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人教版2024 八年级英语下册
Unit 6 Crossing Cultures单元测试卷（长沙专用）
第一部分 听力
1-10:ACAAA CACBB
11-20:ACBAC BBCBB
一、快速核对
第二部分 阅读
第一节
21．C 22．B
23．A 24．D 25．B 26．A
27．B 28．B 29．A 30．B
第二节 任务型阅读
31．D 32．C 33．A 34．B 35．E
一、快速核对
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分25分）
第一节
36．B 37．A 38．D 39．C 40．B 41．B 42．A 43．C 44．A 45．D
第二节 词汇运用
46．invited 47．visiting 48．down 49．the 50．impression 51．to make 52．However 53．means 54．our 55．cultures
一、快速核对
第四部分 读写综合
第一节
56．We should learn about the basic customs of the country. 57．We should not interrupt them and ask them to repeat or explain slowly. 58．Because some acceptable gestures in our country may have a bad meaning in another country. 59．We should not be afraid to apologize. 60．We should be patient and listen carefully when communicating with people from different cultures.
61．例文
In China, we have many special customs.
When meeting someone for the first time, we often shake hands or nod with a smile.
At the table, we should wait for the elders to eat first. Also, never stick chopsticks upright in the rice bowl—it is considered bad luck.
When visiting others' homes, we should take off our shoes at the door. It is also polite to bring a small gift like fruit. These customs show our culture and friendliness.
第四部分语言运用Unit 6 Crossing Cultures
单元测试卷（长沙专用）
注意事项：
1. 答题前，请考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的姓名、准考证号、考场和座位号；
2. 必须在答题卡上答题，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效；
3. 答题时，请考生注意各大题题号后面的答题提示；
4. 请勿折叠答题卡，保持字体工整、笔迹清晰、卡面清洁；
5. 答题卡上不得使用涂改液、涂改胶和贴纸；
6. 本学科试卷中听力材料以中速朗读两遍。
试卷分为四个部分，共8页，61小题，时量100分钟，满分100分。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分20分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。
1．What do Chinese do when they meet for the first time
A．Shake hands. B．Bow. C．Hug.
2．What is Linda used to eating with
A．A spoon. B．A fork. C．Chopsticks.
3．What are the speakers talking about
A．Greeting people. B．Table manners. C．Gift giving.
4．What time will the two speakers leave
A．At 4:00 p.m. B．At 5:00 p.m. C．At 6:00 p.m.
5．What does Jack advise Anna to do
A．Shake hands. B．Kiss on the face. C．Give a hug.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
听下面6段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第六段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Where is Steve probably now
A．In the UK. B．In the USA． C．In China.
7．What are they talking about
A．Chinese table manners. B．Chinese history. C．Chinese food.
听对话，回答以下各小题。
8．What should you do if your pen pal in Brazil invites you to dinner
A．Arrive on time. B．Arrive fifteen minutes early. C．Arrive half an hour late.
9．Where does Bob advise Laura to find more information about Brazil
A．In a magazine. B．On the Internet. C．In a newspaper.
听对话，回答以下各小题。
10．Who is Frank asking for help
A．Becky. B．Betty. C．Jenny.
11．What is the relationship between the speakers
A．Classmates. B．Teacher and student. C．Father and daughter.
听对话，回答下列各小题。
12．Where did Sue go for her vacation
A．Beijing. B．Hangzhou. C．Hainan.
13．What did Sue think of the traffic there
A．It was excellent. B．It was awful. C．It wasn’t bad.
14．Why did Sue go shopping every day
A．The fruits were nice there.
B．To make friends there.
C．To buy some books there.
听一段长对话两遍后，回答以下小题。
15．What do not American people do to welcome visitors
A．Kiss. B．Shake hands. C．Touch noses.
16．What do Chinese people sometimes do when they meet visitors
A．Kiss. B．Nod heads. C．Hug.
17．Who kiss each other in China
A．Friends. B．Parents and children. C．Teacher and students.
听第二段对话，回答以下各小题。
18．What do not American people do to welcome visitors
A．Kiss. B．Shake hands. C．Touch noses.
