资源简介

(共16张PPT)
　
单元知识回顾
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1.innovation n.新发明,新方法,新观念;革新,创新
(1) vi.革新,创新
(2) adj.革新的,创新的
innovate
innovative
2.donate vi.& vt.捐献(器官),献(血);捐赠,捐献
(1)donate... ... 向……捐赠……
(2)donation n.捐赠;捐赠物
make / to 向……捐赠
(3) n.捐赠者
to
a donation
donations
donor
3.correspond vi.通信;相符合,相一致
(1)correspond 与……通信
correspond / 与……相符合/相一致
(2)correspondence n.通信,联系;一致
correspondence with 与……通信;与……相符合/相一致
with
to
with
in
4.joint adj.联合的,共同的,共有的 n.关节
(1)joint 共同努力
(2) joint 脱臼;混乱;不太正常
(3) adv.共同地;联合地
efforts
out of
jointly
5.propose vt.提出(某观点、方法等);提议、建议;求婚
(1)propose sb. 向某人求婚
propose sth. 提议/建议做某事
propose sth. 打算做某事
propose that... sth.建议……(应该)做某事
is proposed that...(should) do sth. 有人建议……(应该)做某事
(2) n.提议,建议;求婚
to
doing
to do
(should)do
It
proposal
6.overcome vt.克服(困难),控制(感情);征服,战胜
be overcome 被(烟、毒气等)熏倒;被……击垮/占据
be overcome 为……所压倒
by
with
7.decline vi.& n.减少,降低;衰退 vt.(婉言)拒绝,谢绝
(1)decline (from...) ... (从……)下降/减少到……
decline 下降/减少了……
decline sth. 拒绝做某事
(2) decline= the decline 在下降,在衰退
fall/go a decline 开始衰落,走下坡路
to
by
to do
in
on
into
8.in spite of 虽然;不顾;尽管……(仍……)
(1)in spite of= 虽然,尽管
in spite of/despite the fact ...虽然/尽管……
(2) 不管,不顾
despite
that
regardless of
9.reflect v.反映;考虑,思考
(1)reflect / 仔细考虑/沉思/反省
reflect sb./sth. sth.(从某物中)映出某人/某物的影像
reflect sth. sth. 从某物(表面)反射(光、热、声等)
(2) n.反映;影像;思考
(3) adj.反光的;沉思的
on
upon
in
from
reflection
reflective
10.availability n.可能性;可得性;可用性
(1)the availability ...……的可能性
(2)available adj.可获得的;可利用的;有空的
be available 可用于……
be available sb.对某人来说是可使用的/可得到的
be available sth.可用来做某事
of
for
to
to do
Ⅱ.重点句式
1.有很多作业要做,我决定不和你一起去看表演。(with复合结构)
,I decided not to watch the performance with you.
2.一旦我下决心做一件事情,没有人能够阻止我。(stop sb. from doing)
Once I am determined to do a thing, .
With a lot of homework to do
no one can stop me from doing it
3.毫无疑问,成功源于我们不断付出的努力而非运气。(rather than)
There is no doubt that success comes from the efforts we have been constantly making .
4.由于正在调查这场火灾的起因,消防员们没有胃口吃顿好饭。(现在分词短语作状语)
,the firemen had no appetite for a good meal.
rather than luck
Investigating the cause of the fire
5.没有你的帮助,所有的这一切都无法实现。(without)
,all of this wouldn’t have come true.
Without your help
Ⅲ.单元语法
1.多个形容词修饰一个名词时的顺序排列规律:与 关系最远的形容词放在最前边,关系最近的最靠近该 。
2.修饰形容词的一般是程度 。
3.用分词构成的复合形容词包括用 构成和用 构成。
4. 可与名词(一般用单数)构成复合形容词,表示时间、度量等。
名词
名词
副词
过去分词
现在分词
基数词(共102张PPT)
UNIT 12　INNOVATION
[头脑风暴·思维发散]
In recent years,among Chinese technological innovations,four have earned a reputation as China’s “four great new inventions”.They are high-speed railway,mobile payment,bicycle-sharing,and online shopping,
which have added great convenience to daily life.
Can you add more examples of China’s recent innovations
　
Part 1
Topic Talk,Lesson 1,Lesson 2
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1.well-being　　 n.
2.vitamin n.
3.labour-saving adj.
4.device n.
5.microscope n.
6.correspond vi.
7.satellite n.
阅读单词
健康,幸福,舒适
维生素
节省劳力的
设备,装置;修辞手段
显微镜
通信
人造卫星;卫星
8.orbit n.
vi.& vt.
9.split vi.& vt.
10.particle n.
11.outspoken adj.
12.relativity n.
13.mould n.
14.penicillin n.
轨道
沿轨道运行
分割,把……分开;分成(不同部分)
粒子,质点
坦率的,直言不讳的
相对性
霉,霉菌
青霉素,盘尼西林
15.outcome n.
16.navy n.
17.missile n.
18.tube n.
19.circuit n.
20.coincidence n.
21.incubation n.
22.elaboration n.
结果,后果
海军
导弹,飞弹
圆管,管子;电视显像管,阴极射线管
电路,线路;环形道路
运气;巧合
孵化
详尽说明,阐述
1. 　 n.垃圾
2. adj.立刻的,马上的
3. vt.发射;发动,发起,开始从事
4. adj.恒久不变的;持续不断的,经常发生的
n.常量,恒量
5. n.研究的结果;发现
核心单词
garbage
instant
launch
constant
finding
6. num.百万
7. adj.联合的,共同的,共有的
8. vt.提出(某观点、方法等)
million
joint
propose
运用单词
1.entertainment n.娱乐活动,娱乐节目→ v.娱乐,使快乐
2.gifted adj.有天赋的,有才华的→ n.礼物;天赋
3.productive adj.多产的;丰饶的;富有成效的→ v.生产→
n.产品,制品→ n.生产者
4.scientific adj.科学(上)的→ n.科学→ n.科学家
entertain
gift
produce
product
producer
science
scientist
5.donate vi.& vt.捐献(器官),献(血);捐赠,捐献→ n.捐赠,捐献→
n.捐赠者
6.biologist n.生物学家→ n.生物学→ adj.生物学的
7.accuracy n.准确性;精准度;正确,准确→ adj.精确的,准确的→
adv.精确地,准确地
8.physicist n.物理学家→ n.物理学→ adj.身体的;客观存在的
donation
donator
biology
biological
accurate
accurately
physics
physical
9.efficiently adv.有效率地,高效能地→ adj.有效的→
n.效率
10.clueless adj.一无所知的,一窍不通的→ n.线索,提示
11.evaluation n.评估,评价→ vi.& vt.评价;估价
efficient
efficiency
clue
evaluate
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1. 　　　 致力于
2. 更不用说
3. 范围从……到……
4. 算出;想出
5. 挑出;挑选
6. 期待去做某事
7. 与某人交流
be committed to
not to mention
range from...to...
figure out
single out
expect to do sth.
communicate with sb.
8. 致力于;献身于
9. 被转变成……
10. 浮现在某人的脑海
11. 某人突然想起
12. 灵光一闪
13. 巧合,碰巧
be dedicated to doing
be transformed into
come into sb.’s mind
occur to sb.
a flash of insight
by coincidence
重点句型
1.1905年夏天,这个坦率的年轻人给他一岁的孩子晃动摇篮时,突然受到
启发。
In the summer of 1905,this outspoken young man his one-year-old baby he was suddenly inspired.
2.它有18,000个显像管,数千条电路和6,000个开关,耗电量异常巨大,以至于当它启动的时候,当地所有的灯都熄灭了!
With 18,000 tubes,thousands of circuits and 6,000 switches,it used
energy when it was turned on,the lights in the local town went out!
was rocking
when
so much
that
3.计算机能互换信息,可使政府领导人相互沟通。
,it would enable government leaders to communicate with each other.
4.如果没有这些先驱所取得的科技突破,无论这些突破是偶然发现的还是计划之中的,我们今天所熟知的世界将是一个完全不同的地方。
the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology,
whether lucky or planned,the world as we know it today a completely different place.
With computers talking to one another
Without
would be
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
■
■
1.主题语境:人与自然——20世纪伟大的科学成就和先驱人物
2.语篇类型:说明文
3.课文内容分析:本文介绍了20世纪人类在医学、信息、交通以及对宇宙的认识方面的突破和几位伟大的科学先驱。阅读本文,有利于培养学生爱科学、学科学,造福人类的美好情操。
多维解读·深度剖析
■
■
causes
writing
sending
launching
relativity
invented
精研细读·深层理解
■
■
1.What aspects of discoveries or inventions are mentioned in the passage
Our knowledge of the world and space,medicine,communications and transport.
2.How did Fleming like his discovery
He remained humble about the amazing outcome of his discovery,saying “Nature made penicillin.”
3.For what purpose did the US Navy ask Eckert and Mauchly to produce a machine
To improve the accuracy of the missiles.
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
◆innovation n.新发明,新方法,新观念;革新,创新
1.Every once in a while,a new technology,an old problem,and a big idea turn into an innovation.
时不时地,一项新的技术,一个旧的问题和一个大的想法就会变成一种创新。
归 纳 拓 展
(1)innovate vi.革新,创新
(2)innovative adj.革新的,创新的
Technological innovations,combined with good marketing,will promote the sales of these products.
技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合,将促进这些产品的销售。
To grow the business,he needs to develop management expertise and innovation across his team.
为了拓展业务,他需要提高其团队的管理技能和创新能力。
We must constantly adapt and innovate to ensure success in a growing market.
我们必须不断地适应并创新,以确保在不断扩大的市场中取得成功。
There will be a prize for the most innovative design.
将设立一项最具创意设计奖。
单句语法填空
①We should encourage 　　　　 (innovate) in teaching.
②He was one of the most creative and 　　　 　 (innovate) engineers of his generation.
③With greater knowledge transfer comes a greater ability
(innovate).
语境运用
innovation
innovative
to innovate
◆donate vi.& vt.捐献(器官),献(血);捐赠,捐献
2.Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to staging operations to replace diseased organs with donated ones.
医学上的进步范围很广,从利用显微镜揭示病因,到施行手术,用捐赠的器官做器官移植。
归 纳 拓 展
(1)donate...to...向……捐赠……
(2)donation n.捐赠;捐赠物
make a donation/donations to 向……捐赠
(3)donor n.捐赠者
Donate whatever clothes are left over.(2021全国甲,七选五)
把剩下的衣服都捐出去。
They used to donate a large sum of money to the Red Cross every year.
他们过去每年都向红十字会捐赠一大笔钱。
Employees in their company make regular donations to charities.
他们公司的员工定期向慈善机构捐款。
donate...to...向……捐赠……
make a donation/donations to
向……捐赠
单句语法填空
①Someone donated a black dress with white dots 　　　　 her.
②A wealthy businessman came to their rescue with a generous
(donate).
③The heart transplant will take place as soon as a suitable 　　 　 (donate) can be found.
to
语境运用
donation
donor
完成句子
④那个商人每年都向慈善机构捐款。
The businessman 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 the charity every year.
makes a donation/donations to
◆correspond vi.通信;相符合,相一致
3.Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones,and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages.
移动电话的使用给通信业带来了改变,通信方式从写信到发电子邮件和发送即时信息。
归 纳 拓 展
(1)correspond with 与……通信
correspond to/with 与……相符合/相一致
(2)correspondence n.通信,联系;一致
in correspondence with与……通信;与……相符合/相一致
(3)corresponding adj.符合的;相应的;相关的
(应用文写作之征集创意)We welcome correspondence from students on how to organise the coming traditional culture festival.
关于如何组织即将来临的传统文化节,我们欢迎学生联系。
I have been in correspondence with my pen pal for years.
我和我的笔友保持通信已经好几年了。
in correspondence with与……通信;与……相符合/相一致
Your description of the place does not correspond with mine.
你对这个地方的描述与我的不相符。
correspond to/with 与……相符合/相一致
单句语法填空
①The two artists 　　 　　(correspond) and soon started collaborating on a project.
②She has maintained a 　　 　　(correspond) with her mentor for several months.
③The economic crisis and the 　　 　　(correspond) rise in unemployment have caused great concern.
语境运用
corresponded
correspondence
corresponding
完成句子
④His opinion on this matter doesn’t 　　　　 　　　　　(与……相一致) the general consensus(共识).
correspond with/to
◆joint adj.联合的,共同的,共有的 n.关节
4.The navy turned to Eckert,an engineer,and Mauchly,a physicist,to deal with the problem and produce a machine to do the job in a joint effort.
海军求助于工程师埃克特和物理学家莫克利,两人共同制造了一台机器来解决这个问题。
归 纳 拓 展
(1)joint efforts 共同努力
(2)out of joint 脱臼;混乱;不太正常
(3)jointly adv.共同地;联合地
Jackie and Ben came to a joint decision as to where they would live.
关于他们将住在哪里是由杰基和本共同决定的。
There was something out of joint in the situation.
情况有点儿不太正常。
out of joint 脱臼;混乱;不太正常
The supermarket is jointly managed by three companies.
这家超市由三家公司联合经营。
单句语法填空
①The new regulations threw the whole system out 　　　　 joint.
②The letter was 　　 　　 (joint) signed by all the members of the group.
完成句子
③世界和平的实现需要世界人民的共同努力。
It requires 　　　　　　 　　　　 of the people of the world to realise the world peace.
语境运用
of
jointly
the joint efforts
◆propose vt.提出(某观点、方法等);提议,建议;求婚
5.During the Cold War,a “huge network” of computers was proposed by two American scientists.
冷战期间,两位美国科学家提出建立一个计算机的“庞大网络”。
归 纳 拓 展
(1)propose to sb.向某人求婚
propose doing sth.提议/建议做某事
propose to do sth.打算做某事
propose that ...(should) do sth.
建议……(应该)做某事
It is proposed that...(should) do sth.有人建议……(应该)做某事
(2)proposal n.提议,建议;求婚
make a proposal (to do sth.)/that sb./sth.(should)do...提出(做……的)建议
(应用文写作之建议信)I,on behalf of most of our schoolmates,make a proposal that we should be given more time to work out.
我代表大多数同学提出一个建议:应该给我们更多的时间来锻炼身体。
make a proposal (to do sth.)/that sb./sth.
(should)do…提出(做……的)建议
He proposed that we should go for a walk after dinner.
他提议我们晚饭后去散步。
propose that ...(should) do sth.
建议……(应该)做某事
温馨提示
propose后面的宾语从句和proposal后面的同位语从句中的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气,其中should可以省略。
一句多译
①(应用文写作之投稿征文)我建议循环利用纸张以保护森林。
→I to protect forests.
(propose doing/to do...)
→I to protect forests.
(proposal +从句)
→I to protect forests.
(propose +宾语从句)
语境运用
propose recycling/to recycle paper
make a proposal that we (should) recycle paper
propose that we (should) recycle paper
熟词生义
②When we paused to catch our breath,Steve got down on one knee.Was he proposing (2022全国甲,完形填空)
propose 熟义:v.建议,提议
生义: 　　　
v.求婚
重点句式
◆be doing...when...表示“正在做……,就在这时……”。
1.In the summer of 1905,this outspoken young man was rocking his one-year-old baby when he was suddenly inspired.
1905年夏天,这个坦率的年轻人给他一岁的孩子晃动摇篮时,突然受到启发。
归 纳 拓 展
be about to do...when...正要做……,这时……
had (just) done...when...刚做完……,这时……
They were having a meeting when Mr.Smith rushed in.
他们正在开会,就在这时史密斯先生冲了进来。
We were eating in the kitchen when the light suddenly went out.
我们正在厨房吃饭,就在这时灯突然灭了。
单句语法填空
①John 　　 　　(study) in his room when he heard screams.
