资源简介

(共117张PPT)
UNIT 10　CONNECTIONS
[头脑风暴·思维发散]
Effective communication is one of the most important life skills we can learn—yet one we don’t usually put a lot of effort into.Whether you want to have better conversations in your social life or get your ideas across better at work,here are four essential tips for learning to communicate more effectively.
Can you add more tips on how people communicate effectively with each other
　
Part 1
Topic Talk,Lesson 1,Lesson 2
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1.clinic　　 n.
2.gallery n.
3.grocery n.
4.stadium n.
5.bakery n.
6.cafeteria n.
7.canteen n.
阅读单词
诊所,(医院)门诊部
美术馆,画廊
超级市场;食品杂货
体育场,运动场
面包烘房,糕饼店
(工厂、学校等的)自助餐厅,食堂
(工厂、学校等的)食堂,餐厅
8.suburb n.
9.friction n.
10.chain n.
11.network n.
12.random adj.
13.bimonthly adj.
14.closely-knit adj.
15.household n.
郊区,近郊,城郊
不和,冲突,摩擦
一连串,一系列;链子,链条
人际关系网,联络网;网络,网状系统
随机的,随意的
两月一次的;一月两次的
紧密联结在一起的
一家人,同住一栋房子的人
1. n.抵触,冲突,矛盾
2. n.学说,理论
3. n.包裹;邮包
4. vt.& n.发表,发布;释放
5. n.成语,习语;警句
6. n.纽带,联系
核心单词
conflict
theory
parcel
release
phrase
bond
运用单词
1.intervention n.干涉,干预→ vi.干涉,干预
2.disagreement n.意见不合,分歧,争论→ n.同意,赞成;协议→
vi.不同意,不一致→ vt.& vi.同意,赞成
3.envy n.羡慕,忌妒 vt.羡慕,妒忌→ adj.羡慕的,忌妒的
4.encouragement n.鼓励,鼓舞;起激励作用的事物→ vt.鼓励→
adj.鼓舞人心的→ n.勇气,胆量
5.disturb vt.干扰,打扰,使中断→ adj.烦恼的→ adj.令人不安的,引起烦恼的
intervene
agreement
disagree
agree
envious
encourage
encouraging
courage
disturbed
disturbing
6.apologise vi.道歉,谢罪→ n.道歉,谢罪
7.impression n.印象,感想→ vt.& vi.使铭记;给……留下深刻印象→
adj.给人印象深刻的;令人赞叹的
8.additionally adv.除此之外,此外→ n.添加;加法→ adj.附加的,额外的
9.frequently adv.经常地,频繁地→ adj.经常的,频繁的→
n.频率;频繁
10.consequence n.后果→ adj.随之发生的,作为结果的→
adv.因此;所以
apology
impress
impressive
addition
additional
frequent
frequency
consequent
consequently
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1. 　　　　　 闲待,厮混
2. 保留各自意见,求同存异,和而不同
3. 解决(问题)
4. 一系列,一连串(人或事)
5. 指的是;谈到;参考
6. 尝试做某事
7. 在过去的几十年里
hang out
agree to disagree
sort out
a chain of
refer to
make an attempt to do sth
in the last few decades
8. 以……为基础
9. 将某物递送/传送/交付给……
10. 参与
11. 保护……免受
12. 继续保持(维持)某事物
13. 由……组成(或构成)
14. 而不是
be based on
deliver sth to
participate in
protect...from
keep up sth
consist of
rather than
重点句型
1.令人惊讶的是,这些包裹只需通过5至7个人就能送到正确的人手中……
Amazingly, between five and seven people the parcels
...
2.正是这项研究启发了“六度分隔”这一说法。
this research inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”.
3.在过去的几十年里,这一理论和说法又再次出现。
,the theory and the phrase again.
it only took
to get
delivered
It was
that
In the last few decades
have appeared
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
■
■
1.主题语境:人与社会——人与人之间的联系有多紧密
2.语篇类型:说明文
3.课文内容分析:本文通过介绍“六度分隔”理论,说明了人与人之间的联系比我们想象中更加紧密。阅读本文,有利于培养学生正确认识社会、建立良好的人际关系的能力和素养。
多维解读·深度剖析
■
■
concept
small-world
entertainment industry
experiment
connected
精研细读·深层理解
■
■
1.Who invented the theory of “Six Degrees of Separation”
Frigyes Karinthy.
2.What was the purpose of Stanley Milgram’s experiment
To test the theory of “Six Degrees of Separation”.
3.How did the author show the theory’s influence on the entertainment industry in Para.4
By giving examples.
4.What was the result of the University of Milan’s research
The theory was correct.
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
◆used to do something过去常常做某事(现在不做了)
1.We’re very close in age so we used to play with each other when we were children.
我们的年龄非常接近。因此,我们小的时候经常一块玩。
归 纳 拓 展
get/be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
be used to do sth.被用来做某事
She said:“I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.”
(2022新高考全国Ⅰ,阅读C)
她说:“我小时候常养母鸡,每天早上上学前都要准备好它们的早餐。”
When you are abroad,you will find it’s difficult to get used to other country’s customs.
当你在国外时,你会发现很难适应其他国家的习俗。
get/be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
When he got older,John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
(2023新高考全国Ⅰ,阅读B)
长大后,约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们造成的混乱。
get/be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
单句语法填空
①Life here is much easier than it used 　 　(be) because the neighbourhood has been updated.
②I didn’t think I could ever get used to 　　　　(live) in a big city after living in the country.
③The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor 　　　　(find) how best to help the patients.
语境运用
to be
living
to find
◆impression n.印象,感想
2.The Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy published a book called Everything Is Different in 1929,in which he introduced the idea of friendship networks and his ideas influenced many of our early impressions of social networks.
匈牙利作家弗里吉斯·考林蒂在1929年出版了《一切皆不同》一书,书中介绍了朋友关系网的概念,许多早期关于社交网络的构想都受到他思想的影响。
归 纳 拓 展
(1)have/make/leave a(n)...impression on/upon sb.给某人留下……的印象
(2)impress vt.使铭记;给……留下深刻印象
impress sth.on sb./one’s mind使某人牢记某事
(3)impressive adj.给人印象深刻的;令人赞叹的
(应用文写作之申请信)As a friendly and helpful teenager,I am confident to leave a good impression on others.
作为一个友好和乐于助人的青少年,我有信心给别人留下好印象。
(读后续写之主旨升华)A thousand words will not leave so deep an impression as one deed.
千言万语不如一个行动。
have/make/leave a(n)...impression on/upon sb.给某人留下……的印象
I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned.(2024全国甲,阅读理解C)
我对医生和他们的助手印象深刻,他们在这么小的空间里工作和生活,但仍然保持专注和满情关切之情。
sb.be impressed by/with sth.某事物给某人留下深刻印象
单句语法填空
①What she said left a lasting impression 　　　 　 me.
②So 　　　 　 is the scenery of Jiuzhai Valley that it has left a lasting
　　　 　 on visitors from home and abroad.Likewise,I am deeply
　　　 　 by its beauty.(impress)
on/upon
语境运用
impressive
impression
impressed
一句多译
③(应用文写作之欢迎辞)我们相信这次为期三天的参观会给您留下深刻的
印象。
→We believe that this three-day visit will 　　　　　　　　　.(impress)
→We are sure that this three-day visit will
　　　 you.(impression)
impress you deeply
leave/make a deep impression on/
upon
◆random adj.随机的,随意的
3.He chose a random sample of people in the middle of America and asked them to send packages to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts.
他在美国中部随机抽取一部分人作为样本,让他们给马萨诸塞州的一个陌生人寄包裹。
归 纳 拓 展
(1)at random任意地,随机地,随意地,胡乱地
(2)randomly adv.随机地,随意地
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange,
but they are important in various countries.(2022全国甲,七选五)
这些文化用餐礼仪规则有些可能看起来随意且奇怪,但它们在许多国家都很重要。
I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random.
我坐在地板上,随手从书架上拿下几本书。
The winning numbers are randomly selected by the computer.
中奖号码是由电脑随机选取的。
at random任意地,随机地,随意地,胡乱地
randomly adv.随机地,随意地
单句语法填空
①It is better to read a few books carefully than to read many 　　 random.
②The books were 　　 　　(random) arranged on the shelves.
完成句子
③那个人任意抽出中奖号码,然后宣布中奖者的名字。
The man drew the winning numbers 　　　　　　　　 and announced the name of the winner.
语境运用
at
randomly
at random
◆be/become known as...作为……而著名;被称为……
4.This became known as the “Columbia Small-world Project”.
这被称为“哥伦比亚小世界项目”。
归 纳 拓 展
be known for因为……而著名
be known to为……所知
On March 7,1907,the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ,阅读D)
1907年3月7日,英国统计学家弗朗西斯·高尔顿发表了一篇论文,阐述了后来被称为“群体智慧”的效应。
Although he is known to only a few,his reputation among them is very great.
尽管只有几个人知道他,但是他在他们之中的名声很大。
be known to为……所知
单句语法填空
①Hangzhou is known 　 　 the West Lake and many other beautiful sights.
②Known 　　　　 the founder of the store,Mr.Li is fully respected.
③It will be some time before the theory is known 　　 all the people.
语境运用
for
as
to
◆participate in “参加,参与”,相当于take part in
5....how many people will participate in the experiment
……有多少人会参加这项实验
归 纳 拓 展
(1)participate with sb.in sth.和某人一起参与某事
participate in (doing) sth.参加(做)某事
(2)participant n.参加者;参与者
participation n.参加;参与
Everyone in the class is expected to participate in the discussion.
班上的每个人都应参加讨论。
Last spring,I was fortunate to be chosen to participate in an exchange study programme.
去年春天,我有幸被选中参加一个交换学习项目。
People are no longer comfortable being alone,which is confirmed by a study where participants were asked to stay away from social media for 24 hours.
人们不再适应独处,这是被一项要求参与者远离社交媒体24小时的研究所证实的。
participate in (doing) sth.参加(做)某事
participate in (doing) sth.参加(做)某事
The population aging issue is severe in this country,but the country has never had more kids,and participation in high school sports has never been higher.
人口老龄化问题在这个国家非常严重,但这个国家没有生更多的孩子,高中体育的参与度也没有像现在这样高。
In the first,95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (表面上) participate in a study about movie viewership.(2020新高考全国Ⅰ,阅读D)
在第一个实验里,95名女大学生被分别邀请进入实验室,表面上参与一个关于电影观看习惯的调查。
participate in (doing) sth.参加(做)某事
单句语法填空
①You should participate 　 　 your friend 　 his sufferings when necessary.
②All the 　　 　　 (participate) in the debate had an opportunity to speak.
③The distribution of phones among students has raised concern that they will further distract students from class 　　 　　 (participate).
语境运用
with
in
participants
participation
完成句子
④这是他第三次参加奥运会了。
It was the third time that he 　　　　　　　　　 the Olympic Games.
had participated in
◆additionally adv.除此之外,此外
6.Additionally,there was very little crime.
另外,这里几乎没有犯罪。
归 纳 拓 展
(1)add v.增加;补充
(2)addition n.增加;补充
in addition (to...) (除……)另外,此外
(3)additional adj.额外的;附加的
He will sign a personal guarantee to additionally secure the loan.
他将签署一份个人担保书以进一步确保贷款的安全。
You can pay bills over the Internet.Additionally,you can check your balance or order statements.
你可以在因特网上支付账单。此外,你还可以查询余额或订货结算单。
单句语法填空
①Mr. Liu will give us some 　 　　　(addition) exercises to do this afternoon.
②In 　　　 　(add) to practical skills,Pruitt’s lessons teach teamwork,
encourage self-worth,and promote feelings of community.
(2021天津3月,完形填空)
③The interview is at 10 o’clock tomorrow morning.　　　 　(additional),
don’t forget your resumé.
语境运用
additional
addition
Additionally
◆frequently adv.经常地,频繁地
7.They visited each other and frequently organised community celebrations.
他们相互拜访,并且经常组织社区的庆祝活动。
归 纳 拓 展
(1)frequent adj.经常的,频繁的
(2)frequency n.频率;频繁
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.
(2022全国乙,七选五)
确保你已与你的朋友沟通了你们每个人想要联系的频率以及适合你们俩的最佳方式。
Travelling to conferences,lectures,workshops,and the like—frequently by plane—is viewed as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.(2022浙江1月,语法填空)
经常乘飞机参加会议、讲座、研讨会等活动,对科学家们聚在一起交流信息是很重要的。
单句语法填空
①You can’t hear waves of such a high 　　 　　(frequent).
②Most 　　　 　(frequent),the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”.
(2023新高考全国Ⅰ,阅读D)
③The young girl wrote 　　 　　(frequently) letters to her family while working abroad.
语境运用
frequency
frequently
frequent
◆consequence n.后果
8.Well,the consequences of the change followed quickly.
嗯,这个变化很快就有了后果。
归 纳 拓 展
(1)as a consequence (=in consequence/as a result) 结果,因此
as a consequence of (=in consequence of/as a result of) 由于
take/suffer/face the consequences of
承担/遭受/面对……的结果/后果
(be) of no/little consequence无足轻重;不重要
(2)consequently adv.因此;所以
(3)consequent adj.随之发生的;作为结果的
Realising the consequences of not studying hard,Sarah decided to change her habits and work harder to pass her classes.
意识到不努力学习的后果后,莎拉决定改变她的习惯,更加努力地学习,以便通过她的课程。
As a consequence of Mary’s hard work,she was eventually admitted to her ideal university.
由于玛丽努力学习,她最终被理想的大学录取。
as a consequence of (=in consequence of/as a result of) 由于
单句语法填空
①Your failure was 　　　 　 on your constant laziness and 　　　 　 ,
you should face the terrible 　 　　　 bravely while pondering how to change yourself.(consequence)
语境运用
consequent
consequently
consequences
一句多译
②昨天下雨了,因此足球比赛取消了。
→　　　　 　　　　　　　　 the rain,the football match was cancelled yesterday.
→It rained yesterday and 　　　 　　　　　 the football match was cancelled.
As a consequence of/In consequence of/As a result of
as a consequence/in consequence/as a result
重点句式
◆it作形式主语;get sth.done表示“使某事/某物被做”;状语从句的省略
1.Amazingly,it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels delivered,and once released,the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today.
令人惊讶的是,这些包裹只需通过5至7个人就能送到正确的人手中。结果一经公布,便发表在双月刊《今日心理学》上。
归 纳 拓 展
(1)句中it only took between five and seven people to get...是“It takes sb.(some time) to do sth.”句型;get the parcels delivered是“get sth.
done”结构。
(2)once released是状语从句的省略形式,补充完整为: once they were released。
It took us about 3 hours to go all the way around the Xi’an City Wall.(2021全国甲,语法填空)
我们花了大约3个小时围西安城墙绕了一圈。
I’m far behind schedule and I’ll never get this report done by Friday.(2022天津6月,单项填空)
我远远落后于预定计划,我将无法在星期五之前完成这份报告。
Once (it is) dried,it feels just like leather and is really tough.You can’t tear it apart.
一旦干了,它摸起来就像皮革,而且非常坚韧。你不能把它撕开。
We eat about 22 percent more when using a 30cm plate instead of a 25cm plate.
用30厘米的盘子时,我们会比用25厘米的盘子多吃大约22%的食物。
温馨提示
状语从句省略的条件
①在条件、时间、让步状语从句中,若从句的主语为it,谓语动词为be动词时,可以将从句中的主语it和be动词同时省略。
②如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致,从句是被动语态,从句可以变成“连词+过去分词”;从句是主动语态,从句可以变成“连词+现在分词”。
单句语法填空
①It took me an hour 　　　　(finish) my homework.
②I got my computer 　　　 　(fix) because I didn’t know much about computers.
③She walked home by herself,although 　　 　　(know) that it was dangerous.
④Unless 　　　　(invite),he won’t go there with us.
语境运用
to finish
fixed
knowing
invited
完成句子
⑤睡觉时,航天员必须把自己拴在某件东西上,防止到处飘。
　　　　　　　　,the astronauts must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around.
⑥如果有可能,他会去海边度假。
He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday 　　　 　　.
While sleeping
if possible
◆“It was+被强调部分+that+其他”为强调句型
2.It was this research that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”.
正是这项研究启发了“六度分隔”这一说法。
归纳拓展
It wasn’t until 1980—32 years into his career—that he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane!(2021浙江6月,阅读理解A)
直到1980年,也就是他职业生涯的第32年,他才在《空前绝后满天飞》中得到似乎是为他量身定做的这个角色!
It was only when I tried to remove my head that I realized getting out was going to be less straightforward than getting in.(2021浙江1月,读后续写)
只有当我试图把脑袋(从南瓜中)移出来时,我才意识到把脑袋放进去比移出来要容易得多。
It was because of bad weather that the football match had to be put off.
