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名词性从句
Step 1　语法精讲·先测后悟巩固提升
一、引导词
【自我检测】
1.Beijing will carry out measures to help bridge _____ has become a digital
divide for many older people to make sure they share in the benefits of a
smart society.
2.Many of us read poetry simply because we often feel depressed and hopelessly
lost, and in poetry we see _____ beautiful and strange everything is.
3.To improve efficiency, a tea-picking robot was made and it is in trial operation
now.It can position ______ the target bud and leaf are and cut them precisely.
what
how
where
【要点集结】
　　名词性从句由不同的引导词引导,从句一般保持陈述语序。
　　引导名词性从句的连接词可分为3类:
点1 that引导的名词性从句
that只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有任何意义。该从句作主语通常用it作形式主语,而将从句置于句末。
※Scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way into the human body.(同位语从句)
※It is suggested that we should limit the amount of cars to improve our environment. (主语从句)
考点2 wh-词引导的名词性从句
wh-词包括who、whom、whose、whoever、what、whatever、which、whichever等连接代词和where、when、why等连接副词。wh-词既起连接作用,还可充当主语、宾语和表语等。从句作主语也常用it作形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末。
※It remains to be seen how these obstacles will help or hurt its economy.
【点津】
(1)what引导的名词性从句
what作连接代词引导的名词性从句既可以表示一个问“什么…… ”的问题, 也可以表示相当于“名词/代词+关系代词引导的定语从句”的结构,意思是“所……的事/物”, 相当于the thing(s) that/which...。
※This is what (=the thing that)we have been looking forward to for years.
(2)wh-ever既可引导名词性从句,又可引导让步状语从句;而no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句。
※The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.
※No one is allowed to break the regulations, whoever he is.
考点3 if、whether引导的名词性从句
1.引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时一般用whether, 不用if。
※The question is whether technology is going to be our servant or our master.
2.whether与if引导宾语从句时大多数情况下可以互换, 但下列情况只能用whether。
(1)后面直接跟or not时。
※They now have two weeks to decide whether or not to buy it.
(2)用于介词后引导宾语从句时。
※But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses.
【即时巩固】
1.(2026·东北三省模拟) ______ makes Yunjin special is its complicated
weaving process, requiring two workers to operate a large wooden loom
(织布机) together.
2.(2026·长沙模拟)It is estimated _____ about 60 percent of domestic rice
consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid
strain.
3.(2026·广东模拟)However, _____ truly stood out was a touching moment
on the podium(领奖台).
What
that
what
4.(2026·陕西模拟)One newly uploaded video showed _____ she turned a
woodshed into a woodland cloakroom(衣帽间), and the other showcased
her craft using the intangible cultural heritage—Chinese lacquerware(漆器) techniques.
5.(2026·武汉模拟)_________ it was possible to develop a hybrid of
self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.
how
Whether
二、主语从句
【要点集结】
　　主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
【点津】it作形式主语的句型有:
(1)It+be+名词+从句
It is a fact that... 事实是……
It is good news that... ……是好消息
It is a question that... ……是个问题
It is common knowledge that... ……是常识
类似的可用于该结构的词还有:a pity、a wonder、a good thing、no wonder、a surprise等。
※It is good news that our team has won the championship.
※It is a pity that I have missed a wonderful boxing match.
(2)It+be+形容词+从句
It is necessary that...有必要……
It is clear that... 很清楚……
It is likely that... 很可能……
It is important that... 重要的是……
类似的可用于该结构的形容词还有:strange、natural、obvious、true、good、wonderful、possible、unlikely、unusual、certain、evident、worthwhile、surprising、interesting、astonishing等。
※It is likely that the goods have met with some accident on the way.
※It is strange that he should have gone away without telling us.
(3)It+be+过去分词+从句
It is said that...据说……
It is reported that...据报道……
It has been proved that...已证明……
It must be pointed out that...必须指出……
类似的可用于该结构的过去分词(词组)还有:known、estimated、expected、believed、thought、hoped、noted、discussed、required、decided、suggested、demanded、made clear、found out等。
※It is reported that the affected area is under further detailed investigation.
※It has been proved that every substance, no matter what it is, is made up of atoms.
【即时巩固】
1.______ makes the Qatar World Cup unique is the kind of technology China is
providing.
2.But _____ was pleasantly surprising was that the lingering fragrance of the
tea and the crunchy texture of the shrimp won the emperor over.
3.The scientists believe _____ caused whales to get so large was a change in
the Earth’s climate only about 3 million years ago.
What
what
what
4.(2022·全国甲卷) ______ people forget is that the Italians, when they came to
Australia, brought 2,000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3,000 years,
and the Chinese more still.
