资源简介

上海市南洋模范中学 2025-2026学年高二下学期期中考试
英语试卷
I. Listening Comprehension
略
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and
grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of
the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Feel Happy, Even When You're Not
Norman Rockwell created some of the most iconic images of20th-century America. His
paintings, such as the Four Freedoms series from World War II and The Problem We All Live With
from the civil rights movement, 21. __________ (intend) to arouse the best in people who saw them:
hope, courage, justice. But much of his work also inspired happiness, capturing scenes of
lighthearted joy. 22. __________ (consider) Shiner, which portrays a young girl with a black eye 23.
__________ (sit) outside the principal's office with a smile that tells you she has just been the victor
in a fight.
And yet Rockwell himself struggled with happiness. In 1953, he moved to Stockbridge,
Massachusetts, a rural town in the Berkshires — not for its natural beauty and peace 24.
__________ because it happened to be the home of a mental health hospital 25. __________ he and
his wife could receive treatment for chronic depression. There, he was a patient of the world-famous
psychoanalyst Erik Erikson, with whom Rockwell ran up a therapy bill so large that he had to accept
commissions(创作委托) for Kellogg's Com Flakes magazine ads.
26. __________ a man with such significant happiness problems would be known for painting
images of undeniable happiness might seem contradictory. In truth, it's not strange at all. Research
shows not only that you can bring joy to others even if you' re unhappy but also 27. __________
doing so is a reliable way to improve your own well-being too.
The key is to act like a happy person would, even if you don't feel like it. Last year, researchers
at the University of California at Riverside asked people to behave in 28. __________ outgoing or
reserved ways for one week. Those who purposely acted outgoing — which decades of research
1
have shown is one of the most common characteristics of happy people — 29. __________ (see) a
significant increase in well-being. (Meanwhile, acting reserved led to a decrease. ) Similarly,
spending money on others and volunteering have been shown to raise one's own happiness levels.
One reasonable explanation is that prosocial behaviors induce(诱发 )a cognitive conflict——I
feel unhappy, but I am acting happy! — which people resolve subconsciously by feeling happier. In
other words, if you want to feel a certain way, act 30. __________ __________ you already do, and
your brain will grant you that feeling, at least for a while. In common language, “Fake it till you
make it. ”
Section B
Directions: Complete the following paragraphs by using the words in the box. Each word can only be
used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. oversold B. properties C. forcefully D. dot E. enduring F. capital
G. agenda H. authentic I. profoundly J. dampen K. substitutes
The Myth of Sustainable Fashion
Few industries boast about their sustainability achievements more ______31______ than the
fashion industry. Products ranging from swimsuits to wedding dresses are marketed as carbon
positive, organic, or vegan while yoga mats made from mushrooms and sneakers from sugar cane(甘
蔗) ______32______ retail shelves. New business models including recycling, resale, rental, reuse,
and repair are sold as environmental life savers. The sad truth, however, is that all this
experimentation and supposed“innovation” in the fashion industry over the past 25 years have failed
to lessen its planetary impact.
To fully understand just how ______33______ the market has failed the planet in the fashion
industry, let's look more closely at why sustainable fashion is anything but sustainable.
The precise negative environmental impact of the fashion industry remains unknown, but it is
sizeable. The industry's boundaries spread globally and its multi-tiered(多层的 ) supply chain
remains complex. Thanks to trade liberalization, globalization, and ______34______ cost pressures,
very few brands own the assets(资产 ) of their upstream factories, and most companies outsource
final production.
It's not as if “sustainability” isn't on the ______35______ for fashion companies. But several
common steps that companies are taking are not having their desired effect:
2
Recycling: Recycling is ______36______. This is due to a host of reasons including the inability
to plan design at scale due to the variability of supply; limits to recycling technology; limited
infrastructure; and shorter, lower-quality fibers resulting from recycled inputs and high cost. As a
result of these obstacles, less than 1% of all clothing is truly recycled into new clothing.
Bio-Based Materials: Another response to address the growing environmental footprint of
fashion is the “next-gen materials industry.” Innovators are now cultivating and growing bio-based
______37______ for conventional livestock obtained materials (e. g. , leather) and fossil fuel-based
synthetics(合 成 材 料 ). Some of these new bio-based textiles can be engineered to deliver
performance features alongside ______38______ such as biodegradability(可生物降解性).
Unfortunately, these innovations are burdened by high initial costs (relative to well-established
alternatives that benefit from scale economies), large requirements for ______39______(to fund new
production sites), and resistance to change.