19．What do Chinese people sometimes do when they meet visitors
A．Kiss. B．Nod heads. C．Hug.
20．Who kiss each other in China
A．Friends. B．Parents and children. C．Teachers and students.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
阅读下列材料，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
In Ne Zha 2, many scenes, tools and clothes look cool. The design ideas are from real ancient Chinese treasures, like old pottery (陶器) or statues (雕像). Did you find any hidden “treasures”
Barrier beasts (结界兽) The beasts wear golden masks and have large, square heads. They look just like the golden-faced bronze (青铜) human head from the Sanxingdui culture.
Seven-colored sacred lotus (七色宝莲) Taiyi Zhenren uses this beautiful lotus to build Ne Zha’s and Ao Bing’s bodies. The lotus looks like the Boshan censer (博山炉). Ancient Chinese used it for burning incense (香).
Dragon tooth blade (龙牙刀) This cool blade is the weapon (武器) of Ao Guang, Ao Bing’s father. It looks like the bronze blade from the Shang Dynasty (16th century BC—11th century BC).
21．Which is Ao Bing’s father’s weapon
A．Barrier beasts. B．Seven-colored sacred lotus. C．Dragon tooth blade.
22．Which part of a newspaper can you read this material
A．Science. B．Culture. C．Health.
B
①The traditional Chinese solar calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. The Spring Equinox (春分), as the fourth term of the year, starts on 20 March this year. When the Spring Equinox comes, the time of the day is the same as the time of the night. Here are things you may not know about the Spring Equinox.
②Eating spring vegetables: Eating spring vegetables during the Spring Equinox is a custom in China.“Spring vegetables” refer to seasonal vegetables that differ from place to place. The ancient teachings in the Chinese classic, Huangdi Neijing, suggest that people eat seasonal foods to help keep healthy and bring good luck.
③Swallows fly north: The ancient Chinese people divided the fifteen days of the Spring Equinox into three “hou” or five-day parts. As the Chinese old saying goes, “Swallows fly back to the north in the first hou; thunder cracks the sky in the second hou; lightning occurs frequently in the third hou.”
④Egg-standing games: Standing an egg upright is a popular game across the country during the Spring Equinox. It is an old custom that dates back 4,000 years. People practise this tradition to celebrate the coming of spring. It is believed that if someone can make the egg stand, he will have good luck in the future.
⑤Flying kites: The Spring Equinox is a good time to fly kites. In ancient times, people did not have good medical resources. So to pray for health, they wrote their illness on a paper kite. When the kite was in the air, people would cut off the string to let the paper kite fly away. Later flying kites developed into a popular game of spring. On the Spring Equinox, people write a wish on the kite, hoping that the gods in the sky would see it.
⑥Reward farm cattle: This practice is popular in the southern area of the Yangtze River. As the Spring Equinox comes, farm work starts and both the farmers and the cattle start to become busy. Farmers will reward cattle with rice balls to express their thanks.
23．What does “spring vegetables” mean
A．Vegetables grown in spring. B．Useful vegetables.
C．Healthy vegetables. D．Green vegetables.
24．What does the underlined Chinese old saying mean in Chinese
A．一候春雷滚滚生；二候闪电频繁现；三候燕子朝北飞。
B．一候闪电频繁现；二候燕子朝北飞；三候春雷滚滚生。
C．一候雷始收声；二候蛰虫坏户；三候水始涸。
D．一候燕子朝北飞；二候春雷滚滚生；三候闪电频繁现。
25．Why do farmers give the cattle rice balls as the Spring Equinox comes
A．To make cattle stronger. B．To express their thanks.
C．To have good luck in the future. D．To pray for good health.
26．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage
A．①/②③④⑤⑥ B．①/②③④⑤/⑥
C．①②/③④⑤/⑥ D．①/②③④/⑤⑥
C
Rules for Cross-Cultural Communication
When we communicate with people from other cultures, we should follow some simple rules to avoid mistakes:
1. Learn the customs first: Before meeting someone from a new culture, learn their basic greetings and taboos.
2. Be polite and patient: Don’t laugh at others’ body language or habits. Be patient to listen and learn.
3. Respect differences: What is rude in your culture may be polite in another. Respect is everything.
4. Smile and be friendly: A smile is a universal language. It can make everyone feel warm.
If we follow these rules, cross-cultural communication will be easy and happy.