5.However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does
it really matter ______ my motivation lies
What
where
三、宾语从句
【要点集结】
　　宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用,既可作动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语(作介词的宾语时必须由wh-疑问词引导)。
考点1 that的省略与否
　　that引导宾语从句时, 在句中不充当任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。但如果是由and连接两个并列的宾语从句时,第二个宾语从句前的that不可省略。
※He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.
考点2 句子的语序
　　由who、whom、which、whose、what、when、where、why、how、whoever、whichever等引导的宾语从句,应注意从句的语序要用陈述语序。
※Can you explain why he didn’t come to the party last Sunday
【点津】
(1)think、believe、imagine、suppose等动词引导的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式,即将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中。
※I don’t think the food here agrees with me.
※We don’t believe he stole money from the shop.
(2)动词 doubt 用在疑问句或否定句中时,其后宾语从句常用 that 作连接词;用在肯定句中时,连接词用 whether 或 if 皆可,而不用 that。
※Do you doubt that he will win the match
※I don’t doubt that he can do a good job of it.
※He often doubts whether/if he is adequate as a father.
【即时巩固】
1.(2026·江苏模拟)Legend has it _____ Yu the Great was rewarded with a piece
of Nian Gao by the emperor for his heroic deeds.
2.(2026·辽宁模拟)Besides, many more people doubt __________ these
collectors will wash their hands after dealing with the trash.
3.(2026·内蒙古模拟)To understand _____ lies behind the trait(特征),
researchers studied Qizai, a male brown panda rescued as a cub in 2009 from
Foping National Nature Reserve in Hanzhong.
that
whether/if
what
4.But as long as we keep the ancient exchanges running, we have a way to
remember and understand ______ we come from.
5.By creating organized to-do lists, you can prioritize the things you need to
do, keep track of _____ still needs to be completed, and feel productive and
prepared in all areas of your life.
where
what
四、表语从句
【要点集结】
　　表语从句除了用that、what、when、why、whether、how等引导外,还可由because、as if(though)等引导。that 引导表语从句,无任何意义,只起连接作用,不可省略。
※Without his support, we wouldn’t be where we are now.
※By boat is the only way to get here, which is how we arrived.
※It looks as if a sandstorm is coming up.
※The fact of the matter is that most people consume far more protein than they actually need.
【点津】
(1)whether可引导表语从句,但与之同义的if不用于引导表语从句。
※The question is whether he will join us next time.
(2)That is because...指原因或理由。That is why...指由于各种原因所造成的后果。
※He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.
※He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.
(3)当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不用because。
※The reason why I was late was that my car broke down on the way.
【即时巩固】
1.Why the trees here are to be cut down in a planned way is _____ people
would doubt.
2.Younger generations have a real sense of cultural heritage, and that’s _____
I am incredibly optimistic about the future of the craft.
3.It suggests simply eating smaller meals,less frequently, is _____ ultimately
leads to weight loss.
what
why
what
4.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The core (核心) of your relationship is _____ you will
always be there to help each other.
5.The real problem is ________ or not you can finish the task on your own
on time.
that
whether
五、同位语从句
【要点集结】
　　同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明,一般用连词that引导。由于名词的意义不同,也可用whether、who、when、where、what、why、how等引导。常见的后跟同位语从句的名词有fact、idea、belief、news、hope、conclusion、evidence、suggestion、order、problem、report、decision、word(消息)等。
※We came to the decision that we must act at once.
※I have no idea when he will come back.
※We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice.
【即时巩固】
1.The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact _____
your friend may feel abandoned.
2.It is our hope _____ in coming decades, advances in science will offer new
perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.
3.Word came _____ the experienced teacher had resigned from his post without
any early warnings.
that
that
that
4.While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence _____ they range all the
way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
5.Despite the fact _____ peer pressure is most commonly seen as a very
negative issue, it can be seen positively in some situations.
that
that
Step 2　语法精练·体验高考素养落实
Ⅰ.高考单句语法填空
1.(2025·北京高考)The truth, though, is _____ could be guessed—there’s
never anyone else here.Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest.
2.(2024·全国甲卷) On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men
relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in _____ is now
northwestern Wyoming.
3.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) They also need to be ready to give interviews in English
with international journalists.This is _____ they need an English trainer.
what
what
why
4.(2022·浙江1月高考) Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference
organizers who invited her to speak __________ she could do so remotely;
about three-quarters of the time, they agreed.
5.(2021·天津高考) What puzzles Lily’s friends is _____ she always has
so many crazy ideas.
