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必修一 Unit1知识点
必修一U1【Reading语法】
●Reading
Words
potential
n.【U】潜力，可能性，电势，潜质 adj. 潜在的，可能的
【变形】potentially adv. 潜在地，可能地
-ly a. 表形容词，通常加在名词后 lovely 可爱的 (love 爱) friendly 友好的 (friend 朋友) otherworldly 超世俗的 (otherworld 超世) costly 昂贵的 (cost 昂贵)
ad. 表副词，通常加在形容词后 (另见-able/-ably) extremely 过分的 (extreme 极端的) probably 可能地 (probable 可能的) gloriously 光荣地 (glorious 光荣的)
【拓展】
★have/show potential for sth/ to do sth 有…的潜力/有做某事的潜能
achieve/fulfil/reach/realize one’s (full) potential 发挥/实现某人的(全部) 潜能
the potential for (doing) sth. ......的可能性
commercial potential 商业潜力
★a potential customer/buyer 潜在客户/买家
a potential disaster 可能发生的灾难
potential benefits/problems 潜在利益/问题
◎This young athlete has great potential and could potentially become a champion.
◎The European marketplace offers excellent potential for increasing sales.
◎The house has a lot of potential.
【习题】
【2022一中高一上期末】All children should _________________ (encourage) to realize their full potential.
be encouraged
【2-2025长郡高一上期中】She said, “ _________________ (fall) is part of any new potential. I’ll help her to skate!”
falling
【2-2025长郡高一上期中】Living under the same roof with parents from two cultures and _________________(experience) the differences and potential tensions between them are interesting for me.
experiencing
【2-2025雅礼高一上期中】You will most certainly gain valuable advice on how to achieve your mental potential _________________(full).
fully
senior
adj. 中学的;级别高的;高级水平的;老年的
n. 级别(或地位)较高者；较年长者；高水平运动员
【拓展】
★be senior to sb. 　 　 级别高于某人;年长于某人
be senior to sb. by. . . 年长某人……岁
★a senior officer/ manager 高级长官/经理
a senior discount 老年优惠
a senior trip 毕业旅行
the senior prom 毕业年级舞会
tennis coaching for juniors and seniors 初、高级网球运动员训练
senior citizens 老年人；长者（60岁或已退休的人）
★a graduating senior 毕业年级学生
★junior adj. 地位较低的;青少年的
n. 职位较低者,年轻选手
be junior to sb. 级别低于某人
◎Senior High School will help you learn and grow, yet you alone are responsible for realizing your great potential.
◎Generally speaking, senior high school life is different from that of junior high.
◎Students in their final year at junior high and senior high schools in Beijing are scheduled to return to school on May 11 and April 27 in 2020.
◎I am a Senior 3 student, and all my classmates are always talking about the future.
【习题】
【2023附中高一上】I can’t wait to describe to you ______________ senior high school life is like.
what
【2023长郡高一上】With the support of the Party and the government，she helped establish the country’s first senior high school ______________ (offer) free education for girls from poor families.
to offer
【2024明德高一上】The meeting should be chaired by the _______________ (senior) person present.
most senior
【2025明达高一上】She felt unappreciated both by her colleagues and her ___________ (senior).
seniors
path
n.小路；小径；道路；（事物或人移动的）路线，轨迹；
◎The path was dappled with sunlight.小径上阳光斑斑驳驳。
◎The coastal path is a popular route for walkers.这条海滨小路是散步者很喜欢走的路径。
◎At the end of the day, you need to carve out a path for yourself that will lead to the most satisfaction. 最终，你需要为自己开辟一条能带来最大满足感的道路。
【拓展】
★a path to success 通往成功的道路
a path through the wood穿过树林的小路
【辨析】
path : 多指由人或动物在田间、小丘或树丛中经常走动而踩出的小路，也指公园或花园等供人走的小径。
road : 指连接两地间供行人或车辆使用的广阔平坦的大道，多指公路，也可用于引申意义。
way : 普通用词，含义广泛，可指各种路、道或通道，也可指抽象的道路。
street : 尤指城市中的道路，往往一侧或两侧有高大建筑物；还可指城市小镇、近郊可供人、车、马行走的平坦道路。
highway : 通常指市区外可以通行各种机动车辆的交通干线。
avenue : 在美国，指城市中一侧或两侧建筑物林立的大道或马路；而在英国则常指通住乡村大住宅、私人大庄园或两旁栽树的道路。
motorway : 高速公路，新词，特指为车辆快速通行而修的专线，美语为freeway或expressway。
route : 指从此处通往彼处的路线、路程等。
lane : 指农村或城镇的小道或小径，也指小巷。
pavement : 在英国，多指街道两旁的人行道，而美国人常用sidewalk表示人行道。
trail : 指人或兽在森林、荒野或山中踩出的小径或崎岖小道。
【习题】
【2025湖南名校名师高三下猜题卷（A）】But his passionate pursuit of this craft was _______ led him down a unique path as a full-time Chinese calligraphy artist.
