such as Shanghai-Beijing a test of endurance.
Since 2008 China’s high-speed rail industry has evolved rapidly and built the world’s longest network,symbolising the 57.　　　　 (country) economic power and increasing prosperity.The network 58.　　　　 (expect) to double in length again,to 70,000 kilometres,
by 2035.In addition,the Chinese have created a 59.　　　　 (total) different picture of high-speed rail network,60.　　　　 often proves faster and more reliable than Chinese domestic flights.
Not satisfied with pushing the boundaries of speed and civil engineering,Chinese companies are among the first in the world 61.　　　　 (introduce) new technology such as autonomous train operation and advanced signaling.Although its trains are 62.　　　　 the world’s fastest,China is still spending billions of dollars on maglev (磁悬浮列车).Hopefully,it won’t be long 63.　　　　 China operates passenger services well beyond the current limits of steel wheels.
64.　　　　 (take) a typically realistic approach to raising the speed of land transport,
China sees maglev as 65.　　　　 better option for bridging the gap between rail and air on long distance routes.
第四部分　写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假设你是李华, 为了响应国家“了解中国科技发展的伟大成就, 坚定文化自信”的号召, 你校计划举办一场主题为“What Makes a Great Scientist ”的演讲比赛, 请你写一篇英语演讲稿参赛。内容包括:
1.列举一位伟大的科学家;
2.伟大的原因;
3.你的感想。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
[写作指导]
　　One possible version:
Ladies and gentlemen,
I’m Li Hua.It’s my honour to make a speech with the title of “What Makes a Great Scientist ”
Everyone has an idol. Mine is Qian Xuesen, who is known as the father of China’s aerospace. Personally, he is a pioneer who is determined to pursue his dreams. More importantly, he is patriotic and served our country with the spirit of hard work and selfless dedication.All of these make him a great scientist.
Undoubtedly, as the successor of socialism,a teenager should learn and pass on his scientific spirits as well as his perseverance in the face of frustrations.
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I was twelve,our family moved to a new neighbourhood where our neighbours were Mr and Mrs Green,who lived down the street with their two little preschool girls.Our family often visited the Greens during holidays and most of the time we visited them during the day.Sometimes we would even gather together and give gifts to each other.I would also volunteer to take care of their two lovely children from time to time.One day Mrs Green asked if I could stay with her daughters in the evening,promising she and her husband would be home by ten pm. I readily agreed.
At four o’clock,I knocked on the Greens’ front door,greeted the kids,and received detailed instructions from their mother.A few minutes later,the girls and I were alone.We played hide-and-seek,did some finger painting together,and I fixed them scrambled eggs (炒鸡蛋) and pieces of toast for dinner.Then,at about eight pm,I gathered the two kids beside me on the sofa and began to read them a story.
I heard a soft click,as if the front door had been opened,and I stopped.“Go on,” said Melanie,the four-year-old.“Keep reading.” “Wait.” I put my finger to my lips,“I thought I heard someone come in.” I heard the click again,and the lamp beside me was switched on.All three of us jumped.Then the drapes (帘子) closed across the big window.
I screamed,put a little girl under each of my arms,and ran upstairs to the bathroom.As I locked the door behind us,I heard music begin to play from a radio somewhere downstairs.The girls clutched (紧紧抱住) each other in fear as I calmed them down,saying,“There’s a bad guy in the house.You have to be perfectly quiet.”
The three of us sat on the floor,ears pressed to the wooden door,listening.Even two-year-old Tricia was very quiet.For two hours we listened to the music playing,but we never heard another sound.No footsteps,no creaking (嘎吱作响的) doors,or breaking of china.Definitely no one walked up the stairs.
注意:续写词数应为 150 个左右。
Paragraph 1:
Then the front door opened with a bang and we all jumped.
Paragraph 2:
Mr Green explained he had bought a smart home device.
[情节构建]
情节线 情感线
速读文章定要素 Who I,Mr and Mrs Green,their two little girls—Melanie and Tricia 疑惑 惊恐、 害怕 吃惊 开心
When At eight o’clock in the evening
Where At the Greens’ home
What Two little girls and I were frightened by the sudden clicks and scenes of a lamp automatically switched on,drapes closing ...And we thought that there was a bad guy in the house.
明确冲突定主题 Conflict & Clue Conflict:There seemed to be “a bad guy” in the house,operating the lamp,drapes and radio,but no strange person appeared. Clue:I heard the click again,and the lamp beside me was switched on.Then the drapes closed across the big window.I heard music begin to play from a radio somewhere downstairs.Definitely no one walked up the stairs.
Theme The magic and power of technology
预设问题定走向 Para.1 Then the front door opened with a bang and we all jumped. Q1:Why did the front door open Q2:What would they do next to figure out what’s going on Q3:What might be their psychological changes
Para.2 Mr Green explained he had bought a smart home device. Q1:How would Mr Green explain what had happened Q2:What else would Mr and Mrs Green do after explaining Q3:What could the author gain from this experience
　　One possible version:
Then the front door opened with a bang and we all jumped. Both girls leaped into my arms and the three of us trembled until we heard Mrs Green call,“Peggy Where are you ” Melanie,Tricia and I burst out of the bathroom and ran downstairs.The girls threw themselves against their astonished parents’ legs,talking about “a bad guy in the house”. In the middle of my explanation,Mr and Mrs Green exchanged a look and began laughing.
Mr Green explained he had bought a smart home device. It could close the electric drapes and turn on a light and a radio at sunset at night when they went out.“I guess I just switched it on automatically when we left tonight. In all honesty,I don’t even remember doing it,” he explained.“Wow,that’s amazing!” I couldn’t help exclaiming.Hearing what I said,he apologised to me and invited me to stay at their house for the night. “Really,that would be great,” I replied.With the consent of my parents,I slept at their house for one night.During that night,I not only had the opportunity to get to know my neighbours better,but also experienced the wonders of technology and gained a deeper understanding of the power of technology.核心素养提升UNIT 12(A卷)
第一部分　听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
(　　)1.What does the man want to do
[A]Watch films.
[B]Visit his brother.
[C]Have dinner with the woman.
(　　)2.What is the woman doing now
[A]Baking cookies.
[B]Making a list.
[C]Shopping for groceries.
(　　)3.When will Mr.Morgan be here
[A]At 4:00 pm.
[B]At 5:00 pm.
[C]At 6:00 pm.
(　　)4.How has the bar changed
[A]It is cleaner.
[B]It has new owners.
[C]It doesn’t serve sunflower seeds.
(　　)5.What was making the noise
[A]The tires. [B]The brakes.
[C]The chains.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
　　听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
(　　)6.How much will the woman pay
[A]$15. [B]$20.
[C]$35.
(　　)7.Where does the conversation take place
[A]At a school.
[B]At a cafe.
[C]At a kids’ centre.
　　听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。
(　　)8.What does the woman plan to do
[A]Meet her wedding organiser.
[B]Have a business meeting.
[C]Rent an apartment.
(　　)9.How late will the woman be for her appointment
[A]At least fifteen minutes.
[B]Ten minutes.
[C]Five minutes.
　　听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。
(　　)10.What does the woman advise the man to do during the TV ad time
[A]Enjoy the advertisements.
[B]Make a cup of tea.
[C]Change the channel.
(　　)11.What is the woman’s opinion about the advertisements
[A]They are useless.
[B]They are boring.
[C]They are interesting.
(　　)12.Why can’t the man stand the advertisements
[A]Because they are too long.
[B]Because they are repeated so often.
[C]Because they lack imagination.
　　听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。
(　　)13.How many people are coming to the speakers’ home
[A]One. [B]Two.
[C]Three.
(　　)14.How will the visitor(s) come
[A]By train. [B]By sea.
[C]By air.
(　　)15.How long will the visitor(s) stay in the speakers’ home
[A]About a week.
[B]About a month.
[C]Till the end of the vacation.
(　　)16.What can we know from the conversation
[A]The boy’s mother will go to Florida with him.
[B]The boy’s mother won’t allow him to go to Florida.
[C]The boy is going to do his homework at Aunt Helen’s home.
　　听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。
(　　)17.What sport did the speaker like best in Queenstown
[A]Swimming in the sea.
[B]Bungee jumping.
[C]Mountain climbing.
(　　)18.How did the speaker feel when he was on the platform
[A]Very frightened.
[B]Very excited.
[C]Very calm.
(　　)19.Where does the speaker come from
[A]The United States.
[B]New Zealand.
[C]Japan.
(　　)20.What did the speaker think of hanging in the sky upside down
[A]Exciting.
[B]Uncomfortable.
[C]Interesting.
第二部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C 和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
The advancement of human civilisation is possible just because of enormous contributions made by scientists.They are some of the most influential people of today’s world.With practical advantages in engineering,medicine and technology,they have helped us to grow better understanding about the world and different working phenomenon that governs us.Their names are remembered in the sands of time for their work in the welfare of mankind with different inventions that have made our modern lives easy.Here is a list of the four great scientists we’ve ever seen who changed the world.
Louis Pasteur (1822—1895)
Pasteur contributed greatly towards the advancement of medical sciences developing cures for rabies(狂犬病),anthrax and other infectious diseases.He also invented the process of pasteurisation(巴氏杀菌) to make milk safer to drink.He probably saved more lives than any other person.
Otto Hahn (1879—1968)
Hahn was a German chemist who discovered nuclear fission(裂变) in 1939.He was a pioneering scientist in the field of radio-chemistry,and discovered radioactive elements in 1921.He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1944.
Nikola Tesla (1856—1943)
Tesla worked on electromagnetism and AC current.He obtained around 300 patents worldwide for his inventions from electricity to radio transmission,but many inventions developed by Tesla were not put into patent protection.He played a key role in the development of modern electricity.
James Clerk Maxwell (1831—1879)
Maxwell made great progress in understanding electromagnetism.His research in electricity and kinetics laid the foundation for quantum(量子) physics.Einstein said of Maxwell,“The work of James Clerk Maxwell changed the world forever.”
(　　)21.What contribution did Louis Pasteur make to society
[A]The development of medicine.
[B]Radio-chemistry.
[C]Modern electricity.
[D]Quantum physics.
故选A。
(　　)22.Who was thought highly of by Einstein
[A]Louis Pasteur.
[B]Otto Hahn.
[C]Nikola Tesla.
[D]James Clerk Maxwell.
(　　)23.What can we infer about the four people
[A]They are medical pioneers.
[B]They are Nobel Prize winners.
[C]They are great contributors to society.
[D]They are founders of modern physics.
B
As a kid in Rochester,I sent an evening newspaper,The Times Union,with a friend.We had two routes.Once when my friend went on a trip with his family,I had my two younger brothers help me.We developed a system.We put the papers in a wheelbarrow which I’d push up the street as fast as I could.They’d take the papers and run them to people’s doorsteps.We could do the whole route in 20 minutes.
When I look back,I realise I’ve asked myself three questions about each job I’ve taken: Is it interesting Will I learn a lot Who will I work for At 22,I had to design my own programme,from choosing the textbook to planning the course outline.
After graduation in 1983,I got a job as a market analyst at Chase Manhattan Bank.In 1986,a friend told me about a job as an investment specialist at Vanguard.I knew nothing about Vanguard.I took an interview with about 20 people there,and it was clear to me I was not the best for the position.But Jack Brennan,who was then the CFO (he later became CEO),
talked about his idea and Midwestern values.It was a completely different point of view compared with what I had found in New York.I hoped that the Vanguard people would offer me the job,and they did.
When you accept a new job,timing can be everything.I’ve been the CEO since August last year.I’ve been part of the leadership team for almost 23 years.Before I took Jack’s place,I was the managing director.What has surprised me most about my present position is that time management skills are even more important than before.
(　　)24.What do we know about the writer’s childhood
[A]He developed a system with his friend.
[B]The system did little good to his work.
[C]He worked as a newspaper delivery boy.
[D]His friend moved to another city with his family.
(　　)25.How do you think of the writer
[A]Creative and self-administered.
[B]Determined and wealthy.
[C]Warm-hearted and innocent.
[D]Different and ambitious.
(　　)26.Why did the writer hope he could be employed by Vanguard
[A]Because he was the best for the position.
[B]Because he was just out of work from the bank.
[C]Because the company was not far from his house.