正是由于糟糕的天气,足球赛才不得不推迟。
What was it that distinguished her from her classmates
是什么使得她有别于她的同学呢
温馨提示
强调句型面面观
①强调句型中的it没有任何意义,只起引导作用,不能用this,that等词替代。
②强调句型只能用来强调句子的主语、宾语和状语,不能强调谓语。
③若被强调部分是表示人的名词或代词,可用who代替that,否则只能用that。
④一般疑问句形式:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that+其他
⑤特殊疑问句形式: 特殊疑问词(被强调部分)+is/was+it+that+其他
⑥not...until...的强调句型为:It is/was not until...+that+其他。
单句语法填空
①It is reported that it was the captain 　　　　 gave the order to abandon the ship.
②It was because the weather was so awful 　　 　 we didn’t enjoy the day.
③It was not 　　　　 his teacher had explained it three times that Tom understood it.
④　　　　 was it that won the gold medal in swimming
语境运用
that/who
that
until
Who
完成句子
⑤是我的父亲要和我进行一次面对面的交谈。
　　　　　　　　　 　 will have a face-to-face talk with me.
⑥正是整个局面让她感到非常沮丧和心烦。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 made her very depressed and upset.
It is my father that/who
It was the whole situation that
长难句分析
该句中的shows后面是由and连接的两个宾语从句,第二个宾语从句中的people后面又跟了一个who引导的定语从句。
Research shows the average person only has regular communication with between seven and fifteen people,and that most of our communication is in fact with five to ten people who are closest to us.
研究表明,普通人只与7至15个人经常保持联系,而且其中大部分的交流实际上只发生在5到10个最亲近的人身上。
单句情境写作
①老师希望我们互相之间能好好相处,并希望我们能更多地关心那些几乎不与别人交流的人。
语境运用
The teacher hopes that we can get on well with each other,and that we can care more about those who have little communication with others.
②妈妈注意到,她的儿子已经习惯了这里的生活,并且也已经熟悉了他周围的同学。
Mum noted that her son had got used to the life here,and that he had been familiar with the classmates who were around him.
进阶提升·写作微练
动作描写
常用词汇
课文词汇
1.take　　　　　　　 v.花费;需要
2.appear v.出现
3.introduce v.介绍
4.make an attempt 尝试
5.send sth.to sb. 送给某人某物
6.link...to... 把……和……连接起来
7.be connected to 与……有联系
补充词汇
8.experience/go through sth. 经历/经受某事
9.take part in/participate in 参加
10.ask sb.for help 向某人求助
11.get through 完成;度过,熬过(困难时期);接通(电话)
常用句型
课文原句
1.Amazingly,it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels delivered...
令人惊讶的是,这些包裹只需通过5至7个人就能送到正确的人手中……
2.In the 1950s,an attempt was made by two scientists to prove the theory mathematically...
20世纪50年代,两位科学家试图用数学方法证明该理论……
3.Milgram told them to send the package to a person they knew personally who they thought might know the target stranger.
米尔格兰姆告诉这些人先把包裹寄给认为有可能认识目标收件人的熟人。
4.How might you be connected to the driver of the bus you regularly take or the person who delivers your parcels
你与你经常乘坐的公交车司机或给你送包裹的人可能存在怎样的联系
其他表达
5.He taught her how to rely on her other senses,specifically her hearing,to determine where she was and how to adapt to her new environment.
他教她如何依靠其他感官,特别是听觉,来确定自己的位置,以及如何适应新的环境。
6.When he learnt that the third prize was a new pair of shoes,he decided to take part in.
当他得知三等奖是一双新鞋时,他决定参加。
微写作训练
1.令人惊讶的是,这名大学生村官经过数次尝试,终于把贫困的山村与外部世界联系起来,把当地农产品销往海外。
Amazingly,after making several attempts,the university student village official finally connected the poor mountain village with the outside world and sold local agricultural products overseas.
2.没有向任何人求助,这名意志坚强的孩子历经磨难,终于成功地参加了竞赛,并且取得了优异的成绩。
Without asking anyone for help,the strong-willed child went through hardships and finally successfully participated in the competition and made excellent achievements.
课文二次开发利用
课文语法填空
　　“Six Degrees of Separation” refers to the theory that any person on Earth can 1.　　 　　 (connect) to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people.It was first talked about in the 1920s,when the Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy published a book 2.
(introduce) the idea of friendship networks.His ideas influenced many of our early impressions of 3.　　　　(society) networks.
be connected
introducing
social
In the 1950s,two scientists made an attempt 4.　　 　(prove) the theory mathematically,however,after 20 years,they still had not had any success.In 1967,an American sociologist called Stanley Milgram tried using a new method to test the theory,5.　　　　 he called the “small-world problem”.It was the research that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”.
to prove
which
In the last few decades,the theory and the phrase 6.
(appear) again.Its name was used as the title of a play and then a film.
Then,more films and TV programmes 7.　　 　(base) on the concept were made and broadcast.In 2001,Columbia University tried to recreate Milgram’s experiment on the Internet.8.　　　　(it) results confirmed that the average number of links in the chain was six.
have appeared
based
Its
Most recently,9.　　　 experiment in 2011 at the University of Milan analysed the relationship between 721 million social media users and found that 92 percent were connected by only four stages,or five degrees of separation.So how might you be connected to the driver of the bus you
10.　　　 　(regular) take or the person who delivers your parcels
an
regularly
语法专项指导
过去时态的被动形式
语法原句再现
1.The concept was first talked about as long ago as in the 1920s.
2.In the 1950s,an attempt was made by two scientists to prove the theory mathematically...
3.Once the parcel had been received by this person,he/she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person.
4.Its name was used as the title of a play and then a film.
5.Soon the game was being played in universities across the United States.
请观察上述句子中黑体字标出的谓语部分,看看它们有什么共同特征。
语法知识点拨
语法梳理
一、一般过去时的被动语态
概念和基本结构
概念 表示过去某一时间的被动动作或过去经常性、习惯性的被动动作
构成 主语+was/were+及物动词的过去分词+其他成分
否定形式 主语+was/were+not+及物动词的过去分词+其他成分
一般疑问句 Was/Were+主语+及物动词的过去分词+其他成分
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+及物动词的过去分词+其他成分
While I tend to buy a lot of books,these three were given to me as gifts,
which might add to the meaning I attach to them.(2020全国Ⅰ,阅读理解B)
虽然我倾向于买很多书,但这三本书是作为礼物送给我的,这可能会增加我赋予它们的意义。
The witness’s story was not supported by the evidence.
目击者的描述与证据不符。
When was your elder brother sent to Beijing to work
你哥哥是什么时候被派往北京工作的
用括号内动词的正确形式填空
①I know Mr.Brown.We 　　 　　 (introduce) to each other at an international conference.
②He showed me how his medical instruments 　　　　 (use).(2022全国甲,短文改错改编)
③May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day,which
(name) officially by the United Nations on November 27th,2019.(2022全国
乙,语法填空)
对点小练
were introduced
were used
was named
二、过去进行时的被动语态
概念和基本结构
概念 表示过去某个时刻正在进行或者发生的被动性的动作
构成 主语+was/were+being done+其他成分
否定形式 主语+was/were+not+being done+其他成分
一般疑问句 Was/Were+主语+being done+其他成分
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+being done+其他成分
The reporter said that many new houses were being built in the disaster area and people would move in soon.
记者说,灾区正在建造许多新房子,人们很快就会搬进去。
Was a new library being put up in their school just then
他们学校当时正在建一座新图书馆吗
What was being done by him when you visited him yesterday afternoon
昨天下午你去拜访他的时候他在做什么
将下列句子改为被动语态
①They were giving some books to the students when I was there.
→
　　　　　　　　 by them when I was there.
②The workers were building another bridge over the Changjiang River then.
→Another bridge 　　　　　 　　 by the workers over the Changjiang River then.
对点小练
Some books were being given to the students/The students were being given some books
was being built
③My father wasn’t repairing our bike at this time yesterday morning.
→ Our bike 　　　　　　　　　　　 by my father at this time yesterday morning.
④Why were you scolding your son when I called you last night
→Why 　　　　 your son 　　　　　　　　 by you when I called you last night
wasn’t being repaired
was
being scolded
三、过去完成时的被动语态
1.概念和基本结构
概念 表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经被完成的动作
构成 主语+had been done+其他成分
否定形式 主语+had not been done+其他成分
一般疑问句 Had+主语+been done+其他成分
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+had+主语+been done+其他成分
2.基本用法
过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下三种情况:
(1)表示过去某一时间以前已经被完成的动作,常与by,before等引导的时间状语连用。
The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came.
老师来之前教室还没有打扫。
温馨提示
当从句由after,before,when或 as soon as引导时,主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。
The door was locked before they left.
他们离开前把门锁上了。
(2)根据语意可以判断出动作的先后顺序。
He did what he had been told to.
他做了让他做的事。
(3)谓语动词told,said,knew,heard,thought等接宾语从句时,如果宾语从句中的动作在谓语动词之前已完成且表示被动,从句用过去完成时的被动语态。
They said the production costs had been reduced.
他们说生产成本已经降低了。
用括号内动词的正确形式填空
①The ticket 　　 　　(sell) out when we got to the cinema.
②As the assignment 　　 　　(do),he went out to play with his friends.
③How many buildings 　 　　　(destroy) when the earthquake ended
对点小练
had been sold
had been done
had been destroyed
四、过去将来时的被动语态
概念和基本结构
概念 表示在过去某个时间将要发生的被动性动作,常用于宾语从句中
构成 (1)主语+would/should+be+及物动词的过去分词+其他成分
(2)主语+was/were going to+be+及物动词的过去分词+其他成分
否定 形式 (1)主语+would/should+not+be+及物动词的过去分词+其他成分
(2)主语+was/were+not going to+be+及物动词的过去分词+其他
成分
一般 疑问句 (1)Would/Should+主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+其他成分
(2)Was/Were+主语+going to+be+及物动词的过去分词+其他
成分
特殊 疑问句 (1)特殊疑问词+would/should+主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+其他成分
(2)特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+going to+be+及物动词的过去分词+其他成分
He said that something would be needed to finish the task.
他说要完成这项任务,需要某种条件。
I thought a square meal was going to be made by Sally.
我想一顿丰盛的大餐将会出自萨莉之手。
温馨提示
过去将来时的被动语态除了上述两个结构外,还可用于以下结构中:
①主语+was/were to+be+及物动词的过去分词+其他成分
He said the problems were to be solved soon.
他说这些问题很快就会被解决。
It was reported that this line was to be opened to traffic the next week.
据报道,该线路将在下周通车。
②主语+was/were+about to+be+及物动词的过去分词+其他成分
The meeting was about to be held when the lights went off.
刚要开会,突然灯灭了。
用括号内动词的正确形式填空
①I believed that a letter was going to 　　　 　(write) to Tom by Jack.
②I knew that a house 　　　 　(buy) by my sister the next year.
③He said he 　　　 　(not blame) if he finished his homework.
对点小练
be written
would be bought
wouldn’t be blamed
将下列句子改为被动语态
④He said you were to find such books in the library.
→He said such books 　　　　　 　　　 by you in the library.
⑤She complained she was not to hear a single sound.
→She complained a single sound 　　　　　　　　　 by her.
⑥I was about to open the door when someone broke in.
→The door 　　　　　　　　　　 by me when someone broke in.
were to be found
was not to be heard
was about to be opened
1.It 　　　　 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).(2021全国甲,语法填空)
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作谓语,与主语it构成动宾关系,应用被动语态;根据in the Tang dynasty可知,此处描述的是过去的情况,应用一般过去时,且主语为单数,谓语动词应用单数形式。故填was built。
was built
真题体验
2.I 　 　　(send) to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day project.
We had to carry everything we needed...(2021浙江1月,完形填空)
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作谓语,且与主语I构成动宾关系,应用被动语态;根据后文中的had和needed可知应用一般过去时,且主语为单数,谓语动词应用单数形式。故填was sent。
was sent
3.Millions of acres of wetlands 　　　　 (dry) to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).(2021新高考全国Ⅰ,阅读C)
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作谓语,与dry构成动宾关系,应用被动语态;分析语境可知事情应该发生在过去,故应用一般过去时;主语为复数,谓语动词应用复数形式。故填were dried。
were dried
4.The GPNP　　　 　 (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems...”.
(2022新高考全国Ⅰ,语法填空)
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作谓语,和句子的主语the GPNP之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;叙述客观事实,应用一般现在时;主语为单数,谓语动词应用单数形式。故填is designed。
is designed
5.After Lincoln 　　　 　(elect) President of the US in 1861,they rented the house and sold most of their furniture.(2021浙江6月,语法填空)
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作谓语,与elect构成动宾关系,应用被动语态;根据时间状语in 1861可知应用一般过去时;主语Lincoln为单数,谓语动词应用单数形式。故填was elected。
was elected
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.As we know,the People’s Republic of China 　　 　　(found) on October 1,1949.
2.The key 　　　　(leave) on the table last night.
3.Thousands of trees 　　　 　(plant) by us on the hill last year.
4.She told me that she 　　 　　(dismiss) by her boss.
5.The get-together in the tea-house 　　 　　 (cancel) by the time we arrived.
was founded
语法专项训练
was left
were planted
had been dismissed
had been cancelled
6.The building of a new car factory 　　 　　(agree) last month.
7.The manager said that project 　　　 　(complete) before October.
8.Last week an activity named Reading Chinese Classics 　　 　　(hold) in our school.
9.Trees 　　 　　(plant) by us here at this time last week.
10.He hoped he 　　 　　 (give) a more suitable job the next year.
was agreed
would be completed
was held
were being planted
would be given
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.On the last day of our week-long stay,we 　　　　　　　　　　(被邀请参加) a private concert on a beautiful farm.
2.He hurried home,never once looking back to see if he
(被跟踪).
3.I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan
　　　　　　　　 　(执行) in the past two years.
were invited to attend
was being followed
had been carried out
4.The temple 　　　　　　(设计) by an ancient artist in the 15th century.
5.All the tickets 　　　　　　　　　(售完) when we arrived at the railway station.
was designed
had been sold out(共53张PPT)
UNIT 10　课时作业(二)
(分值:75分)
[基础进阶·情境运用]
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共8题;每题1分,共8分)
1.She 　　　　(敢于) not breathe a word of it to anybody.
2.He survived the accident with no broken 　　　　(骨头).
3.Why do you always 　　　　(叹气) when you say his name
4.Those 　　 　　 children live in harmony in their new families.
5.Mary will 　　　　 to study for a master’s degree this academic year.
dared
bones
sigh
adopted
proceed
6.Don’t stand outside 　　 　　(哆嗦)—come inside and get warm!
7.Two women with 　　 　　(有泪痕的) faces told us how the fire had destroyed their village.
8.The report 　　　 　 that workers had been exposed to high levels of radiation.
shivering
tear-stained
revealed
Ⅱ.词形转换(共8题;每题1.5分,共12分)
1.When I told him the secret,he stood in 　　 　　(amaze).
2.　　 　　(resolute) she left home to embark on a new life with the man she loved.
3.The government has ordered an 　　 　　(investigate) into the accident.
4.The idea of a holiday abroad is surely 　 　　　(appeal).
5.A large part of human activity,　　 　　(particular) in relation to the environment,is in response to conditions or events.
amazement
Resolutely
investigation
appealing
particularly
6.The 　　 　 (adopt) of this policy would relieve the unions of a tremendous burden.
7.But a change,no matter how 　　　 　(desperate) it was needed,didn’t just happen in response to his cry.
8.Compare fresh vegetables with 　　 　　(freeze) vegetables,and you’ll find the fresh ones taste better.
adoption
desperately
frozen
Ⅲ.单句情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.他挥舞着手走向我们。(现在分词作伴随状语)
He walked to us,waving his hand.
2.他第一次上这位年轻老师的课就对他的课感兴趣了。(when引导的时间状语从句)
He became interested in the young teacher’s lesson when he attended his class for the first time.
3.这个男孩低头站在那儿。(with复合结构)
The boy stood there with his head down.
4.现在没必要告诉我你的答案。(There is no need to do sth.)
There is no need to tell me your answer now.
5.在我们周围是一些说笑的孩子们。(完全倒装)
Around us are some children who are talking and laughing.
Ⅳ.语法练习——完成句子(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.贵宾们受到了高度赞扬。
The distinguished guests 　　　 　　　　　　.
2.那男孩跑得非常快,能够追上那只狗。
The boy ran 　　　　　　 　　　　　　　.
3.她比她丈夫年轻多了。
She is 　　　　　　　 　　 her husband.
were highly praised
fast enough to catch up with the dog
much younger than
4.萨拉回到家,瘦弱不堪,她的父母几乎认不出她。
Sara came home so thin and weak that her parents 　　　　　　　　　 .
