资源简介 / 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科Unit 1The Changing World单元词汇精讲精练1、bring about【用法讲解】① bring about作动词短语,意为“引起;导致”。例句:His hard work finally brought about his success.(他的努力最终促成了他的成功。)② bring about还可意为“造成(事故等)”。例句:The heavy rain brought about serious traffic problems.(大雨导致了严重的交通问题。)【易混短语辨析】bring about 与 cause 与 lead to① bring about侧重引起某种状态或结果,较正式,常接抽象名词。例句:The war brought about many changes in society.(战争给社会带来了许多变化。)② cause最常用,强调直接的因果关系,可接具体或抽象事物。例句:Smoking causes lung cancer.(吸烟会导致肺癌。)③ lead to侧重经过一系列过程最终导致某种结果。例句:Lack of exercise can lead to health problems.(缺乏锻炼会导致健康问题。)2、rough【用法讲解】① rough作形容词,意为“崎岖的;粗糙的;不平滑的”。例句:The old wall feels rough to the touch.(这面旧墙摸起来很粗糙。)We set off once more, over a rough mountain track.(我们沿着一条崎岖的山间小路再度出发。)② rough意为“艰难的;艰苦的”。例句:They went through a rough winter with little food.(他们在食物匮乏的情况下度过了一个艰难的冬天。)3、be covered with【用法讲解】be covered with意为“被……覆盖;满是……”。例句:The hills are covered with green grass in spring.(春天山上长满了绿草。)例句:The cake is covered with fresh strawberries.(蛋糕上铺满了新鲜的草莓。)4、sandstorm【用法讲解】sandstorm作可数名词,意为“沙尘暴”。例句:A strong sandstorm hit the northern cities yesterday.(昨天一场强沙尘暴袭击了北方城市。)【常见短语】prevent sandstorms(防止沙尘暴)fight against sandstorms(抗击沙尘暴)sandstorm warning(沙尘暴预警)5、farmland【用法讲解】farmland作不可数名词(或集合名词),意为“农田;耕地”。例句:Much of the farmland has been turned into parks.(许多农田已被改造成公园。)【易错点】farmland通常作不可数名词,表示整体概念。若指具体的“一块块田地”,常用field(可数)。6、shortage【用法讲解】shortage作可数或不可数名词,意为“不足;缺乏”。多指资源、资金、人员、食物等的数量短缺。例句:The hospital is facing a shortage of nurses.(医院正面临护士短缺的问题。)【词形变化】short adj. 短的;短缺的 → shortage n. 短缺(+名词后缀-age)【常用结构】① a shortage of... (……的短缺)例句:There is a shortage of clean drinking water in the dry season.(旱季清洁饮用水短缺。)【易混词辨析】shortage 与 lack① shortage侧重“数量上的不足”,多指供不应求的客观状态。例句:The shortage of housing is a big problem.(住房短缺是个大问题。)② lack泛指“缺乏”,可作名词或动词,强调“没有或不够”。例句:The team failed through lack of practice.(队伍因缺乏练习而失败。)7、lack【用法讲解】① lack作名词,意为“缺乏;缺少”。例句:Success often depends on a lack of fear.(成功往往取决于不害怕。)② lack作及物动词,意为“缺乏;没有”。例句:She lacks confidence when speaking in public.(她在公众场合讲话时缺乏自信。)【常用结构】① be lacking in... (在……方面缺乏)例句:He is lacking in practical experience.(他缺乏实践经验。)8、bush【用法讲解】bush作可数名词,意为“灌木;矮树丛”。例句:A small bird was singing in the bush.(一只小鸟在灌木丛里歌唱。)9、root【用法讲解】① root作可数名词,意为“(植物的)根”。例句:The tree has strong roots that go deep into the ground.(这棵树有深入地下深处的强壮根系。)② root作可数名词,意为“根源;起因”。例句:Poverty is often the root of social problems.(贫困往往是社会问题的根源。)【常用结构】take root (生根;扎根;确立)例句:His love for music took root in childhood.(他对音乐的热爱在童年时就已扎根。)【词形变化】rootless adj. 无根的;漂泊的rooted adj. 根深蒂固的10、soil【用法讲解】soil作不可数名词,意为“土壤;泥土”。例句:This kind of flower grows best in rich, dark soil.(这种花在肥沃的黑土里长得最好。)【常见短语】poor/rich soil(贫瘠/肥沃的土壤)protect the soil(保护土壤)soil erosion(水土流失)【易混词辨析】soil、dirt 与 land① soil强调“土壤/耕地”。例句:We should test the soil before planting.(种植前应检测土壤。)② dirt指“尘土/污垢”,含贬义,强调脏。例句:Your hands are covered with dirt.(你手上全是泥垢。)③ land指“陆地/土地”,范围最广,可指国土、建筑用地等。11、sandy【用法讲解】sandy作形容词,意为“沙的;含沙的;沙质的”。例句:We walked on the sandy beach for two hours.(我们在沙质海滩上走了两个小时。)【词形变化】sand n. 沙 → sandy adj. 沙的(+形容词后缀-y)同类构词:wind→windy(有风的),cloud→cloudy(多云的)【常用结构】sandy soil/beach/area(沙质土壤/海滩/区域)例句:Carrots grow well in sandy soil.(胡萝卜在沙质土壤里长得好。)12、government【用法讲解】government作可数名词(集合意义),意为“政府;政体”。例句:The government has made new rules to protect the environment.(政府制定了新规则来保护环境。)【词形变化】govern v. 统治;管理【常见短语】local/central government(地方/中央政府)13、support【用法讲解】① support作及物动词,意为“支持;拥护”。例句:We fully support your decision.(我们完全支持你的决定。)② support作不可数名词,意为“支持;帮助”。例句:Thank you for your support.(感谢你的支持。)【常用结构】① support sb./sth. (支持某人/某事)例句:Many students support the new school rule.(许多学生支持这项新校规。)② provide support for... (为……提供支持)例句:The teacher provided support for the struggling students.(老师为学习困难的学生提供了帮助。)14、corn【用法讲解】corn作不可数名词,意为“玉米;谷物”。例句:Farmers grow corn and wheat in this area.(农民在这一地区种植玉米和小麦。)【常见短语】sweet corn(甜玉米)popcorn(爆米花)a field of corn(一片玉米地)【易错点】corn作“玉米”讲时通常为不可数名词,不用复数。15、high-tech【用法讲解】high-tech(或high technology)作形容词,意为“高科技的;先进的”。例句:Shenzhen is famous for its high-tech companies.(深圳以其高科技公司闻名。)【常见短语】high-tech products(高科技产品)high-tech park(高科技园区)16、greenhouse【用法讲解】greenhouse作可数名词,意为“温室;暖房”。例句:We grow flowers in the greenhouse during winter.(冬天我们在温室里种花。)【词形变化】greenhouse effect (温室效应)【常见短语】greenhouse gases(温室气体)17、highway【用法讲解】highway作可数名词,意为“公路;干线公路”。指连接主要城市、供车辆高速行驶的宽阔道路。例句:The new highway will cut the travel time by two hours.(这条新公路将把行程缩短两小时。)【易混词辨析】highway 与 road 与 street① highway指城市间的“干线公路/高速公路”,车速快、车道多。例句:Be careful when driving on the highway.(在高速公路上开车要小心。)② road泛指“道路”,乡村或城镇均可用。例句:The road to the village is narrow.(通往村子的路很窄。)③ street指城镇内两旁有建筑物的“街道”。例句:She lives on a quiet street.(她住在一条安静的街道上。)18、railway【用法讲解】railway(英式)/railroad(美式)作可数名词,意为“铁路”。指由轨道、路基、信号系统组成的运输线路。例句:The railway connects Beijing and Shanghai.(这条铁路连接北京和上海。)【词形变化】rail n. 轨道;栏杆railway station n. 火车站【常见短语】high-speed railway(高铁)build a railway(修建铁路)19、attraction【用法讲解】① attraction作可数名词,意为“景点;有吸引力的事物”。例句:The museum is a major tourist attraction.(博物馆是一个主要旅游景点。)② attraction作不可数名词,意为“吸引;吸引力”。例句:The game has lost its attraction for teenagers.(这款游戏对青少年已失去吸引力。)【词形变化】attract v. 吸引attractive adj. 有吸引力的(attract+形容词后缀-ive)【常用结构】tourist attraction (旅游景点)例句:The Great Wall is one of the most famous tourist attractions in China.(长城是中国最著名的旅游景点之一。)