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UNIT 10　课时作业(二)
(分值:75分)
[基础进阶·情境运用]
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共8题;每题1分,共8分)
1.She 　　　　(敢于) not breathe a word of it to anybody.
2.He survived the accident with no broken 　　　　(骨头).
3.Why do you always 　　　　(叹气) when you say his name
4.Those a　　　　 children live in harmony in their new families.
5.Mary will p　　　　 to study for a master’s degree this academic year.
6.Don’t stand outside 　　　　(哆嗦)—come inside and get warm!
7.Two women with 　　 　　(有泪痕的) faces told us how the fire had destroyed their village.
8.The report r　　　　 that workers had been exposed to high levels of radiation.
Ⅱ.词形转换(共8题;每题1.5分,共12分)
1.When I told him the secret,he stood in 　　　　(amaze).
2.　　　　(resolute) she left home to embark on a new life with the man she loved.
3.The government has ordered an 　　　　(investigate) into the accident.
4.The idea of a holiday abroad is surely 　　　　(appeal).
5.A large part of human activity,　　　　(particular) in relation to the environment,is in response to conditions or events.
6.The 　　　　 (adopt) of this policy would relieve the unions of a tremendous burden.
7.But a change,no matter how 　　　(desperate) it was needed,didn’t just happen in response to his cry.
8.Compare fresh vegetables with 　　　　(freeze) vegetables,and you’ll find the fresh ones taste better.
Ⅲ.单句情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.他挥舞着手走向我们。(现在分词作伴随状语)
2.他第一次上这位年轻老师的课就对他的课感兴趣了。(when引导的时间状语从句)
3.这个男孩低头站在那儿。(with复合结构)
4.现在没必要告诉我你的答案。(There is no need to do sth.)
5.在我们周围是一些说笑的孩子们。(完全倒装)
Ⅳ.语法练习——完成句子(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.贵宾们受到了高度赞扬。
The distinguished guests 　　　 　　　　　　.
2.那男孩跑得非常快,能够追上那只狗。
The boy ran 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
3.她比她丈夫年轻多了。
She is 　　　　　　　　　　　　 her husband.
4.萨拉回到家,瘦弱不堪,她的父母几乎认不出她。
Sara came home so thin and weak that her parents 　　　　　　　　　　　.
5.气温略有上升,但仍很冷。
The temperature 　　　　　　　　　　　　, but it was still very cold.
[话题延伸·素养升华]
Ⅰ.阅读(共8题;每题2.5分,共20分)
A
Recently we celebrated my grandmother’s 90th birthday. Family members travelled to my hometown to visit her. This was the first time in many years that I had seen so many of them. Though this was an opportunity to see family,many people did not make it. Honestly,
living far from hometown,I had missed many family gatherings. But this one made me realise how much I was really missing.
It seemed strange when I was looking at the faces,realising whom they were and greeting them with open arms. After chatting for a while,we caught up on each other’s news. Several relatives suggested having a family reunion soon if everyone wasn’t so busy. But my grandmother’s generation was much busier,yet still found time to gather. They understood the importance of visiting one another. They knew time is flying and that those you care about most won’t be here forever.
Today,we focus on our careers and raising our kids. Our extended family isn’t the centre it once was. Besides,we keep in touch on social media. But what we really miss are the potato salad,the moments of laughter and sudden bursts of excitement when we hug someone we haven’t seen for over 10 years. Although the next get-together is always a year or so away,
people aren’t goods and everyone has an expiration (到期) date.
I left my grandmother’s party with a much better sense of who I am and where I come from. I spent valuable time with people who contributed to who I am today. I had forgotten how much I love them and I was reminded how much I am loved.
(　　)1.How did the author feel about missing previous family gatherings
[A]Indifferent. [B]Sad.
[C]Regretful. [D]Annoyed.
(　　)2.What do we know about the author’s grandmother’s generation
[A]They were carefree.
[B]They held family dear.
[C]They took time seriously.
[D]They visited family frequently.
(　　)3.What does the author mean by the last sentence in Paragraph 3
[A]Family reunions mean no fun.
[B]All goods don’t have an expiration date.
[C]People are always too busy to get together.
[D]We should see loved ones more before it’s too late.
(　　)4.Why does the author write the text
[A]To convince readers to meet friends.
[B]To share an interesting family reunion.
[C]To stress the value of family gatherings.
[D]To compare different generations’ values.
B
We often hear honesty is the best policy,and no one likes to be called a liar.But is dishonesty always wrong
Not necessarily.
According to psychologists,there are two types of lies:Lies that help your relationships and the people around you are called pro-social lies;and lies that hurt them are called antisocial lies.
How often have you clicked “Like” online,not because you actually like what your friends posted,but because you want to show your support This white lie is an example of a pro-social lie.But when people tell lies on social networks to make their own lives seem more exciting,or to make others jealous,this is antisocial lying.
Workplace lies range from harmless lies to destructive untruthful statements.An example of a pro-social workplace lie is complimenting someone on his or her presentation— even though it was only average — because you know he or she was nervous beforehand.In this case,your intention is simply to protect your colleague’s feelings.However,people sometimes tell bigger lies at work for the purpose of avoiding blame or to stay on the boss’s good side.These are antisocial lies.They are antisocial because your boss is likely to discover the truth and as a result,will probably stop trusting you.
Lying is also a significant part of the natural world.So it’s little wonder we resort to it almost reflexively.Human babies sometimes pretend to cry,check to see if anyone is listening,and then start crying again.By the age of five,children learn to say things that are completely untrue,and most nine-year-olds have mastered keeping secrets to protect themselves.
Lying can be incredibly harmful to our relationships and to the people around us.But that’s only true for antisocial lies.Pro-social lies have the opposite effect—they can actually help us.
(　　)5. What may help us tell a pro-social lie from an antisocial lie
[A]The purpose it serves.
[B]The way it is told.
[C]The occasion where it is told.
[D]The people it is told to.
(　　)6. Why does the author mention bigger lies at work
[A]Because they tend to avoid blame or to stay on the boss’s good side.
[B]Because they prove that workplace lies can be destructive.
[C]Because they show the intention of protecting others.
[D]Because they help with hiding the truth.
(　　)7.Which statement is supported by the passage
[A]We usually tell pro-social lies to protect our own feelings.
[B]Lying always hurts both the liar and the person being lied to.
[C]Lying on social media is pro-social,but face-to-face lying isn’t.
[D]Sometimes,making people feel good benefits more than telling the absolute truth.
(　　)8.What’s the text intended to do
[A] To warn that lies could harm us.
[B]To make it clear that lying is a second nature.
[C]To persuade that there are some lies that we need to tell.
[D]To remind that honesty is the best policy.
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
As I walked to the market this morning,I saw an old man in shabby clothes sitting in front of a shop.I thought he was a beggar and made a 　1　 that on my way back,I should give him whatever 　2　 I had.
A few feet away was a young man　3　 down on the sidewalk,obviously in a drunken state and nobody took any notice.I thought it was some good-for-nothing drunk who had 　4　 all his money on alcohol.Soon I finished all my shopping,and walked back along the same road.　5　 I reached the point where I saw the beggar,I took out all the 　6　 change I had.When I got close to him and asked him to take it,he 　7　 looked into my eyes,but still looked ahead and shook his head,saying he did not need it.I insisted and 　8　 it into his hand.
As I stood there,proud of my great 　9　 of charity,the old man slowly walked up to the young man and 　10　 him awake.I stood there watching with 　11　 as he walked to the tea shop and asked for something for which he paid with the money I gave,and 　12　 a bun and a cup of hot tea.He then went back to the young man,helped him to sit,and helped him to eat and drink.
The old man noticed that I was still standing there so he 　13　 and said that the young boy had not eaten for two days and that was why he fell down on the sidewalk.Suddenly I felt so 　14　 and admired the 　15　 of a man who has so little compared to me.He was truly generous.
(　　)1.[A]difference [B]choice
[C]request [D]decision
(　　)2. [A]help [B]advice
[C]change [D]strength
(　　)3.[A]lying [B]sitting
[C]walking [D]pacing
(　　)4. [A]used [B]wasted
[C]donated [D]saved
(　　)5.[A]Before [B]Because
[C]If [D]Although
(　　)6. [A]major [B]great
[C]left [D]plain
(　　)7.[A]angrily [B]directly
[C]calmly [D]hardly
(　　)8.[A]pushed [B]brought
[C]checked [D]kept
(　　)9.[A]goal [B]issue
[C]job [D]act
(　　)10.[A]shook [B]touched
[C]kicked [D]frightened
(　　)11.[A]delight [B]anxiety
[C]annoyance [D]amazement
(　　)12.[A]exchanged [B]supplied
[C]collected [D]demanded
(　　)13.[A]sat up [B]looked up
[C]woke up [D]showed up
(　　)14.[A]great [B]small
[C]proud [D]confused
(　　)15.[A]responsibility [B]wisdom
[C]generosity [D]positivityUNIT 10　单元知识巩固练习
(分值:84.5分)
[基础进阶·情境运用]
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共8题;每题1分,共8分)
1.Jimmy is a　　　　 and thus unrelated to Beth by blood.
2.The boy put his hand in the f　　　　 water and shivered with cold.
3.He is a naughty boy and his classmates are often d　　　　 by him in class.
4.She found herself in 　　　　(冲突,矛盾) with her parents over her future career.
5.The newly 　　　　(发布)data confirms breathtaking declines in African savanna elephant populations over the last decade.
6.They were r　　　　 divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background.
7.In his opinion,greater agency 　　(干涉) in businesses would represent a step backwards.
8.The salesman had a strong commercial sense of what would 　　　　(有吸引力) to the public and which products would sell well.
Ⅱ.词形转换(共8题;每题1.5分,共12分)
1.I don’t really want to go.　　　　(addition),it’s too late now.
2.The recent 　　　　(disagree) points up the differences between the two sides.
3.It’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and
　　　　(forgive).
4.　　　　(encourage) is more instrumental for the development of children than blame.
5.As a 　　　　 (consequent) of being in hospital,Shelly decided that she wanted to become a nurse.
6.Although she had only met the old man once,he had made a deep 　　　(impress) on her.
7.I must offer him an 　　　　(apologise) for my rudeness last night.
8.If you travel 　　　(frequent),find an agency that will change one foreign currency directly into another.
Ⅲ.选词填空(共8题;每题1.5分,共12分)
burst into,pay attention to,be used to doing,be based on,consist of,participate in,refer to, hang out
1.How many players does a football team 　　　　　　　　
2.On the peak,she 　　　　　　　　 tears,releasing all her emotions.
3.The movie that 　　　　　　　　 a real-life incident is really a hit.
4.We agreed never to 　　　　　　　　 the conflict between us from then on.
5.Women like to 　　　　　　　　 in shops or supermarkets in their spare time.
6.He often 　　　　　　　　 different social activities to improve himself.
7.The old professor insisted that the problem requiring 　　　　　　　　　　　　 be discussed.
8.He 　　　　　　　　 eating out all the time.
Ⅳ.单句情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.我弟弟和我都不喜欢踢足球。(neither...nor...)
2.只有那些有很多共同之处的人才能相处得好。(who引导的定语从句)
3.没有必要使每一个人都成为科学家。(it is +adj.+that...)
4.正是在田野里,我学会了放风筝和捉蝴蝶。(强调句)
5.得知你在上周举行的英语演讲比赛中名列第一,我写信向你表示衷心的祝贺。(现在分词短语作状语)
Ⅴ.单元语法填空(共5题;每题1.5分,共7.5分)
Once I lived near an airport which 1.　　　　 (build) years ago,but for some reason it
2.　　　 　 (not use) then.The year before,however,it came into use.Over a hundred people must 3.　　　 (drive) away from their homes by the noise.I was one of the few people left.
Sometimes I thought the house 4.　　　 (knock) down by a passing plane.I 5.　　　 (offer) a large sum of money to go away,but I was determined to stay there because it was close to my company.