[D]Because Jack Brennan’s idea and values interested him.
(　　)27.What is the passage mainly about
[A]The benefit of never losing hope.
[B]The importance of time management.
[C]The author’s career planning experience.
[D]The reason why the author wanted to be a CEO.
C
Rich variety exists in primates(灵长目动物).Monkeys roll on snowy Japanese mountains,
gorillas chew fruit on Sumatra,lemurs jump between trees in Madagascar,and the naked apes—humans—walk proudly on two legs worldwide.Scientists can now study the DNA differences beyond that diversity,thanks to a databank of genomes(基因组) from 233 species.
To understand the good and bad of human evolution—both our extraordinary adaptations and disease-causing changes—scientists must compare the genomes of Homo sapiens (智人) to our closest evolutionary relatives,the primates.But researchers investigating diverse topics,from contemporary genetic diseases to human origins,have long faced a roadblock when pursuing this approach: While genomic data exist from millions of people,most of the 500-plus primate species never had their genomes read.So,in 2019,Tomàs Marquès-Bonet at the Institute of Evolutionary Biology,in Barcelona,Spain,and other biologists teamed up with disease researchers at a technologically advanced company,determined to obtain as many primate genomes as possible.
With the permission of local laws,the international researchers obtained hundreds of blood samples from wild and caged animals in South America,Africa,and Asia.Arranging DNA from these samples and adding data from previous studies,the team built a bank of 809 genomes from individual baboons,gorillas,gibbons,and more,representing nearly half the known primate species.
The data revealed insights about human origins and health,as well as primate conservation,published by more than 100 scientists across 10 papers in Science and Science Advances in June 2023.One study trained artificial intelligence to search human genomes for DNA differences likely to cause disease,based on whether nonhuman primates can live with those variants.According to Marquès-Bonet,“We now have a really good list of the foundations of our species” and “a good idea of the kind of variations that are tolerated in any primate”—including humans.
(　　)28.What can we learn from Paragraph 1
[A]Primates vary mainly in habitats.
[B]Scientists focus on the diversity of primates.
[C]There are 233 species of primates in the world.
[D]Primate genomes are important for studying the DNA differences.
(　　)29.Why did the scientists build the databank of genomes
[A]To understand the strength and drawback of human evolution.
[B]To help humans adapt to the environment.
[C]To investigate the process of human evolution.
[D]To cure humans’ various genetic diseases.
(　　)30.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
[A]The reasons for building the databank.
[B]The process of building the databank.
[C]The impacts of building the databank.
[D]The difficulties in building the databank.
(　　)31.What does Marquès-Bonet think of the databank
[A]It still needs to be improved.
[B]It is of great value to future research.
[C]It is of little help to future research.
[D]It is unclear whether it’s of help to future research.
D
He Zehui,a Chinese nuclear physicist,accomplished great things in physics and became an outstanding scientist.
Her family is famous for producing three famous women scientists,including her two sisters.She graduated from Tsinghua University in 1936 with a degree in physics,and then went on to study at the Technical University of Berlin,where she was the top in her class,
outperforming her future husband Qian Sanqiang—China’s “father of the atomic bomb”.In 1940,she earned a PhD in Engineering.
The couple made great discoveries in the field of uranium fission(铀核裂变),which drew global attention and earned them worldwide reputations,also marking a milestone in the development of China’s experimental fission physics.Many Western media called the couple the “Marie Curie and Pierre Curie of China”.
As one of the pioneers in nuclear science and technology in China,He contributed a great deal to nuclear physics.During the 1950s,she started the research and development of nuclear emulsions(核乳胶) in China and their research reached the advanced world level at that time.He and her research group took the lead in building China’s first nuclear reactor and accelerator.She was awarded the first Award of the National Prize of Natural Sciences for making outstanding achievements in supporting the national programme of nuclear weapon development.
Throughout her career,He conquered many obstacles,and was always on the front lines of China’s science-related work.She published dozens of papers yet placed little value on personal fame.The world’s top physicists recognised He as a famous scientist,“Chinese Marie Curie”.
He passed away in Beijing in 2011 at the age of 97,nearly 20 years after Qian Sanqiang.
She dedicated herself to science,living a simple life,always nurturing young researchers and maintaining the highest standards that she had always valued.She loved her country and science; to both she is now an icon.
(　　)32.What is the focus of Paragraph 2 about He Zehui
[A]Identity background.
[B]Character personalities.
[C]Education experiences.
[D]Profession competence.
(　　)33.What do we know about Qian Sanqiang
[A]He died following his wife in 1991.
[B]He won the first Award of the National Prize of Natural Sciences.
[C]He assisted He Zehui to develop fission physics.
[D]He is also a remarkable Chinese scientist.
(　　)34.Why is He Zehui acknowledged as the “Chinese Marie Curie”
[A]For her great contributions to nuclear physics.
[B]For her accomplishment in the atomic bomb.
[C]For her continuous achievement in natural science.
[D]For her research of nuclear emulsions.
(　　)35.How can we fittingly describe He Zehui
[A]Ambitious,talented,conservative and determined.
[B]Unselfish,patriotic,indifferent to fame and devoted to science.
[C]Aggressive,imaginative,strong in mind and kind in heart.
[D]Knowledgeable,awesome,creative and sociable.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Albert Einstein was born in Ulm,Germany on 14 March,1879.36.　　　 Einstein was so smart that at age 16 he wrote his first paper.However,Einstein did badly at school.37.　　 　
He ended up at college in Switzerland.His grades meant it was difficult to get a job after college,but a friend found him work finally.
Albert had a great year in 1905,publishing (发表) four scientific papers!38.　　　 One of the things he researched was that energy and mass (质量) are different forms of the same thing.This was explained by his famous equation E=mc2.In 1909 Albert was finally made a professor at the University of Zurich.He continued improving his work,and in 1916 he published his theory of general relativity (广义相对论).
In 1919,one of Albert’s theories was proved,making him the most famous scientist alive!
39.　　　 His work changed the way we think about time and space,and also helped with developments like the television.
40.　 　　 And in 1933,Albert decided to stay in the USA forever.He became an American in 1940.Sadly,Einstein’s work with atoms (原子) led to the invention of the atomic bomb.Albert spent the rest of his life taking part in activities for world peace.He died in 1955.
A.Albert spent lots of time in America.
B.Einstein loved to use his imagination.
C.His work turned modern physics on its head.
D.Even as an adult,Einstein was disorganised.
E.As a child,he enjoyed solving maths problems.
F.And he won the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics.
G.One teacher even said he’d never achieve anything!
第三部分　语言运用(共两节,满分 30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I used to be fit.But　41　 a mounting list of injuries,the most active workout I do these days is　42　 in front of the TV.But when I　43　 a big European study on the benefits of chair yoga (瑜伽) in the newspaper,I decided to try it.Chair yoga　44　 poses like twists (转动) and bends that are changed to be done while sitting on a chair.
I choose a chair yoga video on a podcast website.The 10-minute　45　 is a combination of slow movements every day.In each　46　 my body remembers all that yoga I used to do 15 years ago.That isn’t to　47　 it’s not challenging.And　48　 I probably couldn’t get through a regular yoga class anymore,this way I still get to experience some of the sense of focus and　49　 of being in that yoga “flow”.Because it’s not too high　50　 I can even do it in that　51　 dead time in the evenings when I’m too tired to work but I can’t settle into a TV show because my kid isn’t in bed yet.
Chair yoga probably isn’t going to turn me into a　52　 gym girl,but I notice that my neck and shoulders—　53　 sore (疼痛的) from staring at a computer—become less tight,
and it’s also useful for helping my 　54　.It’s almost like mentally changing the channel—even for such a short period of time.It 　55　 my brain—from a state of great anger to one of just breathing.I’ll take it.
改善。
[文章脉络]
When I came across a big European study on the benefits of chair yoga,I decided to try it.
I choose a chair yoga video on a podcast website.
I experienced some of the sense of focus and accomplishment of being in that yoga “flow”.
Chair yoga helps my neck and shoulders become less tight,and it’s also useful for helping my mood.
(　　)41.[A]apart from [B]instead of
[C]as for [D]thanks to
(　　)42.[A]sleeping [B]jogging
[C]lying [D]stretching
(　　)43.[A]carried out [B]came across
[C]began with [D]turned to
(　　)44.[A]involves [B]indicates
[C]performs [D]handles
(　　)45.[A]challenge [B]effect
[C]routine [D]treatment
(　　)46.[A]position [B]matter
[C]method [D]habit
(　　)47.[A]announce [B]say
[C]mention [D]expect
(　　)48.[A]while [B]before
[C]since [D]if
(　　)49.[A]belonging
[B]possession
[C]accomplishment
[D]safety
(　　)50.[A]operation [B]energy
[C]show [D]focus
(　　)51.[A]amazing [B]frightening
[C]puzzling [D]annoying
(　　)52.[A]stone-hearted [B]fresh-faced
[C]single-minded [D]good-shaped
(　　)53.[A]constantly [B]rarely
[C]suddenly [D]merely
(　　)54.[A]situation [B]behaviour
[C]mood [D]brain
(　　)55.[A]affects [B]resets
[C]controls [D]defends
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science
56.　　　　Qian Xuesen.Born in Shanghai in 1911,Qian went to the United States for further studies in 1935.Soon as a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology,he and his colleagues 57.　　　　(found) the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the 1940s,now one of NASA’s leading space-exploration centres.
58.　　　　 (overcome) many difficulties in the US,Qian eventually returned to China in 1955.He received a 59.　　　　(hero) welcome from his homeland.At that time,in poor China,its rocket science was undeveloped—No majors in rocket science;No talents;No experts.Nevertheless,Qian didn’t let that discourage him from taking 60.　　　　 the challenge.His reply to “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles ” was a 61.　　　 　
(determine) “Why not We Chinese are able to make the same things 62.　　　　 other people make.”
Under Qian’s leadership,China developed the Dongfeng missiles and launched its first man-made satellite.Even much of the technology behind the Shenzhou spacecraft can also
63.　　　　 (trace) back to Qian’s research,so he earned the name of “the father of China’s aerospace”.
Qian was extremely knowledgeable,especially in the area of frontier science research.
However,64.　　　　 might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things,such as music and drawing.His deep appreciation for art often gave him 65.　 　　　 (inspire) in his scientific research.
On 31 October 2009,the whole country was saddened by Qian’s death,and people honoured and remembered him in different ways.
第四部分　写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假设你是李华,你的外国笔友John来信说,他在自学汉语时,发现汉语的发音很难掌握。请你给他回信,内容包括:
1.表示理解;
2.提出建议。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear John,
Yours,
Li Hua
[写作指导]
　　One possible version:
Dear John,
Knowing that you have trouble learning the Chinese pronunciation,I think it doesn’t matter.After all,it’s difficult for foreigners to grasp it.However,some practical approaches are of great help.
Obviously,it is highly recommended to refer to Xinhua Dictionary when you come across a challenging Chinese character.Then,with mobile phones catching on,some Chinese learning apps are increasingly popular with Chinese learners because they are so handy and quick that you can acquire the pronunciation.
I know for sure that you will make much progress in learning Chinese pronunciation.It is welcome to write to me whenever you are in trouble.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As Amy walked home from school one afternoon,she saw images of symmetry (对称) all around her: in the faces of people,in the buildings she passed,and in the cars that went by.Even the autumn leaves that covered the sidewalk.A butterfly landed on a branch above her,and Amy suddenly stopped.She held her breath and smiled,watching as it opened and closed its perfectly symmetrical wings.
All that month,Amy’s class had been studying different forms of symmetry,and Amy was deeply attracted.They’d observed the mirror symmetry of violins and the rotational symmetry of starfish.They’d even studied symmetry using a microscope and recorded the beauty with a phone camera.Now Mr Garcia,their science teacher,had given them their final assignment: to find the most beautiful example of symmetry and give a report to the class on it.
“The most beautiful example of symmetry.What on earth could that be ” Amy asked herself.She finally decided to use her microscope to find one.Amy spent hours in the garden on the examination of cells,pieces of rock,and drops of pond water.Although she was amazed by what she saw,none was truly beautiful.
“What are you bringing to class ” Amy asked her friend Cathy on the bus ride to school.“A model airplane,” replied Cathy proudly.“And my brother Mathew is bringing his guitar.” Those things are nice,thought Amy,but there must be something more beautiful.
