资源简介

(共30张PPT)
专题二　名词、数词、
形容词与副词
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)“You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘　　 　　 (guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei,a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition.
guidance
【解析】 考查名词。物主代词your 后需接名词,动词guide 的名词形式为guidance。故填guidance。
2.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live,thanks to the absence of smog and plenty of blue sky
(afternoon) with lots of fresh air.
afternoons
【解析】 考查名词复数。根据句意以及句中的plenty of可知,此处描述的是一种经常出现的、典型的天气状况。afternoon的复数形式afternoons表示“每天下午”(泛指),符合句意。故填afternoons。
3.(2025·浙江1月卷)Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright,providing a less expensive
(solve) to one-time event dressing.
solution
【解析】 考查名词。形容词expensive后需接名词,且a限定单数可数名词。动词solve的名词形式为solution。故填solution。
4.(2025·浙江1月卷) “I really want to make this work for 　　 　 (people) lives today,and I know that doesn’t always mean returning a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
people’s
【解析】 考查名词所有格。名词lives(生活) 前需用所有格表示所属关系,强调“人们的生活”。people的复数所有格为people’s。故填people’s。
5.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global 　　 　　 (cover).
coverage
【解析】 考查名词。形容词global后接名词,cover的名词形式是coverage,表示“覆盖范围”,是不可数名词。故填coverage。
6.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These plants included modern Western
(favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
favourites
【解析】 考查名词复数。favourite作可数名词时,意为“特别喜爱的事物”,根据句意及后面的举例可知,此处为复数概念。故填favourites。
7.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste
　　　 　 (reduce) by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.
reduction
【解析】 考查名词。根据句意并分析句子可知,空处与recycling并列作encourage 的宾语,应用名词形式。故填reduction。
8.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial　　 　　 (intelligent), or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
intelligence
【解析】 考查名词。形容词artificial后接名词,intelligent的名词形式为intelligence,为不可数名词。故填intelligence。
9.(2024·全国甲卷)“People started queuing to make an
(appoint) early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who...
appointment
【解析】 考查名词。根据句中不定冠词an可知,应用可数名词单数形式。故填appointment。
考点一　名词的复数形式
1.可数名词变复数的规则变化
构成方法 例词
一般在词尾加-s map→maps, sea→seas, girl→girls, human→humans
以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾
的词后加-es class→classes, box→boxes, watch→watches, dish→dishes (但stomach的复数是stomachs)
以-f或-fe
结尾的词 变-f或-fe为v,再加
-es leaf→leaves, knife→knives, wife→wives, wolf→wolves
加-s (口诀:屋顶上的首领有证据和
信仰) roof→roofs,chief→chiefs, proof→proofs,belief→beliefs
以-y结
尾的词 词尾是辅音字母+
-y时,变y为i再加-es enemy→enemies,hobby→hobbies,
difficulty→difficulties
词尾是元音字母+
-y时,直接加-s guy→guys,key→keys,boy→boys
以-o结尾
的词 无生命的,一般在词尾加-s piano→pianos,photo→photos,radio→radios,
zoo→zoos
有生命的(包含植物),一般在词尾加-es tomato→tomatoes,potato→potatoes,hero→
heroes(但bamboo的复数是bamboos)
2.可数名词变复数的不规则变化
构成方法 例词
增加字母 child→children,ox→oxen
改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man→men,woman→women, foot→feet, goose→geese,mouse→mice, tooth→teeth
单复数同形 sheep, deer, series, means, fish, species
表示“某国
人”的名词 加-s American→Americans,German→Germans, Greek→Greeks
单复数同形 Portuguese, Chinese,Japanese
以man或woman结尾的,将man和woman分别改为men和women Englishman→Englishmen
3.合成名词变复数的变化规则
有中心名词的合成词的复数,是将中心名词变为复数 sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers
无中心名词的合成词的复数,通常将最后一个词变为复数 grown-ups, breakfasts, housewives
名词前有man或woman修饰,变复数时,作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变成复数 women singers,men writers
4.不可数名词的数
(1)通常只用作不可数名词的名词:
表物质的不可数
名词 baggage/luggage (行李),cash (现金),meat (肉),
paper (纸张)等。
表抽象概念的不可数名词 work (工作),knowledge (知识),luck (运气),scenery
(风景),traffic (交通)等。
永远不可数的重点
名词 advice (建议),equipment (设备),fun (乐趣),
furniture (家具),progress (进步),news/word (消息)等。
(2)不可数名词具体化
①具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用,常考的有:
单词 抽象名词意义 具体化名词意义
success 成功 成功的人或事
pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事
beauty 美;美丽 美丽的人或事物
comfort 安慰;慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物
danger 危险 危险的人或因素
delight 高兴 令人高兴的事
failure 失败 失败的人或事
surprise 惊奇 令人惊奇的事情
shock 震惊 令人震惊的事情
pride 骄傲 令人骄傲的事情
The activity turned out to be a huge success, fueling students’ passion for literature.