5.气温略有上升,但仍很冷。
The temperature 　　　　　　　 　, but it was still very cold.
hardly recognised her
had risen slightly
[话题延伸·素养升华]
Ⅰ.阅读(共8题;每题2.5分,共20分)
A
Recently we celebrated my grandmother’s 90th birthday. Family members travelled to my hometown to visit her. This was the first time in many years that I had seen so many of them. Though this was an opportunity to see family,many people did not make it. Honestly,living far from hometown,I had missed many family gatherings. But this one made me realise how much I was really missing.
It seemed strange when I was looking at the faces,realising whom they were and greeting them with open arms. After chatting for a while,we caught up on each other’s news. Several relatives suggested having a family reunion soon if everyone wasn’t so busy. But my grandmother’s generation was much busier,yet still found time to gather. They understood the importance of visiting one another. They knew time is flying and that those you care about most won’t be here forever.
Today,we focus on our careers and raising our kids. Our extended family isn’t the centre it once was. Besides,we keep in touch on social media. But what we really miss are the potato salad,the moments of laughter and sudden bursts of excitement when we hug someone we haven’t seen for over 10 years. Although the next get-together is always a year or so away,people aren’t goods and everyone has an expiration (到期) date.
I left my grandmother’s party with a much better sense of who I am and where I come from. I spent valuable time with people who contributed to who I am today. I had forgotten how much I love them and I was reminded how much I am loved.
【语篇导读】 本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了作者参加了祖母90岁生日的家庭聚会,深刻地理解了家庭聚会的意义,并鼓励人们重视家庭聚会。
(　　)1.How did the author feel about missing previous family gatherings
[A]Indifferent. [B]Sad.
[C]Regretful. [D]Annoyed.
C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“Honestly,living far from hometown,I had missed many family gatherings. But this one made me realise how much I was really missing.”可知,作者因离家较远而错过很多家庭聚会,这一次参加家庭聚会令作者感受颇深。由此可推知,作者对自己错过的家庭聚会感到遗憾。故选C。
(　　)2.What do we know about the author’s grandmother’s generation
[A]They were carefree.
[B]They held family dear.
[C]They took time seriously.
[D]They visited family frequently.
B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But my grandmother’s generation was...those you care about most won’t be here forever.”可知,祖母这一代人经常找机会相聚,她们那一代人更知道家庭聚会的重要性,也明白自己关心的人不会一直在,所以她们那一代人很珍惜家庭聚会。故选B。
(　　)3.What does the author mean by the last sentence in Paragraph 3
[A]Family reunions mean no fun.
[B]All goods don’t have an expiration date.
[C]People are always too busy to get together.
[D]We should see loved ones more before it’s too late.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Although the next get-together is always a year or so away,people aren’t goods and everyone has an expiration (到期) date.”可知,每个人都有到期的时间,并结合第二段中的“They knew time is flying and that those you care about most won’t be here forever.”可知,你所关心的人未必永远都在,所以我们应该珍惜家庭聚会,多看望自己关心的人。故选D。
(　　)4.Why does the author write the text
[A]To convince readers to meet friends.
[B]To share an interesting family reunion.
[C]To stress the value of family gatherings.
[D]To compare different generations’ values.
C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Honestly,living far from hometown,
I had missed many family gatherings. But this one made me realise how much I was really missing.”以及最后一段中的“I left my grandmother’s party with a much better sense of who I am and where I come from.”可知,参加祖母90岁生日的家庭聚会使得作者对家庭聚会的意义有了更深刻的理解,所以作者写这篇文章的目的是强调家庭聚会的重要意义。故选C。
B
We often hear honesty is the best policy,and no one likes to be called a liar.But is dishonesty always wrong
Not necessarily.
According to psychologists,there are two types of lies:Lies that help your relationships and the people around you are called pro-social lies;and lies that hurt them are called antisocial lies.
How often have you clicked “Like” online,not because you actually like what your friends posted,but because you want to show your support This white lie is an example of a pro-social lie.But when people tell lies on social networks to make their own lives seem more exciting,or to make others jealous,this is antisocial lying.
Workplace lies range from harmless lies to destructive untruthful statements.An example of a pro-social workplace lie is complimenting someone on his or her presentation— even though it was only average — because you know he or she was nervous beforehand.In this case,your intention is simply to protect your colleague’s feelings.However,people sometimes tell bigger lies at work for the purpose of avoiding blame or to stay on the boss’s good side.These are antisocial lies.They are antisocial because your boss is likely to discover the truth and as a result,will probably stop trusting you.
Lying is also a significant part of the natural world.So it’s little wonder we resort to it almost reflexively.Human babies sometimes pretend to cry,check to see if anyone is listening,and then start crying again.By the age of five,children learn to say things that are completely untrue,and most nine-year-olds have mastered keeping secrets to protect themselves.
Lying can be incredibly harmful to our relationships and to the people around us.But that’s only true for antisocial lies.Pro-social lies have the opposite effect—they can actually help us.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了谎言的两种类型。一种是有助于你的人际关系和周围人的亲社会谎言,另一种是伤害他人的反社会谎言。
(　　)5. What may help us tell a pro-social lie from an antisocial lie
[A]The purpose it serves.
[B]The way it is told.
[C]The occasion where it is told.
[D]The people it is told to.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第五段的第二、第三句可知,职场上亲社会谎言的一个例子是在某人紧张时称赞他,此举的意图只是保护某人的情感。根据第五段的第四、第五句可知,人们有时会在工作中说更大的谎言,目的是避免受到指责或保持老板对自己的好感。这些都是反社会谎言。由此可推知,辨别出说谎行为的目的可以帮助我们区分亲社会谎言和反社会谎言。故选A。
(　　)6. Why does the author mention bigger lies at work
[A]Because they tend to avoid blame or to stay on the boss’s good side.
[B]Because they prove that workplace lies can be destructive.
[C]Because they show the intention of protecting others.
[D]Because they help with hiding the truth.
B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第五段的第一句可知,职场谎言涉及从无害的谎言到破坏性的不实陈述。由第五段的最后三句可知,作者提及工作中更大的谎言是为了证明职场谎言可能具有破坏性。故选B。
(　　)7.Which statement is supported by the passage
[A]We usually tell pro-social lies to protect our own feelings.
[B]Lying always hurts both the liar and the person being lied to.
[C]Lying on social media is pro-social,but face-to-face lying isn’t.
[D]Sometimes,making people feel good benefits more than telling the absolute truth.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,亲社会谎言实际上有助于我们的人际关系,保护周围人的情感不受伤害。由此可推知,作者会同意“有时候,让人们感觉良好比说出真相更有好处”。故选D。
(　　)8.What’s the text intended to do
[A] To warn that lies could harm us.
[B]To make it clear that lying is a second nature.
[C]To persuade that there are some lies that we need to tell.
[D]To remind that honesty is the best policy.
C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一、第二段内容可知,我们经常听说诚实是上策,没有人喜欢被称为骗子。但不诚实总是错的吗 不一定。结合最后一段内容可知,作者认为有时候有必要说谎,亲社会谎言实际上有助于我们的人际关系,保护周围人的情感不受伤害。由此可推知,文章的目的在于说服我们相信有些谎言是我们需要说的。故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
As I walked to the market this morning,I saw an old man in shabby clothes sitting in front of a shop.I thought he was a beggar and made a
　1　 that on my way back,I should give him whatever 　2　 I had.
A few feet away was a young man　3　 down on the sidewalk,obviously in a drunken state and nobody took any notice.I thought it was some good-for-nothing drunk who had 　4　 all his money on alcohol.Soon I finished all my shopping,and walked back along the same road.　5　 I reached the point where I saw the beggar,I took out all the 　6　 change I had.When I got close to him and asked him to take it,he 　7　 looked into my eyes,but still looked ahead and shook his head,saying he did not need it.I insisted and
　8　 it into his hand.
As I stood there,proud of my great 　9　 of charity,the old man slowly walked up to the young man and 　10　 him awake.I stood there watching with 　11　 as he walked to the tea shop and asked for something for which he paid with the money I gave,and 　12　 a bun and a cup of hot tea.He then went back to the young man,helped him to sit,and helped him to eat and drink.
The old man noticed that I was still standing there so he 　13　 and said that the young boy had not eaten for two days and that was why he fell down on the sidewalk.Suddenly I felt so 　14　 and admired the 　15　 of a man who has so little compared to me.He was truly generous.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。作者去集市时,遇到了一个衣衫褴褛的老人,于是就把剩下的零钱给了这位老人,然而老人却用这些钱买了面包和热茶去帮助一个躺在地上的年轻人。作者非常敬佩这位老人。
(　　)1.
[A]difference
[B]choice
[C]request
[D]decision
【解析】 根据空后的“that on my way back,I should give him whatever
　2　 I had”可知,这里表示作者决定回来后把零钱给这个老人。make a decision意为“做出决定”。故选D。
D
(　　)2.
C
【解析】 根据下文中的“I took out all the 　6　 change I had”可知,这里是change的原词复现,指把零钱给这个老人。故选C。
[A]help
[B]advice
[C]change
[D]strength
(　　)3.
A
【解析】 根据下文中的“He then went back to the young man,helped him to sit”可知,这个年轻人躺在(lying)人行道上。故选A。
[A]lying
[B]sitting
[C]walking
[D]pacing
(　　)4.
B
【解析】 根据句中的“some good-for -nothing drunk”可知,作者认为这个年轻人是一个把所有钱都浪费(wasted)在买酒上的醉汉。故选B。
[A]used
[B]wasted
[C]donated
[D]saved
(　　)5.
A
【解析】 根据空后的“I reached the point where I saw the beggar”和“I took out all the 　6　 change I had”可知,两个动作之间是先后关系,所以应用Before引导时间状语从句。故选A。
[A]Before
[B]Because
[C]If
[D]Although
(　　)6.
C
【解析】 根据上文中的“I should give him whatever 　2　 I had”可知,购物后作者把自己剩下的(left)所有零钱都拿了出来。故选C。
[A]major
[B]great
[C]left
[D]plain
(　　)7.
D
【解析】 根据句中的“but still looked ahead”可知,老人几乎不(hardly)看作者的眼睛,而是看向前方。故选D。
[A]angrily
[B]directly
[C]calmly
[D]hardly
(　　)8.
A
【解析】 根据空后的“it into his hand”并结合常识可知,老人不接受零钱,而作者坚持要给他,所以作者就硬把钱塞到了(pushed)老人手中。故选A。
[A]pushed
[B]brought
[C]checked
[D]kept
(　　)9.
D
【解析】 根据空后的“of charity”并结合上文作者的行为可知,这里指的是作者的慈善行为(act)。故选D。
[A]goal
[B]issue
[C]job
[D]act
(　　)10.
A
【解析】 根据空后的“him awake”可知,老人把这个年轻人摇(shook)醒了。故选A。
[A]shook
[B]touched
[C]kicked
[D]frightened
(　　)11.
D
【解析】 根据空后内容并结合常识可知,老人收到钱后并没有将其用在自己身上,而是帮助了年轻人,这让作者感到很惊讶(amazement)。故选D。
[A]delight
[B]anxiety
[C]annoyance
[D]amazement
(　　)12.
C
【解析】 根据and前的“asked for something for which he paid with the money I gave”可知,老人要了一些东西,并用作者给的钱付了款,这里是说付钱后取到了(collected)自己要的东西。故选C。
[A]exchanged
[B]supplied
[C]collected
[D]demanded
(　　)13.
B
【解析】 根据上文中的“He then went back to the young man,helped him to sit”并结合常识可知,老人扶年轻人坐起来的时候应该自己也身体下蹲,所以对作者说话时应该抬头看向(looked up)作者。故选B。
[A]sat up
[B]looked up
[C]woke up
[D]showed up
(　　)14.
B
【解析】 根据上文中的“I thought it was...on alcohol.”以及空后的“admired the 　15　 of a man who has so little compared to me”可知,老人虽然拥有很少,但却很慷慨地帮助他人,这让作者感到自己很渺小(small)。故选B。
[A]great
[B]small
[C]proud
[D]confused
(　　)15.
C
【解析】 根据下文中的“He was truly generous.”可知,老人非常慷慨(generosity),因此作者很钦佩这位老人。故选C。
[A]responsibility
[B]wisdom
[C]generosity
[D]positivity(共71张PPT)
　
Part 3
Reading Club 1,Reading Club 2,
Check Your Progress
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1.emperor　　　 n.
2.republic n.
3.loan n.
阅读单词
皇帝
共和国
贷款
1. 　　 n.债务,欠款
2. n.公文,文件
核心单词
debt
document
1.sorrow n.悲伤,悲痛;不幸→ adj.悲伤的,悲痛的
2.forgiveness n.原谅,宽恕→ v.原谅,宽恕
3.interrupt vi.& vt.打断(某人的)讲话,中断(某人的)行动,打扰→
n.打扰;中断
4.legal adj.法律的;法律允许的,合法的→ adv.合法地;法律允许地→
adv.不合法地
运用单词
sorrowful
forgive
interruption
legally
illegally
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1. 　　　　　成群结队地走向
2. 保持对……的控制
3. 密切注意……
4. 给……蒙上了一层阴影
5. 转折点
flock to
keep control over
keep an eye on
cast a dark cloud on
turning point
6. 作为对……的报答
7. 开始做……
8. 违背诺言
9. 改变某人的主意
10. 属于
in return for
set out to do
break promise
change one’s mind
belong to
重点句型
1.通过连接人们的家,实际上胡同把人们的生活联系在一起,无论是富人的生活,还是普通居民的生活。
By connecting people’s homes,the hutongs in fact connected people’s lives,
.
2.胡同仍然是北京生活中的一个重要部分,难怪游客们喜欢这些胡同。
Hutongs are still an important part of Beijing’s life and
tourists love the hutongs.
whether the lives of the rich or the lives of the ordinary citizens
it is not surprising
that
3.胡同不仅连接了北京的街道和社区,而且连接了它的过去和现在,表明北京真的是一个古老而又现代的城市。
The hutongs not only link Beijing’s streets and communities,but also its past and present, .
4.是的,钱还没有归还给你,根据法律,你有权利获得安东尼奥心脏附近的一磅肉。
the debt has not been paid,and lawfully you can ask for a pound of flesh from near Antonio’s heart.
showing that Beijing is truly an ancient yet modern city
It is true that
学习理解·语篇解构
Reading Club 1
多维解读·深度剖析
■
■
impression
majority
guards
on
connected
lives
important
精研细读·深层理解
■
■
1.What does the word “hutong” refer to nowadays
It means not only the alleys that connect the courtyards,but also the courtyards themselves and the communities that live there.
2.Why were hutongs built during the ancient times
To help the Emperors keep control over the city.
3.Why do visitors love hutongs
Because hutongs are an important part of Beijing’s life/they offer travellers a rare view into Beijing’s past.
Reading Club 2
多维解读·深度剖析
■
■
pound
agreement
property
blood
help
punished
精研细读·深层理解
■
■
1.What did Shylock ask for in the beginning
He asked for a pound of flesh from near Antonio’s heart.
2.What does Bassanio want to do for Antonio
He can offer the court twice,even ten times the amount of Antonio’s debt.
3.How do you think Portia is like
She is wise/intelligent.
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
◆thousands of好几千的,成千上万的
此短语表示不确定的数字,类似的还有hundreds of,millions of 等等。
1.Every year thousands of tourists flock to China.
每年都有成千上万的游客涌入中国。
归 纳 拓 展
hundreds of数百的
millions of数百万的
tens of thousands of成千上万的
For thousands of years,people have told fables (寓言) to teach a lesson or to pass on wisdom.(2023全国甲,语法填空)
几千年来,人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传递智慧。
Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen.(2021新高考全国Ⅰ,阅读C)
数以百万计的水禽被贩猎猎人和少数极度野心勃勃的擅长运动之人杀死。
Insects are made up of tens of thousands of proteins.
昆虫由数万种蛋白质构成。
millions of数百万的
tens of thousands of成千上万的
单句语法填空
①Languages have been coming and going for 　　　 　 (thousand) of years,but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going, causing many languages to disappear.
②Hundreds 　　　 people have joined the police hunting for the missing teenager.
③The popular science book has sold 3 　 　　(million) copies worldwide.
语境运用
thousands
of
million
◆majority n.大多数;成年的法定年龄;过半数的选票
2.The majority of Beijing’s hutongs were built between the 13th and 19th centuries during the Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties.
北京大部分的胡同建于13到19世纪,在元、明、清代。
归纳 拓展
(1)the/a majority of大多数
(2)major adj.主要的;重要的 vi.主修;专门研究 n.专业;主修科目
major in 主修
What she has just said doesn’t correspond with the views of the majority.
她刚才所说的同大多数人所持的观点不一致。
Although these campaigns were widespread,the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.(2025新高考全国Ⅰ,阅读C)
尽管这些运动很普遍,但现实情况是,大多数西方城市都是围绕汽车的需求进行了彻底的重新设计。
the/a majority of大多数
However,the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
然而,大多数人是有效的演讲者,是因为他们被训练成了这样。
Science and technology have made major changes to the way we live.