②She had just finished her homework 　 　　　 her mother asked her to practise playing the piano.
③We were about 　　 　　(leave) for the supermarket when it rained heavily.
语境运用
was studying
when
to leave
◆with+宾语+v.-ing,在句中作状语。
2.With computers talking to one another,it would enable government leaders to communicate with each other.
计算机能互换信息,可使政府领导人相互沟通。
归纳拓展
He lies there,with his eyes looking at the window.
他躺在那里,眼睛盯着窗户。
We are walking in the park with some birds singing in the tree.
我们在公园散步,一些小鸟在树上歌唱。
单句语法填空
①With the problem 　　 　　(solve),the quality has been improved.
②With the couple 　　　　(work) in a nearby town,the house seems pretty empty most of the time.
③With so much work 　　 　　(do),she felt very busy and nervous.
④He often sleeps with the window 　　　　(open).
语境运用
solved
working
to do
open
长难句分析
本句是一个复合句,使用了虚拟语气,Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology,whether lucky or planned 作状语,主句为the world would be a completely different place,而as we know it today作方式状语。
Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology,
whether lucky or planned,the world as we know it today would be a completely different place.
如果没有这些先驱所取得的科技突破,无论这些突破是偶然发现的还是计划之中的,我们今天所熟知的世界将是一个完全不同的地方。
单句情境写作
①如果没有互联网,我们今天所熟知的生活将是不可想象的。
语境运用
Without the Internet,our life as we know it today would be unimaginable.
②如果没有这些伟大的发明,无论是偶然发现的还是计划之中的,我们今天所熟知的生活就不会如此美好。
Without these great inventions,whether lucky or planned,our life as we know it today would not be so beautiful.
③一个不了解自己过去的历史、起源和文化的民族,就如同一棵无根之树。
A people without the knowledge of their past history,origin and culture is like a tree without roots.
进阶提升·写作微练
情绪描写之“惊奇”
常用词汇
课文词汇
1.amazing discoveries 　　 惊人的发现
2.produce an unbelievable 产生令人难以置信
amount of energy 的巨大的能量
3.unimaginable 难以想象的
4.so much...that... 如此多……以至于……
补充词汇
5.be amazed at 对……感到惊讶
6.in surprise/amazement/shock 惊奇地
7.with one’s mouth wide open 某人张大嘴巴
8.be numb with shock/ freeze with shock 惊呆
9.believe...impossible 认为……是不可能的
10.an incredible thing 一件令人难以置信的事
11.What a surprise! 多么惊喜呀!
12.surprisingly 令人惊讶地
常用句型
课文原句
1.Amazing discoveries were made in medicine,communications and transport,not to mention our knowledge of the world and space.
医学、通信和交通方面都有惊人的发现,更别提我们对世界和太空的认识了。
2.It showed how a small piece of mass could produce an unbelievable amount of energy.
它证明了一小块物质可以产生令人难以置信的巨大的能量。
3.With 18,000 tubes,thousands of circuits and 6,000 switches,it used so much energy that when it was turned on,the lights in the local town went out!
它有18,000个显像管,数千条电路和6,000个开关,耗电量异常巨大,以至于当它启动的时候,当地所有的灯都熄灭了!
其他表达
4.It is an amazing sight.
这是一个令人惊叹的景象。
5.It’s hard to believe.
真令人难以置信。
6.I can’t believe it’s true.
我不敢相信这是真的。
微写作训练
1.当那位老人告诉了我们这些年来他所经历的一切时,我们都张大了嘴巴,感到不可思议。
When the old man told us what he had gone through over the years,we thought it unbelievable with our mouths wide open.
2.当学生们走下公交车时,詹姆斯惊讶地睁大了眼睛。
When the students stepped off the bus,James’s eyes widened in surprise.
课文二次开发利用
课文语法填空
　　The 20th century saw many amazing 1.　　 　　(discovery) and scientists.The first scientist is Albert Einstein,2.　　 　　 wrote the “theory of relativity”.And the second scientist,Alexander Fleming,discovered penicillin which could be used 3.　　　 (kill) bacteria.With the
4.　　 　　(develop) of computers,people expected to get more things 5.　　 　　(finish) efficiently.
discoveries
who
to kill
development
finished
Then in 1990,Tim Berners-Lee 6.　　 　 　(invent) the World Wide Web,
7.　　　　 allowed all the computers to communicate with each other.In
8. 　　 word,without the breakthroughs of these 9.　　 　　 (pioneer),the world would be a 10.　　 　　(complete) different place.
invented
which
a
pioneers
completely
语法专项指导
形容词
语法原句再现
1.If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century,
you would have a real problem on your hands.
2.Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones,and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages.
3.Although it is impossible to choose the most important discovery,it is possible to single out a few pioneers of the 20th century.
4.In the summer of 1905,this outspoken young man was rocking his
one-year-old baby when he was suddenly inspired.
5.Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology,
whether lucky or planned,the world as we know it today would be a completely different place.
请仔细观察上述各句中的黑体词汇,看看有什么共同点。
语法知识点拨
语法梳理
结合上述例句,今天我们来学习三点关于形容词的用法:
一、多个形容词修饰一个名词时的排列顺序问题
多个形容词修饰一个名词时,其顺序为:
限定词→一般描绘性形容词→表示大小、长短、高低的形容词→表示形状的形容词→表示年龄、新旧的形容词→表示色彩的形容词→表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词→表示物质、材料的形容词→表示用途、类别的形容词→中心词名词。
a fine old stone bridge
一座古老漂亮的石桥
two big round new Chinese wooden tables
两张新的中国式的木制大圆桌
其整体规律就是与名词关系最远的形容词放在最前边,关系最密切的最靠近该名词。
巧学助记
形容词作定语的顺序口诀:
限定描绘大长高;形状年龄和新老;颜色国籍跟材料;作用类别往后靠。
根据形容词排列规则完成下列句子
①She has a 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 jacket.(leather,brown,beautiful)
②We have a(n) 　　　　　　　　　　　　 table.(antique,small,wooden)
③It is a(n) 　　　　　　　　　　　　 song.(French,old,lovely)
④He owns a 　　　　　　　　　　　　 dog.(black,horrible,big)
⑤I saw a 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 film.(new,fantastic,British)
对点小练
beautiful brown leather
small antique wooden
lovely old French
horrible big black
fantastic new British
二、形容词的修饰语
英语中修饰形容词的一般是程度副词。
1.下列程度副词可修饰形容词或其他副词,位于形容词或副词前:
absolutely,almost,barely,completely,entirely,extremely,fairly,far,hardly,just,much,nearly,only,quite,rather,really,scarcely,so,too,very等。
You are absolutely right.
你完全正确。
I’m almost ready.
我差不多准备好了。
2.enough要放在形容词或副词之后。
The box isn’t big enough.
这个盒子不够大。
He didn’t run quickly enough.
他跑得不够快。
3.far/much+形容词/副词比较级或too+形容词/副词原级。
It is far better to say nothing.
不说话要好得多。
That jacket is too expensive.
那件夹克太贵。
单句语法填空
①The manner in which the decision was announced was
(extreme) regrettable.
②It is difficult to make a comparison with her previous book—they are
　　 　　 (complete) different.
③I was quite sure that food tasted much 　　 　　 (good) on a picnic than anywhere else!
对点小练
extremely
completely
better
三、复合形容词
(一)用分词构成的复合形容词
1.用过去分词构成。
She watched him from behind half-closed eyelids.
她半闭着眼从后面观察他。
Long ago,people travelled in horse-drawn carriages.
很久以前,人们乘坐马车旅行。
2.用现在分词构成。
It is very space-consuming.
这东西很占地方。
It was a time-consuming and fiddly job.
这是一项耗时费事的工作。
(二)表示时间、度量等的复合形容词
基数词可与名词 (一般用单数) 构成复合形容词表示时间、度量等,例如:
1.年龄。
The marrow donor is her 14-month-old sister.
骨髓捐献者是她14个月大的妹妹。
I don’t think most nine-year-old children have their teeth brushed.
我想大多数9岁的孩子不会让别人帮着刷牙。
2.面积/体积/容积。
This model is powered by a 1.8-litre petrol engine.
这一型号用1.8 升汽油发动机驱动。
3.(持续)时间/距离。
His salary was obscene for three 40-minute shows a week.
他一周只有3次节目,每次40分钟,但他的薪水高得离谱。
4.长度/深度。
The other car has a 3-centimetre lower driving seat and has its engine mounted further forward.
另外一辆车的驾驶座椅低了3厘米,引擎安装得更加靠前。
5.价格/价值。
I’ll need a five-hundred-dollar retainer.
我将收取500美元的定金。
完成句子
①工人们在河上建起了一座800米长的桥。
The workers have built 　　　 　　　　　 bridge over the river.
②那位白头发的女士和坐在她旁边的英俊的男士都是著名的作家。
The 　　　　　　 lady and the 　　　　　　 　　　　 man sitting beside her are 　　　　　　　　　　 writers.
③按传统习惯,剪纸用的是红纸,并且都是手工制作。
Traditionally,paper cuttings are made of red paper,and they are all
　　　　　　.
对点小练
an 800-metre-long
white-haired
good-looking
well-known
hand-made
1.As for Bailey,she is more 　　 　　(confuse) about why her act is considered a big deal.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ,完形填空)
【解析】 考查形容词。be confused about是固定短语,意为“对……感到困惑”。故填confused。
confused
真题体验
2.　　 　　 (difference) from traditional fables,Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.(2023全国甲,语法填空)
【解析】 考查形容词。be different from意为“与……不同”,此处用形容词作状语。故填Different。
Different
3.She said she had felt 　　 　　(confidence)all along that she would win.
(2023全国乙,完形填空)
【解析】 考查形容词。此处应用形容词构成系表结构feel confident。故填confident。
confident
4.The hutongs they formed were orderly,lined by 　 　　　 (space) homes and walled gardens.(2023浙江1月,语法填空)
【解析】 考查形容词。句意:他们建立的胡同井然有序,宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词homes。故填spacious。
spacious
5.Her pet transport job was born of the 　　 　　(finance) crisis (危机) in the late 2000s.(2022浙江1月,阅读理解A)
【解析】 考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰名词crisis。故填financial。
financial
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.After a long day’s work,I got home,　　 　　(hunger) and 　　　　 (tire).
2.It was a very 　 　　　 (frighten) experience and they were very courageous.
3.The newly issued regulations are 　　 　　 (benefit) to people with lower incomes.
4.People are 　　 　　 (confuse) about all the different labels on food these days.
hungry
语法专项训练
tired
frightening
beneficial
confused
5.The company makes wearable,beautifully cut clothes at
(afford) prices.
6.Teachers should aim to build a 　　 　　 (create) environment for students to learn.
7.　　　 　 (culture) exchanges are a way of building bridges between countries.
8.We should work hard to make our country stronger and
(beauty).
affordable
creative
Cultural
more beautiful
9.The school uses a combination of modern and 　　　 　(tradition) methods for teaching reading.
10.The teacher wants the children to feel 　　　 　 (confidence) about asking questions when they don’t understand.
traditional
confident
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.我比他小八岁。
I 　　　　　　　　　　 him by eight years.
2.整个事情彻底失败了。
The whole thing was 　 .
am junior to
a complete failure
3.他太累了,以至于伏在书桌上睡着了。
He was 　　　　　　　 　　 he 　　　　　 　 at his desk.
4.我们学校有一个新的红砖砌的大餐厅。
There is a 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 in our school.
so exhausted that
fell asleep
large new red brick dining hall
5.能当面见到我最喜欢的作者,我兴奋不已。
It 　　　　　　　　　　 to meet my 　　　　　　　　 in person.
gave me a big thrill
favourite author(共58张PPT)
UNIT 12　
单元知识巩固练习
(分值:86分)
[基础进阶·情境运用]
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共8题;每题1分,共8分)
1.A fund was 　　　 　 to set up a monument in memory of the dead.
2.In other words,the meaning lies in the Confucian classic 　　 　　 (理论) of mind.
3.We must be confident and believe that we are 　　　 　 (有天赋的) for something.
4.We need to carry out a proper 　　 　　 (评估) of the new system.
launched
theory
gifted
evaluation
5.It was 　　　 　(提出) that this matter be considered at the next meeting.
6.The main topic of conversation was the likely 　　 　　 of the election.
7.　　　 　 of people gave freely in response to the appeal for the victims of the earthquake.
8.Professors,for the most part,are firmly 　　 　　 to teaching,not research.
proposed
outcome
Millions
committed
Ⅱ.词形转换(共8题;每题1.5分,共12分)
1.Having been told about the risk of 　　　　(electricity) shocks,she is very careful while using hairdryers.
2.A lack of 　　　 　(science) knowledge can make a person ignorant.
3.Newton was a famous 　　 　　(physics),who discovered three important laws.
4.His interest in writing came from a long 　　 　　(correspond) with a close college friend.
electric
scientific
physicist
correspondence
5.The relations between the two countries have shown some
(improve).
6.Young people in China today have their own strengths,as they are ambitious,　　 　　(innovate) and also willing to contribute.
7.To improve learning 　　　 　 (efficient),students must spend more time focusing on what they are weak in.
8.As the finished 　　　 　(produce) was not correctly priced,it didn’t sell well.
improvement
innovative
efficiency
product
Ⅲ.选词填空(共8题;每题1.5分,共12分)
be associated with,be dedicated to,for the purpose of,reflect on,not to mention,lead to,rely on,figure out
1.You can 　　　　　　　　 him to help you whenever you are in trouble.
2.You should 　　　　　　　　 this problem before you make a decision.
3.China will continue to 　　　　　　　　 a low-carbon society.
4.Individual diversity will 　　　 　　 different results in second language learning.
rely on
reflect on
be dedicated to
lead to
be associated with,be dedicated to,for the purpose of,reflect on,not to mention,lead to,rely on,figure out
5.Instead of getting annoyed about this,we should try to 　　　　　　 what to do.
6.In the past few years,the smell of baking 　　 　　　　　　　　　 that little alley.
figure out
has been associated with
be associated with,be dedicated to,for the purpose of,reflect on,not to mention,lead to,rely on,figure out
7.A special period should be set aside solely 　　　　 　　　　　 carrying out an inspection.
8.There’s no electricity,running water or even textbooks,
laptops,tablets or other modern devices!
for the purpose of
not to mention
Ⅳ.单句情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.尽管他很忙,他还是来车站接我们。(despite the fact that)
Despite the fact that he was busy,he came to the station to pick us up.
2.我刚从厨房出来就有人敲门。(had done...when...)
I had just walked out of the kitchen when someone knocked at the door.
3.在日本,看到别人做这个“OK”手势的人可能会认为这意味着钱。(现在分词短语作宾语补足语)
In Japan,someone who sees another person making the gesture for “OK” might think it means money.
4.没有你的帮助,我不会在英语学习上取得这么大的进步。(without;虚拟
语气)
Without your help,I would not have made so much progress in English learning.
5.上周末我们学校组织了一次采摘活动,这次活动让我们体验了乡村生活。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
Last weekend our school organised a picking activity,which enabled us to experience the life in the countryside.
Ⅴ.单元语法填空(共6题;每题1.5分,共9分)
My school is located in the 1.　　 　　 (south) part of our city.There are many flowers and trees 2.　 　 the schoolyard,so it is very 3.　　　 　(beauty).It has three five-storey teaching buildings,two six-storey student dormitories,a three-storey office building and a laboratory building.The newly-built canteen is
4.　　 the back of the school.The 300-metre-long and 200-metre-wide playground is where we exercise.The students study 5.　　 　　 (diligent),help each other and get along well.The teachers care for the students and are 6.　　 　　 (dedicate) to their work.I like my school very much.
southern
in
beautiful
at
diligently
dedicated
[话题延伸·素养升华]
Ⅰ.阅读(共8题;每题2.5分,共20分)
A
In 2018,China became the largest producer and consumer of the fruit in the world.Wu Mingzhu,in her nineties,a native of Wuhan,is the unknown hero who has helped make this possible.