That evening,she stayed with her microscope until her father called out,“Get inside,Amy.It’s freezing outside.The weather forecast says it’s going to snow.”
Amy’s heart sank.There would be fewer things to study under the microscope.Snow would cover the area like a blanket,hiding everything from sight.Her assignment was due in just a few days.Amy began to feel panic as she was packing up her microscope.Then she caught sight of something white blown onto the stage of her microscope.Yes! The snowflake (雪花)! She looked through the microscope and was amazed by its beauty.
注意:续写词数应为 150个左右。
Paragraph 1:
“I have to show it to my class,” Amy cried excitedly.
Paragraph 2:
Finally,it was the day to report.
[情节构建]
情节线 情感线
速读文章定要素 Who Amy and Amy’s father 疑惑 恐慌 激动 惊讶、疑惑 高兴、自豪
When One night after a month of learning forms of symmetry
Where Outside the home
What Amy accidentally discovered the beautiful and symmetrical snowflake and decided to report it to her classmates and science teacher.
明确冲突定主题 Conflict & Clue Conflict:Amy wanted to share snowflakes as symmetrical forms with the whole class,but snowflakes could melt before she arrived at school. Clue: They’d even studied symmetry using a microscope and recorded the beauty with a phone camera.
Theme Amy captured the disappearing snowflakes and shared the photos with her classmates and science teacher.
预设问题定走向 Para.1 “I have to show it to my class,” Amy cried excitedly. Q1:What surprised Amy when she took a closer look through the microscope Q2:What might happen when Amy wanted to take away the snowflakes Q3:What would Amy do next to achieve her goal of sharing snowflakes with her class
Para.2 Finally,it was the day to report. Q1:What did Amy do on the day to report Q2:What might be the reactions of her classmates and science teacher after Amy’s sharing Q3:What might be Amy’s psychological change
　　One possible version:
“I have to show it to my class,” Amy cried excitedly.She looked through the microscope again to take a closer look and was surprised to find that there was nothing there! The snowflake had disappeared,taking all of its beauty with it. “No! Wait!” cried Amy.She had to take the snowflake to class,but how It could melt before she got on the school bus! Suddenly,an idea flashed through her mind.She ran to her house and picked up her camera.
Within minutes,she had managed to attach it to the microscope.She carefully placed another snowflake on the microscope’s stage and took a series of pictures.
Finally,it was the day to report. Amy took the photos to the class,which surprised the classmates and the science teacher.Each snowflake was different,symmetrical,and unbelievably beautiful.They were excited to see the most beautiful example of symmetry.The teacher praised Amy for her careful observation,which made Amy happy and proud.
点津:中taking all of its beauty with it为现在分词短语作状语。
中before she got on the school bus 为before引导的时间状语从句。
中which surprised the classmates and the science teacher为which引导的非限制性定语从句,补充说明主句中photos引起的效果。
中which made Amy happy and proud为which引导的非限制性定语从句,补充说明主句教师表扬Amy的细致观察这件事所引起的效果。核心素养提升UNIT 12(B卷)
第一部分　听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
(　　)1.What does the speakers’ school pay more attention to
[A]The students’ personality.
[B]The students’ grades in exams.
[C]The students’ ability to think independently.
(　　)2.What are the speakers mainly talking about
[A]Young people lose their jobs easily.
[B]Young people are too quick in making decisions.
[C]Young people seldom stay long in the same job.
(　　)3.When will the woman leave for the airport
[A]At 8 p.m. [B]At 9 p.m.
[C]At 10 p.m.
(　　)4.How did the man come to meet the woman
[A]On foot. [B]By bike.
[C]By bus.
(　　)5.What does the man advise the woman to do
[A]Take good care of the watch.
[B]Buy a new watch.
[C]Mend the watch elsewhere.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
　　听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
(　　)6.Where did the man probably get his fish
[A]From the fish market.
[B]From the grocery store.
[C]From a lake.
(　　)7.What will the woman have next
[A]Coffee. [B]Ice cream.
[C]Apple pies.
　　听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。
(　　)8.What will the speakers do with most of the large furniture
[A]Move it upstairs.
[B]Put it in the garage.
[C]Store it in an empty house.
(　　)9.Where will the speakers stay during the repairs
[A]In a hotel.
[B]At the place of the woman’s parents.
[C]In the basement suite.
　　听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。
(　　)10.How long did the man live in Turkey
[A]One year. [B]Two years.
[C]Three years.
(　　)11.How did the man make himself understood
[A]By speaking slowly.
[B]By making gestures.
[C]By asking questions.
(　　)12.What trouble does the woman have in learning a language
[A]She can’t speak fluently.
[B]She doesn’t know the basic words.
[C]She can’t understand what people say.
　　听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。
(　　)13.Who painted the pictures on the wall
[A]The man.
[B]The college professor.
[C]The great painters.
(　　)14.How long has Jack been painting
[A]For ten years.
[B]For two years.
[C]For one year.
(　　)15.What does the woman like
[A]Drawing. [B]Painting.
[C]Writing.
(　　)16.What will the speakers do tomorrow
[A]Design something.
[B]Take college class.
[C]Share the works.
　　听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。
(　　)17.What is the speaker doing
[A]Hosting a show.
[B]Giving a presentation.
[C]Broadcasting an advertisement.
(　　)18.How soon will Christmas Eve be here
[A]In one day. [B]In two days.
[C]In three days.
(　　)19.What would men most likely prefer
[A]An iPhone.
[B]A basketball magazine.
[C]A ticket to a show.
(　　)20.Which item do women like the least of all the choices
[A]Jewelry. [B]Perfume.
[C]Clothing.
听力原文
第一节
(Text 1)
W:Why do the students in No.2 Middle School always get good grades in exams
M:Just because their school concentrates on nothing but grades in exams.
W:Maybe you’re right.Our school pays more attention to our ability to think independently.
(Text 2)
M:It was the third time that Roger had phoned me to say he had a new job.It was so surprising.
W:It’s difficult to keep a young man in one job for life nowadays.Well,times are changing.
(Text 3)
M:The flight leaves at 10 p.m.,so what time are you leaving for the airport
W:I’m going to book a taxi to pick me up at 8 p.m.It’s an hour’s ride.I won’t be late.
(Text 4)
W:So,how did you come here By bus or by bike
M:Neither at all.I walked here.My hotel is only a few minutes away.
(Text 5)
M:I’m sorry but to be honest the watch is hardly worth mending.
W:Are you sure I know it cost a lot when my grandmother bought it.
M:Well,I think the best alternative would be to replace it.
第二节
(Text 6)
W:The fish you made tonight was absolutely delicious.Did you get it at the grocery store
M:A friend of mine took me out on his boat and we caught them ourselves.
W:I usually get mine from the fish market in the village.
M:Are you interested in some apple pies
W:Thank you,but I’m full.I’ll just have a cup of coffee.
M:Are you sure It’s my mother’s secret recipe.Just add a little bit of ice cream,and you will be in heaven.
W:That does sound good,but I don’t think I could eat any more.
M:Suit yourself.
(Text 7)
M:We need to have everything out of our house for the upcoming repairs before the first of next month.
W:Oh,I thought they weren’t going to start until April 15th.What are we going to do with everything
M:Well,most of the large furniture,such as the sofas,chairs,and tables,is going into our garage.
W:What about the other stuff And where are we going to stay A hotel
M:We can move the beds,the TV,and the kitchen stuff down into our basement suite.And we’ll be moving in there for the next two months.The carpets,lamps,and pictures can be stored in the closet upstairs.
W:Sounds good.We can start this weekend,after we get back from my parents’ place.
M:This is a great deal for the money we’re paying.
(Text 8)
W:Where are you going for your holidays this summer
M:A small town in Turkey.
W:Sounds nice.Have you been there before
M:Yeah.Two years ago I once worked there.I lived there for a year,in fact.
W:Oh really Do you speak any of the language
M:Yeah,I can get by in Turkish.
W:What,like doing the shopping
M:Uh huh.I know some basic words,and you know,I make a lot of mistakes,but by pointing at things and using gestures,I can usually make myself understood.
W:Right.I always think that speaking a language isn’t the problem.The problem is to listen,because it’s no good asking a question but you can’t understand the answer,is it It’s like,in Italian,I often ask people to speak more slowly,but I still can’t understand most of the time.
(Text 9)
W:Those are beautiful pictures on your wall,Jack.Do you know who the artist is
M:Yes,I’m actually the artist!I painted those pictures.
W:You did I’m so impressed!I had no idea that you were an artist.How long have you been making art
M:Well,I have been drawing for a long time—about ten years.I loved to look at pictures and photographs when I was a child.As I got older,I decided to make pictures myself.And I started painting two years ago.
W:I see.Did you take art classes or teach yourself
M:I didn’t take any art classes until last year.I’ve been taking a college class for a year about the great painters throughout history.I want to learn from them and their paintings.I want to improve my skills and become a better painter.
W:That’s a good idea.I like to write stories,so I took a college class about writing.It definitely made me a much better writer.By the way,would you like to read my books
M:Sounds great.Shall we show each other our works tomorrow
W:I can’t wait!
(Text 10)
Good afternoon,everyone.Today on our show,we’re talking about a very hot topic right now—the hottest Christmas gifts!During the Christmas season,everyone wants to get their loved ones the best gifts.Christmas Eve will be here in two days,so time is running out!But don’t worry—we’re here to help you.We have a list of the hottest items to buy for your friends and family this holiday season.First,let’s talk about the gifts for the guys.We asked hundreds of men about their favourite Christmas gifts.They told us that they love electronics best.So,buy your special man a new television,a mobile phone,or a computer game.Their second favourite item was sports equipment or clothing from their favourite sports team.That should be easy to find.Now,what should you get that special lady in your life
Many women we asked told us to buy them jewelry first.Besides that,the ladies preferred clothing,shoes,and perfume,in that order.So guys,get to those stores early and don’t miss those deals!I hope that we’ve given you some great ideas for the hottest gifts to buy this Christmas.Happy shopping and merry Christmas!
【答案】 1~5 CCAAB　6~10 CABCA
11~15 BCABC　16~20 CABAB
第二部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C 和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
Sometimes it takes a work of art to give the inspiration for advances in science.For example,Elon Musk’s dream of humans living on other planets was first inspired by a space-themed movie.Jeff Bezos,a massive fan of the space television series,founded his very own space company.Let’s explore some of the technologies from science fiction that have been brought to life.
Remote Control
Frank Herbert’s 1965 novel Dune features a small flying robot device that is piloted remotely,one of the earliest appearances of drones in science fiction.With the first permit for commercial drone use in the USA given in 2006,drones became a reality,and can now be found taking on multiple roles in photography,farming and military.
From Thin Air
The television show may inspire science.One of the most unexpected examples may be the 3D printer.In the programme,a device can create any object desired within a matter of seconds.Researchers at the University of California,Berkeley,the USA,developed a 3D printer in 2019 that shapes objects using rays of light.The device uses light to alter the density of resin (树脂),changing the material from a liquid to a solid in order to shape the desired object.
Starting the Heart
Earl Bakken,the inventor of the pacemaker (心脏起搏器),a device placed into the chest that helps the heart to pump blood using small electrical impulses,was inspired by the 1931 movie adaptation of a book.Defibrillators (除颤仪),which restart the heart with an electrical current after a cardiac arrest (心脏停搏),also resemble the electric shock that gave the monster life.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章讲述了三个从科幻作品中得到灵感而研发的科技作品。
(　　)21.Whose work inspired science
[A]Elon Musk’s.
[B]Jeff Bezos’s.
[C]Frank Herbert’s.
[D]Earl Bakken’s.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据Remote Control部分的内容可知,Frank Herbert的作品给科学带来了灵感。故选C。
(　　)22.Which of the following can create new things from “nowhere”
[A]Drones. [B]3D printers.
[C]Pacemakers. [D]Defibrillators.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据From Thin Air部分的详细介绍可知,3D打印机可以利用光线塑造物体形状,创造新的东西。故选B。
(　　)23.Which can be summarised from the passage
[A]Technology flies out of our imagination.
[B]Science fiction thinks big.
[C]Imagination leads to advanced civilisation.
[D]Scientific development relies on technology.
