资源简介

(共23张PPT)
语法部分　
专题十　特殊句式
第三部分　其他词法与特殊句式
一、 规则回顾
(一) 倒装句
典句研读 规则归纳
完全倒装 Here goes the story. 1. 以here、there、off、out、in、up、down、away、now、then等开头，句子谓语是come、go、fly等不及物动词或be动词，且其主语不是人称代词时，通常使用完全倒装。
Away flew the bird.
Then came another question.
典句研读 规则归纳
完全倒装 In the cottage lives a family of six. 2. 表示地点的介词短语置于句首，句子谓语是表示存在意义的不及物动词
(如lie、stand、live等)，且句子主语为名词(短语)时，使用完全倒装。
On either side of the great avenue stood many buildings.
Gone are the days when he was looked down upon. 3. 为保持句子平衡或强调表语部分，可将做表语的形容词、分词、介词短语等置于句首，构成完全倒装。
Standing around the teacher were her students.
Such were his last words. 4. such位于句首，使用完全倒装。
典句研读 规则归纳
部分倒装 He once went abroad for further study. So did I． 1. so/neither/nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语，表示前面所述的情况也适用于后者，构成部分倒装。
One of my friends cannot speak foreign languages. Neither/Nor can his wife.
典句研读 规则归纳
部分倒装 Not until twelve o’clock did he go to bed last night. 2. 否定副词或部分短语置于句首时(否定词修饰主语除外)，句子通常采用部分倒装，常见的有：not、never、seldom、hardly、little、nowhere、rarely、scarcely、by no means、in no way、at no time、not until、no sooner … than …、hardly … when …、not only … but (also) … 等。
Not only was the city polluted, but (also) the streets were crowded.
Hardly had he finished his speech when the audience started cheering.
典句研读 规则归纳
部分倒装 Successful as he is, he is not proud. 3. as/though引导的让步状语从句中，通常使用倒装语序(表语/状语/动词＋as/though＋主语)。
Try as I might, I could not lift the stone.
So serious was the situation that everybody faced a test. 4. so/such … that … 句型中，so/such部分放在句首，该部分需采用部分倒装。
Such a fine day is it that we’d like to play outside.
典句研读 规则归纳
部分倒装 Were I you, I would go with them. 5. 当if引导的虚拟条件句中含有were、had、should时，可以把if省略，将were、had、should提到从句的句首构成倒装。
Should he come, say “Nobody in” to him.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 6. only与副词、介词短语及状语从句连用放在句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。
Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.
(二) 强调句
典句研读 规则归纳
It is my mother that/who does the cooking every day. 1. It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分．
(强调成分：主语、宾语、状语，被强调部分指人时，用who或that皆可；指物时，只能用that)
It was the beautiful lady that/who I met in the hotel yesterday.
It was in Beijing that we visited the Bird’s Nest and Water Cube.
Was it in 2012 that the 30th Olympic Games were held in London？ 2. Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分？
典句研读 规则归纳
How was it that your brother succeeded in finishing the difficult task？ 3. 特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他成分？
It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it. 4. It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分．
She does like English. 5. 强调谓语时，要采用“do/does/did＋动词原形”结构。
Do be careful while crossing the street.
典句研读 规则归纳
This beeper works well, but that one doesn’t (work well). 1. 句子成分的省略：
(1) 两个并列分句中，后一分句省略与前一个分句相同的部分；
(2) 表示条件、时间、地点、方式或让步等的状语从句的谓语部分含有be动词，且从句的主语又和主句的主语一致，或者从句的主语是it时，常把从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。
If (it is) necessary, I’ll go with you.
Be careful when (you are) crossing the street.
(三) 省略句
典句研读 规则归纳
He said (that) English is very important and that we should try to learn it well. 2. 宾语从句中that的省略：
宾语从句中常省略that，但及物动词后跟两个或两个以上宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略。
典句研读 规则归纳
—Would you like to go with us —I’m glad to (go with you), but I’m too busy. 3. 不定式的省略：
(1) 在动词不定式并列结构中，或上下文意思明确时，为避免重复，常省略不定式中的动词原形，只保留to。否定式的省略用not to；
(2) 感官动词和使役动词后面做宾补的不定式要省略to；但被动语态中的to不可省略；
(3) 介词but/except前有实义动词do的具体形式时，后面的不定式不带to。
The boy wanted to watch TV but was told by his mother not to (watch TV).
I saw him enter the classroom just now. ＝He was seen to enter the classroom just now.
All he could do was nothing but wait and see.
典句研读 规则归纳
Go away！ 动词原形＋其他成分．
Let me help you. Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他．
Be seated, please！ Be＋表语(名词/形容词)＋其他．
Never do it like that. Do/Be型祈使句的否定式是在肯定式之前加Don’t/Never。
Don’t be so anxious！
Let’s not waste time. Let’s/Let us (not)＋动词原形＋其他．
Don’t let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他．
Don’t let her go there.
(四) 祈使句
典句研读 规则归纳
No parking！ No＋(动)名词．
Do give my regards to your parents. 祈使句的强调形式为：Do＋动词原形＋其他．
Have a/A little patience and we’ll look into it soon. ＝If you have a little patience, we’ll look into it soon. 1. 祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝名词短语＋and＋陈述句＝if条件状语从句＋主句
2. 祈使句＋or＋陈述句＝if … not …＋主句
Work harder, or you’ll fail. ＝If you don’t work harder, you’ll fail.
典句研读 规则归纳
What a clever boy (he is)! ＝How clever a boy (he is)! ＝How clever the boy is！ What＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数(＋主语＋be动词)!
What＋形容词＋可数名词复数/不可数名词(＋主语＋be动词)!
How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数(＋主语＋be动词)!
How＋形容词/副词(＋主语＋谓语)!
How＋主语＋谓语！
What beautiful flowers (they are)！
How wonderful (it is)！
How memories last！
(五) 感叹句
二、 规则应用
(一) 单句语法填空：阅读下列句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. ______ a strange plant! I’ve never seen it before.
2. Jane won’t join us for dinner. Neither ______ Tom.
3. Interesting ___________ it may seem, I don’t like it.
4. If you have a job, ____ devote yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.
5. John opened the door. There _______(stand) a girl he had never seen before.
What
will
as/though
do
stood
6. It is persistence _____ helps us get through tough times in our long journey.
7. Hardly had the bell rung __________ the students rushed out of the classroom immediately.
8. If __________(take) seriously, small suggestions can greatly improve our overall learning efficiency.
9. __________it rain heavily tomorrow, the outdoor sports meeting would be put off until next week.
10. “He saved my son’s life，” said Mrs Brown. “I don’t know _____ to thank him.”(2022新高考Ⅱ卷)
that
when
taken
Should
how
(二) 语篇语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dear Zhang Yang，
1. _____ time flies! It has been half a year since you left your hometown. It is natural for you not to get used to the life there. Here 2. _____(be) some suggestions for you.
How
are
First of all, you should respect the local customs and try to involve yourself in the natives’ lives. Just 3. ____ the saying goes, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” Secondly, 4. __________(be) afraid to communicate with American students and make friends with them. It is friendship 5. ______ will bring you happiness and relaxation. What’s more, 6. _____ not join in more outdoor activities 7. ______ in this way can you relax and have fun. Finally, mind your own manners when 8. _________(get) along with your friends.
as
don’t be
that
why
Only
getting
I 9. ____ hope my suggestions will help. May you adapt to your new life 10. _____ enjoy your stay there!
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
do
and
(三) 微写作(至少使用1～2个特殊句式)。
我们都知道，健康很重要。只有当我们健康的时候，我们才能好好学习、享受生活。然而，许多青少年不注意自己的健康，尤其是在假期。他们花太多时间看电视或玩游戏，这对他们的健康有害。首先，这可能会使他们近视。其次，他们沉迷于在网上聊天，很少出去走动，所以他们的身体变得虚弱得多。第三，他们将失去与他人面对面交流的机会，这可能会对他们的心理健康产生不良影响。
在我看来，他们必须少花点时间在电视或电脑前，应该出去锻炼一下，做一些运动，拜访一些朋友。
As we all know, health is very important. Only when we are healthy can we study well and enjoy life. However, many teenagers don’t pay any attention to their health, especially during the holiday. And they spend too much time watching TV or playing games, which is bad for their health. Firstly, this may make them get near-sighted. Secondly, seldom do they move about for addiction to chatting on the Internet, so their bodies become much weaker. Thirdly, they do lose the chance to communicate with others face to face, which may have a bad effect on their mental health.
In my opinion, they must spend less time in front of the TV or the computer. They should go out to take some exercise, play some sports and visit some friends.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
谢谢观看
Thank you for watching(共36张PPT)
语法部分　
专题五　谓语动词
第二部分　动词体系
一、 规则回顾
(一) 动词的时态(高中英语常见种类)
典句研读 规则归纳
一般现在时 We always care for each other and help each other. 1. 经常发生的或习惯性的动作或状态，常与always、usually、seldom、sometimes、every day、now and then、once a week等时间状语连用。
2. 客观事实或普遍真理。
3. 按计划、规定、安排要发生的动作或事件，但仅限于go、arrive、leave、start、stay、return、begin、come等动词。
The science teacher told us the Earth moves around the sun.
The plane takes off at 8:00 a.m. and arrives in Beijing at 11:00 a.m.
典句研读 规则归纳
一般现在时 She lives in a villa at the foot of the hill. 4. 眼下或目前等现在时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，这种状态带有一定的持续性。
5. 在时间/条件/方式/让步状语从句中，表示将来的动作。
Whatever happens, you should keep cool-headed.
典句研读 规则归纳
现在进行时 Kimberly is writing an article, so don’t disturb her. 1. 说话时正在进行的动作。
2. 现阶段一直在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行。
3. 按计划或安排要进行的动作，只限于go、come、stay、leave、start、begin、arrive、return、fly、drive等动词。
4. 与always、forever、constantly、continually、all the time等时间状语连用表示重复的动作，常表达赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等感情。
5. 在时间/条件状语从句中代替将来进行时。
I’ve heard that preparations are being made for the coming festival. Let’s give them a hand.
Mr Smith is coming next Sunday.
He is always thinking of others first.
If I am sleeping when she comes, wake me up please.
典句研读 规则归纳
现在完成时 This is the first time that I have watched a play. 1. 过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
2. 过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，必须使用延续性动词，往往和表示一段时间的状语连用，如for、since、so far、recently、up to now等。
3. 在时间/条件状语从句中，现在完成时代替将来完成时，表示将来某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。
This is the best film (that) I’ve ever seen.
It has been six years since I came here.
If you have finished reading the magazine before I leave, please give it back to me.
典句研读 规则归纳
现在完成进行时 Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases. 1. 从过去某个时间开始一直持续到现在的动作，并有可能仍在持续。
2. 一直到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复的动作，常带有感彩。
This is what I have been expecting since my childhood.
Time has been flying so quickly！
You have been telling me not to be late all the way.
典句研读 规则归纳
一般过去时 Where did you go yesterday？ 1. 在过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态，常与yesterday、last night、the other day等时间状语连用。
2. 在过去某一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作或状态。
3. 在时间/条件/让步状语从句中代替过去将来时。
4. 用于一些固定句型中表示虚拟语气，如：It is time that sb did sth/If only sb did sth等。
When I was in the countryside, I often called on my old friends there.
We would not leave until she came back.
It is time that the kids went to bed.
典句研读 规则归纳
过去进行时 What were you doing at this time yesterday？ 1. 过去某一时刻或某一阶段内正在进行或频繁发生的动作。
2. 过去某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生。
3. 表示客气、礼貌或不确定。
4. come、go、leave、arrive等动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来。
When I came home, she was cooking dinner.
I was wondering if you could do me a favour.
He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.
典句研读 规则归纳
过去完成时 By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. 1. 过去某一时间或动作前已完成的动作或动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直持续到过去的另一时间，常用的时间状语有：by/until/before/by the end of＋过去的某一时间点。
2. 未能实现的愿望或意图，常用hope、expect、mean、intend、want、suppose等表示“本想做而未做”。
He said that he had finished his homework.
We had intended to come and see you.
典句研读 规则归纳
过去完成时 Hardly/Scarcely had she gone to bed when the bell rang. 3. 在表示“一……就……”的句型中，如hardly/scarcely/rarely … when … 和no sooner … than …，后面的从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时且用部分倒装。
4. It/This was the first/second time that … 句型中，that 从句的谓语要用过去完成时。
It was the first time that she had seen him in person.
典句研读 规则归纳
一 般将来时 He is going to move to Beijing with his wife. 1. be going to do表示打算、计划、准备要做的事或有迹象表明要发生的动作。
2. shall/will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时做出的决定。
3. be to do表示按计划或安排要做某事，还可以表示吩咐、命令、禁止等。
4. be about to do/be on the point of doing表示“即刻，就要”，后面一般不接时间状语(从句)。
If it is fine, we will go fishing.
They are to meet at the gate of the school.
She is about to call her friend.
典句研读 规则归纳
过去将来时 He said he would wait for us at the bus stop. 1. should/would do表示未来的动作或状态或表示一种趋向动作。
2. was/were going to do表示按计划或安排即将发生或根据当时情况判断有可能但不一定会发生的事。
3. was/were about to do表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。
4. was/were to do表示事先商定、安排或准备要做的事情，还可表示命中注定要发生的事、义务、责任、需要等。
I didn’t know if he would come.
I was going to buy a car then.
She was about to say something more but she checked herself.
The building was to be completed the next month.