科技极大地改变了我们的生活方式。
the/a majority of大多数
单句语法填空
①If the 　　 　　(major) of class support this plan,I will sign it.
完成句子
②(话题写作之学校生活)在我们学校,大多数学生积极参加课外活动,比如加入绘画和音乐社团。
In our school,　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 actively participate in extracurricular activities,such as joining the painting and music clubs.
majority
语境运用
the/a majority of the students
③(应用文写作之申请信)作为一名旅游专业的毕业生,我非常高兴能申请这个职位。
As a graduate 　　　　　　　　 　,I feel more than delighted to apply for the position.
majoring in tourism
◆keep an eye on 照看;留神;留意
3.They were then able to place guards at the entrances of hutongs,which made it easier to keep an eye on people’s movements.
然后,他们可以在胡同入口安排士兵,这样更容易监视人们的活动。
归 纳 拓 展
fix one’s attention/eyes on专心于/注视于
pay attention to注意,关注
We’ve asked the neighbours to keep an eye on the house for us while we are away.
我们已请邻居在我们离开时帮我们照看一下房子。
In doing our work,we must pay attention to ways and means.
工作时,我们应注意方式方法。
pay attention to注意,关注
单句语法填空
①It’s a comfort to know there’s someone to keep 　　　　 eye on the kids.
②Will you pay attention 　　　　 what I am talking
③She never fixed her attention 　　　　 me.
语境运用
an
to
on
◆sorrow n.悲伤,悲痛;不幸
4.They supported each other when help was needed and shared the joy and sorrow of everyday life...
他们在需要帮助的时候相互支持,并且分享日常生活中的欢乐和忧伤……
归 纳 拓 展
(1)sorrow at/for/over 对……感到悲伤/难过
to one’s great sorrow 令某人感到非常悲伤/难过的是
(2)sorrowful adj.悲伤的,悲痛的
He expressed his sorrow at the news of her death.
听到她的死讯,他表示哀伤。
To our great sorrow,he died at his post.
使我们感到非常悲痛的是,他以身殉职了。
The sorrowful news of her grandmother’s passing left her unable to focus for days.
祖母去世的悲痛消息让她好几天都无法集中精神。
As he looked at Katherine,great sorrow clouded his eyes.
当他看着凯瑟琳时,眼中布满了巨大的悲伤。
sorrow at/for/over 对……感到悲伤/难过
to one’s great sorrow 令某人感到非常悲伤/难过的是
单句语法填空
①A 　　　 　(sorrow) expression appeared on her face at the sight of the terrible scene.
②Words cannot express my sorrow 　 　　　 her loss of her son.
完成句子
使我感到难过的是,他在事故中受了重伤。
③　　　　　　　　,he was seriously injured in the accident.
语境运用
sorrowful
at/for/over
To my sorrow
◆forgiveness n.原谅,宽恕
5.Fall to your knees,therefore,and ask the Duke for forgiveness.
所以,快跪下乞求公爵的宽恕吧。
归 纳 拓 展
forgive vt.原谅,宽恕;免除
forgive sb.for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而原谅某人
forgive me 原谅我;对不起
forgive and forget 不记仇
He begged forgiveness for what he had done.
他乞求宽恕他的所作所为。
Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made.
原谅自己所犯的错误。
Forgive me,but I don’t see that any of this concerns me.
对不起,我看不出这与我有任何关系。
forgive sb.for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而原谅某人
forgive me 原谅我;对不起
单句语法填空
①He never admitted his guilt or asked for 　　 　 　 (forgive).
②I don’t think she’s ever quite forgiven me for 　　　　(get) her name wrong that time.
语境运用
forgiveness
getting
完成句子
③我绝不会宽恕你昨晚对我所说的话。
I’ll never to me last night.
④如果他承认犯了错,他会被原谅的。
He 　　　　　　　　 if he admits making a mistake.
forgive you for what you said
will be forgiven
◆debt n.债务,欠款
6.Yes,I can offer the court twice the amount of Antonio’s debt.
是的,我可以向法庭提供双倍的钱来还安东尼奥的债。
归 纳 拓 展
pay off one’s debt(s) 还清债务
in debt 欠债
get into debt 陷入债务
I need to pay off all my debts before I leave the country.
我得在离开该国前还清所有债务。
Because of her medical and legal bills,she is now penniless and deeply in debt.
由于医疗费和律师费,她现在身无分文,深陷债务。
We were poor but we never got into debt.
我们穷是穷,但从不负债。
pay off one’s debt(s) 还清债务
in debt 欠债
get into debt 陷入债务
完成句子
①这家公司最后债台高筑。
The firm ended up deep 　 .
②工厂倒闭后他开始欠债。
He began to 　　　　　　 after his factory closed down.
③杰克在一年内还完了债。
Jack 　　　　　　 　　 within a year.
语境运用
in debt
get into debt
paid off his debts
◆interrupt vi.& vt.打断(某人的)讲话,中断(某人的)行动,打扰
7.holding up her hand to interrupt
举起手来打断
归 纳 拓 展
(1)be interrupted by 被……中断/打断
(2)interruption n.打断;打扰;插嘴
without interruption 连续地;不受打扰地;未间断地
The sky was clear when we headed off,but storms move in fast in the mountains,
and this one quickly interrupted our peaceful morning trip.(2022新高考全国Ⅰ,完形填空)
我们出发时,天空很晴朗,但山中风暴来势汹汹,很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。
The game was interrupted by the rain several times.
比赛因下雨中断了几次。
With children playing in the garden,I managed to read the book for half an hour without interruption.
孩子们在花园里玩,我总算不间断地读了半个小时的书。
be interrupted by 被……中断/打断
without interruption 连续地;不受打扰地;未间断地
单句语法填空
①This morning’s work 　　 　　 (interrupt) by phone calls,which made me annoyed.
②The birth of her son was a minor 　　 　　(interrupt) to her career.
完成句子
③她坚持锻炼,多年来从未间断。
She has kept up physical training for several years 　 　　　　　　　.
语境运用
was interrupted
interruption
without interruption
◆agreement n.契约;协定;一致;同意
8.He must sign an agreement to leave everything to his daughter and Lorenzo after his death.
他必须签个协议,在他死后把一切都留给他的女儿和赖伦佐先生。
归 纳 拓 展
agree v.同意;赞成
agree with同意(某人的看法)
agree on/upon就……达成一致
There was total agreement to start the peace process as soon as possible.
全体一致同意尽快开始和平进程。
We are in agreement with their decision.
我们同意他们的决定。
We have reached an agreement that we will not refer to the matter again.
我们已达成协议,不再提及此事。
单句语法填空
①They discussed it for a whole day but with no 　　　　 (agree) reached.
②He intended to sell the store,but nobody agreed 　　　　 him.
③Finally,her parents agreed 　　　　 the date of the wedding.
语境运用
agreement
with
on/upon
重点句式
◆It is +adj.+that从句
1.Hutongs are still an important part of Beijing’s life and it is not surprising that tourists love the hutongs.
胡同仍然是北京生活中的一个重要部分,难怪游客们喜欢这些胡同。
归纳拓展
It’s not surprising that you’re putting on weight,considering how much you’re eating.
考虑到你吃这么多,体重增加也不奇怪。
It is possible that there will be a heavy rain this evening.
今天晚上很可能将有一场大雨。
It is important that we should take care of the patients.
重要的是我们应该照顾好病人。
It’s strange that he should have made such a mistake.
奇怪的是他竟然犯了一个这样的错误。
完成句子
①大多数家长偶尔会遇到困难,这并不奇怪。
　　　　　　　　　　　 most parents experience occasional difficulties.
②他的发明无疑将会使人们的生活更方便。
　　　　　 　　 his invention will make people’s life more convenient.
③学校应该教会学生运用计算机技术,这是至关重要的。
　　　　　　 schools should teach students to use computer technology.
语境运用
It is not surprising that
It is certain that
It is vital that
◆not only...but also...意为“不但……而且……”。
2.The hutongs not only link Beijing’s streets and communities,but also its past and present,showing that Beijing is truly an ancient yet modern city.
胡同不仅连接了北京的街道和社区,而且连接了它的过去和现在,表明北京真的是一个古老而又现代的城市。
归 纳 拓 展
either...or...或者……或者……
neither...nor...既不……也不……
not...but...不是……而是……
Not only he but also his parents like reading after work.
不仅他喜欢下班后读书而且他的父母也喜欢。
Drinking tea not only can make myself happy but (also) can improve my memory.
喝茶不但让我感觉快乐,而且还能提高记忆力。
In production,we demand not only quantity but also quality.
在生产方面,我们不但要求数量,而且要求质量。
温馨提示
①“not only...but also...”在句中可以连接两个并列的成分,连接主语时,谓语动词遵循就近一致原则。另外,but also的also可以省略。
②如果“not only...but also...”连接两个句子,且not only位于句首时,not only后的句子要用部分倒装结构,即“not only+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他成分”,但but also后面的句子仍用正常语序。
单句语法填空
①Not only the grandmother but also the aunts 　　　　(be) there at this time yesterday.
②The nurse is not only competent 　　　　 also kind.
③Not only 　　　　 (do) he write his own plays,but he also acts in them.
完成句子
④她不仅会说西班牙语,而且还知道如何熟练地打字。
　　　　　　　　 she speak Spanish,　　 　　 she knows how to type skillfully.
语境运用
were
but
does
Not only does
but also
长难句分析
In the play,Bassanio is a young nobleman who borrows money from Shylock,
a Jewish moneylender,so he can travel to Belmont in the hope of winning the hand of Portia,a rich heiress.
在这出戏当中,巴萨尼奥是一位年轻的绅士。为了去贝尔蒙特赢得鲍西娅,一位富有的女继承人的芳心,他向犹太人——高利贷者夏洛克借钱。
该句子是so引导的并列句,前一个分句中的nobleman后面跟了who 引导的定语从句;后面分句中的a rich heiress是Portia的同位语。
单句情境写作
①李明是一个对足球着迷的年轻人,所以他向教练寻求帮助,希望能加入他梦寐以求的足球队——校足球队。
语境运用
Li Ming was a young man who was crazy about football,so he turned to the coach for help in the hope of joining his dream football team,the school football team.
②她是一个渴望成功的雄心勃勃的女孩,所以她打算去更繁华的城市——上海,希望寻求更多的发展机会。
She is an ambitious girl who is eager to succeed,so she plans to go to Shanghai,a more prosperous city,in the hope of seeking more opportunities for development.
进阶提升·写作微练
人物个性、品格描写
常用词汇
课文词汇
1.honest 　　　　adj.诚实的;正直的;坦诚的
2.wise adj.明智的;高明的
3.excellent adj.极好的;卓越的
4.show kindness 发善心,表达善意
补充词汇
5.confident adj.自信的
6.diligent adj.勤奋的
7.outspoken adj.直言不讳的;坦率的
8.considerate adj.考虑周到的
9.a sense of responsibility 责任感
10.a notable/famous/well-known figure 一位著名的人物
11.optimistic and ambitious 乐观且有抱负的
12.with the virtue of... 具有……的美德
13.a man of engaging/fascinating personality 一个魅力非凡的人
14.great determination and courage 巨大的决心和勇气
常用句型
课文原句
1.You seem to be a wise judge.
你看起来是个聪明的法官。
2.Oh,wise judge! Oh,excellent young man!
哦,英明的法官!哦,优秀的年轻人!
3.Most honest judge!
最诚实的法官!
其他表达
4.Mary has the qualities of honesty and generosity.
玛丽具有诚实和慷慨的品质。
5.People with a positive attitude to life are admirable.
对生活持积极态度的人是令人钦佩的。
微写作训练
1.在我看来,他是一个诚实、正直且坦率的男孩,充满了责任感。每次当他看到违反社会公德的行为时,他都会毫不犹豫地站出来制止。
In my opinion,he is an honest,upright and frank boy,full of a sense of responsibility.Every time he sees an act that violates social morality,he will step forward and stop it without hesitation.
2.在困难面前他表现出极大的勇气和决心,是我们学习的楷模。
He showed great courage and determination in the face of difficulties and was a role model for us to follow.(共13张PPT)
　
单元知识回顾
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1.impression n.印象,感想
(1)have/make/leave a(n)...impression sb.给某人留下……的印象
(2)impress vt.使铭记;给……留下深刻印象
impress sth. sb./one’s mind使某人牢记某事
on/upon
impress sb. sth.
sb.be impressed sth.
某事物给
某人留下
深刻印象
(3) adj.给人印象深刻的;令人赞叹的
on
with
by/with
impressive
2.participate in 参加,参与
(1)participate sb. sth.和某人一起参与某事
participate (doing) sth.参加(做)某事
(2) n.参加者; 参与者
n.参加; 参与
with
in
in
participant
participation
3.consequence n.后果
(1)as a consequence(= consequence/as a result) 结果,因此
as a consequence of(= consequence of/as a result of)由于
the consequences of 承担/遭受/面对……的结果/后果
(be) no/little consequence无足轻重; 不重要
(2) adv.因此; 所以
in
in
take/suffer/face
of
consequently
4.adopt vi.& vt.收养,领养; 采用某种方法、政策、态度等
(1)adopt one’s 采纳某人的建议
adopt sb. 收养某人为……
(2) adj.领养的;收养的
(3) n.收养;采纳
suggestion/advice
as
adopted
adoption
5.amazement n.吃惊,惊奇
(1) amazement 吃惊地;惊讶地
one’s amazement 令某人惊讶的是
(2) adj.惊讶的
adj.令人大为惊奇的
in
to
amazed
amazing
6.reveal vt.展现,显露;揭示,揭露
reveal sth. sb. 向某人透露某事
It is that... 据透露……
reveal+clause显示……;透露……
7.sorrow n.悲伤,悲痛;不幸
(1)sorrow 对……感到悲伤/难过
one’s great sorrow令某人感到非常悲伤/难过的是
(2) adj.悲伤的,悲痛的
to
revealed
at/for/over
to
sorrowful
8.forgiveness n.原谅,宽恕
forgive vt.原谅,宽恕;免除
forgive sb. (doing) sth.因(做)某事而原谅某人
forgive me原谅我;对不起
forgive and 不记仇
for
forget
9.debt n.债务,欠款
pay one’s debt(s) 还清债务
debt 欠债
get debt 陷入债务
10.interrupt vi.& vt. 打断(某人的)讲话,中断(某人的)行动,打扰
(1)be interrupted 被……中断/打断
(2)interruption n.打断;打扰;插嘴
interruption 连续地;不受打扰地;未间断地
off
in
into
by
without
Ⅱ.重点句式
1.It takes sb.(some time) to get sth.done结构
老人花了两个小时才把自行车修好。
2.“It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他部分”的强调句型
直到昨天下午他们才开始和我们讨论主要问题。
they began to discuss the main problem with us.
It took the old man two hours to get the bike repaired.
It was not until yesterday afternoon that
3.“not only+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他成分”的倒装结构
我们不仅要参加劳动,而且要尊重他人的劳动成果。
we should respect the work of others.
Not only should we take part in labour,but also
Ⅲ.单元语法
1.一般过去时的被动语态的构成:主语+ +及物动词的过去分词+其他成分
2.过去进行时的被动语态的构成:主语+was/were+ +其他成分
3.过去完成时的被动语态的构成:主语+ +其他成分
4.过去将来时的被动语态的构成:
(1)主语+ +be+及物动词的过去分词+其他成分
(2)主语+ +be+及物动词的过去分词+其他成分
5.程度副词主要用于修饰 和 。
was/were
being done
had been done
would/should
was/were going to
形容词
副词(共47张PPT)
UNIT 10　课时作业(三)
(分值:72.5分)
[基础进阶·情境运用]
Ⅰ.语境填词(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.With a 　　　 　(sorrow) sigh she folded the letter and put it away.
2.He was annoyed at having his sleep 　　　 　(interrupt).
3.It was an 　　　　(legal) act and would lead to your arrest.
4.Press these two keys to switch between 　　　 　(document) on screen.
5.The vote yesterday appears to mark something of a 　　　　(turn) point in the war.
sorrowful
interrupted
illegal
documents
turning
6.Angela reasoned with Simon,trying to persuade him 　　 　　(change) his mind,but Simon would not listen to her.
7.Well equipped,they set out 　　　 　(break) the record for cross-channel swimming.
8.There are two desks in my study,the smaller of which 　　 　　(belong) to my daughter.
to change
to break
belongs
9.Studies show that 　　 　　 (forgive) reduces anger,nervousness and stress.
10.When climbing Mount Tai,I kept telling myself I was following in the footsteps of 72 　　　 　(emperor) and Confucius.
forgiveness
emperors
Ⅱ.单句情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.很明显,我们需要更多的实践。(it is +adj.+that...)
It is obvious that we need more practice.
2.他帮助人并不期待任何回报。(in return for)
He didn’t expect anything in return for his help.
3.不管开心还是难过,她总是试着保持微笑。(whether... or...)