20、product【用法讲解】product作可数名词,意为“产品;产物”。例句:This company produces high-quality electronic products.(这家公司生产高质量的电子产品。)【词形变化】produce v. 生产;制造 n. 农产品producer n. 生产者;制片商production n. 生产;产量(produce+名词后缀-ion)【常见短语】daily products(日用品)21、greatly【用法讲解】greatly作副词,意为“非常;极大地”。修饰动词、形容词或副词,表示程度深。例句:The weather has greatly improved since yesterday.(自昨天以来天气大有好转。)【词形变化】great adj. 伟大的;巨大的 → greatly adv. 非常地(great+副词后缀-ly)【易混词辨析】greatly 与 very① greatly多修饰动词或过去分词,强调变化或影响的程度。例句:The plan was greatly changed.(计划被大大修改了。)② very修饰形容词或副词原级,不能直接修饰动词。例句:The movie is very interesting.(这部电影很有趣。)22、socialist【用法讲解】socialist可作形容词,意为“社会主义的;社会主义者的”。也可作名词指“社会主义者”。例句:China is a socialist country with Chinese characteristics.(中国是一个具有中国特色的社会主义国家。)【词形变化】society n. 社会social adj. 社会的;社交的socialism n. 社会主义(social+名词后缀-ism)【常见短语】socialist system(社会主义制度)23、e-payment【用法讲解】e-payment作可数/不可数名词,意为“电子支付”。例句:E-payment has become very popular in our daily life.(电子支付在我们的日常生活中已非常普及。)【词形变化】e-commerce n. 电子商务e-book n. 电子书【常见短语】mobile e-payment(手机电子支付)secure e-payment system(安全的电子支付系统)24、housing【用法讲解】housing作不可数名词,意为“住房;房屋供给”。例句:The government is working hard to solve the housing problem.(政府正努力解决住房问题。)【词形变化】house n. 房屋 → housing n. 住房/房产(house+动名词/名词后缀-ing,表相关领域)【常用结构】housing market/price (房地产市场/价格)例句:Housing prices in big cities are very high.(大城市的房价非常高。)25、digital【用法讲解】digital作形容词,意为“数字的;数码的”。例句:Young people are familiar with digital devices.(年轻人对数码设备很熟悉。)【词形变化】digit n. 数字【常见短语】digital camera(数码相机)digital age/era(数字时代)26、audio【用法讲解】audio作形容词,意为“音频的;声音的”。例句:We use audio equipment to record the interview.(我们使用音频设备来录制采访。)【常见短语】audio book(有声书)audio file(音频文件)27、dirt【用法讲解】dirt作不可数名词,意为“泥土;污垢;灰尘”。例句:Wipe the dirt off the window.(把窗户上的污垢擦掉。)【词形变化】dirty adj. 脏的(dirt+形容词后缀-y)28、track【用法讲解】① track作可数名词,意为“跑道;田径场”。例句:He runs fast on the track every morning.(他每天早上在跑道上跑得很快。)② track可意为“足迹;踪迹”。例句:The hunters followed the animal's tracks in the snow.(猎人顺着雪地上的动物足迹追踪。)③ track可作动词,意为“追踪;跟踪”。例句:The app can track your daily exercise.(这款应用能追踪你的日常运动。)29、wide【用法讲解】① wide作形容词,意为“宽的;宽阔的”。例句:The river is about 50 meters wide here.(这里的河面大约50米宽。)② wide意为“广泛的;普遍的”。例句:English is widely used around the world.(英语在世界范围内被广泛使用。)【词形变化】widely adv. 广泛地(wide+副词后缀-ly)width n. 宽度(形容词wide的名词形式,注意词形变化)【常用结构】be + 数词 + meters wide (……米宽)例句:The road is 10 meters wide.(这条路有10米宽。)【易混词辨析】wide 与 broad① wide侧重“宽度、范围”,可用于具体空间或抽象范围。例句:The door is too wide.(这门太宽了。)② broad侧重“宽阔的、宽广的”,多修饰肩、胸、海洋、视野等。例句:He has broad shoulders.(他肩膀很宽阔。)30、link【用法讲解】① link作动词,意为“连接;联系”。例句:The bridge links the two villages together.(这座桥把两个村庄连接在一起。)② link作可数名词,意为“联系;纽带;链接”。例句:There is a strong link between health and diet.(健康与饮食之间有很强的联系。)【常用结构】① link A with/to B (把A与B联系起来)例句:Scientists link smoking to lung disease.(科学家将吸烟与肺癌联系起来。)31、port【用法讲解】port作可数名词,意为“港口;口岸”。例句:Shanghai is one of the busiest ports in the world.(上海是世界上最繁忙的港口之一。)【词形变化】airport n. 飞机场(air+port)seaport n. 海港(sea+port)32、capital【用法讲解】① capital作可数名词,意为“首都;省会”。例句:Beijing is the capital of China.(北京是中国的首都。)② capital作形容词,意为“大写的”。例句:Please write your name in capital letters.(请用大写字母写你的名字。)【常用结构】capital city (首都/省会城市)例句:Paris is the capital city of France.(巴黎是法国的首都。)33、benefit【用法讲解】① benefit作可数名词,意为“好处;益处;福利”。例句:Regular exercise has many health benefits.(经常锻炼有很多健康益处。)② benefit作动词,意为“使受益;对……有利”。例句:The new policy will benefit all citizens.(新政策将使所有公民受益。)【常用结构】① benefit from... (从……中受益)例句:Students benefit from online learning.(学生们从在线学习中受益。)② be of benefit to... (对……有益)例句:Reading is of great benefit to your mind.(阅读对你的思维大有裨益。)【词形变化】beneficial adj. 有益的(benefit+形容词后缀-ial)34、be happy with【用法讲解】be happy with意为“对……满意/高兴”。with后接让人满意的人、事、物或结果。例句:The teacher is happy with our progress.(老师对我们的进步感到满意。)【易混短语辨析】be happy with 与 be pleased with 与 be satisfied with① be happy with 语气较日常,侧重主观上的高兴、满意。例句:She is happy with her new dress.(她对自己的新裙子很满意。)② be pleased with 较正式,语气比happy稍强。例句:He was very pleased with the exam results.(他对考试成绩非常满意。)③ be satisfied with 强调“达到预期标准而满足”,最正式。例句:Are you satisfied with the service (你对服务满意吗?)35、convenient【用法讲解】convenient作形容词,意为“方便的;便利的”。例句:The supermarket is very convenient for local residents.(这家超市对当地居民非常方便。)【词形变化】convenience n. 便利;方便设施(convenient+名词后缀-ence)inconvenient adj. 不方便的(in-否定前缀)【常用结构】It is convenient for sb. to do sth. (对某人来说做某事很方便)例句:It is convenient for students to take the subway to school.(学生乘地铁上学很方便。)36、business【用法讲解】① business作不可数名词,意为“商业;生意;贸易”。例句:He is in the import and export business.(他从事进出口生意。)② business作可数名词,意为“企业;公司”。例句:She started a small online business last year.(她去年开了一家小型网店。)③ business意为“事务;职责”。例句:None of your business.(这不关你的事。)【词形变化】busy adj. 忙碌的 → business n. 商业(busy去y加-iness的变体)businessman/businesswoman n. 商人【常见短语】do business(做生意)【易错点】business是不可数名词(泛指商业时),作“一家公司”讲时可数。37、ease【用法讲解】① ease作不可数名词,意为“容易;舒适;安逸”。例句:The machine makes cleaning the house with great ease.(这台机器让打扫房子变得极其轻松。)【词形变化】easy adj. 容易的 → ease n. 容易/舒适(词根转换)unease n. 不安;忧虑【常用结构】with ease 轻松地;毫不费力地例句:She finished the difficult task with ease.(她轻松地完成了这项困难的任务。)38、lorry【用法讲解】lorry作可数名词(英式英语),意为“卡车;货车”。相当于美式英语的truck。例句:A large lorry is parked outside the factory.(一辆大卡车停在工厂外面。)【常见短语】heavy lorry(重型卡车)drive a lorry(驾驶卡车)【易错点】复数形式为lorries(变y为i加es)。39、manager【用法讲解】manager作可数名词,意为“经理;主管;负责人”。例句:The manager praised the team for their hard work.(经理因团队的辛勤工作而表扬了他们。)