“About 80 percent of the watermelons and sweet melons served at people’s dining tables every day are the result of painful efforts made by Wu and her team over more than 60 years,”said Zhang Wenjun,a colleague of Wu’s.
Helping others has long been a dream of hers.And she thought the most beautiful thing in life is that everything you create can serve the people,so she made efforts to grow quality melons,which began paying off in 1973.She is one of the 8,000 agricultural scientists who have come to Hainan annually from across the country over the past 60 years and have cultivated(培育) more than 20,000 of China’s new seed varieties through offseason breeding.
Using innovative measures such as radiation mutation breeding,double haploid breeding and distant hybridisation breeding,Wu and her team developed new germ-plasm(种质) resources,from which they cultivated more than 30 watermelon and muskmelon(甜瓜) varieties with better adaptability and stronger disease resistance,the former director of the Xinjiang Muskmelon Research Centre said.
The new melon varieties have been promoted to more than 1.86 million hectares of fields from north to south.Some of these varieties have been promoted overseas,as far as California.Wu’s work has left her a number of honours.The “queen of melons” became an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 1999 and an honorary citizen of Sanya in 2004.
【语篇导读】 本文是新闻报道。文章报道了我国“西瓜之母”吴明珠院士的个人经历以及其贡献。
(　　)1.Why did Wu Mingzhu mainly want to grow high-end melons
[A]Because she wanted to make China the largest producer of melons.
[B]Because China is the largest consumer of melons in the world.
[C]Because she wanted to create something that could serve people.
[D]Because the Chinese government asked her to grow high quality melons.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句可知,吴明珠院士之所以培育一些高端的瓜果主要是因为她想创造出能够造福人类的事物,这是她认为最美好的事情。故选C。
(　　)2.What can we learn about from Paragraph 4
[A]Wu and her team cultivated melon varieties that could resist every disease.
[B]Wu and her team cultivated high quality melons from the new germ-plasm resources.
[C]Wu and her team cultivated 30 watermelon varieties from radiation mutation breeding.
[D]Wu and her team cultivated melon varieties that could adapt to any circumstance.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,吴明珠院士和她的团队成员通过种质资源培育出了30多种拥有更好的适应能力和更强的抗病能力的西瓜和甜瓜。故选B。
(　　)3.Which of the following about Wu Mingzhu cannot be inferred from the text
[A]She has cultivated more than 20,000 of China’s new seed varieties.
[B]She is committed to her work and makes remarkable achievements.
[C]She helped make China the largest producer of fruit in the world in 2018.
[D]She is awarded a number of honorary titles due to her contributions.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句可知,超过20 000种新型种子是由8 000多个农业科学家培育出来的。故选A。
(　　)4.What type is the text
[A]A diary entry.
[B]A book review.
[C]A physicist’s story.
[D]A news report.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。浏览文章可知,文章主要介绍了我国“西瓜之母”吴明珠院士的个人经历以及其贡献,所以推测,这是一篇介绍名人事迹的传记类新闻报道。D项符合推测,故选D。
B
The home of the future won’t be completely different and we will be living in houses and flats just as we do today.But people will want to shape their homes to match their dreams.No two homes will be the same.People will be able to buy “house kits” containing a basic house structure,with movable walls,doors and windows.They will put together the different parts to create the homes they want.
Many jobs that we do today will disappear,others will still exist but will change and new jobs will be created.Skilled workers such as builders,
gardeners and electricians won’t disappear because machines can’t replace them.Teachers will still exist because students need human contact.But they will be using modern technology in class more and students will be working more from home.The medical technology revolution and space travel will create new jobs which we can only imagine today.
Space holidays will develop in the future,but these holidays won’t be for everyone because they won’t be cheap.Short space trips will develop first,
then space hotels will orbit Earth where it will be possible to have a longer vacation.By the end of the next century,there will be holiday centres on the Moon with leisure facilities for families.
Paper won’t exist in the future.Instead,there will be e-paper which people will be able to use over and over again.This will develop in order to save natural resources.E-newspapers and e-magazines will replace traditional newspapers and magazines and we will download information and news articles from the Internet every day onto our reusable paper.
The laws of physics tell us that Earth is going to disappear sometime in the future.This isn’t going to happen tomorrow but scientists predict that it will happen in five billion years when our sun explodes (爆炸).We will have to explore the universe and find another home.At some point in the distant future,either we stay on Earth and die with it,or we leave and move to another planet.There won’t be any other choice.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章向我们介绍了未来的生活,包括我们未来的家、职业、太空旅行和可重复利用的电子纸等。
(　　)5.What will homes of the future be like
[A]They will be movable as you want.
[B]They will be different from one another.
[C]They will be very similar to our homes.
[D]They will be completely different from those of today.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“No two homes will be the same.”可知,没有两个家是一样的。由此可知,未来的家彼此之间都是不同的。故选B。
(　　)6.What does the second paragraph imply
[A]Skilled workers will face great changes.
[B]The future will witness job changes.
[C]Technology will totally replace workforce.
[D]An unimaginable life will come into being.
B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段首句可知,未来生活中,我们现在做的很多工作都将消失,有些工作将继续存在但会发生变化,同时未来还会产生新的工作,即未来将见证工作的变化。故选B。
(　　)7.Why will e-paper replace traditional paper
[A]Because young people like it.
[B]Because it will be cheaper to produce.
[C]Because it will be convenient to carry.
[D]Because it won’t waste natural resources.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Paper won’t exist...save natural resources.”可知,纸在未来不再存在,取而代之的是人们可以反复使用的电子纸。电子纸取代普通的纸是为了节约自然资源。故选D。
(　　)8.Why will we have to move to another planet
[A]Because Earth will explode.
[B]Because we want to live a better life.
[C]Because we want to save ourselves.
[D]Because Earth is too crowded to live on.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“At some point...another planet.”可知,在遥远的未来,我们要么留在地球上,和它一起消亡,要么离开地球,搬到其他星球上去。由此可知,如果我们想拯救自己,就必须搬去其他星球。故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
When I started the Fit Nation programme,I was a big guy.Seven months later,I’m still a big guy.I’ve run endless miles,biked endless hills and swum endless laps.Is there　1　 of me Yes.Am I fitter Yes.Am I healthier 　2　.But am I finished NO WAY!
There has been quite a debate ranging in recent years about　3　 you can be “fat and fit”.There’s no easy answer to that question.Perhaps the answer varies from person to person as our goals 　4　.
Over the years,everyone in the Fit Nation family has achieved great success,but in many cases,the pounds don’t always dramatically　5　.
We’ve all gained strength and improved our cardiovascular (心血管的) health,but I never 　6　 this as a weight-loss programme.At least for me,
the real changes have been in my body (more muscles and less fat),my overall endurance and my mental 　7　.
I’ve learnt that being healthy is ultimately about being honest with myself.It’s about being honest about what I can accomplish and what I can
　8　 to accomplish in the short term and in the long term.While I’m
　9　 now than I was at the beginning of the year,I still have improvements to make and fitness to 　10　.I hope to continue making gains for the rest of my life.
Setting goals is really pretty simple when you think about it.A　11　 is something for which you’re willing to work.And you get what you want by planning and putting that plan into 　12　.I have more goals to set and more success to 　13　.
The only true measure of my accomplishment is how far I’ve come and how much farther I have to go.Most　14　,I’ve come to understand that fitness is a journey and not a 　15　.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。作者结合自己参加Fit Nation项目的经历发表了对健身的新认识——健身是一段旅程,而不是目的地。
[文章脉络]
When I started the Fit Nation programme,I was a big guy.
There has been quite a debate about whether you can be “fat and fit”.
Over the years,everyone in the Fit Nation family has achieved great success.
For me,the real changes have been in my body,my overall endurance and my mental toughness.
I have more goals to set and more success to achieve.
Most importantly,I’ve come to understand that fitness is a journey and not a destination.
(　　)1.
[A]more
[B]less
[C]bigger
[D]worse
【解析】 根据上文“When I started the Fit Nation programme,I was a big guy.”及下文“Am I fitter Yes.”可知,此处指作者的体重变轻(less)。故选B。
B
(　　)2.
C
【解析】 根据上文“Is there 　1　 of me Yes.Am I fitter Yes.”可知,空处是对前文的进一步肯定。absolutely意为“当然”。故选C。
[A]Early
[B]Naturally
[C]Absolutely
[D]Fortunately
(　　)3.
B
【解析】 根据下文“you can be ‘fat and fit’”可知,空处引导宾语从句,表“是否”之意,应用 whether引导。故选B。
[A]whose
[B]whether
[C]that
[D]what
(　　)4.
A
【解析】 根据上文“Perhaps the answer varies from person to person”可知,答案可能因人而异,因为我们的目标会改变(change)。故选A。
[A]change
[B]score
[C]achieve
[D]set
(　　)5.
C
【解析】 根据上文“Over the years,everyone in the Fit Nation family has achieved great success”以及表示转折关系的“but”可知,Fit Nation大家庭中的每个人都取得了巨大的成功,但在很多情况下,体重并没有总是显著下降 (disappear)。故选C。
[A]have
[B]show
[C]disappear
[D]turn
(　　)6.
A
【解析】 根据下文“as a weight-loss programme”可知,作者从未把它看作(thought of)减肥项目。故选A。
[A]thought of
[B]looked out
[C]turned to
[D]gave up
(　　)7.
C
【解析】 根据上文“my overall endurance and my mental”可知,此处指作者的整体耐力和精神韧性(toughness)。故选C。
[A]sadness
[B]happiness
[C]toughness
[D]kindness
(　　)8.
D
【解析】 根据下文“to accomplish in the short term and in the long term”可知,此处指期待(expect)在短期和长期内完成的事情。故选D。
[A]allow
[B]consider
[C]avoid
[D]expect
(　　)9.
D
【解析】 根据表示让步关系的“While”以及下文“I still have improvements to make”可知,虽然作者现在比年初更健康(healthier)了,但仍然需要改进。故选D。
[A]bigger
[B]happier
[C]fatter
[D]healthier
(　　)10.
A
【解析】 根据上文“I still have improvements to make”可知,作者认识到自己仍然需要改进,以获得(gain)健康。故选A。
[A]gain
[B]know
[C]take
[D]give
(　　)11.
D
【解析】 此处为上文中的“goals”原词复现,进一步解释目标的实质内容。故选D。
[A]result
[B]plan
[C]reason
[D]goal
(　　)12.
C
【解析】 根据上文“And you get what you want by planning and putting that plan into”可知,通过计划并付诸行动(action),你就能得到你想要的。故选C。
[A]fiction
[B]words
[C]action
[D]situation
(　　)13.
B
【解析】 根据上文中的“success”可知,此处指有更多的成功要实现(achieve)。故选B。
[A]help
[B]achieve
[C]give
[D]notice
(　　)14.
A
【解析】 most importantly意为“最重要的是”,引出下文作者最深刻的感悟。故选A。
[A]importantly
[B]fortunately
[C]likely
[D]patiently
(　　)15.
D
【解析】 空处与上文中的“journey”相对,应指目的地(destination)。故选D。
[A]decision
[B]determination
[C]description
[D]destination(共55张PPT)
UNIT 12　课时作业(一)
(分值:87.5分)
[基础进阶·情境运用]
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共8题;每题1分,共8分)
1.She always sorts out the 　　 　　 before taking it out.
2.Our discussion today will centre on technical 　　　 　(创新).
3.　 　　　(维生素) pills can make up what we lack in our diet.
4.It makes sense to adopt 　　　　 (节省劳力的) technology.
5.Recent studies show that we are far more 　　 　　 at work if we take short breaks regularly.
garbage
innovation
Vitamin
labour-saving
productive
6.He 　 　　　 a large sum of money to the charity in his mother’s name two years ago.
7.Rescuers used a special 　 　　　 for finding people trapped in collapsed buildings.
8.He believes better relations with China are fundamental to the
(幸福) of the area.
donated
device
well-being
Ⅱ.词形转换(共8题;每题1.5分,共12分)
1.The thoroughness of the 　　 　　(evaluate) process we went through was impressive.
2.The worker oiled the machine to operate it more 　　　 　(efficient).
3.They questioned the 　　 　　(accurate) of the information in the file.
4.Though still a young man,he is a leading 　　　 　(biology) in that country.
evaluation
efficiently
accuracy
biologist
5.They have arrived at a solution through 　　 　　(science) investigation.
6.I’ll be sending them a 　　　　(donate) in appreciation of their help.
7.This may be an important 　　　　(clueless) as to how the brain organises itself.
8.This season’s 　　 　　(entertain) include five new plays and several concerts of Chinese folk music.
scientific
donation
clue
entertainments
Ⅲ.单句情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.总统承诺要改革卫生保健制度。(be committed to)
The president is committed to reforming the health care system.
2.学习一门外语最好的方法是和说那种语言的人交流。(communicate with sb.)
The best way to learn a foreign language is to communicate with the people who speak it.
3.他的作品从小说到戏剧应有尽有。(range from...to...)
His works range from novels to dramas.
4.当我正要离开时,我突然想起我将书包落在学校图书馆了。(occur to sb.)
It occurred to me that I had left my school bag at the school library as I was about to leave.
5.我们正要爬到山顶,这时下起了大雨。(be about to do...when...)
We were about to climb up to the top of the mountain when it began to rain heavily.
Ⅳ.语法练习——翻译句子(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.年轻人应该尊重老年人。
The young should show respect for the old.
2.我们必须保持教室干净整洁。
We must keep our classroom clean and tidy.
3.长途旅行后他回到家,又饿又累。
He arrived home after a long trip,hungry and tired.
4.昨天她买了一条昂贵的紫色的棉裙子。
She bought an expensive purple cotton dress yesterday.
5.老师问她问题时,她沉默不语。
She remained silent when the teacher asked her a question.
[话题延伸·素养升华]
Ⅰ.阅读(共8题;每题2.5分,共20分)
A
Plastic is one of the most important technological discoveries of the 20th century.However,German scientists are certain that this material may soon be replaced.The new development—liquid wood—can replace plastic in all branches of modern industries.
Plastic as a material enjoys the biggest demand in the modern world,
but it does have a number of disadvantages.First,plastic is not recyclable.
Second,it contains poisons that can cause cancer.Finally,plastic is made of oil,which is not endless.
The liquid wood technology is able to replace plastic and provide mankind with new materials for many years ahead.Arboform is a new material,which can be got from soft tissues (组织) of wood.Once mixed with several other ingredients (成分),it turns into a solid and non-poisonous material.
The wood-working industry separates wood into three basic things including lignin (木质素),which is not used for the production of paper.
Specialists of an institute mixed lignin with several natural materials and thus invented the material which could be melted and moulded (铸造).
When solid Arboform looks like plastic and possesses the qualities of wood,it can be used for the production of any items.
Arboform is already used for the production of car parts.However,the new invention does not enjoy a wide use due to the high content of sulphur
(硫) in it.German researchers believe that they will be able to reduce the amount of sulphur by 90 percent very soon to make Arboform usable for home needs.
In addition,liquid wood can be recycled repeatedly.The analysis of Arboform showed that the material had all of its qualities even if it was reprocessed ten times.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。尽管塑料是20世纪最重要的科技发明之一,但德国科学家确信它很快就会被一种新型原料所代替,你知道这种原料是什么吗
(　　)1.What can we learn about liquid wood from the passage
[A]It has replaced plastic.
[B]It is made from natural oil.
[C]It has been widely used in household.
[D]It can be recycled repeatedly.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知,liquid wood可以被反复回收利用。故选D。
(　　)2.According to the passage,what will German researchers firstly focus their future work on
[A]Materials’ wide use.
