资源简介

(共34张PPT)
Grammar
Unit 7
Charities
Learning aims
能正确使用一般现在时的被动语态
能正确使用一般过去时的被动语态
Lead in
Can you tell their differences
Activity 1
Know how to use simple present passive voice
Read the text below and pay attention to the use of the passive voice, then summarise the usage.
A young boy was blinded in a car accident in January this year. Two months later, he was cured by Orbis doctors. In addition to helping patients directly, Orbis does many other things. For example, local doctors and nurses are trained by Orbis so that they can better help patients. With the help of Orbis and its volunteers, the lives of many patients with eye problems all over the world are improved.
请先看下面几个句子，注意动词形式的变化：
A young boy was blinded in a car accident. （一般过去时被动）
He was cured by Orbis doctors. （一般过去时被动）
Local doctors are trained by Orbis. （一般现在时被动）
The lives of many patients are improved. （一般现在时被动）
你发现了什么规律？
时间不同：有的动作发生在过去（was blinded），有的动作是经常发生的或一般事实（are trained）。
结构相似：都是“be动词 + 过去分词”。
动作承受者做主语：男孩是“被弄瞎”，医生是“被培训”。
We form the passive voice in the simple present tense in this way: is/am/are + the _______________ (simple present tense, past participle) of the verb.
We form the passive voice in the simple past tense in this way: was/were + the _________________ (simple past tense, past participle) of the verb.
past participle
past participle
Look at the sentences and find out the use of simple present passive voice.
动作的执行者是泛指或者不言自明时；
1 Courses in traditional Chinese culture are taught in many schools.
在很多学校，(老师)会教授有关中国传统文化的课程。
在不知道或不需要知道动作的执行者是谁时；
2 The toy is designed for children.
这款玩具是为孩子们设计的。
需要强调动作的承受者时；
1 The construction of the Grand Canal was started in the Spring and Autumn Period. 大运河始凿于春秋时期。
出于委婉或礼貌而避谈动作的执行者时。
2 This problem was discussed just now.
这个问题刚才(被) 讨论过。
在被动语态的句子中，如果我们需要指出动作的执行者，可以由by引出。
e.g. Mr Wu is liked by all of his students. 所有的学生都喜欢吴老师。
注意：有些动词常用被动语态。
e.g. He was born in Nanjing. 他生于南京。
This mobile phone was made in China. 这部手机是中国制造的、
Attention
一般现在时的被动语态的结构
肯定句：主语+am/is/are+过去分词(+其他).
e.g. I am supported.
否定句：主语+am/is/are+not+过去分词(+其他).　
e.g. I am not supported.
一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+过去分词(+其他)
e.g. Are you supported.
特殊疑问句：疑问词＋am/is/are+主语+过去分词(+其他)
e.g. Why are you supported
主动语态与被动语态的句式转化
主动句 We planted trees.
被动句 Trees were planted by us.
主语
谓语
宾语
宾语变主语
be + 过去分词
主语变by的宾语
主动语态 主语(主格) 谓语(主动式) 宾语(宾格)
被动语态 原宾语(改为主格) 谓语(被动式) by 原主语(改为宾格)
注意：有些动词短语相当于及物动词，所以在变为被动语态时，应把这类动词短语看作一个整体，其后的介词不能丢掉。
e.g. He listens to the radio every day.
→The radio is listened to by him every day. 他每天都听广播。
含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语的比较多。如果把直接宾语(指物)变为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加上相应的介词to或 for。
e.g. My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.
→ I was given a present by my uncle on my birthday.
→ A present was given to me by my uncle on my birthday.
主动语态 主语(主格) 谓语(主动式) 间宾(宾格) 直宾
被动语态 原直宾 谓语(被动式) to 原间宾(宾格) by 原主语
(改为宾格)
原间宾 (改为主格) 谓语(被动式) 原直宾 by 原主语
(改为宾格)
在主动语态中，不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时，要省略不定式符号to。但变成被动语态时，要加上to。这些动词有let、make、have、see、hear、watch、feel、notice 等。
e.g. I saw him enter the classroom by me.
→ He was seen to enter the classroom.
主动语态 主语(主格) 谓语(主动式) 宾语(宾格) 不带to的不定式
被动语态 原宾语 (改为主格) 谓语(被动式) 带to的不定式 by 原主语(改为宾格)
不用被动语态的情况
1. 不及物动词(短语)没有动作的承受者，不用于被动语态，如take place、happen、come true。
e.g. His dream of becoming a teacher will come true.
他成为一名教师的梦想将会实现。
2. 系动词seem、become、turn、get、feel、taste、look 一般用于系表结构，不能用于被动语态。
e.g. The leaves turn yellow in autumn. 树叶在秋季变黄。
Attention
3. there be 句型没有被动语态。
e.g. There is a big tree in front of the house. 房前有棵大树。
4. 主动句中的宾语是反身代词时，不能变为被动语态。
e.g. He taught himself English. 他自学英语。
5. 主动形式表示被动意义。
(1) 有些动词，如系动词smell、taste、sound、feel等，其主动语态形式含有被动意义。
e.g. The dish smells good. 这道菜闻起来很香。
The music sounds nice. 这音乐听起来不错。
(2) 还有一些不及物动词，如read、write、draw、sell、wash、cook、clean等，常用主动语态，和well, easily等副词连用，含有被动含义。
e.g. The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写起来很顺滑。
The Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature sell well both at home and abroad. 中国文学中的四大名著在国内外都很畅销。
(3) 表示“需要；值得”等意义的词，如need、require、be worth，后接动词-ing形式表示被动意义。
e.g. Your computer needs repairing. 你的电脑需要修理。
Exercise
The Class 1, Grade 8 students are talking about different things they can do for those in need. Look at the pictures and help them complete their notes with the words in brackets using the passive voice. Add the word by when necessary.