典句研读 规则归纳
将来进行时 We shall be meeting at the cinema at 5 o’clock this afternoon. 1. 将来某一时间正在进行的动作或按计划、安排预计将要发生的事。
2. 将来某一时刻开始，并持续下去的动作，常用于礼貌的询问、要求等。
Will you be having supper with us this evening？
将来完成时 They will have been married for 15 years by then. 1. 某事持续到将来某一时刻为止一直有的状态。
2. 在将来某一时刻或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作。
I shall have finished reading the book by the end of this month.
(二) 动词的语态(被动语态：主语是动作的承受者或行为的对象)
典句研读 特殊情况
一般现在时的 被动语态 This team is called a cheer-leading squad. 1. 不能用被动语态：
(1) 不及物动词(短语)，如happen、disappear、take place等；
(2) 表示状态的动词，如cost、last、hold等；
现在进行时的 被动语态 He is being interviewed by the headmaster now.
现在完成时的 被动语态 The machine has already been repaired．
典句研读 特殊情况
一般过去时的 被动语态 He was made to work all day long. (3) 表示归属的动词(短语)，如have、own、belong to等；
(4) 表示“希望，意图”的动词，如wish、want、hope、like等。
过去进行时的 被动语态 Several patients were being treated in the local hospital at that time.
过去完成时的 被动语态 By the time he died in 2016, Ali had been recognized as one of the greatest boxers of all time.
典句研读 特殊情况
一般将来时的 被动语态 The problem is going to/will be discussed at the meeting. 2. 主动表被动：
(1) 系动词＋形容词/名词，如look、taste、turn等；
(2) 表示主语某种属性特征的动词，常有副词(easily、well等)修饰，如wash、sell等；
(3) 表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin、finish、start等；
(4) 动名词或不定式主动形式表示被动意义。
过去将来时的 被动语态 The news would be sent to the soldier’s mother as soon as it arrived.
将来完成时的 被动语态 The book will have been published by the end of next month.
(三) 主谓一致(语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三原则)
典句研读 规则归纳
语法一致原则 Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day. 主语是单个不可数名词、动名词、不定式或从句时，谓语动词用单数；若为and连接的并列结构，并列的各项被视为一个整体或一个概念时，谓语动词用单数，并列的各项被视为不同的、独立的事物或概念时，谓语动词用复数。
To get up early and to go to sleep early is good for your health.
Reading books and watching movies are my favourite hobbies.
典句研读 规则归纳
语法一致原则 Nobody wants to go there. 由“some/any/no/every＋one/thing/body”构成的复合代词和代词each、either、neither、one、the other、another、no one等做主语时，谓语动词用单数。
I don’t think either of them is at home.
Neither student has passed the exam.
典句研读 规则归纳
语法一致原则 Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process. “many a(n)/more than one＋单数可数名词”做主语时，尽管意义上表示复数，但谓语动词仍用单数。
More than one student has visited the exhibition.
典句研读 规则归纳
语法一致原则 The teacher as well as his students was very excited. 主语后面跟有with、along with、together with、besides、as well as、but、except、rather than、like、including、in addition to时，谓语动词的单复数与前面的主语保持一致。
Nobody but his parents knows the truth.
This is the boy who is to see you. 定语从句中关系词做主语时，从句中的谓语动词单复数形式要与先行词保持一致。
The boys who are playing football there are my best friends.
典句研读 规则归纳
意义一致原则 The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls. family、class、team、group等集体名词做主语，若指一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若指具体成员，谓语动词用复数；people、police等集体名词做主语时，谓语动词必须用复数；clothing、poetry、furniture、luggage等集体名词做主语时，谓语用单数。
The class are doing an experiment.
The police are looking into the accident.
If your luggage is overweight, you’ll have to pay extra.
典句研读 规则归纳
意义一致原则 A number of players are from Jiangsu. “a number of＋名词复数”做主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of＋名词复数”做主语时，谓语动词用单数。
The number of the students in our class is 50.
About one third of the books are worth reading. “分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”做主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数及其表示的意义。
Only 60 per cent of the work was done yesterday.
典句研读 规则归纳
意义一致原则 The disabled have equal opportunities in society now. “the＋形容词”表示一类人(the poor、the rich、the old、the young等)，做主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The old are taken good care of in this area.
The injured have been taken to hospital.
典句研读 规则归纳
意义一致原则 Ten thousand kilometres is a long distance. 表示时间、距离、价格、度量等的复数名词或短语做主语时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把它们看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调的是多个独立的时间，谓语动词也可以用复数。
Five years is too long a time for her.
Five years have passed since he went to America.
典句研读 规则归纳
就近一致原则 Not only the teacher but also the students are going there. 由neither … nor …、either … or …、not only … but also …、not … but …、or 等连接的两个并列名词(短语)或代词做主语时，谓语动词的单复数要和离它最近的主语保持一致。
Only one or two students were late today.
There is a chair and two tables in the room. there be结构中，使用就近原则。
There were four bananas and an orange left.
二、 规则应用
(一) 单句语法填空：阅读下列句子，用所给动词的适当形式填空。
Group 1: 能力训练题
1. I _____(get) two postcards from her last week.
2. He said he ____________________(go) to New York next month.
3. I arrived late and missed the flight. I _________________(expect) the traffic to be so heavy.
4. By the time my mother came back from work, my sister and I ____________(cook) supper and were waiting for her at the table.
got
was going/would go
hadn’t expected
had cooked
5. —Has Tom finished his homework
—No, I’m afraid he ____________(finish) it yet. But he ____________(do) his homework the whole day and I think he will finish it in an hour.
6. I ________________(take) an exam between 2:30 and 4:30 tomorrow afternoon, so I can’t go skating with you.
7. It was the first time that his life story _______________(tell) to us.
8. The first time I met him, he ________________(scold) by his older sister.
9. My bike _______________(repair) at present.
hasn’t finished
has been doing
will be taking
had been told
was being scolded
is being repaired
10. The plan __________________(study) by the experts for three times.
11. The number of the students in that school _____(have) greatly increased in recent years.
12. Every man and woman _____(have) gotten the hang of using computers in the company.
13. Tom is the only one of the students in our class who _____(have) ever chatted with her.
14. A new proposal along with a series of reasons _____(have) been put forward.
15. Between the two rows of trees _______(stand) the teaching building.
has been studied
has
has
has
has
stands
Group 2: 高考真题
1. A decent winner always _______(try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture(姿态) of respect for the other side.(2025全国一卷)
2. And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent” of freshly sunned clothes ____(be) one of them.(2025全国二卷)
3. By the time you brushed your teeth, you __________(make) several decisions even without noticing.(2025北京卷)
tries
is
had made
4. However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists ______(leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year.(2025北京卷)
5. The concept ____(be) certainly not new—men have been renting good suits for decades—but for female shoppers, it is just taking off.(2025浙江1月卷)
6. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse _______(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)
left
is
walks
7. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ______________(start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions.(2024浙江1月卷)
8. On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___________(name) the world’s oldest living man.(2024北京卷)
9. As a little girl, I ________(wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.(2023新课标Ⅱ卷)
10. Up to now, China _______________(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.(2023北京卷)
have started
was named
wished
has established
(二) 语篇语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Recently, a video series named “Escape from the British Museum” 1. __________(go) viral. As a three-episode series directed by two Chinese vloggers, it 2. _______(tell) the journey of how a Chinese jade teapot escapes from the British Museum and finds its own way back to China. Viewers 3. ___________(move) by a scene where the little teapot exclaims “Such a big cabinet is shared only by two people！” upon arrival at the place of the journalist and his friend.
has gone
tells
are moved
A few days ago, the British Museum claimed to be the victim of “cultural theft” which, if we look back to the history, 4. ____(be) apparently what China has indeed suffered from. Statistics have shown that there are 5. _______________(approximate) 23,000 Chinese relics in the British Museum, with about 2,000 of them on long-term display. These priceless relics involve nearly all 6. __________(art) categories. They 7. _____________(number) and packed in glass cabinets so that their origins 8. _______________(conceal).
is
approximately
artistic
are numbered
are concealed
It is reported that there are three common ways to retrieve lost Chinese cultural artifacts: purchase, donation, and demands. From 1949 to 2019, a total of 150,000 Chinese relics in over 300 batches 9. ________________(recover). Recent years 10. ___________(see) more batches reclaimed thanks to combined efforts. May all of our lost cultural treasures come back home soon!
were recovered
have seen
(三) 微写作(至少使用1～2个含时态、语态用法的句子)。
我从小就是一个动物爱好者，红山动物园多年来一直是我最喜欢的地方。去年十月，我兴奋地得知动物园引进了罕见的大猩猩。从那以后，我一直密切关注着它们的成长，并多次参观动物园。每次我观察它们，我都会注意到它们的行为和互动的新变化。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I have always been an animal lover since my childhood, and the Hongshan Zoo has been my favourite place for years. Last October, I was thrilled to learn that the zoo had introduced rare gorillas. Since then, I have been following their growth closely and have visited them several times. Each time I observe them, I notice new changes in their behaviour and interactions.
谢谢观看
Thank you for watching(共27张PPT)
语法部分　
专题一　句子成分、结构及基本句型
第一部分　句法结构
一、 规则回顾
(一) 句子成分
句子成分 典句研读 规则归纳
主语 Subject New members will receive extra guidance on Saturday mornings. 主语是谓语所表示的动作的发出者，一般位于句子开头，一般不能省略。可以做主语的有：名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式、从句等。
Mastering a foreign language will be of great help in our life.
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
句子成分 典句研读 规则归纳
谓语 Predicate He practises running every morning. 谓语用来说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语通常由动词或动词短语构成，一般放在主语之后。
A big plan occurred to him.
In this exhibition, you can see paper-cutting with all kinds of patterns.
句子成分 典句研读 规则归纳
宾语 Object You should pay attention to your teacher in class. 宾语是动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词(短语)或介词的后面。可以做宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等。
She ordered herself a new dress．
Doctors often advise us to pay more attention to our diets.
句子成分 典句研读 规则归纳
表语 Predicative Paper-cutting is a traditional art form in China. 表语一般位于系动词之后，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态。可以做表语的有：名词(短语)、代词、数词、形容词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等。
He always kept silent at the meeting.
The children in the park are in high spirits．
句子成分 典句研读 规则归纳
定语 Attributive The little boy needs a blue pen. 定语对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用，汉语中常用“……的”表示。单个词做定语通常位于被修饰的成分前，而短语或从句做定语时，则要放在被修饰的成分之后。可以做定语的有：形容词、动词不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等。
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday．
Athletes from our school team have won many gold medals of table tennis contests in recent years.
句子成分 典句研读 规则归纳
状语 Adverbial Actually I am very fond of Tang poems. 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。状语可位于句首、句中或句尾。可以做状语的有：副词、动词不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格、从句等。
The boy likes the pen bought by his mother very much．
The game was cancelled due to heavy rain．
句子成分 典句研读 规则归纳
补语 Complement We’ll try our best to make our country more and more beautiful． 在主动语态的句子中，一些及物动词的宾语后可能加上一个补语，对其作进一步补充说明，该补语叫作宾语补足语(在被动语态中，补充说明主语的成分叫作主语补足语)。可以做补语的有名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词等。
The old house was found completely empty．
To his surprise, Jack found his son dressed as Santa Claus on Christmas Eve.
句子成分 典句研读 规则归纳
同位语 Appositive We students should study hard. 同位语是一个名词(或其他形式)对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明。可以做同位语的有：名词、代词、动名词、从句等。
Beijing, the capital of China, is a thriving international metropolis.
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill．
(二) 五种基本句型
句型 典句研读 规则归纳
SV (主＋谓) We | will learn | from 8:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. 该句型常用来表示主语的动作或状态。句子的谓语动词为不及物动词，能表达完整的意思，可以加副词、介词短语、动词不定式等做状语。
In order to keep fit, we | should exercise | regularly.
句型 典句研读 规则归纳
SVP (主＋系＋表) He | is | a teacher. 该句型侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样，谓语动词需用系动词(主要是be动词)，表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词等。
This matter | remains | a mystery.
This kind of cloth | feels | very soft.
She | grew | rich | within a short time.
句型 典句研读 规则归纳
SVO (主＋谓＋宾) He | has refused | to help them. 该句型的特点是：谓语动词都具有实际意义，都是主语发出的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟上一个宾语，才能使意思完整。
He | admitted | that he was mistaken.
As an outgoing girl, I | get along well with | my classmates.
句型 典句研读 规则归纳
SVOO (主＋谓＋ 间宾＋直宾) I | showed | him | my pictures. 有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；另一个指物，为直接宾语。一般顺序为：动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语。
She | cooked | her husband | a delicious meal.
He | taught | me | how to run the machine.
句型 典句研读 规则归纳
SVOC (主＋谓＋ 宾＋宾补) The war | made | him | a soldier. 该句型的特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补充说明宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。
New methods | make | the job | easy.
I | often find | him | at work.
I | saw | the boy | taken away by two men.
(三) 句子类别
句子类别 典句研读 规则归纳
简单句 The sun rises in the east. 简单句只包含一个核心主谓结构(可以有并列主语或并列谓语)。
My brother and I sing and dance.
句子类别 典句研读 规则归纳
并列句 The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John. 并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。并列连词分为：
1. 表示平行并列，常用连词有and、not only … but also …、neither … nor …等；
2. 表示选择并列，常用连词有or、either … or …等；
3. 表示转折并列，常用连词有but、yet、while等；
4. 表示因果并列，常用连词有so、for等。
Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively.
August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.
句子类别 典句研读 规则归纳
主从 复合句 I believe that honesty is the best policy． 主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。从句包含：名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句、状语从句等。
What he said made everyone present very angry.