【词形变化】manage v. 管理;设法做成management n. 管理;管理层【常见短语】project manager(项目经理)store manager(店长)40、conclusion【用法讲解】conclusion作可数名词,意为“结论;推论;结尾”。例句:After reading the report, I came to the conclusion that he was honest.(读完报告后,我得出的结论是他是诚实的。)【词形变化】conclude v. 结束;推断(conclusion的动词形式,注意结尾为-u-非-s)【常用结构】① draw/reach/come to a conclusion (得出结论)例句:Scientists have reached a conclusion about the experiment.(科学家得出了关于该实验的结论。)② in conclusion (总之;最后,用于结尾)例句:In conclusion, I believe reading is very important.(总之,我认为阅读非常重要。)41、narrow【用法讲解】① narrow作形容词,意为“狭窄的”。例句:The street is too narrow for two cars to pass.(这条街太窄了,两辆车无法通过。)② narrow作动词,意为“使变窄;缩小(差距)”。例句:We need to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor.(我们需要缩小贫富差距。)【词形变化】narrowly adv. 勉强地;狭窄地【易错点】narrow作形容词时,比较级和最高级为narrower, narrowest(也可用more/most)。42、villager【用法讲解】villager作可数名词,意为“村民;乡下人”。例句:The villagers welcomed the visitors warmly.(村民们热情地欢迎了来访者。)【词形变化】village n. 村庄 → villager n. 村民(village+名词后缀-r,去e加er)【常见短语】local villagers(当地村民)43、the Olympics【用法讲解】the Olympics作专有名词(常作复数),意为“奥林匹克运动会;奥运会”。正式名称为Olympic Games。例句:The 2024 Olympics will be held in Paris.(2024年奥运会将在巴黎举行。)【词形变化】Olympic adj. 奥林匹克的(注意首字母大写)【常见短语】host the Olympics(举办奥运会)win a medal at the Olympics(在奥运会上获得奖牌)【易错点】通常加定冠词the,谓语动词可用单数或复数。44、lead【用法讲解】① lead作及物/不及物动词,意为“带领;领导;引领”。例句:She will lead the team to the competition.(她将带领团队参加比赛。)② lead作可数名词,意为“领先地位;榜样”。例句:Take the lead in protecting the environment.(在环保方面起带头作用。)【词形变化】leader n. 领导者(lead+名词后缀-er)leadership n. 领导力【常用结构】① lead to... (导致;通向)例句:Too much stress may lead to illness.(压力过大会导致疾病。)② lead sb. to do sth. (带领某人做某事)例句:The guide led us to visit the museum.(导游带领我们参观了博物馆。)【易错点】注意lead的过去式和过去分词是led,不是leaded。45、man-made【用法讲解】man-made作形容词,意为“人造的;人工的”。例句:Plastic is a common man-made material.(塑料是一种常见的人造材料。)【常见短语】man-made lake/dam/planet(人工湖/大坝/人造卫星)46、miracle【用法讲解】miracle作可数名词,意为“奇迹;不可思议的事”。例句:Doctors said his recovery was a miracle.(医生说他的康复是个奇迹。)47、junior【用法讲解】① junior作形容词,意为“级别较低的;资历较浅的;低年级的”。例句:He is a junior manager in the company.(他是公司的初级经理。)【词形变化】反义词:senior adj./n. 高级的;年长的;毕业班学生【常见短语】junior high school(初中)junior employee(初级员工)48、flat【用法讲解】① flat作可数名词(英式),意为“公寓”。相当于美式英语的apartment。例句:They live in a small flat near the park.(他们住在公园附近的一套小公寓里。)49、discussion【用法讲解】discussion作可数/不可数名词,意为“讨论;谈论”。例句:We had a long discussion about the school trip.(我们就学校旅行进行了长时间的讨论。)【词形变化】discuss v. 讨论【常用结构】① under discussion (在讨论中)例句:The new rule is still under discussion.(新规则仍在讨论中。)② hold/have a discussion on/about sth. (就某事进行讨论)例句:The class held a discussion on environmental protection.(全班就环境保护进行了讨论。)50、aspect【用法讲解】aspect作可数名词,意为“方面;层面”。例句:We need to look at every aspect of the problem.(我们需要考虑这个问题的每一个方面。)【常用结构】in some/many aspects (在某些/许多方面)例句:In many aspects, he is like his father.(在许多方面,他都很像他的父亲。)【易混词辨析】aspect 与 side① aspect侧重事物的“某个特定角度、外观或性质”,较正式。例句:The cultural aspect of the festival is important.(这个节日的文化层面很重要。)② side侧重“一边;一方面”,常用于对比(on one side... on the other side...)。例句:Look at the bright side of things.(看事物好的一面。)一、根据首字母和汉语提示填写适当的单词1. There is a serious s______ of clean water in this dry area.(短缺)【答案】shortage【解析】句意:这个干旱地区严重缺乏干净的水。结合首字母和汉语提示,shortage为名词,意为“不足;缺乏”,符合语境,故填shortage。2. Farmers grow vegetables in rich s______ every spring.(土壤)【答案】soil【解析】句意:农民们每年春天在肥沃的土壤里种蔬菜。结合首字母和汉语提示,soil为不可数名词,意为“土壤;泥土”,故填soil。3. We walked along the s______ beach and enjoyed the sunset.(沙质的)【答案】sandy【解析】句意:我们沿着沙质海滩散步,欣赏日落。结合首字母和汉语提示,sandy为形容词,意为“沙的;含沙的”,修饰名词beach,故填sandy。4. The g______ has made new rules to protect the environment.(政府)【答案】government【解析】句意:政府制定了新规则来保护环境。结合首字母和汉语提示,government为名词,意为“政府”,作句子主语,故填government。5. Farmers harvest c______ in autumn in most parts of China.(玉米)【答案】corn【解析】句意:中国大部分地区的农民秋天收割玉米。结合首字母和汉语提示,corn为不可数名词,意为“玉米”,故填corn。6. The new r______ connects our small town with the big city.(铁路)【答案】railway【解析】句意:这条新铁路把我们的小镇和大城市连接起来。结合首字母和汉语提示,railway为名词,意为“铁路”,故填railway。7. Wipe the d______ off your shoes before entering the room.(污垢)【答案】dirt【解析】句意:进屋前把鞋子上的污垢擦掉。结合首字母和汉语提示,dirt为不可数名词,意为“泥土;污垢”,故填dirt。8. The river is about 20 meters w______ at this place.(宽的)【答案】wide【解析】句意:这条河在这里大约20米宽。结合首字母和汉语提示,wide为形容词,意为“宽的;宽阔的”,符合“数词+meters+形容词”结构,故填wide。9. Beijing is the c______ of China.(首都)【答案】capital【解析】句意:北京是中国的首都。结合首字母和汉语提示,capital为名词,意为“首都;省会”,故填capital。10. Regular exercise has many health b______.(益处)【答案】benefits【解析】句意:经常锻炼有很多健康益处。结合首字母和汉语提示,benefit为可数名词,意为“好处;益处”,many后接复数名词,故填benefits。11. It’s c______ for us to take the subway to school.(方便的)【答案】convenient【解析】句意:我们乘地铁上学很方便。结合首字母和汉语提示,convenient为形容词,意为“方便的;便利的”,符合固定句型,故填convenient。12. She finished the hard task with great e______.(轻松)【答案】ease【解析】句意:她轻松地完成了这项艰巨的任务。结合首字母和汉语提示,ease为不可数名词,意为“容易;轻松”,with ease为固定短语,故填ease。13. The v______ here are very friendly to visitors.(村民)【答案】villagers【解析】句意:这里的村民对游客很友好。结合首字母和汉语提示,villager为可数名词,意为“村民”,由are可知用复数形式,故填villagers。14. He is a j______ student in this high school.(低年级的)【答案】junior【解析】句意:他是这所高中的低年级学生。结合首字母和汉语提示,junior为形容词,意为“低年级的”,修饰名词student,故填junior。二、单项选择题1. The sudden storm ______ a lot of damage to the village.A. brought about B. took place C. turned out D. put off【答案】A【解析】考查短语辨析。brought about引起;导致;took place发生;turned out结果是;put off推迟。句意:突如其来的暴风雨给村庄造成了很大破坏。根据句意,选A。2. The ground is ______ thick snow after the heavy snowfall.A. covered with B. filled with C. crowded with D. connected with【答案】A【解析】考查固定短语。