这项活动取得了巨大的成功,激发了学生们对文学的热情。
②抽象名词与a(an)连用,淡化了抽象概念,转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。
The student made an apology to his teacher for being late to class.
学生为上课迟到向老师道歉。
③物质名词具体化
drink饮料→two drinks 两杯饮料;coffee咖啡→a coffee 一杯咖啡;chalk 粉笔→a chalk 一支粉笔;hair 头发→a hair 一根头发;glass玻璃→a glass 一只玻璃杯
考点二　名词所有格
1.-’s所有格
在英语中,-’s所有格主要用于表示有生命的人或物的名词。其用法如下:
(1)表示两者或两者以上共同所有,在最后一个词的后面加-’s;表示各自拥有时,每个名词后都要加-’s。如:
Lucy and Lily’s kitchen 露西和莉莉共有的厨房;
Lucy’s and Lily’s kitchens露西和莉莉各自的厨房
(2)表示某人的家或店铺时,名词所有格之后的house,home,shop等常省
去。如:
at the doctor’s (office) 在(医生的)诊所里
at the barber’s (shop) 在理发店
at Mr Green’s (house) 在格林先生家
(3)以-s结尾的名词后,只加’。如:
Teachers’ Day 教师节
2.“of+名词”所有格
表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系;名词短语或有定语修饰的名词也常用of所有格。如:
the roof of the house 屋顶
the cover of the book书的封面
the name of the girl这个女孩的名字
a picture of my father我爸爸的一张照片
3.双重所有格
双重所有格的构成:“名词+of+名词-’s”或“名词+of+名词性物主代词”。表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”,名词前面可用a, any, some, a few, two, this, that, these, those等修饰,但不能用the。
a friend of my brother’s (=one of my brother’s friends) 我哥哥的一个朋友
a picture of my father’s (=one of my father’s pictures) 一张我父亲的照片
TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) refers to the study of human physiology, pathology, disease diagnosis and the 1.　　 　　 (prevent) and control of diseases. For thousands of years, the Chinese people have been piling rich experience in fighting against diseases, thus forming their own unique medical theory. In terms of the research 2.　　　 　
(approach), TCM regards each individual as a whole entity with the focus on zangfu (the organs inside a human body) and jingluo,the primary
3.　　　　 (channel) that crisscross the body. It has its own basic principles of diagnosis and 4.　 　　　(treat), which build the 5.　　　 　(found) of a systematic theory.
prevention
approaches
channels
treatment
foundation
TCM is often interpreted to be the medical science developed mainly by the Han Chinese. There are many other 6.　 　　　 (branch) of medicine in China.
Currently, acupuncture (针灸) has aroused the interest of the international medical science circle. What the WHO has proved is that it can help ease post-surgery pains, 7.　　 　　(comfort) caused by pregnancy, chemotherapy and toothache. Meanwhile, the 8.　　　 　 (effective) of acupuncture and herbs is also well proved by scientific 9.　　　　 (evident). On May 26,2002, the WHO issued a document that called on more than 180 countries to adopt TCM as an alternative in their medical 10.　　　　 (policy).
branches
discomfort
effectiveness
evidence
policies(共21张PPT)
1.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)“What is your name ” is a question most frequently asked when people meet for the 　　　　 (one) time.
first
【解析】 考查序数词。表示“第一次”的数词需要用序数词。故填first。
2.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected
(billion) of records.
billions
【解析】 考查基数词。空处后面有of,前面无具体数字。故填billions。
3.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered 　　 　　 (hundred) of miles before reaching the table.
hundreds
【解析】 考查基数词。空处后面有of,前面无具体数字。故填hundreds。
4.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)The moment I got off the plane, I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a 　　　 　 (two) thought.
second
【解析】 考查序数词。此处表示“毫不犹豫”,数词需要用序数词。故填second。
5.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two 　　 　　 (third) of the way through her race when a runner in front of her began crying in pain.
thirds
【解析】 考查分数。分母应用序数词,且当分子大于1时,分母用复数。故填thirds。
考点一　基数词
1.当hundred,thousand,million,billion前有具体数词时,要用单数,也不与of连用。
The library purchased three hundred new books this year.