This is the house where my grandfather grew up．
She was reading a novel when I entered the room．
句子类别 典句研读 规则归纳
并列 复合句 I like coffee, but my sister, who lives in France, prefers tea. 并列复合句是并列句和主从复合句的结合体。它同时满足：包含至少两个由并列连词连接的独立分句(即构成并列关系)；至少有一个独立分句中包含一个从句(即该独立分句本身是主从复合句)。
She knew that she had to study hard for the exam, so she turned off her phone and focused on her books until late at night.
二、 规则应用
(一) 指出下列句子属于哪种基本句型。
A. SV(主＋谓)
B. SVP(主＋系＋表)
C. SVO(主＋谓＋宾)
D. SVOO(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)
E. SVOC(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)
(　　)1. To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help is very difficult.
(　　)2. Tom didn’t do his homework yesterday.
(　　)3. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now
(　　)4. The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
(　　)5. My father bought me a new bike last week.
(　　)6. They found the house decorated with beautiful flowers.
(　　)7. They arrived here at 10:00 yesterday morning.
(　　)8. The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
B
C
E
B
D
E
A
C
(二) 用所给的基本句型翻译下列句子。
1. 在这种环境下，师生们正快乐地生活，努力地工作着。(SV)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. 在我看来，一个没有朋友的人永远不会幸福。(SVP)
___________________________________________________________
3. 最后，我们应该经常参加运动和户外活动。(SVO)
___________________________________________________________
In the environment, teachers and students are living happily and working hard.
In my opinion, a person without friends will never be happy.
Finally, we should take part in sports and outdoor activities frequently.
4. 同时，父母给孩子的保护太多了。(SVOO)
___________________________________________________________
5. 作为一名中学生，我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。(SVOC)
___________________________________________________________
At the same time, parents are giving their children too much protection.
As a middle school student, I consider English a very important subject.
(三) 语篇语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Scientists have long understood the key role that oceans play in controlling the Earth’s climate. One of the oceans’ most important climate 1. ___________(function) is absorbing heat and carbon dioxide(CO2), one of the gases that cause global warming. 2. __________(cover) over 70% of the surface of the globe, oceans store a thousand times more heat than the atmosphere does.
functions
Covering
The oceans 3. _______________(absorb) huge amounts of heat and CO2 in the last forty years. In fact, the oceans are saving us from faster climate change—they are putting a brake on the climate system. The bad news is 4. ______ the oceans only slow the atmospheric warming. Once the oceans come up against a greenhouse-gas warmed Earth, the extreme heat will remain in the atmosphere and things will get much 5. ________(hot).
have absorbed
that
hotter
Another important role 6. ________(play) by the oceans is that of distributor. The oceans’ currents carry oxygen, nutrients 7. _____ heat throughout the globe, just as blood tubes bring oxygen and nutrition to cells in the human body. The oceans distribute 25% to 50% of energy 8. ___________ the planet receives from the sun. For example, the Gulf Stream(墨西哥湾流) 9. _________(carry) heat across the Atlantic. This warm current makes northwestern Europe warmer than it would 10. __________ (normal) be.
played
and
that/which
carries
normally
(四) 微写作(至少使用1～2个不同句型)。
发表演讲对我来说仍然是一个挑战，因为我发现在公共场合自信地讲话很难。我新学期的目标是提高我的沟通技能。为了达到这个目标，我会鼓励自己多提问、多回答问题。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Delivering a speech still remains a challenge for me because I find it difficult to speak confidently in public.(主句SVP，从句SVOC) My goal in the new term is to improve my communication skills.(SVP) In order to achieve this goal, I’ll encourage myself to ask and answer more questions.(SVOC)
谢谢观看
Thank you for watching(共31张PPT)
语法部分　
专题九　情态动词与虚拟语气
第三部分　其他词法与特殊句式
一、 规则回顾
(一) 情态动词
典句研读 规则归纳
Many people can use the computer. 1. can/could表示“能力”，也可表示“请求”或“许可”，通常用于疑问句(could用来表示请求时比can委婉，回答时一般用can)。
2. can/could表示“可能性”时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。
Could you please do me a favour？
This can’t be done by him.
典句研读 规则归纳
—Might I go fishing with you tomorrow —Yes, you may/can． 1. may/might表示“允许”，在疑问句中表示“请求”，对might的请求作肯定回答时用may/can。
2. may/might well表示“很可能”；may/might as well表示“最好，倒不如”。
3. may可表示“祝愿”。
4. 表推测时主要用于肯定句或否定句，might的可能性比may小。
You may/might as well stay here.
May you be happy forever！
典句研读 规则归纳
You mustn’t play with the knife, or you may hurt yourself. 1. must表示“必须”，强调主观态度；mustn’t表示“禁止”，是强制的命令。
2. 对must引出的一般疑问句，否定回答多用needn’t/don’t have to，表示“不必，没必要”。
3. must表示有把握的推测，意为“想必，一定”，只用于肯定句。
4. must表示“非要，偏偏”。
—Must I finish this report today —No, you needn’t．/No, you don’t have to. You can hand it in tomorrow.
You’ve been working all day. You must be tired.
If you must smoke, do it outside please.
典句研读 规则归纳
Would you mind opening the window for me？ 1. will/would表示“请求”，would比will语气委婉。
2. will/would表示主观愿望或意志时，意为“愿意”。
3. 表示习惯或倾向时，will表示一般的习惯，would描述过去的习惯或例行的活动。
I will pay for the dinner tonight.
Fish will die without water.
Whenever I visited, she would bake my favourite cookies.
典句研读 规则归纳
Shall we begin our new lesson today？ 1. shall用于第一或第三人称的疑问句时，表示说话人征求对方的意见。
2. shall用于第二或第三人称陈述句时，表示说话人给出的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。
3. shall还可表示法律、协定和条例中的规定或义务等。
You shall be punished for what you’ve done.
Whoever drives through a red light shall be fined at least 200 yuan.
典句研读 规则归纳
You should learn to respect your elders. 1. should表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”。
2. should表示意外、惊讶、忧虑、惋惜等情绪，意为“竟会，竟然”。
3. should表示有一定根据的推测、推论或可能性，意为“按理说，按理应该”，可与ought to互换。
I’m sorry that she should be so selfish.
He should/ought to be here on time—he started early enough.
典句研读 规则归纳
You ought to be on time for such an important meeting. ought to表示理所当然，应该做时，意为“理应，应该”。
You have to be back before 10 o’clock because the train leaves at 10:05. have to表示客观需要，意为“必须，不得不”，强调客观上的必要性。
典句研读 规则归纳
You needn’t come here this afternoon. 1. need表示“必要性”，常用于疑问句和否定句，needn’t表示“不必”。
2. 对need引出的一般疑问句作肯定回答时用must，作否定回答时用needn’t。
—Need I attend the meeting this afternoon —Yes, you must. It’s crucial for the project./No, you needn’t. I’ll send you the minutes later.
典句研读 规则归纳
She daren’t go alone at night. dare意为“敢，胆敢”，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句，一般不用于肯定句。
Someone must have used my umbrella yesterday. I found it wet. must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，意为“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。
典句研读 规则归纳
Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 1. should have done意为“本该做某事(而实际上未做)”。
2. shouldn’t have done意为“本不该做某事(而实际上做了)”。
You knew she was upset. You shouldn’t have said that.
典句研读 规则归纳
He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 1. could have done是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意为“本来能够做某事(而实际上未做)”。
2. can’t/couldn’t have done表示对过去事情的否定推测，意为“不可能做过某事”。
They can’t/couldn’t have finished the work that soon.
Honestly, you might have told me！ might have done意为“本可以做某事(而实际上未做)”。
You needn’t have worked that late last night. It was harmful to your health. needn’t have done意为“本不必做某事(而实际上做了)”。
(二) 虚拟语气
典句研读 规则归纳
If he had time, he would attend the meeting. 1. 用于非真实条件句：
(1) 表示与现在的事实相反
if从句使用一般过去时(did/were)，主句使用would/should/could/might do；
(2) 表示与过去的事实相反
if从句使用过去完成时(had done)，主句使用would/should/could/might have done；
If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed in the exam.
She thinks if she were to live there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often.
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now．
典句研读 规则归纳
If you had studied hard when you were young, you would have a good job now. (3) 表示与将来的事实相反
if从句使用一般过去时(did/were)或should＋动词原形或were to＋动词原形，主句使用would/should/could/might do；
(4) 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整，构成错综条件句；
It might have saved me some trouble had I known the schedule (if I had known …).
典句研读 规则归纳
But for your help/Without your help, we couldn’t have succeeded. (5) 在if引导的虚拟条件句的从句中，谓语动词含有had、were、should时，可以把if省略，将had、were、should提到从句的句首，变成倒装句；
(6) 含蓄条件句：有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达，而是隐含在某些词语或上下文中，常见的有with、without、but for等。
典句研读 规则归纳
His pale face suggested(暗示，表明) that he was ill and I suggested(建议) he (should) have a rest． 5. 在表示“建议”“要求”“命令”等动词后的宾语从句中：
(1) 谓语动词用“(should)＋do” 表示虚拟语气，should可以省略。常用的有：suggest、insist、order、command、advise、propose、recommend、request、require、demand、ask、urge；
典句研读 规则归纳
He insisted(坚持认为) that she was not seriously ill but I insisted(坚持要求) that she (should) be sent to hospital at once. (2) suggest表示“暗示，表明”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气；表示“建议”时，才用虚拟语气；
(3) insist表示“坚持说，坚持认为”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气；表示“坚决要求”时，才用虚拟语气。
典句研读 规则归纳
It is high time that we took/should take some measures to solve the problem. 6. 用于固定句型It’s (about/high/very) time＋that … ：
从句中谓语动词用过去式或者“should＋动词原形”，意为“是某人该做某事的时间了”。
二、 规则应用
(一) 单句语法填空：阅读下列句子，在空白处填入适当的情态动词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Group 1: 能力训练题
1. He paid for a seat, but he _______ have entered the theatre free of charge.
2. He ______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.
3. He is a bad-tempered man, but he _____ be quite kind and patient sometimes.
could
must
can
4. Although this ___________ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.
5. Mary hasn’t come back home by now; she ______ get lost!
6. Bob ________________ have completed the project by now, for he fell ill last week.
7. You _______ have passed the job interview, but you were too nervous.
8. You ____________________(think) over the plan before you put it into practice, but you didn't.
9. I would rather you ________(keep) the secret from others at that time.
10. Since time is limited, we _____________ as well think out a simpler solution at once.
may/might
must
can’t/couldn’t
could
should have thought
had kept
may/might
Group 2: 高考真题
1. What should _________(do) with such a beautiful place？(2024全国甲卷)
2. However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ____________(offer) in smaller packs.(2024浙江1月卷)
3. It used to be that you _______ drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere.(2021天津卷)
be done
be offered
could
4. If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _________________ __________(be) where I am.(2020江苏卷)
5. You missed the sightseeing, or we _________________________ __________(have) a good time together.(2019江苏卷)
wouldn’t/couldn’t/mightn’t be
would/could/should/might have had
(二) 语篇语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Tom and Peter are twins. They look as if they 1. ______(be) the same person. Both the two boys are smart, but Tom is hard-working while Peter is lazy. Tom always wins the first place in the exams while Peter doesn’t. However, people believe if Peter 2. ________(work) as hard as Tom, he would do as well as his brother in his study.
At home, their parents suggest that they 3. _________________(finish) their homework before playing computer games. But Peter insists that it 4. ____(be) OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his homework in time. Their mother gives in in the end.
were
worked
(should) finish
is
One day, when doing his homework, Peter found he made a serious mistake. So he put his exercise book aside and found Tom’s exercise book. He struck out Tom’s name and signed his name on its cover 5. _________(happy), and handed it in as his own homework the next day.
When the teacher told the truth to the twins’ mother, she was very angry and shouted at Peter, “How I wish you 6. ______(be) as diligent as your brother! Now it’s time that I 7. __________________(give) you a good lesson. And you mustn’t play any computer games for a month！”
happily
were
gave/should give
“Oh, no! Mom. Without a computer for such a long time, I 8. ___________(die). I would rather you 9. _______(ask) me to do the dishes for a month alone，” Peter was upset.
“If you 10. ______________(finish) your homework on time yesterday, you wouldn’t be punished now，” said the mother.
would die
asked
had finished
(三) 微写作(至少使用1～2个含情态动词或虚拟语气的句子)。
无论晴雨，汤姆总是第一个到办公室。他家一定离办公室很近，否则他不可能总是准时上班。我多么希望住得离工作地点近一点，这样我就不用每天起那么早了。例如，昨天，如果我没有遇到交通堵塞，我就会像往常一样及时到班。老板对我很生气，他要求我以后一定要早点上班，并说如果我再迟到被抓住，他就要惩罚我。我现在必须停止做所有的事情去睡觉了。我希望明天能按时到班。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Rain or shine, Tom is always the first to arrive at the office. His home must be very close to the office, or he can’t be always in time for work. How I wish that I lived close to work, so that I need not get up so early every day. Yesterday, for example, I would have arrived in time for work as usual if I hadn’t been caught in a traffic jam. The boss was so angry with me that he demanded I should arrive at work early enough later on, saying that if I should be caught being late again/should I be caught being late again, he would punish me. I must stop doing everything and go to bed now. I hope I can arrive at work on time tomorrow.
谢谢观看
Thank you for watching(共15张PPT)
语法部分　
语法填空专项训练一
第一部分　句法结构
课时一
1. Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ____________ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed.
