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Unit 8 Making a Difference
SectionnA (4a-4d)
人教版 八年级下册
思维品质
学习能力
文化意识
语言能力
教学目标
掌握现在完成时中for与since的用法差异，熟练运用现在完成时描述持续的动作与状态，能完成句子改写、语篇填空与话题访谈交流。
了解中外志愿服务活动的常见形式，感受公益精神与社会责任感的跨文化共识，培养乐于助人、回馈社会的意识。
掌握现在完成时for与since用法辨析技巧，提升自主完成语法练习、小组访谈与信息分享的能力，养成归纳语法规则的习惯。
通过辨析for与since的用法逻辑，提升时间逻辑判断与语法运用的精准性，结合志愿服务话题形成对经历时长的条理化梳理与表达。
教学重难点
掌握for（接时间段）与since（接时间点）的用法差异，熟练运用现在完成时描述持续动作。能用目标语法开展小组访谈与信息分享。
在真实语境中精准区分for与since，避免时态与介词混用。结合访谈话题，用现在完成时清晰、有条理地分享个人经历时长，完成课堂交流与展示。
01
02
01
lead-in
Watch the video.
03
Presentation
4a Read the sentences. How are for and since used differently
Have you been to our animal shelter before No, I haven’t. But one of my friends has
volunteered here for a long time.
Has she ever done volunteer work Yes, she has. She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August.
How long have you been a volunteer I have been a volunteer here for a few
months.
How long has he worked as a volunteer at the museum He has volunteered here since his summer holidays started.
Read the sentences. How are for and since used differently
Have you been to our animal shelter before
No, I haven’t. But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time.
Has she ever done volunteer work
Yes, she has. She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August.
How long have you been a volunteer
I have been a volunteer here for a few months.
How long has he worked as a volunteer at the museum
He has volunteered here since his summer holidays started.
for + 时间段
since + 时间点
4a
Interviewer: How long have you been a volunteer with this football organization
Volunteer 1: Oh, I’ve been a volunteer since last year.
Interviewer: How long have you been a volunteer at the museum
Volunteer 2: Well, I’ve only been a guide here for two weeks.
Interviewer: Have you been a volunteer with the beach clean-up organization for long
Volunteer 3: Yes, for about seven years.
Ella: Hi, Teng Fei. What are your plans for the summer holidays
Teng Fei: I think I’ll do some volunteer work at a nursing home
with my youth group. I’ve been a volunteer there since last year.
Look ,read and learn
现在完成时
1. 现在完成时的用法
表示某一动作或状态从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在，可以和表示延续的时间状语连用，如“for +时间段”强调动作或状态的持续时间。
“since+时间点”强调动作或状态的开始时间，时间点可以是具体的时间、一般过去时的句子，也可以是“一段时间+ago”。
I have been a volunteer for two years. 我做志愿者已经两年了。
I have been a volunteer since 2024. 自从 2024 年起我就当了志愿者。
He has lived here since he was ten. 他从十岁起就住在这里。
She has worked here since three years ago. 三年前开始她就在这里工作了。
Grammar
现在完成时时间状语总结：
for + 一段时间
since + 过去时间点 / 时间段 + ago / 从句
already / just / never / yet / ever
最近：recently / in recent …
迄今为止：so far / up to now
over / in the past / last + 一段时间
（二）现在完成时中的谓语动词规则变化
第一课时 1a-2d
在含有现在完成时的肯定句中，与表示持续性时间的状语连用的动词一般为延续性动词，但在否定句中，可以用非延续性动词。
常见的延续性动词有have、live、teach、learn、work、study、know等；常见的非延续性动词(词组)有come、go、leave、start、die、finish、become、join、buy、get married等。
He has joined the communist youth League for two years.
He has been a member of the communist youth League for two years.
（ ）
（ ）
第一课时 1a-2d
他加入共青团两年了。
I have bought this watch for two years.
I have had this watch for two years.
（ ）
（ ）
第一课时 1a-2d
这块手表我买了两年了。
非延续性动词可以转换为延续性动词。
非延续性动词 对应的延续性表达 例句
begin/start have/has been on The film has been on for 20 minutes.
finish/stop have/has been over The parade has been over for 2 hours.
come/go/arrive have/has been in/at Kitty has been in HK for two days.
leave have/has been away She has been away from home since Tuesday.
borrow have/has kept She has kept this book since last book.
join have/has been in have/has been a member of Simon has been a member of the Football Club since last year.
marry have/has been married They have been married for 15 years.
die have/has been dead The fish has been dead for some time.