be covered with被……覆盖;be filled with充满;be crowded with挤满;be connected with与……有关。句意:大雪过后,地面被厚厚的积雪覆盖。根据句意,选A。3. The company closed down because of a ______ of money.A. shortage B. lack C. dirt D. housing【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。shortage侧重数量短缺;lack泛指缺乏;dirt污垢;housing住房。句意:这家公司因资金短缺倒闭。a shortage of为固定搭配,表“……短缺”,选A。4. She ______ enough courage to speak in front of many people.A. brings B. lacks C. links D. benefits【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。brings带来;lacks缺乏;links连接;benefits使受益。句意:她缺乏足够的勇气在很多人面前讲话。根据句意,选B。5. This kind of plant grows well in ______ soil.A. sandy B. wide C. narrow D. flat【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。sandy沙质的;wide宽的;narrow狭窄的;flat平坦的。句意:这种植物在沙质土壤里长得好。根据常识,选A。6. The local ______ helps poor people build new houses.A. manager B. government C. villager D. business【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。manager经理;government政府;villager村民;business商业。句意:当地政府帮助穷人建新房。根据句意,选B。7. My family fully ______ my decision to study abroad.A. supports B. leads C. discusses D. brings【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。supports支持;leads带领;discusses讨论;brings带来。句意:我的家人完全支持我出国留学的决定。根据句意,选A。8. We can buy fresh ______ and vegetables in the countryside.A. product B. corn C. digital D. railway【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。product产品;corn玉米;digital数字的;railway铁路。句意:我们可以在乡下买到新鲜的玉米和蔬菜。根据句意,选B。9. The ______ station is not far from my home.A. railway B. housing C. business D. discussion【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。railway铁路;housing住房;business商业;discussion讨论。句意:火车站离我家不远。railway station为固定搭配,选A。10. This factory makes high-quality electronic ______.A. products B. benefits C. aspects D. flats【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。products产品;benefits益处;aspects方面;flats公寓。句意:这家工厂生产高质量电子产品。根据句意,选A。11. The weather has ______ changed these days.A. greatly B. very C. wide D. narrow【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。greatly极大地,修饰动词;very非常,修饰形容词;wide宽的;narrow狭窄的。句意:这些天天气变化很大。修饰动词changed用greatly,选A。12. China is a ______ country with Chinese characteristics.A. junior B. socialist C. sandy D. convenient【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。junior低年级的;socialist社会主义的;sandy沙质的;convenient方便的。句意:中国是具有中国特色的社会主义国家。根据常识,选B。13. The government is solving the ______ problem in big cities.A. housing B. dirt C. soil D. corn【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。housing住房;dirt污垢;soil土壤;corn玉米。句意:政府正在解决大城市的住房问题。根据句意,选A。14. Many young people like ______ products, like digital cameras.A. flat B. digital C. wide D. easy【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。flat平坦的;digital数字的;wide宽的;easy容易的。句意:很多年轻人喜欢数码产品,比如数码相机。根据句意,选B。15. The street is too ______ for cars to pass easily.A. narrow B. wide C. sandy D. flat【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。narrow狭窄的;wide宽阔的;sandy沙质的;flat平坦的。句意:这条街太窄,汽车不好通过。根据句意,选A。16. There is a strong ______ between diet and health.A. link B. lead C. lack D. ease【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。link联系;lead领先;lack缺乏;ease轻松。句意:饮食和健康之间有紧密联系。根据句意,选A。17. Reading more books is ______ to your study.A. benefit B. beneficial C. benefit from D. bring about【答案】B【解析】考查词性和短语。benefit名词/动词;beneficial形容词,有益的;benefit from从……受益;bring about引起。be beneficial to为固定搭配,表“对……有益”,选B。18. I am ______ the result of the English exam.A. happy with B. strict with C. crowded with D. covered with【答案】A【解析】考查短语辨析。be happy with对……满意;be strict with对……严格;be crowded with挤满;be covered with被……覆盖。句意:我对英语考试结果很满意。根据句意,选A。19. The manager will hold a ______ about the new plan tomorrow.A. discussion B. business C. government D. aspect【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。discussion讨论;business商业;government政府;aspect方面。句意:经理明天会就新计划展开讨论。hold a discussion为固定搭配,选A。三、用所给单词适当形式填空1. The ______ (govern) has taken action to protect the river.【答案】government【解析】句意:政府已采取行动保护这条河。定冠词the后接名词,govern动词“管理”,名词形式为government“政府”,故填government。2. The beach is beautiful with ______ (sand) ground.【答案】sandy【解析】句意:这片沙滩很美,地面是沙质的。修饰名词ground用形容词,sand名词“沙子”,形容词形式为sandy“沙质的”,故填sandy。3. This shop sells many kinds of ______ (produce).【答案】products【解析】句意:这家店卖很多种产品。many kinds of后接复数名词,produce动词“生产”,名词形式为product,复数为products,故填products。4. The old man’s life has ______ (great) improved since then.【答案】greatly【解析】句意:从那以后,这位老人的生活极大地改善了。修饰动词improved用副词,great形容词“伟大的”,副词形式为greatly,故填greatly。5. The city needs more ______ (house) for poor people.【答案】housing【解析】句意:这座城市需要更多供穷人居住的住房。more后接名词,house名词“房屋”,不可数名词形式housing表“住房供给”,故填housing。6. ______ (digit) technology changes our life a lot.【答案】Digital【解析】句意:数字技术极大地改变了我们的生活。修饰名词technology用形容词,digit名词“数字”,形容词形式为digital,句首首字母大写,故填Digital。7. English is ______ (wide) used in international meetings.【答案】widely【解析】句意:英语在国际会议中被广泛使用。修饰动词used用副词,wide形容词“宽的”,副词形式为widely,故填widely。8. Fresh air is ______ (benefit) to our health.【答案】beneficial【解析】句意:新鲜空气对我们的健康有益。be动词后接形容词作表语,benefit名词/动词,形容词形式为beneficial,故填beneficial。9. The ______ (manage) of the supermarket is very kind to workers.【答案】manager【解析】句意:这家超市的经理对员工很友好。定冠词the后接名词,manage动词“管理”,名词形式为manager“经理”,故填manager。10. He ______ (narrow) missed the early bus this morning.【答案】narrowly【解析】句意:他今早勉强错过了早班车。