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专题三　千变万化的动词
第4讲　动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
Step 1　语法精讲·先测后悟巩固提升
一、一般时态
【自我检测】
1.An oncoming ice age made the ocean water cold and brought(bring) more nutrients, resulting in more food for large whales.
2.Zhang is the fifth Chinese female scientist to win the award.The other four winners are (be) from South Africa, the UK, Argentina and Canada.
3.This was not my first attempt to learn to ride a bike.I had tried on several occasions but always failed (fail).
【要点集结】
考点1 一般现在时(do/does; am/is/are)
1.表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always、 every time、 now and then、 occasionally、 often、 seldom、 sometimes、 usually、 every day/night等连用。
2.按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作,用一般现在时。只限于go、 arrive、 leave、 start、 stay、 return、 begin、 come等动词。
3.表示普遍真理。
4.用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。
※He plays basketball every day.
※The film starts at two o’clock.
※The earth goes round the sun.
※If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll probably find a solution that suits everyone.
考点2 一般过去时(did; was/were)
1.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况
※(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner”.
2.表示过去的习惯性动作
【点津】used to do表示“过去常常做……”
※We used to go there every year.
※We often played together when we were children.
※—Haven’t seen you for ages! Where have you been
—I went to Ningxia and stayed there for three years, teaching as a volunteer.
【即时巩固】
1.(2025·北京高考) However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left(leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year.
2.(2026·陕西模拟)Among them is(be) Adzwin Faizal, a petite young woman, who is a part of the locally renowned Yong Jun Lion Dance Association.
3.(2026·常德模拟)Take his short story “Dad’s sticky Notes”, which won(win)the gold award at the sixth Children’s Science Fiction Nebula Awards of China this past May.
4.(2026·海宁模拟)In that century and much of the 20th century, the immigrants largely flowed(flow) from China’s south-east regions, mainly Guangdong Province.
5.(2026·西安模拟)Gu kaizhi was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province in the year 348 and occupied/occupies(occupy) an important place in the history of Chinese literature.
二、进行时态
【自我检测】
1.Of course, while I was producing (produce) Thinking Better: The art of the shortcut, I read a good few books.
2.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读B改编) You put organisms in new relationships and observe what is happening (happen).
3.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写改编) Paul Revere was a silversmith (银匠) in Boston who rode a horse at night on April 18, 1775 to Lexington to warn people that British soldiers were coming (come).
【要点集结】
考点1 现在进行时(am/is/are doing)
1.表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作,虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。
2.表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作,常用的这类动词有go、 come、 leave、 start、 arrive、 return、 work、 sleep、 stay、 have、 wear等。
3.表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等(常与always、 constantly、 continually等副词连用)。
※He is listening to a tape, but he can’t hear it clearly.
※He is leaving tomorrow to play his first match.
※We are always finding new beauties in Shakespeare’s poetry.
考点2 过去进行时(was/were doing)
1.表示在过去具体的时间正在发生的动作或者表示过去某个时间段内一直在发生的事情。常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time、 at that moment、 at this time yesterday、 at ten o’clock yesterday等短语连用。
2.过去进行时可以表示过去将来的含义。
3.过去进行时和频度副词连用可以表示说话者带有褒义或贬义的感彩。
※We were playing football at this time yesterday afternoon.
※Susan had quit her well-paid job and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
※She was always arguing with him and fighting with him.
考点3 将来进行时(will/shall be doing)
表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示要从将来某一时刻开始,并继续下去的动作。
常见的标志性的时间状语有this time tomorrow、 from 1:30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m.、 the day after tomorrow等。
※I will be discussing the situation with my colleagues this time tomorrow.
【即时巩固】
1.(2023·浙江1月高考阅读B改编) I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living (live) with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me.
2.(2023·浙江1月高考阅读C改编) As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it is talking (talk) about.”
3.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读A改编) Whether you are hiking (hike) a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family.
4.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷七选五改编) One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting (wait) for you at the gym.”
5.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读B改编) I was turning (turn) the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand.
三、将来时态
【自我检测】
1.(2023·浙江1月高考阅读B改编) Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be (be) ready to jump on that bandwagon.
2.Patting me on the shoulder, he inspired me to continue writing in English and believed that I would make (make) great achievements in writing.
3.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷七选五改编) Don’t throw away your beginner art.You will want (want) to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come.
【要点集结】
考点1 一般将来时(will/shall do)
1.“shall/will+动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will+动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。
2.“be going to+动词原形”表示:(1)现在打算或计划将来要做的事情;(2)根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事情。
3.“be to+动词原形”表示:(1)预先安排好的计划或约定;(2)说话人的意志、意图、义务、命令等;(3)注定要发生的事情。
4.“be about to+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事,该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。
※We shall be punished if we break the rule.
※My daughter is going to work next year.
※They are to attempt to be the first to circle the Earth non-stop by balloon.
※Will you kindly obey the instructions I am about to give
※(2023·浙江1月高考阅读B) Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.
考点2 过去将来时
过去将来时表示在过去某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态,即过去将来时是“立足过去, 着眼未来”的一种时态, 常用于宾语从句中。
※They said they would give the police their full cooperation.
【点津】除“should/would+动词原形”外(第一人称通常用should,其他人称通常用would),过去将来时还有以下常见表达方式: was/were going to do、 was/were about to do、 was/were to do,但是表示过去的某种习惯性动作时,常用would do/used to do。
※I had a feeling you were going to have difficulty doing this.
※He was about to offer an explanation to the police.
【即时巩固】
1.(2023·全国甲卷阅读B改编) With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over the coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done.The average spend per project will be (be)around ￡823.