二、观察上面画出的现在完成时的时间状语(从句)的引导词，分析并归纳这些引导词的用法，完成表格。
for 后面接的是时间1. ________(段/点)，常与2. ________(延续/非延续)性动词连用。
since 后面接的是时间3. ________(段/点)。
后面接的是时间状语从句，从句中用一般4. ________(过去/现在)时。
段
延续
点
过去
如何区分
一般过去时和现在完成时
问题思考
Have you seen the movie yet
Yes, I have.
I watched it yesterday.
When did you watch it
探索发现
一般过去时 现在完成时
与现在没联系
与现在有联系
只表示过去发生的
动作或状态
表示过去发生的事情对
现在造成的影响或结果
探索发现
unit 7 a good read
一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
一般过去时 现在完成时
基本含义 过去发生的动作 / 状态，和现在无关 过去动作对现在有影响，或持续到现在
时间状语 yesterday,last week,ago,in 2019 等具体过去时间 already,yet,ever,never,for,since,so far 等
结构 主语 + 动词过去式 主语 + have/has + 过去分词
强调内容 动作发生在过去，只讲过去 强调对现在的结果、影响或持续状态
相同点 动作都发生在过去 动作都发生在过去
A: _________ you__________ (finish) homework
B: Yes, I have.
A: When_________ you___________ (finish) it
B: I__________ (finish) it at 19:00.
A: _________ you___________ (send) the letter to
your cousin yet
B: Yes, I___________ (send) it last month.
Have
finished
finished
did
finish
Have
sent
sent
牛刀小试
1. A: Have you________heard of the book The Little Prince
B: No, I’ve________heard of it.
A: I’ve_________finished reading it. It’s such a simple story, but you can learn a lot from it!
2. A: Have you chosen a book for your book report________
B: Yes, I’ve chosen The Little Match Girl. It’s such a sad story, but I love it. I’ve_________ read it many times.
3. A: I’ve______ read a classic novel before. Could you recommend one
B: Well, I’ve______finished Outlaws of the Marsh. It’s really good!
A: Oh, thanks! Could I borrow it
B: Sure!
4b
Complete the conversations with ever, never, just, already, or yet.
ever
never
already
yet
already
just
already
二、观察上题所填的词，分析并归纳这几个词的用法，并完成表格。(8分)
含义 用法 位置
ever 曾经 7. ___________ 句中
never 8. ________ 9. ________ 句中
just 10. ________ 肯定句 句中
already 已经 肯定句 11. ________
yet 12. ________ 13. ___________ 14. ________
否定句/疑问句
从不
否定句
刚刚
句中/句末
还；仍然
否定句/疑问句
句末
03
Practice
unit 7 a good read
4c
Complete the passage with the simple past or present perfect formsof the verbs in brackets.
Have
tried
decided
began
have
read
have taught
have allowed
have realized
knew
unit 7 a good read
Interview your classmates and find out who has done these activities.
4d
read all four Chinese literary classics
watched a movie based on a novel
read a book in a different language
read a book more than twice
read a book with more than 500 pages
joined a reading club
05
Summary
unit 7 a good read
现在完成时
定义：过去的动作对现在有影响，或持续到现在还可能继续下去
肯定句：主语+have/has+done
否定句：主语+have/has not done
一般疑问句： Have/Has+主语+done...
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+have/has
否定回答：No, 主语+have/has not.
特殊疑问句：
特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
标志词：
already, yet, ever, never
过去分词变化规则
Exercise
unit 7 a good read
We decided ________ (visit) the museum this weekend.
Have you decided ________ a book for your English report
I have never heard ________ this famous writer before.
She borrowed a novel ________ the school library yesterday.
You should finish your homework as quickly ________ possible.
At the start ________ the term, we made a study plan.
The story teaches us a lot ________ friendship and courage.
In the past, I ________ (not like) reading English books.
There are many ________ (difference) cultures in the world.
I didn’t realize how important English ________ (be).
to visit
on
of
from
as
of
about
didn’t like
different
is
08
Homework
unit 7 a good read
Homework
【基础作业】总结现在完成时的知识点，绘制一幅思维导图。
【进阶作业】采访同学，结合现在完成时，撰写一个采访报告。
【拓展作业】运用现在完成时，介绍一本你看过的名著，把这本名著推荐给同学。
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用 for 或 since
I have lived in this city ______ 5 years.
She has learned English ______ 2020.
He has known me ______ three years ago.
My mom has worked here ______ a long time.
They have been friends ______ they were little kids.
用 ever/never/just/already/yet
Have you ______ been to an animal shelter
I haven’t finished my homework ______.
She has ______ read this novel many times.
I have ______ heard of this writer, so I know nothing about him.
He has ______ come back from volunteer work.
句型转换
He joined the music club last year.（同义句，现在完成时）
He ______ ______ a member of the music club ______ last year.
The film began ten minutes ago.（同义句）
The film ______ ______ ______ for ten minutes.
