资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
初中语法之时态综合
知识点1：一般现在时
结构：
当谓语是实义动词时：动词原形或动词三单
当谓语是 be 动词时：am/is/are
时间状语：
every day/week/month/year..., usually, often, always, on Sundays, once/ twice a week, three times a week等
三、用法
1. 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
　　时间状语： every…, sometimes,　at…, on Sunday
　　I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
　　He cycles to work every day.
2. 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
　Shanghai lies in the east of China.
　Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
3. 表示格言或警句。
　　Pride goes before a fall.　骄者必败。
　注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
　　Columbus proved that the earth is round.
4. 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
　　I don't want so much.
　　Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
5. 一般现在时表将来：
下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
　 　　The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
　 　　When does the bus start It starts in ten minutes.
知识点2：一般过去时
一、结构：
1）当谓语是实义动词时：动词过去式
2）当谓语是 be 动词时：was/were
二、时间状语：
ago, last week/month/year, yesterday, the day before yesterday, in+过去时间等
三、用法
1. 表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或状态，常有明确的时间状语，如yesterday，last night, some years ago，in1890等，以及由when等引导的时间状语从句。
Tom didn't come to class yesterday.
2. 表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作常与often，usually，seldom等表示频度的副词连用。
When I was in the countryside, I often called on my old friends there.
3. 在条件、时间状语从句中，常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.
知识点3：一般将来时
一、结构：
1）will/shall+动词原形
2)am/is/are going to do
二、时间状语：
tomorrow, next week/year/month, the day after tomorrow, in+将来的时间， in the future，等
三、用法
1. 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, in the future, next year等。一般将来时由“助动词will/shall+动词原形”构成。
He will come to see you the day after tomorrow.
2. 一般将来时的其他表达法
（1）“be going to+动词原形”表将来
①这种结构表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事。
They are going to meet outside the school gate.
②还可表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象，认为某事即将发生、肯定会发生或可能出现的情况。
I think I'm going to die.
Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain.
（2）用现在进行时来表示将来。现在进行时表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，这一结构常用于表示位置转移的动词，如come , go , leave, start ,move, arrive等，还有join, play, eat, work, return, take, wear, stay, sleep, meet等。常与表示将来的时间状语连用。
I'm leaving for Tibet on Sunday.
When are you going back to your factory
（3）一般现在时表示将来。用一般现在时表示根据规定预计要发生、安排或计划好的将来的动作。这一结构常用于表示位置转移的动词，如come, go, leave, start, begin, sail, return, stop, end, open, stay等。
The plane starts at 8 o'clock in the morning.
When does the show begin
知识点4：现在进行时
一、结构：
am/is/are doing
二、时间状语：
now, listen!, look!, at this moment等
三、用法
1.表示说话人说话时正在进行的动作，它不涉及该动作的发生和结果，译成汉语“正在”，这一用法常和表示此刻的时间状语连用，如now, at this time, at present，at the moment等。
I'm doing my homework now.
It's raining hard.
2. 表示现阶段但并非眼下正在进行着的动作，这种动作常与表示一段的时间状语连用，如these days , this week等。
He is writing a novel now.
3. 表示将来的动作
表示某个按最近的计划或安排将要进行的动作，或即将开始或进行的动作。常用的这类词go, come, leave, stay, start, arrive, land, meet, move, return, stay, stop, do, dine等，通常要与表示将来的时间状语连用，以区别此刻正在进行的动作。
He is coming to see you tomorrow.
His sister is leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow.
知识点5：过去进行时
一、结构：
was/were doing
二、时间状语：
at that moment, at 9 o’clock last night, when引导的从句等
三、用法
1.表示过去某一时刻正在或过去某段时间正在进行的动作。动作发生的特定时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明。
It was raining at 6 o'clock this morning.
I was living in my teacher's house when I was in middle school.
注意：在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，延续时间较长的动作用过去进行时，另一个动作用一般过去时。如果表示两个延续动作在过去某一时刻同时进行，而不考虑动作的先后长短，则主句和从句的谓语动词都用过去进行时。
When I entered the room, she was sitting at her desk.
The students were reading while the teacher was grading their homework.