[话题延伸·素养升华]
Ⅰ.阅读(共8题;每题2.5分,共20分)
A
Your biology teacher may insist that science is not a laughing matter,but scientists would argue that laughter is a scientific matter.These scientists have found a basic difference in how men and women laugh.
Jo-Anne Bachorowski and her research team recorded the laughter of 97 volunteers.The volunteers watched clips (电影片段) from funny movies.The scientists were surprised at the variety of sounds people made when they laughed.Rarely did they hear sounds that we stereotype as laughter such as “tee hee hee” or “ho ho ho”. More often they heard vowel (元音) sounds such as those heard in “car” (aah) or “glow” (ooh).What’s more,women tended to laugh in a more sing-song way,while men more often grunted (发出哼声).
The researchers caution that this work was limited to people in the United States,so the results may not be universal.Bachorowski predicts that cultural influences may affect what causes people to laugh,but it probably does not change how we laugh.
　　Although we do laugh at jokes and funny movies,80% of our laughter occurs during everyday comments in everyday social situations.Robert Provine,a neuroscientist who studies laughter,went to places such as shopping malls and collected more than 1,200 conversations.
He found that the person speaking laughed 46% more than the listeners and that women laughed more often than men.Furthermore,the response to the speaker depended on the speaker’s gender.People,whether male or female,laughed more readily in response to a male speaker.The researchers also observed that laughter rarely interrupted speech.Instead,laughter came at the end of a phrase,much like punctuation following a written sentence.
Humans may be “tuned” (使协调) for laughter much in the same way that songbirds are “tuned” for song—especially their own specific family song.Certain nerve cells (神经细胞) in the songbird’s brain “fire” in response to hearing his song.Perhaps humans have specialised nerve cells that respond to laughter.After all,laughter is a specialised vocalisation,and we are “tuned” to respond to vocalisations in language.
(　　)1.How did Bachorowski’s team do their research
[A]By studying how people laugh globally.
[B]By analysing cultural influences on humans’ laughter.
[C]By observing everyday conversations in shopping malls.
[D]By studying sounds made by volunteers in response to funny movies.
(　　)2.What did Bachorowski’s team find
[A]Men and women laugh differently.
[B]Vowel sounds are rarely heard in laughter.
[C]Cultural influences determine how people laugh.
[D]People think jokes are funnier than comedy movies.
(　　)3.Which of the following agrees with Provine’s finding
[A]Men laugh more often than women.
[B]Listeners laugh more often than speakers.
[C]Laughter may easily interrupt a conversation.
[D]Male speakers make people laugh more easily.
(　　)4.Why does the author mention songbirds in the last paragraph
[A]To describe how birds laugh.
[B]To praise the beautiful songs they sing.
[C]To explain how humans’ laughter works.
[D]To show that laughter also exists among animals.
B
While driving home after work,Jane Hodgson noticed a car pulled over at the side of the road and a crowd beginning to gather around someone who was lying on the ground.
Jane,who had completed a first-aid course at work,pulled over to see if she could offer any help—and the young injured girl turned out to be lucky to meet her.
Describing the scene she came across,Jane said,“Onlookers were ashen-faced (脸色苍白的) and looked lost.They were so shocked that they hadn’t even thought to call for an ambulance yet.”
After speaking to the emergency services,Jane started finding out what had happened and what injuries the young girl called Jenny had.The girl had been hit by a car,which hurt her head and shoulder.Her shoulder and arm were twisted (扭曲) underneath her.
“She hadn’t been wearing a helmet when she got knocked down,and I thought that she should not be moved as I couldn’t be sure about a spinal injury (脊椎损伤),but after looking her over and checking the circulation in her injured arm I did feel fairly confident that she had escaped unhurt,” said Jane.
“As we were waiting for an ambulance,the girl was feeling more and more painful.To distract her and minimise the risk of her going into shock I kept talking to her.She held my hand tightly when the pain got too much and this helped.I told her I could handle it—we laughed about that,” described Jane.
Later,a doctor from the local hospital’s ICU stopped at the scene,too.The doctor decided that Jenny should lie on her back,making her much more comfortable until the emergency services arrived.
Thinking back,Jane said,“For me,knowing that in a way I helped that girl through a frightening experience is all the reward I need.I feel great to know I have made a difference and I will do it again.”
(　　)5.What can we learn from the text about Jane Hodgson
[A]She is an ICU doctor.
[B]She is a first-aid trainer.
[C]She works in a local hospital.
[D]She learnt some first aid knowledge.
(　　)6.When waiting for an ambulance,which of the following best describes the situation
[A]Jane tried to give Jenny confidence.
[B]Jenny went into shock.
[C]Jane was a little impatient.
[D]Jenny refused to talk.
(　　)7.Which of the following can best describe Jane Hodgson
[A]Strict but caring.
[B]Tough and generous.
[C]Proud but determined.
[D]Warm-hearted and helpful.
(　　)8.What’s the main idea of this passage
[A]It is a story between two strangers.
[B]It is about how to perform first aid.
[C]It is an experience about performing first aid.
[D]It is about the importance of first aid.
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
Maria was alarmed,the moment she knew I was leaving for a trip without her.She was three and I just started my new career as a new travel writer.She didn’t hold back her despair,
　1　 strongly.
Maria was born during our sailing adventure.We planned to sail again when she was seven,at which time she’d be 　2　 enough for us all to enjoy family travel.But 　3　,an opportunity for a parent-child train journey through the Rockies came.When she watched me take notes about the scenery,four-year-old Maria started 　4　 an Australian couple on the train and drawing their answers in crayon (蜡笔) to prove her 　5　 as an assistant.
She was also great during other trips,like in Mexico’s Riviera Maya,　6　 swimming and snorkelling (浮潜) under sea,which many adults dared not challenge.In Fiji (斐济),
nine-year old Maria was 　7　 by the women chiefs we met and decided to become a leader.
I realised how much travel was 　8　 my once glued-to-my-heel kid.
When she was admitted to a college in South Africa,it was my turn to be 　9　.My mother told me I should have expected that a kid raised sailing around the world would develop her own desire for 　10　.But during that first airport 　11　,I wanted nothing more than to stay with her longer.
When she returned,the 21-year-old girl seemed unfamiliar.But our trip to the Big Tree Trail Park helped us 　12　.Looking up at the old trees,Maria 　13　 some of the tales I’d told her about me saving the ancient forests.I could see myself come into focus for her—not just as her mum but as a fellow 　14　.She grabbed my hand and we just walked among the trees,absorbing the moment,making another 　15　.
(　　)1.[A]revealing [B]reacting
[C]replying [D]approving
(　　)2.[A]qualified [B]independent
[C]efficient [D]determined
(　　)3.[A]unfortunately [B]consequently
[C]unexpectedly [D]rarely
(　　)4.[A]interviewing [B]bothering
[C]accompanying [D]entertaining
(　　)5.[A]observation [B]appreciation
[C]worth [D]strength
(　　)6.[A]fearlessly [B]rudely
[C]accidentally [D]carefully
(　　)7.[A]adored [B]fascinated
[C]distracted [D]employed
(　　)8.[A]engineering [B]challenging
[C]shaping [D]perfecting
(　　)9.[A]concerned about [B]left behind
[C]looked after [D]taken with
(　　)10.[A]knowledge [B]friendship
[C]adventure [D]freedom
(　　)11.[A]reunion [B]celebration
[C]interaction [D]separation
(　　)12.[A]reconnect [B]recognise
[C]perceive [D]clarify
(　　)13.[A]recalled [B]created
[C]imagined [D]developed
(　　)14.[A]instructor [B]companion
[C]consultant [D]traveller
(　　)15.[A]wish [B]change
[C]communication [D]memoryUNIT 10　课时作业(三)
(分值:72.5分)
[基础进阶·情境运用]
Ⅰ.语境填词(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.With a　　　　(sorrow) sigh she folded the letter and put it away.
2.He was annoyed at having his sleep 　　　　(interrupt).
3.It was an 　　　　(legal) act and would lead to your arrest.
4.Press these two keys to switch between 　　　　(document) on screen.
5.The vote yesterday appears to mark something of a　　　　(turn) point in the war.
6.Angela reasoned with Simon,trying to persuade him 　　　　(change) his mind,but Simon would not listen to her.
7.Well equipped,they set out 　　　　(break) the record for cross-channel swimming.
8.There are two desks in my study,the smaller of which 　　　　(belong) to my daughter.
9.Studies show that 　　　　 (forgive) reduces anger,nervousness and stress.
10.When climbing Mount Tai,I kept telling myself I was following in the footsteps of 72 　　　　(emperor) and Confucius.
Ⅱ.单句情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.很明显,我们需要更多的实践。(it is +adj.+that...)
2.他帮助人并不期待任何回报。(in return for)
3.不管开心还是难过,她总是试着保持微笑。(whether... or...)
4.他不但读了这本书,而且记得所读的内容。(not only...but also...)
5.引起观众们兴趣的是这个年轻人如何学会了五种外语。(强调句型)
[话题延伸·素养升华]
Ⅰ.阅读(共8题;每题2.5分,共20分)
A
While you are studying or working abroad,sharing an apartment with people from other cultures is a great way of getting the most out of a period from the beginning.This is a situation to which it will take some time to adapt.Here are some tips to make the process go smoother.
Start by being aware of your own culture,values and attitudes.Understand that people who have not grown up in the same country or context as you can sometimes translate some of your behaviour in the wrong way.To avoid this,seek advice from your friends and family to find out more about what type of person you are and what you might come across when it comes to people who don’t know you.You might also consider conducting a little research about what type of stereotypes (成见) other cultures might hold about the people of your own country.
Be understanding and patient.Now that you know that people are all different,be understanding when you get to know them.Try to be open-minded so that you can start off on the right foot.This will promote communication with them.To get to know each other better,plan to spend some time doing what each of you likes to do in your spare time.You can cook meals together,go out to the town,listen to music,take a weekend trip and play some board games.Moreover,the other person might be from a place where people do not usually do these activities.The opportunities to learn from each other are endless,but sometimes it can take some initiative (主动性) to actually make it happen.
People are more similar than you think most of the time.We grow up in such a large world with so much information everywhere and sometimes we can be misled into thinking something that we should not believe,but we have the opportunity to make up our own minds.So be kind.You don’t know where people come from and what their stories are.
(　　)1.Why does the author suggest being aware of your own culture
[A]To learn to behave well.
[B]To build the sense of independence.
[C]To prevent yourself being misunderstood.
[D]To gain an insight into other cultures.
(　　)2.What can you do for a better understanding of each other
[A]Mind your own business in spare time.
[B]Suggest some activities to do together.
[C]Involve your roommate in what you like.
[D]Team up with your roommate in video games.
(　　)3.What does the author intend to express in the last paragraph
[A]The world is so large and people are different.
[B]Being friendly is good for cross-cultural communication.
[C]People from different cultures should learn from each other.
[D]Go to the Internet to get more information about different cultures.
(　　)4.What can be the best title for the text
[A]How to Study or Work Abroad
[B]How to Learn Cultures of Your Roommates
[C]How to Have a Good Time with Foreigners
[D]How to Live with People from Different Cultures
B
Oliver,the CTO of a high-tech company,loved to participate in all conversations at the C-suite level,regardless of topic.He was often the first to raise his hand for a project,appeared to have infinite capacity to get high-quality work done,and offered to assist his peers and direct reports.Oliver seemed to be all-in; optimistic,energetic,supportive,and someone who contributed to everyone.
However,the more Oliver participated,the more others around him were slighted.Instead of sparking creativity in others,his ideas outshone everyone else’s.He consumed time speaking in meetings,exhausting the oxygen level in the room.Oliver felt pumped up by how many of his ideas had been deployed but frustrated by others’ lack of sufficient effort.