Fashion is often said to both reflect and lead culture — the industry has a once-in-history
opportunity to demonstrate that creativity and respect for boundaries can lead to ______40______
sustainability.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C
and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Before the age of the smartphone, aspiring photographers had to learn how to use high-tech
cameras and photographic techniques. Not everyone had cameras, and it took skill and a good eye to
capture and create a great photograph. Today, with the huge range of camera apps on our
smartphones, we are all ______41______ photographers. And pretty good ones, too: The quality of
smartphone images now nearly equals that of digital cameras.
The new ease of photography has given us a huge appetite for capturing the magical and the
______42______ . We are obsessed with documenting everyday moments, whether it's a shot of our
breakfast, our cat — or our cat's breakfast.
Cameras are now everywhere. When there are major social events or natural disasters, it is
ordinary citizens with cellphones — not photojournalists — who often provide the first news
images. Quality still matters, but it's less important than what's ______43______ shared.
3
As people embrace photography and the media make use of citizen journalists, professional
standards seem to be ______44______. In the past, most people trusted photojournalists to
accurately represent reality. Today, however, digital images can be altered in ways the naked eye
might never notice. Any image can be altered to create a(n) “ ______45______” picture of reality.
The average viewer is left with no way to assess the accuracy of an image except through trust in a
news organization or photographer.
The question of the accuracy of images gets even ______46______ when photojournalists start
experimenting with camera apps which encourage the use of filters. Images can be colored,
brightened, faded, and scratched to make photographs more ______47______, or to give them an
antique look. Photojournalists using camera apps to cover wars and conflicts have created powerful
images — and also ______48______. Critics worry that antique-looking photographs romanticize
war while ______49______ us from those who fight in them.
Yet, photography has always been more ______50______ than we assume. Each picture is a
result of a series of decisions — where to stand, what lens to use, and what to leave in or out of the
frame. Does altering photographs with camera app filters make them less true
There's something powerful and exciting about the experiment that the digital age has forced
upon us. These new tools make it easier to tell our own stories, and they give others the power to do
the same. Many members of the media get stuck on the same stories, focusing on governments, wars,
and disasters. In the process, they miss out on the less ______51______ images of daily life that can
be just as revealing and relevant.
Who knows Perhaps we are witnessing the development of a(n) ______52______ visual
language. It's one that could change the way we relate to each other and the world. Of course, as with
any language, there will be those who produce ______53______ and those who make shopping lists.
It's not clear whether this ______54______ of image-making will lead to a public that better
appreciates and understands images. Or will it simply numb(使麻木 ) us to the profound effects a
well-made image can have ______55______, the change is irreversible. Let's hope the millions of
new photographs made today help us see what we all have in common, rather than what sets us apart.
41. A. outstanding B. amateur C. new D. inexperienced
42. A. extraordinary B. rare C. ordinary D. unique
43. A. instantly B. appropriately C. habitually D. occasionally
44. A. appearing B. persisting C. stabilizing D. shifting
4
45. A. shaped B. improved C. clarified D. anticipated
46. A. trickier B. smaller C. clearer D. simpler
47. A. functional B. artistic C. factual D. technical
48. A. improvement B. appreciation C. applause D. controversy
49. A. excluding B. freeing C. distancing D. preventing
50. A. objective B. factual C. subjective D. scientific
51. A. peaceful B. dramatic C. important D. chaotic
52. A. universal B. temporary C. specific D. permanent
53. A. poetry B. calligraphy C. journalism D. reports
54. A. seeding B. fruiting C. fading D. flowering
55. A. Consequently B. Alternatively C. Conditionally D. Regardless
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the
one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
(A)
When I was young, a single summer could feel like an entire epoch. Those endless July
afternoons of our youth stretched out in a haze(烟雾 ) of heat and boredom, where the rhythmic
sound of a lawn mower or the distant sound of an ice-cream truck seemed to vibrate(震动) in a world
that possessed all the time in the world. Now, as an adult, the seasons flip by like the pages of a
thumbed-through magazine. I blink, and it is autumn;I blink again, and the year has disappeared into
nothing. This common experience raises a profound psychological question: why does time speed up
as we age
Current cognitive theory suggests that our perception of duration is closely tied to the density of
new experiences. To a child, whose world is an unfolding tapestry(画面 ) of“firsts” — the initial
sight of a jellyfish or the crisp scent of a new textbook — every encounter is a vivid landmark. The
brain, confronted with this constant shock of novelty, processes information with daunting(吓人的)
intensity, creating a detailed mental map that makes time feel“thick” and expansive.