6.(2020·浙江高考) Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on
_____ could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they
had raised and crops they had sown.
whether/if
why
what
7.(2019·北京高考) What students do at college seems to matter much more
than ______ they go.
8.(2022·全国乙卷) It is calculated _____ European railways alone spend
approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending
maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.
9.(2022·全国乙卷) Make sure you have communicated with your friend
about _____ frequently each of you wants to be contacted and _____ method
works best for you both.
where
that
how
what
10.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) He always participated to the best of his ability in
whatever they were doing.That was _____ none of the children thought it
unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team.
11.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) ______ is so breathtaking about the experience is the
out-of-this-world scenes.
12.(2021·北京高考) The poor woman wasn’t able to give him any
information about ______ she lived.
why
What
where
Ⅱ.语篇语法填空
　　An ageless question: When is someone “old”
What does “old” really mean these days This isn’t a meaningless question—not only does the definition of “old” have an outsized impact on 1._______good we feel about ourselves (not to mention 2._______ others view us), it also matters to policymakers determining 3._______ they will do to plan for aging populations.
The United Nations historically has defined older persons as people 60 years or over (sometimes 65).It didn’t matter 4._______you lived in the United States, China or Senegal, even 5._______life expectancy is quite different in each of those countries.Everyone became old at 60.
Researchers Sergei Scherbov and Warren Sanderson, who study aging, are suggesting “prospective age”, which looks to the future.Everyone with the same prospective age has the same expected remaining years of life.
Scherbov explained 6._______young and old are relative concepts, and their common reference point is life expectancy.It sounds reasonable 7._______“old” would vary between nations, especially between more-and less-developed countries, with differences in education, death rates, access to health care and life expectancy.
But 8._______ is “old” also varies widely between individuals.The point, says Scherbov, is 9._______ personal age is dependent on our “characteristics” understanding abilities, disability, health history and even education levels.Those with more education tend not to smoke, exercise more frequently, have better diets and have regular checkups, therefore, live longer, meaning 10._______the beginning of their old age comes later, says Scherbov.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了人什么时候变“老”的永恒话题。
1.【解析】how。此处为how引导的宾语从句。
2.【解析】how。not to mention 意为“更不用说”,此处为how引导的宾语从句。
3.【解析】what。句意:这对决策者决定他们要做什么来应对老龄化人口也很重要。
4.【解析】whether。句意:不管你住在美国,中国还是塞内加尔……。It是形式主语,whether引导的是主语从句。
5.【解析】if/though。句意:尽管那些国家的平均寿命相差很大。even if/though意为“即使;尽管”。
6.【解析】that。此处为that引导的宾语从句。
7.【解析】that。It是形式主语,that引导的是真正的主语从句。
8.【解析】who。此处为who引导的主语从句。
9.【解析】that。句意:Scherbov说,关键在于个人的年龄取决于我们的“特征”理解能力、残疾、健康史,甚至教育程度。此处为that引导的表语从句。
10.【解析】that。此处为that引导的宾语从句。第7讲　名词性从句
Step 1　语法精讲·先测后悟巩固提升
一、引导词
【自我检测】
1.Beijing will carry out measures to help bridge what has become a digital divide for many older people to make sure they share in the benefits of a smart society.
2.Many of us read poetry simply because we often feel depressed and hopelessly lost, and in poetry we see how beautiful and strange everything is.
3.To improve efficiency, a tea-picking robot was made and it is in trial operation now.It can position where the target bud and leaf are and cut them precisely.
【要点集结】
　　名词性从句由不同的引导词引导,从句一般保持陈述语序。
　　引导名词性从句的连接词可分为3类:
考点1 that引导的名词性从句
that只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有任何意义。该从句作主语通常用it作形式主语,而将从句置于句末。
※Scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way into the human body.(同位语从句)
※It is suggested that we should limit the amount of cars to improve our environment. (主语从句)
考点2 wh-词引导的名词性从句
wh-词包括who、whom、whose、whoever、what、whatever、which、whichever等连接代词和where、when、why等连接副词。wh-词既起连接作用,还可充当主语、宾语和表语等。从句作主语也常用it作形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末。
※It remains to be seen how these obstacles will help or hurt its economy.
【点津】
(1)what引导的名词性从句
what作连接代词引导的名词性从句既可以表示一个问“什么…… ”的问题, 也可以表示相当于“名词/代词+关系代词引导的定语从句”的结构,意思是“所……的事/物”, 相当于the thing(s) that/which...。
※This is what (=the thing that)we have been looking forward to for years.
(2)wh-ever既可引导名词性从句,又可引导让步状语从句;而no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句。
※The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.
※No one is allowed to break the regulations, whoever he is.