2. During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing _____ arranged the residential areas according to social classes.
3. It’s been an honour to watch the panda programme develop _____ to see the pandas settle into their new home.
4. One of the earliest-known inventions is the bow and arrow, which is still used throughout the world today, 15,000 years _____________ it was first invented.
whether/if
and
and
after/since
5. BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ____________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
6. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ______ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
7. He hung on for a few minutes _____ screamed for his father, but his father didn’t hear him.
8. We need to get to the root of the problem _______________________ we can solve it.
9. On our way to the house, it was raining ____ hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there.
that/which
that
and
before/so that/in order that
so
10. I found the contact information of the company _____ emailed its president.
11. My bike was old and shaky _________ did the job.
12. Over time, _________ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
13. In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index(体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier _____ that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
14. On average, the population becomes older ______ before.
15. I work not because I have to, _____ because I want to.
and
but/yet
as/when
and
than
but
16. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, _____ some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.
17. Although Mary loved flowers, _________ she nor her husband was known as a gardener.
18. ______ is so unbelievable is that he always remains calm in great danger.
19. I’m not sure _____ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
20. You can ask for help _______________________ you need it.
and
neither
What
who
whenever/no matter when
21. The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued(发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation _____ cultural exchanges.
22. At that time, a private car with the words “Welcome southern guests; I’ll give you a free ride” parked in front of us, _____ the driver told us that he could take us to the hotel.
23. If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people _________ you figure it out.
and
and
until/till
24. The sellers from restaurants sell the food door to door, especially in the entertainment places like theatres, _______ are crowded with many people.
25. As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _____ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
which
how
课时二
1. A loaf of home-made bread has simple ingredients such as flour, water, salt and sugar. __________________ you make it yourself, you have control over your ingredients.
2. The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, _____ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations”．
3. As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ___________ suits you best.
Since/As/Because
and
whichever
4. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ____________ showed a mere 5 to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of early deaths from all causes.
5. Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, ___________ plants can spread to new places.
6. Kate, _______ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work.
7. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, _______ it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted through it.
that/which
so (that)
whose
where
8. I have reached a point in my life _______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
9. Hold your dream, ____ you might regret some day.
10. He recently returned home for a visit and wanted to have some barbecue, _________ he failed to find seats in four different restaurants.
11. Atule’er, a 200-year-old village in Sichuan Province, made headlines around the world when photographs emerged in 2016 of schoolchildren going down the cliff(悬崖) on unstable handmade ladders or “sky ladders”, ____ locals called them.
where
or
but/yet
as
12. Compared with more physically demanding sports such as the ball games, swimming or gym workouts, baduanjin is slow and usually accompanied by soft music, ____ it used to be considered as the exclusive sport for the elders.
13. All the neighbours admire this family, ________________________ the parents are treating their child like a friend.
14. But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life，with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
so
where/for/because/since/as
that/which
15. Having survived many centuries, kites have become one of the country’s representative traditional handicrafts, _______ making techniques were included in the list of China’s national intangible cultural heritage in 2006.
16. Technological transformation is affecting the way in _______ people learn and grow.
17. Every spring _________ foggy days moisten the emerald hillsides, villagers know their harvest will come.
18. Many civilian teams actively joined rescue work _________ China increased its aid to neighbouring countries.
whose
which
when/as
as/when
19. Breathwork is thought to influence the vagus nerve, which stretches from the brain to the gut and makes up the majority of ______ is known as the parasympathetic nervous system.
20. Any seasoned language learner will tell you ______ the beauty of mastering a foreign language is the world which it opens up to you.
21. The city was barely known by outsiders _____________ it went viral on Chinese social media platforms recently.
22. Today, the time-honoured folk art of the Jingxi Taiping Drum is being taken up by the young people _____ is presenting its lively artistic charm on a global stage.
what
that
until/till/before
and
23. Traditional Chinese aesthetic concepts are reflected in the drum playing, all of _______ represent distinctive local features.
24. The ruins, _______ core area covers 14.3 square kilometres in the northwest of Hangzhou, are considered as important representation of early urban civilization.
25. And the Ming Dynasty marked a boom in the economy of Suzhou, the very period ______ turned the city into a major cultural centre.
which
whose
that
谢谢观看
Thank you for watching(共22张PPT)
语法部分　
专题八　形容词与副词
第三部分　其他词法与特殊句式
一、 规则回顾
典句研读 规则归纳
It’s an interesting book. (一) 形容词的常见用法：
1. 形容词在句子中做定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。
2. 多个形容词共同修饰一个名词时的排列顺序：限定词＋表评价的形容词＋大小、长短、高低＋形状＋新旧＋颜色＋国别、来源＋材料＋用途或目的＋名词中心词。
3. 形容词做定语修饰名词时，一般放在被修饰的名词前，但在修饰something、anything、someone、somebody等复合代词时，通常位于被修饰的名词之后，做后置定语。
The good news made him happy．
The boy sat in the corner, silent and alone．
They own a charming little old Italian restaurant.
Is there anything wrong with your car？
典句研读 规则归纳
Frankly, I don’t agree with you. (二) 副词的常见用法：
1. 副词做状语，修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。
2. 还可做表语、定语、宾语补足语。
The child smiled happily．
Time is up．
The girls there come from China.
Please ask them out．
典句研读 规则归纳
Students brave enough to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. (三) 特殊用法：
1. enough做副词修饰形容词、副词或动词时，一般位于它们后面；当它做形容词修饰名词时，位于名词之前。
2. 副词very可以修饰形容词或副词原级，但不能修饰动词。
There is enough food in the fridge.
I like English very much.
典句研读 规则归纳
This is certainly the best meal I’ve had all year. (四) 形容词变副词：
1. 一般情况，直接加-ly。
2. 以y结尾的词，变y为i，再加ly，如：angry → angrily; necessary → necessarily (特殊情况：shy → shyly)。
3. 以le结尾的词，去e，再加y，如：gentle → gently; terrible → terribly (特殊情况：whole → wholly)。
The wounded bird flapped its wings clumsily before falling to the ground.
He gently wiped the tears from her cheek.
典句研读 规则归纳
I truly appreciate all the help you’ve given me. 4. 以ue结尾的词，去e，再加ly，如：true → truly (特殊情况：unique → uniquely)。
5. 以ic结尾的词，加ally，如：basic → basically; scientific → scientifically。
6. 以ll结尾的词，直接加y，如：full → fully。
The two theories are basically the same.
I fully support your decision.
典句研读 规则归纳
The final exam was harder than I expected. (五) 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的变化规则：
1. 单音节词直接加er/est。
2. 以字母e结尾的词，加r/st。
3. 以“单个元音字母＋单个辅音字母”结尾的重读闭音节词，要双写末尾辅音字母，再加er/est。
4. 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，变y为i再加er/est。
The largest organ in the body is the liver.
I want some thinner paper.
Chaplin is considered to be one of the funniest actors.
典句研读 规则归纳
He has certainly made more successful films than any other director in the West. 5. 多音节词和部分双音节词，在词前加more/most。
6. 不规则变化，如：
good/well → better → best；
bad/badly → worse → worst；
many/much → more → most；
little → less → least。
Nobody can do the work better than he did.
典句研读 规则归纳
This hill is four times the height of that small one. (六) 倍数句式表达方式：
1. A is 倍数＋the size/length/width/height of B(A是B的几倍大小/长/宽/高).
2. A is 倍数 as＋形容词或副词原级＋as B(A是B的几倍).
3. A is 倍数＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than B(A比B多几倍).
This big stone is three times as heavy as that one.
This hall is five times bigger than our classroom.
二、 规则应用
(一) 单句语法填空：阅读下列句子，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Group 1: 能力训练题
1. If he gets any _______(bad), we'll call the doctor..
2. If food waste were a country, it would be the third _________(large) producer of greenhouse gases in the world.
3. Competition is getting ________(hot) day by day.
4. After two years, the second group saw ____________(remark) improvements in heart health.
worse
largest
hotter
remarkable
5. Qian Xuesen was extremely ______________(knowledge), especially in the area of frontier science research.
6. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don’t exercise, the changes can start even ________(soon).
7. When he looked down, he ______________(accidental) slipped and fell over the edge.
8. This film focuses ______________(specific) on the main character’s most brilliant moments.
9. You’re driving too fast. Can you drive a bit _____________(slowly)
knowledgeable
sooner
accidentally
specifically
more slowly
10. High school is valuable for many reasons, but __________(primary), this is the last low-stakes time in a person’s life when they can learn and explore in a variety of subjects and activities.
11. In France, quality of life is much ________________(important) than efficiency.
12. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far ________ (large) groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
primarily
more important
larger
13. For visitors who prefer a more leisurely pace, they can enjoy horseback rides, take a dip in the hot springs, or ________(simple) sit back and admire the view.
14. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the _________________(successful) conservation programs ever initiated.
15. So there is a _______(true) long way to go before a digital Peking Opera human with real-time interaction capability is created.
simply
most successful
truly
Group 2: 高考真题
1. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, where bamboo and tea bushes grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and _________(center) heating doesn’t exist.(2025全国二卷)
central
2. Maybe this morning you debated whether to get up or stay in bed slightly ________(long).(2025北京卷)
3. In cold weather, the structure stays ________(close) to protect the plants.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)
4. Yellowstone was the _________(large) United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska … took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.(2024全国甲卷)
longer
closed
largest
5. Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, _______(taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.(2023新课标Ⅰ卷)
6. So, what are they learning ___________(basic), how to describe a panda’s life.(2023新课标Ⅱ卷)
tasty
Basically
7. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and _________(simple) in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.(2023浙江1月卷)
8. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and ____________(eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.(2022新高考Ⅰ卷)
9. In the last five years, Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's _________(high) mountain.(2022全国甲卷)
10. That's a big problem and it is getting even _________(bad).(2022北京卷)
simpler
eventually
highest
worse
(二) 语篇语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
The South China National Botanical Garden 1. ____________(official) opened on July 11, 2022 in Guangzhou. It is the second national botanical garden in China, following the China National Botanical Garden in Beijing. With both gardens located in different climate 2. _______(zone), the species of plants that can be conserved in Guangzhou differ 3. __________(complete) from those in the Beijing garden.
officially
zones
completely
With a total area of 333 hectares, the Guangzhou Garden is the 4. _________(large) subtropical(亚热带的) botanical garden in the world, as well as one of 5. _________(China) oldest institutions for botanical research and conservation. It is home to about 17,000 species of plants away from their 6. _________(nature) habitats, including 643 rare plants and 337 wild plant species on national key protection lists. So far, 36 species of 7. ____________ (endanger) plants, such as Camellia azalea and Dunnia sinensis, have returned to the wild thanks to the garden.
largest
China’s
natural
endangered
As one of the countries with the 8. _________(rich) plant diversity in the world, China has more than 37,000 9. _______(know) species of land plants, which account for about 10 per cent of the total in the globe. The founding of the national botanical garden system will enable the country to protect its plant species more 10. _____________(effective).
richest
known
effectively
(三) 微写作(至少使用1～2个形容词或副词)。
音乐对我很有吸引力，我有空的时候总是会听音乐，这把我带到了一个完全不同的世界。这种感觉无法用语言形容。因此，它已经成为我生活中非常重要的一部分了。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Music is so appealing to me that I always listen to music whenever I’m free, which brings me into a totally different world. The feeling is beyond my words. Consequently, it has become an incredibly important part in my life.
谢谢观看
Thank you for watching(共20张PPT)
语法部分　
语法填空专项训练三
第三部分　其他词法与特殊句式
课时一
阅读下列短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(一)
Rich in cultural resources, the Xizang autonomous region is home to traditional handicrafts like thangka paintings, 1. ___ Xizang art form with a history of more than 1,300 years.
a
Dechen Chodron, 32, is a thangka 2. ________(art). She learned painting at the Xueduibai School for Traditional Arts and Crafts. After graduating, she returned to teach there while also making her own thangka art. However, Chodron not only teaches students, but also runs thangka workshops for tourists.
artist
In recent years, she 3. __________(see) more people from China and other countries becoming interested in thangka. However, this tradition is not easy 4. _________(keep). Long ago, thangka was usually taught from master 5. ____ student. Few girls had the chance to learn. Even now, most students in thangka classes are boys. “6. ____ takes at least five or six years to master it，” said Chodron.
has seen
to keep
to
It
Things improved in 2006 when thangka 7. ___________(add) to China’s national intangible cultural heritage list. After that, the government helped more people learn. Now, there are special schools and 8. _________(studio) for thangka. “At my school, everyone is welcome，” Chodron said. “Now families are more open-minded, and more girls are learning too.”
was added
studios
The tourist workshops go beyond thangka; people can also try 9. ________(make) Xizang clothes, pottery and woodcarving. It is a hands-on way to experience Xizang culture. “Tourists love it，” Chodron said with a smile. “They experience more than just sightseeing. Many share their experiences online and attract more friends to come, 10. _______ makes me really happy！”
making
which
(二)
Lost in the city’s concrete jungle, urban residents 1. _________(eager) look forward to connecting with nature on weekends.
One natural forest 2. ____________(frequent) by people in Sichuan Province is Shunan Bamboo Sea in Yibin. Spanning 120 square kilometers, this bamboo forest is the 3. _________(large) primeval(原始的) bamboo park in China, maintaining a mild winter climate 4. ____________ rarely drops below 0℃. During the winter season, when many parts of the country are covered in snow and ice, this green scenery stands out 5. ____ a cozy escape.
eagerly
frequented
largest
that/which
as
Known as one of the country’s 10 most beautiful forests, this site has been a popular tourist attraction since scenes from the Oscar-winning Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon 6. ___________(shoot) there in 1999.