修饰动词missed用副词,narrow形容词“狭窄的”,副词形式为narrowly,故填narrowly。11. The guide ______ (lead) us to visit the museum yesterday.【答案】led【解析】句意:导游昨天带领我们参观了博物馆。由yesterday可知用一般过去时,lead动词“带领”,过去式为led,故填led。12. They had a long ______ (discuss) about the school trip.【答案】discussion【解析】句意:他们就学校旅行进行了长时间讨论。不定冠词a后接名词,discuss动词“讨论”,名词形式为discussion,故填discussion。13. We need to consider every ______ (aspect) of the problem.【答案】aspect【解析】句意:我们需要考虑这个问题的每个方面。every后接单数可数名词,aspect名词“方面”,故填aspect。14. He has his own ______ (business) in the city.【答案】business【解析】句意:他在这座城市有自己的生意。own后接名词,business作“生意”讲时为不可数名词,故填business。四、根据汉语提示完成句子1. 这次误会导致了他们之间的争吵。The misunderstanding ______ ______ a quarrel between them.【答案】brought about【解析】考查固定短语。bring about意为“引起;导致”,句子描述过去的事,用一般过去时,故填brought about。2. 冬天山上覆盖着厚厚的雪。The mountains are ______ ______ thick snow in winter.【答案】covered with【解析】考查固定短语。be covered with意为“被……覆盖”,符合句子结构,故填covered with。3. 他缺乏处理这类问题的经验。He is ______ ______ experience in dealing with such problems.【答案】lacking in【解析】考查固定短语。be lacking in意为“在……方面缺乏”,符合句意,故填lacking in。4. 我对这次旅行的安排很满意。I am ______ ______ the plan of this trip.【答案】happy with【解析】考查固定短语。be happy with意为“对……满意”,符合句意,故填happy with。5. 每天锻炼对我们的健康很有益。Exercising every day is ______ ______ ______ our health.【答案】of benefit to【解析】考查固定短语。be of benefit to意为“对……有益”,符合句意,故填of benefit to。6. 过度工作会导致身体生病。Working too hard will ______ ______ illness.【答案】lead to【解析】考查固定短语。lead to意为“导致”,情态动词will后接动词原形,故填lead to。7. 老师带领我们参观了新图书馆。The teacher ______ us ______ visit the new library.【答案】led;to【解析】考查固定短语。lead sb. to do sth.意为“带领某人做某事”,句子描述过去的事,用一般过去时,故填led;to。8. 她毫不费力地解开了这个难题。She worked out the difficult problem ______ ______.【答案】with ease【解析】考查固定短语。with ease意为“轻松地;毫不费力地”,符合句意,故填with ease。9. 我们需要缩小城乡之间的差距。We need to ______ the ______ between cities and villages.【答案】narrow;gap【解析】考查动词和名词。narrow作动词意为“缩小”,gap意为“差距”,need to后接动词原形,故填narrow;gap。10. 这条公路连接着两个小镇。The road ______ the two small towns ______ each other.【答案】links;with【解析】考查固定短语。link A with B意为“把A和B连接起来”,句子为一般现在时,主语是单数,动词用第三人称单数形式,故填links;with。11. 我们现在生活在数字时代。We are living in the ______ ______ now.【答案】digital age【解析】考查固定短语。digital age意为“数字时代”,符合句意,故填digital age。12. 很多年轻人在大城市面临住房问题。Many young people face the ______ ______ in big cities.【答案】housing problem【解析】考查固定短语。housing problem意为“住房问题”,符合句意,故填housing problem。13. 中国的高铁发展得非常快。The high-speed ______ in China develops very fast.【答案】railway【解析】考查名词。railway意为“铁路”,high-speed railway为固定短语,意为“高铁”,故填railway。14. 我们的国家是一个社会主义国家。Our country is a ______ ______.【答案】socialist country【解析】考查形容词和名词。socialist意为“社会主义的”,country意为“国家”,符合句意,故填socialist country。15. 这个新政策仍在讨论中。The new policy is still ______ ______.【答案】under discussion【解析】考查固定短语。under discussion意为“在讨论中”,符合句意,故填under discussion。词汇精讲词汇精练21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 (共 2 页)/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科Unit 1The Changing World单元词汇精讲精练1、bring about【用法讲解】① bring about作动词短语,意为“引起;导致”。例句:His hard work finally brought about his success.(他的努力最终促成了他的成功。)② bring about还可意为“造成(事故等)”。例句:The heavy rain brought about serious traffic problems.(大雨导致了严重的交通问题。)【易混短语辨析】bring about 与 cause 与 lead to① bring about侧重引起某种状态或结果,较正式,常接抽象名词。例句:The war brought about many changes in society.(战争给社会带来了许多变化。)② cause最常用,强调直接的因果关系,可接具体或抽象事物。例句:Smoking causes lung cancer.(吸烟会导致肺癌。)③ lead to侧重经过一系列过程最终导致某种结果。例句:Lack of exercise can lead to health problems.(缺乏锻炼会导致健康问题。)2、rough【用法讲解】① rough作形容词,意为“崎岖的;粗糙的;不平滑的”。例句:The old wall feels rough to the touch.(这面旧墙摸起来很粗糙。)We set off once more, over a rough mountain track.(我们沿着一条崎岖的山间小路再度出发。)② rough意为“艰难的;艰苦的”。例句:They went through a rough winter with little food.(他们在食物匮乏的情况下度过了一个艰难的冬天。)3、be covered with【用法讲解】be covered with意为“被……覆盖;满是……”。例句:The hills are covered with green grass in spring.(春天山上长满了绿草。)例句:The cake is covered with fresh strawberries.(蛋糕上铺满了新鲜的草莓。)4、sandstorm【用法讲解】sandstorm作可数名词,意为“沙尘暴”。例句:A strong sandstorm hit the northern cities yesterday.(昨天一场强沙尘暴袭击了北方城市。)【常见短语】prevent sandstorms(防止沙尘暴)fight against sandstorms(抗击沙尘暴)sandstorm warning(沙尘暴预警)5、farmland【用法讲解】farmland作不可数名词(或集合名词),意为“农田;耕地”。例句:Much of the farmland has been turned into parks.(许多农田已被改造成公园。)【易错点】farmland通常作不可数名词,表示整体概念。若指具体的“一块块田地”,常用field(可数)。6、shortage【用法讲解】shortage作可数或不可数名词,意为“不足;缺乏”。多指资源、资金、人员、食物等的数量短缺。例句:The hospital is facing a shortage of nurses.(医院正面临护士短缺的问题。)【词形变化】short adj. 短的;短缺的 → shortage n. 短缺(+名词后缀-age)【常用结构】① a shortage of... (……的短缺)例句:There is a shortage of clean drinking water in the dry season.(旱季清洁饮用水短缺。)【易混词辨析】shortage 与 lack① shortage侧重“数量上的不足”,多指供不应求的客观状态。例句:The shortage of housing is a big problem.(住房短缺是个大问题。)② lack泛指“缺乏”,可作名词或动词,强调“没有或不够”。例句:The team failed through lack of practice.(队伍因缺乏练习而失败。)7、lack【用法讲解】① lack作名词,意为“缺乏;缺少”。例句:Success often depends on a lack of fear.(成功往往取决于不害怕。)② lack作及物动词,意为“缺乏;没有”。例句:She lacks confidence when speaking in public.(她在公众场合讲话时缺乏自信。)【常用结构】① be lacking in... (在……方面缺乏)例句:He is lacking in practical experience.(他缺乏实践经验。)8、bush【用法讲解】bush作可数名词,意为“灌木;矮树丛”。例句:A small bird was singing in the bush.(一只小鸟在灌木丛里歌唱。)9、root【用法讲解】① root作可数名词,意为“(植物的)根”。例句:The tree has strong roots that go deep into the ground.(这棵树有深入地下深处的强壮根系。)② root作可数名词,意为“根源;起因”。例句:Poverty is often the root of social problems.(贫困往往是社会问题的根源。)【常用结构】take root (生根;扎根;确立)例句:His love for music took root in childhood.