2.(2022·全国甲卷阅读B改编) In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be (be) another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes.
3.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读A改编) Class activities will vary (vary) from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class’ lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class.
4.This was David’s run.He had worked for it, and he would (will) not give up! As long as he was in sight, David heard people calling his name.
5.You said you would come (come) to China to learn more about the Chinese culture this year.
四、完成时态
【自我检测】
1.From writing poetry to making music, ChatGPT has amazed (amaze) the world since its launch in late 2022 by the US-based company OpenAI.
2.In 2001, his passion for China’s traditional and modern art brought him to Beijing, and he has been working/has worked (work) there ever since.
3.“Over the next three or four million years, the blue whales grew 10 times bigger than they had been(be), ” the scientists said.
【要点集结】
考点1 现在完成时(have/has done)
1.表示发生在过去而对现在仍有影响的动作,常用的时间状语:already、 just、 yet、 never、 before、 lately、 recently、 in the last/past few years、 up to now、 so far等。
2.表示从过去某时开始而延续至今的动作或状态,常与for、 since等引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。
3.在条件、时间、让步状语从句中,表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。
4.This/It is the first/second... time+that从句,that从句中谓语动词要用现在完成时。
5.It(This) is the best(worst、most interesting等)+名词+定语从句,从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。
※China’s high-speed railways have grown rapidly in the past few years.
※(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
※(2022·全国甲卷阅读A) The New Theatre has been the home of quality drama, musicals, dance and children’s shows for more than 100 years.
※I won’t pay you until you have finished this job.
※This is the first time I have left my country and set foot on foreign soil.
考点2 过去完成时(had done)
1.表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态,即过去的过去。
2.表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作,常用的时间状语:by then、 by that time、 by the end of、 by the time+句子等。
3.表示“愿望,打算”的动词(如hope、 want、 expect、 think、 mean、 suppose、 plan、 intend)用于过去完成时,表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。
4.在“hardly(scarcely)...when...” “no sooner...than...” 句型中, 主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时,意为“一……就……”。
※By that time, I had already made the decision to leave.
※I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it.
※We had no sooner had supper than we began to repair the machine.
考点3 现在完成进行时(have/has been doing)
1.表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在并且还要继续下去的动作。
※We have been waiting for him for two hours.
※(2021·全国乙卷阅读A) People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.
2.表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直反复进行的动作。
※(2020·天津高考)—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks.It’s because I have been practising a lot these days.
【即时巩固】
1.(2025·北京高考) By the time you brushed your teeth, you had made(make) several decisions even without noticing.
2.(2026·南京模拟)The village—a previously unfamous place featuring bunches of ancient stone houses that guard against coastal winds—has seen(see) bubble tea shops, homestays and camping sites emerge in recent years as the local government pushes for rural tourism.
3.(2026·江苏模拟)Tourists in ancient towns want to see the living conditions of local people, feel the vitality of town life, try local special snacks influenced by geography and folk customs, and understand how the long history has shaped(shape) local culture.
4.(2026·华南师大附中模拟)The King realized how very foolish he had been(be) himself to leave his kingdom unguarded, and he and his army returned at once to Benares.
5.(2026·西南名校联盟模拟)In the midst of green mountains and clear waters, Guiyang, located in Southwest China, has earned(earn) its reputation as the “Forest City” over the years.
五、被动语态
【自我检测】
1.Intermittent fasting, also referred to as time-restricted feeding, is a dietary strategy where all meals are consumed (consume) during a short window of time each day.
2.In 2016, Zhang was given (give) the Romer-Simpson Lifetime Achievement Award.
3.The cash will go to an organization called One Billion Meals Endowment, which was set (set) up by Dubai’s ruler Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid in 2022.
【要点集结】
　　被动语态的构成为“be+过去分词”,只要变换be的形式就可以得到不同时态的被动语态。除be外,被动语态的构成形式还有“get/become+过去分词”。
只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态,不及物动词或短语无被动语态。常考的不及物动词或短语:last、 cost、 spread、 happen(to)、 take place、 belong to、 break out、 go out、 run out、 work out。
1.被动语态的构成(以do为例)
类别 现在 过去 将来 过去将来
一般 am/is/are done was/weredone will/shall be done would/should be done
进行 am/is/are being done was/were being done — —
完成 have/has been done had been done will/shall have been done would/should have been done
2.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题
(1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。
※The reporters asked the president some questions.
→The president was asked some questions by the reporters.
→Some questions were asked the president by the reporters.
(2)主动变为被动时,宾语成主语;(作补语的)不定式前需加to(位置不变)。
※I heard him say good-bye to his friends.
→He was heard to say good-bye to his friends.
(3)动词短语变被动语态时,勿掉“尾巴”。
※This dictionary must be taken good care of.
(4)情态动词,be going to、 be to、 be sure to等结构变为被动语态时,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be+过去分词”。
※This book may not be taken out of the reading room.
(5)“get+过去分词”构成的表示被动的短语get paid/hurt等。
※They get paid twice as much as I do, but the job is exactly the same as mine.
3.主动形式表示被动含义
(1)表示感受、感官的系动词,如feel、 sound、 taste、 look等,后面跟形容词、名词构成系表结构,常常以主动形式表示被动意义,指其本身具有的属性、特征等。
(2)当sell、 read、 draw、 wash、 write、 open、 wear、 run、 burn等不及物动词后有状语(well/easily等)修饰,用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时,用主动形式表示被动含义。
※The music isn’t pleasant to listen to.
※This kind of radio doesn’t sell well.
【即时巩固】
1.(2025·北京高考)Usually, better outcomes are achieved(achieve)through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance.