单项选择
( )1. —How long have you ______ a volunteer
—______ half a year.
been; For B. been; Since C. become; For
( )2. I ______ this book for two weeks.
have bought B. have had C. bought
( )3. —Have you cleaned the room ______
—Yes, I have. I ______ it ten minutes ago.
yet; cleaned B. already; have cleaned C. yet; have cleaned
( )4. She has lived here ______ she was five.
for B. since C. in
.
八下Unit 8 Making a Difference Section A (4a- 4d)课堂练习参考答案：
用 for 或 since 填空
1. for 2. since 3. since 4. for 5. since
用 ever/never/just/already/yet 填空
ever 2. yet 3. already 4. never 5. just
句型转换 1. has been; since 2. has been on
单项选择
1. A 2. B 3. A 4. B/ 让教学更有效 精品试卷 | 英语学科
一、基本信息
授课年级：八年级下册
课时：1 课时（4a-4d）
课题：Unit 8 Making a Difference Section A
核心语法：现在完成时 for & since 用法辨析；ever/never/just/already/yet 用法；现在完成时 vs 一般过去时；延续性与非延续性动词转换
话题：志愿服务、课外阅读、名著阅读
二、教学目标
1. 语言能力
掌握 for + 时间段、since + 时间点 / 一般过去时从句 的用法差异，能用现在完成时描述持续动作和状态。
熟练运用 ever/never/just/already/yet 完成情景对话。
区分现在完成时与一般过去时，掌握非延续性动词变延续性表达的常用搭配。
2. 文化意识
了解中外志愿服务形式、经典文学阅读文化，培养公益意识、社会责任感与阅读素养。
3. 思维品质
通过观察例句归纳语法规则，辨析时态差异，提升逻辑归纳和语言精准运用能力。
4. 学习能力
学会自主归纳语法、小组访谈合作、运用目标句型进行口语交流与书面表达。
三、教学重难点
重点
for 与 since 在现在完成时中的用法区别。
ever/never/just/already/yet 的词义及句式位置。
现在完成时基本结构及语境运用。
难点
真实语境中精准区分 for/since，不混用介词与时态。
非延续性动词与延续性动词转换用法。
现在完成时与一般过去时的语境辨析。
四、教学准备
多媒体课件、视频素材、课堂练习题单
五、教学过程（45 分钟）
Step 1 Lead-in 导入（5 分钟）
播放志愿服务短视频，提问：
Do you do volunteer work
How long have you been a volunteer
自然引出本节课核心：用现在完成时描述做志愿者持续多久，导入 for 和 since 用法。
Step 2 Presentation 新知呈现（15 分钟）
学习 4a 例句，引导学生观察总结：
for + 时间段：a long time、a few months、two weeks
since + 时间点：last August、last year、his summer holidays started
精讲语法规则
现在完成时表动作从过去持续到现在。
since 后可接：具体时间、过去时态从句、一段时间 + ago。
精讲延续性 vs 非延续性动词
举例纠错：
He has joined the League for two years.（错）
He has been a member of the League for two years.（对）
呈现常用动词转换表：begin→be on、leave→be away、borrow→keep、die→be dead 等。
辨析现在完成时 vs 一般过去时
表格对比：含义、时间标志词、与现在联系、句式结构。
归纳 ever/never/just/already/yet 含义、用法及句中位置。
Step 3 Practice 分层练习（15 分钟）
4b 填空：用 ever, never, just, already, yet 补全对话，核对答案并讲解用法。
4c 语篇填空：用一般过去时和现在完成时填空，强化时态辨析。
4d 口语活动：小组采访同学，完成话题：读名著、看小说改编电影、读外文书籍等，用 How long have you... 句型问答。
Step 4 Summary 课堂小结（5 分钟）
师生共同梳理：
for + 时间段；since + 时间点 / 过去从句
五大副词 ever/never/just/already/yet 用法
现在完成时结构、与一般过去时区别
非延续性动词转延续性动词常用搭配
Step 5 Homework 作业布置（5 分钟）
基础：绘制现在完成时知识点思维导图。
进阶：采访 3 名同学，用现在完成时写简短采访报告。
拓展：用现在完成时介绍一本读过的经典名著。
六、板书设计
Unit 8 Section A 4a-4d
1. for & since
for + 时间段 （延续动词）
since + 时间点 / 一般过去时从句 / 时间段 + ago
2. 副词用法
ever 曾经 never 从不 just 刚刚
already 已经（肯定句） yet 还（否定 / 疑问，句末）
3. 时态区别
现在完成时：过去→现在，有影响 / 持续
一般过去时：仅过去，与现在无关
4. 短暂动词→延续
join→be a member of
leave→be away borrow→keep die→be dead

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