For the adult, however, life is often reduced to a series of predictable routines. When the mind
knows precisely what to expect, it essentially stops recording. The“logbook” of our days is full of
5
repetitive tasks, where Tuesday is indistinguishable from Thursday. In this state of cognitive
autopilot, the brain shortens time, discarding the seemingly extra data of our habitual lives. It is a
cruel irony:the more efficiently we manage our routines, the more rapidly our lives seem to slip
through our fingers.
If time is measured not by the ticking of a clock but by the footprints of memory, then a life
lived in autopilot is fundamentally shorter, regardless of its chronological length. To reclaim our time,
we must intentionally reintroduce the“new” — to break the rhythm of the expected and force the
mind to once again become a conscious observer of its own existence. As ancient philosophers
suggested, we do not need more years; we need more moments that are worth the brain's effort to
remember.
56. The word “epoch” is closest in meaning to _______.
A. a memorable event from the past B. a period characterized by significant events
C. an era that seems to last for a long time D. a short moment of childhood memories
57. Why do children perceive time as“thick”
A. Because they possess a superior biological capacity for sensory processing.
B. Because the lack of routine allows them to ignore the passage of time.
C. Because their brain's engagement with novelty demands exhaustive mental effort.
D. Because endless memories enable them to recall every detail of their youth.
58. What can be inferred from the“cruel irony” mentioned in the third paragraph
A. Professional efficiency is often achieved at the cost of personal happiness.
B. The mastery of daily habits unconsciously speed up one's psychological aging.
C. A well-organized life eventually leads to a total loss of memory for the past.
D. High productivity reduces the subjective richness of the time we have lived.
59. Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage
A. The Logbook of Days: Why Routines Help Us Manage Time
B. Footprints of Memory: Redefining the Duration of Life
C. Breaking the Rhythm: The Art of Living in the Digital Age
D. First Encounters: Why Childhood Memories Last Longer
(B)
Guinea pig care
6
Guinea pigs are hardy little animals, and their easy care makes them especially affordable pets!
Medical needs
While guinea pigs do not require routine vaccinations, an annual exam and parasite check is
recommended. Seek out a veterinarian who is experienced in treating guinea pigs and is familiar with
medical conditions such as: colds, bladder stones(膀胱结石), and infections. If a guinea pig seems
sleepy eats very little or nothing, or is otherwise acting abnormally, consult a veterinarian
immediately. Avoid using any medications intended for dogs or cats.
Sterilizing(绝育) guinea pigs carries risks and must only be done by a veterinarian with guinea
pig knowledge and experience. If you choose not to sterilize your pet, we discourage pairing male
and female guinea pigs together.
Diet
Guinea pigs require unlimited amounts of fresh green grass hay. Most guinea pig tablets are
alfalfa(苜蓿草) based, which is fairly high in calcium. Feeding additional alfalfa hay or treats may
provide too much calcium and lead to bladder stone problems in some guinea pigs.
Feed tablets are made specifically for guinea pigs. Feed approximately - c. of fresh tablets
per animal daily. Avoid brands that contain lots of seeds and nuts, because the fat content of these
foods is often too high for adult guinea pigs and they make choke on large or whole seeds. Fresh
water must always be available, preferably in an easy-to-reach water bottle. Food bowls and water
bottles should be cleaned and refilled with fresh food and water daily.
Fresh greens and vegetables can be fed in moderation. Too large a quantity or variety can cause
digestive or nutritional problems. Vegetables belonging to the cabbage family should be very
limited(or avoided) as they can cause a serious condition. Fresh foods should always be thoroughly
cleaned.
Housing needs
The best guinea pig cages are usually wire cages with a solid bottom (metal or plastic) that are
easily removed for cleaning. Wire cage bottoms are not recommended as they can easily injure your
pet's toes or feet. A cage for a single guinea pig should be at least 24” wide x 24” long and at
minimum 15” high. For two or more guinea pigs, a minimum 24” x 36” floor size is recommended.
Add a small house inside the cage so the guinea pig has a private refuge when stressed or tired. This
can be a small cardboard box or a commercially produced house available at your local pet store.
Aquariums and plastic tubs are not recommended. They are usually not large enough, do not offer
7
proper ventilation(通风), and isolate the guinea pig from its surroundings by preventing sight, sound,
and smell.