2.(2026·湖北模拟)Among China’s famous ancient poets, Li Qingzhao(1084—1155) stands out for her writing and life story.Both were shown/showed(show) in dance theatre for the first time at the 23rd China Shanghai International Arts Festival.
3.(2026·河北模拟)Standing 39 centimeters tall, the Jinhou Bird Zun was used(use) in special ceremonies during the Shang Dynasty.
4.(2026·湖南模拟)The area between two parallel rivers, has been settled(settle) for about 3,000 years, but the Central Axis itself originated during the Yuan Dynasty.
5.(2026·四川模拟)A 2-meter-wide alley between the houses serving as the boundary was born(bear)with the name Liuchi Alley, which originated from the Mandarin word for six and chi.
六、主谓一致
【自我检测】
1.When you speak to a man in a language that he understands (understand), it goes to his head.
2.Many of you know that the English word for French fries is (be) “chips”, and Americans call them “French fries”.
3.The county possesses(possess)rich cultural resources, including the Majiayao culture and the site of the western beginning of the Great Wall during Qin Dynasty (221—207 BC).
【要点集结】
考点1 语法一致原则
主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1.动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
※Serving the people is my great happiness.
※Whether we’ll go depends on the weather.
【点津】what引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式,但如果从句表示复数意义,则谓语动词用复数形式。
※What lies at the root of his troubles is a sense of insecurity.
※What the school needs are qualified teachers.
2.主语后有with、 together with、 along with、 except、 besides、 as well as等加名词或代词构成短语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
※(2019·天津高考)Amy, as well as her brothers, was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
3.and, both...and...连接两个不同的主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物,谓语动词用单数形式。
※Both you and I are students.
※The singer and dancer is said to perform in our school on May Day.
4.定语从句中关系代词作主语时,从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
※He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group.
※He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment.
考点2 意义一致原则
　　意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数,主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1.集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作构成集体的一个个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family、 class、 team、 group、 public、 committee、 government、 audience等。
※His audience consists mainly of young people.
※The audience were clapping for over ten minutes.
2.“分数/百分数/the majority+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义;all、 some、 half、 most、 the rest等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。
※Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan.
※The majority of the damage is easy to repair.
3.“the+形容词”表示一类人,在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
※The old are more likely to catch a cold than the young.
4.表示时间、距离、重量、金额等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。
※Four thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.
考点3 就近一致原则
　　就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。
1.由or、 either...or...、 neither...nor...、 not only... but also...、not... but...等连接的词语作主语,谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。
※Either you or Paul is responsible for this thing.
※Not only you but also your sister is lovely.
2.由there、 here引出的主语不止一个时,谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
※There are twenty boy students and twenty-three girl students in the class.
※Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.
【即时巩固】
1.(2026·衡水模拟)Xunpu(浔埔) is located(locate) about 10 kilometers southeast of the city center of Quanzhou—one of the most important ports of the ancient Maritime Silk Road, which was added to UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 2021.
2.(2026·湖北模拟)Moreover, when traveling through China you’ll most likely take notice of a few differences in the way food is eaten(eat).
3.(2026·大同模拟)The grass weaving(编织) technique of Tancheng county, Linyi city, was recognized(recognize) as a provincial-level intangible cultural heritage of Shandong in 2021.
4.(2026·西安模拟)The story of Nymph of the Luo River (《洛神赋图》) is rooted(root) in historical records and the poetry of Cao Zhi, a prince and poet from the Three Kingdoms period.
5.So far, Jane Eyre(《简·爱》) has left(leave) a lasting legacy(遗产), inspiring numerous adaptations in film, television, and theater.
解题小贴士 语法填空题动词的时态、语态考法
1.明晰高考考查类型
动词的时态和语态题, 大致可分为以下三种类型: 一是题干中提供时间状语, 考生可直接根据所给的时间状语得出答案。二是提供的时间状语有较强的干扰性和迷惑性, 考生不能直接据此进行答题。三是题干中不提供任何时间状语, 而是给出一个上下文情景或一个结构较为复杂的句子, 考生必须仔细分析语境, 才能得出最佳答案。
2.掌握独特的时间状语标志
(1)看到always、 often、 seldom、 sometimes、 usually 等要想到用一般现在时。
(2)看到yesterday、 last night、 a few days ago、 the other day等要想到用一般过去时。
(3)看到since、 so far、 up to now、 in the last/past few years等要想到用现在完成时。
注意: 如果题干中没有时间标志词, 而是有两个或两个以上的谓语动词, 这时我们应该将动词动作发生的时间进行比较, 依据动作发生的时间先后, 确定正确的时态。
3.熟记固定句型中的时态
(1)be doing...when..., 主句常用过去进行时, 从句常用一般过去时。
(2)It is/has been+时间段+since...表示“自从……以来已经……”, 主句用现在完成时或一般现在时, 从句用一般过去时。
(3)祈使句+and/or+陈述句, 陈述句常用一般将来时。
4.分清主动被动, 辨析语态
看到动词为及物动词, 后面缺少宾语,要想到用被动语态。
【链接写作】
　　在写作开始之前,考生首先要审题立意,确定体裁、时态和人称,之后捋清要点,再进行谋篇布局。如2023年全国甲卷书面表达:
　　你们学校正举办主题为“用英文讲中国故事”的征文活动。请你以一位中国历史人物为题写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:
　　1.人物简介及事迹;
　　2.意义或启示。
　　注意:词数100 左右。
第1步:审题立意
(1)体裁:记叙文
(2)时态:一般过去时和一般现在时为主
(3)人称:第三人称为主
(4)要点:人物简介、事迹以及意义或给本人的启示。
第2步:谋篇布局
Para.1:The introduction to Xu Xiake and one of his achievements
Para.2:The introduction to his another achievement and its influence
Para.3:The message I have learned from Xu
Step 2　语法精练·体验高考素养落实
Ⅰ.高考单句语法填空
1.(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)“The players’ personalities are revealed(reveal)during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds.