【答案】 A
【解析】 主旨大意题。根据第一段的最后一句以及下文对三项技术的详细阐述可知,文章主要介绍了从科幻作品中得到启发进而出现的一些发明,因此A项可以概括全文。
故选A。
B
Engineering researchers at the University of Waterloo are successfully using a robot to help keep children with learning disabilities focused on their work.This was one of the key results in a new study that also found both the youngsters and their instructors valued the positive classroom contributions made by the robot.
“Overall,the findings demonstrate that the robot has a positive effect on students,”said Dr.Kerstin Dautenhahn,a professor of electrical and computer engineering.
Educators have in recent years explored the use of social robots to help students learn,but most often,their research has focused on children with autism (孤独症).As a result,little work has been done on the use of socially assistive robots for students with learning disabilities.
Along with two other Waterloo engineering researchers and three experts from the Learning Disabilities Society in Vancouver,Dautenhahn decided to change this,conducting a series of tests with a small humanoid (仿人的) robot called QTrobot.
Dautenhahn said the robot’s ability to perform gestures using its head and hands,
accompanied by its speech and facial features,makes it very suitable for children with learning disabilities.
Building on promising earlier research,the researchers divided 16 students with learning disabilities into two groups.In one group,students worked one-on-one with an instructor only.In the other group,the students worked one-on-one with an instructor and a QTrobot.In the latter group,the instructor used a tablet to direct the robot,which then autonomously performed various activities using its speech and gestures.While the instructor controlled the sessions,the robot took over at certain times to lead the students.
Besides introducing the session,the robot set goals and provided self-regulating strategies,if necessary.If the learning process was getting off-track,the robot used strategies such as games,riddles and physical movements to redirect the students back to the task.
“Students who worked with the robot,”Dautenhahn said,“were generally more engaged with their tasks and could complete their tasks at a higher rate compared to the students who weren’t assisted by a robot.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。滑铁卢大学的工程研究人员正在成功地利用机器人帮助有学习障碍的儿童专注于他们的学习。
(　　)24.What can we know about Dautenhahn’s research
[A]It seeks to provide a treatment for autism.
[B]It attempts to replace teachers with robots in teaching.
[C]It intends to educate students to be creative and productive.
[D]It studies the effects of robots on students with learning disabilities.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段和第二段的内容可知,Kerstin Dautenhahn的研究是利用机器人帮助有学习障碍的儿童专注于他们的学习,且研究结果表明,机器人对学生有积极的影响。故选D。
(　　)25.What is the sixth paragraph mainly about
[A]The role the robot played.
[B]The process of the research.
[C]The outcomes of the two groups.
[D]The range of the participants involved.
【答案】 B
【解析】 段落大意题。根据第六段中的“Building on promising earlier research...using its speech and gestures.”可知,本段主要讲述的是研究的过程。故选B。
(　　)26.How did the QTrobot help distracted students concentrate in class
[A]It warned the students directly by speech.
[B]It assigned tasks for the students to complete.
[C]It informed the instructor to intervene in the learning process.
[D]It attracted the students’ attention through interesting activities.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“If the learning process was getting off-track...
students back to the task.”可知,当学生在学习中注意力不集中时,机器人会用有趣的活动来帮助他们集中注意力。故选D。
(　　)27.What does Dautenhahn’s research imply
[A]Robots promote students’ academic performance greatly.
[B]There is great potential for using robots in the education system.
[C]Teachers are defeated by robots when it comes to motivating students.
[D]Students are becoming more independent with the assistance of robots.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知,通过机器人的帮助,学生会更投入于他们的学习任务,并且完成任务的速度更快,即在教育系统中使用机器人有很大的潜力。
故选B。
C
You are just waking up in the spring of 2050.Your Internet of Things bedroom opens solar-powered e-windows and plays gentle music while your smart lighting displays a montage (蒙太奇) of beachfront sunrises from your recent vacation.
Your shower uses very little water or soap.It recycles your grey water and puts the extra heat back into your home’s integrated operating system.While you dress,your artificial intelligence (AI) assistant shares your schedule for the day and plays your favourite tunes.
You still start your day with coffee but it comes from your IoT refrigerator which is capable of providing a coffeehouse experience in your home.A hot breakfast tailored to your specific nutritional needs (based on chemical analysis from your trips to the “smart toilet”) is waiting for you in the kitchen.
When it’s time to leave,an on-demand transport system has three cars waiting for you,
your spouse and your kids.On the road,driverless cars and trucks move with mathematical precision,without traffic jams.Accident rates are near zero.
On the way,you call your R&D team,who are wrapping up a day’s work in Shanghai.
Your life-sized image will be projected,which makes your colleagues see you as if you were sitting with them.It’s a bit surreal (超现实的) for them to see you in the morning light given that it’s dark on The Bund,Shanghai’s waterfront,though the novelty fades after a few uses.
You review the day’s cloud-based data from your Shenzhen manufacturing centre,your pilot project in San Diego,and your QA team in Melbourne.The massive datasets are collected in real time from every piece of equipment and have been beautifully summarised by your company’s AI.All these facilities are closely maintained and operated via a skilled predictive analytics platform.Pleased with the team’s progress,you end the call and ease into a good book.This is the future and it will be here sooner than you think.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章描绘了2050年的生活会是什么样子的。
(　　)28.What will happen when you dress yourself according to the text
[A]Your schedule is sent to your boss.
[B]Your bedroom opens quickly.
[C]Your favourite tunes are played.
[D]Your coffee is ordered and served.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知,当你穿衣服时,你的人工智能助手可以为你播放你最喜欢的曲子。故选C。
(　　)29.What does the underlined word “tailored” in Paragraph 3 mean
[A]Made specially.
[B]Mixed similarly.
[C]Produced in advance.
[D]Invented traditionally.
【答案】 A
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据第三段画线词所在句可知,此处指根据你的特殊营养需要,一顿特别制作的热早餐正在厨房等你,A项符合题意。故选A。
(　　)30.Why can your colleagues see you as if you were sitting face to face though you are at home
[A]Because the team makes progress.
[B]Because your images are wrapped up.
[C]Because you did it ahead of time.
[D]Because your life-sized picture is projected.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知,你的实景图像将被投影,这能让你的同事看见你,就好像你和他们坐在一起。故选D。
(　　)31.What is the text mainly talking about
[A]Why we need AI assistants.
[B]What life will be like in 2050.
[C]How we find meaningful work in the future.
[D]How AI helps you lead an important life.
【答案】 B
【解析】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,作者写这篇文章主要是为了给我们介绍2050年的生活。故选B。
D
Imagine if it were easy for everyone to get to the seashore,to smell the sea winds and to feel seawater on their skin.Wouldn’t it be great if people with walking difficulty could also get closer to the ocean to enjoy the thrill of a sunset,watching the sun’s rays light up the waves The good news is that things are moving in the right direction!
In a CDC study,around 14% of adults in the US report a mobility disability,defined as serious difficulty in walking or climbing stairs.This can make vacation planning a challenge and put some destinations off-limits.But technology companies like Mobi-mat are making a day at the beach for people with limited mobility a reality.
Mobi-mat has developed some exciting innovations like non-slip roll-out accessibility mats (垫子).These function like red carpets at movie premieres(首映),taking people with special needs right to the seashore.They are made of a fine nylon material that is designed for people who use wheelchairs or may otherwise need a firmer surface to cross the sand.
More cities are working to make enjoyment of the beach much more wide-ranging in other creative ways based on regional conditions.The town of Jupiter in Florida has opened up access to its beaches to people who have trouble going up and down stairs via three new wide wooden walkways.The Miami Herald reported on the upcoming construction of a wheelchair-accessible beachfront observation platform,and upgraded park with adaptive playground and exercise equipment for people with disabilities in Miami Beach.
Inspired by creative innovation,forward-looking policymakers and companies,and the shared demands of disabled people who are calling for better access to beautiful beach locations,it seems that many more people of all abilities will be able to head to the beach.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了Mobi-mat科技公司开发出了一些令人兴奋的创新产品,这使得一些行动不便的人在海滩上度过一天成为现实。
(　　)32.What is the good news mentioned in Paragraph 1
[A]The seashore becomes the hottest destination.
[B]The ocean environment changes for the better.
[C]Beaches are more accessible to the disabled.
[D]Approaching the sea benefits disabled people.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Wouldn’t it be great if people with walking difficulty could also get closer to the ocean...The good news is that things are moving in the right direction!”可知,本段提到的好消息是残疾人士会更容易到达海滩。故选C。
(　　)33.What can we learn about the mat from Mobi-mat
[A]It offers a firm surface.
[B]It originates from movies.
[C]It replaces wheelchairs.
[D]It functions beneath the sand.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“They are made of a fine nylon material...need a firmer surface to cross the sand.”可知,Mobi-mat科技公司的垫子提供了坚固的表面。
故选A。
(　　)34.What can be inferred about the measures in Jupiter and Miami
[A]They’re well behind schedule.
[B]They centre on ocean protection.
[C]They need to be more creative.
[D]They’re tailored to local conditions.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“More cities are working to make enjoyment of the beach...The town of Jupiter in Florida has opened up access to...The Miami Herald reported on...”可推知,在朱庇特和迈阿密采取的措施是根据当地条件而制定的。故选D。
(　　)35.What is the purpose of this text
[A]To introduce a friendly move.
[B]To recommend a treatment.
[C]To advertise beautiful beaches.
[D]To report findings of a study.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是第二段最后一句“But technology companies like Mobi-mat are making a day at the beach for people with limited mobility a reality.”可知,文章主要讲述了Mobi-mat科技公司开发出了一些令人兴奋的创新产品,这使得一些行动不便的人在海滩上度过一天成为现实。由此可推知,文章的目的是介绍一个友好的举动。
故选A。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Have parents ever wondered how they can encourage the children to practise their English 36.　　　.
Be enthusiastic and involved
Be enthusiastic about the language itself.If children see their parents reading,watching films and speaking in English,they will be inspired to do the same.Actively be involved in the children’s English learning experiences,rather than expect them to study on their own.Give the children lots of praise,encouragement and support.37.　　　.
Make learning fun and enjoyable
38.　　　.Try to incorporate an element of fun into activities.Children naturally like to play and love games for practising speaking and learning new vocabulary or grammar.Use the children’s sense of competition as a motivator.For example,the child who uses his or her first language least during the game is allowed to choose the next game.
39.　　
Think about the children’s personalities,interests and things that they like when suggesting ways for them to practise English.Very active children may like to play action games,but quieter children may prefer word games or card games.
Support the children’s schoolwork
Children are often reluctant (不情愿的) to do their homework or study for school tests.Establish a regular homework routine,allowing the children some choices in what time and where they study.40.　　　.Praise your children for any effort they make,rather than criticise or threaten them.
A.Share the experience
B.Here are four tips for success
C.Follow the children’s personalities and interests
D.It will increase their self-confidence and motivation
E.Provide help,and try to be supportive and encouraging
F.Children love role-play and using their own imagination
G.Learning a language should be an enjoyable and rewarding experience
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章就如何鼓励孩子练习英语提出了一些建议。
36.【答案】 B
【解析】 上文“Have parents ever wondered how they can encourage the children to practise their English ”提出问题,下文应该回答这个问题,就父母应该如何鼓励孩子练习英语提出建议。选项B承接上文,引出下文,符合语境。故选B。
37.【答案】 D
【解析】 上文“Give the children lots of praise,encouragement and support.”指出父母应该多给予孩子赞扬、鼓励和支持。选项D指出了上文所给建议的好处在于增强孩子的自信心和动力,符合语境。故选D。
38.【答案】 G
【解析】 小标题“Make learning fun and enjoyable”指出本段建议家长让学习变得有趣而愉快。下文“Try to incorporate an element of fun into activities.”指出通过加入乐趣元素能让学习变得有趣。选项G与上下文内容一致,都讲了应该快乐学习,符合语境。故选G。
39.【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文“Think about the children’s personalities...for them to practise English.”可知,本段提出的建议应该是因材施教,考虑每个孩子的个性和兴趣。选项C适合作本段小标题,符合语境。故选C。
40.【答案】 E
【解析】 上文“Establish a regular homework routine,allowing the children some choices in what time and where they study.”指出父母应该帮助孩子建立有规律的家庭作业习惯;下文“Praise your children for any effort they make,rather than criticise or threaten them.”指出父母要多鼓励孩子。选项E承接上文,引出下文,符合语境。故选E。
第三部分　语言运用(共两节,满分 30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Back in 2017,Kofi Thomas heard about an empty lot in his Brooklyn neighbourhood that had become an eyesore (碍眼的东西).Somehow,it had been 　41　.Instead of a narrow,
weedy plot of land,Kofi saw the lot as an opportunity to 　42　 his vision.
