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作
词
汇
1. 　v.(因奇特或神秘而)激起……的兴趣,
引起……的好奇心
2. v.将……埋在下面
3. n.残垣断壁,废墟
v.毁坏,破坏
4. 　　　　 v.后退;离开;退避
5. v.退缩,畏缩
6. adv.此外;而且;不仅如此
7. n.物质
intrigue
bury
ruin
retreat
shrink
furthermore
substance
阅
读
词
汇
1.pyramid 　　　 n.
2.canal n.
3.tropical adj.
4.cyclone n.
5.megadrought n.
6.downfall n.
7.getaway n.
8.subdue v.
金字塔
运河
来自热带的;产于热带的
气旋;旋风
超级干旱
衰败
逃跑,逃走
克制,抑制(情绪)
阅
读
词
汇
9.the unknown
10.uncharted adj.
11.delve 　　　　　 v.
12.shipwreck n.
13.coral n.
14.millimetre n.
15.barreleye n.
16.upwards adv.
不为人知的地方,人类尚未到达的地方
地图上没有标明的
探索,探究
失事的船;沉船
珊瑚
毫米
管眼鱼
向上,朝上
阅
读
词
汇
17.trench n.
18.equivalent adj.
19.stack v.
20.vessel n.
21.vol(=volume) n.
海沟
等同的;等值的;相当的
(使)整齐地堆起;摞起
船;舰
(书的)卷,册
拓
展
词
汇
1. n.文明(社会)→ v.文明化;教化→ adj.文明的
2. n.天文学→ n.航天员→ n.天文学家→ adj.天文(学)的
3. v.离弃,逃离→ adj.被丢弃的;被遗弃的→ n.离弃;遗弃
4. v.拒绝考虑,否定;解雇→ n.解雇;摒弃;不予考虑→ adj.轻蔑的
civilisation
civilise
civilised
astronomy
astronaut
astronomer
astronomical
abandon
abandoned
abandonment
dismiss
dismissal
dismissive
拓
展
词
汇
5. n.扩大;增加→ v.扩大;增加
6. n.调查→ v.调查,侦查(某事)
7. adj.考古学的;考古的→ n.考古学→
n.考古学家
8. adj.显要的;显著的;值得注意的→ adv.尤其,特别;极大程度上→ n.笔记;批注 v.注意;指出
9. n.钻探;勘探→ v.钻孔;打眼;操练
expansion
expand
investigation
investigate
archaeological
archaeology
archaeologist
notable
notably
note
drilling
drill
重
点
词
块
1. 　　　　和……一致
2. 被……包围
3. 把……应用到……中
4. 应付;对付
5. 导致;通向
6. (因无人照料而)衰落,败落
7. 逃跑,逃走
8. 逃命
correspond to
be surrounded by
apply...to...
deal with
lead to
fall into ruin
make a getaway
run for one’s life
重
点
词
块
9. 调查,检查;借出;结账离开
10. 试水,试探
11. 　　 避开……;从……处脱身
12. 动身踏上(漫长的)旅途
13. 积极投入到……中去
14. 再三考虑,慎重考虑
15. 避免做,不愿做
16. 继续做
check out
test the waters
steer clear of
set out
throw oneself into
think twice
shrink from
continue to do
重
点
词
块
17. 保持纪录
18. 与……相等;等于
19. 超出……范围;无法达到
20. 调查(问题)
hold a record
be equivalent to
beyond the reach of
look into
重
点
句
型
1.无论原因如何,玛雅文明基本上消失在了丛林深处。(whatever引导让步状语从句)
,Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle.
Whatever the reasons
重
点
句
型
2.同时,玛雅文明的崛起与衰落必定也让我们思考自己的过去、现在与将来。(leave+宾语+宾语补足语)
Meanwhile,the rise and fall of this civilisation must also
.
leave us
thinking about our own past,present and future
常见的其他前缀“inter-” 集锦:
①national→international国际的　　　　　　　　　　
②connect→interconnect 相互连接
③city→ intercity城市间的;城际的　
④face→ interface 接口;界面
⑤act→interact交流;沟通;合作　
⑥personal→interpersonal人际的
⑦play→ interplay相互影响(或作用)
⑧relate →interrelate使相互联系
⑨view→interview面试;采访
Step 1　单元知识解构
1.bury v.将……埋在下面;埋葬;掩藏;使陷入
归纳拓展
①[动作描写] 听到那个可怕的消息时,她双手掩面,发出一声哽咽的抽泣。
When she heard the terrible news,she and let out a choked sob.
②[人物描写] 这位科学家埋头苦思数小时,试图解开那道复杂的方程式。
The scientist ,trying to solve the complex equation.
buried her face in her hands
was buried in thought for hours
③Because I bury myself in reading the English newspaper every day,I have gained lots of knowledge.