[B]Content of sulphur in Arboform.
[C]Production cost of Arboform.
[D]Qualities of liquid wood.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段可知,如果用liquid wood代替塑料,科学家首先考虑的应该是如何去除liquid wood里面高含量的硫。故选B。
(　　)3.Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage
[A]Lignin contains poisons that can cause cancer.
[B]Plastic does harm to our society in many ways.
[C]The liquid wood helps to protect our environment.
[D]Arboform isn’t usable for home needs at present.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。文章中没有介绍木质素含有致癌的毒素。故选A。
(　　)4.What’s the best title of the passage
[A]Plastic Has a Number of Disadvantages
[B]A New Material—Plastic
[C]Liquid Wood Will Replace Plastic
[D]How to Protect Arboform
C
【解析】 标题归纳题。本文主要说明了一种新型材料liquid wood将会代替塑料,所以C项符合文章内容,可作文章的标题。故选C。
B
Made of thin cotton and sewed together in only 20 minutes,an experimental pair of gloves isn’t particularly fashionable or useful for keeping anyone’s hands warm.Instead,they are used for an entirely different purpose: teaching piano.
In a study,a graduate student Luo of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and her colleagues created these “smart gloves” using advanced technology,which includes physical sensations such as vibration (振动) or force to help with learning activities.Researchers used the gloves to record one pianist’s hand movements while playing a song.They then relayed those movements to a student through fingertip vibrations,helping the learner build muscle memory and perform the piece with greater precision.
“Hand-based movements like piano playing are normally really subjective and difficult to record and transfer,” Luo says.“But with these gloves we are actually able to track a piano teacher’s touch experience and share it with another person to improve their tactile (触觉的) learning process.”
Using a computerised sewing machine,the team wove (织) small wires linked to a pressure-sensing material in the gloves to detect hand motions.
When a piano teacher wearing the gloves repeatedly performed a tune,a machine-learning algorithm (算法) processed their movement on the keys and translated it into instructional vibrations.Students wearing their own gloves then attempted to play the same tune,with the fingertip vibrations guiding them through proper movements.By the trials’ end,students who had practised with the gloves could play more accurately than those who had not.
Playing the piano is often just for fun,but Rice University mechanical engineer O’Malley adds that with an improved algorithm,the new glove technology could someday help to teach crucial practices such as surgeries.
“Instructional touch removes a step in the learning process that auditory and visual learning can’t.” she says.“When vibration is actually felt directly at the point of action,we can act and learn quicker and with that,there’s so much potential.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了麻省理工学院的研究生罗和她的同事们利用先进的技术创造了一款“智能手套”,虽不是很时尚,也不很保暖,但是它可以用来教钢琴。
(　　)5.What is presented in Paragraph 2
[A]Learning activities.
[B]Working principles.
[C]Theoretical models.
[D]Statistical methods.
B
【解析】 段落大意题。根据第二段可知,罗和她的同事们利用先进的技术创造了一款“智能手套”。研究人员用这种手套记录了一位钢琴家弹奏歌曲时的手部动作。然后,他们通过指尖的振动将这些动作传递给学生来帮助学习者建立肌肉记忆,并更精确地演奏乐曲。由此可知,第二段主要介绍了智能手套的工作原理。故选B。
(　　)6.According to the passage,what technology was used to detect hand motions in “Smart Gloves”
[A]A sewing machine.
[B]Advanced vibration technology.
[C]A machine-learning algorithm.
[D]Small wires connected to a special material.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知,该团队使用一台计算机化的缝纫机,把一些与压力感应材料相连的小导线织在手套里,以检测手部运动。由此可知,这种手套中运用了一些与特殊的感应材料相连的导线。故选D。
(　　)7.What is the writing purpose of the last paragraph
[A]To introduce a global trend.
[B]To make some further predictions.
[C]To raise a reasonable doubt.
[D]To add some background information.
B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,弹钢琴通常只是为了好玩,但莱斯大学的机械工程师O’Malley补充说,通过改进算法,新的手套技术有朝一日可以帮助教授手术等关键操作。由此可知,最后一段主要预测了该技术除了用于钢琴类乐器教学,还可能在未来应用于其他领域。故选B。
(　　)8.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
[A]The Importance of “Smart Gloves” in Teaching
[B]“Smart Gloves” Are Replacing Teachers
[C]“Smart Gloves” Teach Piano Playing Through Touch
[D]Learners Can Realise Their Potential via “Smart Gloves”
C
【解析】 标题归纳题。根据第一段可知,实验中由薄棉布制成的手套的目的是教钢琴。再根据第二段中的“Researchers used the gloves to...with greater precision.”可知,研究人员用这种手套记录了一位钢琴家弹奏歌曲时的手部动作。然后,他们通过指尖的振动将这些动作传递给学生来帮助学习者建立肌肉记忆,并更精确地演奏乐曲。由此可知,本文主要介绍了一副“智能手套”,它可以通过触觉教授钢琴演奏。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
How Mobile Technology Has Changed
Our Lives Forever
The invention of the mobile phone and mobile technology is incredible.
1.　　　Here we highlight the most common ones that technology has been changing our lives today.
G
Mobile technology has changed how we communicate.
The advancement of technology has made communication unbelievably fast and convenient.
In the past,writing a letter or finding a wired telephone was the best way to communicate with the people at a distance.2.　　　 You can send them a message on social media,text them,have a video chat with them,email them,or give them a call.
E
Mobile technology creates the “all-purpose” device.
With many businesses mobile technology has brought about,there are some products that have made out of date.Now just one device has replaced the portable (便携式的) music player,the alarm clock,the calculator,the camera,the flashlight,the calendar and much more.3.　　
D
Mobile technology leads to ever present distraction.
In many places,it’s a common sight to see just about everyone with a mobile phone within his/her reach.From the first two aspects listed above,that can be useful.4.　　　 As mobile technology has become more and more widespread in today’s society,research has begun to connect heavy day-to-day use with a number of side effects,the majority of which are related to mental health.
C
5.　　　We should accept that mobile technology is here to stay and improve our lives for the better in spite of its shortcomings.In my opinion,its advantages far outweigh its disadvantages.
B
A.We cannot ignore its disadvantages.
B.All in all,mobile technology greatly benefits our lives.
C.However,instant access is not always a good thing.
D.While these things do still exist,they are no longer absolutely essential.
E.Nowadays,you are blessed with more efficient options at your fingertips.
F.The conventional way of doing shopping has also changed beyond imagination.
G.Since then,advances in mobile technology have shaped our lives in various ways.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章从生活中几个常见的方面说明了移动技术对我们生活的改变,并且说明了尽管移动技术存在弊端,但它整体上是利大于弊的,它将继续存在,并使我们的生活变得更好。
1.【答案】 G
【解析】 根据设空处上一句和下一句可知,本段主要讲述移动技术改变了我们的生活。G 项符合段落主旨,能够引起下文,且选项中的shaped our lives和下文中的changing our lives相呼应。故选 G。
2.【答案】 E
【解析】 根据段落标题句“Mobile technology has changed how we communicate.”可知,此部分讲述的是移动技术对沟通方式的改变。设空处上一句介绍的是过去的沟通方式,而E项中的Nowadays和上文中的In the past形成对照,引出对现在沟通方式的说明。故选 E。
3.【答案】 D
【解析】 根据设空处上一句可知,由于移动技术的发展,现在一种设备可以拥有多种设备的功能。D项中的these things指代上文提到的多种设备。故选 D。
4.【答案】 C
【解析】 根据设空处下一句可知,本段讲述的是移动设备所带来的副作用。C 项中的not always a good thing与下文中的a number of side effects相呼应。故选 C。
5.【答案】 B
【解析】 根据设空处的下一句可知,文章认为,移动技术虽然有缺点,但对我们的生活还是利大于弊的。B项符合文章要表达的观点。故选B。
Ⅲ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
With the China Manned Space Agency’s 1.　　 　　(announce) of an open call for space breeding (育种) experimental projects,China’s “space greenhouse” is ready to welcome the planting of more new species,
as recent years 2.　　 　　(see) a significant increase in the variety of crops that have toured around space.
announcement
have seen
Staple (主食) crops and vegetable crops are the main species that have been promoted 3.　　　　(great) on the ground after space breeding.They include rice,corn,peppers,tomatoes,and other varieties.
Many space-bred crops have now been planted 4.　 　 large numbers.
The rice varieties 5.　　　 　(carry) by the Shenzhou 10 manned mission have produced nearly 10 new varieties of high-quality,high-production rice in the past several 6.　　　　(year).
greatly
in
carried
years
What’s more,a lot of high-quality vegetable varieties have been bred onboard the Shenzhou series of manned spacecraft,7.　　　　(create) several new varieties of vegetables such as space peppers and space tomatoes.Space peppers,for example,contain 20 percent more vitamin (维生素) C than ordinary ones.The production has also been improved,
bringing considerable economic benefits to farmers.Many of these crops have already entered ordinary households and 8.　　 　　(serve) at the dinner table nowadays.
creating
are served
9.　　　　 large number of breeding materials have been sent into space in recent years.It is sure 10.　　　　 more new varieties with new features and tastes will enter the market soon in the future.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了中国载人航天工程在太空育种方面取得的进展和成果。
A
that
1.【答案】 announcement　
【解析】 考查名词。分析可知,此处被名词所有格修饰,应用名词形式。故填announcement。
2.【答案】 have seen　
【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处为谓语动词,根据主语recent years和句意可知,此处应用现在完成时,see与主语recent years之间为主动关系,且主语为复数。故填have seen。
3.【答案】 greatly　
【解析】 考查副词。此处为副词作状语,修饰动词promoted。故填greatly。
4.【答案】 in　
【解析】 考查介词。根据句意可知,此处应用固定搭配in large numbers,表示“大量”。故填in。
5.【答案】 carried　
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作定语,carry与The rice varieties之间为被动关系,应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填carried。
6.【答案】 years　
【解析】 考查名词复数。year为可数名词,且空前有several修饰,故此处应用名词复数。故填years。
7.【答案】 creating
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词作状语,create与逻辑主语之间为主动关系,所以此处应用现在分词形式作伴随状语。故填creating。
8.【答案】 are served　
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句意以及时间状语nowadays可知,本句为一般现在时,serve与主语Many of these crops之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,且主语为复数,be动词应用are。故填are served。
9.【答案】 A　
【解析】 考查冠词。此处为固定短语a large number of,意为“许多,大量”,位于句首,首字母应大写。故填A。
10.【答案】 that　
【解析】 考查固定句型。本句为主语从句,it作形式主语,that引导的从句作真正的主语。故填that。(共47张PPT)
UNIT 12　课时作业(三)
(分值:60分)
[基础进阶·情境运用]
Ⅰ.语境填词(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.There were 　　　　(mass) of people in the shops yesterday.
2.These advertisements 　　　 　(specific) target children.
3.The activities of credit companies 　　　 　(regulate) by law.
4.This perfectly 　　　 　(preserve) 14th-century house is worth a visit.
5.The expedition was wrecked by bad planning and poor
(navigate).
masses
specifically
are regulated
preserved
navigation
6.The company produces 　　 　 　 (mechanic) parts for airplane engines.
7.There was a huge bang as if someone 　　 　　(explode) a rocket outside.
8.　　 　　 (electric) provides us with warmth and light and all our modern home comforts.
mechanical
had exploded
Electricity
9.At the end,it proved the 　　　 　 (accurate) and feasibility of the method with an example.
10.The book 　　 　　 (illustrate) with photographs of animals is popular among little children.
accuracy
illustrated
Ⅱ.单句情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.我们应该保护儿童免受伤害。(preserve...from...)
We should preserve children from being hurt.
2.许多家长批评他们的孩子严重依赖电子产品。(rely on)
Many parents criticise that their children rely heavily on electronic products.
3.直到去年八月我们才有机会参观这个景点。(It’s not until...that...)
It was not until last August that we had a chance to visit this tourist attraction.
4.互联网让我们很容易与朋友和家人保持联系,即使他们在世界的两端。(make it+adj.+to do sth.)
The Internet makes it easy for us to keep connected with friends and family even if they are on opposite sides of the world.
5.如果你昨晚没看那部电影,你现在就不会这么困了。(错综时间条件句)
If you hadn’t seen that movie last night,you wouldn’t be so sleepy now.
[话题延伸·素养升华]
Ⅰ.阅读(共8题;每题2.5分,共20分)
A
Scientists in England are using two self-directed water vehicles to explore the animal and plant life of the Celtic Sea.
The Celtic Sea is a body of water off the southern coast of Ireland.The area is known for its unusual sea life.Scientists want to know why sea creatures are so attracted to this part of the Atlantic Ocean.
One of the research vehicles is powered by batteries(电池).It collects information for the National Oceanography Centre in Southampton,
England,and the WWF(World Wide Fund for Nature).The vehicle’s low energy requirements permit it to stay floating on water for up to 30 days.
Reports of what it finds in the Celtic Sea are sent by satellite.
Stephen Woodward is an engineer who helped design the vehicle.He says the vehicle has equipment that can discover small organisms called zooplankton(浮游动物) and fish.He adds that other sensing equipment measures water currents and other features of sea life.The vehicle also creates a map of the sea.
Another vehicle is powered by the sun and the wind.It can stay floating on water for months.The robotic vehicle sends information about the so called biodiversity hotspots.A biodiversity hotspot is an area of an ocean that has a lot of plant and animal life activity.
Lavinia Suberg is one of the scientists studying the Celtic Sea.She says productive ocean areas,like the Celtic Sea,attract zooplankton.The zooplankton then attracts fish.She adds that areas with a large increase of fish often attract sea mammals and birds.
Using these robotic ocean vehicles greatly reduces the cost of exploring the sea with manned laboratories.Scientists can spend more time analysing the collected information.They say the research will give them a better understanding of the needs of the Celtic Sea for future management and protection.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了英国科学家利用机器人式水上工具探索凯尔特海,旨在弄清为什么有如此多的动植物生活在该海域。
(　　)1.Why do the British scientists explore the Celtic Sea
[A]To study the geography of the sea.
[B]To learn why the sea is rich in sea life.
[C]To test their self-directed water vehicles.
[D]To learn about the sea creatures in the sea.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知,英国科学家研究该海域的目的是弄清为什么该海域会如此吸引海洋生物。故选B。
(　　)2.What can we know about the water vehicles according to the text
[A]They are controlled directly by humans.
[B]They work depending on the map of the sea.
[C]They can send the information back directly.
[D]They can keep floating on water for a long time.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The vehicle’s low energy...water for up to 30 days.”和第五段中的“It can stay floating on water for months.”可知,水上工具能在海中漂浮很久。故选D。
(　　)3.What do we know about the sea mammals and birds according to Lavinia Suberg
[A]They are afraid of living alone.
[B]They mainly feed on zooplankton.
[C]They like to live in warm ocean areas.
[D]They are especially interested in fish.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知,海洋哺乳动物和鸟类对鱼很感兴趣。故选D。
(　　)4.What is the last paragraph mainly about
[A]The aim of sea exploration.
[B] The cost of exploring the sea.
[C]The importance of the water vehicles.
[D]Ways to deal with the collected information.
C
【解析】 段落大意题。通读最后一段尤其是根据段中的“greatly reduces”
“spend more time”和“a better understanding”可知,本段旨在介绍机器人式水上工具在海洋探索中的重要性。故选C。
B
A do-it-yourself device could help to unlock the next generation of solar energy,including advanced technology for space missions.Dr Jamie Laird,a research fellow at the ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science,has invented a new device for testing the shortcomings of perovskite(钙钛矿) solar cells,the first of its kind anywhere in the world.