60. If you want to take care of a guinea pig, you should _______.
A. provide unlimited vegetables for its nutrition
B. use medicines which are also suitable for dogs when it doesn't feel well
C. find a mate for it rather than sterilize it
D. avoid food which are big in size and contain too much fat
61. Which of the following statements is true about housing needs
A. A commercially produced house is the best choice because it provides better protection.
B. Any container that provides enough air and clear sight can be used as the cage.
C. A cage which is at 24” wide x 28” long and at 15” high can only be used for one guinea pig.
D. A house made of wire is recommended because it allows the guinea pig to sec its surroundings.
62. According to the passage, which person is the most responsible owner of a guinea pig
A. Linda keeps it in a plastic tub and feeds it with cabbage every day.
B. David puts it in a wire cage with a solid bottom, and does not pair males with females unless they
are sterilized.
C. Emily lets her mother shoulder the full responsibility of taking care of it.
D. Tom feeds it with fresh green grass but refuses to take it to the veterinarian.
(C)
When Kōnosuke Matsushita, the founder of Panasonic, was asked what quality he valued most
in job candidates, his answer confused everyone: whether they were lucky. Not their certificates, or
their intelligence, but luck. While this sounds odd, neuroscience reveals that luck, far from being a
roll of cosmic dice(掷骰子), operates through identifiable patterns of brain chemistry and behavior.
The consistently lucky are not blessed by fate; they are running different neurological“software”.
Consider the declaration“I am a lucky person”. It sounds like wishful thinking. But brain
imaging shows that this shift in self-narrative activates the prefrontal cortex, moving the brain from
threat-detection to opportunity-recognition mode. A self-described lucky individual notices
possibilities that others, scanning the same environment, simply overlook. Over weeks and months,
these perceptual micro-advantages compound. The lucky person encounters more openings, seizes
more of them, and build up a track record that reinforces the original belief.
8
The foundation of good fortune is also surprisingly biological. Our emotional resilience depends
on serotonin(血清素), a neurotransmitter whose production follows a strict daily rhythm triggered by
morning sunlight and a regular sleep-wake cycle. Those with irregular routines elevate cortisol(皮质
醇 ), the stress hormone, which narrows attention to immediate threats and turn a blind eye to the
place where valuable discoveries live. In many cases, the long-term unlucky are merely chronically
sleep-deprived.
Furthermore, lucky people possess an unusually clear awareness of their own fascinations. The
brain's dopamine system, which drives engagement, responds most powerfully to genuine interest
rather than social conformity. By following their“fascination compass, ” lucky individuals enter a
cognitive state where they are more likely to encounter openings. They also score high on
novelty-seeking — trying unfamiliar routes or talking to strangers — which acts as a lottery ticket
careful individuals never buy.
You might expect that people so devoted to their own desires would be fundamentally
self-centered. Yet the opposite is true. Authentic acts of helping others activate the striatum — the
brain's deepest reward center — more powerfully than receiving a benefit oneself. By giving freely,
lucky people build social capital that opens doors they didn't even know existed. Ultimately, luck is
not just a matter of chance; it is a set of daily habits. It comes from a healthy daily routine, the
courage to genuine curiosity, and the persistence to remain in play. None of these require exceptional
talent or privilege. They require only the recognition that luck is not something that happens to you.
It is something you practise quietly, daily and with more neuroscience behind it than most people
imagine.
63. Which of the following is true about the saying“I am a lucky person”
A. It is nothing more than wishful thinking.
B. It helps the brain filter out environmental stimuli more efficiently.
C. It shifts individuals’ focus from threat to opportunity.
D. It provides an immediate fix for one's bad fortune.
64. According to the passage, biological factors also contribute to one's luck because _______.
A. serotonin production is out of human control
B. high cortisol levels are required to sharpen the brain's focus on unexpected luck
C. healthy lifestyle habits create the chemical basis for finding opportunities
D. morning sunlight is the most important determinant of an individual's emotional resilience
9
65. What can we infer from the“selfishness” of lucky people
A. Their focus on personal interests is a strategy to maximize dopamine-driven engagement.
B. They are self-centered individuals who usually pursue personal gain.
C. Their dopamine system is activated only when they prioritize desires over others’ needs.
D. Following one's fascination is a method to avoid social responsibilities.
66. What does the passage mainly talk about
A. The decisive role of luck in achieving career breakthroughs.
B. The potential of positive thinking in reshaping one's destiny.
C. A neurological and behavioral approach to practicing luck.
D. Biological limitations that determine an individual's fortune.
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.
Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. Creators and fans of Fat Bear Week argue the contest has gone viral because it is a conservation
success story.