27．What should we do first to avoid mistakes
A．Laugh at others’ habits. B．Learn the local customs.
C．Talk loudly. D．Use our own rules only.
28．What is the key to cross-cultural communication
A．Money. B．Respect and kindness. C．Power. D．Knowledge.
29．What is a universal language according to the passage
A．A smile. B．A handshake. C．A bow. D．A hug.
30．What is the main idea of Part C
A．How to cook Indian food.
B．Rules for cross-cultural communication.
C．How to make friends with Indians.
D．Different body languages.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
Marriage is celebrated around the world.
In many countries, it is customary for the bride (新娘) to wear a white dress. The tradition of wearing a special white dress for the wedding ceremony (结婚典礼) started around 150 years ago. 31 Now many brides have their dress specially made. In many countries, colors other than white are worn by the bride or used as part of the wedding ceremony. 32 In China, wedding invitations are usually red and gold.
As part of many traditional wedding ceremonies, a bride wears a veil (面纱). 33 They could only be taken away by the husband after the ceremony. Today, many brides still wear a veil, but only for decoration (装饰).
In many cultures, couples exchange rings during the wedding ceremony. The shape of the ring is a symbol of endless love. 34 The finger was chosen because it was once believed to be able to keep the wedding ring closer to the heart.
Flowers play an important role in most weddings. Roses are said to be the flowers of love, so they are usually used in wedding ceremonies. 35 It is said that the girl who catches the bouquet (花束) will be the next one to marry.
Today, couples can choose from many of the world's traditional customs to create their own special wedding ceremony.
根据材料内容，将A-E五个句子填入文中空白处，使材料完整、通顺，并将其标号填写在下面题号后的横线上。
A．At first, veils were worn as a sign of secrecy.
B．The wedding ring is usually worn on the ring finger of the left hand.
C．In certain Asian countries, red and orange are considered as symbols of joy and happiness.
D．Before that, most women didn’t have enough money to buy a dress that they would only wear once.
E．After the wedding ceremony, it is customary for the bride to throw her bouquet into a crowd of girls.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分25分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Different countries have 36 cultures and customs. The ways to 37 people, eat food and talk with others are not the same in the world. Some people shake hands when they meet, some bow, 38 others kiss cheeks. These small actions show different cultures and traditions.
Table manners are also different around the world. In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, 39 others use forks and knives. Some people talk while eating, but others think it is 40 . Learning these customs can 41 us get on well with foreign friends. When we meet people from other cultures, we should be polite and 42 their customs. Never laugh at their ways of life. Understanding and respecting each other can make the world 43 . It also helps us 44 new friends and live in peace. We should always keep an open mind to learn 45 different cultures.
36．A．same B．different C．easy D．hard
37．A．greet B．help C．see D．hear
38．A．and B．but C．so D．while
39．A．when B．if C．while D．because
40．A．polite B．rude C．happy D．sad
41．A．stop B．help C．let D．ask
42．A．follow B．change C．forget D．break
43．A．colder B．bigger C．warmer D．quieter
44．A．make B．take C．find D．lose
45．A．from B．for C．with D．about
第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
As an old saying goes, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” I learned the meaning of this when I studied in Russia.
One day I 46 (invite) some of my Chinese friends to a famous local restaurant in Moscow. My guests and I were excited about 47 (visit) Red Square and happy about our meeting. We had a warm chat until the waiter told me that we were being too loud. We turned our voices 48 . But this didn’t last long. The waiter came over to us two more times with 49 same message.
How bad an 50 (impress) we left on the local people! In China, it’s common and important for a host 51 (make) a lively atmosphere. 52 , in Russia and Western countries, having a meal in a public place 53 (mean) you must keep quiet. You need to be polite to others.
I felt bad about this. Even though we tried 54 (we) best, it was very difficult to develop a new habit. Finding the balance between 55 (culture) is much fun. I’d like to keep my eyes and mind open.