→ reading the English newspaper every day,I have gained lots of knowledge.(现在分词短语作状语)
→ reading the English newspaper every day,I have gained lots of knowledge.(过去分词短语作状语)
Burying myself in
Buried in
2.ruin n.残垣断壁,废墟;毁坏v.毁灭,毁坏;使破产
归纳拓展
①[环境描写] The coastal village (成为废墟) after the tsunami swept away every building.
②[环境描写] The ancient castle,once a symbol of power,gradually
(衰落) after centuries of neglect.
③It has been raining heavily for three days on end,which completely ruined our holiday.
→It has been raining heavily for three days on end,
.(现在分词短语作状语)
lay/was in ruins
fell into
ruin
completely ruining our
holiday
3.abandon v.离弃,逃离;舍弃;抛弃;放弃;(使)沉湎于 n.放任;放纵
归纳拓展
①[报道]The charity rescues (abandon) pets left on the streets.
②[环境描写] The storm raged abandon,tearing roofs from houses.
③She abandoned herself to painting,completely losing track of time.
→ ,she completely lost track of time.(现在分词短语作状语)
→ ,she completely lost track of time.(过去分词短语作状语)
abandoned
with
Abandoning herself to painting
Abandoned to painting
4.set out动身踏上(漫长的)旅途;出发
归纳拓展
[通知] 请注意!我们将于周日上午8点在学校门口出发去养老院,一到那里,我们就打算着手帮助老人。此外,我们计划在下午5点回到我们的学校,写下我们在一天中所经历的事情。
Attention,please!We’ll for the nursing house at 8 am on Sunday at the school gate and the instant we arrive there,we have the intention of
the elderly.Furthermore,we plan to return to our school at 5 pm, what we have experienced during the day.
set off/out
setting about helping/setting out to help
setting down
5.leave+宾语+宾语补足语
归纳拓展
[教材原句] Meanwhile,the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past,present and future.
同时,玛雅文明的崛起与衰落必定也让我们思考自己的过去、现在与将来。
①They covered him with a blanket, (只露出他的眼睛).
②[动作描写] On hearing the news,she rushed out without hesitation and disappeared in the distance, (把她的玩具留在了地板上).
③[动作描写] She
(将文件留待经理明日签署).
only leaving his eyes exposed
leaving her toy lying on the floor
left the documents to be signed by the manager tomorrow
Step 2　长难句分析
[教材原句] ①What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is ②how they were built without the use of wheels,metal tools or even animal power.
尝试分析:此句为复合句。句子主干为主系表结构。①为what引导的 从句;②为how引导的 从句。
主语
自主翻译:
表语
这些复杂建筑最不同寻常之处在于,在没有使用机轮、金属工具甚至畜力的情况下,玛雅人是如何建造它们的。
情境仿写:这些传统手工艺品最令人惊叹之处在于,在没有机器、大规模生产线乃至标准化测量工具辅助的情况下,它们是如何被制作出来的。
is
without the aid of machines,mass production lines or even standardised measurement tools.
What is most amazing about these traditional crafts
how they were
made
①No books can be checked out after 6 pm tomorrow. 　 　
②According to regulations of this hotel,guests should check out of their rooms by noon.　 　
③We’ll have to check him out before we employ him.　 　
Step 1　一词多义&熟词生义
1.check out
B
A.调查,检查　B.借出　C.结账离开
C
A
2.写出下列句中黑体词的含义
1.(2022·新课标Ⅰ卷)Class activities will vary from day to day,but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class’ lecture/discussion,
so it is important to take careful notes during class.
2.(2020·新课标Ⅱ卷)There is also the matter of tone (语气).Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day
3.She claims she was unfairly dismissed from her post.
n.笔记
v.毁坏,破坏
v.解雇
Step 2　单句语法填空
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)That left a house still (stuff) with things that,while not particularly valuable,didn’t belong in a landfill (垃圾填埋场).
2.No new evidence emerged during the (investigate).
3.We need to check of the hotel by 11 am.
4.The book is an (expand) of a series of lectures given last year.
5.As is known to all,the Chinese (civilise) is one of the oldest in the world.
stuffed
investigation
out
expansion
civilisation
6.The growing trend is to apply more and more technologies to
(archaeology) study.
7.Don’t leave the water (run) when you brush your teeth,which can save much water.
8.Getting both sides to agree was a (note) achievement.
9.Whenever you set on a long walk,you’d better always wear suitable shoes.