Whether happy or sad,she always tries to keep smiling.
4.他不但读了这本书,而且记得所读的内容。(not only...but also...)
He not only read the book,but also remembered what he had read.
5.引起观众们兴趣的是这个年轻人如何学会了五种外语。(强调句型)
It was how the young man had learnt five foreign languages that aroused the audience’s interest.
[话题延伸·素养升华]
Ⅰ.阅读(共8题;每题2.5分,共20分)
A
While you are studying or working abroad,sharing an apartment with people from other cultures is a great way of getting the most out of a period from the beginning.This is a situation to which it will take some time to adapt.Here are some tips to make the process go smoother.
Start by being aware of your own culture,values and attitudes.Understand that people who have not grown up in the same country or context as you can sometimes translate some of your behaviour in the wrong way.To avoid this,seek advice from your friends and family to find out more about what type of person you are and what you might come across when it comes to people who don’t know you.You might also consider conducting a little research about what type of stereotypes (成见) other cultures might hold about the people of your own country.
Be understanding and patient.Now that you know that people are all different,be understanding when you get to know them.Try to be open-minded so that you can start off on the right foot.This will promote communication with them.To get to know each other better,plan to spend some time doing what each of you likes to do in your spare time.You can cook meals together,go out to the town,listen to music,take a weekend trip and play some board games.Moreover,
the other person might be from a place where people do not usually do these activities.The opportunities to learn from each other are endless,but sometimes it can take some initiative (主动性) to actually make it happen.
People are more similar than you think most of the time.We grow up in such a large world with so much information everywhere and sometimes we can be misled into thinking something that we should not believe,but we have the opportunity to make up our own minds.So be kind.You don’t know where people come from and what their stories are.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要就出国学习或工作时如何与来自不同文化背景的室友相处提出了几点建议。
(　　)1.Why does the author suggest being aware of your own culture
[A]To learn to behave well.
[B]To build the sense of independence.
[C]To prevent yourself being misunderstood.
[D]To gain an insight into other cultures.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知,别人可能会误解你。再结合第三句可知,为了避免这种情况的发生,作者建议要从了解自己的文化开始。故选C。
(　　)2.What can you do for a better understanding of each other
[A]Mind your own business in spare time.
[B]Suggest some activities to do together.
[C]Involve your roommate in what you like.
[D]Team up with your roommate in video games.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“To get to know each other...to do in your spare time.”可知,可以计划在空闲时间做一些彼此都喜欢的事来增进了解。故选B。
(　　)3.What does the author intend to express in the last paragraph
[A]The world is so large and people are different.
[B]Being friendly is good for cross-cultural communication.
[C]People from different cultures should learn from each other.
[D]Go to the Internet to get more information about different cultures.
B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知,对他人友好有益于跨文化沟通。故选B。
(　　)4.What can be the best title for the text
[A]How to Study or Work Abroad
[B]How to Learn Cultures of Your Roommates
[C]How to Have a Good Time with Foreigners
[D]How to Live with People from Different Cultures
D
【解析】 标题归纳题。第一段第一句点明了文章主旨,下文则具体介绍了如何与拥有不同文化背景的室友相处,所以D项最适合作为本文标题。故选D。
B
Oliver,the CTO of a high-tech company,loved to participate in all conversations at the C-suite level,regardless of topic.He was often the first to raise his hand for a project,appeared to have infinite capacity to get high-quality work done,and offered to assist his peers and direct reports.Oliver seemed to be all-in; optimistic,energetic,supportive,and someone who contributed to everyone.
However,the more Oliver participated,the more others around him were slighted.Instead of sparking creativity in others,his ideas outshone everyone else’s.He consumed time speaking in meetings,exhausting the oxygen level in the room.Oliver felt pumped up by how many of his ideas had been deployed but frustrated by others’ lack of sufficient effort.
While the CEO appreciated Oliver’s yield,she recognised he had to change his approach to keep the rest of the team productive.In response,
Oliver worked out a plan to help address his cooperation challenges using techniques many other executives had deployed.
When we over-participate,we believe that we’re being helpful.However,
“helpfulness” is defined by the recipient,not the giver.Instead of improving his relationships with colleagues,Oliver robbed them of fulfillment by furnishing masses of ideas.They felt discouraged,interrupted,and excluded.To fix the issue,
Oliver learnt the value of asking two specific questions before offering his own ideas:“What have you thought of ” and “What would be most helpful for you at this point ” Surveying others to understand what’s helpful illuminates better avenues for our contribution:directly through our ideas,through coaching colleagues to create their own,or by building on what someone else has generated.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了Oliver对工作很热情,但是他的过度参与反而降低了团队的工作效率,他参与得越多,他周围的人就越受冷落。于是Oliver通过倾听他人的声音来指导同事创造他们自己的想法,从而提高团队工作效率。
(　　)5.What can we learn about Oliver
[A]He lacks creativity.
[B]He favours competition.
[C]He works enthusiastically.
[D]He behaves irresponsibly.
C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知,Oliver对工作很热情。故选C。
(　　)6.What is a result of Oliver’s over-participation
[A]The team generated more diverse ideas.
[B]Oliver’s colleagues became less productive.
[C]Group meetings were more time-consuming.
[D]Oliver’s teammates were inspired to work harder.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知,Oliver参与得越多,其他同事就越沮丧、不受重视、无法激发创造力,即Oliver过度参与的结果是同事们的工作效率降低了。故选B。
(　　)7.What technique did Oliver employ to fix the issue
[A]Hearing others’ voices.
[B]Providing specific ideas.
[C]Strengthening his leadership.
[D]Building strong relationships.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“To fix the issue,Oliver learnt the value of asking two specific questions...or by building on what someone else has generated.”可知,Oliver通过问其他同事问题,倾听他人的声音来解决这个问题。故选A。
(　　)8.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
[A]When Leaders Fail to Keep the Team Productive
[B]When Contributing Gets in the Way of Cooperating
[C]How a Great Team Welcomes Ideas in a Discussion
[D]How Active Participation Gives Rise to a Better Team
B
【解析】 标题归纳题。根据最后一段并结合文章主要讲述了Oliver对工作很热情,但是他的过度参与(对团队的贡献)反而降低了团队的工作效率,他参与得越多,他周围的人就越受冷落,不利于合作。于是Oliver通过倾听他人的声音来指导同事创造他们自己的想法,从而提高团队工作效率。由此可知,B项“当贡献妨碍合作时”最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Have you ever watched a silent television show and tried to predict how the characters were feeling according to their body language The ability to understand people’s body language is a skill that’s almost born inside of us.1.　　　.This skill develops as we grow older,which is called non-verbal communication.
E
Body language helps us communicate what we’re feeling without saying much at all.Think about a time when you were very angry.Did you clench
(咬紧) your teeth Did your palms get sweaty when you were anxious In most cultures,these cues (线索) that reveal emotional states are quite common.
But gestures have specific meanings across different cultures.Take touch for example.2. 　.In India,however,the ideal way to greet someone is by touching their feet,not by shaking their hands.
G
In some places,gestures meaning hellos and goodbyes and touches indicating friendship and love are all the same.But the problem arises because some gestures have vastly different meanings in different cultures.For example,the “OK” symbol is used as a superb symbol in India,but in Türkiye,this symbol is considered offensive (冒犯性的).3.　　　.
C
So,what should we do Should we not use gestures at all Of course not.4.　　　.No matter how much we try to stop ourselves,we will end up communicating non-verbally in some way or another.
5.　　　,you’d better make a quick search on the Internet or turn to a comprehensive book to better interact with the locals,and avoid offending them during your stay!
F
B
A.It was a very kind and thoughtful gesture
B.So,the next time you decide to travel to another country
C.When you flash the “OK” sign there,you’re asking for a fight
D.They also use a system of sounds and body language to communicate
E.Even the smallest children can figure out when their mothers are mad
F.Gestures are something that comes with the language of communication
G.A general way of saying “Hello” in western culture is a brief handshake
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是肢体语言及不同地区肢体语言的差异。
1.【答案】 E
【解析】 根据上文“The ability to understand people’s body language is a skill that’s almost born inside of us.”可知,上文告诉我们理解他人肢体语言的能力几乎是我们天生的技能,E项(即使最小的孩子也能通过肢体语言知道妈妈什么时候生气了)能够承接上文,举例说明理解他人肢体语言的能力几乎是我们天生的技能。故选E。
2.【答案】 G
【解析】 根据下文“In India,however,the ideal way to greet someone is by touching their feet,not by shaking their hands.”可知,下文告诉我们在印度,问候某人的理想方式是触摸他们的脚,G项能够引起下文,分别介绍了西方和印度问候某人的方式,西方是简短的握手,印度是触摸他们的脚。故选G。
3.【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文“For example,the ‘OK’ symbol is used as a superb symbol in India,but in Türkiye,this symbol is considered offensive (冒犯性的).”可知,上文告诉我们在土耳其,“OK”符号被认为是冒犯性的,C项(你在那里做“OK”手势时,你是在要求打架)能够承接上文。故选C。
4.【答案】 F
【解析】 根据上文“So,what should we do Should we not use gestures at all Of course not.”可知,上文提出问题,既然各地的手势语不同,我们应该完全不使用手势吗 F项(我们应该使用手势语,因为手势是伴随着交流语言而来的东西)能够承接上文。故选F。
5.【答案】 B
【解析】 根据下文“you’d better make a quick search on the Internet or...
and avoid offending them during your stay! ”可知,下文告诉我们可以通过在网上快速搜索,或者求助于一本综合性的书来了解当地人的肢体语言,B项能够引起下文,即下次你决定去另一个国家旅行时,先在网上快速搜索,或者求助于一本综合性的书来了解当地人的肢体语言,以便更好地与当地人互动。故选B。
Ⅲ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
Australia has always been at the top of my travel bucket list,with
1.　　　(it) sunshine,unique wildlife and laid-back lifestyle.Upon realising that I could incorporate (将……纳入) an academic exchange into my Public Health degree,it suddenly hit me 2.　　　　 this would be my golden ticket to the land.
While studying there,I lived in a nearby apartment.3.
(surround) by mostly Australian students and attending the 4.
(culture) activities organised in the local community really allowed me to get the most out of my experience abroad.
its
that
Being surrounded
cultural
I soon found that the people around me are friendly.A handful of friends gave me some 5.　　　 　(invite) and introduced me to their families.I 6.　　　 　(show) around their hometowns.These experiences made it possible for me to learn what it’s 7.　　　　(true) like to grow up and live in Australia.
One of the major challenges,8.　 　 which I was faced while abroad,was understanding Australia’s unique slang.
For those students going on exchange,don’t be afraid 9.　　　　(step) to the unknown.Go outside of 10.　　　 comfort zone and take full advantage of your time abroad!
invitations
was shown
truly
with
to step
the
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者在澳大利亚读书期间参加了各种活动,丰富了自己在国外求学的经历。
1.【答案】 its　
【解析】 考查代词。修饰后文名词sunshine应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
2.【答案】 that　
【解析】 考查名词性从句。it是形式主语,代替后面的主语从句,从句“this would be my golden ticket to the land”中不缺少成分,用that引导。故填that。
3.【答案】 Being surrounded　
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式,作主语,且与I构成被动关系,应用being done形式。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Being surrounded。
4.【答案】 cultural　
【解析】 考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词作定语。故填cultural。
5.【答案】 invitations　
【解析】 考查名词。作宾语,表示“邀请”,应用名词invitation,some修饰可数名词复数。故填invitations。
6.【答案】 was shown　
【解析】 考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。主语与谓语构成被动关系,动作发生在过去,用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为I,谓语用单数。故填was shown。
7.【答案】 truly　
【解析】 考查副词。此处应用副词truly作状语。故填truly。
8.【答案】 with　
【解析】 考查介词。短语“be faced with...”表示“面对”。故填with。
9.【答案】 to step　
【解析】 考查动词不定式。be afraid to do sth表示“害怕做某事”。故填to step。
10.【答案】 the　
【解析】 考查冠词。此处特指“舒适区”,应用定冠词the。故填the。(共105张PPT)
　
Part 2
Lesson 3,Writing Workshop,Viewing Workshop
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1.clasp 　　　vt.
n.
2.tear-stained adj.
3.orphan n.
4.sigh n.& vi.
5.bare adj.
6.shiver n.& vi.
阅读单词
握紧,抱紧
紧握,紧抱
有泪痕的
孤儿
叹息,叹气
空的,无装饰的;赤裸的,裸露的
颤抖,哆嗦,发抖
7.bone n.
8.sob n.& vi.& vt.
9.pillow n.
10.dive vi.
11.frown vi.
12.resolutely adv.
骨头;骨质物
抽噎,啜泣;哭诉
枕头
扑向,急冲进;跳水,潜水
皱眉
坚决地,坚定地
1. vi.& vt.收养,领养;采取某种方法、政策、态度等
2. vt.展现,显露;揭示,揭露
3. n.绝望
4. n.& vi.胆敢,敢于
5. vi.有吸引力
vi.& vt.呼吁,恳请;上诉
核心单词
adopt
reveal
despair
dare
appeal
运用单词
1.freeze vi.& vt.呆住;突然停止;(使)结冰,(使)冻结→ adj.冰冻的;冻僵的→ adj.极冷的
2.amazement n.吃惊,惊奇→ v.使惊奇;使惊愕→ adj.令人大为惊奇的→ adj.惊讶的
3.investigate vi.& vt.查明,调查,侦查→ n.调查→ n.调查者;侦查员
frozen
freezing
amaze
amazing
amazed
investigation
investigator
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1. 　　惊讶地
2. 突然……起来(尤指唱歌、哭、笑等)
3. 继续进行,继续做
4. 寄出;给……送行
5. 在绝望的深渊中
6. 安置某人睡觉
in amazement
burst into
proceed to do
send off
in the depths of despair
put sb to bed
7. 对某事做出决定
8. 放火烧……
9. 吸引某人
10. 渴望……
decide on sth
set...on fire
appeal to sb
be eager to
重点句型
1.她一下坐到桌边的椅子上,扑到桌上,脸埋在臂弯里,放声大哭。
on a chair by the table, on it,and
in them,she proceeded to cry stormily.
2.……没必要为这事儿哭成这样。
... cry so about it.
Sitting down
throwing her arms
burying her face
there’s no need to
3.你明明知道这一定是我度过的最糟糕的一晚,还说什么晚安呢
How can you call it a good night when you know

4.玛丽拉收拾完盘子,紧紧地皱着眉头,也回到房间休息了。
,when she had put her dishes away,went Marilla,frowning most resolutely.
it must be the very worst
night I’ve ever had
And to bed
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
■
■
1.主题语境:人与社会——小女孩安妮被送到农场收养
2.语篇类型:记叙文
3.课文内容分析:在爱德华王子岛上的农场里生活着马修和玛丽拉姐弟两人。他们想收养一个男孩子来农场帮忙,结果送来的却是女孩安妮。看到他们失望的表情后,安妮又哭又闹,他们只好努力去安慰她。阅读本文,有利于培养学生从情感上理解他人并帮助他人的能力。
多维解读·深度剖析
■
■
amazed
tears
despair
appetite
Frowning
精研细读·深层理解
■
■
1.Why was Marilla amazed when she first saw Anne
Anne was a girl,but she wanted to adopt a boy.
2.Why did Anne cry after she heard Marilla and Matthew’s dialogue
Because she knew she wasn’t wanted by them.
3.For what purpose did the author describe the room Anne slept in
To create an atmosphere where Anne felt upset.
4.What’s the main idea of this passage
It mainly tells us how Marilla and Anne felt after they met and how Marilla treated Anne.
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
◆adopt vi.& vt.收养,领养;采取某种方法、政策、态度等
1.They apply to adopt a boy from an orphanage as they need help on their farm.
由于他们的农场需要帮忙,他们申请从孤儿院收养一名男孩。
归 纳 拓 展
(1)adopt one’s suggestion/advice 采纳某人的建议
adopt sb.as收养某人为……
(2)adopted adj.领养的;收养的
(3)adoption n.收养;采纳
(4)adoptive adj.收养的
With various methods adopted to attract more visitors,the city is becoming more and more popular.
采取了各种方法吸引更多的游客后,这座城市变得越来越受欢迎。
The government is planning to adopt a more environmentally friendly energy policy to reduce carbon emissions.
政府正计划采纳一项更加环保的能源政策,以减少碳排放。
The couple adopted a child,who quickly adapted to the new life and has brought much joy to them.
这对夫妇领养了一个孩子,这个孩子很快就适应了新生活,并给他们带来了许多欢乐。
一语串记“adopt”家族
The couple adopted the suggestion of their friends and relatives and adopted a boy.The adopted child was very obedient to them,which made them believe that the adoption was worthwhile.