Kofi　43　 to create a garden for his community.After going through red tape and working late hours to get 　44　,he was given access to 13,000 feet of sunny land in the middle of Bushwick.
Kofi and some friends and volunteers set out to　45　 a decade’s worth of garbage,
broken glass,and fallen trees over several months.After hauling in (拉进) 10 tons of soil,they were finally 　46　 to plant.
The Good Life Garden　47　 to the locals in April 2018.It has since become a green space that 　48　 people from all generations to seed,harvest,and eat the food produced by the lot.Kids from nearby schools have learnt both how to garden there and more about 　49　 living.Kofi has also made sure the elders in the community get involved by 　50　 a part of the garden for them.Now there are more than 30 older gardeners who regularly garden and share the 　51　 they’ve picked up from all over the world.
Part of the Good Life Garden’s purpose is to share fresh vegetables with neighbours.They
　52　 donate to local women’s shelters and other community groups.To date,they’ve 　53　 over 10,000 pounds of fresh food!
The garden has become a place for all to　54　 and share.They frequently host art festivals and community picnics to 　55　 diversity and creativity.Every city neighbourhood should have a green space like this one!
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲的是Kofi把废弃的小块土地改建成花园,让社区的人们可以在那里聚集,进行园艺活动。
[文章脉络]
Kofi saw the empty lot as an opportunity to achieve his vision.
Kofi hoped to create a garden for his community.
It has become a green space that welcomes people from all generations.
Part of the Good Life Garden’s purpose is to share fresh vegetables with neighbours.
The garden has become a place for all to gather and share.
(　　)41.[A]reported [B]discovered
[C]occupied [D]forgotten
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文“an empty lot”和“had become an eyesore”可知,有一块土地被遗忘(forgotten)了,一直空着。故选D。
(　　)42.[A]achieve [B]correct
[C]describe [D]control
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文“create a garden for his community”可知,Kofi认为这是一个实现(achieve)他的愿景的机会。故选A。
(　　)43.[A]pretended [B]regretted
[C]agreed [D]hoped
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文“his vision”和下文“to create a garden for his community”可知,他希望(hoped)为他的社区建造一个花园。故选D。
(　　)44.[A]promotion [B]approval
[C]experience [D]praise
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文“going through red tape and working late hours”和下文“he was given access to 13,000 feet of sunny land in the middle of Bushwick”可知,在经过努力后,他得到批准(approval),获得了土地的使用权。故选B。
(　　)45.[A]observe [B]compare
[C]clear [D]export
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文“a decade’s worth of garbage,broken glass,and fallen trees”可知,有很多垃圾需要清理(clear)。故选C。
(　　)46.[A]eager [B]likely
[C]ready [D]afraid
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文“After hauling in (拉进) 10 tons of soil”和下文“to plant”可知,在运来10吨土壤后,他们终于准备好(ready),可以种植了。故选C。
(　　)47.[A]opened [B]appealed
[C]contributed [D]belonged
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文“It has since become a green space that 　48　 people from all generations to seed,harvest,and eat the food produced by the lot.”可知,“美好生活花园”于2018年4月向当地人开放(opened)。故选A。
(　　)48.[A]defends [B]challenges
[C]requires [D]welcomes
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据下文“people from all generations to seed,harvest,and eat the food produced by the lot”可知,这个花园欢迎(welcomes)所有人来播种、收获和食用这块土地生产的食物。故选D。
(　　)49.[A]future [B]comfortable
[C]modern [D]sustainable
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文“learnt both how to garden”和下文“living”可知,来自附近学校的孩子们既学会了园艺,也学会了更多关于可持续(sustainable)生活的知识。故选D。
(　　)50.[A]reserving [B]recommending
[C]exchanging [D]checking
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文“made sure the elders in the community get involved”和下文“a part of the garden for them”可知,Kofi还为社区的老年人保留(reserving)了花园的一部分,以确保他们能参与进来。故选A。
(　　)51.[A]language [B]fortune
[C]knowledge [D]signal
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文“more than 30 older gardeners who regularly garden and share”和下文“they’ve picked up from all over the world”可知,这30多名年长的园丁经验丰富,他们会分享从世界各地学到的园艺知识(knowledge)。故选C。
(　　)52.[A]rarely [B]secretly
[C]routinely [D]suddenly
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文“Part of the Good Life Garden’s purpose is to share fresh vegetables with neighbours.”可知,他们经常(routinely)向当地妇女收容所和其他社区组织捐赠。故选C。
(　　)53.[A]depended on [B]sent out
[C]thrown away [D]searched for
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文“donate to local women’s shelters and other community groups”可知,他们已经送出(sent out)了超过1万磅的新鲜食物。故选B。
(　　)54.[A]gather [B]travel
[C]hide [D]shop
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文“They frequently host art festivals and community picnics”可知,花园已经成为所有人聚集(gather)和分享的地方。故选A。
(　　)55.[A]reduce [B]handle
[C]provide [D]celebrate
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文“They frequently host art festivals and community picnics”和下文“diversity and creativity”可知,他们经常举办艺术节和社区野餐,以庆祝(celebrate)多样性和创造力。故选D。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
At the beginning of the 21st century,slow and often uncomfortable trains struggled wildly across China,with low average speeds making 56.　　 　　 (journey) such as Shanghai-Beijing a test of endurance.
Since 2008 China’s high-speed rail industry has evolved rapidly and built the world’s longest network,symbolising the 57.　　　　 (country) economic power and increasing prosperity.The network 58.　　　　 (expect) to double in length again,to 70,000 kilometres,
by 2035.In addition,the Chinese have created a 59.　　　　 (total) different picture of high-speed rail network,60.　　　　 often proves faster and more reliable than Chinese domestic flights.
Not satisfied with pushing the boundaries of speed and civil engineering,Chinese companies are among the first in the world 61.　　　　 (introduce) new technology such as autonomous train operation and advanced signaling.Although its trains are 62.　　　　 the world’s fastest,China is still spending billions of dollars on maglev (磁悬浮列车).Hopefully,it won’t be long 63.　　　　 China operates passenger services well beyond the current limits of steel wheels.
64.　　　　 (take) a typically realistic approach to raising the speed of land transport,
China sees maglev as 65.　　　　 better option for bridging the gap between rail and air on long distance routes.
【语篇导读】 本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍了中国高铁产业的迅速发展,并且为了提高陆路运输的速度,中国将大力发展磁悬浮列车技术。
56.【答案】 journeys　
【解析】 考查名词复数。journey是可数名词,在句子中为泛指意义,应用复数形式。故填journeys。
57.【答案】 country’s　
【解析】 考查名词所有格。根据句意可知,此处表示“国家的”,应填country的所有格形式。故填country’s。
58.【答案】 is expected　
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,expect在句中为谓语动词,与主语network之间为被动关系,因此应用被动语态。再根据上下文可知,这种可能性是建立在“目前”的情况下,因此应用一般现在时,且主语network 为单数名词。故填is expected。
59.【答案】 totally　
【解析】 考查副词。此处应用副词形式作状语修饰形容词different。故填totally。
60.【答案】 which　
【解析】 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,high-speed rail network是先行词,关系词在从句中作主语,指物。故填which。
61.【答案】 to introduce　
【解析】 考查动词不定式。句中的first之后省略了companies,名词前有序数词修饰,其后应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to introduce。
62.【答案】 among　
【解析】 考查介词。根据句意及the world’s fastest可知,此处应用介词表示“在三者或三者以上之中”。故填among。
63.【答案】 before　
【解析】 考查固定句型。“It won’t be long before+从句”是固定句型,意为“用不了多长时间就……”。故填before。
64.【答案】 Taking　
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,take在句中为非谓语动词,与逻辑主语China之间为主动关系,因此应用现在分词形式作状语。故填Taking。
65.【答案】 a　
【解析】 考查冠词。 option为可数名词且better以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。a better option意为“一个更好的选择”。故填a。
第四部分　写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假设你是李华, 为了响应国家“了解中国科技发展的伟大成就, 坚定文化自信”的号召, 你校计划举办一场主题为“What Makes a Great Scientist ”的演讲比赛, 请你写一篇英语演讲稿参赛。内容包括:
1.列举一位伟大的科学家;
2.伟大的原因;
3.你的感想。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
[写作指导]
　　One possible version:
Ladies and gentlemen,
I’m Li Hua.It’s my honour to make a speech with the title of “What Makes a Great Scientist ”
Everyone has an idol. Mine is Qian Xuesen, who is known as the father of China’s aerospace. Personally, he is a pioneer who is determined to pursue his dreams. More importantly, he is patriotic and served our country with the spirit of hard work and selfless dedication.All of these make him a great scientist.
Undoubtedly, as the successor of socialism,a teenager should learn and pass on his scientific spirits as well as his perseverance in the face of frustrations.
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I was twelve,our family moved to a new neighbourhood where our neighbours were Mr and Mrs Green,who lived down the street with their two little preschool girls.Our family often visited the Greens during holidays and most of the time we visited them during the day.Sometimes we would even gather together and give gifts to each other.I would also volunteer to take care of their two lovely children from time to time.One day Mrs Green asked if I could stay with her daughters in the evening,promising she and her husband would be home by ten pm. I readily agreed.
At four o’clock,I knocked on the Greens’ front door,greeted the kids,and received detailed instructions from their mother.A few minutes later,the girls and I were alone.We played hide-and-seek,did some finger painting together,and I fixed them scrambled eggs (炒鸡蛋) and pieces of toast for dinner.Then,at about eight pm,I gathered the two kids beside me on the sofa and began to read them a story.
I heard a soft click,as if the front door had been opened,and I stopped.“Go on,” said Melanie,the four-year-old.“Keep reading.” “Wait.” I put my finger to my lips,“I thought I heard someone come in.” I heard the click again,and the lamp beside me was switched on.All three of us jumped.Then the drapes (帘子) closed across the big window.
I screamed,put a little girl under each of my arms,and ran upstairs to the bathroom.As I locked the door behind us,I heard music begin to play from a radio somewhere downstairs.The girls clutched (紧紧抱住) each other in fear as I calmed them down,saying,“There’s a bad guy in the house.You have to be perfectly quiet.”
The three of us sat on the floor,ears pressed to the wooden door,listening.Even two-year-old Tricia was very quiet.For two hours we listened to the music playing,but we never heard another sound.No footsteps,no creaking (嘎吱作响的) doors,or breaking of china.Definitely no one walked up the stairs.
注意:续写词数应为 150 个左右。
Paragraph 1:
Then the front door opened with a bang and we all jumped.
Paragraph 2:
Mr Green explained he had bought a smart home device.
[情节构建]
情节线 情感线
速读文章定要素 Who I,Mr and Mrs Green,their two little girls—Melanie and Tricia 疑惑 惊恐、 害怕 吃惊 开心
When At eight o’clock in the evening
Where At the Greens’ home
What Two little girls and I were frightened by the sudden clicks and scenes of a lamp automatically switched on,drapes closing ...And we thought that there was a bad guy in the house.
明确冲突定主题 Conflict & Clue Conflict:There seemed to be “a bad guy” in the house,operating the lamp,drapes and radio,but no strange person appeared. Clue:I heard the click again,and the lamp beside me was switched on.Then the drapes closed across the big window.I heard music begin to play from a radio somewhere downstairs.Definitely no one walked up the stairs.
Theme The magic and power of technology
预设问题定走向 Para.1 Then the front door opened with a bang and we all jumped. Q1:Why did the front door open Q2:What would they do next to figure out what’s going on Q3:What might be their psychological changes
Para.2 Mr Green explained he had bought a smart home device. Q1:How would Mr Green explain what had happened Q2:What else would Mr and Mrs Green do after explaining Q3:What could the author gain from this experience
　　One possible version:
Then the front door opened with a bang and we all jumped. Both girls leaped into my arms and the three of us trembled until we heard Mrs Green call,“Peggy Where are you ” Melanie,Tricia and I burst out of the bathroom and ran downstairs.The girls threw themselves against their astonished parents’ legs,talking about “a bad guy in the house”. In the middle of my explanation,Mr and Mrs Green exchanged a look and began laughing.