Perovskite solar cells that can match silicon (硅) for efficiency are cheaper to manufacture and more flexible,but they haven’t become commercially available yet,because they are still too unstable when exposed to heat,light and oxygen.That’s where Jamie’s device comes in.With a combination of a microscope and a special laser (激光器),it produces pictures and maps of the drawbacks within solar cells and tells scientists where the cells are losing power or efficiency over time and use.It also provides data to indicate why.
The innovative technique starting life as a personal project for Jamie was originally intended to analyse minerals.When he joined Exciton Science,Jamie realised his device would be a perfect tool to help his colleagues and other leading solar cell researchers around the world to better understand the frustrating issues that have kept perovskite from meeting their exciting promise.
“We use a laser beam and we focus on a spot and scan across the device to measure the quality of the solar cell.This new method allows us to do imaging analysis of the whole or complete solar cells and look at how they perform,how they change with time and aging,and how good a solar cell it is,” Jamie said.
“You can’t have a solar cell that decomposes quickly when it’s meant to last 20 years in the field,” Jamie added.“This is a missing link in the whole of techniques we have to throw at that problem.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一种可以发展太阳能、可能帮助解锁下一代太阳能电池的新设备。
(　　)5.What is the shortcoming of perovskite solar cell
[A]It’s very expensive.
[B]Its efficiency is low.
[C]Its production is complex.
[D]It’s unstable under certain conditions.
D
【解析】 根据第二段第一句“Perovskite solar cells that can match silicon
(硅) for efficiency...because they are still too unstable when exposed to heat,light and oxygen.”可知,钙钛矿太阳能电池的缺点是在某些条件下是不稳定的。故选D。
(　　)6.What was Jamie’s initial purpose of inventing the device
[A]To find new materials.
[B]To help his colleagues.
[C]To conduct mineral analysis.
[D]To study solar energy technology.
C
【解析】 根据第三段第一句“The innovative technique starting life as a personal project for Jamie was originally intended to analyse minerals.”可知,这项创新技术最初是Jamie的个人项目,目的是分析矿物质。故选C。
(　　)7.Which can replace the underlined word “decomposes” in the last paragraph
[A]Gets away. [B]Breaks down.
[C]Takes in. [D]Sets off.
B
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据画线词所在句中的“when it’s meant to last 20 years in the field”可知,太阳能电池被普遍认为能在野外存在20年,所以它没有那么快分解。因此画线词意为“分解”。故选B。
(　　)8.What is the text mainly about
[A]A scientist who invented a new device.
[B]The most suitable material for solar energy.
[C]Certain drawbacks of perovskite solar cells.
[D]A new device that can develop solar power.
D
【解析】 主旨大意题。根据第一段的内容以及下文的介绍可知,文章介绍了一种可以发展太阳能的新设备。故选D。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Virtually, there is nothing that man cannot do.Only what he has to do is keep doing and doing without being discouraged.Success will come someday or other, though it may apparently be the conception about something that it cannot be done.1.　　　 But the reality is that man’s success depends on whether he can do the toughest tasks successfully.It is because our life is complicated and tough.And to succeed in this tough battle, perseverance and hard work are a must.2.　 　 We can prove this fact when we look at the reality of life and the history of man’s success.Perseverance helps us do what we otherwise would consider impossible to do.
F
B
What the world-famous scientist Sir Isaac Newton had done by twelve years’ constant hard work was burnt out by his pet dog.But that could not discourage him a little.3.　　　 It is only for his undefeated perseverance that we have been able to have many inventions and discoveries.
4.　　　 He went through thick and thin to reach his destination after months of the strenuous (艰苦的) voyage on the sea.He discovered the way from Spain to America and offered the world a new route of communication with America.This outcome of his perseverance will be generated by the world forever.
G
E
All the great men in history have written their names in golden letters by means of perseverance.5.　　　 If we all are perseverant in whatever we do, we are sure to stand out as a successful person in the near future.
D
A.Every action has its reaction.
B.It is a unique precondition to success in life.
C.In human life, perseverance plays a very important role.
D.Their success will always remain as perfect examples to us.
E.Columbus has left us an adventurous story of perseverance.
F.The task that is easily done at the first attempt is undoubtedly very easy.
G.He was able to do it again through years of hard work and perseverance.
【语篇导读】 本文是议论文。文章通过列举牛顿、哥伦布的经历,论述了在通向成功的道路上坚持不懈的重要性。
1.【答案】 F
【解析】 根据空后句可知,此处说明人能否成功在于是否能够成功地完成最难的任务,F项与下文为转折关系,选项中的task与下文中的tasks相呼应,故选F。
2.【答案】 B
【解析】 根据空前句可知,毅力和努力是成功的必要条件,B项能够衔接上文,选项中的It正是指代上文中的“毅力和努力”这一先决条件,故选B。
3.【答案】 G
【解析】 根据空前句可知,此处是说牛顿12年努力的成果被他的爱犬给烧毁了,G项能够衔接上文,选项中的He正是指代上文中的Sir Isaac Newton,选项中的do it again与前文呼应,故选G。
4.【答案】 E
【解析】 根据下文可知,此处提到的人物是个航海家,E项符合本段语境,下文中的He指代的正是E项中的Columbus,下文则是阐述了哥伦布的冒险经历及其意义,故选E。
5.【答案】 D
【解析】 根据空前句可知,成就大事业的人都具备坚韧不拔的毅力,D项衔接上文,D项中的Their正是指代上文中的All the great men,故选D。
Ⅲ.语法填空(共5题;每题1.5分,共7.5分)
Is there anything nicer than a cooling ice cream on a hot summer’s day
This 1.　 　　　 (freeze) dessert is old,but our tastes and consumer habits are changing.How is the ice cream production process changing,and who is driving it
frozen
The recipe is simple,just a 2.　　 　　 (combine) of milk,sugar and fat.But the process is complex,3.　　　 　 demands time and energy to get the materials mixed,heated and then cooled.Designers are working
4.　　　　 (improve) the production process with new equipment.For now,5.　　 　　,even with the help of robots,it can take up to two years from testing a new treat to being available to consumers.
combination
which
to improve
however
So,what new things can we expect It is millennial (千禧年的) consumers who are driving interest 6.　　　 more flavours.They say the tastes for today’s ice cream products 7.　　 　　 (limit) only by our imagination.But according to Elsebeth Baungaard,8.　　　　 expert in economy,the next trend will be 9.　　　　 (little) about innovation and more about size.“I’m sorry to say it’s 10.　　　　 (simple) reducing in size”,she says,“but the quality will be higher.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了当代社会冰激凌改良相关的情况。
in
are limited
an
less
simply
1.【答案】 frozen　
【解析】 考查过去分词。句意:这种冷冻甜点存在已久,但我们的口味和消费者习惯正在改变。分析句子可知,动词freeze与被修饰的名词dessert构成动宾关系,因此应用过去分词形式,作定语。故填frozen。
2.【答案】 combination　
【解析】 考查名词。句意:食谱很简单,只是牛奶、糖和脂肪的组合。分析句子可知,空前有不定冠词a修饰,应用可数名词单数形式。故填combination。
3.【答案】 which　
【解析】 考查关系代词。句意:但这个过程很复杂,需要时间和能量来混合、加热和冷却材料。分析句子可知,空处应用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句,指代先行词the process,在从句中作主语。故填which。
4.【答案】 to improve　
【解析】 考查不定式。句意:设计师们正在努力用新设备改进生产过程。分析句子可知,动词improve应用不定式形式,作目的状语。故填to improve。
5.【答案】 however　
【解析】 考查副词。句意:然而,就目前而言,即使在机器人的帮助下,从测试一种新的冰激凌到向消费者提供这种冰激凌,可能需要长达两年的时间。分析句意可知,空处应用副词however表转折。故填however。
6.【答案】 in　
【解析】 考查介词。句意:正是千禧一代的消费者对更多口味产生了兴趣。固定搭配interest in,意为“对……的兴趣”,因此空处应用介词in。故填in。
7.【答案】 are limited　
【解析】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:他们说,今天冰激凌产品的口味仅受我们想象力的限制。分析句子可知,动词limit与主语the tastes构成动宾关系,主语为复数,且表示现状,故应用一般现在时的被动语态,助动词用are。故填are limited。
8.【答案】 an　
【解析】 考查冠词。句意:但根据经济专家Elsebeth Baungaard的说法,下一个趋势将不再是创新,而是更多地关注尺寸。分析句子可知,空后的名词expert为可数名词单数,且以元音音素开头,故空处应用不定冠词an。故填an。
9.【答案】 less　
【解析】 考查形容词比较级。句意同上。分析语境可知,下文size使用了比较级more修饰,因此形容词little 也应用比较级形式,作表语。故填less。
10.【答案】 simply　
【解析】 考查副词。句意:她说:“很抱歉,它只是缩小了尺寸,但质量会更高。”分析句子可知,修饰动词reducing应用副词形式,作状语。故填simply。(共54张PPT)
UNIT 12　课时作业(二)
(分值:70分)
[基础进阶·情境运用]
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共8题;每题1分,共8分)
1.I’ll put the 　　　　(壶) on and make us some tea.
2.In 　　　　 of what happened,he never lost the will to live.
3.There will be no difficulty in the world that cannot be 　　 　　.
4.The number of full-time staff in this company 　　 　　 from 300 to just 50 last year.
5.In addition to his salary,he has a 　　 　　(奖金) of 25 yuan per month.
kettle
spite
overcome
declined
bonus
6.The article advances a new 　　　　(理论) to explain changes in the climate.
7.She left the gas on by mistake and the pan 　　 　　(煮) dry.
8.Imagine that you are on a space mission and that you have to sleep in zero 　　　　,help fix a satellite,and build a factory in orbit.
theory
boiled
gravity
Ⅱ.词形转换(共8题;每题1.5分,共12分)
1.Our government did what it could do to prevent the infectious disease from 　　 　　 (spread).
2.The new plan for traffic control is being put into action on an
　　 　　 (experiment) basis.
3.There is still room for 　 　 　　 (improve) in your work.
4.The title “National Civilised City” is a 　　　 　(reflect) of a city as its whole civilisation level.
spreading
experimental
improvement
reflection
5.After 　 　　　 (steam) for a long time,the corn can easily be pierced with a fork.
6.The first year provides students with a sound 　　　 　 (theory) basis for later study.
7.For the 　　 　　 (revolution) cause many martyrs left life and death out of consideration.
8.To a certain extent,the source of fuel your body uses is determined by its
　　　 　 (available).
being steamed
theoretical
revolutionary
availability
Ⅲ.单句情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.我坐在院子里,认真思考着这个计划。(reflect on)
I’m sitting in the yard,reflecting on the plan.
2.你应该变得独立,而不是依赖父母生活。(instead of)
Instead of living off your parents,you should become independent.
3.此外,焦虑和担心会导致疾病。(lead to)
In addition,anxiety and worry can lead to sickness.
4.尽管困难重重,但她还是努力地去适应新环境。(in spite of)
In spite of difficulties,she still tried to adapt to the new environment.
5.我们能做些什么阻止濒危动物灭绝 (prevent...from...)
What can we do to prevent the endangered animals from dying out
Ⅳ.语法练习——短文语法填空(共5题;每题1.5分,共7.5分)
Last Tuesday,I suddenly had a bad stomachache at night.1.
(意识到) the seriousness of my illness,my parents sent me to the hospital close to my home 2.　　　 　(急忙).After careful examination,the doctors on duty said I was 3.　　　　 　 (需要) an operation.After the operation,I had to stay at hospital for a week.4.　　　　　　 (结果),I was absent from class for a week.Now I have recovered and am studying hard at school to make up for the lessons I had missed 5.　　　　　　　　 (在……的帮助下) the teachers and classmates.
Aware of
in a hurry
in need of
As a result
with the help of
[话题延伸·素养升华]
Ⅰ.阅读(共7题;每题2.5分,共17.5分)
A
China’s long history has seen many scientists making great contributions to the development of ancient China and even the world.We have selected several greatest scientists in ancient China and hope to help you learn more about Chinese science and technology.
Zhang Zhongjing was a Chinese physician in the Eastern Han Dynasty.He founded medication principles and summarised the medicinal experience before his time.His famous work Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases(《伤寒杂病论》) had a major influence on the practice of traditional Chinese medicine.Today,this great book is still considered very important in the practice of Chinese medicine.
Li Daoyuan was a great Chinese geographer during the Northern Wei Dynasty.He wrote the famous work Commentary on the Water Classic (《水经注》).The book is a great work on the ancient geography of China and it sums up China’s geography and its surrounding areas before Northern Wei Dynasty.
Sun Simiao was an outstanding medical scientist in the Tang Dynasty.
He was called “China’s King of Medicine” for his important contributions to traditional Chinese medicine.Sun authored two books—Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergencies(《备急千金要方》) and Supplement to the Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold(《千金翼方》) that were both landmarks in Chinese medicine history.
Shen Kuo was a great Chinese scientist and politician of the Northern Song Dynasty.He compiled(汇编) a scientific work Dream Pool Essays
(《梦溪笔谈》),which involves a lot descriptions about the animals and plants in the country.Shen also first described the magnetic needle compass,which would be used for navigation(航行).His discovery of concept of true north towards the north pole was more than four hundred years earlier than Europe.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了中国古代四位伟大的科学家以及他们的主要成就,希望能帮助读者更多地了解中国的科学技术。
(　　)1.What is the author’s purpose of writing this article
[A]To encourage readers to learn from these great scientists.
[B]To explain what contributes to the development of ancient China.
[C]To broaden readers’ horizons on Chinese science and technology.
[D]To introduce the great medical contributions Chinese scientists made.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句可知,作者写这篇文章的主要目的是希望能帮助读者更多地了解中国的科学技术。故选C。
(　　)2.Whose work had a great effect on the practice of traditional Chinese medicine
[A]Zhang Zhongjing’s.
[B]Li Daoyuan’s.
[C]Sun Simiao’s.
[D]Shen Kuo’s.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段的第三句可知,张仲景的著作《伤寒杂病论》对中医实践产生了重大影响。故选A。
(　　)3.What do we know about Shen Kuo
[A]He was a Chinese physician in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
[B]He worked on the ancient geography of China.
[C]He was regarded as “China’s King of Medicine”.
[D]He described the animals and plants a lot in his work.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的第二句可知,沈括编写了一部科学著作《梦溪笔谈》,其中涉及很多关于动植物的描述。故选D。
B
Coffee chains create a lot of waste,from disposable take-away cups to the used grounds that are sent to landfills.The world’s largest coffee chain has started to try recyclable alternatives to the disposable cups.But the used coffee is often unnoted.
The world drinks around 2 billion cups of coffee a day,producing 6 million tons of used grounds every year.When they go to landfills,the grounds release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere,contributing to global warming.
UK Bio-Bean has found a way to turn that waste into a valuable resource.At Bio-Bean,used coffee grounds are processed to remove paper cups or plastic bags,and then passed through a dryer and further screening process.They are finally processed into the fuel—Coffee Log.
“Coffee is highly calorific and lends itself to being a really fantastic fuel,” says May,director of Bio-Bean.“They burn about 20% hotter and 20% longer than wood logs do.”
While these fuels release greenhouse gases when burnt,if they replace other carbon-based fuels,Bio-Bean estimates that the recycling process reduces emissions (排放) by 80% compared with sending the grounds to landfills.
Founded in 2013,Bio-Bean grew rapidly,launching coffee collection services across the UK and building the world’s first coffee recycling factory only two years later.In 2016 they launched their first product,Coffee Log,and are now ready to launch their first natural flavouring ingredient into the food and drink industry.
“We’ve really managed to succeed with our innovation because we’ve managed to get to scale.What started as a good idea is today the UK’s largest recycler of coffee grounds.We are turning 7,000 tons of those grounds per year into the fuel,” says George May.“Despite being delayed by the pandemic,we plan to expand our operation into northwestern Europe within the next five years.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了英国的Bio-Bean 公司回收咖啡渣垃圾,将其开发成咖啡原木燃料,达到了规模化量产,保护了环境。
(　　)4.What do the first two paragraphs suggest
[A]It’s necessary to limit coffee consumption.