这对夫妇采纳了朋友和亲戚的建议,收养了一个男孩。养子很听话,这使他们相信收养是值得的。
巧学助记
温馨提示
adopt 及物动词,意为“采纳;收养”。
adapt 及物动词或不及物动词,意为“(使)适应;改编”,adapt to意为“适应”。
单句语法填空
①If I 　 　　 　(adopt) his advice,I would have achieved my goal on schedule.
②The young couple were persuaded to 　 　the poor boy and at a minimum,
the 　　　 　 could guarantee the 　　 　　boy a secure life.(adopt)
完成句子
③Since he 　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　(采取了科学的学习方法),he has made great progress in English.
语境运用
had adopted
adopt
adoption
adopted
adopted scientific learning methods
◆amazement n.吃惊,惊奇
2.But when her eyes fell on the odd little figure in the stiff,ugly dress,with the long red hair and the eager,bright eyes,she froze in amazement.
但当她的目光落在那个衣服不合身又难看、长着红色长头发、眼睛热切而明亮的古怪小人身上时,她惊呆了。
归纳 拓展
(1)amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的
It is amazing that...令人惊奇的是……
(2)amazed adj.惊讶的
be amazed at/by/that...对……感到惊讶
be amazed to do sth. 对做某事感到惊奇
(3)to one’s amazement 令某人惊讶的是
in amazement 吃惊地;惊讶地
(应用文写作之新闻报道) All the students were amazed at our rich culture,
saying that this visit was really a cultural feast.
所有的学生都惊叹于我们丰富的文化,说这次访问真是一场文化盛宴。
(读后续写之情感描写) To her amazement,she found that nearly all the neighbours came.
她惊奇地发现几乎所有的邻居都来了。
be amazed at/by/that...对……感到惊讶
to one’s amazement 令某人惊讶的是
温馨提示
(much) to one’s amazement令某人感到(非常)惊讶的是,相当于to one’s (great) amazement
单句语法填空
①He had an 　　　　 look on his face when seeing the 　　　　 scenery in the countryside.(amaze)
②Students were amazed 　　　 (find) the lessons of this teacher attractive.
amazed
语境运用
amazing
to find
完成句子
③(读后续写之神态描写) Jack gazed at Mary 　　　　　 　(惊讶地)and shook his head in disbelief.
④(读后续写之心理描写) 　　　　　　　　 　　　　 (既惊讶又尴尬),the girl rushed out of the room with hands covering her face.
⑤(读后续写之情感描写) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 　 (令我非常惊讶的是),it was my ideal university that admitted me,which made me float on air.
in amazement
Amazed and embarrassed
To my great amazement/Much to my amazement
◆reveal vt.展现,显露;揭示,揭露
3.The child raised her head,revealing a tear-stained face.
那孩子抬起头,露出一张泪痕斑斑的脸。
归 纳 拓 展
reveal sth.to sb. 向某人透露某事
It is revealed that... 据透露……
reveal+clause 显示……;透露……
He reveals his true character to very few people.
他没有向什么人显露过他的真实性格。
It was revealed that important evidence had been hidden.
据透露,重要的证据被隐瞒了。
reveal sth.to sb. 向某人透露某事
It is revealed that... 据透露……
完成句子
①她没有把这个秘密透露给朋友。
She didn’t 　　　　　　　　　 her friends.
②细读此文就会看出他当时很绝望。
A closer reading of the text 　　　　　　 he was desperate at that time.
③据透露,他有几百万美元的存款。
　　　　　　　　 he has millions of dollars in savings.
语境运用
reveal the secret to
reveals that
It is revealed that
◆send off 寄出;给……送行
4.We’re not going to send you off tonight.
今晚我们不会送你走的。
归 纳 拓 展
send for派人去请
send out分发;散发
send back退回;送回
I would like to know the time we are supposed to send off our friends in the airport.
我想要知道我们什么时候去机场送朋友。
In the past it was believed that flying a kite and then letting it go might send off one’s bad luck and illness.
在过去,人们认为放风筝,然后任它飞走可以送走坏运气和疾病。
完成句子
①He 　　　　　(寄出) copies to various people for them to read and make comments.
②My new shoes were a little small,so I 　　　　　　　(把它们退回去了).
③Please wait for a moment,I will 　　　　　　　　(派人去请医生).
④Those flowers in the garden 　　　 　(散发) a sweet smell.
语境运用
sent off
sent them back
send for a doctor
send out
◆investigate vi.& vt.查明,调查,侦查
5.You’ll have to stay here until we investigate this affair.
在我们搞清楚这件事之前,你先待在这儿。
归 纳 拓 展
investigation n.调查;研究
investigator n.调查员;侦查员
InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development,which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land.
(2023浙江1月,阅读理解D)
InSPIRE正在研究“低影响”太阳能开发的实用方法,重点是以一种对土地更友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场。
Investigators urged that safety procedures at the construction site be improved as soon as possible.
调查人员敦促建筑工地上的安全程序要尽快改善。
investigator n.调查员;侦查员
单句语法填空
①According to the 　　　 　(investigate),he is to blame for the accident.
②Tom worked as an 　　　 　(investigate) in a company after graduation.
③The problem 　　 　　(investigate) now.Just be patient and wait.
语境运用
investigation
investigator
is being investigated
◆particularly adv.特别;尤其
6.The acts appealing to children were particularly popular.
吸引儿童的表演特别受欢迎。
归 纳 拓 展
particular adj.专指的,格外的
be particular about/over 对……讲究/挑剔
in particular=particularly 特别;尤其
be particular to...为……所特有
She is very particular about what she wears,depending on what occasions she has to attend.
她对穿着非常讲究,这取决于她要出席什么场合。
It is particularly worrying that nobody seems to be in charge.
特别令人担忧的是,似乎没有任何人在负责。
be particular about/over 对……讲究/挑剔
语段填空
He likes to eat meats, pork ①　　　 particular.He eats so much that he has gained much weight recently and he looks ②　　　　　　 unhealthy,so his doctor advises him to cut down on what he eats especially pork. Now, he is particular ③　　 　　 what he eats,trying his best to be healthier. (particular)
语境运用
in
particularly
about/over
重点句式
◆现在分词短语作方式状语
1.Sitting down on a chair by the table,throwing her arms on it,and burying her face in them,she proceeded to cry stormily.
她一下坐到桌边的椅子上,扑到桌上,脸埋在臂弯里,放声大哭。
归纳拓展
Henry David Thoreau was happy to withdraw from social life,seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life.(2021天津
3月,单项填空)
Henry David Thoreau乐意脱离社交生活,在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。
According to the World Wildlife Fund,the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5 500,giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.
(2021全国甲,阅读理解B)
根据世界野生动物基金会的数据,全球黑犀牛的数量已经下降到5 500头,这使黑犀牛处于“极度濒危”的境况。
单句语法填空
①I like staying up late 　 　　　(watch)TV,surfing the Internet or doing something I’m fond of.
②When I returned to London in 2004,I found myself wandering down to Southbank,　　　 　(spend) hours there.
③Not 　　　 　(know) how to work out the difficult physical problem,he asked the teacher for help.
④　　　　(turn) to the left,you will find the path leading to the park.
语境运用
watching
spending
knowing
Turning
◆句中“And to bed”是完全倒装。
2.And to bed,when she had put her dishes away,went Marilla,frowning most resolutely.
玛丽拉收拾完盘子,紧紧地皱着眉头,也回到房间休息了。
归纳拓展
Present at the meeting were some experienced teachers.
出席会议的是一些经验丰富的教师。
Here are the things that you put back...(2021浙江6月,完形填空)
这是你放回去的东西……
用倒装句翻译句子
①你等了这么久的公共汽车来了。
语境运用
Here comes the bus you have been waiting for so long.
②他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。
Among these people was his friend Jim.
③坐在窗户边的年轻人手里拿着一本杂志。
By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand.
长难句分析
句中when引导时间状语从句,it must be...为宾语从句,作know的宾语,其中I’ve ever had为定语从句。
How can you call it a good night when you know it must be the very worst night I’ve ever had
你明明知道这一定是我度过的最糟糕的一晚,还说什么晚安呢
单句情境写作
①当你知道它一定是我看过的最糟糕的电影时,你怎么能说它是一部精彩的电影呢
语境运用
How can you call it a wonderful film when you know it must be the most terrible film I’ve ever seen
②当你知道这一定是他说过的最糟糕的谎言时,你怎么能说它是善意的谎
言呢
How can you call it a white lie when you know it must be the worst lie he’s ever told
进阶提升·写作微练
人物情感描写之“哭泣”
常用词汇
课文词汇
1.cry stormily　　　 　 放声大哭
2.cry oneself to sleep 哭着睡着
3.sob n.& vi.& vt.抽噎,啜泣;哭诉
4.burst into tears 突然哭起来
补充词汇
5.weep (通常因悲伤)哭泣,流泪
6.fight back tears 强忍着泪水
7.be in tears 哭泣,流泪
8.break down 感情失控(痛哭起来)
9.be close to tears/be on the verge of tears 快要哭了
10.with tears in one’s eyes 眼里含着泪水
11.have a lump in one’s throat (因感动、悲伤等)哽咽,喉咙哽住
常用句型
课文原句
1.I’m going to burst into tears!
我马上就要哭出来了!
2.Sitting down on a chair by the table,throwing her arms on it,and burying her face in them,she proceeded to cry stormily.
她一下坐到桌边的椅子上,扑到桌上,脸埋在臂弯里,放声大哭。
3.With a sob she quickly undressed,put on her nightclothes and jumped into bed...
她抽泣着,迅速脱下衣服,穿上睡衣,跳到床上……
4.And upstairs,in the east gable,a lonely,heart-hungry,friendless child cried herself to sleep.
楼上东山墙那边的房间里,一个孤独、心灰意冷、没有朋友的孩子,哭泣着进入梦乡。
其他表达
5.Tears roll/run/stream down one’s cheeks/face.
眼泪顺着某人的脸颊流下来。
6.Because he was being so kind and concerned,I broke down and cried.
因为他如此体贴关心,令我忍不住失声痛哭。
微写作训练
1.听到她母亲突然去世这个令人震惊的消息时,她崩溃了,放声大哭起来。
Hearing the shocking news of her mother’s sudden death,she broke down and burst into tears.
2.当音乐响起的时候,她静静地站着,眼泪顺着脸颊流了下来。
She stood silently,tears rolling down her face,as the music was played.
课文二次开发利用
阅读教材P14-15课文,根据其内容续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文,每段开头已经给出,续写词数150左右。
Paragraph 1:
The next morning Matthew was surprised to find that Anne was not in the bedroom.
Paragraph 2:
Now three months passed since the arrival of Anne.
[思路点拨]
1.阅读文章,掌握主旨方向
2.明确写作思路,确定续写内容
3.汇集故事线索,列出写作要点
4.优化语言,完善续写逻辑
One possible version:
The next morning Matthew was surprised to find that Anne was not in the bedroom. A cloud of worry covered him! “Where are you Anne!” He shouted in despair and searched every room for her,but in vain.Then he rushed to the garden,but there was no Anne.Suddenly,he saw a little figure beside the river.He dashed there and to his joy,it was Anne! “Anne!” He held her in his arms and cried.Anne was eating a slice of bread at that time!
Now three months passed since the arrival of Anne. She had got used to the life on the farm.Marilla treated her as if she were her own daughter.
Together they went to the farm to pick cotton,gather vegetables and look after the sheep.At weekends,Marilla,Matthew and Anne would prepare and enjoy food together! To Anne,a new life had begun.
语法专项指导
程度副词
语法原句再现
1.The festival was highly successful,attracting over 10,000 people from over 20 communities.
2.The performers were rather good and well received by the public.
3.People attending the event were mainly families.
4.The acts appealing to children were particularly popular.
请仔细观察上面句子中的黑体词汇,看看它们在句子中都起什么作用
语法知识点拨
语法梳理
一、常见的程度副词
almost 　几乎　enough 　　 足够
fairly 相当 highly 高度地;非常
greatly 非常 hardly 几乎不
much 非常 mainly 主要地;总体地
nearly 几乎 pretty 相当
quite 很 particularly 尤其;特别
rather 相当 really 的确
too 太 very 很
读读下面的句子,假若去掉其中的程度副词,看它们的意义有什么变化:
I hardly knew him.
我简直不认识他。
He did not work hard enough.
他不够用功。
I’m rather anxious about him.
我相当担心他。
We see each other almost every day.
我们几乎天天见面。
单句语法填空
①Graduates have to fight for jobs in a 　　　　 (high) competitive market.
②What does the last paragraph 　　 　　(main) talk about concerning emotional intelligence
(2021新高考全国Ⅰ,阅读D)
highly
对点小练
mainly
完成句子
③我的手抖得如此厉害,几乎都拿不住麦克风了。
My hand shook 　　　　 　　 I 　　　　　　 hold the microphone.
④她年龄太小,不辨是非,但她的姐姐现在已经长大了,可以这样做了。
She is 　　　 　　　 know right from wrong,but her sister is now
　　　　　　　 do so.
so much that
could hardly
too young to
old enough to
二、程度副词主要用于修饰形容词和副词
有的程度副词(如quite,rather,almost,greatly等)还可修饰动词,但有的(如fairly,pretty,very等)则不能修饰动词。如:
I quite like the idea.
我很喜欢这个主意。
She rather likes gardening.
她相当喜欢园艺。
I greatly appreciate your kindness.
我非常感激你的好心。
单句语法填空
①There isn’t 　　　　 (near) enough time to get there now.
②From that moment on,she never felt 　　　　 (real) well again.
③These plants are 　　 　　 (particular) useful for brightening up shady areas.
nearly
对点小练
really
particularly
1.That’s 　 　　　 (particular) true during busy summer months.(2023浙江1月,七选五)
【解析】 考查副词。修饰形容词 true 应用副词。故填particularly。
particularly
真题体验
2.It seemed that it was an 　　 　　(extreme) long way for young children,
not to mention a child with a brain disease.(2022新高考全国Ⅰ,读后续写)
【解析】 考查副词。句意:对于年幼的孩子来说,这似乎是一条极其漫长的道路,更不用说一个患有脑部疾病的孩子了。修饰形容词long应用副词。故填extremely。
extremely
3.For them,there’s something 　　 　　(high) exciting about escaping someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.(2022全国乙,完形填空)
【解析】 考查副词。句意:对他们来说,避开别人的目光,让自己无法被别人看到,这是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。修饰形容词exciting 应用副词。故填highly。
highly
4.“It has been 　　 　　(fair) rewarding,” she says—“a really positive change.”(2022浙江1月,语法填空)
【解析】 考查副词。修饰形容词rewarding应用副词。故填fairly。
fairly
单句语法填空
1.Last night,we went through the article 　　 　　(thorough) and found no mistake.
2.They could not afford to pay for transportation for their dog,Tiffy,and
　　 　　(desperate) wanted to take her with them.
(2023新高考全国Ⅱ,完形填空)
3.No matter where I buy them,one steamer is 　　　　 (rare) enough,yet two seems greedy...(2023新高考全国Ⅰ,语法填空)
thoroughly
语法专项训练
desperately
rarely
4.Here you can talk and discuss as much 　 　 possible.
5.Work hard and you will get used to it 　　 　　(gradual).
6.　　　 　(eventual),they found a way to deal with the birds.
7.I don’t work here.I am 　　　　(mere) helping my mother.
8.Football is 　　　 　(general) considered as a worldwide sport.
9.These technological developments were 　 　 (hard) imaginable 30 years ago.
10.It’s always difficult to be in a foreign country,　　 　　(especial) if you can’t speak the language.
as
gradually
Eventually
merely
generally
hardly
especially
11.The great success of the project is 　　 　(large) due to the support given by the local government.
12.As the small boat moved,　　　 　(gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
13.It is 　　　 (fair) warm today,isn’t it
14.The population almost doubles in summer,　　　　 (main) because of the jazz festival.
15.We were 　　　 　(great) encouraged by the positive response of the public.
largely
gently
fairly
mainly
greatly
写作专项指导
Writing a news report
1.文体类型:新闻报道,属于应用文体。
2.要点内容:
(1)导入:开头一般用时间、地点导入;
(2)正文:整个新闻事件的发生、发展过程;
(3)综述:对整个新闻事件进行总结阐述。
文本解读
思路指引
实用表达
(1)首段
①In order to encourage students to get close to nature,our school organised a mountain-climbing activity last Sunday.
为了鼓励学生走近大自然,上周日我们学校组织了一次登山活动。
②On May 1st,our class went to the Sunshine Nursing Home to attend a voluntary activity.
5月1日,我们班去了阳光敬老院参加志愿活动。
③It is reported that a traffic accident happened at the crossing at 8 yesterday morning.
据报道,昨天上午八点在十字路口发生了一起交通事故。
(2)中段
④The moment we got there,we received a warm welcome.
一到那里,我们就受到了热烈欢迎。
⑤We had a good time,singing and dancing.
我们又唱又跳,玩得很尽兴。
⑥Some helped the elderly clean the room and sweep the floor.