Mr Green explained he had bought a smart home device. It could close the electric drapes and turn on a light and a radio at sunset at night when they went out.“I guess I just switched it on automatically when we left tonight. In all honesty,I don’t even remember doing it,” he explained.“Wow,that’s amazing!” I couldn’t help exclaiming.Hearing what I said,he apologised to me and invited me to stay at their house for the night. “Really,that would be great,” I replied.With the consent of my parents,I slept at their house for one night.During that night,I not only had the opportunity to get to know my neighbours better,but also experienced the wonders of technology and gained a deeper understanding of the power of technology.
点津:until we heard Mrs Green call为until引导的时间状语从句,leaped into my arms 意为 “跳进我的怀里”,表示急切,为动作描写。
talking about “a bad guy in the house”为现在分词短语作伴随状语,表示talking这个动作和前面threw这个动作是同时发生的。
when we left tonight为when引导的时间状语从句,switched it on意为“打开它”,为动作
描写。
Hearing what I said 为现在分词短语作状语以及what引导的宾语从句。
运用了“not only ...but also ...”结构。核心素养提升UNIT 12(A卷)
第一部分　听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
(　　)1.What does the man want to do
[A]Watch films.
[B]Visit his brother.
[C]Have dinner with the woman.
(　　)2.What is the woman doing now
[A]Baking cookies.
[B]Making a list.
[C]Shopping for groceries.
(　　)3.When will Mr.Morgan be here
[A]At 4:00 pm.
[B]At 5:00 pm.
[C]At 6:00 pm.
(　　)4.How has the bar changed
[A]It is cleaner.
[B]It has new owners.
[C]It doesn’t serve sunflower seeds.
(　　)5.What was making the noise
[A]The tires. [B]The brakes.
[C]The chains.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
　　听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
(　　)6.How much will the woman pay
[A]$15. [B]$20.
[C]$35.
(　　)7.Where does the conversation take place
[A]At a school.
[B]At a cafe.
[C]At a kids’ centre.
　　听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。
(　　)8.What does the woman plan to do
[A]Meet her wedding organiser.
[B]Have a business meeting.
[C]Rent an apartment.
(　　)9.How late will the woman be for her appointment
[A]At least fifteen minutes.
[B]Ten minutes.
[C]Five minutes.
　　听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。
(　　)10.What does the woman advise the man to do during the TV ad time
[A]Enjoy the advertisements.
[B]Make a cup of tea.
[C]Change the channel.
(　　)11.What is the woman’s opinion about the advertisements
[A]They are useless.
[B]They are boring.
[C]They are interesting.
(　　)12.Why can’t the man stand the advertisements
[A]Because they are too long.
[B]Because they are repeated so often.
[C]Because they lack imagination.
　　听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。
(　　)13.How many people are coming to the speakers’ home
[A]One. [B]Two.
[C]Three.
(　　)14.How will the visitor(s) come
[A]By train. [B]By sea.
[C]By air.
(　　)15.How long will the visitor(s) stay in the speakers’ home
[A]About a week.
[B]About a month.
[C]Till the end of the vacation.
(　　)16.What can we know from the conversation
[A]The boy’s mother will go to Florida with him.
[B]The boy’s mother won’t allow him to go to Florida.
[C]The boy is going to do his homework at Aunt Helen’s home.
　　听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。
(　　)17.What sport did the speaker like best in Queenstown
[A]Swimming in the sea.
[B]Bungee jumping.
[C]Mountain climbing.
(　　)18.How did the speaker feel when he was on the platform
[A]Very frightened.
[B]Very excited.
[C]Very calm.
(　　)19.Where does the speaker come from
[A]The United States.
[B]New Zealand.
[C]Japan.
(　　)20.What did the speaker think of hanging in the sky upside down
[A]Exciting.
[B]Uncomfortable.
[C]Interesting.
听力原文
第一节
(Text 1)
M:Would you like to go to the movies with Lois and me on Friday
W:I wish I could,but I’m having dinner at my brother’s house.
(Text 2)
W:Bread,milk,eggs.I think that’s all we need.So,do you want to go with me
M:Sure.I’ll drive.Don’t forget to write down sugar and chocolate,though.They are the most important materials.
(Text 3)
W:I heard Mr.Morgan would be here at 4:00 pm next Thursday.
M:No,he will be boarding at that time and the trip lasts two hours.
(Text 4)
M:Wow,they really changed this place!It looks like a whole new bar!
W:It’s the same bar,with the same owners.You’re just not allowed to throw sunflower seeds on the floor anymore.And you can only buy them here.
(Text 5)
W:Can you take a look at my bike It’s making a noise.
M:Mmm...You just need a little oil on your chains,although you should get your brakes looked at soon.I will add a little air to your tires,too.
第二节
(Text 6)
M:Good afternoon,Madam.Welcome to Adventure Island!
W:Thank you.We’re excited to be here.It’s our first time.
M:Well,we have a lot of activities for children of all ages.Everyone can find something fun to play with here.
W:My daughter here just turned three.
M:Great!We have a special area designed just for kids who are 2—4 years old.The older kids have an area just for them as well.So,it’s $15 per kid and $5 per adult.We accept cash and credit cards.
W:Here’s my Visa card.One important question:Is there a place to get food and drinks at this kids’ centre
M:Of course.The cafe is just through those doors.
(Text 7)
W:Excuse me,sir.This is 2247 Reindeer Way,right
M:Yes,it is.Are you looking to rent the apartment
W:I’m here to meet Joy Wang.She is my wedding planner.Have I come to the right place
M:Yes,the address is correct,but there is no one here by that name.The only business here is the print shop on the second floor.
W:I must have gotten the numbers mixed up.
M:Well,you can’t be too far.You’re on Reindeer Way.There is a police station just up the road a bit.They will be able to direct you.
W:How far away is it I’m already ten minutes late for my appointment.
M:It’s two blocks up,on this side of the street.It should take you five minutes.
(Text 8)
W:Do you watch much TV,Jack
M:Not really, I mean,there are lots of advertisements.I can’t stand them.
W:Yeah,I know what you mean,Jack,but I don’t mind them so much—you can use the time to make a cup of tea or something.
M:But,Carla,the advertisements are every 15 minutes.I don’t drink that much tea!
W:Personally,I quite enjoy the advertisements.
M:I don’t see how you could possibly enjoy the advertisements.
W:I think they’re often quite imaginative and fun.
M:They might be imaginative and fun the first time,but they’re repeated so often—if you watch a film,you can end up seeing the same advertisements five or six times.It drives you mad.
(Text 9)
M:Here is a letter for you,Mum.
W:Thank you,Tom.Oh,it’s from Uncle George.
M:What does he say in the letter
W:He is coming to visit us.And he will bring Joan and Jack too.
M:How nice!When will they arrive
W:Well,according to the letter,they will arrive next Friday because they plan to take a ship this time.It will cost them a lot more money if they come by air.
M:Will they stay here for the whole summer vacation,as they did last summer
W:No,just for a week or so.They want to go to Florida to visit Aunt Helen after that.
M:Can I go and visit Aunt Helen too I haven’t seen her for almost a year.
W:But I’m afraid you can’t finish your homework in time.
M:Don’t worry,Mum.I can take my books with me.
W:OK,if you say so.
(Text 10)
People know Queenstown is famous for its thrilling activity,even though there are other things worth seeing and fun to do there.But only bungee jumping appeals to me.Once I arrived there from Japan,I dragged my best friend to join the list of crazy guys who love bungee jumping.Well,as soon as I stepped on the tiny walkway leading to the platform,all my heroic bravery was gone and seemed to be left at the registry counter of the shop on the ground when I paid the money.
Looking downwards along my heavy path,I realised,“It’s amazingly high from the ground.Maybe I should simply waste the money in order to save my life!” But,at last,I closed my eyes and then jumped.
I started to scream louder and louder in my heart but concealed this feeling by making no sounds at all outside.I had already been very embarrassed to linger there at the edge the moment before,and thus I had to be a bit cool through the whole process of jumping to save face.
Being upside down,hanging in the sky,was not fun at all.The most memorable second was the time before and right after I jumped.That’s my best conclusion from the bittersweet experience of bungee jumping.
【答案】 1~5 ABCAC　6~10 BCAAB
11~15 CBCBA　16~20 CBACB
第二部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C 和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
The advancement of human civilisation is possible just because of enormous contributions made by scientists.They are some of the most influential people of today’s world.With practical advantages in engineering,medicine and technology,they have helped us to grow better understanding about the world and different working phenomenon that governs us.Their names are remembered in the sands of time for their work in the welfare of mankind with different inventions that have made our modern lives easy.Here is a list of the four great scientists we’ve ever seen who changed the world.
Louis Pasteur (1822—1895)
Pasteur contributed greatly towards the advancement of medical sciences developing cures for rabies(狂犬病),anthrax and other infectious diseases.He also invented the process of pasteurisation(巴氏杀菌) to make milk safer to drink.He probably saved more lives than any other person.
Otto Hahn (1879—1968)
Hahn was a German chemist who discovered nuclear fission(裂变) in 1939.He was a pioneering scientist in the field of radio-chemistry,and discovered radioactive elements in 1921.He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1944.
Nikola Tesla (1856—1943)
Tesla worked on electromagnetism and AC current.He obtained around 300 patents worldwide for his inventions from electricity to radio transmission,but many inventions developed by Tesla were not put into patent protection.He played a key role in the development of modern electricity.
James Clerk Maxwell (1831—1879)
Maxwell made great progress in understanding electromagnetism.His research in electricity and kinetics laid the foundation for quantum(量子) physics.Einstein said of Maxwell,“The work of James Clerk Maxwell changed the world forever.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了四位科学家,他们是社会的重要贡献者,为社会变革做出了巨大的贡献。
(　　)21.What contribution did Louis Pasteur make to society
[A]The development of medicine.
[B]Radio-chemistry.
[C]Modern electricity.
[D]Quantum physics.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句可知,Louis Pasteur促进了医学的发展。
故选A。
(　　)22.Who was thought highly of by Einstein
[A]Louis Pasteur.
[B]Otto Hahn.
[C]Nikola Tesla.
[D]James Clerk Maxwell.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句可知,爱因斯坦对James Clerk Maxwell的评价很高。故选D。
(　　)23.What can we infer about the four people
[A]They are medical pioneers.
[B]They are Nobel Prize winners.
[C]They are great contributors to society.
[D]They are founders of modern physics.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知,他们四位都是社会的重要贡献者,为社会变革做出了巨大的贡献。故选C。
B
As a kid in Rochester,I sent an evening newspaper,The Times Union,with a friend.We had two routes.Once when my friend went on a trip with his family,I had my two younger brothers help me.We developed a system.We put the papers in a wheelbarrow which I’d push up the street as fast as I could.They’d take the papers and run them to people’s doorsteps.We could do the whole route in 20 minutes.
When I look back,I realise I’ve asked myself three questions about each job I’ve taken: Is it interesting Will I learn a lot Who will I work for At 22,I had to design my own programme,from choosing the textbook to planning the course outline.
After graduation in 1983,I got a job as a market analyst at Chase Manhattan Bank.In 1986,a friend told me about a job as an investment specialist at Vanguard.I knew nothing about Vanguard.I took an interview with about 20 people there,and it was clear to me I was not the best for the position.But Jack Brennan,who was then the CFO (he later became CEO),
talked about his idea and Midwestern values.It was a completely different point of view compared with what I had found in New York.I hoped that the Vanguard people would offer me the job,and they did.
When you accept a new job,timing can be everything.I’ve been the CEO since August last year.I’ve been part of the leadership team for almost 23 years.Before I took Jack’s place,I was the managing director.What has surprised me most about my present position is that time management skills are even more important than before.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者的职业生涯经历:从小时候卖报纸,到大学毕业后做市场分析师,然后接受新的工作并最终成为CEO。
(　　)24.What do we know about the writer’s childhood
[A]He developed a system with his friend.
[B]The system did little good to his work.
[C]He worked as a newspaper delivery boy.