1. Charity activities _____________________________________ (plan/to help the poor).
2. Leaflets ____________________________________________ (hand out/to people in the street/volunteers).
3. Old toys and books ___________________________________ (sell/to raise money).
are planned to help the poor
are handed out to people in the street by volunteers
are sold to raise money
What they do every year
Activity 2
Know how to use simple past passive voice
请看下面三组句子，注意谓语部分的变化：
主动：Someone cleaned this room yesterday.
被动：This room was cleaned yesterday.
主动：They built this bridge in 1990.
被动：This bridge was built in 1990.
主动：The news surprised me.
被动：I was surprised by the news.
你的发现：
被动句中，谓语由 was / were + 过去分词 构成。
cleaned、built、surprised 都是过去分词（与动词过去式有时相同，有时不同）。
观察时间状语：
This room was cleaned yesterday.
This bridge was built in 1990.
I was surprised when I heard the news.
你的发现：
这些动作都发生在过去，与一般过去时的主动句一样。
→ 被动语态的时间由 was/were 体现（一般过去时），动作本身用过去分词。
再观察主语不同时，be 的形式：
This room was cleaned.
These rooms were cleaned.
I was surprised.
We were surprised.
你的发现：
was 用于单数主语（I, he, she, it, 单数名词）；
were 用于复数主语（you, we, they, 复数名词）。
这和一般过去时中 be 动词的用法一致。
现在请你尝试填写：
一般过去时的被动语态构成：
主语 + _______（根据主语单复数） + _______
否定：主语 + wasn't / weren't + 过去分词
疑问：Was / Were + 主语 + 过去分词？
was/were
过去分词
观察主动句改被动句，发现规律：
Someone wrote this book in 2010.
→ This book was written in 2010.
They invited all students to the party.
→ All students were invited to the party.
The wind broke the window.
→ The window was broken by the wind.
发现：
原句的宾语变成被动句的主语。
谓语变成 was/were + 过去分词。
如果需要说明动作是谁做的，用 by + 动作执行者。
一般过去时的被动语态的结构
肯定句：主语+was/were+过去分词(+其他).
e.g. I was supported.
否定句：主语+was/were+not+过去分词(+其他).　
e.g. I was not supported.
一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+过去分词(+其他)
e.g. Were you supported.
特殊疑问句：疑问词＋was/were+主语+过去分词(+其他)
e.g. Why were you supported
Exercise
What they did last week
4. New books ________________________________________ (send/to children in need/the Class 1, Grade 8 students).
6. A charity show _____________________________________ (hold/in the school hall).
5. Warm clothes ______________________________________ (collect/for children in disaster areas).
were sent to children in need by Class 1, Grade 8 students
were collected for children in disaster areas
was held in the school hall
Do you know that there are thousands of international charities around the world Every year, lots of money (1) _______________________ (raise/ different charities). The money (2) _______________ (use) to help people in need.
Mr Wu is telling the Class 1, Grade 8 students about what international charities do to plete what he says with the words in brackets using the passive voice. Add the word by when necessary.
is raised by different charities
is used
Save the Children is one of these charities. It (3) _______________ (found) in 1919 and aims to help build a better future for all children. Every year, a lot of children’s lives (4) _______________ (improve) thanks to this charity. Last year, millions of children (5) _____________________________________ (help/the education programmes) from Save the Children. In addition, many people (6) _______________________ (train/the charity) to become teachers.
But it’s not just people who are in need of help and support. Some other charities (7) _____________ (create) for different reasons, such as protecting the environment and animals. For example, the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) works hard to protect the natural world for the benefit of people and wildlife.
was founded
are improved
were helped by the education programmes
were trained by the charity
are created
Amy: I’ve just looked online at some different international charities. They’re all fantastic.
Daniel: Oh really What charities did you find
Amy: I found a charity called Oxfam.
Daniel: What kind of work (1) __________________ this charity
Amy: It (2) ___________ in 1942 with the aim of helping poor children and families around the world. It also makes great efforts to make sure families (3) ___________ with clean water and hungry children (4) __________.
is carried out by
was founded
are provided
are fed
Amy and Daniel are talking about an international charity. Complete their conversation with the words in the box using the passive voice. Add the word “by” when necessary.
carry out do feed found help provide support write
Daniel: That’s amazing!
Amy: Yes. I read an article yesterday. It (5) ______________ a volunteer from Oxfam. It said that millions of children (6) ______________ the charity’s health programmes around the world. And these programmes (7) _________________ many volunteers.
Daniel: Wow! It sounds like a lot of amazing work (8) ______________ the volunteers.
was written by
were helped by
were supported by
is done by
carry out do feed found help provide support write
Write a short text about a charity activity at your school using the passive voice.
Example:
Last week, a charity concert was held in our school hall. Many famous songs were sung by the school choir. Tickets for the concert were sold by the volunteers, and a large amount of money was raised. The money was donated to help children in poor areas get a better education.
Summary
◆一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态
We form the passive voice in the simple present tense in this way: is/am/are + the _______________ (simple present tense, past participle) of the verb.
We form the passive voice in the simple past tense in this way: was/were + the _________________ (simple past tense, past participle) of the verb.
past participle
past participle
Homework
Write some sentences with simple present passive voice and simple past passive voice.

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