一些人帮助老人打扫房间和拖地。
⑦The activity enjoyed a great success.
这次活动很成功。
⑧It was such a wonderful day that we would remember it forever.
那是如此美好的一天,我们将永远记住它。
⑨Not only did we increase our knowledge but we also learnt to cooperate with others.
我们不仅增长了知识,还学会了与他人合作。
(3)尾段
⑩We learnt a lot from the activity.
我们从这次活动中学到了很多。
The activity benefited us a lot./The activity was of great benefit to us./The activity was very beneficial to us./We benefited a lot from the activity.
这次活动使我们受益匪浅。
佳作建构
假设你是李华,上周日你校举办了两月一次的五千米越野赛跑活动。请你为校英文报写一篇新闻报道,内容包括:
1.参加人员;
2.路线:从学校体育场到郊区的画廊;
3.活动收获。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
A Cross-country Running Race
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　 n.体育场,运动场
2.　　　　 n.郊区,近郊,城郊→　　　 　 adj.郊区的;城外的
3.　　　　 n.美术馆,画廊
4.　　　 　 adj.两月一次的;一月两次的
5.　 　　　 n.鼓励,鼓舞,起激励作用的事物
stadium
suburb
suburban
gallery
bimonthly
encouragement
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.上周日,我们学校举行了每两个月一次的五千米越野跑比赛。(hold)
Last Sunday,a bimonthly 5-kilometre cross-country running race was held in our school.
2.我们学校所有的学生和老师都参加了这次活动。(participate in)
All the students and teachers in our school participated in the activity.
3.比赛路线是从学校体育场到郊区山脚下的画廊。(at the foot of)
The race route started from the school stadium and ended at the gallery at the foot of the suburban mountain.
4.路程总共五千米。(cover)
It covered five kilometres all together.
5.每个跑步者都不遗余力地完成任务,沿途的同学都给予他们必要的帮助和鼓励。(spare no effort;with的复合结构)
Every runner spared no effort to finish the task,with their classmates along the way giving them necessary help as well as encouragement.
6.这次比赛给了我们一个很好的机会,让我们对极大的忍耐力和锻炼身体有了更深的理解。(have a deeper understanding of;as well as)
This race gives us a good opportunity to have a deeper understanding of great endurance as well as building up our bodies.
7.更重要的是,我们逐渐认识到,面对各种困难时挑战自己是我们的责任。
(It is+n.+to do sth.)
More importantly,we come to know it is our responsibility to challenge ourselves in the face of a variety of difficulties.
亮点提升
1.用现在分词作定语改写句3。
2.用现在分词作状语合并改写后的句3和句4。
The race route starting from the school stadium ended at the gallery at the foot of the suburban mountain.
The race route starting from the school stadium ended at the gallery at the foot of the suburban mountain,covering five kilometres all together.
范文展示
A Cross-country Running Race
Last Sunday,a bimonthly 5-kilometre cross-country running race was held in our school.All the students and teachers in our school participated in the activity.
　　The race route starting from the school stadium ended at the gallery at the foot of the suburban mountain,covering five kilometres all together.Eventually,
every runner spared no effort to finish the task,with their classmates along the way giving them necessary help as well as encouragement.
This race gives us a good opportunity to have a deeper understanding of great endurance as well as building up our bodies.More importantly,we come to know it is our responsibility to challenge ourselves in the face of a variety of difficulties.
写作练习
你校上周六举办了纪念国际志愿者日活动,请你为校英文报写一篇报道,内容包括:
1.活动主题;
2.活动过程;
3.你的感受。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
写作指导
One possible version:
In honour of International Volunteer Day,our school held a volunteer activity to serve the community last Saturday.
All the students participated in the activity.My class went to a nursing home at 9:00 a.m.,where we were divided into five groups to care for the elderly and tell them some health knowledge.I was in group 4 whose assignment was to help the elderly clean their windows.Besides,I also provided computer technical support to the elderly,which was welcomed by them.
By participating in such meaningful activities,not only are my interpersonal skills improved but also I have learnt when we bring our love to the people in need,our life will be more significant.(共50张PPT)
UNIT 10
单元知识巩固练习
(分值:84.5分)
[基础进阶·情境运用]
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共8题;每题1分,共8分)
1.Jimmy is 　　　　 and thus unrelated to Beth by blood.
2.The boy put his hand in the 　　　　 water and shivered with cold.
3.He is a naughty boy and his classmates are often 　　　 　 by him in class.
4.She found herself in 　 　　　(冲突,矛盾) with her parents over her future career.
adopted
freezing
disturbed
conflict
5.The newly 　　 　　(发布)data confirms breathtaking declines in African savanna elephant populations over the last decade.
6.They were 　　　 　 divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background.
7.In his opinion,greater agency 　　 　　(干涉) in businesses would represent a step backwards.
8.The salesman had a strong commercial sense of what would 　 　　　(有吸引力) to the public and which products would sell well.
released
randomly
intervention
appeal
Ⅱ.词形转换(共8题;每题1.5分,共12分)
1.I don’t really want to go.　　 　　(addition),it’s too late now.
2.The recent 　　 　　(disagree) points up the differences between the two sides.
3.It’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and 　　 　　(forgive).
4.　　 　　(encourage) is more instrumental for the development of children than blame.
Additionally
disagreement
forgiveness
Encouragement
5.As a 　　　 　 (consequent) of being in hospital,Shelly decided that she wanted to become a nurse.
6.Although she had only met the old man once,he had made a deep
(impress) on her.
7.I must offer him an 　　 　　(apologise) for my rudeness last night.
8.If you travel 　　 　　(frequent),find an agency that will change one foreign currency directly into another.
consequence
impression
apology
frequently
Ⅲ.选词填空(共8题;每题1.5分,共12分)
burst into,pay attention to,be used to doing,be based on,consist of,participate in,refer to, hang out
1.How many players does a football team 　　　　　
2.On the peak,she 　　　　　 tears,releasing all her emotions.
3.The movie that 　　　　　　　　 a real-life incident is really a hit.
4.We agreed never to 　　　　 the conflict between us from then on.
5.Women like to 　　　　　 in shops or supermarkets in their spare time.
consist of
burst into
is based on
refer to
hang out
6.He often 　　　　　　　　 different social activities to improve himself.
7.The old professor insisted that the problem requiring 　　　　　　 　 be discussed.
8.He 　　　　 　 eating out all the time.
participates in
burst into,pay attention to,be used to doing,be based on,consist of,participate in,refer to, hang out
paying attention to
is used to
Ⅳ.单句情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.我弟弟和我都不喜欢踢足球。(neither...nor...)
2.只有那些有很多共同之处的人才能相处得好。(who引导的定语从句)
Neither my brother nor I enjoy playing football.
3.没有必要使每一个人都成为科学家。(it is +adj.+that...)
It is not necessary that everyone (should) be a scientist.
Only those who have a lot in common can get along well.
4.正是在田野里,我学会了放风筝和捉蝴蝶。(强调句)
It was in the fields that I learnt to fly a kite and catch butterflies.
5.得知你在上周举行的英语演讲比赛中名列第一,我写信向你表示衷心的祝贺。(现在分词短语作状语)
Learning that you ranked first in the English speech competition held last week,I am writing to offer my sincere congratulations.
Ⅴ.单元语法填空(共5题;每题1.5分,共7.5分)
Once I lived near an airport which 1.　　　　 (build) years ago,but for some reason it 2.　　　 　 (not use) then.The year before,however,it came into use.Over a hundred people must 3.　　 　　(drive) away from their homes by the noise.I was one of the few people left.Sometimes I thought the house 4.　　 　　 (knock) down by a passing plane.I 5.　　　　 (offer) a large sum of money to go away,but I was determined to stay there because it was close to my company.
was built
was not used
have been driven
would be knocked
had been offered
[话题延伸·素养升华]
Ⅰ.阅读(共8题;每题2.5分,共20分)
A
Your biology teacher may insist that science is not a laughing matter,but scientists would argue that laughter is a scientific matter.These scientists have found a basic difference in how men and women laugh.
Jo-Anne Bachorowski and her research team recorded the laughter of 97 volunteers.The volunteers watched clips (电影片段) from funny movies.
The scientists were surprised at the variety of sounds people made when they laughed.Rarely did they hear sounds that we stereotype as laughter such as “tee hee hee” or “ho ho ho”. More often they heard vowel (元音) sounds such as those heard in “car” (aah) or “glow” (ooh).What’s more,
women tended to laugh in a more sing-song way,while men more often grunted (发出哼声).
The researchers caution that this work was limited to people in the United States,so the results may not be universal.Bachorowski predicts that cultural influences may affect what causes people to laugh,but it probably does not change how we laugh.
Although we do laugh at jokes and funny movies,80% of our laughter occurs during everyday comments in everyday social situations.Robert Provine,a neuroscientist who studies laughter,went to places such as shopping malls and collected more than 1,200 conversations.He found that the person speaking laughed 46% more than the listeners and that women laughed more often than men.Furthermore,the response to the speaker depended on the speaker’s gender.People,whether male or female,laughed more readily in response to a male speaker.The researchers also observed that laughter rarely interrupted speech.Instead,laughter came at the end of a phrase,much like punctuation following a written sentence.
Humans may be “tuned” (使协调) for laughter much in the same way that songbirds are “tuned” for song—especially their own specific family song.Certain nerve cells (神经细胞) in the songbird’s brain “fire” in response to hearing his song.Perhaps humans have specialised nerve cells that respond to laughter.After all,laughter is a specialised vocalisation,and we are “tuned” to respond to vocalisations in language.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了科学家通过研究,发现了男人和女人笑的基本区别。
(　　)1.How did Bachorowski’s team do their research
[A]By studying how people laugh globally.
[B]By analysing cultural influences on humans’ laughter.
[C]By observing everyday conversations in shopping malls.
[D]By studying sounds made by volunteers in response to funny movies.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第一、第二句“Jo-Anne Bachorowski and her research team recorded the laughter of 97 volunteers.The volunteers watched clips (电影片段) from funny movies.”可知,Bachorowski的团队是通过记录志愿者在看搞笑电影片段时发出的笑声进行研究的。故选D。
(　　)2.What did Bachorowski’s team find
[A]Men and women laugh differently.
[B]Vowel sounds are rarely heard in laughter.
[C]Cultural influences determine how people laugh.
[D]People think jokes are funnier than comedy movies.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“What’s more,women tended to laugh in a more sing-song way,while men more often grunted (发出哼声).”
可知,Bachorowski的团队发现男人和女人笑的方式不同。故选A。
(　　)3.Which of the following agrees with Provine’s finding
[A]Men laugh more often than women.
[B]Listeners laugh more often than speakers.
[C]Laughter may easily interrupt a conversation.
[D]Male speakers make people laugh more easily.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第三句“People,whether male or female,laughed more readily in response to a male speaker.”可知,男性演讲者更容易让人笑。故选D。
(　　)4.Why does the author mention songbirds in the last paragraph
[A]To describe how birds laugh.
[B]To praise the beautiful songs they sing.
[C]To explain how humans’ laughter works.
[D]To show that laughter also exists among animals.
C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可推知,作者在最后一段提到鸣禽是为了解释人类是怎样笑的。故选C。
B
While driving home after work,Jane Hodgson noticed a car pulled over at the side of the road and a crowd beginning to gather around someone who was lying on the ground.
Jane,who had completed a first-aid course at work,pulled over to see if she could offer any help—and the young injured girl turned out to be lucky to meet her.
Describing the scene she came across,Jane said,“Onlookers were ashen-faced (脸色苍白的) and looked lost.They were so shocked that they hadn’t even thought to call for an ambulance yet.”
After speaking to the emergency services,Jane started finding out what had happened and what injuries the young girl called Jenny had.The girl had been hit by a car,which hurt her head and shoulder.Her shoulder and arm were twisted (扭曲) underneath her.
“She hadn’t been wearing a helmet when she got knocked down,and I thought that she should not be moved as I couldn’t be sure about a spinal injury (脊椎损伤),but after looking her over and checking the circulation in her injured arm I did feel fairly confident that she had escaped unhurt,” said Jane.
“As we were waiting for an ambulance,the girl was feeling more and more painful.To distract her and minimise the risk of her going into shock I kept talking to her.She held my hand tightly when the pain got too much and this helped.I told her I could handle it—we laughed about that,” described Jane.
Later,a doctor from the local hospital’s ICU stopped at the scene,too.
The doctor decided that Jenny should lie on her back,making her much more comfortable until the emergency services arrived.
Thinking back,Jane said,“For me,knowing that in a way I helped that girl through a frightening experience is all the reward I need.I feel great to know I have made a difference and I will do it again.”
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述的是Jane Hodgson在下班途中看到有人发生意外并用所学的急救知识对其进行急救的故事。
(　　)5.What can we learn from the text about Jane Hodgson
[A]She is an ICU doctor.
[B]She is a first-aid trainer.
[C]She works in a local hospital.
[D]She learnt some first aid knowledge.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段可知,Jane刚刚学完急救课程,学到了急救知识。故选D。
(　　)6.When waiting for an ambulance,which of the following best describes the situation
[A]Jane tried to give Jenny confidence.
[B]Jenny went into shock.
[C]Jane was a little impatient.
[D]Jenny refused to talk.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“To distract her...laughed about that”可知,在等救护车时Jane与Jenny不断谈话,让她紧握着自己的手,以此减少疼痛,并告诉Jenny她可以应付当前情况。由此可知,Jane在不断地给Jenny信心。故选A。
(　　)7.Which of the following can best describe Jane Hodgson
[A]Strict but caring.
[B]Tough and generous.
[C]Proud but determined.
[D]Warm-hearted and helpful.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,在下班途中Jane碰到意外事故便停下来帮忙,以及下文中讲述的Jane对受伤的Jenny进行救援的过程可知,她是个热心肠又乐于助人的人。故选D。
(　　)8.What’s the main idea of this passage
[A]It is a story between two strangers.
[B]It is about how to perform first aid.
[C]It is an experience about performing first aid.
[D]It is about the importance of first aid.
C
【解析】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了Jane的一次实施急救的经历。故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
Maria was alarmed,the moment she knew I was leaving for a trip without her.She was three and I just started my new career as a new travel writer.She didn’t hold back her despair,　1　 strongly.
Maria was born during our sailing adventure.We planned to sail again when she was seven,at which time she’d be 　2　 enough for us all to enjoy family travel.But 　3　,an opportunity for a parent-child train journey through the Rockies came.When she watched me take notes about the scenery,four-year-old Maria started 　4　 an Australian couple on the train and drawing their answers in crayon (蜡笔) to prove her 　5　 as an assistant.
She was also great during other trips,like in Mexico’s Riviera Maya,
　6　 swimming and snorkelling (浮潜) under sea,which many adults dared not challenge.In Fiji (斐济),nine-year old Maria was 　7　 by the women chiefs we met and decided to become a leader.I realised how much travel was 　8　 my once glued-to-my-heel kid.
When she was admitted to a college in South Africa,it was my turn to be 　9　.My mother told me I should have expected that a kid raised sailing around the world would develop her own desire for 　10　.But during that first airport 　11　,I wanted nothing more than to stay with her longer.
When she returned,the 21-year-old girl seemed unfamiliar.But our trip to the Big Tree Trail Park helped us 　12　.Looking up at the old trees,
Maria 　13　 some of the tales I’d told her about me saving the ancient forests.I could see myself come into focus for her—not just as her mum but as a fellow 　14　.She grabbed my hand and we just walked among the trees,absorbing the moment,making another 　15　.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名旅行作家,如何带着女儿一起旅行,并看到女儿在旅行中的成长和变化。
(　　)1.
[A]revealing
[B]reacting
[C]replying
[D]approving
【解析】 根据空前“She didn’t hold back her despair”以及本段第一句“Maria was alarmed,the moment she knew I was leaving for a trip without her.”可知,作者的女儿反应(reacting)很强烈。故选B。
B
(　　)2.
B
【解析】 根据“We planned to sail again when she was seven”可知,在作者的女儿七岁时去旅行,她就足够独立(independent)了。故选B。
[A]qualified
[B]independent
[C]efficient
[D]determined
(　　)3.
C
【解析】 根据“But 　3　,an opportunity for a parent-child train journey through the Rockies came.”中的But可知,作者本打算在女儿七岁的时候去航海,但是出乎意料的是(unexpectedly),落基山脉亲子火车之旅的机会来了。故选C。
[A]unfortunately
[B]consequently
[C]unexpectedly
[D]rarely
(　　)4.
A
【解析】 根据“When she watched me take notes about the scenery”以及“drawing their answers in crayon (蜡笔)”可知,Maria开始在火车上采访(interviewing)一对澳大利亚夫妇。故选A。
[A]interviewing
[B]bothering
[C]accompanying
[D]entertaining
(　　)5.