While the CEO appreciated Oliver’s yield,she recognised he had to change his approach to keep the rest of the team productive.In response,Oliver worked out a plan to help address his cooperation challenges using techniques many other executives had deployed.
When we over-participate,we believe that we’re being helpful.However,“helpfulness” is defined by the recipient,not the giver.Instead of improving his relationships with colleagues,
Oliver robbed them of fulfillment by furnishing masses of ideas.They felt discouraged,
interrupted,and excluded.To fix the issue,Oliver learnt the value of asking two specific questions before offering his own ideas:“What have you thought of ” and “What would be most helpful for you at this point ” Surveying others to understand what’s helpful illuminates better avenues for our contribution:directly through our ideas,through coaching colleagues to create their own,or by building on what someone else has generated.
(　　)5.What can we learn about Oliver
[A]He lacks creativity.
[B]He favours competition.
[C]He works enthusiastically.
[D]He behaves irresponsibly.
(　　)6.What is a result of Oliver’s over-participation
[A]The team generated more diverse ideas.
[B]Oliver’s colleagues became less productive.
[C]Group meetings were more time-consuming.
[D]Oliver’s teammates were inspired to work harder.
(　　)7.What technique did Oliver employ to fix the issue
[A]Hearing others’ voices.
[B]Providing specific ideas.
[C]Strengthening his leadership.
[D]Building strong relationships.
(　　)8.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
[A]When Leaders Fail to Keep the Team Productive
[B]When Contributing Gets in the Way of Cooperating
[C]How a Great Team Welcomes Ideas in a Discussion
[D]How Active Participation Gives Rise to a Better Team
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Have you ever watched a silent television show and tried to predict how the characters were feeling according to their body language The ability to understand people’s body language is a skill that’s almost born inside of us.1.　　　.This skill develops as we grow older,which is called non-verbal communication.
Body language helps us communicate what we’re feeling without saying much at all.
Think about a time when you were very angry.Did you clench (咬紧) your teeth Did your palms get sweaty when you were anxious In most cultures,these cues (线索) that reveal emotional states are quite common.But gestures have specific meanings across different cultures.Take touch for example.2.　　　.In India,however,the ideal way to greet someone is by touching their feet,not by shaking their hands.
In some places,gestures meaning hellos and goodbyes and touches indicating friendship and love are all the same.But the problem arises because some gestures have vastly different meanings in different cultures.For example,the “OK” symbol is used as a superb symbol in India,but in Türkiye,this symbol is considered offensive (冒犯性的).3.　　　.
So,what should we do Should we not use gestures at all Of course not.4.　　　.No matter how much we try to stop ourselves,we will end up communicating non-verbally in some way or another.
5.　　　,you’d better make a quick search on the Internet or turn to a comprehensive book to better interact with the locals,and avoid offending them during your stay!
A.It was a very kind and thoughtful gesture
B.So,the next time you decide to travel to another country
C.When you flash the “OK” sign there,you’re asking for a fight
D.They also use a system of sounds and body language to communicate
E.Even the smallest children can figure out when their mothers are mad
F.Gestures are something that comes with the language of communication
G.A general way of saying “Hello” in western culture is a brief handshake
差异。
Ⅲ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
Australia has always been at the top of my travel bucket list,with 1.　　 　(it) sunshine,unique wildlife and laid-back lifestyle.Upon realising that I could incorporate (将……纳入) an academic exchange into my Public Health degree,it suddenly hit me
2.　　　　 this would be my golden ticket to the land.
While studying there,I lived in a nearby apartment.3.　　(surround) by mostly Australian students and attending the 4.　　 　　(culture) activities organised in the local community really allowed me to get the most out of my experience abroad.
I soon found that the people around me are friendly.A handful of friends gave me some
5.　　　　(invite) and introduced me to their families.I 6.　 　　　(show) around their hometowns.These experiences made it possible for me to learn what it’s 7.　　　　(true) like to grow up and live in Australia.
One of the major challenges,8.　　 which I was faced while abroad,was understanding Australia’s unique slang.
For those students going on exchange,don’t be afraid 9.　　　　(step) to the unknown.
Go outside of 10.　　　　 comfort zone and take full advantage of your time abroad! UNIT 10　单元知识巩固练习
(分值:84.5分)
[基础进阶·情境运用]
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共8题;每题1分,共8分)
1.Jimmy is a　　　　 and thus unrelated to Beth by blood.
2.The boy put his hand in the f　　　　 water and shivered with cold.
3.He is a naughty boy and his classmates are often d　　　　 by him in class.
4.She found herself in 　　　　(冲突,矛盾) with her parents over her future career.
5.The newly 　　　　(发布)data confirms breathtaking declines in African savanna elephant populations over the last decade.
6.They were r　　　　 divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background.
7.In his opinion,greater agency 　　(干涉) in businesses would represent a step backwards.
8.The salesman had a strong commercial sense of what would 　　　　(有吸引力) to the public and which products would sell well.
【答案】 1.adopted　2.freezing　3.disturbed 4.conflict　5.released　6.randomly
7.intervention　8.appeal
Ⅱ.词形转换(共8题;每题1.5分,共12分)
1.I don’t really want to go.　　　　(addition),it’s too late now.
2.The recent 　　　　(disagree) points up the differences between the two sides.
3.It’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and
　　　　(forgive).
4.　　　　(encourage) is more instrumental for the development of children than blame.
5.As a 　　　　 (consequent) of being in hospital,Shelly decided that she wanted to become a nurse.
6.Although she had only met the old man once,he had made a deep 　　　(impress) on her.
7.I must offer him an 　　　　(apologise) for my rudeness last night.
8.If you travel 　　　(frequent),find an agency that will change one foreign currency directly into another.
【答案】 1.Additionally　2.disagreement　3.forgiveness 4.Encouragement　5.consequence
6.impression　7.apology　8.frequently
Ⅲ.选词填空(共8题;每题1.5分,共12分)
burst into,pay attention to,be used to doing,be based on,consist of,participate in,refer to, hang out
1.How many players does a football team 　　　　　　　　
2.On the peak,she 　　　　　　　　 tears,releasing all her emotions.
3.The movie that 　　　　　　　　 a real-life incident is really a hit.
4.We agreed never to 　　　　　　　　 the conflict between us from then on.
5.Women like to 　　　　　　　　 in shops or supermarkets in their spare time.
6.He often 　　　　　　　　 different social activities to improve himself.
7.The old professor insisted that the problem requiring 　　　　　　　　　　　　 be discussed.
8.He 　　　　　　　　 eating out all the time.
【答案】 1.consist of　2.burst into　3.is based on　4.refer to　5.hang out　6.participates in　7.paying attention to　8.is used to
Ⅳ.单句情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.我弟弟和我都不喜欢踢足球。(neither...nor...)
2.只有那些有很多共同之处的人才能相处得好。(who引导的定语从句)
3.没有必要使每一个人都成为科学家。(it is +adj.+that...)
4.正是在田野里,我学会了放风筝和捉蝴蝶。(强调句)
5.得知你在上周举行的英语演讲比赛中名列第一,我写信向你表示衷心的祝贺。(现在分词短语作状语)
【答案】 1.Neither my brother nor I enjoy playing football.
2.Only those who have a lot in common can get along well.
3.It is not necessary that everyone (should) be a scientist.
4.It was in the fields that I learnt to fly a kite and catch butterflies.
5.Learning that you ranked first in the English speech competition held last week,I am writing to offer my sincere congratulations.
Ⅴ.单元语法填空(共5题;每题1.5分,共7.5分)
Once I lived near an airport which 1.　　　　 (build) years ago,but for some reason it
2.　　　 　 (not use) then.The year before,however,it came into use.Over a hundred people must 3.　　　 (drive) away from their homes by the noise.I was one of the few people left.
Sometimes I thought the house 4.　　　 (knock) down by a passing plane.I 5.　　　 (offer) a large sum of money to go away,but I was determined to stay there because it was close to my company.
【答案】 1.was built　2.was not used　3.have been driven　4.would be knocked　5.had been offered
[话题延伸·素养升华]
Ⅰ.阅读(共8题;每题2.5分,共20分)
A
Your biology teacher may insist that science is not a laughing matter,but scientists would argue that laughter is a scientific matter.These scientists have found a basic difference in how men and women laugh.
Jo-Anne Bachorowski and her research team recorded the laughter of 97 volunteers.The volunteers watched clips (电影片段) from funny movies.The scientists were surprised at the variety of sounds people made when they laughed.Rarely did they hear sounds that we stereotype as laughter such as “tee hee hee” or “ho ho ho”. More often they heard vowel (元音) sounds such as those heard in “car” (aah) or “glow” (ooh).What’s more,women tended to laugh in a more sing-song way,while men more often grunted (发出哼声).
The researchers caution that this work was limited to people in the United States,so the results may not be universal.Bachorowski predicts that cultural influences may affect what causes people to laugh,but it probably does not change how we laugh.
　　Although we do laugh at jokes and funny movies,80% of our laughter occurs during everyday comments in everyday social situations.Robert Provine,a neuroscientist who studies laughter,went to places such as shopping malls and collected more than 1,200 conversations.
He found that the person speaking laughed 46% more than the listeners and that women laughed more often than men.Furthermore,the response to the speaker depended on the speaker’s gender.People,whether male or female,laughed more readily in response to a male speaker.The researchers also observed that laughter rarely interrupted speech.Instead,laughter came at the end of a phrase,much like punctuation following a written sentence.
Humans may be “tuned” (使协调) for laughter much in the same way that songbirds are “tuned” for song—especially their own specific family song.Certain nerve cells (神经细胞) in the songbird’s brain “fire” in response to hearing his song.Perhaps humans have specialised nerve cells that respond to laughter.After all,laughter is a specialised vocalisation,and we are “tuned” to respond to vocalisations in language.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了科学家通过研究,发现了男人和女人笑的基本区别。
(　　)1.How did Bachorowski’s team do their research
[A]By studying how people laugh globally.
[B]By analysing cultural influences on humans’ laughter.
[C]By observing everyday conversations in shopping malls.
[D]By studying sounds made by volunteers in response to funny movies.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第一、第二句“Jo-Anne Bachorowski and her research team recorded the laughter of 97 volunteers.The volunteers watched clips (电影片段) from funny movies.”可知,Bachorowski的团队是通过记录志愿者在看搞笑电影片段时发出的笑声进行研究的。故选D。
(　　)2.What did Bachorowski’s team find
[A]Men and women laugh differently.
[B]Vowel sounds are rarely heard in laughter.
[C]Cultural influences determine how people laugh.
[D]People think jokes are funnier than comedy movies.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“What’s more,women tended to laugh in a more sing-song way,while men more often grunted (发出哼声).”可知,Bachorowski的团队发现男人和女人笑的方式不同。故选A。
(　　)3.Which of the following agrees with Provine’s finding
[A]Men laugh more often than women.
[B]Listeners laugh more often than speakers.
[C]Laughter may easily interrupt a conversation.
[D]Male speakers make people laugh more easily.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第三句“People,whether male or female,laughed more readily in response to a male speaker.”可知,男性演讲者更容易让人笑。故选D。
(　　)4.Why does the author mention songbirds in the last paragraph
[A]To describe how birds laugh.
[B]To praise the beautiful songs they sing.
[C]To explain how humans’ laughter works.
[D]To show that laughter also exists among animals.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可推知,作者在最后一段提到鸣禽是为了解释人类是怎样笑的。故选C。
B
While driving home after work,Jane Hodgson noticed a car pulled over at the side of the road and a crowd beginning to gather around someone who was lying on the ground.
Jane,who had completed a first-aid course at work,pulled over to see if she could offer any help—and the young injured girl turned out to be lucky to meet her.
Describing the scene she came across,Jane said,“Onlookers were ashen-faced (脸色苍白的) and looked lost.They were so shocked that they hadn’t even thought to call for an ambulance yet.”