第四部分 读写综合（共两节，满分25分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
How to Communicate Well in Cross-Cultural Situations
When we communicate with people from different countries, it’s important to know how to do it well. Here are some useful suggestions to help you have better cross-cultural communication. Learning about the basic customs of the country before you meet people from there is a good start. For example, if you are going to meet someone from Japan, you should know that bowing is a common way to show respect. This can help you avoid making mistakes and leave a good impression. Being polite and patient when talking with others also matters. If you don’t understand what they say, don’t interrupt them. Instead, ask them to repeat or explain slowly. It’s also important to listen carefully and show your interest in their words. Avoiding using gestures that may be impolite in their culture is necessary too. Some gestures that are acceptable in your country may have a bad meaning in another country. For example, pointing at someone with your finger is not polite in many countries. Besides, be open-minded and respect their differences. Don’t judge their customs or habits with your own standards. Every culture is valuable, and we should learn to accept and respect them. If you make a mistake, don’t be afraid to apologize. It can show your sincerity and help you build a good relationship with them. Following these suggestions can help you communicate better with people from different cultures and make more friends around the world.
56．What should we do before meeting people from other countries
57．What should we do if we don’t understand what others say
58．Why should we avoid using some gestures in cross-cultural communication
59．What should we do if we make a mistake in cross-cultural communication
60．What’s your own suggestion for cross-cultural communication
第二节（共1小题；满分15分）
61．每个国家都有自己的风俗习惯，请你用英文介绍一下自己国家的风俗习惯。内容包括：
1. How to greet people when you meet them for the first time.
2. Table manners.
3. Rules in people’s houses.
Customs in China
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 A C A A A C A C B B
题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
答案 A C B A C B B C B B
题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 C B A D B A B B A B
题号 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
答案 D C A B E B A D C B
题号 41 42 43 44 45
答案 B A C A D
1．A
【原文】A:We Chinese usually shake hands when meeting for the first time. What about you
B: In Korea ,we are supposed to bow.
2．C
【原文】A: Do you need a knife and fork, Linda
B: No. I’m used to eating with chopsticks.
3．A
【原文】W: Jack asked if he could greet people by kissing in China.
M: He’d better not. Chinese often shake hands with people as a greeting.
4．A
【原文】W: Dad, how about leaving at 5:00 p.m. for the party
M: It’s polite to arrive on time. We’d better leave one hour earlier to avoid heavy traffic.
5．A
【原文】W: I’ll visit China this weekend. Should I greet people by kissing, Jack
M: No, Anna. Chinese often shake hands with people as a greeting.
6．C 7．A
【原文】A: Hi, e and sit next to me. Don’t be worried.
B: But I don’t know how to behave at the table. I even don’t know how to use chopsticks well.
A: In China, you shouldn’t start eating first if there are older people at the table. It’s impolite to put your chopsticks into your food, and pointing at anyone with your chopsticks is impolite either.
B: Okay. I won’t do these things.
A: There is one more thing you need to know. You’d better not talk with your mouth full of food.
B: Yeah, I know. Thanks a lot.
A: It’s my pleasure.
8．C 9．B
【原文】A: Hello, Laura. Where will you go on vacation
B: I’m going to Brazil but I’m a little nervous, Bob.
A: Why
B: Because I don’t know what I am supposed to do and not to do.
A: Take it easy. I’ll tell you what I know. First, don’t arrive early. You’d better be fifteen minutes or half an hour late. They have different ideas about time.
B: Okay. What else do you know about Brazil
A: I don’t know too much either. You can surf the Internet.
B: You’re right. Thank you.
A: You’re welcome.
10．B 11．A
【原文】M: I got a problem. Could you help me, Betty
W: Of course, Frank.
M: I find people in Norway like sitting alone in the park. While in France, people always sit and communicate together.
W: I just asked our teacher about it. That’s because people in Norway don’t like talking with others. It’s a good place to enjoy being alone.
12．C 13．B 14．A
【原文】M: Hi, Sue. Did you have a good vacation
W: Yes, I did. Thanks. I went to Hainan.
M: Oh, really How was the weather
W: Not good. It rained all day.