C
【解析】 根据“drawing their answers in crayon (蜡笔)”以及“as an assistant”可知,作者的女儿在火车上采访一对澳大利亚夫妇,并用蜡笔写下他们的回答,以证明她作为助理的价值(worth)。故选C。
[A]observation
[B]appreciation
[C]worth
[D]strength
(　　)6.
A
【解析】 根据“many adults dared not challenge”可知,Maria无畏地(fearlessly)在海底游泳和浮潜。故选A。
[A]fearlessly
[B]rudely
[C]accidentally
[D]carefully
(　　)7.
B
【解析】 根据“decided to become a leader”可知,Maria被她们遇到的女酋长所吸引(fascinated),所以决定成为一名领袖。故选B。
[A]adored
[B]fascinated
[C]distracted
[D]employed
(　　)8.
C
【解析】 根据上句“In Fiji (斐济),nine-year old...to become a leader.”可知,旅行让作者女儿有了自己的梦想和追求。由此可知,旅行对孩子的影响很大。故选C。
[A]engineering
[B]challenging
[C]shaping
[D]perfecting
(　　)9.
B
【解析】 根据“When she was admitted to a college in South Africa”可知,
Maria被南非的一所大学录取,她要去上大学,和妈妈分开。此处意为“我”被抛在后面(left behind)了。故选B。
[A]concerned about
[B]left behind
[C]looked after
[D]taken with
(　　)10.
C
【解析】 根据“I should have expected that a kid raised sailing around the world”可知,一个在航海环游世界中长大的孩子会培养出自己对冒险(adventure)的渴望。故选C。
[A]knowledge
[B]friendship
[C]adventure
[D]freedom
(　　)11.
D
【解析】 根据上文可知,Maria被南非的一所大学录取,此处指在机场和作者分开(separation)。故选D。
[A]reunion
[B]celebration
[C]interaction
[D]separation
(　　)12.
A
【解析】 根据上句“When she returned,the 21-year-old girl seemed unfamiliar”以及后文“Maria 　13　 some of the tales I’d told her about me saving the ancient forests”可知,Maria回来后,和作者似乎很陌生,但她们去大树小径公园的旅行帮助她们重新建立连接(reconnect)。故选A。
[A]reconnect
[B]recognise
[C]perceive
[D]clarify
(　　)13.
A
【解析】 根据“I’d told her about me saving the ancient forests”可知,Maria回想起(recalled)作者告诉她的一些关于作者拯救古老森林的故事。故选A。
[A]recalled
[B]created
[C]imagined
[D]developed
(　　)14.
B
【解析】 根据“I could see myself come into focus for her”以及“She grabbed my hand and we just walked among the trees”可知,作者在旅行中陪伴孩子,即成为孩子的同伴(companion)。故选B。
[A]instructor
[B]companion
[C]consultant
[D]traveller
(　　)15.
C
【解析】 根据上文“Looking up at the old trees,Maria 　13　...the ancient forests.”可知,作者和女儿在树林里走着,交流旅行的往事。故选C。
[A]wish
[B]change
[C]communication
[D]memory(共42张PPT)
UNIT 10　课时作业(一)
(分值:85分)
[基础进阶·情境运用]
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共8题;每题1分,共8分)
1.There are several private 　　　　 (诊所) in my town.
2.There are different 　　　　(学说,理论) about how the brain works.
3.The waiter had our leftover food made up into two 　　 　　 (包裹) to take home.
4.Part of his account 　　　 　 (冲突) with what he told me yesterday.
5.She wore a heavy gold 　　　　(链子) around her neck.
clinics
theories
parcels
conflicted
chain
6.The heat 　　　　(释放) from the machines made the workshop hot.
7.Everyone in the community always 　　　 (羡慕) the couple’s happiness.
8.The students can choose to dine at different 　　　 　 (食堂,餐厅) in my school.
released
envies
canteens
Ⅱ.词形转换(共8题;每题1.5分,共12分)
1.Most patients make a recovery without further 　　　 　 (intervene).
2.I want to make a good first 　　 　　 (impress) on my first day of senior high school.
3.The following programme contains scenes that may be 　　 　　 (disturb) to some viewers.
4.Her words were a great 　　 　　 (encourage) to them.
intervention
impression
disturbing
encouragement
5.Bob resigned from the club following a 　 　　　 (disagree) with the head coach.
6.I 　　 　　 (apology) to you for missing our appointment yesterday.
7.　　　 　 (addition),the bus service will run on Sundays,every two hours.
8.In her study,the participants were 　　 　　 (random) divided into two groups.
disagreement
apologised
Additionally
randomly
Ⅲ.单句情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.他决定依靠自己,而不是向朋友寻求帮助。(rather than)
He decided to rely on himself rather than (to) seek help from his friends.
2.作家在写书时经常查阅词典。(refer to)
Writers often refer to a dictionary while working on a book.
3.这家公司由许多小分公司组成,它们在市场上很有竞争力。(consist of)
The corporation consists of many small branches,which are very competitive on the market.
4.当问到他为什么迟到时,他没有说话。(状语从句的省略)
When asked why he was late,he kept silent.
5.我昨天是在火车站遇见吉姆的。(强调句型)
It was at the railway station that I met Jim yesterday.
Ⅳ.语法练习——短文语法填空(共5题;每题1.5分,共7.5分)
At yesterday’s class meeting,Zhang Qun 1.　　　 　 (praise) by the teacher because he had helped a sick classmate.The fact was that when he entered the classroom yesterday morning,he found Li Ning,who had been there earlier than him,suddenly had a high fever and 2.
(trouble) by it.Zhang Qun immediately called 120 and Li Ning 3.
(send) to hospital in time.The teacher said such things had already
4.　　 　　(do) by Zhang Qun and asked us to learn from him.However,
Zhang Qun said it was his duty to help the classmates and such things
5.　　 　　 (continue) to be done afterwards.
was praised
was being troubled
was sent
been done
would continue
[话题延伸·素养升华]
Ⅰ.阅读(共8题;每题2.5分,共20分)
A
Too many people want others to be their friends,but they don’t give friendship back.That is why some friendships don’t last very long.To have a friend,you must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend to treat you.Learning to be a good friend means learning three rules: be honest; be generous (宽宏大量的);be understanding.
Honesty is where a good friendship starts.Friends must be able to trust one another.If you do not tell the truth,people will usually find out.If a friend finds out that you haven’t been honest,you may lose your friend’s trust.Good friends always rely on one another to speak and act honestly.
Generosity means sharing and sharing makes a friendship grow.You do not have to give your lunch money or your clothes.Naturally you will want to share your ideas and feelings.These can be very valuable to a friend.
They tell your friend what is important to you.By sharing them,you help your friend know better.
Sooner or later everyone needs understanding and help with a problem.
Something may go wrong at school.Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve.Turning to a friend can be a first step in solving the problem.
So to be a friend you must listen and understand.You must try to put yourself in your friend’s place so that you can understand the problem better.
No two friendships are exactly alike.But true friendships have three things in common.If you plan to keep your friends,you must practise honesty,generosity and understanding.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了交到好朋友的三个关键因
素:诚实,宽宏大量,善解人意。
(　　)1.Why do some friendships not last long
[A]Because there are too many people who want to make friends.
[B]Because those who give others friendship receive friendship from others.
[C]Because some people receive friendship but don’t give friendship back.
[D]Because some people don’t know friendship is something serious.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知,太多的人希望别人成为他们的朋友,但他们拥有了友谊却不给予回报,所以有些友谊不会长久。故选C。
(　　)2.What do we know about honesty according to the passage
[A]It is something countable.
[B]It is the base of friendship.
[C]It is as important as money.
[D]It is more important than anything else.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,诚实是一段美好友谊的开始,即诚实是友谊的基础。故选B。
(　　)3.What does the underlined word “They” refer to in the third paragraph
[A]Generosity and friendship.
[B]Generosity and sharing.
[C]Your ideas and feelings.
[D]Your clothes.
C
【解析】 代词指代题。根据第三段中的“Naturally you will want to...
valuable to a friend.”可知,分享你的想法和感受对朋友来说是非常有价值的。由此可以判断出,画线词“They”指的是“你的想法和感受”。故选C。
(　　)4.What’s the best title of this passage
[A]How to Be a Friend
[B]Honesty Is the Best Policy
[C]A Friend in Need Is a Friend Indeed
[D]Three Important Points in Life
A
【解析】 标题归纳题。根据第一段尤其是最后一句可知,交朋友意味着要学会三条规则:诚实,宽宏大量,善解人意。本文都是围绕着如何交朋友展开,
A项符合题意。故选A。
B
Many people avoid apologising because admitting to wrongdoing makes them uncomfortable.“We like to view ourselves as good people as kind and considerate,”says Ryan Fehr,a professor at the University of Washington.“Apologies force us to admit to ourselves that we don’t always live up to our own standards.We might also fear that others won’t accept our apology,further damaging our positive sense of self.For these reasons,an apology can be very difficult to give.”
For many,apologising is stressful,awkward and uncomfortable.But a heartfelt apology has positive effects.It can improve your mental health,repair damaged relationships and promote self-esteem. “Apologies act as a signal of one’s moral character,” Fehr says.
Researchers at Ohio State University have determined that effective apologies have five elements:expressing regret,explaining what went wrong,acknowledging responsibility,
offering to repair the situation and requesting forgiveness.All five aren’t necessary every time.“The more of those elements are included,the more likely the apology is seen as convincing,”says Roy Lewicki,the lead study author.“Acknowledgement of responsibility turns out to be the most important piece,followed by an explanation of why it happened and declaration of regret.”
“Sometimes,an immediate apology is called for,” says Antony Manstead,a psychology professor at Cardiff University.“But if one is angry at your wrongdoing,it may be more effective to wait,because his or her anger may stop him or her accepting an apology.Some research suggests that a delay increases an apology’s effectiveness because it conveys that the wrongdoer has had time to reflect on his or her misdeeds,” says Mara Olekalns,a professor of management at Melbourne Business School.“The best time to apologise is when one feels ready to sincerely apologise,” says Etienne Mullet,research director of the Ethics and Work Laboratory at the Institute of Advanced Studies.“There is nothing worse in these situations than insincere apologies.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要说明了道歉是一个人道德品质的标志并阐述了应如何做有效的道歉。
(　　)5.Why do many people feel uncomfortable to apologise
[A]Because they are kind and considerate people.
[B]Because they are afraid of losing face.
[C]Because they believe themselves right.
[D]Because they have high moral standards.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句可知,对许多人来说,道歉是一种有压力的、令人尴尬的、不舒服的行为。故选B。
(　　)6.What is the most important when it comes to making an effective apology
[A]To express regret.
[B]To express what went wrong.
[C]To accept responsibility.
[D]To request forgiveness.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句可知,有效的道歉中最重要的便是承担责任。故选C。
(　　)7.What can be inferred about an apology from the last paragraph
[A]The sooner,the better.
[B]The later,the better.
[C]The more often,the better.
[D]The more genuine,the better.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句可知,没有什么比不真诚的道歉更糟糕的了;也就是说道歉时,态度越诚恳越好。故选D。
(　　)8.What is the passage mainly about
[A]How you can make an effective apology.
[B]Why people avoid apologising.
[C]What benefits you can get from an apology.
[D]When you can make a heartfelt apology.
A
【解析】 主旨大意题。文章第一段指出许多人拒绝道歉;第二段讲述了真诚的道歉有积极的影响;第三、第四段就做有效的道歉进行了说明。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Trust is the basic foundation of any relationship in both professional and personal capacity.Here are some ways to build trust and be trustworthy.
Be always honest.Honesty is a virtue that must be cultivated (培养) fully if you desire to establish trust with others.Half-truths and white lies are a recipe for disaster.1.　　　
E
Communicate effectively.Poor communication is one of the main reasons why trust is unable to be sustained (维持) in any environment.The failure to clarify your stand may lead to unpleasant assumptions.2.　　　 If you want to avoid any issues,it’s important to communicate openly and freely with other involved parties in the beginning.
3.　 　 Promises are not meant to be broken.Once you make a promise,
it’s as binding (必须遵守的) as legal papers.It’s important that you honour your commitments if you’re interested in building trust.
D
A
Do not be too quick in making decisions.There is no need to take too much pressure if you’re faced with a dilemma.4.　　　 If the other part asks you to make a comment immediately and you have reservations about it,you can decline the task and say no in the beginning.
Take the necessary time.5.　　　 It’s an ongoing process that needs time to take root and develop effectively.Steady progress is possible only if it’s a regular activity;therefore,prepare to take small steps if you are looking for ways to build trust.Focus on the endgame and do not expect results in the beginning.
F
C
A.Keep your word.
B.Don’t take everything for granted.
C.Trust cannot be earned in seconds.
D.This can cause disagreements and the breaking of trust.
E.Therefore,avoid them at all costs if you are trying to build trust.
F.You’d better take the time to consider your approach from every angle.
G.Make sure you are paying attention to old and new relationships equally.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了建立信任的方法。
1.【答案】 E
【解析】 根据上文“Half-truths and white lies are a recipe for disaster.”可知,说谎是无法建立信任的,E项意义与上文一致,其中“them”指代上文中的“Half-truths and white lies”。故选E。
2.【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文“The failure to clarify your stand may lead to unpleasant assumptions.”可知,想要建立信任,必须阐明立场,否则就会导致不愉快的假设。D项进一步说明因不阐明立场而出现的假设会进一步导致分歧和不信任,与上文意义一致,符合语境。故选D。
3.【答案】 A
【解析】 空处是本段的主题句。根据后文“Promises are not meant to be broken.”可知,本段的主题是我们要遵守诺言。A项符合语境。故选A。
4.【答案】 F
【解析】 根据本段主题句“Do not be too quick in making decisions.”可知,本段强调做决定要慎重。根据下文“If the other part asks you to make a comment immediately and you have reservations about it,you can decline the task and say no in the beginning.”可知,我们可以不用立即做出决定,而是谨慎思考,甚至拒绝。F项符合语境。故选F。
5.【答案】 C
【解析】 根据本段主题句“Take the necessary time.”可知,建立信任需要花费时间。根据下文“It’s an ongoing process that needs time to take root and develop effectively.”可知,建立信任感是一个持续的过程。C 项说明信任感的建立需要花时间,与该段主题相符,与后文意义一致;且下文“It”指代的就是C项中的“Trust”。故选C。
Ⅲ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
Animals do have their own languages just as humans do.Scientists who study the evolution of language say wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) have a more complex communication system 1.　　　　 past research has shown.The researchers say the animals use over ten kinds of calls 2.　 　　　 can be combined into hundreds of different orders.
than
that/which
The study team made 4,800 recordings of calls produced by members of three groups of chimpanzees 3.　　　　 (live) in Ivory Coast’s National Park.It’s one of the last important 4.　　　 (area) of old-growth tropical forest in West Africa and home to a variety of plants and animals.
Chimpanzees stay the closest to humans.They are 5.　　　 (intelligence)
and sociable.Chimpanzees make and use tools and can 6.　　　　 (teach) a small amount of human sign language.
living
areas
intelligent
be taught
Scientists 7.　　 　　(know) that chimpanzees use different calls in 8.　　 　 wild since a long time ago.But the new study helped people
9.　　　　 (far) understand the animals’ communication.Cedric was the lead writer of the study.He spoke of the chimpanzee calls,“It is not a language but it is among the most complex forms of communication
10.　　　 　 (describe) in a non-human world.” It can be seen that the secrets of nature are still waiting for human beings to explore.
have known
the
further
described
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要说明了动物确实像人类一样有自己的语言。研究语言进化的科学家说,野生黑猩猩的交流系统比过去的研究显示的要复杂得多。
1.【答案】 than　
【解析】 考查介词。根据上文中的“more”可知,此处应该是比较级句式。故填than。
2.【答案】 that/which　
【解析】 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处为定语从句修饰先行词calls,从句缺少主语,应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
3.【答案】 living　
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,live为非谓语,且和其逻辑主语chimpanzees之间是主动关系,故此处应该用现在分词作定语。故填living。
4.【答案】 areas　
【解析】 考查名词复数。area为可数名词,且“one of the+名词复数”意为“……中之一”。故填areas。
5.【答案】 intelligent　
【解析】 考查形容词。根据下文中的“sociable”可知,此处应该用形容词作表语。故填intelligent。
6.【答案】 be taught　
【解析】 考查动词的语态。该句主语和 teach 之间是动宾关系,故应该用被动语态,且can后面跟动词原形。故填be taught。
7.【答案】 have known　
【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据下文中的时间状语 since a long time ago可知,此处应该用现在完成时。主语为复数,谓语也应为复数。故填have known。
8.【答案】 the　
【解析】 考查冠词。in the wild意为“在野外”。故填the。
9.【答案】 further　
【解析】 考查副词。分析句子结构可知,此处应该用副词further修饰动词,意为“进一步”。故填further。
10.【答案】 described　
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,describe为非谓语,且和其逻辑主语communication之间是被动关系,故此处应该用过去分词作定语。故填described。

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