(他对音乐的热爱在童年时就已扎根。)【词形变化】rootless adj. 无根的;漂泊的rooted adj. 根深蒂固的10、soil【用法讲解】soil作不可数名词,意为“土壤;泥土”。例句:This kind of flower grows best in rich, dark soil.(这种花在肥沃的黑土里长得最好。)【常见短语】poor/rich soil(贫瘠/肥沃的土壤)protect the soil(保护土壤)soil erosion(水土流失)【易混词辨析】soil、dirt 与 land① soil强调“土壤/耕地”。例句:We should test the soil before planting.(种植前应检测土壤。)② dirt指“尘土/污垢”,含贬义,强调脏。例句:Your hands are covered with dirt.(你手上全是泥垢。)③ land指“陆地/土地”,范围最广,可指国土、建筑用地等。11、sandy【用法讲解】sandy作形容词,意为“沙的;含沙的;沙质的”。例句:We walked on the sandy beach for two hours.(我们在沙质海滩上走了两个小时。)【词形变化】sand n. 沙 → sandy adj. 沙的(+形容词后缀-y)同类构词:wind→windy(有风的),cloud→cloudy(多云的)【常用结构】sandy soil/beach/area(沙质土壤/海滩/区域)例句:Carrots grow well in sandy soil.(胡萝卜在沙质土壤里长得好。)12、government【用法讲解】government作可数名词(集合意义),意为“政府;政体”。例句:The government has made new rules to protect the environment.(政府制定了新规则来保护环境。)【词形变化】govern v. 统治;管理【常见短语】local/central government(地方/中央政府)13、support【用法讲解】① support作及物动词,意为“支持;拥护”。例句:We fully support your decision.(我们完全支持你的决定。)② support作不可数名词,意为“支持;帮助”。例句:Thank you for your support.(感谢你的支持。)【常用结构】① support sb./sth. (支持某人/某事)例句:Many students support the new school rule.(许多学生支持这项新校规。)② provide support for... (为……提供支持)例句:The teacher provided support for the struggling students.(老师为学习困难的学生提供了帮助。)14、corn【用法讲解】corn作不可数名词,意为“玉米;谷物”。例句:Farmers grow corn and wheat in this area.(农民在这一地区种植玉米和小麦。)【常见短语】sweet corn(甜玉米)popcorn(爆米花)a field of corn(一片玉米地)【易错点】corn作“玉米”讲时通常为不可数名词,不用复数。15、high-tech【用法讲解】high-tech(或high technology)作形容词,意为“高科技的;先进的”。例句:Shenzhen is famous for its high-tech companies.(深圳以其高科技公司闻名。)【常见短语】high-tech products(高科技产品)high-tech park(高科技园区)16、greenhouse【用法讲解】greenhouse作可数名词,意为“温室;暖房”。例句:We grow flowers in the greenhouse during winter.(冬天我们在温室里种花。)【词形变化】greenhouse effect (温室效应)【常见短语】greenhouse gases(温室气体)17、highway【用法讲解】highway作可数名词,意为“公路;干线公路”。指连接主要城市、供车辆高速行驶的宽阔道路。例句:The new highway will cut the travel time by two hours.(这条新公路将把行程缩短两小时。)【易混词辨析】highway 与 road 与 street① highway指城市间的“干线公路/高速公路”,车速快、车道多。例句:Be careful when driving on the highway.(在高速公路上开车要小心。)② road泛指“道路”,乡村或城镇均可用。例句:The road to the village is narrow.(通往村子的路很窄。)③ street指城镇内两旁有建筑物的“街道”。例句:She lives on a quiet street.(她住在一条安静的街道上。)18、railway【用法讲解】railway(英式)/railroad(美式)作可数名词,意为“铁路”。指由轨道、路基、信号系统组成的运输线路。例句:The railway connects Beijing and Shanghai.(这条铁路连接北京和上海。)【词形变化】rail n. 轨道;栏杆railway station n. 火车站【常见短语】high-speed railway(高铁)build a railway(修建铁路)19、attraction【用法讲解】① attraction作可数名词,意为“景点;有吸引力的事物”。例句:The museum is a major tourist attraction.(博物馆是一个主要旅游景点。)② attraction作不可数名词,意为“吸引;吸引力”。例句:The game has lost its attraction for teenagers.(这款游戏对青少年已失去吸引力。)【词形变化】attract v. 吸引attractive adj. 有吸引力的(attract+形容词后缀-ive)【常用结构】tourist attraction (旅游景点)例句:The Great Wall is one of the most famous tourist attractions in China.(长城是中国最著名的旅游景点之一。)20、product【用法讲解】product作可数名词,意为“产品;产物”。例句:This company produces high-quality electronic products.(这家公司生产高质量的电子产品。)【词形变化】produce v. 生产;制造 n. 农产品producer n. 生产者;制片商production n. 生产;产量(produce+名词后缀-ion)【常见短语】daily products(日用品)21、greatly【用法讲解】greatly作副词,意为“非常;极大地”。修饰动词、形容词或副词,表示程度深。例句:The weather has greatly improved since yesterday.(自昨天以来天气大有好转。)【词形变化】great adj. 伟大的;巨大的 → greatly adv. 非常地(great+副词后缀-ly)【易混词辨析】greatly 与 very① greatly多修饰动词或过去分词,强调变化或影响的程度。例句:The plan was greatly changed.(计划被大大修改了。)② very修饰形容词或副词原级,不能直接修饰动词。例句:The movie is very interesting.(这部电影很有趣。)22、socialist【用法讲解】socialist可作形容词,意为“社会主义的;社会主义者的”。也可作名词指“社会主义者”。例句:China is a socialist country with Chinese characteristics.(中国是一个具有中国特色的社会主义国家。)【词形变化】society n. 社会social adj. 社会的;社交的socialism n. 社会主义(social+名词后缀-ism)【常见短语】socialist system(社会主义制度)23、e-payment【用法讲解】e-payment作可数/不可数名词,意为“电子支付”。例句:E-payment has become very popular in our daily life.(电子支付在我们的日常生活中已非常普及。)【词形变化】e-commerce n. 电子商务e-book n. 电子书【常见短语】mobile e-payment(手机电子支付)secure e-payment system(安全的电子支付系统)24、housing【用法讲解】housing作不可数名词,意为“住房;房屋供给”。例句:The government is working hard to solve the housing problem.(政府正努力解决住房问题。)【词形变化】house n. 房屋 → housing n. 住房/房产(house+动名词/名词后缀-ing,表相关领域)【常用结构】housing market/price (房地产市场/价格)例句:Housing prices in big cities are very high.(大城市的房价非常高。)25、digital【用法讲解】digital作形容词,意为“数字的;数码的”。例句:Young people are familiar with digital devices.(年轻人对数码设备很熟悉。)【词形变化】digit n. 数字【常见短语】digital camera(数码相机)digital age/era(数字时代)26、audio【用法讲解】audio作形容词,意为“音频的;声音的”。例句:We use audio equipment to record the interview.(我们使用音频设备来录制采访。)【常见短语】audio book(有声书)audio file(音频文件)27、dirt【用法讲解】dirt作不可数名词,意为“泥土;污垢;灰尘”。例句:Wipe the dirt off the window.(把窗户上的污垢擦掉。)【词形变化】dirty adj. 脏的(dirt+形容词后缀-y)28、track【用法讲解】① track作可数名词,意为“跑道;田径场”。例句:He runs fast on the track every morning.(他每天早上在跑道上跑得很快。)② track可意为“足迹;踪迹”。例句:The hunters followed the animal's tracks in the snow.(猎人顺着雪地上的动物足迹追踪。)③ track可作动词,意为“追踪;跟踪”。例句:The app can track your daily exercise.(这款应用能追踪你的日常运动。)29、wide【用法讲解】① wide作形容词,意为“宽的;宽阔的”。例句:The river is about 50 meters wide here.(这里的河面大约50米宽。)② wide意为“广泛的;普遍的”。例句:English is widely used around the world.(英语在世界范围内被广泛使用。)【词形变化】widely adv. 广泛地(wide+副词后缀-ly)width n. 宽度(形容词wide的名词形式,注意词形变化)【常用结构】be + 数词 + meters wide (……米宽)例句:The road is 10 meters wide.(这条路有10米宽。)【易混词辨析】wide 与 broad① wide侧重“宽度、范围”,可用于具体空间或抽象范围。例句:The door is too wide.(这门太宽了。)② broad侧重“宽阔的、宽广的”,多修饰肩、胸、海洋、视野等。例句:He has broad shoulders.(他肩膀很宽阔。)30、link【用法讲解】① link作动词,意为“连接;联系”。