2026中考初中英语二轮非谓语动词语法知识汇总(学案)

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2026中考初中英语二轮非谓语动词语法知识汇总(学案)

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2026中考初中英语非谓语动词语法知识汇总
非谓语动词,是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。非谓语动词不能独立作谓语,但可以充当句子的其他成分,如作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语等。
动词不定式
(一)动词不定式的构成与特征
不定式的肯定形式一般由“to + do(动词原形)”构成,否定形式由“not to + do(动词原形)”构成,在句中具有名词、形容词或副词的特征。不定式没有人称和数的变化。如:
Who was the first woman to give a speech in public?谁是第一个在公共场所做演讲的女士?(不定式作定语,相当于形容词)
(二)动词不定式的用法
1. 作主语
To be a teacher is my dream. 成为一名老师是我的梦想。
不定式作主语时,通常用it作形式主语,真正的不定式主语则被放到句尾保持句子平衡。如:
“It is + adj.( + for/of sb.) + to do sth.”结构中,如果形容词修饰不定式,应用介词for;如果形容词修饰sb.,应用介词of。如:
It’s necessary for us to keep healthy. 对我们来说保持健康很有必要。
It’s nice of you to look after my dog. 你能照顾我的狗真是太好了。
2. 作表语
不定式作表语,置于系动词之后。当主语部分有动词do时,不定式可以省略to。如:
A good way to train the brain is to do some math exercises every day. 训练大脑的一个好方法是每天做一些数学练习。
All you should do is go home and have a good rest. 你应该做的就是回家好好休息。
3. 作宾语
常接不定式作宾语的动词有:
hope/wish to do 希望做…… expect to do 期待做……
decide to do 决定做…… continue to do 继续做……
manage to do 设法做…… mean to do 打算做……;有意做……
offer to do 主动提出做…… promise to do 承诺做……
plan to do 计划做…… afford to do 负担得起做……
agree to do 同意做…… fail to do 未能做……
learn to do 学习做…… refuse to do 拒绝做……
want to do 想要做…… try to do 努力做……
注意:
①当不定式作宾语,而后面又有宾语补足语时,常用it作形式宾语,不定式放在宾语补足语后面。常用于这样结构的动词有: consider,feel,find,make,think等。如:
Robert found it necessary to learn a second language. Robert认为有必要再学一门语言。
My teacher makes it possible for me to learn English well. 我的老师使我学好英语成为可能。
②疑问词如what,when,where,how引导的宾语从句,可以转化为“疑问词 + 不定式”的形式,在句中作宾语。如:
My grandma doesn’t know how she can play with the phone. = My grandma doesn’t know how to play with the phone. 我奶奶不知道怎么玩手机。
4. 作定语
动词不定式作定语时,要置于被修饰的名词或代词之后,作后置定语。 如:
Without doubt, he is the first person to get here. 毫无疑问,他是第一个来到这儿的人。(主谓关系)
I feel really bored because I have nothing to do. 我感到非常无聊,因为我无事可做。(动宾关系)
注意:
①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,不定式后面需要有相应的介词。如:
What’s the best movie theater for us to go to?哪个是我们可去的最佳电影院?
②不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way时,不定式后面的介词习惯性省略掉。如:
Greenwood Park is the best place to go (to) on weekends. 格林伍德公园是周末的最佳去处。
5. 作状语
不定式作目的状语是中考的一个重要考点,不定式还可以作结果状语或原因状语。如:
He tries his best to improve his family’s living conditions. 他竭尽全力是为了改善家人的生活条件。(目的状语)
Linda arrived late only to find there was nobody in the classroom. Linda来晚了,结果发现教室里一个人也没有。(结果状语)
I felt very sorry to hear that she was hurt in the accident. 听到她在事故中受伤,我很难过。(原因状语)
6. 作宾语补足语
(1)不定式作宾补时是对宾语的一种补充,而宾语是该动作的执行者,宾补用来补充说明宾语做什么。常见的接不定式作宾补的动词有:
advise sb. to do 建议某人做……
cause sb. to do 导致某人做……
allow sb. to do 允许某人做……
ask sb. to do 要求某人做……
encourage sb. to do 鼓励某人做……
expect sb. to do 期待某人做……
invite sb. to do 邀请某人做……
remind sb. to do 提醒某人做……
teach sb. to do 教某人做……
want sb. to do 想让某人做……
wish sb. to do 希望某人做……
tell sb. to do 告诉某人做……
warn sb. to do 警告某人做……
train sb. to do 训练某人做……
order sb. to do 命令某人做……
require sb. to do 需要某人做……
(2)有些使役动词接不定式作宾语补足语时,通常省略to。如:
John made his sister keep quiet when their mother was sleeping. 在妈妈睡觉时,John让妹妹保持安静。
(三)动词不定式常见结构
had better (not) do sth. “最好(不要)做某事” You had better go home and have a rest. 你最好回家休息一下。
would rather do sth.“宁愿做某事” I would rather go out tonight, if you don’t mind. 如果你不介意的话,我宁愿今晚出去。
Why not do sth. = Why don’t you do sth. “为什么不做某事呢?” Why not drop in for a chat?为什么不过来聊聊天呢?