2.(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)A decent winner always tries(try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture(姿态) of respect for the other side.
3.(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times.The “sunshine scent(香味)” of freshly sunned clothes is (be) one of them.
4.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷) In cold weather, the structure stays closed (close) to protect the plants.
5.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷) Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
6.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷) Some of the things that Tang was writing about were (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns.
7.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)As a little girl, I wished (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
8.(2023·全国甲卷) Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still be employed (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
9.(2023·全国乙卷) Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
10.(2023·浙江1月高考) In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, surrounded in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.Citizens of higher social classes were permitted (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles.
11.(2023·浙江1月高考) The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often featured (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars (柱子).
12.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority.
13.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The GPNP is designed (design) to reflect the guiding principle of protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems.
14.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) Henry was fixing (fix) his car when he heard the screams.
15.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) He quickly threw (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
16.(2022·全国甲卷) In the last five years, Cao has walked (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro.
17.(2022·全国乙卷) The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society addressed (address) the opening ceremony.
18.(2022·浙江高考) But how can a painting be appreciated (appreciate) by someone who’s blind
19.(2022·浙江高考) When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he noticed (notice)her smile right away.
20.(2022·北京高考) Eventually, the man caught (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
21.(2022·北京高考) Gas naturally has (have) no recognisable smell.
22.(2022·北京高考) The use of those plastics has increased (increase) by 300% since 2019.
23.(2022·浙江1月高考) But Cobb and others are (be) now questioning that idea—pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely and changing their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.
24.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) You can’t help wondering how hard it was (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
25.(2021·全国甲卷) The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history.It was built (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
26.(2021·全国甲卷) We hired (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
27.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed(form)the core collection of the British Museum.
28.(2021·浙江1月高考) It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered(consider) healthy.
29.(2021·浙江1月高考) In cities, however, the gain was (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI.
30.(2021·浙江1月高考) In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries studied (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
31.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) The parts of a museum open to the public are called(call)galleries or rooms.
32.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess-touched (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
33.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) It means (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed (construct).
Ⅱ.语篇语法填空
　　According to a new study by the WHO (World Health Organization), about 25 percent of adults worldwide do not get enough exercise.Because of this, about 1.4 billion people 1._______ (be) at greater risk of developing deadly diseases such as heart disease and cancer.
When it 2._______(come) to exercising more, experts say that there 3._______ (be) no need for people to go to the gym every day.There 4._______ (be) other ways to exercise.For example, we can take the stairs instead of taking an elevator.And standing on one leg for 30 seconds each day is also good for our health.
The study also 5._______ (find) that women 6._______ (be) less active than men in doing exercise because they 7._______ (tendency) to spend more time at home taking care of children and doing housework.
Countries with higher incomes show higher rates of inactivity.For example, people in Kuwait and the United States exercise less 8._______ people in Uganda and Nepal.This 9._______ (be) partly because in developed areas, desk jobs have taken the place of physical labor and cars 10._______ (replace) walking.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。世界卫生组织的一项新的研究发现, 全世界大约有25%的成年人没有得到足够的锻炼。女性由于要照顾孩子和做家务,与男性相比锻炼得更少。此外,高收入国家的人比低收入国家的人锻炼得少。
1.【解析】are。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。主语是people,谓语动词用复数形式。
2.【解析】comes。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。主语是it,谓语动词用单数形式。
3.【解析】is。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。There be句型是倒装结构,主语是be后面的need,故谓语动词填is。
4.【解析】are。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。There be句型是倒装结构,主语是be后面的other ways,谓语动词用复数形式。
5.【解析】finds。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。主句的主语是The study,谓语动词用单数形式。
6.【解析】are。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。宾语从句中的主语是women,谓语动词用复数形式。
7.【解析】tend。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。主语是they,谓语动词用复数形式。
8.【解析】than。考查比较级。根据空前的副词比较级less可知,该处表示比较,意为“比”,故填比较连词than。
9.【解析】is。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。主语是代词This,谓语用单数,再根据全文的时态是现在时态,故填is。
10.【解析】have replaced。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处与and前的谓语动词并列,应用现在完成时;又因为主语cars为复数,故填have replaced。
- 23 -(共72张PPT)
动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
Step 1　语法精讲·先测后悟巩固提升
一、一般时态
【自我检测】
1.An oncoming ice age made the ocean water cold and ________(bring)
more nutrients, resulting in more food for large whales.
2.Zhang is the fifth Chinese female scientist to win the award.The other
four winners ____(be) from South Africa, the UK, Argentina and Canada.
3.This was not my first attempt to learn to ride a bike.I had tried on several
occasions but always ______(fail).
brought
are
failed
【要点集结】
考点1 一般现在时(do/does; am/is/are)
1.表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always、 every time、 now and then、 occasionally、 often、 seldom、 sometimes、 usually、 every day/night等连用。
2.按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作,用一般现在时。只限于go、 arrive、 leave、 start、 stay、 return、 begin、 come等动词。
3.表示普遍真理。
4.用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。
※He plays basketball every day.
※The film starts at two o’clock.
※The earth goes round the sun.
※If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll probably find a solution that suits everyone.
考点2 一般过去时(did; was/were)
1.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况
※(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner”.
2.表示过去的习惯性动作
【点津】used to do表示“过去常常做……”
※We used to go there every year.
※We often played together when we were children.