考点3 if、whether引导的名词性从句
1.引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时一般用whether, 不用if。
※The question is whether technology is going to be our servant or our master.
2.whether与if引导宾语从句时大多数情况下可以互换, 但下列情况只能用whether。
(1)后面直接跟or not时。
※They now have two weeks to decide whether or not to buy it.
(2)用于介词后引导宾语从句时。
※But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses.
【即时巩固】
1.(2026·东北三省模拟) What makes Yunjin special is its complicated weaving process, requiring two workers to operate a large wooden loom(织布机) together.
2.(2026·长沙模拟)It is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strain.
3.(2026·广东模拟)However, what truly stood out was a touching moment on the podium(领奖台).
4.(2026·陕西模拟)One newly uploaded video showed how she turned a woodshed into a woodland cloakroom(衣帽间), and the other showcased her craft using the intangible cultural heritage—Chinese lacquerware(漆器) techniques.
5.(2026·武汉模拟)Whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.
二、主语从句
【要点集结】
　　主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
【点津】it作形式主语的句型有:
(1)It+be+名词+从句
It is a fact that... 事实是……
It is good news that... ……是好消息
It is a question that... ……是个问题
It is common knowledge that... ……是常识
类似的可用于该结构的词还有:a pity、a wonder、a good thing、no wonder、a surprise等。
※It is good news that our team has won the championship.
※It is a pity that I have missed a wonderful boxing match.
(2)It+be+形容词+从句
It is necessary that...有必要……
It is clear that... 很清楚……
It is likely that... 很可能……
It is important that... 重要的是……
类似的可用于该结构的形容词还有:strange、natural、obvious、true、good、wonderful、possible、unlikely、unusual、certain、evident、worthwhile、surprising、interesting、astonishing等。
※It is likely that the goods have met with some accident on the way.
※It is strange that he should have gone away without telling us.
(3)It+be+过去分词+从句
It is said that...据说……
It is reported that...据报道……
It has been proved that...已证明……
It must be pointed out that...必须指出……
类似的可用于该结构的过去分词(词组)还有:known、estimated、expected、believed、thought、hoped、noted、discussed、required、decided、suggested、demanded、made clear、found out等。
※It is reported that the affected area is under further detailed investigation.
※It has been proved that every substance, no matter what it is, is made up of atoms.
【即时巩固】
1.What makes the Qatar World Cup unique is the kind of technology China is providing.
2.But what was pleasantly surprising was that the lingering fragrance of the tea and the crunchy texture of the shrimp won the emperor over.
3.The scientists believe what caused whales to get so large was a change in the Earth’s climate only about 3 million years ago.
4.(2022·全国甲卷) What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2,000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3,000 years, and the Chinese more still.
5.However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies
三、宾语从句
【要点集结】
　　宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用,既可作动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语(作介词的宾语时必须由wh-疑问词引导)。
考点1 that的省略与否
　　that引导宾语从句时, 在句中不充当任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。但如果是由and连接两个并列的宾语从句时,第二个宾语从句前的that不可省略。
※He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.
考点2 句子的语序
　　由who、whom、which、whose、what、when、where、why、how、whoever、whichever等引导的宾语从句,应注意从句的语序要用陈述语序。
※Can you explain why he didn’t come to the party last Sunday
【点津】
(1)think、believe、imagine、suppose等动词引导的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式,即将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中。
※I don’t think the food here agrees with me.
※We don’t believe he stole money from the shop.
(2)动词 doubt 用在疑问句或否定句中时,其后宾语从句常用 that 作连接词;用在肯定句中时,连接词用 whether 或 if 皆可,而不用 that。
※Do you doubt that he will win the match
※I don’t doubt that he can do a good job of it.
※He often doubts whether/if he is adequate as a father.
【即时巩固】
1.(2026·江苏模拟)Legend has it that Yu the Great was rewarded with a piece of Nian Gao by the emperor for his heroic deeds.
2.(2026·辽宁模拟)Besides, many more people doubt whether/if these collectors will wash their hands after dealing with the trash.
3.(2026·内蒙古模拟)To understand what lies behind the trait(特征), researchers studied Qizai, a male brown panda rescued as a cub in 2009 from Foping National Nature Reserve in Hanzhong.
4.But as long as we keep the ancient exchanges running, we have a way to remember and understand where we come from.
5.By creating organized to-do lists, you can prioritize the things you need to do, keep track of what still needs to be completed, and feel productive and prepared in all areas of your life.
四、表语从句
【要点集结】
　　表语从句除了用that、what、when、why、whether、how等引导外,还可由because、as if(though)等引导。that 引导表语从句,无任何意义,只起连接作用,不可省略。
※Without his support, we wouldn’t be where we are now.