例句:The bridge links the two villages together.(这座桥把两个村庄连接在一起。)② link作可数名词,意为“联系;纽带;链接”。例句:There is a strong link between health and diet.(健康与饮食之间有很强的联系。)【常用结构】① link A with/to B (把A与B联系起来)例句:Scientists link smoking to lung disease.(科学家将吸烟与肺癌联系起来。)31、port【用法讲解】port作可数名词,意为“港口;口岸”。例句:Shanghai is one of the busiest ports in the world.(上海是世界上最繁忙的港口之一。)【词形变化】airport n. 飞机场(air+port)seaport n. 海港(sea+port)32、capital【用法讲解】① capital作可数名词,意为“首都;省会”。例句:Beijing is the capital of China.(北京是中国的首都。)② capital作形容词,意为“大写的”。例句:Please write your name in capital letters.(请用大写字母写你的名字。)【常用结构】capital city (首都/省会城市)例句:Paris is the capital city of France.(巴黎是法国的首都。)33、benefit【用法讲解】① benefit作可数名词,意为“好处;益处;福利”。例句:Regular exercise has many health benefits.(经常锻炼有很多健康益处。)② benefit作动词,意为“使受益;对……有利”。例句:The new policy will benefit all citizens.(新政策将使所有公民受益。)【常用结构】① benefit from... (从……中受益)例句:Students benefit from online learning.(学生们从在线学习中受益。)② be of benefit to... (对……有益)例句:Reading is of great benefit to your mind.(阅读对你的思维大有裨益。)【词形变化】beneficial adj. 有益的(benefit+形容词后缀-ial)34、be happy with【用法讲解】be happy with意为“对……满意/高兴”。with后接让人满意的人、事、物或结果。例句:The teacher is happy with our progress.(老师对我们的进步感到满意。)【易混短语辨析】be happy with 与 be pleased with 与 be satisfied with① be happy with 语气较日常,侧重主观上的高兴、满意。例句:She is happy with her new dress.(她对自己的新裙子很满意。)② be pleased with 较正式,语气比happy稍强。例句:He was very pleased with the exam results.(他对考试成绩非常满意。)③ be satisfied with 强调“达到预期标准而满足”,最正式。例句:Are you satisfied with the service (你对服务满意吗?)35、convenient【用法讲解】convenient作形容词,意为“方便的;便利的”。例句:The supermarket is very convenient for local residents.(这家超市对当地居民非常方便。)【词形变化】convenience n. 便利;方便设施(convenient+名词后缀-ence)inconvenient adj. 不方便的(in-否定前缀)【常用结构】It is convenient for sb. to do sth. (对某人来说做某事很方便)例句:It is convenient for students to take the subway to school.(学生乘地铁上学很方便。)36、business【用法讲解】① business作不可数名词,意为“商业;生意;贸易”。例句:He is in the import and export business.(他从事进出口生意。)② business作可数名词,意为“企业;公司”。例句:She started a small online business last year.(她去年开了一家小型网店。)③ business意为“事务;职责”。例句:None of your business.(这不关你的事。)【词形变化】busy adj. 忙碌的 → business n. 商业(busy去y加-iness的变体)businessman/businesswoman n. 商人【常见短语】do business(做生意)【易错点】business是不可数名词(泛指商业时),作“一家公司”讲时可数。37、ease【用法讲解】① ease作不可数名词,意为“容易;舒适;安逸”。例句:The machine makes cleaning the house with great ease.(这台机器让打扫房子变得极其轻松。)【词形变化】easy adj. 容易的 → ease n. 容易/舒适(词根转换)unease n. 不安;忧虑【常用结构】with ease 轻松地;毫不费力地例句:She finished the difficult task with ease.(她轻松地完成了这项困难的任务。)38、lorry【用法讲解】lorry作可数名词(英式英语),意为“卡车;货车”。相当于美式英语的truck。例句:A large lorry is parked outside the factory.(一辆大卡车停在工厂外面。)【常见短语】heavy lorry(重型卡车)drive a lorry(驾驶卡车)【易错点】复数形式为lorries(变y为i加es)。39、manager【用法讲解】manager作可数名词,意为“经理;主管;负责人”。例句:The manager praised the team for their hard work.(经理因团队的辛勤工作而表扬了他们。)【词形变化】manage v. 管理;设法做成management n. 管理;管理层【常见短语】project manager(项目经理)store manager(店长)40、conclusion【用法讲解】conclusion作可数名词,意为“结论;推论;结尾”。例句:After reading the report, I came to the conclusion that he was honest.(读完报告后,我得出的结论是他是诚实的。)【词形变化】conclude v. 结束;推断(conclusion的动词形式,注意结尾为-u-非-s)【常用结构】① draw/reach/come to a conclusion (得出结论)例句:Scientists have reached a conclusion about the experiment.(科学家得出了关于该实验的结论。)② in conclusion (总之;最后,用于结尾)例句:In conclusion, I believe reading is very important.(总之,我认为阅读非常重要。)41、narrow【用法讲解】① narrow作形容词,意为“狭窄的”。例句:The street is too narrow for two cars to pass.(这条街太窄了,两辆车无法通过。)② narrow作动词,意为“使变窄;缩小(差距)”。例句:We need to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor.(我们需要缩小贫富差距。)【词形变化】narrowly adv. 勉强地;狭窄地【易错点】narrow作形容词时,比较级和最高级为narrower, narrowest(也可用more/most)。42、villager【用法讲解】villager作可数名词,意为“村民;乡下人”。例句:The villagers welcomed the visitors warmly.(村民们热情地欢迎了来访者。)【词形变化】village n. 村庄 → villager n. 村民(village+名词后缀-r,去e加er)【常见短语】local villagers(当地村民)43、the Olympics【用法讲解】the Olympics作专有名词(常作复数),意为“奥林匹克运动会;奥运会”。正式名称为Olympic Games。例句:The 2024 Olympics will be held in Paris.(2024年奥运会将在巴黎举行。)【词形变化】Olympic adj. 奥林匹克的(注意首字母大写)【常见短语】host the Olympics(举办奥运会)win a medal at the Olympics(在奥运会上获得奖牌)【易错点】通常加定冠词the,谓语动词可用单数或复数。44、lead【用法讲解】① lead作及物/不及物动词,意为“带领;领导;引领”。例句:She will lead the team to the competition.(她将带领团队参加比赛。)② lead作可数名词,意为“领先地位;榜样”。例句:Take the lead in protecting the environment.(在环保方面起带头作用。)【词形变化】leader n. 领导者(lead+名词后缀-er)leadership n. 领导力【常用结构】① lead to... (导致;通向)例句:Too much stress may lead to illness.(压力过大会导致疾病。)② lead sb. to do sth. (带领某人做某事)例句:The guide led us to visit the museum.(导游带领我们参观了博物馆。)【易错点】注意lead的过去式和过去分词是led,不是leaded。45、man-made【用法讲解】man-made作形容词,意为“人造的;人工的”。例句:Plastic is a common man-made material.(塑料是一种常见的人造材料。)【常见短语】man-made lake/dam/planet(人工湖/大坝/人造卫星)46、miracle【用法讲解】miracle作可数名词,意为“奇迹;不可思议的事”。例句:Doctors said his recovery was a miracle.(医生说他的康复是个奇迹。)47、junior【用法讲解】① junior作形容词,意为“级别较低的;资历较浅的;低年级的”。例句:He is a junior manager in the company.(他是公司的初级经理。)【词形变化】反义词:senior adj./n. 高级的;年长的;毕业班学生【常见短语】junior high school(初中)junior employee(初级员工)48、flat【用法讲解】① flat作可数名词(英式),意为“公寓”。相当于美式英语的apartment。例句:They live in a small flat near the park.(他们住在公园附近的一套小公寓里。)49、discussion【用法讲解】discussion作可数/不可数名词,意为“讨论;谈论”。例句:We had a long discussion about the school trip.(我们就学校旅行进行了长时间的讨论。)【词形变化】discuss v. 讨论【常用结构】① under discussion (在讨论中)例句:The new rule is still under discussion.(新规则仍在讨论中。)② hold/have a discussion on/about sth. (就某事进行讨论)例句:The class held a discussion on environmental protection.