※—Haven’t seen you for ages! Where have you been
—I went to Ningxia and stayed there for three years, teaching as a volunteer.
【即时巩固】
1.(2025·北京高考) However, according to a report by the World Wildlife
Fund, tourists ____(leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year.
2.(2026·陕西模拟)Among them __(be) Adzwin Faizal, a petite young woman,
who is a part of the locally renowned Yong Jun Lion Dance Association.
3.(2026·常德模拟)Take his short story “Dad’s sticky Notes”, which
_____(win)the gold award at the sixth Children’s Science Fiction Nebula
Awards of China this past May.
left
is
won
4.(2026·海宁模拟)In that century and much of the 20th century, the immigrants
largely _______(flow) from China’s south-east regions, mainly Guangdong
Province.
5.(2026·西安模拟)Gu kaizhi was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province in the year
348 and ________________(occupy) an important place in the history of
Chinese literature.
flowed
occupied/occupies
二、进行时态
【自我检测】
1.Of course, while I ______________(produce) Thinking Better: The art of
the shortcut, I read a good few books.
2.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读B改编) You put organisms in new relationships and
observe what ____________(happen).
3.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写改编) Paul Revere was a silversmith (银匠) in
Boston who rode a horse at night on April 18, 1775 to Lexington to warn
people that British soldiers ____________(come).
was producing
is happening
were coming
【要点集结】
考点1 现在进行时(am/is/are doing)
1.表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作,虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。
2.表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作,常用的这类动词有go、 come、 leave、 start、 arrive、 return、 work、 sleep、 stay、 have、 wear等。
3.表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等(常与always、 constantly、 continually等副词连用)。
※He is listening to a tape, but he can’t hear it clearly.
※He is leaving tomorrow to play his first match.
※We are always finding new beauties in Shakespeare’s poetry.
考点2 过去进行时(was/were doing)
1.表示在过去具体的时间正在发生的动作或者表示过去某个时间段内一直在发生的事情。常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time、 at that moment、 at this time yesterday、 at ten o’clock yesterday等短语连用。
2.过去进行时可以表示过去将来的含义。
3.过去进行时和频度副词连用可以表示说话者带有褒义或贬义的感彩。
※We were playing football at this time yesterday afternoon.
※Susan had quit her well-paid job and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
※She was always arguing with him and fighting with him.
考点3 将来进行时(will/shall be doing)
表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示要从将来某一时刻开始,并继续下去的动作。
常见的标志性的时间状语有this time tomorrow、 from 1:30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m.、 the day after tomorrow等。
※I will be discussing the situation with my colleagues this time tomorrow.
【即时巩固】
1.(2023·浙江1月高考阅读B改编) I experienced this when I started switching
to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I __________ (live) with my parents,
and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero
waste like me.
2.(2023·浙江1月高考阅读C改编) As Kristian Hammond, professor of
electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it:
“There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it _________ (talk)
about.”
was living
is talking
3.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读A改编) Whether you __________ (hike) a backcountry
trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road,
this quick workshop is for you and your family.
4.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷七选五改编) One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if
you know someone __________(wait) for you at the gym.”
5.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读B改编) I ___________ (turn) the page to get ready for
the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall
off the stand.
are hiking
is waiting
was turning
三、将来时态
【自我检测】
1.(2023·浙江1月高考阅读B改编) Chances are that if you’re looking to live
a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you _______ (be) ready to
jump on that bandwagon.
2.Patting me on the shoulder, he inspired me to continue writing in English
and believed that I ___________ (make) great achievements in writing.
3.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷七选五改编) Don’t throw away your beginner art.You
_________(want) to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come.
will be
would make
will want
【要点集结】
考点1 一般将来时(will/shall do)
1.“shall/will+动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will+动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。
2.“be going to+动词原形”表示:(1)现在打算或计划将来要做的事情;(2)根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事情。
3.“be to+动词原形”表示:(1)预先安排好的计划或约定;(2)说话人的意志、意图、义务、命令等;(3)注定要发生的事情。
4.“be about to+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事,该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。
※We shall be punished if we break the rule.
※My daughter is going to work next year.
※They are to attempt to be the first to circle the Earth non-stop by balloon.
※Will you kindly obey the instructions I am about to give
※(2023·浙江1月高考阅读B) Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.
考点2 过去将来时
过去将来时表示在过去某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态,即过去将来时是“立足过去, 着眼未来”的一种时态, 常用于宾语从句中。
※They said they would give the police their full cooperation.
【点津】除“should/would+动词原形”外(第一人称通常用should,其他人称通常用would),过去将来时还有以下常见表达方式: was/were going to do、 was/were about to do、 was/were to do,但是表示过去的某种习惯性动作时,常用would do/used to do。
※I had a feeling you were going to have difficulty doing this.
※He was about to offer an explanation to the police.
【即时巩固】
1.(2023·全国甲卷阅读B改编) With millions of people likely to take on DIY
projects over the coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of
people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get
jobs done.The average spend per project _______ (be)around ￡823.
2.(2022·全国甲卷阅读B改编) In humans, babies can put a round shape in a
round hole from around one year of age, but it _______ (be) another year
before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes.
will be
will be
3.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读A改编) Class activities _________(vary) from day to
day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests
drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class’ lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class.
4.This was David’s run.He had worked for it, and he _______(will) not give up!
As long as he was in sight, David heard people calling his name.
5.You said you ____________(come) to China to learn more about the Chinese
culture this year.
will vary
would
would come
四、完成时态
【自我检测】
1.From writing poetry to making music, ChatGPT ___________ (amaze)
the world since its launch in late 2022 by the US-based company OpenAI.