prefer to do… rather than do…“宁愿做……而不愿做……” I prefer to take a course rather than kill time at home. 我宁愿学习一门课程,也不愿意待在家里浪费时间。
adj. + enough to do sth. “足够……做某事” The hall is big enough to hold 200 people.这个大厅足够大,能容纳200人。
too… to…“太……而不能” The hot pot is too hot to eat. 这个火锅太辣了没法吃。
It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. “做某事花费某人多长时间” It takes me thirty minutes to go to work by subway every day. 我每天花费30分钟乘坐地铁去上班。
动名词
(一)动名词的构成与特征
动名词由“动词原形+ ing”构成,与现在分词的构成相同。动名词具有名词的特征,可以在句子中充当主语、表语、宾语和定语。如:
Staying up late is bad for your health. 熬夜对你的健康有害。(作主语)
Her hobby is playing the violin. 她的爱好是拉小提琴。(作表语)
(二)动名词的用法
1. 作主语。
动名词作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;几个并列的动名词(短语)作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
Being successful doesn’t mean having a lot of money. 成功并不意味着有很多钱。
Going hiking is good for our health. 远足对我们的健康有好处。
2. 作表语。
动名词作表语,有时可以转换为动名词作主语。如:
The nurse’s job is looking after patients. = Looking after patients is the nurse’s job. 护士的工作是照顾病人。
3. 作宾语。
常见的后接动名词作宾语的词/短语有:
allow doing sth. 允许做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事
avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 like doing sth. 喜欢做某事
hate doing sth. 讨厌做某事 dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事
keep doing sth. 持续做某事 keep on doing sth. 继续做某事
imagine doing sth. 想象做某事 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 finish doing sth. 做完某事
mind doing sth. 介意做某事 stand doing sth. 容忍做某事
miss doing sth. 错过做某事 be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
注意:
有些动词后面可以接动词不定式与动名词,但是表达的意思不同。如:
分词
(一)分词的构成与特征
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种: 现在分词由“动词原形加 +-ing”构成;过去分词的规则形式是“动词原形+-ed”,也有不规则变化。现在分词在时态上强调动作正在进行,语态上侧重于主动。过去分词在时态上强调动作已经完成,语态上侧重被动。
(二)分词的用法
1. 作定语。
分词作定语时,它所修饰的名词就是该分词的逻辑主语。如果分词是一个单词,分词位于所修饰的名词之前;如果是分词短语,常后置。现在分词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系,而过去分词则表示被动关系。不管是现在分词还是过去分词作定语,都可以转换成一个定语从句。如:
The dancing girl(=The girl who is dancing)is my classmate. 那个跳舞的女孩是我的同班同学。
Cold wind came in the house through the broken window(=the window which was broken). 寒风通过那扇破碎的窗户吹了进来。
Do you know the writer called Mo Yan(=who is called Mo Yan)?你知道那个叫莫言的作家吗?
2. 作状语。
分词作状语时,相当于一个状语从句。现在分词作状语,其表示的动作一般与句子谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。而过去分词则表示动作一般在谓语动词之前或与谓语动词同时发生。如:
Hearing the good news(=When they heard the good news), the students were wild with joy. 听到这个好消息同学们欣喜若狂。(时间状语,hearing与the students是逻辑上的主动关系)
Every evening they sat on the sofa watching TV(=and watched TV). 每天晚上他们都坐在沙发上看电视。(伴随状语,watching与they是逻辑上的主动关系)
Asked (=When he was asked) why he was late for school, he just kept silent and said nothing. 问及他为什么迟到了,他只是保持沉默,什么也不说。(时间状语,asked 与he是逻辑上的被动关系)
Deeply moved by the movie, we all cried. 由于被那部电影深深地感动了,我们都哭了。(原因状语,moved与we是逻辑上的被动关系)
3. 作宾语补足语。
分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语,对句子的宾语起补充说明的作用。如:
I hear the couple quarreling in their home. 我听见这对夫妻在家里吵架。
He spoke slowly in order to make himself understood by the students. 他讲得很慢,以便学生能听懂。
易错点:
1. 只能接动名词作宾语的动词(记错)
常见动词:
admit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, keep, mind, practice, suggest, miss, delay, risk, appreciate
2. 只能接不定式作宾语的动词(记错)
常见动词:
afford, agree, decide, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish, would like
3. 接不定式与动名词意思不同的动词(高频考点)
4. 感官动词和使役动词后省略 to 的不定式
see, hear, watch, notice, make, let, have 等词后接宾语 + 不带 to 的不定式(但被动语态中要还原 to)。

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