(全班就环境保护进行了讨论。)50、aspect【用法讲解】aspect作可数名词,意为“方面;层面”。例句:We need to look at every aspect of the problem.(我们需要考虑这个问题的每一个方面。)【常用结构】in some/many aspects (在某些/许多方面)例句:In many aspects, he is like his father.(在许多方面,他都很像他的父亲。)【易混词辨析】aspect 与 side① aspect侧重事物的“某个特定角度、外观或性质”,较正式。例句:The cultural aspect of the festival is important.(这个节日的文化层面很重要。)② side侧重“一边;一方面”,常用于对比(on one side... on the other side...)。例句:Look at the bright side of things.(看事物好的一面。)一、根据首字母和汉语提示填写适当的单词1. There is a serious s______ of clean water in this dry area.(短缺)2. Farmers grow vegetables in rich s______ every spring.(土壤)3. We walked along the s______ beach and enjoyed the sunset.(沙质的)4. The g______ has made new rules to protect the environment.(政府)5. Farmers harvest c______ in autumn in most parts of China.(玉米)6. The new r______ connects our small town with the big city.(铁路)7. Wipe the d______ off your shoes before entering the room.(污垢)8. The river is about 20 meters w______ at this place.(宽的)9. Beijing is the c______ of China.(首都)10. Regular exercise has many health b______.(益处)11. It’s c______ for us to take the subway to school.(方便的)12. She finished the hard task with great e______.(轻松)13. The v______ here are very friendly to visitors.(村民)14. He is a j______ student in this high school.(低年级的)二、单项选择题1. The sudden storm ______ a lot of damage to the village.A. brought about B. took place C. turned out D. put off2. The ground is ______ thick snow after the heavy snowfall.A. covered with B. filled with C. crowded with D. connected with3. The company closed down because of a ______ of money.A. shortage B. lack C. dirt D. housing4. She ______ enough courage to speak in front of many people.A. brings B. lacks C. links D. benefits5. This kind of plant grows well in ______ soil.A. sandy B. wide C. narrow D. flat6. The local ______ helps poor people build new houses.A. manager B. government C. villager D. business7. My family fully ______ my decision to study abroad.A. supports B. leads C. discusses D. brings8. We can buy fresh ______ and vegetables in the countryside.A. product B. corn C. digital D. railway9. The ______ station is not far from my home.A. railway B. housing C. business D. discussion10. This factory makes high-quality electronic ______.A. products B. benefits C. aspects D. flats11. The weather has ______ changed these days.A. greatly B. very C. wide D. narrow12. China is a ______ country with Chinese characteristics.A. junior B. socialist C. sandy D. convenient13. The government is solving the ______ problem in big cities.A. housing B. dirt C. soil D. corn14. Many young people like ______ products, like digital cameras.A. flat B. digital C. wide D. easy15. The street is too ______ for cars to pass easily.A. narrow B. wide C. sandy D. flat16. There is a strong ______ between diet and health.A. link B. lead C. lack D. ease17. Reading more books is ______ to your study.A. benefit B. beneficial C. benefit from D. bring about18. I am ______ the result of the English exam.A. happy with B. strict with C. crowded with D. covered with19. The manager will hold a ______ about the new plan tomorrow.A. discussion B. business C. government D. aspect三、用所给单词适当形式填空1. The ______ (govern) has taken action to protect the river.2. The beach is beautiful with ______ (sand) ground.3. This shop sells many kinds of ______ (produce).4. The old man’s life has ______ (great) improved since then.5. The city needs more ______ (house) for poor people.6. ______ (digit) technology changes our life a lot.7. English is ______ (wide) used in international meetings.8. Fresh air is ______ (benefit) to our health.9. The ______ (manage) of the supermarket is very kind to workers.10. He ______ (narrow) missed the early bus this morning.11. The guide ______ (lead) us to visit the museum yesterday.12. They had a long ______ (discuss) about the school trip.13. We need to consider every ______ (aspect) of the problem.14. He has his own ______ (business) in the city.四、根据汉语提示完成句子1. 这次误会导致了他们之间的争吵。The misunderstanding ______ ______ a quarrel between them.2. 冬天山上覆盖着厚厚的雪。The mountains are ______ ______ thick snow in winter.3. 他缺乏处理这类问题的经验。He is ______ ______ experience in dealing with such problems.4. 我对这次旅行的安排很满意。I am ______ ______ the plan of this trip.5. 每天锻炼对我们的健康很有益。Exercising every day is ______ ______ ______ our health.6. 过度工作会导致身体生病。Working too hard will ______ ______ illness.7. 老师带领我们参观了新图书馆。The teacher ______ us ______ visit the new library.8. 她毫不费力地解开了这个难题。She worked out the difficult problem ______ ______.9. 我们需要缩小城乡之间的差距。We need to ______ the ______ between cities and villages.10. 这条公路连接着两个小镇。The road ______ the two small towns ______ each other.11. 我们现在生活在数字时代。We are living in the ______ ______ now.12. 很多年轻人在大城市面临住房问题。Many young people face the ______ ______ in big cities.13. 中国的高铁发展得非常快。The high-speed ______ in China develops very fast.14. 我们的国家是一个社会主义国家。Our country is a ______ ______.15. 这个新政策仍在讨论中。The new policy is still ______ ______.词汇精讲词汇精练21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 (共 2 页) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 Unit 1The Changing World单元词汇精讲精练学案-2026-2027学年九年级英语上册新人教版(2024)(原卷版).doc Unit 1The Changing World单元词汇精讲精练学案-2026-2027学年九年级英语上册新人教版(2024)(解析版).doc