[D]His friend moved to another city with his family.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“As a kid in Rochester,I sent an evening newspaper,The Times Union,with a friend.”可知,作者在童年时期和朋友送过报纸。故选C。
(　　)25.How do you think of the writer
[A]Creative and self-administered.
[B]Determined and wealthy.
[C]Warm-hearted and innocent.
[D]Different and ambitious.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“We developed a system.”以及第二段最后一句“At 22,I had to design my own programme,from choosing the textbook to planning the course outline.”可知,作者开发系统,设计自己的程序,说明他很有创造力;根据第二段中的“When I look back,I realise I’ve asked myself three questions about each job I’ve taken”可知,作者对自己从事的工作都要问三个问题,由此可推知,作者是一个有自我管理能力的人。故选A。
(　　)26.Why did the writer hope he could be employed by Vanguard
[A]Because he was the best for the position.
[B]Because he was just out of work from the bank.
[C]Because the company was not far from his house.
[D]Because Jack Brennan’s idea and values interested him.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But Jack Brennan...talked about his idea and Midwestern values.It was a completely different point of view compared with what I had found in New York.”可知,Jack Brennan谈到一些他的想法和中西部地区的价值观念时,作者发现这与之前他在纽约发现的完全不同,这让他很感兴趣,所以他想留下来。故选D。
(　　)27.What is the passage mainly about
[A]The benefit of never losing hope.
[B]The importance of time management.
[C]The author’s career planning experience.
[D]The reason why the author wanted to be a CEO.
【答案】 C
【解析】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“As a kid in Rochester,I sent an evening newspaper,
The Times Union,with a friend.”可知,此处描述的是作者在童年时期和朋友送报纸挣钱;第二段中的“At 22,I had to design my own programme,from choosing the textbook to planning the course outline.”描写的是作者开始规划未来;根据第三段中的“After graduation in 1983,I got a job as a market analyst at Chase Manhattan Bank.”可知,此处讲述的是大学毕业后的职业规划;根据最后一段中的“When you accept a new job...I’ve been part of the leadership team for almost 23 years.”可知,作者去年成为CEO并且进入领导层有23年了。综上所述,本文主要讲述的是作者的职业规划经历。故选C。
C
Rich variety exists in primates(灵长目动物).Monkeys roll on snowy Japanese mountains,
gorillas chew fruit on Sumatra,lemurs jump between trees in Madagascar,and the naked apes—humans—walk proudly on two legs worldwide.Scientists can now study the DNA differences beyond that diversity,thanks to a databank of genomes(基因组) from 233 species.
To understand the good and bad of human evolution—both our extraordinary adaptations and disease-causing changes—scientists must compare the genomes of Homo sapiens (智人) to our closest evolutionary relatives,the primates.But researchers investigating diverse topics,from contemporary genetic diseases to human origins,have long faced a roadblock when pursuing this approach: While genomic data exist from millions of people,most of the 500-plus primate species never had their genomes read.So,in 2019,Tomàs Marquès-Bonet at the Institute of Evolutionary Biology,in Barcelona,Spain,and other biologists teamed up with disease researchers at a technologically advanced company,determined to obtain as many primate genomes as possible.
With the permission of local laws,the international researchers obtained hundreds of blood samples from wild and caged animals in South America,Africa,and Asia.Arranging DNA from these samples and adding data from previous studies,the team built a bank of 809 genomes from individual baboons,gorillas,gibbons,and more,representing nearly half the known primate species.
The data revealed insights about human origins and health,as well as primate conservation,published by more than 100 scientists across 10 papers in Science and Science Advances in June 2023.One study trained artificial intelligence to search human genomes for DNA differences likely to cause disease,based on whether nonhuman primates can live with those variants.According to Marquès-Bonet,“We now have a really good list of the foundations of our species” and “a good idea of the kind of variations that are tolerated in any primate”—including humans.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了科学家们通过灵长类动物基因组数据库来研究DNA的差异。
(　　)28.What can we learn from Paragraph 1
[A]Primates vary mainly in habitats.
[B]Scientists focus on the diversity of primates.
[C]There are 233 species of primates in the world.
[D]Primate genomes are important for studying the DNA differences.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知,灵长类动物的基因组对于研究DNA的差异非常重要。故选D。
(　　)29.Why did the scientists build the databank of genomes
[A]To understand the strength and drawback of human evolution.
[B]To help humans adapt to the environment.
[C]To investigate the process of human evolution.
[D]To cure humans’ various genetic diseases.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,科学家们建立基因组数据库是为了了解人类进化的优点与不足之处。故选A。
(　　)30.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
[A]The reasons for building the databank.
[B]The process of building the databank.
[C]The impacts of building the databank.
[D]The difficulties in building the databank.
【答案】 B
【解析】 段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知,该段介绍的是建立数据库的过程。故选B。
(　　)31.What does Marquès-Bonet think of the databank
[A]It still needs to be improved.
[B]It is of great value to future research.
[C]It is of little help to future research.
[D]It is unclear whether it’s of help to future research.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知,这个研究对今后的研究具有重要的价值。故选B。
D
He Zehui,a Chinese nuclear physicist,accomplished great things in physics and became an outstanding scientist.
Her family is famous for producing three famous women scientists,including her two sisters.She graduated from Tsinghua University in 1936 with a degree in physics,and then went on to study at the Technical University of Berlin,where she was the top in her class,
outperforming her future husband Qian Sanqiang—China’s “father of the atomic bomb”.In 1940,she earned a PhD in Engineering.
The couple made great discoveries in the field of uranium fission(铀核裂变),which drew global attention and earned them worldwide reputations,also marking a milestone in the development of China’s experimental fission physics.Many Western media called the couple the “Marie Curie and Pierre Curie of China”.
As one of the pioneers in nuclear science and technology in China,He contributed a great deal to nuclear physics.During the 1950s,she started the research and development of nuclear emulsions(核乳胶) in China and their research reached the advanced world level at that time.He and her research group took the lead in building China’s first nuclear reactor and accelerator.She was awarded the first Award of the National Prize of Natural Sciences for making outstanding achievements in supporting the national programme of nuclear weapon development.
Throughout her career,He conquered many obstacles,and was always on the front lines of China’s science-related work.She published dozens of papers yet placed little value on personal fame.The world’s top physicists recognised He as a famous scientist,“Chinese Marie Curie”.
He passed away in Beijing in 2011 at the age of 97,nearly 20 years after Qian Sanqiang.
She dedicated herself to science,living a simple life,always nurturing young researchers and maintaining the highest standards that she had always valued.She loved her country and science; to both she is now an icon.
【语篇导读】 本文是人物传记。文章介绍了“中国的居里夫人”何泽慧及其成就。
(　　)32.What is the focus of Paragraph 2 about He Zehui
[A]Identity background.
[B]Character personalities.
[C]Education experiences.
[D]Profession competence.
【答案】 C
【解析】 段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知,本段主要介绍何泽慧的教育经历。故选C。
(　　)33.What do we know about Qian Sanqiang
[A]He died following his wife in 1991.
[B]He won the first Award of the National Prize of Natural Sciences.
[C]He assisted He Zehui to develop fission physics.
[D]He is also a remarkable Chinese scientist.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句和第三段介绍的夫妻俩的成就可知,其丈夫钱三强也是一位伟大的中国科学家。故选D。
(　　)34.Why is He Zehui acknowledged as the “Chinese Marie Curie”
[A]For her great contributions to nuclear physics.
[B]For her accomplishment in the atomic bomb.
[C]For her continuous achievement in natural science.
[D]For her research of nuclear emulsions.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段内容、第三段的最后一句和第四段的第一句可知,因何泽慧对中国的核物理做出了巨大贡献,所以被称为“中国的居里夫人”。故选A。
(　　)35.How can we fittingly describe He Zehui
[A]Ambitious,talented,conservative and determined.
[B]Unselfish,patriotic,indifferent to fame and devoted to science.
[C]Aggressive,imaginative,strong in mind and kind in heart.
[D]Knowledgeable,awesome,creative and sociable.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的第二句和最后一段内容可知,何泽慧淡泊名利、爱国、乐于助人,献身于中国的科学事业,有极高的科研素养,对中国的核物理的研究和发展做出了极大的贡献,是值得我们学习的杰出的核物理学家。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Albert Einstein was born in Ulm,Germany on 14 March,1879.36.　　　 Einstein was so smart that at age 16 he wrote his first paper.However,Einstein did badly at school.37.　　 　
He ended up at college in Switzerland.His grades meant it was difficult to get a job after college,but a friend found him work finally.
Albert had a great year in 1905,publishing (发表) four scientific papers!38.　　　 One of the things he researched was that energy and mass (质量) are different forms of the same thing.This was explained by his famous equation E=mc2.In 1909 Albert was finally made a professor at the University of Zurich.He continued improving his work,and in 1916 he published his theory of general relativity (广义相对论).
In 1919,one of Albert’s theories was proved,making him the most famous scientist alive!
39.　　　 His work changed the way we think about time and space,and also helped with developments like the television.
40.　 　　 And in 1933,Albert decided to stay in the USA forever.He became an American in 1940.Sadly,Einstein’s work with atoms (原子) led to the invention of the atomic bomb.Albert spent the rest of his life taking part in activities for world peace.He died in 1955.
A.Albert spent lots of time in America.
B.Einstein loved to use his imagination.
C.His work turned modern physics on its head.
D.Even as an adult,Einstein was disorganised.
E.As a child,he enjoyed solving maths problems.
F.And he won the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics.
G.One teacher even said he’d never achieve anything!
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章介绍了Albert Einstein的生平。
36.【答案】 E
【解析】 上文“Albert Einstein was born in Ulm,Germany on 14 March,1879.”介绍了爱因斯坦的出生日期和出生地;下文“Einstein was so smart that at age 16 he wrote his first paper.”介绍了爱因斯坦 16岁时的成就;结合全文内容可知,文章按照时间顺序展开,由此可推知,E选项介绍爱因斯坦孩童时期的情况,符合语境。故选E。
37.【答案】 G
【解析】 根据上文“However,Einstein did badly at school.”可知,爱因斯坦在学校时成绩不好;下文“He ended up at college in Switzerland.His grades meant it was difficult to get a job after college”说明虽然他最终上了大学,但成绩不好;G选项承接上文进一步说明爱因斯坦在学校成绩不好,与上下文表达的意思一致;句中的“One teacher”与上文中的“at school”相呼应。故选G。
38.【答案】 C
【解析】 上文“Albert had a great year in 1905,publishing(发表)four scientific papers!”介绍了爱因斯坦在1905年所取得的研究成就。由此可推知,空处应陈述他的研究的意义。C选项符合语境。故选C。
39.【答案】 F
【解析】 上文“In 1919,one of Albert’s theories was proved,making him the most famous scientist alive!”提到爱因斯坦的某个理论于1919年被证实,他成为当时世界上最著名的科学家;下文“His work changed the way we think about time and space,and also helped with developments like the television.”阐述了爱因斯坦研究成果的重大意义;F选项符合文章的时间顺序,承接上文,说明爱因斯坦的某个理论被证实后他所取得的奖项,符合语境。故选F。
40.【答案】 A
【解析】 下文“And in 1933,Albert decided to stay in the USA forever.”说明爱因斯坦于1933年决定定居美国。A选项符合语境,选项中的“spent lots of time in America”与下文中的“decided to stay in the USA forever”相呼应。故选A。
第三部分　语言运用(共两节,满分 30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I used to be fit.But　41　 a mounting list of injuries,the most active workout I do these days is　42　 in front of the TV.But when I　43　 a big European study on the benefits of chair yoga (瑜伽) in the newspaper,I decided to try it.Chair yoga　44　 poses like twists (转动) and bends that are changed to be done while sitting on a chair.
I choose a chair yoga video on a podcast website.The 10-minute　45　 is a combination of slow movements every day.In each　46　 my body remembers all that yoga I used to do 15 years ago.That isn’t to　47　 it’s not challenging.And　48　 I probably couldn’t get through a regular yoga class anymore,this way I still get to experience some of the sense of focus and　49　 of being in that yoga “flow”.Because it’s not too high　50　 I can even do it in that　51　 dead time in the evenings when I’m too tired to work but I can’t settle into a TV show because my kid isn’t in bed yet.