※By boat is the only way to get here, which is how we arrived.
※It looks as if a sandstorm is coming up.
※The fact of the matter is that most people consume far more protein than they actually need.
【点津】
(1)whether可引导表语从句,但与之同义的if不用于引导表语从句。
※The question is whether he will join us next time.
(2)That is because...指原因或理由。That is why...指由于各种原因所造成的后果。
※He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.
※He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.
(3)当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不用because。
※The reason why I was late was that my car broke down on the way.
【即时巩固】
1.Why the trees here are to be cut down in a planned way is what people would doubt.
2.Younger generations have a real sense of cultural heritage, and that’s why I am incredibly optimistic about the future of the craft.
3.It suggests simply eating smaller meals,less frequently, is what ultimately leads to weight loss.
4.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
5.The real problem is whether or not you can finish the task on your own on time.
五、同位语从句
【要点集结】
　　同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明,一般用连词that引导。由于名词的意义不同,也可用whether、who、when、where、what、why、how等引导。常见的后跟同位语从句的名词有fact、idea、belief、news、hope、conclusion、evidence、suggestion、order、problem、report、decision、word(消息)等。
※We came to the decision that we must act at once.
※I have no idea when he will come back.
※We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice.
【即时巩固】
1.The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
2.It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.
3.Word came that the experienced teacher had resigned from his post without any early warnings.
4.While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence that they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
5.Despite the fact that peer pressure is most commonly seen as a very negative issue, it can be seen positively in some situations.
Step 2　语法精练·体验高考素养落实
Ⅰ.高考单句语法填空
1.(2025·北京高考)The truth, though, is what could be guessed—there’s never anyone else here.Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest.
2.(2024·全国甲卷) On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in what is now northwestern Wyoming.
3.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists.This is why they need an English trainer.
4.(2022·浙江1月高考) Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak whether/if she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed.
5.(2021·天津高考) What puzzles Lily’s friends is why she always has so many crazy ideas.
6.(2020·浙江高考) Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on what could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
7.(2019·北京高考) What students do at college seems to matter much more than where they go.
8.(2022·全国乙卷) It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.
9.(2022·全国乙卷) Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.
10.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing.That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team.
11.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
12.(2021·北京高考) The poor woman wasn’t able to give him any information about where she lived.
Ⅱ.语篇语法填空
　　An ageless question: When is someone “old”
What does “old” really mean these days This isn’t a meaningless question—not only does the definition of “old” have an outsized impact on 1._______good we feel about ourselves (not to mention 2._______ others view us), it also matters to policymakers determining 3._______ they will do to plan for aging populations.
The United Nations historically has defined older persons as people 60 years or over (sometimes 65).It didn’t matter 4._______you lived in the United States, China or Senegal, even 5._______life expectancy is quite different in each of those countries.Everyone became old at 60.
Researchers Sergei Scherbov and Warren Sanderson, who study aging, are suggesting “prospective age”, which looks to the future.Everyone with the same prospective age has the same expected remaining years of life.
Scherbov explained 6._______young and old are relative concepts, and their common reference point is life expectancy.It sounds reasonable 7._______“old” would vary between nations, especially between more-and less-developed countries, with differences in education, death rates, access to health care and life expectancy.
But 8._______ is “old” also varies widely between individuals.The point, says Scherbov, is 9._______ personal age is dependent on our “characteristics” understanding abilities, disability, health history and even education levels.Those with more education tend not to smoke, exercise more frequently, have better diets and have regular checkups, therefore, live longer, meaning 10._______the beginning of their old age comes later, says Scherbov.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了人什么时候变“老”的永恒话题。
1.【解析】how。此处为how引导的宾语从句。
2.【解析】how。not to mention 意为“更不用说”,此处为how引导的宾语从句。
3.【解析】what。句意:这对决策者决定他们要做什么来应对老龄化人口也很重要。
4.【解析】whether。句意:不管你住在美国,中国还是塞内加尔……。It是形式主语,whether引导的是主语从句。
5.【解析】if/though。句意:尽管那些国家的平均寿命相差很大。even if/though意为“即使;尽管”。
6.【解析】that。此处为that引导的宾语从句。
7.【解析】that。It是形式主语,that引导的是真正的主语从句。
8.【解析】who。此处为who引导的主语从句。
9.【解析】that。句意:Scherbov说,关键在于个人的年龄取决于我们的“特征”理解能力、残疾、健康史,甚至教育程度。此处为that引导的表语从句。
10.【解析】that。此处为that引导的宾语从句。
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