In 2003, the bamboo forest achieved global 7. ____________(recognize) by earning an ecotourism rating and being listed as a world-class bamboo reserve, becoming the fourth tourism destination in China 8. ____________ (receive) Green Globe 21 certification.
were shot
recognition
to receive
The bamboo forest covers Changning and Jiang’an, two counties in Yibin. Amazed at its vast expanse, Huang Tingjian, 9. ___ poet from the Song Dynasty(960-1279), described it as “bamboo waves”. Given Huang’s literary influence, this poetic depiction gave rise to the forest’s popular nickname—the Bamboo Sea. Today it offers not just an escape, but a chance to reconnect with nature 10. _____ heritage alike.
a
and
(三)
Famous writer Lu Xun(1881-1936) once wrote that the beauty of Chinese characters 1. ______________________(present) in three aspects: Their meaning enlightens the mind, their sound touches the ear, 2. _____ their appearance appeals to the eye.
From writings on oracle bones(甲骨) and bronze ware, Chinese characters originated as a pictographic writing system, 3. _________(borrow) the shape of the sun, the moon, birds and beasts, among others.
is present/is presented
and
borrowing
4. __________(improve) aesthetics(美学) and efficiency of use, multiple scripts were developed over the passage of time, such as zhuanshu(seal script), lishu(clerical script), caoshu(cursive script) and kaishu(regular script). Their beauty is particularly visible in calligraphy to this day.
Many characters not only bear meanings and cultural significance 5. ________(pass) down for thousands of years but also indicate their 6. _______________(pronounce). As a whole, characters are 7. ___ symbol of Chinese civilization, bridging the past, present and future.
To improve
passed
pronunciation
a
According to the Ministry of Education’s Center for Language Education and Cooperation, currently, Chinese is taught in more than 190 countries and regions, among 8. _______ 85 have included Chinese lessons in their national education systems.
With a growing number of people switching 9. _________ their mother tongue and Chinese, the deep-rooted cultural elements in Chinese are 10. ______(like) to be better and more widely recognized.
which
between
likely
课时二
阅读下列短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(一)
Whenever you have to write a paper, a letter, or any other document for work or school, you probably head toward the computer. Now, most people reach for 1. ___________(keyboard) faster than they pick up pens. In a Scottish primary school, however, Mr Norman Lewis is taking a different approach. He feels that neat handwriting 2. ____(be) still an important skill, so he has his students write not only by hand but also 3. ______ old fashioned fountain pens.
keyboards
is
with
Fountain pens 4. ___________(use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable. Today, a writer 5. ________(simple) throws an empty pen away and gets 6. ___ new one.
So far, Mr Lewis is pleased with the results of his experiment. He reports that his students are taking more care with their work, and their self-confidence has improved as well. He is happy with the 7. _____________ (improve) he sees in his students’ writing 8. _____ in his own writing. He knows that computers are here 9. _________(stay) and that they will not disappear. However, he believes that the practice with fountain pens helps students to focus, to write faster, and they can feel proud of 10. ____________ (they). (2024九省联考)
were used
simply
a
improvement
and
to stay
themselves
(二)
Initially built during the Sui Dynasty, the Xi'an City Wall now circles the historic city. Yet its long life has not escaped damage. By the early 1980s, before Xi'an undertook a 1.__________ (sweep) restoration campaign, much of the structure 2. __________ (fall) into a state of disrepair.
Today, data has become the wall's newest guardian. High precision 3D modeling has mapped its entire structure, creating 3. _______ complete digital foundation. Plus, over 3，000 monitoring points and 1，300 smart devices track minor signs of structural damage 4. __________(cause) by anything from settlement to displacement, and feed data into a center 5. __________ AI analyzes and anticipates potential risks. These findings have not just informed targeted repairs that preserve the City Wall, 6. __________ addressed hidden weaknesses as well.
sweeping
had fallen
a
caused
where
but
While technology plays a key role in its 7. ___________ (preserve), the wall has long been part of citizens' daily life in Xi'an. Visitors bike along its 12 meter wide top, watch cultural performances, or take photos while dressed 8. ________ traditional Hanfu against the backdrop of its ancient gates. Around the wall, some cafés and guesthouses offer “wall view” rooms. The contrast—the modern on the old—connects locals to the 9. __________ (dynasty) that once ruled from here.
Watching the city evolve through centuries, the wall is more than bricks and earth. Here, tradition meets technology, and the past 10. __________ (breathe) through modern life—brick by brick, byte(字节) by byte. (2026江苏南京、盐城一模)
preservation
in
dynasties
breathes
(三)
Maijishan Grottoes is one of the four greatest grottoes in China. Different from the other three, Maijishan Grottoes are 1. a series of caves, excavated(开凿) into the side of the mountain Maijishan. The caves are 2. ___________ (undoubted) a large sculpture museum.
Inside the 194 caves are 7，200 statues, 3. ___________ heights vary from 20 centimeters to 15 meters. The rock here is too soft, so the figures are, instead, clay models. The few sculptures 4. ___________ (create) from rock have been brought in from elsewhere. 5. ___________ (judge) from the figures and costumes of the statues, most of them reflect the characteristics of the Han nationality.
undoubtedly
whose
created
Judging
The grottoes 6. ___________ (carve) over a period of 1，500 years, starting in 384 AD, right up to the beginning of the twentieth century. The caves were not easily accessible, thus escaping much of the 7. ___________ (destroy) throughout tumultuous(动荡的) periods in history. The stairs leading up and around the grottoes were originally made of wood but these have been steadily replaced by metal supports 8. ___________ safety reasons.
were carved
destruction
for
The sculptures represent the phased development of Chinese sculpture and architecture. The earliest examples demonstrate an influence of Indian design, with later native Chinese styles becoming more popular. All designs 9. ___________ (dedicate) to the pursuit of Buddhism. The sculptures have helped archeologists to track not only the growth and advance of Chinese sculpture 10. ________ the history and expansion of Buddhism in China. (2026江苏南通一模)
are dedicated
but
谢谢观看
Thank you for watching(共20张PPT)
语法部分　
专题三　名词性从句
第一部分　句法结构
一、 规则回顾
名词性从句是在句子中起到名词作用的句子，它的功能相当于名词词组，在复合句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语或者同位语，因此名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
(一) 名词性从句的分类
典句研读 规则归纳
主语从句 That Tom should cheat me is disappointing. 在句子中充当主语的从句叫主语从句，它位于谓语动词之前。有时为了平衡句子结构，常用it代替主语从句，而将主语从句移到句尾。
Whether we’ll have a picnic hasn’t been decided.
What you need is a good long vacation.
When he arrives doesn’t matter.
It is natural that they should have different views．
典句研读 规则归纳
宾语从句 He insisted (that) we (should) accept the gifts． 宾语从句是在复合句中做宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句的谓语动词(及物动词)、介词或形容词之后。我们也常用it做形式宾语，把真正做宾语的that从句放在句尾。
I doubt whether/if he will come．
He did what he could to comfort her.
She inquired how we are getting on．
I find it strange that she doesn’t want to travel．
典句研读 规则归纳
表语从句 The trouble is that we are short of money． 在复合句中放在系动词之后做表语的从句称为表语从句，可以接表语从句的系动词除最常见的be动词之外，还有look、remain、seem等。
The question is whether you will support me．
That’s where you are wrong．
The traditions of the tribe remain what they have always been.
典句研读 规则归纳
同位语从句 He gave me some advice that I should read English every day． 同位语从句通常位于表示概念或者思维的抽象名词之后，对该抽象名词起解释说明的作用。
There is some doubt whether he will come．
The question who will replace him is still not clear.
I have no idea how large the physical universe is．
(二) 名词性从句的连接词分类
典句研读 规则归纳
从属连词 The reason was that he missed the train this morning. that只起连接作用，无实意，不做句子成分，引导宾语从句时可省略。
I hope (that) everything is all right.
Finally, he decided to give himself a few months to see whether/if it would get any better. whether/if表“是否”，不做句子成分，多数宾语从句中两者可互换(除1.与or not连用时；2.后接不定式时；3.做介词后的宾语时)，其他从句只用whether。
Although repetition helps memory, psychologists doubt whether/if it helps long-term memory.
典句研读 规则归纳
连接代词 What he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. who、whoever、whom、whomever、which、whichever、what、whatever在从句中可做主、宾、表语，whose做定语。
Whoever commits a crime can never escape from being punished.
He asked me whose pronunciation in English was the best in the class.
典句研读 规则归纳
连接副词 The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park. when、whenever、where、wherever、why、how、however在从句中做状语。
The humble apartment is where the great writer once lived.
Is that why you had a few days off？
The problem is how we can improve our reading skills in such a short time.
二、 规则应用
(一) 单句语法填空：阅读下列句子，在空白处填入适当的连接词。
Group 1: 能力训练题
1. It remains to be seen ____________ the committee’s policy can be put into practice.
2. ______ you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes.
3. The problem is _______ we can stay tonight.
4. ______ he had finished his work so quickly surprised everyone.
5. It was never clear _____ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.
whether/if
What
where
That
why
6. I wonder ______ it is that prevented him from coming to school on time every day.
7. As a new diplomat, he often thinks of _____ he can react more appropriately on such occasions.
8. For ten years, there was no evidence ______ this figure existed.
9. The gold medal will be awarded to _________ wins the first place in the bicycle race.
10. There’s no doubt ______ he will win the game.
11. A sense of responsibility is a factor. It affects ___ an employee works.
what
how
that
whoever
that
how
12. ______ sets the Harbin festival apart is the scale and size of the sculptures and the beautiful lighting.
13. Scientists have obtained more evidence ______ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
14. What students do at college seems to matter much more than _______ they go.
15. Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I’m still putting to use ______ he taught me.
What
that
where
what
Group 2: 高考真题
1. The truth, though, is ______ could be guessed—there’s never anyone else here. Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest.(2025北京卷)
2. If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ______ they’ll promote.(2024浙江1月卷)
3. On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ______ is now northwestern Wyoming.(2024全国甲卷)
what
what
what
4. They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is _____ they need an English trainer.(2023新课标Ⅱ卷)
5. It’s easy to explain how we determine ________ smells are dangerous or not: we learn.(2022北京卷)
why
whether
(二) 语篇语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的连接词。
Light’s Many Colours
1. ______ white light is made up of different colours was proved through Newton’s work.
The English scientist, Isaac Newton(1643-1727), did a lot of experiments to study light. 2. ______ interested him was the colour of light. 3. _________ light is “white” or “colourful” was still unknown to the people of his time. Few doubted the common knowledge 4. _____ white light was “pure” light without colours.
That
What
Whether
that
The question is 5. _____ he did the experiment. It is quite simple. He allowed a beam of light to pass through a piece of triangular(三角形的) glass and then fall on a white wall.
6. ______ he saw on the wall was a band of colours: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. Were the colours produced by the glass No. When Newton passed the light that had come out of the first triangular glass through a second triangular glass, all he got was white light.
how
What
7. ____ light is colourful was still a question. However, 8. _____ the colours came from was answered through the experiment. It is certain 9. ____ the colours of light are from the light itself, not from the glass or anything else. The experiment showed 10. ______ light had to be looked upon in a new way. Man needs to learn more about light.
Why
where
that
that
(三) 微写作(至少使用1～2个含名词性从句的句子)。
李华热爱阅读。他空闲时，最常做的就是读英文报纸、杂志和原著。他有良好的读书习惯和方法，已经写了三本读书笔记。他曾获得学校“模拟联合国”辩论赛的一等奖和省中学生英语演讲比赛第一名。他表示“阅读使人进步，英语让我快乐！”
参考词汇：模拟联合国辩论赛 the debate of Model UN；原创的 original
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Li Hua loves reading. In his free time, what he does most often is reading English newspapers, magazines and original English novels. He has good reading habits and methods and has written three books of reading notes. He has won the first prize in the school’s debate of Model UN and the first place in the Provincial English Speech Contest for middle school students. He believes that what makes people progress is reading and that English brings him happiness.
谢谢观看
Thank you for watching(共29张PPT)
语法部分　
专题二　定语从句
第一部分　句法结构
一、 规则回顾
在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫作定语从句。被修饰的部分叫作先行词，引导定语从句的词叫作关系词，定语从句通常位于先行词的后面。
(一) 关系词
典句研读 规则归纳
限制性定语从句 Do you know the man that/who is waiting outside？ 限制性定语从句指修饰名词、代词或名词短语的从句，对所修饰的对象加以限制。从句不可去掉，一旦去掉主句的意思则不完整。限制性定语从句可由关系代词that、which、who、whom、whose、as引导。关系代词在从句中通常做主语、宾语、表语或定语，做宾语时常可以省略。主要用法如下：
He showed me the photos that/which he took on his trip to Xi’an．
My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be．
典句研读 规则归纳
限制性定语从句 The woman whom/who/that you met yesterday is my sister. 1. that指代人/物，做主语、宾语、表语。
2. which指代物，做主语、宾语。
3. who指代人，做主语、宾语。
4. whom指代人，做宾语。
5. whose指代人/物，做定语。
6. as 多用在such … as、the same … as、such as、as … as等结构中。
The bike whose brake was damaged has now been repaired.
Such people as were mentioned by him were honest.