2.In 2001, his passion for China’s traditional and modern art brought him
to Beijing, and he __________________________ (work) there ever since.
3.“Over the next three or four million years, the blue whales grew 10 times
bigger than they _________(be), ” the scientists said.
has amazed
has been working/has worked
had been
【要点集结】
考点1 现在完成时(have/has done)
1.表示发生在过去而对现在仍有影响的动作,常用的时间状语:already、 just、 yet、 never、 before、 lately、 recently、 in the last/past few years、 up to now、 so far等。
2.表示从过去某时开始而延续至今的动作或状态,常与for、 since等引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。
3.在条件、时间、让步状语从句中,表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。
4.This/It is the first/second... time+that从句,that从句中谓语动词要用现在完成时。
5.It(This) is the best(worst、most interesting等)+名词+定语从句,从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。
※China’s high-speed railways have grown rapidly in the past few years.
※(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
※(2022·全国甲卷阅读A) The New Theatre has been the home of quality drama, musicals, dance and children’s shows for more than 100 years.
※I won’t pay you until you have finished this job.
※This is the first time I have left my country and set foot on foreign soil.
考点2 过去完成时(had done)
1.表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态,即过去的过去。
2.表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作,常用的时间状语:by then、 by that time、 by the end of、 by the time+句子等。
3.表示“愿望,打算”的动词(如hope、 want、 expect、 think、 mean、 suppose、 plan、 intend)用于过去完成时,表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。
4.在“hardly(scarcely)...when...” “no sooner...than...” 句型中, 主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时,意为“一……就……”。
※By that time, I had already made the decision to leave.
※I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it.
※We had no sooner had supper than we began to repair the machine.
考点3 现在完成进行时(have/has been doing)
1.表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在并且还要继续下去的动作。
※We have been waiting for him for two hours.
※(2021·全国乙卷阅读A) People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.
2.表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直反复进行的动作。
※(2020·天津高考)—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks.It’s because I have been practising a lot these days.
【即时巩固】
1.(2025·北京高考) By the time you brushed your teeth, you _________(make)
several decisions even without noticing.
2.(2026·南京模拟)The village—a previously unfamous place featuring bunches
of ancient stone houses that guard against coastal winds—________(see) bubble
tea shops, homestays and camping sites emerge in recent years as the local
government pushes for rural tourism.
had made
has seen
3.(2026·江苏模拟)Tourists in ancient towns want to see the living conditions
of local people, feel the vitality of town life, try local special snacks influenced
by geography and folk customs, and understand how the long history
__________(shape) local culture.
4.(2026·华南师大附中模拟)The King realized how very foolish he _________
(be) himself to leave his kingdom unguarded, and he and his army returned at
once to Benares.
5.(2026·西南名校联盟模拟)In the midst of green mountains and clear waters,
Guiyang, located in Southwest China, __________(earn) its reputation as the
“Forest City” over the years.
has shaped
had been
has earned
五、被动语态
【自我检测】
1.Intermittent fasting, also referred to as time-restricted feeding, is a dietary
strategy where all meals _____________ (consume) during a short window
of time each day.
2.In 2016, Zhang _________ (give) the Romer-Simpson Lifetime Achievement
Award.
3.The cash will go to an organization called One Billion Meals Endowment,
which _______ (set) up by Dubai’s ruler Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid in 2022.
are consumed
was given
was set
【要点集结】
　　被动语态的构成为“be+过去分词”,只要变换be的形式就可以得到不同时态的被动语态。除be外,被动语态的构成形式还有“get/become+过去分词”。
只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态,不及物动词或短语无被动语态。常考的不及物动词或短语:last、 cost、 spread、 happen(to)、 take place、 belong to、 break out、 go out、 run out、 work out。
1.被动语态的构成(以do为例)
类别 现在 过去 将来 过去将来
一般 am/is/are done was/weredone will/shall be done would/should
be done
进行 am/is/are being done was/were being done — —
完成 have/has been done had been done will/shall have been done would/should
have been done
2.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题
(1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。
※The reporters asked the president some questions.
→The president was asked some questions by the reporters.
→Some questions were asked the president by the reporters.
(2)主动变为被动时,宾语成主语;(作补语的)不定式前需加to(位置不变)。
※I heard him say good-bye to his friends.
→He was heard to say good-bye to his friends.
(3)动词短语变被动语态时,勿掉“尾巴”。
※This dictionary must be taken good care of.
(4)情态动词,be going to、 be to、 be sure to等结构变为被动语态时,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be+过去分词”。
※This book may not be taken out of the reading room.
(5)“get+过去分词”构成的表示被动的短语get paid/hurt等。
※They get paid twice as much as I do, but the job is exactly the same as mine.
3.主动形式表示被动含义
(1)表示感受、感官的系动词,如feel、 sound、 taste、 look等,后面跟形容词、名词构成系表结构,常常以主动形式表示被动意义,指其本身具有的属性、特征等。
(2)当sell、 read、 draw、 wash、 write、 open、 wear、 run、 burn等不及物动词后有状语(well/easily等)修饰,用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时,用主动形式表示被动含义。
※The music isn’t pleasant to listen to.
※This kind of radio doesn’t sell well.
【即时巩固】
1.(2025·北京高考)Usually, better outcomes ____________(achieve)through
a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance.
2.(2026·湖北模拟)Among China’s famous ancient poets, Li Qingzhao
(1084—1155) stands out for her writing and life story.Both
__________________(show) in dance theatre for the first time at the
23rd China Shanghai International Arts Festival.
are achieved
were shown/showed
3.(2026·河北模拟)Standing 39 centimeters tall, the Jinhou Bird Zun
_________(use) in special ceremonies during the Shang Dynasty.
4.(2026·湖南模拟)The area between two parallel rivers, _______________
(settle) for about 3,000 years, but the Central Axis itself originated during
the Yuan Dynasty.