Chair yoga probably isn’t going to turn me into a　52　 gym girl,but I notice that my neck and shoulders—　53　 sore (疼痛的) from staring at a computer—become less tight,
and it’s also useful for helping my 　54　.It’s almost like mentally changing the channel—even for such a short period of time.It 　55　 my brain—from a state of great anger to one of just breathing.I’ll take it.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者通过做椅子瑜伽对自己的状况进行
改善。
[文章脉络]
When I came across a big European study on the benefits of chair yoga,I decided to try it.
I choose a chair yoga video on a podcast website.
I experienced some of the sense of focus and accomplishment of being in that yoga “flow”.
Chair yoga helps my neck and shoulders become less tight,and it’s also useful for helping my mood.
(　　)41.[A]apart from [B]instead of
[C]as for [D]thanks to
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据“the most active workout I do these days is 　42　 in front of the TV”可知,此处指由于(thanks to)作者的伤病不断增加。故选D。
(　　)42.[A]sleeping [B]jogging
[C]lying [D]stretching
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据“a mounting list of injuries”可知,作者最活跃的锻炼是在电视机前做简单的拉伸 (stretching)。故选D。
(　　)43.[A]carried out [B]came across
[C]began with [D]turned to
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据“a big European study on the benefits of chair yoga (瑜伽) in the newspaper,I decided to try it”可知,作者偶然看到(came across)报纸上介绍的椅子瑜伽的好处。故选B。
(　　)44.[A]involves [B]indicates
[C]performs [D]handles
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据“poses like twists (转动) and bends that are changed to be done while sitting on a chair”可知,这里指椅子瑜伽所包含(involves)的内容。故选A。
(　　)45.[A]challenge [B]effect
[C]routine [D]treatment
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据“is a combination of slow movements every day”可知,这里指作者每天做10分钟的椅子瑜伽,所以是每天的常规运动(routine)。故选C。
(　　)46.[A]position [B]matter
[C]method [D]habit
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据“my body remembers all that yoga I used to do 15 years ago”可知,因为作者15年前做过瑜伽,所以仍然记得每一个姿势(position)。故选A。
(　　)47.[A]announce [B]say
[C]mention [D]expect
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据“And 　48　 I probably couldn’t get through...and 　49　 of being in that yoga ‘flow’.”可知,椅子瑜伽对作者来说还是具有挑战性的。that isn’t to say是固定搭配,意为“那并不是说”。故选B。
(　　)48.[A]while [B]before
[C]since [D]if
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据“I probably couldn’t get through a regular yoga class...and 　49　 of being in that yoga ‘flow’”可知,前后句之间为转折关系,虽然(while)作者无法完成常规的瑜伽课程,但作者仍然能够体验到瑜伽中的一些专注感和成就感。故选A。
(　　)49.[A]belonging
[B]possession
[C]accomplishment
[D]safety
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据“some of the sense of focus”可知,作者可以体验到瑜伽中的一些专注感和成就(accomplishment)感。故选C。
(　　)50.[A]operation [B]energy
[C]show [D]focus
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据“I can even do it in that 　51　 dead time in the evenings when I’m too tired to work”可知,作者做椅子瑜伽不需要太多的精力(energy)。故选B。
(　　)51.[A]amazing [B]frightening
[C]puzzling [D]annoying
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据“when I’m too tired to work”可知,作者可以在晚上恼人的(annoying)空白时间做椅子瑜伽。故选D。
(　　)52.[A]stone-hearted [B]fresh-faced
[C]single-minded [D]good-shaped
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据“but I notice that my neck and shoulders...become less tight,and it’s also useful for helping my 　54　”可知,虽然椅子瑜伽可能不会让作者变成一个身材好的(good-shaped)健身女孩,但可以改善作者脖子和肩膀的疼痛问题。故选D。
(　　)53.[A]constantly [B]rarely
[C]suddenly [D]merely
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据“staring at a computer”和常识可知,因为长时间盯着电脑,脖子和肩膀经常(constantly)酸痛。故选A。
(　　)54.[A]situation [B]behaviour
[C]mood [D]brain
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据“but I notice that my neck and shoulders—　53　 sore (疼痛的) from staring at a computer”可知,椅子瑜伽对改善作者的情绪(mood)也很有用。故选C。
(　　)55.[A]affects [B]resets
[C]controls [D]defends
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据“It’s almost like mentally changing the channel—even for such a short period of time.”和“from a state of great anger to one of just breathing”可知,椅子瑜伽重置(resets)了作者的大脑,改变了作者的状态。故选B。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science
56.　　　　Qian Xuesen.Born in Shanghai in 1911,Qian went to the United States for further studies in 1935.Soon as a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology,he and his colleagues 57.　　　　(found) the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the 1940s,now one of NASA’s leading space-exploration centres.
58.　　　　 (overcome) many difficulties in the US,Qian eventually returned to China in 1955.He received a 59.　　　　(hero) welcome from his homeland.At that time,in poor China,its rocket science was undeveloped—No majors in rocket science;No talents;No experts.Nevertheless,Qian didn’t let that discourage him from taking 60.　　　　 the challenge.His reply to “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles ” was a 61.　　　 　
(determine) “Why not We Chinese are able to make the same things 62.　　　　 other people make.”
Under Qian’s leadership,China developed the Dongfeng missiles and launched its first man-made satellite.Even much of the technology behind the Shenzhou spacecraft can also
63.　　　　 (trace) back to Qian’s research,so he earned the name of “the father of China’s aerospace”.
Qian was extremely knowledgeable,especially in the area of frontier science research.
However,64.　　　　 might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things,such as music and drawing.His deep appreciation for art often gave him 65.　 　　　 (inspire) in his scientific research.
On 31 October 2009,the whole country was saddened by Qian’s death,and people honoured and remembered him in different ways.
【语篇导读】 本文是人物传记。文章介绍了钱学森对中国航天科学的影响以及突出贡献。
56.【答案】 than　
【解析】 考查介词。空前有形容词比较级greater。故填than。
57.【答案】 founded　
【解析】 考查时态。此处动词作谓语,根据时间状语in the 1940s可知,用一般过去时。故填founded。
58.【答案】 Having overcome　
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。此处动词作非谓语,与逻辑主语Qian之间是主动关系,设空处动作发生在主句动作之前,故用现在分词的完成式,即having done结构。故填Having overcome。
59.【答案】 hero’s　
【解析】 考查名词所有格。设空处后是名词welcome,设空处应作定语修饰welcome,故此处用名词所有格形式,即hero’s。故填hero’s。
60.【答案】 on　
【解析】 考查固定搭配。固定短语take on意为“接受”,故设空处应填介词on。
61.【答案】 determined　
【解析】 考查形容词。此处应用形容词作定语。故填determined。
62.【答案】 that　
【解析】 考查定语从句。此处引导定语从句,修饰先行词things,同时在从句中作宾语,先行词前有the same修饰,关系代词只能用that。故填that。
63.【答案】 be traced　
【解析】 考查语态和主谓一致。此处主语为“much of the technology”与谓语动词trace之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,又因空前有情态动词can,be动词应用原形。故填be traced。
64.【答案】 what　
【解析】 考查名词性从句。此处缺少引导主语从句的连接词,意为“什么”,故用连接代词what来引导主语从句。故填what。
65.【答案】 inspiration　
【解析】 考查名词。结合语意可知,此处意为“灵感”,故用名词inspiration,抽象名词不可数。故填inspiration。
第四部分　写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假设你是李华,你的外国笔友John来信说,他在自学汉语时,发现汉语的发音很难掌握。请你给他回信,内容包括:
1.表示理解;
2.提出建议。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear John,
Yours,
Li Hua
[写作指导]
　　One possible version:
Dear John,
Knowing that you have trouble learning the Chinese pronunciation,I think it doesn’t matter.After all,it’s difficult for foreigners to grasp it.However,some practical approaches are of great help.
Obviously,it is highly recommended to refer to Xinhua Dictionary when you come across a challenging Chinese character.Then,with mobile phones catching on,some Chinese learning apps are increasingly popular with Chinese learners because they are so handy and quick that you can acquire the pronunciation.
I know for sure that you will make much progress in learning Chinese pronunciation.It is welcome to write to me whenever you are in trouble.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As Amy walked home from school one afternoon,she saw images of symmetry (对称) all around her: in the faces of people,in the buildings she passed,and in the cars that went by.Even the autumn leaves that covered the sidewalk.A butterfly landed on a branch above her,and Amy suddenly stopped.She held her breath and smiled,watching as it opened and closed its perfectly symmetrical wings.
All that month,Amy’s class had been studying different forms of symmetry,and Amy was deeply attracted.They’d observed the mirror symmetry of violins and the rotational symmetry of starfish.They’d even studied symmetry using a microscope and recorded the beauty with a phone camera.Now Mr Garcia,their science teacher,had given them their final assignment: to find the most beautiful example of symmetry and give a report to the class on it.
“The most beautiful example of symmetry.What on earth could that be ” Amy asked herself.She finally decided to use her microscope to find one.Amy spent hours in the garden on the examination of cells,pieces of rock,and drops of pond water.Although she was amazed by what she saw,none was truly beautiful.
“What are you bringing to class ” Amy asked her friend Cathy on the bus ride to school.“A model airplane,” replied Cathy proudly.“And my brother Mathew is bringing his guitar.” Those things are nice,thought Amy,but there must be something more beautiful.
That evening,she stayed with her microscope until her father called out,“Get inside,Amy.It’s freezing outside.The weather forecast says it’s going to snow.”
Amy’s heart sank.There would be fewer things to study under the microscope.Snow would cover the area like a blanket,hiding everything from sight.Her assignment was due in just a few days.Amy began to feel panic as she was packing up her microscope.Then she caught sight of something white blown onto the stage of her microscope.Yes! The snowflake (雪花)! She looked through the microscope and was amazed by its beauty.
注意:续写词数应为 150个左右。
Paragraph 1:
“I have to show it to my class,” Amy cried excitedly.
Paragraph 2:
Finally,it was the day to report.
[情节构建]
情节线 情感线
速读文章定要素 Who Amy and Amy’s father 疑惑 恐慌 激动 惊讶、疑惑 高兴、自豪
When One night after a month of learning forms of symmetry
Where Outside the home
What Amy accidentally discovered the beautiful and symmetrical snowflake and decided to report it to her classmates and science teacher.
明确冲突定主题 Conflict & Clue Conflict:Amy wanted to share snowflakes as symmetrical forms with the whole class,but snowflakes could melt before she arrived at school. Clue: They’d even studied symmetry using a microscope and recorded the beauty with a phone camera.
Theme Amy captured the disappearing snowflakes and shared the photos with her classmates and science teacher.
预设问题定走向 Para.1 “I have to show it to my class,” Amy cried excitedly. Q1:What surprised Amy when she took a closer look through the microscope Q2:What might happen when Amy wanted to take away the snowflakes Q3:What would Amy do next to achieve her goal of sharing snowflakes with her class
Para.2 Finally,it was the day to report. Q1:What did Amy do on the day to report Q2:What might be the reactions of her classmates and science teacher after Amy’s sharing Q3:What might be Amy’s psychological change
　　One possible version:
“I have to show it to my class,” Amy cried excitedly.She looked through the microscope again to take a closer look and was surprised to find that there was nothing there! The snowflake had disappeared,taking all of its beauty with it. “No! Wait!” cried Amy.She had to take the snowflake to class,but how It could melt before she got on the school bus! Suddenly,an idea flashed through her mind.She ran to her house and picked up her camera.
Within minutes,she had managed to attach it to the microscope.She carefully placed another snowflake on the microscope’s stage and took a series of pictures.
Finally,it was the day to report. Amy took the photos to the class,which surprised the classmates and the science teacher.Each snowflake was different,symmetrical,and unbelievably beautiful.They were excited to see the most beautiful example of symmetry.The teacher praised Amy for her careful observation,which made Amy happy and proud.
点津:中taking all of its beauty with it为现在分词短语作状语。
中before she got on the school bus 为before引导的时间状语从句。
中which surprised the classmates and the science teacher为which引导的非限制性定语从句,补充说明主句中photos引起的效果。
中which made Amy happy and proud为which引导的非限制性定语从句,补充说明主句教师表扬Amy的细致观察这件事所引起的效果。

展开更多......

收起↑