I like the same book as you do．
He acquired as rare a stamp as exists in the collection．
典句研读 规则归纳
限制性定语从句 Do you remember a time when/at which you had no worries stopping you from getting a good night’s rest？ 定语从句也可以由关系副词when、where、why 引导。关系副词在定语从句中做状语。主要用法如下：
1. when做时间状语，修饰 time、moment、day、month、year、period 等表示时间的先行词，可以用“介词＋which”来代替。
In a society where/in which being thin is often seen as being beautiful, teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down quickly.
典句研读 规则归纳
限制性定语从句 Do you know the reason why/for which we feel tired in the middle of a class？ 2. where做地点状语，修饰 place、house、city、country、world等表示地点的先行词，可以用“介词＋which”来代替。
3. why做原因状语，修饰 reason等表示原因的先行词，可以用“for＋which”来代替。
典句研读 规则归纳
非限制性定语从句 I live in Nanjing, which is a big city． 非限制性定语从句对先行词进行补充说明，通常用逗号与主句隔开，由关系代词which、who、whom、whose、as 或关系副词 when、where 等引导。从句去掉后，主句意义仍完整。
I like my English teacher, who speaks good English．
I visit my grandparents at the weekend, when I do not go to school．
典句研读 规则归纳
非限制性定语从句 He missed the show, which was a pity． which 引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词可以是某个单词或短语，也可以是整个主句或主句的一部分。
Jack told me he would join the poetry club, which surprised me greatly．
典句研读 规则归纳
非限制性定语从句 Many people, some of whom are not overweight, are going on a diet. 在非限制性定语从句中，whom、which 前面可以加 some/many/all of 等修饰词，表示整体中的部分或所有。
In 2020, the deep-sea manned submersible Fendouzhe completed thirteen successful dives, eight of which exceeded a depth of 10,000 metres．
典句研读 规则归纳
非限制性定语从句 The night has turned cold, as is usual around here． 1. as 引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词可以是整个主句或主句的一部分，从句可置于主句前、主句中或主句后。
2. as有“如，正如”的含义，which 没有。
3. as后面的谓语动词多是see、know、expect、say、mention、report等。
As is known to all, the Moon travels around the Earth.
(二) 高频考点
典句研读 规则归纳
只能用that，不能用which引导的情况 Everything that we saw was interesting. 先行词是something、anything、nothing、everything、much、little、none、few等不定代词，或被这些词修饰时
None of the books that were recommended were available at the library.
This is the first book that was written in English. 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级，或被这些词修饰时
This is the funniest thing that I have ever heard.
典句研读 规则归纳
只能用that，不能用which引导的情况 This is all the information that I can provide. 先行词被all、every、the only、the very、the same、the last等修饰时
Basketball is the only thing that interests him
The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. 先行词既有人又有物时
Which is the bus that you will take？ 主句主语是疑问词which时
典句研读 规则归纳
不能用that引导的情况 Beijing, which is China’s capital, is rich in culture. 引导非限制性定语从句时
He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
What’s that which flashed through the sky just now？ 先行词本身为that时
典句研读 规则归纳
不能用that引导的情况 Who is the comrade with whom you shook hands？ 用“介词＋关系代词”结构时
He is the man the father of whom is a teacher. (the father of whom＝whose father)
This is the neighbourhood from which I borrowed the bicycle.
典句研读 规则归纳
关系词可省略的情况 The stranger (whom) I spoke of came again. 关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时
I like the way (that/in which) she smiles. 当先行词是 way且定语从句要表示“以……的方式”时
关系代词与关系副词的选择 The factory where he once worked is closed now. 若定语从句缺少主语或宾语，则定语从句需用关系代词引导；若从句的谓语为不及物动词，且从句中缺少状语，则用关系副词引导。
The factory that/which he set up last year is closed now.
典句研读 规则归纳
定语从句中的主谓一致 A book that has colourful pictures is more attractive to children. 关系代词做从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致；先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数。
The students who are listening to the lecture come from different countries.
典句研读 规则归纳
定语从句中的主谓一致 He is one of the employees who work overtime every day. “one of＋复数名词”做先行词，且关系代词在从句中做主语时，从句的谓语动词常用复数；但当one前面有the、the only、the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词用单数。
He is the only one of the employees who works overtime every day.
二、 规则应用
(一) 单句语法填空：阅读下列句子，在空白处填入适当的关系词。
Group 1: 能力训练题
1. Volunteers on behalf of the United Nations built shelters for survivors _______ homes had been damaged in Ukraine.
2. A tank is a large military vehicle ____________ is equipped with weapons and moves along on metal tracks.
3. The deaf dancers think dancing is an activity _______ sight matters more than hearing.
whose
which/that
where
4. The reason _____ I was late for school was that my bike broke down halfway.
5. Handwriting is something ______ is done with a pen or pencil, not printed or typed.
6. The scientist believes that the Earth is unlikely to be the only planet _______ life has developed gradually.
7. If you behave yourself, you act in the way ____________ people think is correct and proper.
8. Those _____ have a preference for something would like to have or do that thing rather than something else.
why
that
where
which/that
who
9. American women usually identify their best friend as someone with ______ they can talk frequently.
10. The film brought the hours back to me ______ I was taken good care of in that small village.
11. The reason ____________ he gave for his not coming to the party was that his car broke down halfway.
12. Last winter ______ I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chickens.
whom
when
which/that
when
13. He spent his Sunday afternoon in the library ____________ was built with stones by the workers.
14. He was the only one of the boys __________ was late for class.
15. When the news of the scientist’s passing away was reported, there were many fans on social media __________ expressed their sadness over his death.
which/that
who/that
who/that
Group 2: 高考真题
1. An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, _______ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.(2025全国一卷)
2. However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, _______ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024.(2025北京卷)
3. Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, _______ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers.(2025浙江1月卷)
which
which
which
4. The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing(追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ____________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)
5. Chinese cultural elements commemorating(纪念) Tang Xianzu, _____ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”, add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.(2024新课标Ⅱ卷)
6. Of course, shops are not charities—they price goods in the way ____________ will make them the most money.(2024浙江1月卷)
which/that
who
which/that
7. “There was once a town in the heart of America, _______ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.(2023全国甲卷)
8. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ______ thousands were attending a water conference.(2023北京卷)
9. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ______ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.(2022新高考Ⅰ卷)
10. That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of _______ are only good for one use.(2022北京卷)
where
where
that
which
(二) 语篇语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的关系词。
A scientist is not merely a specialist in a lab; he is a curious explorer of the unknown. The field 1. _______ a scientist conducts groundbreaking research is often highly specialized. There are numerous reasons 2. _____ individuals are drawn to this career, but their intense curiosity about the world 3. ____________ fundamentally drives them is remarkable. The moment 4. ______ a hypothesis is confirmed truly marks the peak of their excitement.
where
why
which/that
when
Marie Curie，5. __________ we all admire, was the first person to win two Nobel Prizes. She is the only one of the female scientists of her era 6. __________ achieved worldwide acclaim in physics. The laboratory in Paris 7. _______ she conducted her groundbreaking research on radioactivity has become a shrine for scientists. The theory of radioactivity，for 8. _______ she is famous, revolutionized modern physics. The determination and rigor(艰辛) with 9. _______ she approached her work are what every researcher should learn. Ultimately, this unwavering spirit 10. ____________ led to her extraordinary success became her most notable trait.
whom/who
who/that
where
which
which
which/that
(三) 微写作(至少使用1～2个含定语从句的句子)。
人们越来越关注睡眠问题了。睡眠不好的人可能会经历身体发育迟缓的情况。但我们怎样才能睡个好觉呢？这里有些建议给你。首先，试着坚持你的睡眠时间表，即使周末也许是你睡懒觉的时间。第二，让你的卧室成为一个让你觉得舒服的地方。另外，不要喝那些可能让你失眠的饮料。最后，清除你头脑中的压力和担忧。这些消极的想法是你保持清醒的原因之一。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
There is growing concern about sleep problems. People who do not sleep well may experience situations where body development slows down. But how can we get a better night’s sleep Here are some tips for you. First, try to stick to your sleep schedule, even though weekends are probably the time when you feel like a lie-in. Second, make your bedroom a place where you feel comfortable. In addition, avoid drinks that may keep you from sleeping. Last but not least, clear your head of stress and worry. These negative thoughts are one reason why you stay awake．
谢谢观看
Thank you for watching(共25张PPT)
语法部分　
专题七　名词、冠词、介词、代词
第三部分　其他词法与特殊句式
一、 规则回顾
(一) 名词
典句研读 规则归纳
I have some books． 1. 单个名词复数的规则变化：
(1) 一般加s；
(2) 以s、x、ch、sh等结尾的名词加es；
(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，将y改为i，再加es；
(4) 以o结尾的名词加s或es；
(5) 以f或fe结尾的名词，直接加s，或将f或fe改为v再加es。
There are many other branches of medicine in China.
We were all amused at his stories．
The team members were greeted like conquering heroes．
The shelves are easy to assemble.
典句研读 规则归纳
She has a beautiful smile with straight, white teeth． 2. 单个名词复数的不规则变化：
(1) 单复数形式相同，如：sheep → sheep, fish → fish；
(2) 内部元音字母变化，如：foot → feet, tooth → teeth；
(3) 外来词的不规则变化，如：crisis → crises, phenomenon → phenomena；
(4) 词尾＋en或ren，如：ox → oxen, child → children；
(5) 以s结尾的学科、新闻、组织、书名等的名词，形式是复数，但应看作单数，如：maths、politics。
The world is facing multiple crises, including climate change and economic instability.
The farmer used a pair of oxen to till the hard soil.
Maths is an intellectual exercise.
典句研读 规则归纳
He shouted for help, hoping to catch the attention of any passers-by． 3. 合成词的复数形式：
(1) 有中心名词的合成词的复数，在中心名词后加s，如passer-by → passers-by；
(2) 无中心名词的合成词的复数，通常在词尾加s，如：forget-me-not → forget-me-nots。
The garden was dotted with tiny, delicate blue forget-me-nots．
典句研读 规则归纳
“He saved my son’s life，” said Mrs Brown. 4. 名词的所有格：
(1) 单数名词所有格，直接加’s；
(2) 复数名词所有格，一般加’；
(3) 合成词或名词短语，在最后一个词后面加’s(注意of所有格及双重所有格的用法)。
We had a very boring three days’ journey.
This is Tom and Susan’s desk.
These are Tom’s and Susan’s desks.
I’ll never forget the beauty of the lake.
That little daughter of your cousin’s is really lovely.
(二) 冠词
典句研读 规则归纳
Bob is an honest boy, and we all trust him. 1. 不定冠词a/an：
(1) 表泛指，或指同类人或事物中的“一个”；
(2) 表示类指，指一类人或物(强调的是类别中的任意个体)；
　(3) 可用于抽象名词前，使其具体化；
(4) 用于固定搭配中，如：have a gift for、have a holiday、get a lift/ride、pay a visit to、lend sb a hand、as a result、as a rule、in a hurry、at a distance、a waste of、be/go on a diet、What a pity！等。
A tiger is a type of large and fierce cat.
We think this means that our experiment is a success and it supports the theory.
The heavy rain lasted for days. As a result, several villages downstream were flooded.
典句研读 规则归纳
The university was founded in the early twentieth century. 2. 定冠词the：
(1) 表特指，用于双方都知道的或上文提到的人或事物前；
(2) 表示类指，用于单数可数名词或形容词前(强调整个类别的整体概念)；
(3) 指世上独一无二的事物、自然现象、方位等；
The organization offers free health care to the poor．
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west．
She practises the piano for three hours every day.
典句研读 规则归纳
This is the best way to maintain good relationships. (4) 用于西洋乐器前；
(5) 用于序数词、形容词最高级前；
(6) 用于句型“the＋比较级, the＋比较级”中，表示“越……，越……”
(7) 用于固定搭配中，如：at the moment、in the end、to the point、on the contrary、by the way、break the ice、burn the midnight oil等。
The more she learns, the more she wants to learn.
(三) 介词
典句研读 规则归纳
He arrived at the famous town in Jiangsu at dusk. 1. 介词可用来表时间、方位、工具、手段或方式，如in、on、at、during、before、after等；
2. 介词还常见于固定搭配中，如at work、in a hurry、answer to、account for等。
Registration must be made at least two weeks in advance．
(四) 代词
典句研读 规则归纳
Hawking didn’t consider himself an unlucky man. 1. 反身代词(myself、yourself、herself、himself、itself、ourselves、yourselves、themselves)：
(1) 当句子中动作的执行者和承受者为同一人或事物时常用反身代词做宾语、表语或者同位语；
(2) 含有反身代词的常见短语有apply/devote oneself to、behave oneself、be oneself、come to oneself、enjoy oneself、make oneself at home 等。
She is not quite herself today.
He himself has done it lots of times！
After retiring, she decided to devote herself to charity work.
When he finally came to himself in the hospital bed, he couldn’t remember how the accident had happened.
典句研读 规则归纳
With butterflies in my stomach, I breathed deeply. 2. 物主代词：
(1) 形容词性物主代词(my、your、his、her、its、our、your、their)不能单独使用，可用在名词前做定语或用在动名词前做逻辑主语；
(2) 名词性物主代词(mine、yours、his、hers、its、ours、yours、theirs)相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，可做主语、宾语或表语。
As teenagers grow up, they become more independent and start making their own decisions.
Lily forgot her pen, so she borrowed mine(＝my pen).
典句研读 规则归纳
Both the police and the workmen were grateful to the student for this piece of information in advance. 3. 不定代词：
(1) 常见不定代词(both、all、either、any、neither、none)的区别：表示“两者都”，用both；表示“两个当中的一个”，用either；表示“两个都不”，用neither；表示“三个或三个以上都”，用all；表示“三个或三个以上当中的一个”，用any；表示“三个或三个以上都不”，用none；
(2) all、both等与not连用时，表示部分否定；如果要表示全部否定，需用none或者neither。
All students must submit their assignments by Friday.