5.(2026·四川模拟)A 2-meter-wide alley between the houses serving as the
boundary _________(bear)with the name Liuchi Alley, which originated from
the Mandarin word for six and chi.
was used
has been settled
was born
六、主谓一致
【自我检测】
1.When you speak to a man in a language that he ____________(understand),
it goes to his head.
2.Many of you know that the English word for French fries ___(be) “chips”,
and Americans call them “French fries”.
3.The county _________(possess)rich cultural resources, including the Majiayao
culture and the site of the western beginning of the Great Wall during Qin
Dynasty (221—207 BC).
understands
is
possesses
【要点集结】
考点1 语法一致原则
主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1.动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
※Serving the people is my great happiness.
※Whether we’ll go depends on the weather.
【点津】what引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式,但如果从句表示复数意义,则谓语动词用复数形式。
※What lies at the root of his troubles is a sense of insecurity.
※What the school needs are qualified teachers.
2.主语后有with、 together with、 along with、 except、 besides、 as well as等加名词或代词构成短语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
※(2019·天津高考)Amy, as well as her brothers, was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
3.and, both...and...连接两个不同的主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物,谓语动词用单数形式。
※Both you and I are students.
※The singer and dancer is said to perform in our school on May Day.
4.定语从句中关系代词作主语时,从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
※He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group.
※He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment.
考点2 意义一致原则
　　意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数,主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1.集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作构成集体的一个个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family、 class、 team、 group、 public、 committee、 government、 audience等。
※His audience consists mainly of young people.
※The audience were clapping for over ten minutes.
2.“分数/百分数/the majority+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义;all、 some、 half、 most、 the rest等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。
※Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan.
※The majority of the damage is easy to repair.
3.“the+形容词”表示一类人,在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
※The old are more likely to catch a cold than the young.
4.表示时间、距离、重量、金额等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。
※Four thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.
考点3 就近一致原则
　　就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。
1.由or、 either...or...、 neither...nor...、 not only... but also...、not... but...等连接的词语作主语,谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。
※Either you or Paul is responsible for this thing.
※Not only you but also your sister is lovely.
2.由there、 here引出的主语不止一个时,谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
※There are twenty boy students and twenty-three girl students in the class.
※Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.
【即时巩固】
1.(2026·衡水模拟)Xunpu(浔埔) _________(locate) about 10 kilometers
southeast of the city center of Quanzhou—one of the most important ports
of the ancient Maritime Silk Road, which was added to UNESCO’s
World Heritage List in 2021.
2.(2026·湖北模拟)Moreover, when traveling through China you’ll most
likely take notice of a few differences in the way food _______(eat).
3.(2026·大同模拟)The grass weaving(编织) technique of Tancheng county,
Linyi city, ______________(recognize) as a provincial-level intangible
cultural heritage of Shandong in 2021.
is located
is eaten
was recognized
4.(2026·西安模拟)The story of Nymph of the Luo River (《洛神赋图》)
________(root) in historical records and the poetry of Cao Zhi, a prince and
poet from the Three Kingdoms period.
5.So far, Jane Eyre(《简·爱》) _______(leave) a lasting legacy(遗产),
inspiring numerous adaptations in film, television, and theater.
is rooted
has left
解题小贴士 语法填空题动词的时态、语态考法
1.明晰高考考查类型
动词的时态和语态题, 大致可分为以下三种类型: 一是题干中提供时间状语, 考生可直接根据所给的时间状语得出答案。二是提供的时间状语有较强的干扰性和迷惑性, 考生不能直接据此进行答题。三是题干中不提供任何时间状语, 而是给出一个上下文情景或一个结构较为复杂的句子, 考生必须仔细分析语境, 才能得出最佳答案。
2.掌握独特的时间状语标志
(1)看到always、 often、 seldom、 sometimes、 usually 等要想到用一般现在时。
(2)看到yesterday、 last night、 a few days ago、 the other day等要想到用一般过去时。
(3)看到since、 so far、 up to now、 in the last/past few years等要想到用现在完成时。
注意: 如果题干中没有时间标志词, 而是有两个或两个以上的谓语动词, 这时我们应该将动词动作发生的时间进行比较, 依据动作发生的时间先后, 确定正确的时态。
3.熟记固定句型中的时态
(1)be doing...when..., 主句常用过去进行时, 从句常用一般过去时。
(2)It is/has been+时间段+since...表示“自从……以来已经……”, 主句用现在完成时或一般现在时, 从句用一般过去时。
(3)祈使句+and/or+陈述句, 陈述句常用一般将来时。
4.分清主动被动, 辨析语态
看到动词为及物动词, 后面缺少宾语,要想到用被动语态。
【链接写作】
　　在写作开始之前,考生首先要审题立意,确定体裁、时态和人称,之后捋清要点,再进行谋篇布局。如2023年全国甲卷书面表达:
　　你们学校正举办主题为“用英文讲中国故事”的征文活动。请你以一位中国历史人物为题写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:
　　1.人物简介及事迹;
　　2.意义或启示。
　　注意:词数100 左右。
第1步:审题立意
(1)体裁:_______
(2)时态:___________和___________为主
(3)人称:第___人称为主
(4)要点:人物简介、事迹以及意义或给本人的启示。
第2步:谋篇布局
Para.1:The introduction to Xu Xiake and one of his achievements
Para.2:The introduction to his another achievement and its influence
Para.3:The message I have learned from Xu
记叙文
一般过去时
一般现在时
三
Step 2　语法精练·体验高考素养落实
Ⅰ.高考单句语法填空
1.(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)“The players’ personalities ___________(reveal)during the
game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds.