B. But what began as a specialized contest for conservationists has become a global campaign.
C. The one who gains the highest votes will be awarded endless honey butter and salmon.
D. Fat Bear Week brings Alaska's pure wilderness to fans' computer screens.
E. These dedicated rangers are also responsible for identifying which bears have gained the most
weight.
F. Salmon in the Pacific Northwest have suffered due to overfishing, dam(水坝) construction and
warming rivers due to climate change.
On October 5th, Katmai National Park & Preserve in southern Alaska kicked off Fat Bear Week,
when the park's brown bears compete with each other in a bracket challenge(竞猜) much like college
basketball's March Madness tournament. Fans use before and after photos to vote for the bear they
think has gained the most weight over summer to prepare for hibernation(冬眠). 67. __________
Fat Bear Week began in 2014 as Fat Bear Tuesday. Mike Fitz, a former park ranger(护林员) at
Katmai, noticed that live webcams showing the bears generated a lot of online comments. He and the
other rangers let people vote for the favourite fat bear on Facebook. The one-day event attracted
just1, 700 votes in 2014. Last year's week-long contest gathered nearly 800, 000. Like basketball
10
matches, fans join office bracket pools and gather to watch the live bear cams set up around the park.
Some go further. For example, Jean Gross is hosting a bear-themed potluck(百家饭). Guests must
bring foods that appeal to both bears and humans, such as salmon and honey butter.
The contest serves two purposes besides merely praising these bears. America's national parks
are often in remote, undeveloped areas. They can be difficult and costly to travel to. 68. __________
“The webcams help to democratize the experience, ” says Mr Fitz, now a naturalist for explore. org,
which operates the bear cams. “It's not limited to the fortunate few who can go to the river any
more. ”
Second, Fat Bear Week heaps attention upon the bears, and the ecosystems they inhabit. The2,
200 bears of Katmai are so strong because they feed from one of the healthiest salmon runs in the
world, says Sara Wolman, a former park ranger. 69. __________ Brooks River, where Katmai's
bears like to fish, has so far avoided these threats.
70. __________ Lasting for one week, it helps make feelings of doom about habitat loss and
climate change go away. “Maybe things aren’t super great all the time in the world, ” says Felicia
Jimenez, a current Katmai ranger, “but there's some really fat bears in Alaska. ”
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the
passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
71.
Do you share too much online
It's good to share, right Growing up as kids, we are told to share our toys and not to be selfish.
We also live in an age when discussing our feelings is encouraged. But with new crazes trending all
the time, such as dance challenges and wearing a pillow as a dress, the question is: when can sharing
become oversharing on social media
Oversharing has become connected with social media, but isn't exclusive to this platform.
Imagine you head to a party and meet someone. Within five minutes they have given away intimate
details about their life. While some of us may try to escape these people, according to marriage
therapist Carolyn Cole, this form of oversharing could come from a strong desire to get close to
someone. Besides, a painful developmental story lies behind the behaviour. People share too much
because they have been too lonely. But they fail to understand the risks resulting from it.
11
Dr Christopher Hand, a lecturer in cyberpsychology, says the more details people disclose, the
less sympathy we express when things go wrong. This could be due to a belief that more negative
experiences will be attracted if shared more. It seems that“sadfishing”, the idea of seeking sympathy
by oversharing, is generally perceived as negative rather than the cry for help it could actually be.
However, Dr Hand's research a. so seems to suggest that the more we post online, the more
socially attractive we become on condition that the posts we share are positive. Even back in 2015,
Gwendolyn Seidman PhD, said we should avoid complaining too much and being negative online.
We should also avoid showing off. especially about our love lives. It makes sense — if your date is
going“that well”, would you really have time to share a photo with text
So, how can you know if you are oversharing Well, why not ask your friends in real life They
would probably be more than happy to tell you if your posts about your breakfast or your gripes
about your lack of money really are too much.
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 尽管缺乏经验，这位年轻教师依然全身心投入教育事业。(absence)
73. 我忽然意识到，没有家人的陪伴，再成功的人生也会显得有些空虚。(strike)
74. 这座古老的图书馆始于 19世纪，馆藏从经典文学作品到学术著作应有尽有。(date)
75. 那些对历史复杂性一无所知的人，往往倾向于将自己狭隘的价值观强加于整个社会。
(ignorant)
VI. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given
below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高二学生李华最近，你的好朋友 Alex来信说，他迷上了小说，无论何
时何地都捧着书阅读，挤压上课以及睡觉的时间。他对此很担心，但无法解决这一问题，因此
写信向你求助。请你用英语给 Alex写一封回信，谈谈你的想法并给他一些建议。
12

展开更多......

收起↑