As with any new skill, practice and hard work are always paid back.
Did you know that not all giant pandas are black and white？
None of these pens works.
典句研读 规则归纳
Where is my dictionary I left it right on the desk. 4. it 的常见用法：
(1) 指代上文提到的某样东西；
(2) 指代时间、天气、环境、距离等；
(3) it做形式主语；
(4) it做形式宾语；
(5) 用于强调句型等固定句型中；
(6) 用于某些结构中，如：as it is、be worth it、call it a day、it (all) depends、make it、take it easy、when it comes to 等。
It is still a long way.
It is no good living alone without keeping in touch with others.
I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here.
It is years of hard work that has made her what she is today.
After years of struggle, he finally made it as a professional actor.
二、 规则应用
(一) 单句语法填空：阅读下列句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Group 1: 能力训练题
1. Mr Smith is an old friend of my __________(father).
2. ____ will be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change.
3. Many science museums launch activities to make complex technology accessible, which is effective in arousing ____________(teenager) scientific passion..
father’s
It
teenagers'
4. Ecotourism has _____(it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.
5. It might sound like one long, expensive vacation, but the couple has ____ unusual way to make their travel affordable.
6. Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart we ________(human) are.
7. As the saying goes, “When one door closes, another one opens”, and it will always stick in their memory. It sure does in ______(I).
8. A new exhibition in Halifax uses everyday activities to explain the hidden maths principles we all use ____ a regular basis.
its
an
humans
mine
on
9. In a survey carried out in 1987, 75% of the population identified ____________ (they) as middle class.
10. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is ____ great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
11. Encouraged by his words, I decided to give ____ a try.
12. In the evening, when I take ___ walk in the school garden, the singing of insects becomes more meaningful to me.
themselves
of
it
a
13. The Chinese film market has experienced a notable _______(recover) this year.
14. As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar ______ the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination.
15. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on _____ young.
recovery
with
the
Group 2: 高考真题
1. “In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘__________ (guide)’ till they lose，” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition.(2025全国一卷)
2. A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent ____ no more than one or two points as a gesture(姿态) of respect for the other side.(2025全国一卷)
guidance
by
3. The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the ________(absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky ___________(afternoon) with lots of fresh air.(2025全国二卷)
4. Over time, I’ve found ________(I) feeling extremely at home here. And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times.(2025全国二卷)
5. “I really want to make this work for __________(people) lives today …” she says.(2025浙江1月卷)
6. These plants included modern Western ____________(favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)
absence
afternoons
myself
people’s
favourites
7. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion(《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ____ Romeo and Juliet.(2024新课标Ⅱ卷)
8. The meat should be fresh with ___ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.(2023新课标Ⅰ卷)
9. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute(致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. _____ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.(2022全国甲卷)
10. Since people can’t always eat out or cook for ____________(they), they get takeout or order delivery.(2022北京卷)
to
a
themselves
A
(二) 语篇语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Besides oceans, glacier ice is 1. _____ largest source of water on the Earth. A glacier is a sheet of ice that moves 2. ________(it) under the influence of gravity. Some glaciers travel down mountains or valleys, while others spread across a large expanse of land. Heavily glaciated 3. _________(region) such as Greenland and Antarctica are called continental glaciers. These two ice sheets account 4. _____ more than 95 per cent of the Earth’s glacial ice.
the
itself
regions
for
The Greenland ice is so heavy that much of the region has been pressed below sea level so far. Smaller glaciers that occur 5. ____ higher altitudes are called alpine glaciers(高山冰川). Another way of classifying glaciers is 6. ____ terms of 7. _______(they) internal temperature. In temperate glaciers, the ice within the glacier is near its melting point.
at
in
their
The majority of the Earth’s glaciers are located near the poles, though glaciers exist 8. ____ all continents, including Africa and Oceania. Glaciers formed in high alpine regions generally result 9. ______ cold temperatures throughout the year. The weight and pressure of ice accumulation cause glacier movement. As a glacier moves, it carves out 10. ___ U-shaped valley similar to a riverbed, but with much steeper walls and a flatter bottom.
on
from
a
(三) 微写作(至少使用1～2个含本专题相关语法的句子)。
我对书的热爱一刻也不会停止，因为在我的生活中，书既是睿智的老师，也是益友。书是知识和力量的源泉，我从中受益匪浅。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Never for a moment can I stop my love for reading because books are wise teachers as well as good friends in my life. Books are the source of knowledge and power, from which I benefit a lot．
谢谢观看
Thank you for watching(共26张PPT)
语法部分　
专题六　非谓语动词
第二部分　动词体系
一、 规则回顾
非谓语动词通常指动词不定式、动词-ing 形式(动名词和现在分词)和动词-ed形式，在句中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
典句研读 规则归纳
非谓语动词做主语 To say is one thing; to do is another. 1. 动词不定式和动名词形式都可以在句中做主语。
2. 有时也用it做形式主语，代替动词不定式或动名词。
Being exposed to radiation in the lab too often caused Tim’s death.
It is no use crying over spilt milk．
典句研读 规则归纳
非谓语动词做宾语 We can’t afford to go abroad this summer. 1. 在afford、agree、arrange、claim、desire、fail、wish等动词后，常用动词不定式做宾语。
2. 在advise、admit、avoid、deny、finish、suggest等动词以及burst out、give up、insist on、keep on、put off 等动词短语后，常用动名词形式做宾语。
3. 在like、love、begin、start等动词后，既可接动词不定式做宾语，也可接动名词形式做宾语，二者区别不大；但表具体的、某次动作时常用不定式，表习惯性、抽象动作时常用动名词。
4. 在remember、forget、regret、try、mean等动词后，既可接动词不定式做宾语，也可接动名词形式做宾语，但二者意义不同。
5. 介词后一般只接动名词形式做宾语。
He burst out laughing．
I remember seeing him before.
Remember to tell him about it．
I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon．
典句研读 规则归纳
非谓语动词做表语 The problem remains to be settled． 1. 不定式做表语常用来表示将要发生的动作，也可用来表示未来的可能性和假设；但当不定式所做的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时，这时的不定式只做单纯的表语，且不具有未来的含义。
2. 动词的现在分词、过去分词、不定式和动名词都可以在句中做表语，说明主语的状态或者特征，动名词还可以表示主语所指的内容。
3. 过去分词做表语时通常用来表示主语的感受或所处的状态。
The result is very disappointing．
The glass was broken．
What I hate most is swimming．
典句研读 规则归纳
非谓语动词做定语 As we all know, the desire to be connected has brought solitude to an end. 1. 不定式做定语：
(1) 不定式做定语表示将来的动作；
(2) 有些名词后大多用不定式做定语，如ability、desire、attempt、chance、decision、effort、failure、promise、offer、way、time、wish等；
(3) 被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next、last、only、not a等限定词/短语时，只能用不定式。
2. 分词做定语：
(1) 现在分词表示主动且正在进行的动作；
(2) 过去分词表示被动且已经完成的动作。
The last creature to compete with us was the mosquito.
The boy standing over there is my brother.
A broken cup is lying on the ground.
Beneath this amazing sky, we see a sleeping village and a lonely tree.
典句研读 规则归纳
非谓语动词做状语 To give the teacher a good impression, I decided to sit in the front row. 1. 不定式做状语：
(1) 通常表示目的，相当于in order to或so as to；
(2) 表示结果时常用于too … to …、only to …、never to … 等结构中；
(3) 常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中，常见形容词有sorry、surprised、disappointed、excited、glad、happy、anxious、delighted、pleased、foolish等。
Tom hurried back only to find that his mother had left.
We were surprised to find the temple still in the original condition.
典句研读 规则归纳
非谓语动词做状语 He went out, shutting the door behind him． 2. 分词做状语：
(1) 现在分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是主动关系，且含有进行的意义；
(2) 过去分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，且含有完成的意义。
Given more time, I’ll be able to finish my report better.
典句研读 规则归纳
非谓语动词做宾语补足语 The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat. 1. 常接带to的不定式做宾补的动词(短语)：advise、allow、ask、encourage、expect、forbid、force、get、invite、order、persuade、prefer、warn、wish、call on、depend upon等。
Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother taken good care of at home.
As I got closer, I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.
典句研读 规则归纳
非谓语动词做宾语补足语 The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after school. 2. 非谓语动词做感官动词(see、watch、hear等)或者使役动词(make、have、let等)的宾补，用哪种形式需根据动作与宾语的逻辑关系判断：
(1) 表主动、正在进行用现在分词；
(2) 表被动、完成用过去分词；
The teacher tried to speak louder to make himself heard．
Her words set me thinking deeply.
典句研读 规则归纳
非谓语动词做宾语补足语 I heard Beethoven’s Symphony No.9 played last night. (3) 使役动词(make、have、let等)后接不定式做宾补时省略to，被动语态须还原to。
3. 分词做宾补：
(1) 现在分词表示的动作与宾语为逻辑上的主动关系；
(2) 过去分词表示的动作与宾语为逻辑上的被动关系。
He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky.
With his hair cut, he looked much younger.
典句研读 规则归纳
非谓语动词做宾语补足语 With a lot of homework to do, he can’t go shopping with us. 4. “with＋宾语＋宾补”结构：
(1) with sb/sth doing (表示主动、进行或特征)；
(2) with sth done (表示被动、完成或状态)；
(3) with sth to do (表示将来)。
典句研读 规则归纳
独立主格结构 A girl came in, book in hand． 独立主格结构通常由“名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/分词/不定式”构成，在句中做状语，表示谓语动作发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等。它有以下三个特点：
The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey.
典句研读 规则归纳
独立主格结构 The job finished, we went home. 1. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同，它独立存在；
2. 名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系；
3. 独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，与主句之间不用任何连接词。
So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed.
二、 规则应用
(一) 用非谓语动词改写下列句子。
1. Next time you visit Bob, remember that you should give him a call in advance.
________________________________________________________
2. The machine should break down only a week later, which was a surprise.
________________________________________________________
3. They built a highway, which leads to the mountains.
_______________________________________________________
Next time you visit Bob, remember to give him a call in advance.
The machine breaking down only a week later was a surprise.
They built a highway leading to the mountains.
4. He was happy to see they take good care of his mother.
________________________________________________________
5. Because he was annoyed at the decision, he refused to attend the meeting.
_________________________________________________________
He was happy to see his mother taken good care of by them.
Annoyed at the decision, he refused to attend the meeting.
(二) 单句语法填空：阅读下列句子，用所给动词的适当形式填空。
Group 1: 能力训练题
1. ____________(celebrate) on the first Friday of October, World’s Smile Day is established for the spreading of simple joy and love to everyone.
2. A fisherman claimed to have witnessed a giant sea turtle this morning ___________(measure) almost two metres long.
3. While accustomed to climbing the steep mountain, this time he found it tough for him to do so, for the difficulty he had ___________(breathe) was beyond his anticipation.
Celebrated
measuring
breathing
4. Earthen houses are made of earth, stone, bamboo and wood, all readily available materials which are used _________(form) walls up to 6 feet thick.
5. The medicine has proved somewhat effective, but further testing remains _________________(conduct).
6. The education program _______(aim) at combining brain work with manual labour is being widely spread throughout the country.
7. For example, there is China’s Belt and Road Initiative, which motivates many countries along the Silk Road ______________(cooperate) more closely.
8. With the Arts Festival _____________(approach), more than 50 shows __________(select) from all over the country will be performed in the theatres.
to form
to be conducted
aimed
to cooperate
approaching
selected
9. I learned this while ________(take) care of a seagull unfortunate enough to swallow a hook.
10. _________(expose) to freezing weather, courageous tourists and scientists still choose to visit Antarctica.
11. She applied the classic patterns to her own modern designs in a creative way after conducting research into the variety of patterns _______ (find) on the murals.
12. To better understand the wildlife found here, Wildwatch Kenya seeks _____________(identify) and track the giraffes in conservation field sites.
taking
Exposed
found
to identify
13. He flew 4,700 kilometres from Xi’an to Kashgar on September 20, __________(plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
14. It is hard _________(name) a comedy star who hasn’t been on the stage here.
15. Just then, some kids ran at him, __________(knock) his books out of his arms.
planning
to name
knocking
Group 2: 高考真题
1. When ____________(travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. (2025北京卷)
2. Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women _________(rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing.(2025浙江1月卷)
3. “… I know that doesn’t always mean ___________(return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend，” she says.(2025浙江1月卷)
travel(l)ing
to rent
returning
4. These sepals open on warm days _________(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)
5. Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time _______(rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of self-awareness. (2024北京卷)
6. And when _______(ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation(适度).(2024北京卷)
7. No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left _________(want) more next time.(2023新课标Ⅰ卷)
to give
to rest
asked
wanting
8. Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ______________(lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.(2023新课标Ⅰ卷)
9. __________(cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.(2022新高考Ⅰ卷)
10. _______________(strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media.(2022全国乙卷)
to be lifted
Covering
To strengthen
(三) 语篇语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1. _______(go) to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song The Long and Winding Road. What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans 2. _____(be).
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will undoubtedly help you get 3. ___________(refresh)! The 4. _________(amaze) thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature 5. ______(get), the hotter the spring is! Strange, isn’t it But that’s how nature is—always leaving us 6. ____________(astonish).