After speaking to the emergency services,Jane started finding out what had happened and what injuries the young girl called Jenny had.The girl had been hit by a car,which hurt her head and shoulder.Her shoulder and arm were twisted (扭曲) underneath her.
“She hadn’t been wearing a helmet when she got knocked down,and I thought that she should not be moved as I couldn’t be sure about a spinal injury (脊椎损伤),but after looking her over and checking the circulation in her injured arm I did feel fairly confident that she had escaped unhurt,” said Jane.
“As we were waiting for an ambulance,the girl was feeling more and more painful.To distract her and minimise the risk of her going into shock I kept talking to her.She held my hand tightly when the pain got too much and this helped.I told her I could handle it—we laughed about that,” described Jane.
Later,a doctor from the local hospital’s ICU stopped at the scene,too.The doctor decided that Jenny should lie on her back,making her much more comfortable until the emergency services arrived.
Thinking back,Jane said,“For me,knowing that in a way I helped that girl through a frightening experience is all the reward I need.I feel great to know I have made a difference and I will do it again.”
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述的是Jane Hodgson在下班途中看到有人发生意外并用所学的急救知识对其进行急救的故事。
(　　)5.What can we learn from the text about Jane Hodgson
[A]She is an ICU doctor.
[B]She is a first-aid trainer.
[C]She works in a local hospital.
[D]She learnt some first aid knowledge.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段可知,Jane刚刚学完急救课程,学到了急救知识。故
选D。
(　　)6.When waiting for an ambulance,which of the following best describes the situation
[A]Jane tried to give Jenny confidence.
[B]Jenny went into shock.
[C]Jane was a little impatient.
[D]Jenny refused to talk.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“To distract her...laughed about that”可知,在等救护车时Jane与Jenny不断谈话,让她紧握着自己的手,以此减少疼痛,并告诉Jenny她可以应付当前情况。由此可知,Jane在不断地给Jenny信心。故选A。
(　　)7.Which of the following can best describe Jane Hodgson
[A]Strict but caring.
[B]Tough and generous.
[C]Proud but determined.
[D]Warm-hearted and helpful.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,在下班途中Jane碰到意外事故便停下来帮忙,以及下文中讲述的Jane对受伤的Jenny进行救援的过程可知,她是个热心肠又乐于助人的人。故选D。
(　　)8.What’s the main idea of this passage
[A]It is a story between two strangers.
[B]It is about how to perform first aid.
[C]It is an experience about performing first aid.
[D]It is about the importance of first aid.
【答案】 C
【解析】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了Jane的一次实施急救的经历。故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
Maria was alarmed,the moment she knew I was leaving for a trip without her.She was three and I just started my new career as a new travel writer.She didn’t hold back her despair,
　1　 strongly.
Maria was born during our sailing adventure.We planned to sail again when she was seven,at which time she’d be 　2　 enough for us all to enjoy family travel.But 　3　,an opportunity for a parent-child train journey through the Rockies came.When she watched me take notes about the scenery,four-year-old Maria started 　4　 an Australian couple on the train and drawing their answers in crayon (蜡笔) to prove her 　5　 as an assistant.
She was also great during other trips,like in Mexico’s Riviera Maya,　6　 swimming and snorkelling (浮潜) under sea,which many adults dared not challenge.In Fiji (斐济),
nine-year old Maria was 　7　 by the women chiefs we met and decided to become a leader.
I realised how much travel was 　8　 my once glued-to-my-heel kid.
When she was admitted to a college in South Africa,it was my turn to be 　9　.My mother told me I should have expected that a kid raised sailing around the world would develop her own desire for 　10　.But during that first airport 　11　,I wanted nothing more than to stay with her longer.
When she returned,the 21-year-old girl seemed unfamiliar.But our trip to the Big Tree Trail Park helped us 　12　.Looking up at the old trees,Maria 　13　 some of the tales I’d told her about me saving the ancient forests.I could see myself come into focus for her—not just as her mum but as a fellow 　14　.She grabbed my hand and we just walked among the trees,absorbing the moment,making another 　15　.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名旅行作家,如何带着女儿一起旅行,并看到女儿在旅行中的成长和变化。
(　　)1.[A]revealing [B]reacting
[C]replying [D]approving
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据空前“She didn’t hold back her despair”以及本段第一句“Maria was alarmed,
the moment she knew I was leaving for a trip without her.”可知,作者的女儿反应(reacting)很强烈。故选B。
(　　)2.[A]qualified [B]independent
[C]efficient [D]determined
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据“We planned to sail again when she was seven”可知,在作者的女儿七岁时去旅行,她就足够独立(independent)了。故选B。
(　　)3.[A]unfortunately [B]consequently
[C]unexpectedly [D]rarely
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据“But 　3　,an opportunity for a parent-child train journey through the Rockies came.”中的But可知,作者本打算在女儿七岁的时候去航海,但是出乎意料的是(unexpectedly),落基山脉亲子火车之旅的机会来了。故选C。
(　　)4.[A]interviewing [B]bothering
[C]accompanying [D]entertaining
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据“When she watched me take notes about the scenery”以及“drawing their answers in crayon (蜡笔)”可知,Maria开始在火车上采访(interviewing)一对澳大利亚夫妇。故选A。
(　　)5.[A]observation [B]appreciation
[C]worth [D]strength
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据“drawing their answers in crayon (蜡笔)”以及“as an assistant”可知,作者的女儿在火车上采访一对澳大利亚夫妇,并用蜡笔写下他们的回答,以证明她作为助理的价值(worth)。故选C。
(　　)6.[A]fearlessly [B]rudely
[C]accidentally [D]carefully
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据“many adults dared not challenge”可知,Maria无畏地(fearlessly)在海底游泳和浮潜。故选A。
(　　)7.[A]adored [B]fascinated
[C]distracted [D]employed
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据“decided to become a leader”可知,Maria被她们遇到的女酋长所吸引(fascinated),所以决定成为一名领袖。故选B。
(　　)8.[A]engineering [B]challenging
[C]shaping [D]perfecting
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上句“In Fiji (斐济),nine-year old...to become a leader.”可知,旅行让作者女儿有了自己的梦想和追求。由此可知,旅行对孩子的影响很大。故选C。
(　　)9.[A]concerned about [B]left behind
[C]looked after [D]taken with
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据“When she was admitted to a college in South Africa”可知,Maria被南非的一所大学录取,她要去上大学,和妈妈分开。此处意为“我”被抛在后面(left behind)了。故选B。
(　　)10.[A]knowledge [B]friendship
[C]adventure [D]freedom
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据“I should have expected that a kid raised sailing around the world”可知,一个在航海环游世界中长大的孩子会培养出自己对冒险(adventure)的渴望。故选C。
(　　)11.[A]reunion [B]celebration
[C]interaction [D]separation
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文可知,Maria被南非的一所大学录取,此处指在机场和作者分开(separation)。故选D。
(　　)12.[A]reconnect [B]recognise
[C]perceive [D]clarify
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上句“When she returned,the 21-year-old girl seemed unfamiliar”以及后文“Maria 　13　 some of the tales I’d told her about me saving the ancient forests”可知,Maria回来后,和作者似乎很陌生,但她们去大树小径公园的旅行帮助她们重新建立连接(reconnect)。故选A。
(　　)13.[A]recalled [B]created
[C]imagined [D]developed
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据“I’d told her about me saving the ancient forests”可知,Maria回想起(recalled)作者告诉她的一些关于作者拯救古老森林的故事。故选A。
(　　)14.[A]instructor [B]companion
[C]consultant [D]traveller
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据“I could see myself come into focus for her”以及“She grabbed my hand and we just walked among the trees”可知,作者在旅行中陪伴孩子,即成为孩子的同伴(companion)。故选B。
(　　)15.[A]wish [B]change
[C]communication [D]memory
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文“Looking up at the old trees,Maria 　13　...the ancient forests.”可知,作者和女儿在树林里走着,交流旅行的往事。故选C。 UNIT 10　课时作业(一)
(分值:85分)
[基础进阶·情境运用]
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共8题;每题1分,共8分)
1.There are several private 　　　　 (诊所) in my town.
2.There are different 　　　　(学说,理论) about how the brain works.
3.The waiter had our leftover food made up into two 　　　　 (包裹) to take home.
4.Part of his account 　　　　 (冲突) with what he told me yesterday.
5.She wore a heavy gold 　　　　(链子) around her neck.
6.The heat 　　　　(释放) from the machines made the workshop hot.
7.Everyone in the community always 　　　　 (羡慕) the couple’s happiness.
8.The students can choose to dine at different 　　　　 (食堂,餐厅) in my school.
Ⅱ.词形转换(共8题;每题1.5分,共12分)
1.Most patients make a recovery without further 　　　　 (intervene).
2.I want to make a good first 　　　　 (impress) on my first day of senior high school.
3.The following programme contains scenes that may be 　　　　 (disturb) to some viewers.
4.Her words were a great 　　　　 (encourage) to them.
5.Bob resigned from the club following a 　　　　 (disagree) with the head coach.
6.I 　　　　 (apology) to you for missing our appointment yesterday.
7.　　　　 (addition),the bus service will run on Sundays,every two hours.
8.In her study,the participants were 　　　　 (random) divided into two groups.
6.apologised　7.Additionally　8.randomly
Ⅲ.单句情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.他决定依靠自己,而不是向朋友寻求帮助。(rather than)
2.作家在写书时经常查阅词典。(refer to)
3.这家公司由许多小分公司组成,它们在市场上很有竞争力。(consist of)
4.当问到他为什么迟到时,他没有说话。(状语从句的省略)
5.我昨天是在火车站遇见吉姆的。(强调句型)
Ⅳ.语法练习——短文语法填空(共5题;每题1.5分,共7.5分)
At yesterday’s class meeting,Zhang Qun 1.　　　　 (praise) by the teacher because he had helped a sick classmate.The fact was that when he entered the classroom yesterday morning,he found Li Ning,who had been there earlier than him,suddenly had a high fever and 2.　　　　(trouble) by it.Zhang Qun immediately called 120 and Li Ning 3.　　　　(send) to hospital in time.The teacher said such things had already 4.　　　　(do) by Zhang Qun and asked us to learn from him.However,Zhang Qun said it was his duty to help the classmates and such things 5.　　　　 (continue) to be done afterwards.
[话题延伸·素养升华]
Ⅰ.阅读(共8题;每题2.5分,共20分)
A
Too many people want others to be their friends,but they don’t give friendship back.That is why some friendships don’t last very long.To have a friend,you must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend to treat you.Learning to be a good friend means learning three rules: be honest; be generous (宽宏大量的);be understanding.
Honesty is where a good friendship starts.Friends must be able to trust one another.If you do not tell the truth,people will usually find out.If a friend finds out that you haven’t been honest,you may lose your friend’s trust.Good friends always rely on one another to speak and act honestly.
Generosity means sharing and sharing makes a friendship grow.You do not have to give your lunch money or your clothes.Naturally you will want to share your ideas and feelings.
These can be very valuable to a friend.They tell your friend what is important to you.By sharing them,you help your friend know better.
Sooner or later everyone needs understanding and help with a problem.Something may go wrong at school.Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve.Turning to a friend can be a first step in solving the problem.So to be a friend you must listen and understand.You must try to put yourself in your friend’s place so that you can understand the problem better.
No two friendships are exactly alike.But true friendships have three things in common.If you plan to keep your friends,you must practise honesty,generosity and understanding.
(　　)1.Why do some friendships not last long
[A]Because there are too many people who want to make friends.
[B]Because those who give others friendship receive friendship from others.
[C]Because some people receive friendship but don’t give friendship back.
[D]Because some people don’t know friendship is something serious.
(　　)2.What do we know about honesty according to the passage
[A]It is something countable.
[B]It is the base of friendship.
[C]It is as important as money.
[D]It is more important than anything else.
(　　)3.What does the underlined word “They” refer to in the third paragraph
[A]Generosity and friendship.