知识点6：现在完成时
一、结构：
肯定句：have/has +过去分词
否定句：主+haven’t/hasn’t+V.过分+其他.
一般疑问句：Have/Has+主+V.过分+其他
简略答语：Yes，主语+have/has.(肯定) No，主语+haven’t/hasn’t.(否定)
二、时间状语：
since+时间点, for+时间段，already, yet, how long 等
注意：already 和 yet 的用法区别：
① already用于肯定句，一般位于句中；
② yet 用在疑问句或否定句中，一般位于句末。
e.g: Mary has already seen this film.
Mary hasn’t seen this film yet.
用法
指过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，一般与already，just，yet等连用。
指过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，并且有可能还会持续到将来的动作或状态，一般与since，for，how long等连用，此时的动词为延续性动词
常见考点
区分have / has been to, have / has gone to , have / has been in
① “have/has been to + 地名” 表示“曾经去过某地”（去过已经回来），说话时已回到说话地点
② “have/has gone to + 地名”表示“已经去了某地”（去了还没回来），说话时还没回到说话地点。
③ “have/has been in +地名” 表示“已经待在某地一段时间了”，
2. 非延续性动词&延续性动词转换
汉语意思 结束性动词 持续性动词或系表结构
来/到达 come /arrive/get to have been here/have been in +某地
来到 come to have been in (at)
出去 go out have been out
离开 leave have been away(from)
*借 borrow have kept
*开始 begin (start) have been on
*买 buy have had, have kept
穿(戴) put on have worn
*死去 die have been dead
感冒 catch a cold have had a cold
*结婚 get married have been married
*入团 join the League become a League member have been in the League have been a League member
*入党 join the Party become a Party member have been in the Party have been a Party member
*参军 join the army become a soldier have been in the army have been a soldier
成为(老师,医生…..) become a teacher (a doctor) have been a teacher(a doctor)
3.重点句型
1） It is the first / second time…that…结构中，that从句部分用现在完成时。
Eg. It is the first time that I have visited the city.
2）It is (has been) +一段时间+since+结束性动词的一般过去时。
Eg. It is (has been) two years since she bought the pen.
知识点7：过去完成时
一、结构：
had done
二、时间状语：
by+过去的时间点，by the end of+过去的时间点，before+过去的时间点，由 when, before, after, until 等引导的从句
三、用法
1.表示动作发生在过去的过去
By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself.
When we got to the cinema, the film had already begun.
随堂练习
一、单项选择
---Do you know our town at all 　
　 ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
was　 B. have been　 C. came　 D. am coming
He said he________me a present unless I_______ in doing the experiment.
　A. had not given; had not succeeded　　B. would not give; succeed
　C. will not give; succeed　　　 　D. would not give; will succeed.
3. Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.　
A. made　 B. is making　 C. was making　 D. makes
4. As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read； was falling　 B. was reading； fell　
C. was reading； was falling　D. read；fell
5.---- Your phone number again I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.　　　　　　
didn't　　B. couldn't　C. don't　D. can't
二、根据所给单词的正确形式填空：
Simon _____________ (make) a model plane at 8:00 a.m.
Peter ______________(do) his homework at seven last night.
They ____________ (watch) a football match from 7:00 to 9:00 last night.
He _____________(try) to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.
What book ________ you ____________(read) when I ________ (see)you at four yesterday afternoon
While she __________ (watch) TV, her son ____________ (play) outside the room.
It ________ (begin) to rain while we _____________(work) in the field.
I ________ (do) my homework last night when the light _______ (go) out. {go out 意为熄灭｝
——I saw you in the reading room yesterday , Tom. What were you doing
------Oh, I ____________ (read) some books on science.
10. The girls ___________(dance) while the boys ____________(sing) at the party.
11.--- Did you see Tim just now
--- Yes. He __________ (fish) by the river.
12.When the teacher ______ (come) into the classroom, the students __________(laugh)loudly.
参考答案
一、单项选择
BBCBA
二、根据所给单词的正确形式填空：
was making
was doing
were watching
was trying
were; reading; saw
was watching; was playing
began; were working
was doing; went
was reading
were dancing; were singing
was fishing
came; were laughing

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