M: Oh, that’s too bad. How was the traffic
W: It was awful.
M: You said you had a good vacation but you had an awful time.
W: No, I didn’t. I went shopping every day. The fruits were very nice.
15．C 16．B 17．B
【原文】W: Betty, some American students will visit our school next week and I’m welcoming the visitors then. How do I do that
M: Don’t worry about that, Daming. I’ll tell you something about it. In America, people usually shake hands, hug or kiss each other.
W: OK. I got it. We Chinese often shake hands and smile when we meet visitors. Sometimes we nod our heads. But we never kiss.
M: Oh, really I didn’t know that.
W: Only parents and children kiss each other.
M: Sounds interesting. Different countries have different customs.
18．C 19．B 20．B
【原文】M: Betty, some American students will visit a school next week and I’m welcoming the visitors then. How do I do that
W: Don’t worry about that, Daming. I’ll tell you something about it. In America, people usually shake hands, hug or kiss each other.
M: Okay, I got it. We Chinese often shake hands and smile when we meet visitors. Sometimes we nod our heads, but we never kiss.
W: Oh, really I didn’t know that.
M: Only parents and children kiss each other.
W: Sounds interesting. Different countries have different customs.
21．C 22．B
本文介绍了《哪吒 2》中许多场景、工具和服饰的设计灵感源自中国古代真实文物，具体说明了结界兽、七色宝莲、龙牙刀分别对应三星堆金面青铜人头像、博山炉、商代青铜刀。
21．细节理解题。根据“Dragon tooth blade (龙牙刀) This cool blade is the weapon (武器) of Ao Guang, Ao Bing’s father.”可知，敖丙父亲（敖广）的武器是龙牙刀。故选C。
22．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，其核心是介绍《哪吒 2》中结界兽、七色宝莲、龙牙刀等元素的设计灵感来源于中国古代文物（如三星堆金面青铜人头像、博山炉、商代青铜刀），属于文化相关内容，因此可在报纸的“Culture”板块读到该材料。故选B。
23．A 24．D 25．B 26．A
本文主要介绍了中国二十四节气中的“春分”，包括其时间特点以及吃春菜、燕子北归、竖蛋、放风筝、奖励耕牛等传统习俗。
23．第二段明确指出：“‘Spring vegetables’ refer to seasonal vegetables that differ from place to place”，结合语境“Eating spring vegetables during the Spring Equinox”，可知“spring vegetables”指的是春季生长的时令蔬菜。
24．第三段引用的古语是：“Swallows fly back to the north in the first hou; thunder cracks the sky in the second hou; lightning occurs frequently in the third hou.”，对应中文意思为：一候燕子朝北飞；二候春雷滚滚生（雷始发声）；三候闪电频繁现。因此选项D正确。
25．最后一段明确指出：“Farmers will reward cattle with rice balls to express their thanks”，说明农民给耕牛喂饭团是为了表达感谢之情。
26．文章第一段总起，介绍春分的时间及昼夜平分的特点；第二至六段分别详细介绍了春分的五种不同习俗（吃春菜、燕子北归、竖蛋、放风筝、奖励耕牛），这五段之间是并列关系。因此结构为总分式，即①/②③④⑤⑥。
27．B 28．B 29．A 30．B
本文介绍了跨文化沟通的一些规则。
27．细节理解题。根据“Learn the customs first:”可知，为了避免错误，首先需要学习当地的习俗。故选B。
28．推理判断题。根据“What is rude in your culture may be polite in another. Respect is everything.”可知，尊重和友善是跨文化沟通的关键，故选B。
29．细节理解题。根据“A smile is a universal language.”可知，微笑是通用的语言。故选A。
30．主旨大意题。阅读全文并根据最后一段“If we follow these rules, cross-cultural communication will be easy and happy.”可知，本文主要讲的是跨文化沟通的规则，故选B。