[B]Generosity and sharing.
[C]Your ideas and feelings.
[D]Your clothes.
(　　)4.What’s the best title of this passage
[A]How to Be a Friend
[B]Honesty Is the Best Policy
[C]A Friend in Need Is a Friend Indeed
[D]Three Important Points in Life
B
Many people avoid apologising because admitting to wrongdoing makes them uncomfortable.“We like to view ourselves as good people as kind and considerate,”says Ryan Fehr,a professor at the University of Washington.“Apologies force us to admit to ourselves that we don’t always live up to our own standards.We might also fear that others won’t accept our apology,further damaging our positive sense of self.For these reasons,an apology can be very difficult to give.”
For many,apologising is stressful,awkward and uncomfortable.But a heartfelt apology has positive effects.It can improve your mental health,repair damaged relationships and promote self-esteem. “Apologies act as a signal of one’s moral character,” Fehr says.
Researchers at Ohio State University have determined that effective apologies have five elements:expressing regret,explaining what went wrong,acknowledging responsibility,offering to repair the situation and requesting forgiveness.All five aren’t necessary every time.“The more of those elements are included,the more likely the apology is seen as convincing,”says Roy Lewicki,the lead study author.“Acknowledgement of responsibility turns out to be the most important piece,followed by an explanation of why it happened and declaration of regret.”
“Sometimes,an immediate apology is called for,” says Antony Manstead,a psychology professor at Cardiff University.“But if one is angry at your wrongdoing,it may be more effective to wait,because his or her anger may stop him or her accepting an apology.Some research suggests that a delay increases an apology’s effectiveness because it conveys that the wrongdoer has had time to reflect on his or her misdeeds,” says Mara Olekalns,a professor of management at Melbourne Business School.“The best time to apologise is when one feels ready to sincerely apologise,” says Etienne Mullet,research director of the Ethics and Work Laboratory at the Institute of Advanced Studies.“There is nothing worse in these situations than insincere apologies.”
(　　)5.Why do many people feel uncomfortable to apologise
[A]Because they are kind and considerate people.
[B]Because they are afraid of losing face.
[C]Because they believe themselves right.
[D]Because they have high moral standards.
(　　)6.What is the most important when it comes to making an effective apology
[A]To express regret.
[B]To express what went wrong.
[C]To accept responsibility.
[D]To request forgiveness.
(　　)7.What can be inferred about an apology from the last paragraph
[A]The sooner,the better.
[B]The later,the better.
[C]The more often,the better.
[D]The more genuine,the better.
(　　)8.What is the passage mainly about
[A]How you can make an effective apology.
[B]Why people avoid apologising.
[C]What benefits you can get from an apology.
[D]When you can make a heartfelt apology.
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Trust is the basic foundation of any relationship in both professional and personal capacity.Here are some ways to build trust and be trustworthy.
Be always honest.Honesty is a virtue that must be cultivated (培养) fully if you desire to establish trust with others.Half-truths and white lies are a recipe for disaster.1.　　　
Communicate effectively.Poor communication is one of the main reasons why trust is unable to be sustained (维持) in any environment.The failure to clarify your stand may lead to unpleasant assumptions.2.　　 If you want to avoid any issues,it’s important to communicate openly and freely with other involved parties in the beginning.
3.　　　 Promises are not meant to be broken.Once you make a promise,it’s as binding (必须遵守的) as legal papers.It’s important that you honour your commitments if you’re interested in building trust.
Do not be too quick in making decisions.There is no need to take too much pressure if you’re faced with a dilemma.4.　 If the other part asks you to make a comment immediately and you have reservations about it,you can decline the task and say no in the beginning.
Take the necessary time.5.　　　 It’s an ongoing process that needs time to take root and develop effectively.Steady progress is possible only if it’s a regular activity;therefore,
prepare to take small steps if you are looking for ways to build trust.Focus on the endgame and do not expect results in the beginning.
A.Keep your word.
B.Don’t take everything for granted.
C.Trust cannot be earned in seconds.
D.This can cause disagreements and the breaking of trust.
E.Therefore,avoid them at all costs if you are trying to build trust.
F.You’d better take the time to consider your approach from every angle.
G.Make sure you are paying attention to old and new relationships equally.
Ⅲ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
Animals do have their own languages just as humans do.Scientists who study the evolution of language say wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) have a more complex communication system 1.　　　　 past research has shown.The researchers say the animals use over ten kinds of calls 2.　　　　 can be combined into hundreds of different orders.
The study team made 4,800 recordings of calls produced by members of three groups of chimpanzees 3.　　　　 (live) in Ivory Coast’s National Park.It’s one of the last important
4.　　　　 (area) of old-growth tropical forest in West Africa and home to a variety of plants and animals.Chimpanzees stay the closest to humans.They are 5.　　　　 (intelligence) and sociable.Chimpanzees make and use tools and can 6.　　　 (teach) a small amount of human sign language.
Scientists 7.　　　　(know) that chimpanzees use different calls in 8.　　 　　 wild since a long time ago.But the new study helped people 9.　　　 　 (far) understand the animals’ communication.Cedric was the lead writer of the study.He spoke of the chimpanzee calls,“It is not a language but it is among the most complex forms of communication 10.　　　　(describe) in a non-human world.” It can be seen that the secrets of nature are still waiting for human beings to explore. UNIT 10　课时作业(一)
(分值:85分)
[基础进阶·情境运用]
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共8题;每题1分,共8分)
1.There are several private 　　　　 (诊所) in my town.
2.There are different 　　　　(学说,理论) about how the brain works.
3.The waiter had our leftover food made up into two 　　　　 (包裹) to take home.
4.Part of his account 　　　　 (冲突) with what he told me yesterday.
5.She wore a heavy gold 　　　　(链子) around her neck.
6.The heat 　　　　(释放) from the machines made the workshop hot.
7.Everyone in the community always 　　　　 (羡慕) the couple’s happiness.
8.The students can choose to dine at different 　　　　 (食堂,餐厅) in my school.
【答案】 1.clinics　2.theories　3.parcels　4.conflicted
5.chain　6.released　7.envies　8.canteens
Ⅱ.词形转换(共8题;每题1.5分,共12分)
1.Most patients make a recovery without further 　　　　 (intervene).
2.I want to make a good first 　　　　 (impress) on my first day of senior high school.
3.The following programme contains scenes that may be 　　　　 (disturb) to some viewers.
4.Her words were a great 　　　　 (encourage) to them.
5.Bob resigned from the club following a 　　　　 (disagree) with the head coach.
6.I 　　　　 (apology) to you for missing our appointment yesterday.
7.　　　　 (addition),the bus service will run on Sundays,every two hours.
8.In her study,the participants were 　　　　 (random) divided into two groups.
【答案】 1.intervention　2.impression　3.disturbing　4.encouragement　5.disagreement
6.apologised　7.Additionally　8.randomly
Ⅲ.单句情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.他决定依靠自己,而不是向朋友寻求帮助。(rather than)
2.作家在写书时经常查阅词典。(refer to)
3.这家公司由许多小分公司组成,它们在市场上很有竞争力。(consist of)
4.当问到他为什么迟到时,他没有说话。(状语从句的省略)
5.我昨天是在火车站遇见吉姆的。(强调句型)
【答案】 1.He decided to rely on himself rather than (to) seek help from his friends.
2.Writers often refer to a dictionary while working on a book.
3.The corporation consists of many small branches,which are very competitive on the market.
4.When asked why he was late,he kept silent.
5.It was at the railway station that I met Jim yesterday.
Ⅳ.语法练习——短文语法填空(共5题;每题1.5分,共7.5分)
At yesterday’s class meeting,Zhang Qun 1.　　　　 (praise) by the teacher because he had helped a sick classmate.The fact was that when he entered the classroom yesterday morning,he found Li Ning,who had been there earlier than him,suddenly had a high fever and 2.　　　　(trouble) by it.Zhang Qun immediately called 120 and Li Ning 3.　　　　(send) to hospital in time.The teacher said such things had already 4.　　　　(do) by Zhang Qun and asked us to learn from him.However,Zhang Qun said it was his duty to help the classmates and such things 5.　　　　 (continue) to be done afterwards.
【答案】 1.was praised　2.was being troubled　3.was sent　4.been done　5.would continue
[话题延伸·素养升华]
Ⅰ.阅读(共8题;每题2.5分,共20分)
A
Too many people want others to be their friends,but they don’t give friendship back.That is why some friendships don’t last very long.To have a friend,you must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend to treat you.Learning to be a good friend means learning three rules: be honest; be generous (宽宏大量的);be understanding.
Honesty is where a good friendship starts.Friends must be able to trust one another.If you do not tell the truth,people will usually find out.If a friend finds out that you haven’t been honest,you may lose your friend’s trust.Good friends always rely on one another to speak and act honestly.
Generosity means sharing and sharing makes a friendship grow.You do not have to give your lunch money or your clothes.Naturally you will want to share your ideas and feelings.
These can be very valuable to a friend.They tell your friend what is important to you.By sharing them,you help your friend know better.
Sooner or later everyone needs understanding and help with a problem.Something may go wrong at school.Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve.Turning to a friend can be a first step in solving the problem.So to be a friend you must listen and understand.You must try to put yourself in your friend’s place so that you can understand the problem better.
No two friendships are exactly alike.But true friendships have three things in common.If you plan to keep your friends,you must practise honesty,generosity and understanding.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了交到好朋友的三个关键因素:诚实,宽宏大量,善解人意。
(　　)1.Why do some friendships not last long
[A]Because there are too many people who want to make friends.
[B]Because those who give others friendship receive friendship from others.
[C]Because some people receive friendship but don’t give friendship back.
[D]Because some people don’t know friendship is something serious.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知,太多的人希望别人成为他们的朋友,但他们拥有了友谊却不给予回报,所以有些友谊不会长久。故选C。
(　　)2.What do we know about honesty according to the passage
[A]It is something countable.
[B]It is the base of friendship.
[C]It is as important as money.
[D]It is more important than anything else.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,诚实是一段美好友谊的开始,即诚实是友谊的基础。故选B。
(　　)3.What does the underlined word “They” refer to in the third paragraph
[A]Generosity and friendship.
[B]Generosity and sharing.
[C]Your ideas and feelings.
[D]Your clothes.
【答案】 C
【解析】 代词指代题。根据第三段中的“Naturally you will want to...valuable to a friend.”可知,分享你的想法和感受对朋友来说是非常有价值的。由此可以判断出,画线词“They”指的是“你的想法和感受”。故选C。
(　　)4.What’s the best title of this passage
[A]How to Be a Friend
[B]Honesty Is the Best Policy
[C]A Friend in Need Is a Friend Indeed
[D]Three Important Points in Life
【答案】 A
【解析】 标题归纳题。根据第一段尤其是最后一句可知,交朋友意味着要学会三条规则:诚实,宽宏大量,善解人意。本文都是围绕着如何交朋友展开,A项符合题意。故选A。
B
Many people avoid apologising because admitting to wrongdoing makes them uncomfortable.“We like to view ourselves as good people as kind and considerate,”says Ryan Fehr,a professor at the University of Washington.“Apologies force us to admit to ourselves that we don’t always live up to our own standards.We might also fear that others won’t accept our apology,further damaging our positive sense of self.For these reasons,an apology can be very difficult to give.”
For many,apologising is stressful,awkward and uncomfortable.But a heartfelt apology has positive effects.It can improve your mental health,repair damaged relationships and promote self-esteem. “Apologies act as a signal of one’s moral character,” Fehr says.
Researchers at Ohio State University have determined that effective apologies have five elements:expressing regret,explaining what went wrong,acknowledging responsibility,offering to repair the situation and requesting forgiveness.All five aren’t necessary every time.“The more of those elements are included,the more likely the apology is seen as convincing,”says Roy Lewicki,the lead study author.“Acknowledgement of responsibility turns out to be the most important piece,followed by an explanation of why it happened and declaration of regret.”