Going
are
refreshed
amazing
gets
astonished
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help 7. ___________(wonder) how hard it was for the people then 8. ________(put) all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 9. ________(ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in mine. While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is a must 10. __________(visit)!
wondering
to put
aching
to visit
(四) 微写作(至少使用1～2个含非谓语动词的句子)。
作为一个积极、充满活力的年轻人，我喜欢体育运动和户外活动。此外，我性格开朗，乐于助人，很容易相处，并且喜欢交朋友。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Being an active and energetic young man, I like sports and outdoor activities. In addition, I’m outgoing and ready to help others. As a result, I’m easy to get along with and I like making friends．
谢谢观看
Thank you for watching(共19张PPT)
语法部分　
专题四　连词和状语从句
第一部分　句法结构
一、 规则回顾
根据连词本身的含义及其所连接的成分是否平等，连词可分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词用以连接彼此是并列关系的单词、短语或句子，被连接的两个部分彼此独立，在句法上是平等的；从属连词用来连接两个或两个以上的分句，形成复杂句中的从属分句，即引导名词性从句(见专题三)和状语从句。
(一) 连词
典句研读 规则归纳
I bought apples and oranges. and、or、both … and …、not only … but (also) …、neither … nor …等表并列、递进或顺承关系
He not only read the book but also remembered what he had read.
He is young, but he is very experienced. but、while、yet、whereas等表转折、对比关系
Outgoing people enjoy surrounding themselves with many friends, while shy people prefer fewer but closer friendships.
典句研读 规则归纳
You can come either on Saturday or on Sunday. or、either … or …等表选择关系
Either you come with us or you stay home.
He was tired, so he went to bed early. for、so等表因果关系
He must be tired, for he has been working all day.
(二) 状语从句
典句研读 规则归纳
时间状 语从句 We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired. when、while、as、since、before、after、till、until、as soon as、the moment等引导时间状语从句
You may stay here until/till the rain stops.
When I was listening to my favourite songs, my mother asked me to do my homework first.
Enjoy the beautiful countryside as you spend a day driving along the new highway.
It has been six years since he lived here.
The moment my sister gained the diploma after four years of hard work, she was filled with joy.
典句研读 规则归纳
地点状 语从句 Where there is a will, there is a way. where、wherever等引导地点状语从句
I will go wherever I am needed.
原因状 语从句 My school appeared on the news last week because we had made an important change in our local area. because、since、as、now that、considering (that)、in that等引导原因状语从句
Since you are tired, you can have a rest.
Now that we are all here, let’s begin our work.
Even this was remarkable, considering that she had so many delays.
典句研读 规则归纳
条件状 语从句 I’ll buy a computer if I am able to save enough money. if、unless、as/so long as、on condition that、in case、only if、suppose/supposing (that)、provided/providing (that)等引导条件状语从句
Unless (you are) invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
They’ll have respect for you as long as you play fair.
We may go to the party provided that it does not rain.
典句研读 规则归纳
方式状 语从句 When in Rome, do as the Romans do. as、as if/though、the way等引导方式状语从句
Please pronounce the word the way I do.
目的状 语从句 My mother turned off the TV so that I could better concentrate on my studies. in order that、so that、in case、for fear that等引导目的状语从句
She explained again in case we should misunderstand her.
He spoke softly for fear that he might wake the baby.
典句研读 规则归纳
结果状 语从句 I got a fever, so that I won’t go to school. so that、so/such … that等引导结果状语从句
Such a nice man does he seem that we all like him.
比较状 语从句 He works as hard as his brother does. as … as、not as/so … as、than等引导比较状语从句
Don’t take on more work than you can handle.
典句研读 规则归纳
让步状 语从句 Although/Though the two men have very different backgrounds and do not get along at first, they eventually become friends. though、although、as
(用于倒装句)、even if/though、while、no matter who/what/when/where/how/why、“疑问词＋ever”等引导让步状语从句
While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings. Strong as/though you may be, you can’t lift it.
No matter what(＝Whatever) you do, do it well.
二、 规则应用
(一) 单句语法填空：阅读下列句子，在空白处填入适当的连词。
Group 1: 能力训练题
1. It has been ten years _______ he graduated from Peking University.
2. The scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier _____ that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
3. We had sailed four days and four nights ________ we saw land.
4. I didn’t hand in my paper __________ I examined it carefully.
5. The disagreement was ____ sharp that neither he nor I knew how to settle it.
since
and
before
until/till
so
6. A society won’t progress ________ its members are willing to accept new ideas.
7. Child ___________ he is, he can tell the names of all the cars.
8. The old lady treats the boy _______________ he were her own son.
9. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home ____ you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh.
10. They worked harder than usual ________________ they could finish the work ahead of time.
unless
as/though
as if/as though
or
in order that/so that
Group 2: 高考真题
1. Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, _____ the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.(2025全国一卷)
2. It is a distinct visual contrast that shouldn’t work, _____ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.(2023全国乙卷)
and
but
3. To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill, ____ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.(2023新课标Ⅰ卷)
4. _______________________ gardening may be hard physical work, those who love it find it very relaxing mentally.(2022天津6月卷)
5. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ____________ the late 1980s.(2021全国乙卷)
or
Although/Though/While
until/till
(二) 语篇语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的连词。
I was walking down the street 1. ______ I noticed an old lady who was lying on the ground. It seemed that she was knocked down. 2. ____ time went by, more and more people gathered, but no one was willing to help her. What made me annoyed was that some people even laughed at her. After what seemed a few minutes, a young man came up to the lady. And I also went up to give a hand.
when
As
3. _______________ her leg was bleeding, I advised him to leave her 4. _____ she was. Meanwhile, I tried to calm her down 5. __________________ the old lady wouldn’t be scared. And I called 120. It wasn’t long 6. ________ an ambulance arrived. She was taken to the nearest hospital, where she would be treated in time. Small 7. _________ the thing was, it made a great difference. The fact is that 8. __________ everyone devotes a little love, the world will be more beautiful.
Because/Since/As
where
so that/in order that
before
as/though
if/as long as
(三) 微写作(至少使用1～2个含状语从句的句子)。
为帮助我们更好地理解保护环境的重要性，学校上周日组织了植树活动。我们按计划于早上8点在校门口集合。认真聆听老师的指示后，我们兴致勃勃地开始在学校后山脚下种树。尽管工作很累人，但我们很开心。
看着我们种下的小树苗，我觉得很自豪，也很开心，因为我们用双手为自然、为我们的社会做了力所能及的事。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Aiming to help us better understand the importance of protecting the environment, our school organized a tree-planting activity last Sunday. We got together at the school gate at eight in the morning as scheduled. After we listened to the teachers’ instructions carefully, we set out to plant our own trees in high spirits at the foot of the hill behind our school. Tiring as the work was, we did enjoy ourselves.
Looking at the little trees we planted, I felt extremely proud and delighted because we had done what we could for nature and our society with our own hands.
谢谢观看
Thank you for watching(共16张PPT)
语法部分　
语法填空专项训练二
第二部分　动词体系
课时一
1. The company has gone into a decline because of _________(fall) demand.
2. The local government has taken measures by limiting the number of private cars and _____________(encourage) the use of public transportation.
3. “We’re a dumping ground，” Omar explains. “All the garbage from the rest of New York City ______(end) up here.”
4. This conversational robot companion has cameras in its eyes, which allow it __________(track) patients and use appropriate facial expressions and body language in its interactions.
falling
encouraging
ends
to track
5. ___________(combine) the charm of traditional Chinese designs and the richness of modern living, these hotels will definitely offer you an unforgettable experience and a perfect getaway.
6. The novel was based on a film adaptation of a literary work ________ (adapt) from a true story.
7. ______(see) from above, the shape of this building is like a figure “8” or the infinity sign “∞”．
8. The Treewow Tribe in Zhejiang Province features houses that ________________(surround) by a sea of bamboo trees to provide tourists with comfortable privacy.
adapted
Seen
are surrounded
Combining
9. It’s a reality that food production, biodiversity and carbon storage in ecosystems _______________(compete) for the same land.
10. ______(make) with Toulouse sausage, white beans, pork rind and trotter, confit duck and local garlic, Cassoulet(焖肉) gets its name from the cassole clay pot in which it’s cooked.
11. The resulting sugars are chemically the same as those derived from plants but would be generated in a tiny fraction of the area ________(require) by conventional crops.
12. The “Spring Fair”, ___________(feature) diverse Chinese cultural activities, was held on Sunday at the Garden of Serenity, a traditional Chinese garden in Santa Lucija, Malta.
are competing
Made
required
featuring
13. The project was predicated on the assumption that the economy _______________(expand).
14. Terasa thought the best way to win Sierra’s trust and fondness _____(be) to feed her treats.
15. The cookies ______(be) a hit with Sierra and other horses, _________(send) Terasa’s life in a new direction.
16. He got admission into a top university in the north while his cousin ______________(admit) to one in the south.
17. Then a serious health problem threatened _________(ruin) her plans.
was expanding
was
were
sending
was admitted
to ruin
18. Having read the book, she will be able to pass on the __________ (acquire) knowledge to trainee teachers.
19. In the course of evolution, some birds ___________(lose) the power of flight.
20. The ____________(introduce) electric-powered engines and lifts made the development possible.
21. By the time of his death he was the best-selling Chinese author, and over 100 million copies of his works _______________(sell) worldwide.
acquired
have lost
introduced
had been sold
22. Other Little Year activities include cleaning the house __________ (sweep) away bad luck and hanging spring couplets—red decorations hung in pairs—on doorways for wealth.
23. The earliest batch(批次) of tea is often ready to be picked before Qingming. This precious small output of tea, widely ________(seek) after for its outstanding quality, is called Mingqian tea.
24. The accuracy of the source of information comes first in _________ (deal) with reading comprehension.
25. With the drama __________(release) on China Central Television and streaming platform iQIYI on Jan.28, its viewership is steadily on the rise.
to sweep
sought
dealing
released
课时二
1. After taking pictures, you will head back to the base camp to enjoy a hot meal ________(serve) around the fire.
2. Workers __________________(train) to carefully take buildings apart so that things like doors and windows can be reused instead of ____________ (smash) and sent off to a landfill.
3. Telepresence robots such as MantaroBot, Vgo, and Giraff can be controlled through a computer, smartphone, or tablet, __________(allow) family members or doctors to remotely monitor patients or Skype them.
served
are/were trained
being smashed
allowing
4. Instead, they perform routine and laborious tasks, _________(free) nurses up to attend to patients with immediate needs.
5. Similarly, by the end of 2022, designers had restored the Bamboo Craft Village near Chengdu City, ____________(preserve) the construction traditions to build an extremely impressive roof.
6. The group that scored high on all nine of the risk behaviours was most likely to show symptoms of depression; in all, nearly 15% of this group reported _________________(depress), compared with just 4% of the low-risk group.
freeing
preserving
being depressed
7. Notably, the free-form roof imitates the free-flowing lines of nature, gracefully __________(invite) the green landscape into the private space.
8. For 85 years, the Harvard Study of Adult Development ____________ (track) an original group of 724 men and more than 1,300 of their male and female descendants(后代) over three generations, asking thousands of questions and taking hundreds of measurements to find out what really _______(keep) people healthy and happy.
9. He was excited to experience calligraphy and showed admiration for Chinese culture, despite not ________________(visit) China.
inviting
has tracked
keeps
having visited
10. We might be sitting on a gold mine of vitality that we are not paying attention to, because it __________(hide) by the shiny appeal of smartphones or pushed to the side by work demands.
11. Researchers found that people who were in more ___________ (satisfy) relationships were cushioned(缓冲) somewhat from ups and downs of mood—their happiness did not decline as much on the days when they had more pain.
12. Since then, all government units, organizations and streets communities ______________________________(organize) a yearly autumn trip for those who have retired from their posts.
is hidden
satisfying
have organized/have been organizing
13. Water levels on the Rhine River dropped so far that ships ________ (load) with goods in Germany and the Netherlands, including coal and petrol, ______(be) unable to travel.
14. “This was a crisis ________(cause) in large part by climate change，” says Richard Allan, who is also at the University of Reading.
15. The droughts and the extreme floods that we are seeing _______(tie) together, and are part and parcel of the broader challenge of climate change.
loaded
were
caused
are tied
16. Psychology professor K.Anders Ericsson claims that with enough practice, any of us can become experts. However, he is quick ________(add) that this requires a specific kind of practice that Ericsson calls “deliberate practice”： that is, _________(push) beyond one’s comfort zone and setting goals.
17. This marks the first time that categorical rhythm ____________(find) in a non-human mammal.
18. On Sunday, the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China announced that the C919 aircraft ____________(complete) all six test flights.
pushing
has been found
had completed
to add
19. Found in 2007, walls of the ruins and the surrounding water conservation system combined to display a massive infrastructure base, the construction of which is estimated _______________(take) 4,000 people a decade to accomplish.
20. When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting competition __________(watch), together with the story behind it.
21. Solving “lantern riddles” is among the many popular traditional activities for the festival, which include eating tangyuan, enjoying the full moon, and ____________(lose) in colourful lighted lanterns.
to have taken
to watch
being lost
22. The medals are inspired by yu bi, a Chinese jade artefact dating back 5,000 years. A total of five of this kind of jade __________________(unearth) from a tomb up to now.
23. She came from a humble background and ____________(force) to choose the cheapest school available in the region.
24. The Getty Center sits on a hilltop in the Santa Monica Mountains, __________(tower) above the city of Los Angeles.
25. Because bad air _______(make) it difficult for me to breathe and I think it does influence my performance at work.
have been unearthed
was forced
towering
makes
谢谢观看
Thank you for watching

展开更多......

收起↑