2.(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)A decent winner always _____(try) to beat the opponent by
no more than one or two points as a gesture(姿态) of respect for the other side.
3.(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really
surprise me at times.The “sunshine scent(香味)” of freshly sunned clothes ___
(be) one of them.
are revealed
tries
is
4.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷) In cold weather, the structure stays _______(close) to
protect the plants.
5.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷) Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse
______(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road,
by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
6.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷) Some of the things that Tang was writing about ______
(be) also Shakespeare’s concerns.
closed
walks
were
7.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)As a little girl, I _______(wish) to be a zookeeper when
I grew up.
8.(2023·全国甲卷) Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been
passed down through the ages can still ____________(employ) today to draw
attention to important truths.
9.(2023·全国乙卷) Having visited several times over the last 10 years,
I ___________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city
was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
wished
be employed
was amazed
10.(2023·浙江1月高考) In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden
City, surrounded in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer
City.Citizens of higher social classes _______________(permit) to live closer
to the center of the circles.
11.(2023·浙江1月高考) The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials
and wealthy businessmen often _________(feature)beautifully carved and
painted roof beams and pillars (柱子).
were permitted
featured
12.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number
of areas that ______(be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing
protected areas for giant pandas under one authority.
13.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The GPNP __________ (design) to reflect the guiding
principle of protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural
ecosystems.
14.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) Henry __________ (fix) his car when he heard the
screams.
were
is designed
was fixing
15.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) He quickly _______(throw) his tools aside, and started
running, arms out.
16.(2022·全国甲卷) In the last five years, Cao ___________(walk) through 34
countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro.
17.(2022·全国乙卷) The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society
__________(address) the opening ceremony.
threw
has walked
addressed
18.(2022·浙江高考) But how can a painting ______________(appreciate)
by someone who’s blind
19.(2022·浙江高考) When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s
“Mona Lisa” he ________(notice)her smile right away.
20.(2022·北京高考) Eventually, the man _______(catch) up with her, and
he was only trying to return her wallet!
21.(2022·北京高考) Gas naturally ____(have) no recognisable smell.
be appreciated
noticed
caught
has
22.(2022·北京高考) The use of those plastics _____________(increase)
by 300% since 2019.
23.(2022·浙江1月高考) But Cobb and others ____(be) now questioning that
idea—pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely
and changing their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the
climate change crisis.
24.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) You can’t help wondering how hard it _____(be) for
the people then to put all those rocks into place.
has increased
are
was
25.(2021·全国甲卷) The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that
has survived China’s long history.It _________(build) originally to protect the
city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
26.(2021·全国甲卷) We ______(hire) our bikes from the rental place at the
South Gate.
27.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,
for example, _______(form)the core collection of the British Museum.
was built
hired
formed
28.(2021·浙江1月高考) It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by
their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ____________
(consider) healthy.
29.(2021·浙江1月高考) In cities, however, the gain ____ (be) 1.3 in women and
1.6 in men.The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of
BMI.
30.(2021·浙江1月高考) In 1985, urban men and women in more than three
quarters of the countries ________(study) had higher BMIs than men and
women in rural areas.
is considered
was
studied
31.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) The parts of a museum open to the public
_________(call)galleries or rooms.
32.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name
was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess-________ (touch) down
last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
33.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) It _______(mean) we have the chance to obtain information
about how the moon _____________ (construct).
are called
touched
means
is constructed
Ⅱ.语篇语法填空
　　According to a new study by the WHO (World Health Organization), about 25 percent of adults worldwide do not get enough exercise.Because of this, about 1.4 billion people 1._______ (be) at greater risk of developing deadly diseases such as heart disease and cancer.
When it 2._______(come) to exercising more, experts say that there 3._______ (be) no need for people to go to the gym every day.There 4._______ (be) other ways to exercise.For example, we can take the stairs instead of taking an elevator.And standing on one leg for 30 seconds each day is also good for our health.
The study also 5._______ (find) that women 6._______ (be) less active than men in doing exercise because they 7._______ (tendency) to spend more time at home taking care of children and doing housework.
Countries with higher incomes show higher rates of inactivity.For example, people in Kuwait and the United States exercise less 8._______ people in Uganda and Nepal.This 9._______ (be) partly because in developed areas, desk jobs have taken the place of physical labor and cars 10._______ (replace) walking.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。世界卫生组织的一项新的研究发现, 全世界大约有25%的成年人没有得到足够的锻炼。女性由于要照顾孩子和做家务,与男性相比锻炼得更少。此外,高收入国家的人比低收入国家的人锻炼得少。
1.【解析】are。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。主语是people,谓语动词用复数形式。
2.【解析】comes。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。主语是it,谓语动词用单数形式。
3.【解析】is。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。There be句型是倒装结构,主语是be后面的need,故谓语动词填is。
4.【解析】are。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。There be句型是倒装结构,主语是be后面的other ways,谓语动词用复数形式。
5.【解析】finds。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。主句的主语是The study,谓语动词用单数形式。
6.【解析】are。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。宾语从句中的主语是women,谓语动词用复数形式。
7.【解析】tend。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。主语是they,谓语动词用复数形式。
8.【解析】than。考查比较级。根据空前的副词比较级less可知,该处表示比较,意为“比”,故填比较连词than。
9.【解析】is。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。主语是代词This,谓语用单数,再根据全文的时态是现在时态,故填is。
10.【解析】have replaced。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处与and前的谓语动词并列,应用现在完成时;又因为主语cars为复数,故填have replaced。

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