“Sometimes,an immediate apology is called for,” says Antony Manstead,a psychology professor at Cardiff University.“But if one is angry at your wrongdoing,it may be more effective to wait,because his or her anger may stop him or her accepting an apology.Some research suggests that a delay increases an apology’s effectiveness because it conveys that the wrongdoer has had time to reflect on his or her misdeeds,” says Mara Olekalns,a professor of management at Melbourne Business School.“The best time to apologise is when one feels ready to sincerely apologise,” says Etienne Mullet,research director of the Ethics and Work Laboratory at the Institute of Advanced Studies.“There is nothing worse in these situations than insincere apologies.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要说明了道歉是一个人道德品质的标志并阐述了应如何做有效的道歉。
(　　)5.Why do many people feel uncomfortable to apologise
[A]Because they are kind and considerate people.
[B]Because they are afraid of losing face.
[C]Because they believe themselves right.
[D]Because they have high moral standards.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句可知,对许多人来说,道歉是一种有压力的、令人尴尬的、不舒服的行为。故选B。
(　　)6.What is the most important when it comes to making an effective apology
[A]To express regret.
[B]To express what went wrong.
[C]To accept responsibility.
[D]To request forgiveness.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句可知,有效的道歉中最重要的便是承担责任。故选C。
(　　)7.What can be inferred about an apology from the last paragraph
[A]The sooner,the better.
[B]The later,the better.
[C]The more often,the better.
[D]The more genuine,the better.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句可知,没有什么比不真诚的道歉更糟糕的了;也就是说道歉时,态度越诚恳越好。故选D。
(　　)8.What is the passage mainly about
[A]How you can make an effective apology.
[B]Why people avoid apologising.
[C]What benefits you can get from an apology.
[D]When you can make a heartfelt apology.
【答案】 A
【解析】 主旨大意题。文章第一段指出许多人拒绝道歉;第二段讲述了真诚的道歉有积极的影响;第三、第四段就做有效的道歉进行了说明。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Trust is the basic foundation of any relationship in both professional and personal capacity.Here are some ways to build trust and be trustworthy.
Be always honest.Honesty is a virtue that must be cultivated (培养) fully if you desire to establish trust with others.Half-truths and white lies are a recipe for disaster.1.　　　
Communicate effectively.Poor communication is one of the main reasons why trust is unable to be sustained (维持) in any environment.The failure to clarify your stand may lead to unpleasant assumptions.2.　　 If you want to avoid any issues,it’s important to communicate openly and freely with other involved parties in the beginning.
3.　　　 Promises are not meant to be broken.Once you make a promise,it’s as binding (必须遵守的) as legal papers.It’s important that you honour your commitments if you’re interested in building trust.
Do not be too quick in making decisions.There is no need to take too much pressure if you’re faced with a dilemma.4.　 If the other part asks you to make a comment immediately and you have reservations about it,you can decline the task and say no in the beginning.
Take the necessary time.5.　　　 It’s an ongoing process that needs time to take root and develop effectively.Steady progress is possible only if it’s a regular activity;therefore,
prepare to take small steps if you are looking for ways to build trust.Focus on the endgame and do not expect results in the beginning.
A.Keep your word.
B.Don’t take everything for granted.
C.Trust cannot be earned in seconds.
D.This can cause disagreements and the breaking of trust.
E.Therefore,avoid them at all costs if you are trying to build trust.
F.You’d better take the time to consider your approach from every angle.
G.Make sure you are paying attention to old and new relationships equally.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了建立信任的方法。
1.【答案】 E
【解析】 根据上文“Half-truths and white lies are a recipe for disaster.”可知,说谎是无法建立信任的,E项意义与上文一致,其中“them”指代上文中的“Half-truths and white lies”。故
选E。
2.【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文“The failure to clarify your stand may lead to unpleasant assumptions.”可知,想要建立信任,必须阐明立场,否则就会导致不愉快的假设。D项进一步说明因不阐明立场而出现的假设会进一步导致分歧和不信任,与上文意义一致,符合语境。故选D。
3.【答案】 A
【解析】 空处是本段的主题句。根据后文“Promises are not meant to be broken.”可知,本段的主题是我们要遵守诺言。A项符合语境。故选A。
4.【答案】 F
【解析】 根据本段主题句“Do not be too quick in making decisions.”可知,本段强调做决定要慎重。根据下文“If the other part asks you to make a comment immediately and you have reservations about it,you can decline the task and say no in the beginning.”可知,我们可以不用立即做出决定,而是谨慎思考,甚至拒绝。F项符合语境。故选F。
5.【答案】 C
【解析】 根据本段主题句“Take the necessary time.”可知,建立信任需要花费时间。根据下文“It’s an ongoing process that needs time to take root and develop effectively.”可知,建立信任感是一个持续的过程。C 项说明信任感的建立需要花时间,与该段主题相符,与后文意义一致;且下文“It”指代的就是C项中的“Trust”。故选C。
Ⅲ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
Animals do have their own languages just as humans do.Scientists who study the evolution of language say wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) have a more complex communication system 1.　　　　 past research has shown.The researchers say the animals use over ten kinds of calls 2.　　　　 can be combined into hundreds of different orders.
The study team made 4,800 recordings of calls produced by members of three groups of chimpanzees 3.　　　　 (live) in Ivory Coast’s National Park.It’s one of the last important
4.　　　　 (area) of old-growth tropical forest in West Africa and home to a variety of plants and animals.Chimpanzees stay the closest to humans.They are 5.　　　　 (intelligence) and sociable.Chimpanzees make and use tools and can 6.　　　 (teach) a small amount of human sign language.
Scientists 7.　　　　(know) that chimpanzees use different calls in 8.　　 　　 wild since a long time ago.But the new study helped people 9.　　　 　 (far) understand the animals’ communication.Cedric was the lead writer of the study.He spoke of the chimpanzee calls,“It is not a language but it is among the most complex forms of communication 10.　　　　(describe) in a non-human world.” It can be seen that the secrets of nature are still waiting for human beings to explore.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要说明了动物确实像人类一样有自己的语言。研究语言进化的科学家说,野生黑猩猩的交流系统比过去的研究显示的要复杂得多。
1.【答案】 than　
【解析】 考查介词。根据上文中的“more”可知,此处应该是比较级句式。故填than。
2.【答案】 that/which　
【解析】 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处为定语从句修饰先行词calls,从句缺少主语,应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
3.【答案】 living　
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,live为非谓语,且和其逻辑主语chimpanzees之间是主动关系,故此处应该用现在分词作定语。故填living。
4.【答案】 areas　
【解析】 考查名词复数。area为可数名词,且“one of the+名词复数”意为“……中之一”。故填areas。
5.【答案】 intelligent　
【解析】 考查形容词。根据下文中的“sociable”可知,此处应该用形容词作表语。故填intelligent。
6.【答案】 be taught　
【解析】 考查动词的语态。该句主语和 teach 之间是动宾关系,故应该用被动语态,且can后面跟动词原形。故填be taught。
7.【答案】 have known　
【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据下文中的时间状语 since a long time ago可知,此处应该用现在完成时。主语为复数,谓语也应为复数。故填have known。
8.【答案】 the　
【解析】 考查冠词。in the wild意为“在野外”。故填the。
9.【答案】 further　
【解析】 考查副词。分析句子结构可知,此处应该用副词further修饰动词,意为“进一步”。故填further。
10.【答案】 described　
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,describe为非谓语,且和其逻辑主语communication之间是被动关系,故此处应该用过去分词作定语。故填described。UNIT 10　课时作业(三)
(分值:72.5分)
[基础进阶·情境运用]
Ⅰ.语境填词(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.With a　　　　(sorrow) sigh she folded the letter and put it away.
2.He was annoyed at having his sleep 　　　　(interrupt).
3.It was an 　　　　(legal) act and would lead to your arrest.
4.Press these two keys to switch between 　　　　(document) on screen.
5.The vote yesterday appears to mark something of a　　　　(turn) point in the war.
6.Angela reasoned with Simon,trying to persuade him 　　　　(change) his mind,but Simon would not listen to her.
7.Well equipped,they set out 　　　　(break) the record for cross-channel swimming.
8.There are two desks in my study,the smaller of which 　　　　(belong) to my daughter.
9.Studies show that 　　　　 (forgive) reduces anger,nervousness and stress.
10.When climbing Mount Tai,I kept telling myself I was following in the footsteps of 72 　　　　(emperor) and Confucius.
【答案】 1.sorrowful　2.interrupted　3.illegal 4.documents　5.turning　6.to change
7.to break　8.belongs　9.forgiveness　10.emperors
Ⅱ.单句情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.很明显,我们需要更多的实践。(it is +adj.+that...)
2.他帮助人并不期待任何回报。(in return for)
3.不管开心还是难过,她总是试着保持微笑。(whether... or...)
4.他不但读了这本书,而且记得所读的内容。(not only...but also...)
5.引起观众们兴趣的是这个年轻人如何学会了五种外语。(强调句型)
【答案】 1.It is obvious that we need more practice.
2.He didn’t expect anything in return for his help.
3.Whether happy or sad,she always tries to keep smiling.
4.He not only read the book,but also remembered what he had read.
5.It was how the young man had learnt five foreign languages that aroused the audience’s interest.
[话题延伸·素养升华]
Ⅰ.阅读(共8题;每题2.5分,共20分)
A
While you are studying or working abroad,sharing an apartment with people from other cultures is a great way of getting the most out of a period from the beginning.This is a situation to which it will take some time to adapt.Here are some tips to make the process go smoother.
Start by being aware of your own culture,values and attitudes.Understand that people who have not grown up in the same country or context as you can sometimes translate some of your behaviour in the wrong way.To avoid this,seek advice from your friends and family to find out more about what type of person you are and what you might come across when it comes to people who don’t know you.You might also consider conducting a little research about what type of stereotypes (成见) other cultures might hold about the people of your own country.
Be understanding and patient.Now that you know that people are all different,be understanding when you get to know them.Try to be open-minded so that you can start off on the right foot.This will promote communication with them.To get to know each other better,plan to spend some time doing what each of you likes to do in your spare time.You can cook meals together,go out to the town,listen to music,take a weekend trip and play some board games.Moreover,the other person might be from a place where people do not usually do these activities.The opportunities to learn from each other are endless,but sometimes it can take some initiative (主动性) to actually make it happen.
People are more similar than you think most of the time.We grow up in such a large world with so much information everywhere and sometimes we can be misled into thinking something that we should not believe,but we have the opportunity to make up our own minds.So be kind.You don’t know where people come from and what their stories are.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要就出国学习或工作时如何与来自不同文化背景的室友相处提出了几点建议。
(　　)1.Why does the author suggest being aware of your own culture
[A]To learn to behave well.
[B]To build the sense of independence.
[C]To prevent yourself being misunderstood.
[D]To gain an insight into other cultures.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知,别人可能会误解你。再结合第三句可知,为了避免这种情况的发生,作者建议要从了解自己的文化开始。故选C。
(　　)2.What can you do for a better understanding of each other
[A]Mind your own business in spare time.
[B]Suggest some activities to do together.
[C]Involve your roommate in what you like.
[D]Team up with your roommate in video games.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“To get to know each other...to do in your spare time.”可知,可以计划在空闲时间做一些彼此都喜欢的事来增进了解。故选B。
(　　)3.What does the author intend to express in the last paragraph
[A]The world is so large and people are different.
[B]Being friendly is good for cross-cultural communication.
[C]People from different cultures should learn from each other.