31．D 32．C 33．A 34．B 35．E
本文介绍了世界各地婚礼中常见的几种传统习俗，包括婚纱颜色、面纱、戒指、鲜花等，展现了不同文化中的婚礼仪式。
31．根据“The tradition of wearing a special white dress for the wedding ceremony started around 150 years ago.”和“Now many brides have their dress specially made.”可知，在150年前这一传统开始之前，大多数女性没有足够钱买只穿一次的裙子。选项D“在那之前，大多数女人没有足够的钱去买一件只穿一次的裙子。”符合上下文逻辑。故选D。
32．根据“In many countries, colors other than white are worn by the bride or used as part of the wedding ceremony.”和“In China, wedding invitations are usually red and gold.”可知，空白处应举例其他颜色代表喜庆。选项C“在某些亚洲国家，红色和橙色被认为是快乐和幸福的象征。”与上下文衔接自然。故选C。
33．根据“As part of many traditional wedding ceremonies, a bride wears a veil.”和“They could only be taken away by the husband after the ceremony.”可知，面纱最初有特殊的象征意义。选项A“起初，面纱是作为秘密的象征而佩戴的。”解释了面纱为何只能由丈夫取下，符合语境。故选A。
34．根据“The shape of the ring is a symbol of endless love.”和“The finger was chosen because it was once believed to be able to keep the wedding ring closer to the heart.”可知，空白处应说明戒指佩戴的具体手指。选项B“结婚戒指通常戴在左手的无名指上。”与后文“the finger”相呼应。故选B。
35．根据“Roses are said to be the flowers of love, so they are usually used in wedding ceremonies.”和“It is said that the girl who catches the bouquet will be the next one to marry.”可知，空白处应介绍新娘扔花束的习俗。选项E“婚礼结束后，新娘习惯把她的花束扔向一群女孩。”与后文“catches the bouquet”直接相关。故选E。
36．B 37．A 38．D 39．C 40．B 41．B 42．A 43．C 44．A 45．D
本文介绍了不同国家的文化和习俗差异，包括问候方式、餐桌礼仪等，并强调了理解和尊重这些差异的重要性，呼吁大家以开放的心态学习不同文化。
36．不同的国家有不同的文化和习俗。
根据上下文语境，different表示“不同的”，符合语境。same相同的，easy容易的，hard困难的，均不符合。
37．问候他人、吃饭和与他人交谈的方式在世界上并不相同。
根据后文“Some people shake hands when they meet, some bow...”，此处指问候方式，greet表示“问候”，符合语境。help帮助，see看见，hear听见，均不符合。
38．有些人见面时握手，有些人鞠躬，还有些人亲吻脸颊。
while用于对比不同的行为，表示“而、然而”，符合语境。and和，but但是，so所以，均不符合。
39．在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，而另一些人用刀叉。
while用于对比不同的用餐工具，表示“而、然而”，符合语境。when当……时，if如果，because因为，均不符合。
40．有些人吃饭时说话，而另一些人认为这是不礼貌的。
根据对比语境，rude表示“粗鲁的、不礼貌的”，符合语境。polite礼貌的，happy开心的，sad难过的，均不符合。
41．了解这些习俗可以帮助我们与外国朋友相处融洽。
help sb. do sth.表示“帮助某人做某事”，符合语境。stop停止，let让，ask询问，均不符合。
42．当我们遇到来自其他文化的人时，我们应该有礼貌并遵循他们的习俗。
根据上下文，follow表示“遵循、遵守”，符合尊重习俗的语境。change改变，forget忘记，break打破，均不符合。
43．相互理解和尊重可以让世界变得更温暖。
根据语境，warmer表示“更温暖的”，符合让世界变得温暖的语境。colder更冷的，bigger更大的，quieter更安静的，均不符合。
44．它也帮助我们交到新朋友并和平共处。
固定搭配make friends表示“交朋友”，符合语境。take拿，find找到，lose失去，均不符合。
45．我们应该始终保持开放的心态去了解不同的文化。
固定搭配learn about表示“了解、学习”，符合语境。from来自，for为了，with和……一起，均不符合。
46．invited 47．visiting 48．down 49．the 50．impression 51．to make 52．However 53．means 54．our 55．cultures
本文讲述了作者在俄罗斯学习期间，因文化差异而经历的一件印象深刻的事，进而引发对不同文化间差异与平衡的思考。
46．一天，我邀请我的一些中国朋友去莫斯科一家著名的当地餐馆。根据“One day”可知，此处用一般过去时，动词用过去式invited。
47．我和我的客人们对参观红场感到兴奋，也对我们的会面感到高兴。about是介词，其后跟动名词visiting作宾语。
48．我们降低了声音。根据“the waiter told me that we were being too loud”可知，服务员说我们太吵了，所以我们降低了声音，turn down“降低”，固定短语。