[B]Drinking coffee is popular around the world.
[C]Measures should be taken to recycle coffee waste.
[D]Coffee grounds are the main cause of global warming.
C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Coffee chains create a lot of waste...that are sent to landfills.”以及第二段第二句“When they go to landfills...contributing to global warming.”可推知,前两段指出,咖啡垃圾导致的污染和全球变暖问题已经到了刻不容缓的地步,必须要采取措施来解决这个问题。故选C。
(　　)5.What is the Bio-Bean’s Coffee Log
[A]A solid fuel.
[B]A natural food.
[C]A cup of hot coffee.
[D]A tree trunk.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“They are finally processed into the fuel—Coffee Log.”以及第四段中的“Coffee is highly calorific and lends itself to being a really fantastic fuel”可知,咖啡本身就可以作为燃料,
Bio-Bean公司将咖啡渣加工成类似于原木的燃料,因此,咖啡原木是一种固体燃料。故选A。
(　　)6.What do we know about Bio-Bean
[A]It is a high-tech company with a long history.
[B]It is a promising recycler of coffee grounds.
[C]It is started to produce coffee and fuels.
[D]It’s developing faster than before.
B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Founded in 2013,Bio-Bean grew rapidly...building the world’s first coffee recycling factory only two years later.”以及最后一段中的“What started as a good idea is today the UK’s largest recycler of coffee grounds.”可知,Bio-Bean公司是近几年才成立的,建立了世界第一家咖啡渣回收工厂,而且已经发展成英国最大的咖啡渣回收商。 由此可推知,它是一个充满前景的咖啡渣回收商。故选B。
(　　)7.What does the underlined phrase “get to scale” in the last paragraph mean
[A]Give accurate measurement.
[B]Cover a wide range.
[C]Do mass production.
[D]Classify different grades.
C
【解析】 猜测短语题。根据最后一段中的“We’ve really managed to succeed with our innovation...We are turning 7,000 tons of those grounds per year into the fuel”可推知,他们的创新成功了,并且达到了规模化生产。因此画线短语与C项意思相近。故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
As the Chinese saying goes,“A seed can change the world;a variety can benefit a nation.”
Zhang Daorong,who has spent many years 　1　 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security,has done both.The woman,
who is called the “mother of wheat”,is a 　2　 at the Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Xiangyang City.
The research into new varieties requires strict standards and
　3　 experiments.“The first 　4　 is to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose.Then we try a hybrid combination,” Zhang explained.“After several generations of 　5　 and selection,and when characteristics remain stable,we 　6　 a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification.” And after several more rounds of tests,a(n)
　7　 for evaluation and approval can be made for market production.
“Generally speaking,a good new 　8　 should produce high yields,
have stable production,and 　9　 good resistance to bad conditions,” she added.“ 　10　,it also should be accepted by the market.”
Zhang added that the team　11　 70,000 to 80,000 seedlings (幼苗) each year.All year round they were busy with 　12　 experiments on the growth of the new seedlings and making records and analyses.
“Agricultural research work is　13　 and complicated.Sometimes your efforts do not 　14　.All we can do then is think more,discuss more and find 　15　 on the land,” she said.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了张道荣和她的团队培育新小麦品种的事迹。
(　　)1.
[A]advertising
[B]cultivating
[C]discussing
[D]observing
【解析】 根据空后的“13 new varieties of wheat”可知,此处是指培育(cultivating)小麦。故选B。
B
(　　)2.
C
【解析】 根据上文“who has spent many years 　1　 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security”可推知,张道荣是一位研究小麦的研究员(researcher)。故选C。
[A]journalist
[B]teacher
[C]researcher
[D]manager
(　　)3.
A
【解析】 根据空前的“strict standards”可知,此处是指精确的(precise)实验。故选A。
[A]precise
[B]efficient
[C]simple
[D]expensive
(　　)4.
C
【解析】 根据空后的“to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose”,再结合常识可知,找到适合特定培养目的的父本和母本类型是培育新品种的第一步(step)。故选C。
[A]way
[B]attempt
[C]step
[D]question
(　　)5.
D
【解析】 根据常识可知,培育新品种需要对几代(植物)进行试验(trial)和筛选,才能选出最优品种。故选D。
[A]encouragement
[B]support
[C]management
[D]trial
(　　)6.
A
【解析】 结合上文提到选出最优品种和空后的“a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification”可知,接下来就应该开始(begin)产量测试和疾病鉴定。故选A。
[A]begin
[B]continue
[C]follow
[D]repeat
(　　)7.
B
【解析】 根据空前的“And after several more rounds of tests”可知,几轮测试合格后,便可申请(application)评估。故选B。
[A]practice
[B]application
[C]declaration
[D]invitation
(　　)8.
D
【解析】 根据上文“Zhang Daorong,who has spent many years 　1　 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security,has done both.”可知,此处是指一个新的种类(variety)。故选D。
[A]environment
[B]machine
[C]farmland
[D]variety
(　　)9.
C
【解析】 根据空后的“good resistance to bad conditions”可知,此处是指新品种要表现出(show)良好的抵抗力。故选C。
[A]produce
[B]enhance
[C]show
[D]develop
(　　)10.
A
【解析】 结合语境及also可知,此处是对上文的补充说明,Besides符合语境,故选A。
[A]Besides
[B]However
[C]Therefore
[D]Otherwise
(　　)11.
D
【解析】 结合该团队培育新品种的事实以及“70,000 to 80,000 seedlings (幼苗) each year”可知,此处是指每年种植(planted)7万至8万株幼苗。故选D。
[A]watered
[B]bought
[C]protected
[D]planted
(　　)12.
C
【解析】 根据空后的“experiments on the growth of the new seedlings”可知,此处是指进行(conducting)实验。故选C。
[A]reporting
[B]designing
[C]conducting
[D]studying
(　　)13.
B
【解析】 根据“complicated”并结合上文提到他们一次又一次的试验可知,农业研究是艰难(tough)且复杂的。故选B。
[A]normal
[B]tough
[C]varied
[D]specific
(　　)14.
D
【解析】 根据上文“Agricultural research work is 　13　 and complicated.”可知,农业研究的特点是有时研究人员的付出可能没有回报(pay off)。
故选D。
[A]end up
[B]run out
[C]break up
[D]pay off
(　　)15.
A
【解析】 上文提到有时付出可能没有回报再结合空前的“think more,
discuss more”可知,研究人员只能多思考多讨论,以求在土地上找到答案(answers),也就是如何才能培育出优质的新品种。故选A。
[A]answers
[B]comfort
[C]dreams
[D]courage(共113张PPT)
　
Part 2
Lesson 3,Writing Workshop,
Viewing Workshop
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1.PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) n.
2.cosmology n.
3.bonus n.
4.gravity n.
5.kettle n.
阅读单词
博士学位
宇宙论,宇宙学
意外收获,额外的好处;奖金;红利
重力,引力
水壶,壶
1. 　　 vt.克服(困难),控制(感情);征服,战胜
2. vi.减少,降低
3. n.水蒸气;蒸汽动力
4. vi.& vt.(使)沸腾,煮沸;用开水)煮
n.沸腾
核心单词
overcome
decline
steam
boil
运用单词
1.theoretical adj.理论的→ n.理论
2.improvement n.改善,改进;改进之处→ v.改进,提高
3.revolution n.彻底变革,革命→ adj.革命的 n.革命者
4.availability n.可能性→ adj.可获得的,可利用的→
n.效用 v.有帮助;有益
theory
improve
revolutionary
available
avail
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1. 　　　　说不出话
2. 在……的早期
3. 而不是
4. 导致
5. 与……分离
6. 虽然;不顾;尽管……(仍……)
lose one’s speech
in the early stages of...
rather than
lead to
separate from
in spite of
7. 阻止某人做某事
8. 在……领域
9. 仔细考虑,反省
10. 用……进行实验;试验
prevent sb.from doing sth.
in the area of
reflect on
experiment with...
重点句型
1.与其说尝试寻找一个全新的解释,科学家们不如把他们已经有的想法汇集起来。
one big new explanation,scientists should put together all the ideas that they already have.
2.尽管霍金患有疾病,但他并不认为自己是个不幸的人。
,Hawking didn’t consider himself an unlucky man.
Instead of trying to find
In spite of his disease
3.这是对当时普遍使用的纽科门蒸汽机的一大改进。
This was a great improvement on the Newcomen steam engine,
.
which was commonly used at the time
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
■
■
1.主题语境: 人与自然——著名科学家霍金生平
2.语篇类型: 记叙文
3.课文内容分析:文章介绍了卓越的科学家霍金带病坚持科研的事迹。阅读本文,有利于培养学生学习伟人追求真理、不怕困难的坚强意志。
多维解读·深度剖析
■
■
born
physics
operation
published
different
secrets
died
精研细读·深层理解
■
■
1.Why wasn’t Hawking allowed to teach when he was working at the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge
Because his illness got worse,which made it difficult for him to teach.
2.What kind of person can we know Hawking was from the last paragraph
He was very positive/optimistic towards life and grateful to others.
3.What should we learn from Hawking
We should learn his strong will in the face of difficulties and positive attitude towards life from Hawking.
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
◆overcome vt.克服(困难),控制(感情);征服,战胜
1.Hawking was famous,not just for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology,but also for overcoming the challenges of ALS (a disease that affects muscle control).
霍金不仅因在理论物理学和宇宙学方面的杰出研究而著名,更是因克服了肌萎缩侧索硬化症(一种影响肌肉控制的疾病)的挑战而令人敬佩。
归 纳 拓 展
be overcome by 被(烟、毒气等)熏倒;被……击垮/占据
be overcome with 为……所压倒
In the final game Sweden easily overcame France.
在决赛中,瑞典队轻松战胜了法国队。
Her parents were overcome with grief at the funeral.
在葬礼上,她的父母悲痛欲绝。
be overcome with 为……所压倒
完成句子
①有些事给了我克服困难的力量。
Something gave me the strength 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
②居民们试图逃离火场,却被浓烟熏倒了。
The residents were trying to escape from the fire but
　.
③考试前的晚上,我被恐惧和绝望所压倒。
The night before the test I 　.
语境运用
to overcome the difficulty
were overcome by
the thick smoke
was overcome with fear and despair
◆decline vi.& n.减少,降低;衰退 vt.(婉言)拒绝,谢绝
2.Although Hawking’s physical abilities declined over decades,he never ceased his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes.
尽管在过去几十年里霍金的身体机能不断下降,但他从未停止过研究,对黑洞有了许多新的想法。
归 纳 拓 展
(1)decline (from...) to... (从……)下降/减少到……
decline by 下降/减少了……
decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事
(2)in decline=on the decline 在下降,在衰退
fall/go into a decline 开始衰落,走下坡路
When the answer was no,she declined the invitation.
(2022浙江1月,语法填空)
当回答是否定时,她拒绝了邀请。
Loss of wetlands was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America.(2021新高考全国Ⅰ,阅读C改编)
湿地的减少是北美水禽数量下降的原因之一。
As the economy was in decline,some people in the town had lost their jobs.
(2020新高考全国Ⅰ,读后续写)
由于经济衰退,镇上有些人丢了工作。
The town fell into a decline after the mine closed.
这个镇在矿井关闭后开始衰落。
in decline=on the decline 在下降,在衰退
fall/go into a decline 开始衰落,走下坡路
单句语法填空
①They declined 　　　　 (tell) me how they had got my address.
②The number of tourists to the resort declined 　　 　　 10% last year.
③Home cooking seems to be 　　　　 the decline because of the rapid pace of life and work.
to tell
语境运用
by
on
完成句子
④今年的利润大幅度下降。
There has been 　　　　　　　　 in profits this year.
a sharp decline
◆in spite of 虽然;不顾;尽管……(仍……)
3.In spite of his disease,Hawking didn’t consider himself an unlucky man.
尽管霍金患有疾病,但他并不认为自己是个不幸的人。
归 纳 拓 展
(1)in spite of=despite 虽然,尽管
in spite of/despite the fact that... 虽然/尽管……
(2)regardless of 不管,不顾
In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor,she was banned from medicine.(2023全国乙,阅读理解A)
尽管法庭听取了她作为医生的能力的证明,她还是被禁止从医。
in spite of=despite 虽然,尽管
Her voice was shaking despite all her efforts to control it.
尽管她竭尽全力控制自己,但她的声音仍然在颤抖。
He went to school regardless of the bad weather.
尽管天气不好,但他仍然去上学。
regardless of 不管,不顾
温馨提示
in spite of是介词短语,后跟名词(短语),不能直接跟句子,但可以先跟名词fact,再接that引导的同位语从句。
单句语法填空
①There must be equality of rights for all citizens regardless 　 nationality.
②She was fond of physics 　　 　 spite of the fact that she found it difficult to learn.
完成句子
③尽管他身体不好,但他还是努力地工作。
He always works hard 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　 he is not in good health.
语境运用
of
in
in spite of/despite the fact that
◆prevent v.阻止,阻碍;防止,预防
4.He said it had not prevented him from having a family,and being successful in his work.
他说,这并没有阻碍他拥有家庭,也没有阻碍他在工作中取得成功。
归 纳 拓 展
prevent sb.(from)doing sth.=stop sb.(from)doing sth.=keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
(读后续写之主旨升华) The experience enlightened him that nothing could prevent him from realising his dream if he keeps on working hard.
这次经历让他明白,如果他继续努力工作,没有什么能阻止他实现自己的
梦想。
prevent sb.(from)doing sth.=stop sb.(from)doing sth.=keep sb.from doing sth.
阻止某人做某事
(应用文写作之建议信)Such kind of things can be prevented from happening if proper measures are taken.
如果采取适当的措施,这种事情是可以避免发生的。
prevent sb.(from)doing sth.=stop sb.(from)doing sth.=keep sb.from doing sth.
阻止某人做某事
单句语法填空
①(应用文写作之倡议书)Effective measures must be taken to prevent the environment from 　　　 　 (pollute).
语境运用
being polluted
②我们必须尽最大努力阻止这些濒危动物消失。
→
(prevent...from)
→
(stop...from)
→
(keep...from)
We must make every effort to prevent these endangered animals (from)
disappearing.
We must spare no effort to stop these endangered animals (from)
disappearing.
We must do everything in our power to keep these endangered animals
from disappearing.
◆reflect v.反映;考虑,思考
5.He reflected further on the process,estimating how much more power could be created by a larger amount of water.
他进一步思考了这一过程,估计大量的水可以产生出更多的能量。
归 纳 拓 展
(1)reflect on/upon 仔细考虑/沉思/反省
reflect sb./sth.in sth.(从某物中)映出某人/某物的影像
reflect sth. from sth.从某物(表面)反射(光、热、声等)
(2)reflection n.反映; 影像; 思考
on reflection经再三考虑
be lost in reflection陷入沉思中
(3)reflective adj.反光的; 沉思的
be reflective of sth.……代表……;……体现……
The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy,according to Tu Ningning,who is in charge of the exhibition.(2025新高考全国Ⅰ,语法填空)
在展览的负责人屠宁宁看来,黑白棋子的移动反映了东方哲学的基本理念。
(读后续写之场景描写)The girl was lying in the bed,reflecting on/upon what happened that day.
女孩躺在床上,思索着那天发生的事情。
reflect on/upon 仔细考虑/沉思/反省
(读后续写之环境描写)Some flowers are reflected in the river and the reflection is very beautiful.
一些花倒映在河里,倒影很美。
reflect sb./sth.in sth.(从某物中)映出某人/某物的影像
单句语法填空
①The great artist’s unique vision 　　　 　(reflect) well in his paintings.