[D]Go to the Internet to get more information about different cultures.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知,对他人友好有益于跨文化沟通。故选B。
(　　)4.What can be the best title for the text
[A]How to Study or Work Abroad
[B]How to Learn Cultures of Your Roommates
[C]How to Have a Good Time with Foreigners
[D]How to Live with People from Different Cultures
【答案】 D
【解析】 标题归纳题。第一段第一句点明了文章主旨,下文则具体介绍了如何与拥有不同文化背景的室友相处,所以D项最适合作为本文标题。故选D。
B
Oliver,the CTO of a high-tech company,loved to participate in all conversations at the C-suite level,regardless of topic.He was often the first to raise his hand for a project,appeared to have infinite capacity to get high-quality work done,and offered to assist his peers and direct reports.Oliver seemed to be all-in; optimistic,energetic,supportive,and someone who contributed to everyone.
However,the more Oliver participated,the more others around him were slighted.Instead of sparking creativity in others,his ideas outshone everyone else’s.He consumed time speaking in meetings,exhausting the oxygen level in the room.Oliver felt pumped up by how many of his ideas had been deployed but frustrated by others’ lack of sufficient effort.
While the CEO appreciated Oliver’s yield,she recognised he had to change his approach to keep the rest of the team productive.In response,Oliver worked out a plan to help address his cooperation challenges using techniques many other executives had deployed.
When we over-participate,we believe that we’re being helpful.However,“helpfulness” is defined by the recipient,not the giver.Instead of improving his relationships with colleagues,
Oliver robbed them of fulfillment by furnishing masses of ideas.They felt discouraged,
interrupted,and excluded.To fix the issue,Oliver learnt the value of asking two specific questions before offering his own ideas:“What have you thought of ” and “What would be most helpful for you at this point ” Surveying others to understand what’s helpful illuminates better avenues for our contribution:directly through our ideas,through coaching colleagues to create their own,or by building on what someone else has generated.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了Oliver对工作很热情,但是他的过度参与反而降低了团队的工作效率,他参与得越多,他周围的人就越受冷落。于是Oliver通过倾听他人的声音来指导同事创造他们自己的想法,从而提高团队工作效率。
(　　)5.What can we learn about Oliver
[A]He lacks creativity.
[B]He favours competition.
[C]He works enthusiastically.
[D]He behaves irresponsibly.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知,Oliver对工作很热情。故选C。
(　　)6.What is a result of Oliver’s over-participation
[A]The team generated more diverse ideas.
[B]Oliver’s colleagues became less productive.
[C]Group meetings were more time-consuming.
[D]Oliver’s teammates were inspired to work harder.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知,Oliver参与得越多,其他同事就越沮丧、不受重视、无法激发创造力,即Oliver过度参与的结果是同事们的工作效率降低了。故
选B。
(　　)7.What technique did Oliver employ to fix the issue
[A]Hearing others’ voices.
[B]Providing specific ideas.
[C]Strengthening his leadership.
[D]Building strong relationships.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“To fix the issue,Oliver learnt the value of asking two specific questions...or by building on what someone else has generated.”可知,Oliver通过问其他同事问题,倾听他人的声音来解决这个问题。故选A。
(　　)8.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
[A]When Leaders Fail to Keep the Team Productive
[B]When Contributing Gets in the Way of Cooperating
[C]How a Great Team Welcomes Ideas in a Discussion
[D]How Active Participation Gives Rise to a Better Team
【答案】 B
【解析】 标题归纳题。根据最后一段并结合文章主要讲述了Oliver对工作很热情,但是他的过度参与(对团队的贡献)反而降低了团队的工作效率,他参与得越多,他周围的人就越受冷落,不利于合作。于是Oliver通过倾听他人的声音来指导同事创造他们自己的想法,从而提高团队工作效率。由此可知,B项“当贡献妨碍合作时”最适合作为文章标题。故
选B。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Have you ever watched a silent television show and tried to predict how the characters were feeling according to their body language The ability to understand people’s body language is a skill that’s almost born inside of us.1.　　　.This skill develops as we grow older,which is called non-verbal communication.
Body language helps us communicate what we’re feeling without saying much at all.
Think about a time when you were very angry.Did you clench (咬紧) your teeth Did your palms get sweaty when you were anxious In most cultures,these cues (线索) that reveal emotional states are quite common.But gestures have specific meanings across different cultures.Take touch for example.2.　　　.In India,however,the ideal way to greet someone is by touching their feet,not by shaking their hands.
In some places,gestures meaning hellos and goodbyes and touches indicating friendship and love are all the same.But the problem arises because some gestures have vastly different meanings in different cultures.For example,the “OK” symbol is used as a superb symbol in India,but in Türkiye,this symbol is considered offensive (冒犯性的).3.　　　.
So,what should we do Should we not use gestures at all Of course not.4.　　　.No matter how much we try to stop ourselves,we will end up communicating non-verbally in some way or another.
5.　　　,you’d better make a quick search on the Internet or turn to a comprehensive book to better interact with the locals,and avoid offending them during your stay!
A.It was a very kind and thoughtful gesture
B.So,the next time you decide to travel to another country
C.When you flash the “OK” sign there,you’re asking for a fight
D.They also use a system of sounds and body language to communicate
E.Even the smallest children can figure out when their mothers are mad
F.Gestures are something that comes with the language of communication
G.A general way of saying “Hello” in western culture is a brief handshake
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是肢体语言及不同地区肢体语言的
差异。
1.【答案】 E
【解析】 根据上文“The ability to understand people’s body language is a skill that’s almost born inside of us.”可知,上文告诉我们理解他人肢体语言的能力几乎是我们天生的技能,E项(即使最小的孩子也能通过肢体语言知道妈妈什么时候生气了)能够承接上文,举例说明理解他人肢体语言的能力几乎是我们天生的技能。故选E。
2.【答案】 G
【解析】 根据下文“In India,however,the ideal way to greet someone is by touching their feet,not by shaking their hands.”可知,下文告诉我们在印度,问候某人的理想方式是触摸他们的脚,G项能够引起下文,分别介绍了西方和印度问候某人的方式,西方是简短的握手,印度是触摸他们的脚。故选G。
3.【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文“For example,the ‘OK’ symbol is used as a superb symbol in India,but in Türkiye,this symbol is considered offensive (冒犯性的).”可知,上文告诉我们在土耳其,“OK”符号被认为是冒犯性的,C项(你在那里做“OK”手势时,你是在要求打架)能够承接上文。故选C。
4.【答案】 F
【解析】 根据上文“So,what should we do Should we not use gestures at all Of course not.”可知,上文提出问题,既然各地的手势语不同,我们应该完全不使用手势吗 F项(我们应该使用手势语,因为手势是伴随着交流语言而来的东西)能够承接上文。故选F。
5.【答案】 B
【解析】 根据下文“you’d better make a quick search on the Internet or...and avoid offending them during your stay! ”可知,下文告诉我们可以通过在网上快速搜索,或者求助于一本综合性的书来了解当地人的肢体语言,B项能够引起下文,即下次你决定去另一个国家旅行时,先在网上快速搜索,或者求助于一本综合性的书来了解当地人的肢体语言,以便更好地与当地人互动。故选B。
Ⅲ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
Australia has always been at the top of my travel bucket list,with 1.　　 　(it) sunshine,unique wildlife and laid-back lifestyle.Upon realising that I could incorporate (将……纳入) an academic exchange into my Public Health degree,it suddenly hit me
2.　　　　 this would be my golden ticket to the land.
While studying there,I lived in a nearby apartment.3.　　(surround) by mostly Australian students and attending the 4.　　 　　(culture) activities organised in the local community really allowed me to get the most out of my experience abroad.
I soon found that the people around me are friendly.A handful of friends gave me some
5.　　　　(invite) and introduced me to their families.I 6.　 　　　(show) around their hometowns.These experiences made it possible for me to learn what it’s 7.　　　　(true) like to grow up and live in Australia.
One of the major challenges,8.　　 which I was faced while abroad,was understanding Australia’s unique slang.
For those students going on exchange,don’t be afraid 9.　　　　(step) to the unknown.
Go outside of 10.　　　　 comfort zone and take full advantage of your time abroad!
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者在澳大利亚读书期间参加了各种活动,丰富了自己在国外求学的经历。
1.【答案】 its　
【解析】 考查代词。修饰后文名词sunshine应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
2.【答案】 that　
【解析】 考查名词性从句。it是形式主语,代替后面的主语从句,从句“this would be my golden ticket to the land”中不缺少成分,用that引导。故填that。
3.【答案】 Being surrounded　
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式,作主语,且与I构成被动关系,应用being done形式。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Being surrounded。
4.【答案】 cultural　
【解析】 考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词作定语。故填cultural。
5.【答案】 invitations　
【解析】 考查名词。作宾语,表示“邀请”,应用名词invitation,some修饰可数名词复数。故填invitations。
6.【答案】 was shown　
【解析】 考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。主语与谓语构成被动关系,动作发生在过去,用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为I,谓语用单数。故填was shown。
7.【答案】 truly　
【解析】 考查副词。此处应用副词truly作状语。故填truly。
8.【答案】 with　
【解析】 考查介词。短语“be faced with...”表示“面对”。故填with。
9.【答案】 to step　
【解析】 考查动词不定式。be afraid to do sth表示“害怕做某事”。故填to step。
10.【答案】 the　
【解析】 考查冠词。此处特指“舒适区”,应用定冠词the。故填the。UNIT 10　课时作业(二)
(分值:75分)
[基础进阶·情境运用]
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共8题;每题1分,共8分)
1.She 　　　　(敢于) not breathe a word of it to anybody.
2.He survived the accident with no broken 　　　　(骨头).
3.Why do you always 　　　　(叹气) when you say his name
4.Those a　　　　 children live in harmony in their new families.
5.Mary will p　　　　 to study for a master’s degree this academic year.
6.Don’t stand outside 　　　　(哆嗦)—come inside and get warm!
7.Two women with 　　 　　(有泪痕的) faces told us how the fire had destroyed their village.
8.The report r　　　　 that workers had been exposed to high levels of radiation.
【答案】 1.dared　2.bones　3.sigh　4.adopted 5.proceed　6.shivering　7.tear-stained　8.revealed
Ⅱ.词形转换(共8题;每题1.5分,共12分)
1.When I told him the secret,he stood in 　　　　(amaze).
2.　　　　(resolute) she left home to embark on a new life with the man she loved.
3.The government has ordered an 　　　　(investigate) into the accident.
4.The idea of a holiday abroad is surely 　　　　(appeal).
5.A large part of human activity,　　　　(particular) in relation to the environment,is in response to conditions or events.
6.The 　　　　 (adopt) of this policy would relieve the unions of a tremendous burden.
7.But a change,no matter how 　　　(desperate) it was needed,didn’t just happen in response to his cry.
8.Compare fresh vegetables with 　　　　(freeze) vegetables,and you’ll find the fresh ones taste better.
【答案】 1.amazement　2.Resolutely　3.investigation　4.appealing　5.particularly　6.adoption 7.desperately　8.frozen
Ⅲ.单句情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.他挥舞着手走向我们。(现在分词作伴随状语)
2.他第一次上这位年轻老师的课就对他的课感兴趣了。(when引导的时间状语从句)
3.这个男孩低头站在那儿。(with复合结构)
4.现在没必要告诉我你的答案。(There is no need to do sth.)
5.在我们周围是一些说笑的孩子们。(完全倒装)
【答案】 1.He walked to us,waving his hand.
2.He became interested in the young teacher’s lesson when he attended his class for the first time.
3.The boy stood there with his head down.
4.There is no need to tell me your answer now.
5.Around us are some children who are talking and laughing.
Ⅳ.语法练习——完成句子(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.贵宾们受到了高度赞扬。
The distinguished guests 　　　 　　　　　　.
2.那男孩跑得非常快,能够追上那只狗。
The boy ran 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
3.她比她丈夫年轻多了。
She is 　　　　　　　　　　　　 her husband.
4.萨拉回到家,瘦弱不堪,她的父母几乎认不出她。
Sara came home so thin and weak that her parents 　　　　　　　　　　　.
5.气温略有上升,但仍很冷。
The temperature 　　　　　　　　　　　　, but it was still very cold.