图书馆今年购买了三百本新书。
2.当ten, score, hundred, thousand, million, billion与of 连用时用复数,其前不可以有具体数字,但可以用many, several, a few修饰。
Thousands of people crowded the streets to celebrate the grand festival.
成千上万的人挤在街上庆祝这个盛大的节日。
3.逢十的基数词的复数形式可表示年代,用在“in/during the+基数词的复数形式或所有格”结构中。
in the 1870s在十九世纪七十年代
in the 1930’s在二十世纪三十年代
4.表年龄。“in one’s + 整十的复数”表示“在某人几十岁时”。
The composer wrote some of his most famous songs in his sixties.
这位作曲家在他六十多岁时创作了一些他最著名的乐曲。
考点二　序数词
1.基数词变为序数词的记忆规则
规则 例词
一二三要单独记 one→first, two→second,three→third
-th要从四加起 four→fourth, six→sixth
eight少个t eight→eighth
nine去掉e nine→ninth
-ve用-f来代替 five→fifth, twelve→twelfth
-ty变成-tie twenty→twentieth
2.序数词的使用
用法 例句
序数词在句中主要作定语,一般情况下序数词前要加定冠词。 He is the second person to arrive.
他是第二个到的人。
序数词前有时加不定冠词,表示“又
一,再一”,相当于another。 Would you like a second cup of tea
你还想再来一杯茶吗
有时序数词作状语,不加冠词。 He came out first in the contest.
他在比赛中获得第一名。
考点三　分数表达法
规则 例词
分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1时,分母用复数。 1/3: one third;
2/3: two thirds
分数表达也可以用in/out of(前后都用基数词) 1/3: one in three或
one out of three
考点四　倍数表达法
1.A+is+倍数+比较级+than+B
My room is three times bigger than yours.
我的房间比你的大两倍。
2.A+is+倍数+as+原级+as+B
This line is three times as long as that one.
这根线是那根线的三倍长。
3.A+is+倍数+ the +名词(size/length/height 等)+of+B
Our dining table is exactly twice the width of the small table.
我们的餐桌正好是那张小桌子宽度的两倍。
4.The+名词(size/length/height等)+of+A+is+倍数+that of+B
The length of this street is three times that of that one.
这条街是那条街的三倍长。
5.A+is+倍数+ what引导的名词性从句
The rent for this apartment is twice what we paid for our old house.
这套公寓的租金是我们以前住的老房子的两倍。
The school’s English Speech Contest, held at the school auditorium on the 1.　　　　 (twelve) of May 2024, was a 2.　　 　　 (remark) event that showcased the students’ oratory skills. A total of 30 students from various grades participated in the competition, each delivering a captivating speech on diverse topics ranging from social 3.　　 　　 (issue) to personal experiences.
twelfth
remarkable
issues
After a tough 4.　 　　　 (compete), the winners were announced. John Smith won 5.　 　 (one) prize with his persuasive speech, followed by Emily Brown in second place and Sarah Johnson in 6.　 　 (three). Furthermore, special recognition was given to the top five 7.
(contest) for their exceptional performances.
competition
first
third
contestants
The event worked out 8.　　　 　 (wonderful), which not only celebrated the art of public speaking but also highlighted the 9.