10.Every member of the community should acquire good habits and modify their behaviours in an attempt (create) a harmonious atmosphere.
archaeological
running
notable
out
to create
Step 3　微写作
[情境导入] 说明文—大自然的奥秘—百慕大三角
假设你是李华,请你根据以下提示简单介绍一下自然界之谜“百慕大三角(Bermuda Triangle)”。
[场景演练]
1.百慕大三角被岛屿环绕。(be surrounded by)
Bermuda Triangle is surrounded by islands.
2.自1945年以来,这个未解之谜已经导致数以百计的飞机和船只化为废墟。(lead to;fall into ruins)
The unsolved mystery has led to hundreds of planes and ships falling into ruins since 1945.
3.所以过往飞机和船只应该避开它。(steer clear of)
So the passing planes and ships should steer clear of it.
4.然而,至今科学家们还不知道其真实原因。(beyond the reach of)
However,so far the real reason has been beyond the reach of scientists.
5.我们希望科学家们继续全身心地投入到他们的研究中,以找出这个未解之谜的答案。(continue to do;throw oneself to)
We hope the scientists continue to throw themselves to their studies to find out the answer to this unsolved mystery.
[句式升级]
将第2句和第3句用which引导的非限制性定语从句进行改写升级。
The unsolved mystery has led to hundreds of planes and ships falling into ruins since 1945,which requires the passing planes and ships to steer clear of it.
[连句成篇]
Bermuda Triangle is surrounded by islands.The unsolved mystery has led to hundreds of planes and ships falling into ruins since 1945,which requires the passing planes and ships to steer clear of it.However,so far the real reason has been beyond the reach of scientists.We hope the scientists continue to throw themselves to their studies to find out the answer to this unsolved mystery.
一、“修辞”之常用句型
(一)比喻
1.Music is the medicine of the mind.
音乐是心灵的良药。
2.The smile on her face shone like a diamond.
她脸上的笑容像钻石一样闪闪发光。
3.I felt a lump in my throat,tears clouding my eyes.
我如鲠在喉,泪水模糊了我的眼睛。
4.She hummed and skipped in the forest like a bird.
她像鸟儿一样在森林里哼唱跳跃着。
5.The scenery along the journey is just like a breathtaking landscape painting.
沿途的风景就像一幅令人叹为观止的山水画。
6.The rescue team dashed to the spot like arrows,offered first aid to the injured and then rushed them to the nearest hospital.
营救队像箭一样冲往现场,给伤者实施急救,然后急忙把他们送往最近的
医院。
(二)夸张
1.The rabbit made me jump out of my skin.
这只兔子吓得我魂不附体。
2.When she heard the bad news,a river of tears poured out.
听到这个坏消息时,她泪流成河。
3.So guilty and regretful was she that she felt as if scores of arrows pierced her chest.
她既愧疚又懊悔,觉得好像有几十支箭射中了她的胸口。
4.All the air seemed to disappear and she felt as if the whole world was watching her.
所有的空气似乎都消失了,她觉得仿佛整个世界都在看着她。
(三)拟人
1.The first rays of morning tiptoed through the grass.
第一缕晨光蹑手蹑脚地穿过草地。
2.Seeing such extraordinary beauty,I think every cell in my body woke up.
看到这绝美景色,我想我身体里的每一个细胞都苏醒了。
3.Immediately absolute darkness ruled the whole forest and an extreme sense of fear seized me.
刹那间,漆黑统治了整个森林,一种极度的恐惧感笼罩着我。
二、“修辞”之面训练
尽管山姆被警告暴风雨即将来临,但几乎没有什么能阻止他前去。伴随着呼啸的寒风和吞噬一切的浓雾,山姆在一个寒冷的夜晚启航了。波浪摇晃着小船,小船开始像游乐园里的游乐设施一样侧向转弯。他们完全任凭风暴摆布。船上挂着的昏暗的灯滑入愤怒的大海,把他们抛在一片无尽的黑暗中。直到这时,恐惧才开始笼罩山姆。然后,黑暗的大海以及闪烁着的几颗星辰,见证了人与自然之间的生死斗争。幸运的是,波涛汹涌的大海终于平静下来,第一缕曙光蹑手蹑脚地出现在地平线上。
Although Sam had been warned that a storm was coming,there was little that would keep him from going.①With the icy wind howling and the thick fog swallowing everything(with复合结构),Sam set sail on a freezing night.Waves rocked the small boat,②which began to turn sideways like an amusement park ride(which引导定语从句;比喻).They were completely at the mercy of the storm.
The dim lamps hanging on the boat slipped into the angry sea,③throwing them in complete darkness (现在分词作状语).④Only then did the fear begin to seize Sam (倒装句式;无灵主语).Then,the dark sea along with a few twinkling stars witnessed a life-and-death struggle between humans and nature.Fortunately,the stormy sea finally calmed down and ⑤the first rays of morning tiptoed on the horizon(拟人).

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