【答案】 1.were highly praised　2.fast enough to catch up with the dog　3.much younger than　4.hardly recognised her　5.had risen slightly
[话题延伸·素养升华]
Ⅰ.阅读(共8题;每题2.5分,共20分)
A
Recently we celebrated my grandmother’s 90th birthday. Family members travelled to my hometown to visit her. This was the first time in many years that I had seen so many of them. Though this was an opportunity to see family,many people did not make it. Honestly,
living far from hometown,I had missed many family gatherings. But this one made me realise how much I was really missing.
It seemed strange when I was looking at the faces,realising whom they were and greeting them with open arms. After chatting for a while,we caught up on each other’s news. Several relatives suggested having a family reunion soon if everyone wasn’t so busy. But my grandmother’s generation was much busier,yet still found time to gather. They understood the importance of visiting one another. They knew time is flying and that those you care about most won’t be here forever.
Today,we focus on our careers and raising our kids. Our extended family isn’t the centre it once was. Besides,we keep in touch on social media. But what we really miss are the potato salad,the moments of laughter and sudden bursts of excitement when we hug someone we haven’t seen for over 10 years. Although the next get-together is always a year or so away,
people aren’t goods and everyone has an expiration (到期) date.
I left my grandmother’s party with a much better sense of who I am and where I come from. I spent valuable time with people who contributed to who I am today. I had forgotten how much I love them and I was reminded how much I am loved.
【语篇导读】 本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了作者参加了祖母90岁生日的家庭聚会,深刻地理解了家庭聚会的意义,并鼓励人们重视家庭聚会。
(　　)1.How did the author feel about missing previous family gatherings
[A]Indifferent. [B]Sad.
[C]Regretful. [D]Annoyed.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“Honestly,living far from hometown,I had missed many family gatherings. But this one made me realise how much I was really missing.”可知,作者因离家较远而错过很多家庭聚会,这一次参加家庭聚会令作者感受颇深。由此可推知,作者对自己错过的家庭聚会感到遗憾。故选C。
(　　)2.What do we know about the author’s grandmother’s generation
[A]They were carefree.
[B]They held family dear.
[C]They took time seriously.
[D]They visited family frequently.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But my grandmother’s generation was...those you care about most won’t be here forever.”可知,祖母这一代人经常找机会相聚,她们那一代人更知道家庭聚会的重要性,也明白自己关心的人不会一直在,所以她们那一代人很珍惜家庭聚会。故选B。
(　　)3.What does the author mean by the last sentence in Paragraph 3
[A]Family reunions mean no fun.
[B]All goods don’t have an expiration date.
[C]People are always too busy to get together.
[D]We should see loved ones more before it’s too late.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Although the next get-together is always a year or so away,people aren’t goods and everyone has an expiration (到期) date.”可知,每个人都有到期的时间,并结合第二段中的“They knew time is flying and that those you care about most won’t be here forever.”可知,你所关心的人未必永远都在,所以我们应该珍惜家庭聚会,多看望自己关心的人。故选D。
(　　)4.Why does the author write the text
[A]To convince readers to meet friends.
[B]To share an interesting family reunion.
[C]To stress the value of family gatherings.
[D]To compare different generations’ values.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Honestly,living far from hometown,I had missed many family gatherings. But this one made me realise how much I was really missing.”以及最后一段中的“I left my grandmother’s party with a much better sense of who I am and where I come from.”可知,参加祖母90岁生日的家庭聚会使得作者对家庭聚会的意义有了更深刻的理解,所以作者写这篇文章的目的是强调家庭聚会的重要意义。故选C。
B
We often hear honesty is the best policy,and no one likes to be called a liar.But is dishonesty always wrong
Not necessarily.
According to psychologists,there are two types of lies:Lies that help your relationships and the people around you are called pro-social lies;and lies that hurt them are called antisocial lies.
How often have you clicked “Like” online,not because you actually like what your friends posted,but because you want to show your support This white lie is an example of a pro-social lie.But when people tell lies on social networks to make their own lives seem more exciting,or to make others jealous,this is antisocial lying.
Workplace lies range from harmless lies to destructive untruthful statements.An example of a pro-social workplace lie is complimenting someone on his or her presentation— even though it was only average — because you know he or she was nervous beforehand.In this case,your intention is simply to protect your colleague’s feelings.However,people sometimes tell bigger lies at work for the purpose of avoiding blame or to stay on the boss’s good side.These are antisocial lies.They are antisocial because your boss is likely to discover the truth and as a result,will probably stop trusting you.
Lying is also a significant part of the natural world.So it’s little wonder we resort to it almost reflexively.Human babies sometimes pretend to cry,check to see if anyone is listening,and then start crying again.By the age of five,children learn to say things that are completely untrue,and most nine-year-olds have mastered keeping secrets to protect themselves.
Lying can be incredibly harmful to our relationships and to the people around us.But that’s only true for antisocial lies.Pro-social lies have the opposite effect—they can actually help us.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了谎言的两种类型。一种是有助于你的人际关系和周围人的亲社会谎言,另一种是伤害他人的反社会谎言。
(　　)5. What may help us tell a pro-social lie from an antisocial lie
[A]The purpose it serves.
[B]The way it is told.
[C]The occasion where it is told.
[D]The people it is told to.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第五段的第二、第三句可知,职场上亲社会谎言的一个例子是在某人紧张时称赞他,此举的意图只是保护某人的情感。根据第五段的第四、第五句可知,人们有时会在工作中说更大的谎言,目的是避免受到指责或保持老板对自己的好感。这些都是反社会谎言。由此可推知,辨别出说谎行为的目的可以帮助我们区分亲社会谎言和反社会谎言。故选A。
(　　)6. Why does the author mention bigger lies at work
[A]Because they tend to avoid blame or to stay on the boss’s good side.
[B]Because they prove that workplace lies can be destructive.
[C]Because they show the intention of protecting others.
[D]Because they help with hiding the truth.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第五段的第一句可知,职场谎言涉及从无害的谎言到破坏性的不实陈述。由第五段的最后三句可知,作者提及工作中更大的谎言是为了证明职场谎言可能具有破坏性。故选B。
(　　)7.Which statement is supported by the passage
[A]We usually tell pro-social lies to protect our own feelings.
[B]Lying always hurts both the liar and the person being lied to.
[C]Lying on social media is pro-social,but face-to-face lying isn’t.
[D]Sometimes,making people feel good benefits more than telling the absolute truth.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,亲社会谎言实际上有助于我们的人际关系,保护周围人的情感不受伤害。由此可推知,作者会同意“有时候,让人们感觉良好比说出真相更有好处”。故选D。
(　　)8.What’s the text intended to do
[A] To warn that lies could harm us.
[B]To make it clear that lying is a second nature.
[C]To persuade that there are some lies that we need to tell.
[D]To remind that honesty is the best policy.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一、第二段内容可知,我们经常听说诚实是上策,没有人喜欢被称为骗子。但不诚实总是错的吗 不一定。结合最后一段内容可知,作者认为有时候有必要说谎,亲社会谎言实际上有助于我们的人际关系,保护周围人的情感不受伤害。由此可推知,文章的目的在于说服我们相信有些谎言是我们需要说的。故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
As I walked to the market this morning,I saw an old man in shabby clothes sitting in front of a shop.I thought he was a beggar and made a 　1　 that on my way back,I should give him whatever 　2　 I had.
A few feet away was a young man　3　 down on the sidewalk,obviously in a drunken state and nobody took any notice.I thought it was some good-for-nothing drunk who had 　4　 all his money on alcohol.Soon I finished all my shopping,and walked back along the same road.　5　 I reached the point where I saw the beggar,I took out all the 　6　 change I had.When I got close to him and asked him to take it,he 　7　 looked into my eyes,but still looked ahead and shook his head,saying he did not need it.I insisted and 　8　 it into his hand.
As I stood there,proud of my great 　9　 of charity,the old man slowly walked up to the young man and 　10　 him awake.I stood there watching with 　11　 as he walked to the tea shop and asked for something for which he paid with the money I gave,and 　12　 a bun and a cup of hot tea.He then went back to the young man,helped him to sit,and helped him to eat and drink.
The old man noticed that I was still standing there so he 　13　 and said that the young boy had not eaten for two days and that was why he fell down on the sidewalk.Suddenly I felt so 　14　 and admired the 　15　 of a man who has so little compared to me.He was truly generous.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。作者去集市时,遇到了一个衣衫褴褛的老人,于是就把剩下的零钱给了这位老人,然而老人却用这些钱买了面包和热茶去帮助一个躺在地上的年轻人。作者非常敬佩这位老人。
(　　)1.[A]difference [B]choice
[C]request [D]decision
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据空后的“that on my way back,I should give him whatever 　2　 I had”可知,这里表示作者决定回来后把零钱给这个老人。make a decision意为“做出决定”。故选D。
(　　)2. [A]help [B]advice
[C]change [D]strength
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文中的“I took out all the 　6　 change I had”可知,这里是change的原词复现,指把零钱给这个老人。故选C。
(　　)3.[A]lying [B]sitting
[C]walking [D]pacing
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文中的“He then went back to the young man,helped him to sit”可知,这个年轻人躺在(lying)人行道上。故选A。
(　　)4. [A]used [B]wasted
[C]donated [D]saved
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据句中的“some good-for -nothing drunk”可知,作者认为这个年轻人是一个把所有钱都浪费(wasted)在买酒上的醉汉。故选B。
(　　)5.[A]Before [B]Because
[C]If [D]Although
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据空后的“I reached the point where I saw the beggar”和“I took out all the
　6　 change I had”可知,两个动作之间是先后关系,所以应用Before引导时间状语从句。故选A。
(　　)6. [A]major [B]great
[C]left [D]plain
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文中的“I should give him whatever 　2　 I had”可知,购物后作者把自己剩下的(left)所有零钱都拿了出来。故选C。
(　　)7.[A]angrily [B]directly
[C]calmly [D]hardly
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据句中的“but still looked ahead”可知,老人几乎不(hardly)看作者的眼睛,而是看向前方。故选D。
(　　)8.[A]pushed [B]brought
[C]checked [D]kept
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据空后的“it into his hand”并结合常识可知,老人不接受零钱,而作者坚持要给他,所以作者就硬把钱塞到了(pushed)老人手中。故选A。
(　　)9.[A]goal [B]issue
[C]job [D]act
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据空后的“of charity”并结合上文作者的行为可知,这里指的是作者的慈善行为(act)。故选D。
(　　)10.[A]shook [B]touched
[C]kicked [D]frightened
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据空后的“him awake”可知,老人把这个年轻人摇(shook)醒了。故选A。
(　　)11.[A]delight [B]anxiety
[C]annoyance [D]amazement
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据空后内容并结合常识可知,老人收到钱后并没有将其用在自己身上,而是帮助了年轻人,这让作者感到很惊讶(amazement)。故选D。
(　　)12.[A]exchanged [B]supplied
[C]collected [D]demanded
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据and前的“asked for something for which he paid with the money I gave”可知,老人要了一些东西,并用作者给的钱付了款,这里是说付钱后取到了(collected)自己要的东西。故选C。
(　　)13.[A]sat up [B]looked up
[C]woke up [D]showed up
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文中的“He then went back to the young man,helped him to sit”并结合常识可知,老人扶年轻人坐起来的时候应该自己也身体下蹲,所以对作者说话时应该抬头看向(looked up)作者。故选B。
(　　)14.[A]great [B]small
[C]proud [D]confused
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文中的“I thought it was...on alcohol.”以及空后的“admired the 　15　 of a man who has so little compared to me”可知,老人虽然拥有很少,但却很慷慨地帮助他人,这让作者感到自己很渺小(small)。故选B。
(　　)15.[A]responsibility [B]wisdom
[C]generosity [D]positivity
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文中的“He was truly generous.”可知,老人非常慷慨(generosity),因此作者很钦佩这位老人。故选C。

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