②Everything you do or say is 　　　 　(reflect) of your personality.
③On 　　　 　(reflect),I realise I should have listened to your advice before making that decision.
语境运用
is reflected
reflective
reflection
完成句子
④(应用文写作之建议信)不要害怕错误,你必须通过反思它们来学习。
Don’t be afraid of mistakes,you have to learn by 　 　　　　　　　　.
⑤(读后续写之动作描写)听到我的话,他低下了头,陷入沉思。
At my words,he hung his head,　　　　　　　　　.
reflecting on/upon them
lost in reflection
◆experiment v.做实验n.实验
6.Later he began to experiment with steam and eventually developed the steam engine.
后来他开始用蒸汽做实验,最后改进了蒸汽机。
归 纳 拓 展
(1)experiment with...用……进行实验;试验
(2)experimental adj.实验的
(3)experimentally adv.实验上
In a recent experiment,cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it.(2022全国甲,阅读理解B)
在最近的一项实验中,向凤头鹦鹉展示了一个盒子,里面有一颗坚果。
The project required each team to develop a hypothesis (假说),set up an experiment to test the hypothesis...(2022浙江1月,读后续写)
该项目要求每个团队提出一项假说,并设立一个实验来检验这项假说……
He believes that students should be encouraged to experiment with bold ideas.
他认为应该鼓励学生去尝试大胆的想法。
experiment with...用……进行实验;试验
单句语法填空
①In the following years,the scientist did lots of 　　　 　 (experiment).
②To prove his theory,he experimented 　 　　　 different materials in the lab.
③The technique is still at the 　　 　　 (experiment) stage.
语境运用
experiments
with
experimental
◆availability n.可能性;可得性;可用性
7.With this came new types of jobs and the availability of new products at lower costs.
随之而来的是新类型的工作和更低成本的新产品的可能性。
归 纳 拓 展
(1)the availability of...……的可能性
(2)available adj.可获得的;可利用的;有空的
be available for 可用于……
be available to sb.对某人来说是可使用的/可得到的
be available to do sth.可用来做某事
I’ll have to check my availability before I commit myself.
在做出承诺之前,我要先确认自己是否有空。
There are various solutions available for this problem.
对这个问题有各种解决方法。
be available for 可用于……
In the past few years,the amount of money that is available to buy books has fallen by 17%.
在过去的几年中,可用于采购图书的经费已经减少了17%。
be available to do sth.可用来做某事
单句语法填空
①It is for this reason that I am available 　　　　 immediate employment.
②The arts should be available 　　　　 more people at prices they can afford.
③In the end,it is of course down to personal preference,price and
　　 　　 (available).
完成句子
④我是否接受这份工作要看我能不能照料孩子。
Whether I take the job depends on 　 .
语境运用
for
to
availability
the availability of child care
重点句式
◆形容词(短语)作状语
This hole led to another universe,completely separate from our own.
这种洞通向另一个宇宙,与我们的世界完全分隔。
归纳拓展
Cold and hungry,he decided to stop and have a rest.
他又冷又饿,于是决定停下来休息一会儿。
He had been resting his head in his hands,deep in thought.
他双手撑着头,陷入了沉思。
Eric finally made it to the top of the mountain,hungry but excited.
埃里克终于登上了山顶,饥饿但却兴奋。
完成句子
①　　　　　　　　　　　　 (又沮丧又无助), Jane burst into tears.
②Jack came back home from the war,　　　　　　　 　　　 (安然无恙).
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (容易相处),she is loved by everyone.
语境运用
Depressed and helpless
safe and sound
Easy to get along with
长难句分析
本句是一个主从复合句,when引导的是时间状语从句;句子谓语动词是discovered,其后是一个省略了that的宾语从句。
1.At the age of 21,when Hawking spent his first year at the University of Cambridge,physicians discovered he had a rare,slow-progressing form of ALS.
21岁那年,也是霍金在剑桥大学的第一年,医生发现他患有一种罕见的慢性肌萎缩侧索硬化症。
单句情境写作
①当他到了生命的最后几年,他仍然在继续他的科学研究。
语境运用
When he reached the last years of his life,he still continued his scientific research.
②这些测试表明,当我们做决定时,社会环境非常有影响力。
The tests show the social environment is extremely influential when we’re making decisions.
本句是一个并列复合句。第一个分句主体是his illness got worse;第二个分句使用了被动语态,which引导的是定语从句。
2.In the early stages of his career,his illness got worse,but he was allowed to do research only rather than teach,which was easier for him.
职业生涯刚一开始他的病情就转而恶化,研究所允许他可以只做研究而不用教学,这对他来说更容易。
单句情境写作
①这个年轻人在演讲比赛中被打败了,但他并没有灰心丧气,这是值得表扬的。
语境运用
The young man was defeated in the speech contest,but he didn’t lose his heart,which deserved praising.
②许多新发明已经被用于我们的日常生活中,这使我们感到很方便。
Many new inventions have been used in our daily life,which makes us feel very convenient.
进阶提升·写作微练
人物描写之个性与品格
常用词汇
课文词汇
1.overcome the challenges of... 克服了……的挑战
2.never cease his studies 从未停止他的研究
3.discover the deepest 发现宇宙最深
secrets of the universe 处的秘密
4.be curious 保持好奇心
5.have not prevented him 没有阻碍他拥
from having a family 有家庭
补充词汇
6.outspoken adj.坦率的,直言不讳的
7.ambitious adj.有抱负的, 野心勃勃的
8.promising adj.有前途的, 有希望的
9.positive and optimistic 积极乐观的
10.down-to-earth adj.实际的
11.well-informed adj.见多识广的;消息灵通的
12.stand out from the crowd 脱颖而出
13.possess an independent character 具有独立性
14.a sense of duty/responsibility 责任感
常用句型
课文原句
1.Look up at the stars and not down at your feet...be curious.
仰望星空,而不是俯视脚下……要保持好奇心。
2.In spite of his disease,Hawking didn’t consider himself an unlucky man.
尽管霍金患有疾病,但他并不认为自己是个不幸的人。
3.He said it had not prevented him from having a family,and being successful in his work.
他说,这并没有阻碍他拥有家庭,也没有阻碍他在工作中取得成功。
4.As a child,he was gifted in the areas of maths and science.
小时候,他在数学和科学方面很有天赋。
其他表达
5.He is a determined and strong-willed person.
他是一个有决心且意志坚定的人。
6.He always tries his best to do whatever he does.
无论做什么,他总是尽自己最大的努力。
微写作训练
1.他是一个说话直率、品格正直、性格果断、遇事乐观、雄心勃勃的人。
He is an outspoken,upright,decisive,optimistic and ambitious person.
2.他强烈的责任心使他坚持要去,即使天气十分恶劣。
His strong sense of duty made him insist on going,even if the weather was very bad.
课文二次开发利用
课文语法填空
Born in 1942,Stephen Hawking went to the University of Oxford
1.　　　　(study) physics in 1959.
to study
2.　 　 the age of 21,he was diagnosed with ALS.In the early stages of his career,he 3.　　 　(allow) to do research only rather 4.　　 teach.
In 1985,he lost his 5.　　　 　(speak).Although his physical 6.
(ability) declined over decades,he never 7.　　　　(cease) his studies and research.He didn’t consider himself 8.　　　　 unlucky man.He said it had not prevented him from being 9.　　　 　(success) in his work and he was regarded as one of the most 10.　　 　　(influence) scientists in the world.
At
was allowed
than
speech
abilities
ceased
an
successful
influential
语法专项指导
介词短语
语法原句再现
1.At the age of 21,when Hawking spent his first year at the University of Cambridge,physicians discovered he had a rare,slow-progressing form of ALS.
2.His theory was that there was a sort of hole in the centre of a black hole.
3.Instead of trying to find one big new explanation,scientists should put together all the ideas that they already have.
4.In spite of his disease,Hawking didn’t consider himself an unlucky man.
请大家仔细观察句子中黑体的介词短语,体会一下它们在句中的作用。
语法知识点拨
语法梳理
英语中的介词常常以短语的形式出现,在句子中充当如下成分:
1.表语
It is reported that the new railway is under construction now.
据报道,这条新铁路现在正在建设中。
Fred tried to get to the door,but the table was in the way.
弗雷德试图走到门口,但桌子挡住了路。
2.状语
They watched our performance with satisfaction.
他们满意地观看了我们的表演。
He founded the charity in memory/honour of his late wife.
他创办那个慈善机构以纪念他已故的妻子。
3.定语
The local government has come out with a new plan for traffic control.
地方政府已出台了一个交通管制的新计划。
We should abandon complex interface and give users easy access to more functions.
我们应放弃复杂的界面,让用户更容易访问更多的功能。
4.宾语补足语
The news set my mind at ease.
这个消息让我安心。
Her illness kept her in bed for a week.
她因生病在床上躺了一周。
温馨提示
用作宾语补足语的介词短语在相应的被动语态中则为主语补足语:
He was prevented from attending the meeting due to the heavy traffic.
由于交通拥挤,他被阻止参加会议。
单句语法填空
①The raw meat must be kept separate 　　　　 the cooked meat.
②It’s no trouble at all;　　　　 the contrary,it will be a great pleasure to help you.
③The boy had to drop out of school 　　　　 the age of sixteen because his family was very poor.
对点小练
from
on
at
写出下列画线介词短语所作成分
④The boy in black is my friend.　　　　　　　　
⑤The gift is in the box.　　　　　　　　
⑥We found him working in the office.　　　　　　　
定语
表语
宾语补足语
1.It was not widely accepted as a travel concept 　　　　 the late 1980s.
(2021全国乙,语法填空)
【解析】 考查介词。此处是说直到20世纪80年代末,它才作为一种旅游理念被广泛接受。所以此处应用not...until/till...表示“直到……才……”。故填until/till。
until/till
真题体验
2.In the pumpkin field,I compete 　　　　 my three brothers and sister to seek out the biggest pumpkin.(2021浙江1月,读后续写)
【解析】 考查介词。compete with sb意为“和某人竞争”, 是固定搭配。故填with。
with
3.Thanks to Beijing’s long history 　　　　 capital of China,almost every hutong has its stories,and some are even associated with historic events.
(2023浙江1月,语法填空)
【解析】 考查介词。句意:由于北京作为中国首都的悠久历史,几乎每一条胡同都有自己的故事,甚至有一些还和历史事件有关。根据句意可知,空处应用介词as表示“作为”。 故填as。
as
4.The first step is to go exploring,if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house 　　 　　 the first time.(2021全国乙,七选五)
【解析】 考查介词。for the first time意为“第一次”,是固定搭配。故填for。
for
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.　　　　 no account should you disobey traffic rules.
2.Many people run 　　　　 the purpose of losing weight.
3.What other sports do you like apart 　　　　 football
4.You’ve been absent six times according 　　　　 our records.
5.　　　　 the end of next year,we’ll have finished the building.
语法专项训练
On
for
from
to
By
6.She is proud 　　　　 her children because both of them have a talent for music.
7.Positive thinking can lead 　　　　 a successful career,so try not to be negative.
8.He defeated all competitors and 　　　 a result,he won the scholarship.
of
to
as
9.　　　　 spite of what had happened to him,he never lost his confidence and never gave up.
10.In the sunny night,look up 　　　　 the clear night sky and you can probably see thousands of stars.
In
at
Ⅱ.翻译句子
1.这个节日是为了纪念一位中国诗人。(in memory/honour of)
The festival is in memory/honour of a Chinese poet.
2.从数量上看,产量增长得比以往任何时期都要快。(in terms of )
In terms of quantity,production grew faster than ever before.
3.尽管听不见他们在说什么,但她知道讨论的内容。(under discussion)
She knew what was under discussion,although she could not hear what
they were saying.
4.我教你汉语,作为交换条件,你教我英语。(in exchange for)
5.我代表父母,谢谢所有的宾客出席我哥哥的结婚晚宴。(on behalf of)
I will teach you Chinese in exchange for your teaching me English.
On behalf of my parents,I’d like to thank all our guests for attending my
elder brother’s wedding dinner.
写作专项指导
Writing an introduction of an inventor and his/her invention
1.文体类型:记叙文
2.要点内容:
(1)发明家及发明内容;
(2)灵感和研究工作;
(3)发明的影响和意义。
文本解读
思路指引
实用表达
(1)首段
①It is well known that Einstein was a great scientist.
众所周知,爱因斯坦是一位著名的科学家。
②Born in America in 1847,Edison was full of imagination and liked to know how things worked when he was young.
爱迪生于1847年出生在美国,从小他就充满想象力,喜欢了解事情是如何运作的。
(2)中段
①He was doing an experiment when he discovered something strange.
他在做实验时发现了某种奇怪的东西。
②It suddenly occurred to him that he could try another way.
他突然想到可以尝试另一种方法。
③It was after countless experiments that he finally made it.
经过无数次的实验,他终于成功了。
(3)尾段
①He has made an important contribution to the progress of human society.
他为人类社会的进步作出了重要贡献。
②We can’t imagine what our life would be like without the computer.
我们无法想象,没有电脑我们的生活会是什么样子。
③Only if you work hard can you succeed.
只有努力工作你才能成功。
佳作建构
请用英语写一篇介绍电话发明者亚历山大·贝尔(Alexander Bell) 的短文,内容包括:
1.对该人物的简单介绍(出生于苏格兰,后加入美国国籍,发明了电话);
2.简单介绍电话发明的过程;
3.电话的作用和影响。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　　 adj.有天赋的,有才华的
2.　　 　　 vi.通信
3.　　　　 adj.立刻的,马上的
4.　　　　 adj.有效率的,高效能的
5.　　　 　 n.改善,改进;改进之处
gifted
correspond
instant
efficient
improvement
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.亚历山大·贝尔于1847年出生在苏格兰。(be born in)
Alexander Bell in 1847.
2.他是美国著名的具有天赋的科学家和电话发明者。(gifted;inventor)
He was a famous 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 　 of the telephone.
3.他正在一间房子里的听筒旁工作。(work at)
He 　　　　　　　　 his receiver in one room.
was born in Scotland
gifted American scientist and inventor
was working at
4.贝尔突然听到一个声音从另一个房间传来。(hear...doing)
Bell suddenly the other room.
5.电话非常高效,对人类的生活改善很有帮助。(efficient;helpful)
The telephone is 　　　 　 for the
　 　.
6.我们可以说,现在我们的日常生活中不能没有它。(not...without)
We can say that nowadays we 　　　　　　　　　　 　 in our daily life.
heard a sound coming from
very efficient and helpful
improvement of human
life
cannot live without it
7.移动电话携带很方便。(it作形式主语)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 mobile phones.
8.人们可以随时与任何人保持联系。(keep in touch with)
People can 　　　　　　　　　 　　 at any time.
It is very convenient to carry
keep in touch with anyone
亮点提升
1.用定语从句合并句1和句2。
2.用现在分词作状语合并句3和句4。
Alexander Bell,who was a famous gifted American scientist and inventor of the telephone,was born in Scotland in 1847.
Working at his receiver in one room,Bell suddenly heard a sound coming from the other room.
3.用so...that...句式合并句5和句6。
The telephone is so efficient and helpful for the improvement of human life that we can say that nowadays we cannot live without it in our daily life.
范文展示
Alexander Bell,who was a famous gifted American scientist and inventor of the telephone,was born in Scotland in 1847.When young,he attempted to find a way to correspond more instantly.
One day in 1874,working at his receiver in one room,Bell suddenly heard a sound coming from the other room.He shouted to his assistant Watson excitedly,“Mr Watson,come here!I want to see you!” He was so thrilled because he had made it.
The telephone is so efficient and helpful for the improvement of human life that we can say that nowadays we cannot live without it in our daily life.