(student) eloquence and confidence. Congratulations to all participants for their impressive display of talent and 10.　　　 　 (dedicate)!
wonderfully
students’
dedication(共35张PPT)
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷) Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces,the beauty in the 　　 　　 (strategy) placement of the pieces,and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings,sculptures,digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
strategic
【解析】 考查形容词。空处修饰名词placement,需用形容词形式,表示“策略性的”。故填 strategic。
2.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷) As the customer grabs the drink from her hand,she smiles and says,“Hello,how is your day ”Even when the line is getting
　　　 　 (long),she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations.
longer
【解析】 考查形容词比较级。根据语境可知,“the line is getting”暗示长度变化(变长),需用比较级表示“队伍变得更长”。故填 longer。
3.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷) You may know the“feel-good” emotions that come with helping others,but there are even more 　　 　　 (expect) ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family.
unexpected
【解析】 考查形容词。空处修饰名词ways,且与more构成比较级短语,需用形容词形式,表示“意想不到的”。故填 unexpected。
4.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷) Volunteers are also 　　 　　 (likely) to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives.
more likely
【解析】 考查形容词比较级。空后为不定式“to look after”,且句意强调对比(志愿者更注重健康),需用比较级。故填 more likely。
5.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)She’d been struggling with eating disorders and health issues,which 　　 　　 (ultimate) led her to getting surgery.
ultimately
【解析】 考查副词。空处修饰动词led,需用副词形式作状语,表示“最终”。故填 ultimately。
6.(2025·浙江1月卷) The price of fashion—economically and
(environment)—has led to the rise of a new way of dressing,and it’s beginning to take off in Australia,too.
environmentally
【解析】 考查副词。空处与economically并列,需用副词形式表示“环境上地”。故填 environmentally。
7.(2025·浙江1月卷) His parents had raised the 12-year-old to be a good boy.He never got into trouble,though sometimes he wanted to do
(risk) things.
risky
【解析】 考查形容词。空处修饰名词things,需用形容词形式,表示“冒险的”。故填 risky。
8. (2024·新课标 Ⅰ 卷) The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective 　　　 　 (function) structure that is also beautiful.
functional
【解析】 考查形容词。空处修饰名词structure,应用形容词作定语。故填functional。
9. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 　　　　 (close) to protect the plants.
closed
【解析】 考查形容词。空处用于stays之后作表语,应用形容词closed,表示“紧闭的”。故填closed。
10. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) They have good reasons for driving their kids to school, 　　　　 (most) to do with safety and convenience.
mostly
【解析】 考查副词。分析句子结构可知,空处应用副词修饰空后的介词短语to do with,mostly意为“多半;主要地”。故填mostly。
11. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors 　　　　 (access) to all.
accessible
【解析】 考查形容词。此处是make复合结构,应用形容词accessible作宾语补足语。故填accessible。
12. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) Those who are dressed
(inappropriate) will be refused permission to participate.
inappropriately
【解析】 考查副词。空格处需用副词修饰系表结构are dressed,说明穿着的方式。故填inappropriately。
13. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) ...AI is already super-smart and will become
　　　 　 (capable), moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence.
more capable
【解析】 考查形容词比较级。根据句意可知,AI已经十分智能,并将会更加强大,此处应填形容词capable的比较级。故填more capable。
14. (2024·全国甲卷) That’s why most pet cats are able to tell
(immediate) if their owners were around any other cats, which they don’t usually like.
immediately
【解析】 考查副词。分析句子结构可知,空处应该填副词修饰动词短语are able to tell。故填immediately。
考点一　形容词和副词的词性转化
1.常见的以-ly结尾的形容词
含义 例词
表示时间 daily每天的; weekly每周的; monthly每月的; yearly每年的; timely 及时的,适时的
表示人的外貌、特征、性格、心理等 lovely可爱的; friendly友好的; ugly难看的; lively活泼的; manly有男子气概的; lonely孤独的; elderly年长的
表示事物特征、环境、情况、状态等 likely可能的; orderly整齐的; deadly致命的; chilly寒冷的
2.常用的连接性副词
连接性副词 含义
though 意为“然而,可是”,表示转折
meanwhile 意为“在此期间”,表示两个动作同时发生
therefore/thus/consequently 意为“因此,所以”,表示结果
moreover/furthermore/additionally 意为“此外”,表示承接关系
besides 意为“而且,另外,还有”,表示并列或递进关系
however 意为“然而”,表示让步和转折,常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开
instead 意为“相反,反而”,表示相反的情况
anyway/anyhow 意为“无论如何,不管怎样”,表示让步
He didn’t reply.Instead,he turned on his heel and left the room.
他没有回答,反而转身离开了房间。
The summer camp was rather engaging.Besides,I also made many friends there.