49．服务员又带着同样的信息向我们走了两次。same前通常加定冠词the，表示“同样的”。
50．我们给当地人留下了多么糟糕的印象啊！an后跟名词单数impression“印象”。
51．在中国，主人营造活跃的气氛是常见且重要的。it is+adj+for sb to do sth“对某人来说做某事是……的”，固定句型，所以空处用动词不定式to make。
52．然而，在俄罗斯和西方国家，在公共场所吃饭意味着你必须保持安静。根据“In China, it’s common and important for a host...a lively atmosphere.”以及“in Russia and Western countries, having a meal in a public place...you must keep quiet.”可知，前后句是转折关系，且空后有逗号，所以用however“然而”表示转折，句首首字母大写。
53．然而，在俄罗斯和西方国家，在公共场所吃饭意味着你必须保持安静。本句陈述客观事实，所以用一般现在时，主语是动名词短语“having a meal in a public place”，谓语动词用三单形式means。
54．尽管我们尽了最大努力，但养成一个新习惯还是很困难的。try one’s best“尽某人最大努力”，固定短语，此处用we的形容词性物主代词our。
55．在文化之间找到平衡是很有趣的。between是介词，其后跟名词culture“文化”，此处用复数形式cultures表示“多种文化”。
56．We should learn about the basic customs of the country. 57．We should not interrupt them and ask them to repeat or explain slowly. 58．Because some acceptable gestures in our country may have a bad meaning in another country. 59．We should not be afraid to apologize. 60．We should be patient and listen carefully when communicating with people from different cultures.
本文介绍一些跨文化交际的技巧。
56．定位文中“Learning about the basic customs of the country before you meet people from there is a good start.” 得出在与来自其他国家的人见面之前的做法。
57．定位文中“If you don’t understand what they say, don’t interrupt them. Instead, ask them to repeat or explain slowly. ”指出如果听不懂别人的话时的处理方法。
58．定位文中“Some gestures that are acceptable in your country may have a bad meaning in another country. They may be impolite in their culture”得知原因是手势含义在不同文化有差异。
59．定位文中“If you make a mistake, don’t be afraid to apologize ”得出犯错后的正确做法。
60．定位文中“If you don’t understand what they say, don’t interrupt them”得出与来自不同文化背景的人交流时，我们应该耐心倾听。（本题是开放性试题，答案不唯一）。
61．例文
In China, we have many special customs.
When meeting someone for the first time, we often shake hands or nod with a smile.
At the table, we should wait for the elders to eat first. Also, never stick chopsticks upright in the rice bowl—it is considered bad luck.
When visiting others' homes, we should take off our shoes at the door. It is also polite to bring a small gift like fruit. These customs show our culture and friendliness.
写作步骤
[第一步：审题立意]
确定文体：介绍性说明文，用一般现在时为主
明确要点：中国特殊习俗（初次见面礼仪、餐桌礼仪、拜访他人礼仪）
确定人称：第三人称（以客观视角介绍）
注意事项：不得透露真实姓名和学校名称
[第二步：构思布局]
三段式结构：
开头段：总起句，引出中国有许多特殊习俗这一话题
主体段：分别介绍初次见面、餐桌、拜访他人时的特殊习俗
结尾段：总结这些习俗的意义
[第三步：要点展开]
要点一：初次见面礼仪
见面场景：When meeting someone for the first time
礼仪内容：we often shake hands or nod with a smile
要点二：餐桌礼仪
用餐场景：At the table
礼仪内容：we should wait for the elders to eat first. Also, never stick chopsticks upright in the rice bowl
要点三：拜访他人礼仪
拜访场景：When visiting others’ homes
礼仪内容：we should take off our shoes at the door. It is also polite to bring a small gift like fruit

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