It is very convenient to carry mobile phones,so people can keep in touch with anyone at any time.
写作练习
请根据所给要点提示,用英语写一篇短文,介绍美国著名工程师,“现代空调之父”
(The Father of the Modern Air Conditioner)——威利斯·开利(Willis Carrier)。
1.1876年11月出生于美国;
2.年幼时在母亲的培养下对机械(machinery)产生了兴趣,梦想成为一名工程师;
3.1901年毕业于康奈尔大学(Cornell University)的机械工程专业(mechanical engineering);
4.1902年,受火车站里喷雾冷却系统(spray cooling system)的启发,设计了第一个现代化的空调系统,影响深远,被誉为“现代空调之父”。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
写作指导
One possible version:
Born in 1876 in the United States in November,Willis Carrier was an American engineer known for inventing the first modern air conditioner.
While Carrier was still young,he developed a great interest in machinery under the influence of his mother and Carrier dreamed to become an engineer.He graduated from Cornell University in 1901 with a master’s degree in mechanical engineering.Next year,Carrier received his “flash of genius” from a spray cooling system at a train station and then designed the first modern air conditioning system,which started an industry that would greatly improve the way we live,work and play.
Due to his extraordinary achievements,he won the honourary title “The Father of the Modern Air Conditioner”.(共67张PPT)
　
Part 3
Reading Club 1,Reading Club 2,
Check Your Progress
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1.fibre　　　　　 n.
2.mass n.
adj.
3.sailor n.
4.mechanical adj.
阅读单词
(木材、碳等天然材料的)纤维
大量,大宗
大量的
水手,海员
机械的
1. 　　 vi.& vt.(使)爆炸;急剧增长
2. vt.控制,管理
3. vt.保存(食物),腌制;维护,保护
n.腌菜,果酱
核心单词
explode
regulate
preserve
1.illustrate vt.说明,阐明;给(书籍、文章等)加插图→ n.示例;说明;插图→ n.插图画家
2.specifically adv.特定地,专门地→ adj.特定的;明确的
3.accurate adj.正确的,准确的→ adv.精确地,准确地→
n.准确性,精确度;精确,准确
4.electric adj.用电的,带电的,电动的→ n.电,电流,电力
运用词汇
illustration
illustrator
specific
accurately
accuracy
electricity
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1. 　　　 与……有联系
2. 由……制成
3. 活字印刷术
4. 充满……
5. 目的是……
6. 为了……
7. 被送到……
8. 依赖,依靠
be associated with
be made from
the movable-type printing
be filled with
be designed to
for the purpose of
be delivered to...
rely on
重点句型
1.(毕昇的)这个发明可以更快更容易地复制书面作品,这导致了书籍和文学作品的第一次大规模印刷。
This invention
and the first ever mass-production of books and literature.
2.如果没有发明电梯的话,像北京、上海、香港这样的中国现代城市将会是非常不同的模样。
Modern Chinese cities like Beijing,Shanghai and Hong Kong
indeed if the elevator .
made it much quicker and easier to reproduce written work
led to
would look
very different
hadn’t been invented
学习理解·语篇解构
Reading Club 1
paper
多维解读·深度剖析
■
■
producing
used
weapons
Printing
compass
Europeans
Reading Club 2
tasks
clocks
refrigerator
imagine
lives
skylines
精研细读·深层理解
■
■
1.How was early paper made in ancient times
Early paper was made from bamboo fibre.The plant was put in water and then beaten to a pulp.This pulp was then dried into fine sheets.
2.What was the most important influence of printing on people in China
Books became more widely available to the public;general literacy in China was a lot better than anywhere else in the world.
3.What was the clock made by the ancient Egyptians like
It was simply a stone,bowl-shaped container with a hole at the bottom.
4.How do refrigerators work today
They use gases to cool the inside of the container.
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
◆explode vi.& vt.(使)爆炸;急剧增长
1.Early Chinese scientists discovered how they could make something explode.
早期的中国科学家们发现了怎样让某种东西爆炸。
归 纳 拓 展
(1)explode with anger/rage 勃然大怒
explode into...爆发/引发/导致……
(2)explosion n.爆炸;急剧增长
French strawberries do not taste like cardboard.Instead,they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.(2021新高考全国Ⅰ,七选五)
法国草莓吃起来不像硬纸板。相反,它们会像美味的小炸弹一样在你嘴里爆浆。
There was a huge bang as if someone had exploded a rocket outside.
突然一声巨响,仿佛有人在外面引爆了火箭似的。
He told a joke which made Hank explode with laughter.
他讲了个笑话,逗得汉克大笑起来。
The continued tension could explode into more violence.
持续的紧张局势会引发更多的暴力事件。
The entrance to the train station was closed off following the explosion.
爆炸发生后随即封锁了火车站入口。
explode into...爆发/引发/导致……
单句语法填空
①Do you fear that you’ll burst into tears or explode 　　　　 anger in front of her
②The room exploded 　　　　 a mess when the fire alarm went off.
③There were two loud 　　 　　 (explode) and then the building burst into flames.
语境运用
with
into
explosions
完成句子
④可得到的食物的增多导致鹿的数量激增。
The increased availability of food has 　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
caused the deer population to explode
◆mass n.大量,大宗;团,块,堆 adj.大量的
2.This invention made it much quicker and easier to reproduce written work and led to the first ever mass-production of books and literature.
(毕昇的)这个发明可以更快更容易地复制书面作品,这导致了书籍和文学作品的第一次大规模印刷。
归纳 拓展
a mass of=masses of 大量,大批
be a mass of 布满,充满
the masses 群众,大众
I struggled through the mass of people to the exit.
我在人群里挤来挤去,挤到了出口处。
A mass of snow and rocks fell down from the mountain.
从山上滚下来一堆积雪和石块。
a mass of=masses of 大量,大批
The rose bushes are a mass of flowers in June.
六月的玫瑰丛花团锦簇。
Literary works of this kind are well received by the masses.
这样的文学作品很受群众欢迎。
be a mass of 布满,充满
温馨提示
a mass of/masses of表示“大量”,既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词,后跟名词作主语时,谓语动词根据所修饰名词的数决定其单复数形式。
There is a mass of work for us to do.
我们有大量的工作要做。
There were masses of children in the yard.
院子里有一大群孩子。
单句语法填空
①On his desk are 　　 　　 (mass) of books and papers.
②Masses of work 　　　　 (be) waiting for him to deal with.
完成句子
③纸上写满了密密麻麻的数字。
The page was covered with 　　　　　　 　　　　　　.
masses
语境运用
is
a mass of/masses of figures
◆navigate v.导航, 航行;确定(船、飞机、汽车等的)位置和方向
3.By the 11th century,the Chinese were using highly developed compasses to navigate their ships at sea.(教材P65)
到11世纪,中国人就能够使用高度发达的指南针,在海上为他们的船只导航。
归 纳 拓 展
(1)navigate by根据……导航
(2)navigation n.导航
(3)navigator n.领航员;驾驶员
How do you navigate your way through a forest
你怎样才能设法走出森林
They will be helped by the very latest in navigation aids.
他们将会受益于最新的导航系统。
单句语法填空
①He wants to work as a 　　 　　 (navigate) on a plane in the future.
②Those big sheets of ice remain a threat to 　　　 　 (navigate) on the river.
③In ancient times,sailors 　　 　　 (navigate) with the help of stars.
④Now the Chinese people can navigate 　　　　 the Beidou system.
语境运用
navigator
navigation
navigated
by
◆illustrate vt.说明,阐明;给(书籍、文章等)加插图
4.To illustrate this,let’s have a look at three simple inventions: the clock,the refrigerator and the elevator.
为了说明这一点,让我们来看一下三个简单的发明:钟表、冰箱和电梯。
归 纳 拓 展
(1)illustrate...with... 用……给……加插图
(2)illustration n.插图;实例,例证
by way of illustration 作为例证/说明
In a piece from 2018,Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic:Every 60 seconds,a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean.(2021全国乙,阅读理解C)
在2018年的一篇文章中,冯·黄想要说明一个具体的统计数据:每60秒就有一卡车的塑料进入海洋。
All the pages are abundantly illustrated with colour photographs.
每页都配有丰富的彩色照片。
By way of illustration,he described the loneliness after his wife died.
作为例证,他描述了妻子死后他的孤独。
illustrate...with... 用……给……加插图
by way of illustration 作为例证/说明
单句语法填空
①His lecture was illustrated 　　　　 slides taken during the expedition.
②We may use final examination in school as an 　　 　　 (illustrate).
完成句子
③我再举个例子来说明这个难点。
Let me give another example 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　.
④他为那本书配了一些黑白照片。
He has 　　　　　　　　　 　 black-and-white photographs.
语境运用
with
illustration
to illustrate this difficult point
illustrated the book with
◆regulate vt.控制,管理;调节
5.One regulates almost everything we do,another affects the way we eat,and the last has changed the very look of our cities.
其中,一个发明要规划我们做的几乎每一件事情,另一个发明影响了我们吃饭的方式,最后一个发明改变了我们城市的面貌。
归 纳 拓 展
(1)regulation n.管理;规则
market regulation市场调节
(2)regulator n.监管者,监管机构;调节器,校准器
It’s an important process that helps to regulate the global climate.
这是一个有助于调节全球气候的重要过程。
The activities of credit companies are regulated by law.
信贷公司的业务受法律监管。
In no case can I make an exception to this regulation.
在任何情况下,我都不能对这一规定破例。
Government is being asked to investigate why it took so long for the regulators to shut the plant down.
人们要求政府调查为什么监管机构花了这么长时间才关闭该工厂。
单句语法填空
①A country must have a good market 　 　　　 (regulate) system.
②He worked as a 　　　 　 (regulate) in a clock factory.
③Your watch goes slow.It should 　　 　　 (regulate) soon.
语境运用
regulation
regulator
be regulated
◆preserve vt.保存(食物),腌制;维护,保护 n.腌菜,果酱
6.Thousands of years ago,people realised that they could preserve meat by burying it in snow.
几千年以前,人们意识到可以通过把肉埋到雪里来进行保鲜。
归 纳 拓 展
(1)preserve...from... 保护……免受……
(2)preservation n.维护,保护;保存,防腐
Freezing isn’t a bad way of preserving food.
冷冻不失为一种保存食物的好方法。
We have taken measures to preserve our wetland from destruction.
我们已采取措施保护我们的湿地免遭破坏。
Refrigerators give people an effective tool for food preservation.
电冰箱给人们提供了食品保鲜的有效工具。
preserve...from... 保护……免受……
单句语法填空
①This may have preserved the elephant 　　　　 being wiped out in Africa.
②Our ultimate goal must be the 　　　 　 (preserve) of the environment.
③The ancient vase was well 　　 　　 (preserve) by the archaeologists.
语境运用
from
preservation
preserved
完成句子
④成立这个组织是为了保护这些语言不会消失。
The organisation was set up to 　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　.
preserve the languages from disappearing
重点句式
1.This invention made it much quicker and easier to reproduce written work and led to the first ever mass-production of books and literature.
(毕昇的)这个发明可以更快更容易地复制书面作品,这导致了书籍和文学作品的第一次大规模印刷。
◆make it+adj./adj.比较级+to do
归纳拓展
That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.(2021浙江6月,七选五)
这使得学习和练习它变得格外困难。
The distraction of irrelevant information makes it difficult for learners to concentrate.
不相关信息的干扰使学习者难以集中注意力。
单句语法填空
①What has made 　　　　 easier for you to finish your task
②The new method has made it faster 　　 　　 (deliver) the goods.
③The boss made it clear 　　　　 he would retire the next year.
语境运用
it
to deliver
that
2.For example,rockets carrying gunpowder could be launched at enemy soldiers from a bamboo tube.
例如,携带火药的火箭可以从一个竹管向敌人的士兵发射。
◆现在分词短语作定语
归纳拓展
A young man writing novels came to speak to us yesterday.
一位写小说的青年昨天来向我们作报告。
A man calling himself Peter telephoned you just now.
刚才一个自称彼得的男人给你打了电话。
单句语法填空
①A little child 　　　 　 (learn) to walk often falls.
②We went through the back door to avoid 　　 　　 (meet) him.
③　　 　　 (work) in the factory,he made a lot of friends.
语境运用
learning
meeting
Working
3.Modern Chinese cities like Beijing,Shanghai and Hong Kong would look very different indeed if the elevator hadn’t been invented.
如果没有发明电梯的话,像北京、上海、香港这样的中国现代城市将会是非常不同的模样。
◆错综时间虚拟条件句
归纳拓展
If you had followed my advice,you would be better now.
如果你听从了我的建议,你现在将会更好。
If it rained tomorrow,the event would be cancelled.
如果明天下雨,活动将会取消。
单句语法填空
①If he 　　　　 (have) time now,he would go with you.
②If you 　　 　　(take) my advice then,you wouldn’t be in trouble now.
③If the doctor hadn’t tried his best to save you,you wouldn’t
(stand) here now.
语境运用
had
had taken
be standing
长难句分析
Scientists and engineers from ancient civilisations used ropes to lift heavy objects,but it wasn’t until 1857 that a man called Elisha Otis designed and built a machine that used hydraulics to carry people between the floors of a building.
早期文明的科学家和工程师们用绳子来提起重物,但是,直到1857年,一个叫以利沙·奥蒂斯的人设计并修建了一个机器,这个机器能用液压系统运载人们穿梭于建筑物的不同的楼层之间。
本句为but连接的并列复合句,第二个分句使用了强调句型,被强调部分为 not until 1857;machine后面是that引导的定语从句。
单句情境写作
①工作了一天后他累了,但直到他在医院工作的妻子回到家,他才上床睡觉。
语境运用
He was tired after working all day,but it was not until his wife who works in hospital came home that he went to bed.
②他一直被告知核电是安全的,但是直到现在他才意识到,核电潜在的危险性有多大。
He has always been told nuclear power is safe,but it is not until now that he realises how dangerous it can be.
进阶提升·写作微练
常见的关于时间的表达法
常用词汇
课文词汇
1.about 2,000 years ago　　 大约2 000年以前
2.in 1045 AD 在公元1045年
3.in the eighth century AD 在公元8世纪
4.by the third century 到3世纪
5.thousands of years ago 几千年以前
补充词汇
6.in the 1930s 在20世纪30年代
7.on 15th March,2022 在2022年3月15日
8.in the morning/ 在早上/下午/晚上
afternoon/evening
9.on the morning/ 在……的早上/
afternoon/evening of... 下午/晚上
10.at three o’clock/ 在3点钟/
half past two/ 2点30分/
a quarter to six 5点45分
11.at the end of April 在四月底
12.by the end of the year 到年底为止
常用句型
课文原句
1.The ancient Chinese invented and were using paper about 2,000 years ago.
大约2 000年以前,古代中国人发明并使用纸张。
2.A Chinese craftsman called Bi Sheng invented the movable-type printing in 1045 AD.
公元1045年,一位名叫毕昇的中国工匠发明了活字印刷术。
3.Gunpowder was invented by the Chinese in the eighth century AD.
在公元8世纪,中国人发明了火药。
4.Thousands of years ago,people realised that they could preserve meat by burying it in snow.
几千年以前,人们意识到可以通过把肉埋到雪里来进行保鲜。
5.In China,20 years ago,refrigerators were on the list of “Three New Big Things” for people to buy to improve their lives.
20年以前,在中国,冰箱是人们购买来改善生活的“新三大件”之一。
其他表达
6.I think life in the 2050s will be entirely different from life today.
我认为21世纪50年代的生活将与今天的生活截然不同。
微写作训练
1.三年前,她放弃了教学工作。从那以后,她一直在一家大公司工作。
She gave up teaching three years ago.Since then,she has been working for a big company.
2.摇滚乐发展于20世纪50年代和60年代初。
Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.

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