夏令营非常有趣。而且,我也在那里交到了许多朋友。
3.意义不同的同根副词
close adv.不远地;接近 closely adv.密切地
free adv.免费地 freely adv.自由地
hard adv.努力地 hardly adv.几乎不
most adv.非常;几乎,差不多 mostly adv.主要地
late adv.晚,迟 lately adv.近来,最近
wide adv.尽可能远地;充分地 widely adv.广泛地
high adv.高地 highly adv.高度地
deep adv.深深地;在深处 deeply adv.深刻地,深沉地;很,非常
Deep in thought,he didn’t notice me.
他陷入沉思中,没注意到我。
He was deeply moved by the moving story.
他被这个感人的故事深深地打动了。
考点二　形容词和副词的比较等级
1. 等级用法的固定句型
(1) 同级比较
句式为:as+形容词/副词的原级+as;
否定形式:not as/so+形容词/副词的原级+ as。
He speaks English as fluently as you.
他英语说得跟你一样流利。
(2)比较级结构
句式: 形容词/副词的比较级+than。常用来修饰比较级的词汇有any, much, even, still, far, by far, a lot, a great deal等。
My new computer runs far more smoothly than the old one.
我的新电脑比旧电脑运行得流畅多了。
(3)最高级结构
句式: the+形容词的最高级(+名词) +比较范围(in/of/among短语); one of the+形容词的最高级+可数名词复数。常用来修饰最高级的词汇有by far, almost和序数词等。
He is the most experienced teacher in the department.
他是系里最有经验的教师。
The Great Wall is one of the most famous landmarks in the world.
长城是世界上最著名的地标之一。
2.比较级和最高级的构成
(1) 规则变化
构成规则 例词
单
音
节
词 -er
和
-est
型 一般在词末加-er和-est great→ greater→ greatest
hard→ harder→ hardest
以-e结尾的只加-r和-st nice→ nicer→ nicest
brave→ braver→ bravest
以辅音字母加-y结尾的,先变y为i,再加-er, -est dry→ drier→ driest
early→ earlier→ earliest
闭音节单音节词若末尾只有
一个辅音字母,须先双写这个辅音字母,再加-er, -est big→bigger→biggest
thin→thinner→thinnest
hot→hotter→hottest
双
音
节
词 -er和
-est型 少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble, -ple结尾的双音节词,方法同单音节词 happy→happier→happiest
simple→simpler→simplest
clever→cleverer→cleverest
more和
most型 其他的在前面加more, the most分别构成比较级和最高级 careful→more careful→the most careful
多音
节词 more和
most型 在其前面加more和the most difficult→more difficult→the most difficult
(2) 不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good, well better best
bad, ill worse worst
many, much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
3.含有比较级的常用句型
(1)“比较级 + and +比较级”或“more and more+原级”表示“越来越……”。
Things are getting better and better every day.
情况一天一天好起来。
(2)“the+比较级,the+比较级”意为“越……就越……”。
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.
你越仔细,犯的错误就越少。
4.比较级表达最高级的含义
(1)“否定词 +比较级”或“否定词+ such/as...as”结构表达最高级的含义。
The view is breathtaking; I’ve never seen a more spectacular sunset.
这景色令人惊叹;我从未见过比这更壮观的日落。
(2) 比较级在以下几种结构中均表示最高级的含义:
①比较级+ than+ any other + 可数名词单数;
②比较级+ than+all the other +可数名词复数;
③比较级+ than+any of the other+可数名词复数。
The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China.
长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。
(2025·福建福州一模改编)
As is 1.　　　 　 (universal) acknowledged,the Chinese language boasts a long-established and far-reaching history.What makes Chinese language particularly 2.　 　　　 (fascinate) is its written form.Chinese characters are the only pictorial written form in modern times,many of which have stories behind them.Not only are Chinese characters rich in symbolism but also they are 3.　　　　 (amazing) beautiful when penned with a brush in the traditional way.Known as Hanzi,Chinese characters are the 4.　　　　 (old) and most enduring writing system.Dating back to as far as the Shang Dynasty,when they were inscribed (刻) on oracle bones,Chinese characters strongly witness their time-honoured history.
universally
fascinating
amazingly
oldest
With China playing an 5. 　　　　 (essence) role in the world,Chinese characters are being globally learnt due to the fact that the international community has realised how important it is to speak Chinese 6.
(fluent) and write Chinese characters beautifully.
essential
fluently

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