what
【2025湖南四大名校名师团队猜题卷(B) 】Performances began to be sponsored by the state, and yangqin performers were given a path to higher levels of social _____________ (mobile).
mobility
challenge
n.【C】挑战；艰巨任务
n. 挑战书；邀请，提议
n. 质询；质疑；提出异议
v. 对…怀疑（或质疑）；拒绝接受
v. 向（某人）挑战；
v. （尤指在对方不情愿时）强烈建议（某人做某事）
【变形】challenging adj. 有挑战性的
-ing n. 状态，行业 feeling 感情 ageing 老化 building 建筑 filling 填料，填充物 advertising 广告业 fishing 渔业 accounting 会计学
a. 令人……的 正在……的 outgoing 外向的 exciting 令人兴奋的 fascinating 引人入胜的 (fascinate 迷人) changing 正在变化的 assuming 自以为是的 (assume 认为，假设) discriminating 有辨别能力的 (discriminate 辨认，区分)
【拓展】
★challenge sb. to sth. 　　　 向某人挑战某事
challenge sb to do sth 激励/激发某人做某事
challenge oneself 挑战自我
★meet the challenge of … 迎接…的挑战
face the challenge 面对挑战
take on /rise to challenges 迎接挑战
accept/take up a challenge 接受挑战
an exciting/interesting challenge 一个令人兴奋的/有趣的挑战
★It’s challenging to do sth 做某事具有挑战性
◎I realized this was not a friendly game, but a challenge.
◎Others take a more proactive (积极主动的) approach, viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone.
◎However, for those who feel with a positive mind, opportunity lies in each challenge.
◎Although there was not as much homework as I was used to, it was still challenging.
【习题】
【2024长郡高一上期中】Adolescence, in general, is ________ (challenge) for both parents and their children.
challenging
【2023长郡高一上月考1】I enjoyed most of the classes, but some of them were quite _________ (challenge).
challenging
【2022长郡高一上入学考】Studies found that it prevents students from dealing with _________ (challenge) on their own.
challenges
【2022一中高一上期末】It is true that Wikipedia faces_________ (challenge) . It carries no ads and its funds come from donations.
challenges
effort
n.【C, U】努力，力气，精力，费力的事
n.【C】艰难的尝试，尽力，试图
【变形】effortless adj. 不费力的;容易的
【变形】effortlessly adv.轻松地，毫不费力地
-less a. 没有……的 不……的 无……的 (-ful的反义后缀) hopeless 绝望的 (hope 希望) careless 粗心的 (care 关心) harmless 无害的 (harm 伤害) fearless 英勇无畏的 (fear 害怕) homeless 无家可归的 (home 家) endless 无尽的 (end 终点)
【拓展】
★make efforts (an effort/every effort)　 做出努力
make every effort to do sth 尽一切努力做某事
make joint efforts to do sth 共同努力做某事
put (one’s) effort into doing　　　 花大力气做某事
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力,尽力
with (an) effort= with difficulty 努力地，困难地，费力地
★a determined/real/special effort 坚决的╱真正的╱特别的努力
in an effort to save money 为节省资金
the Russian space effort 俄罗斯航天计划
the United Nations' peacekeeping effort 联合国的维和行动
◎I believe one can find his way out of difficulty with determination (决心) and efforts.
◎You should put more effort into your work.
◎So spare no effort to study and make your dream come true.
◎It's a long climb to the top, but well worth the effort.
◎With (an) effort (= with difficulty) she managed to stop herself laughing.
◎The project was a joint/group effort.
◎I'm afraid this essay is a poor effort.很抱歉，这篇文章写得不好。
【习题】
【2022明德高一上】Since then, skating has been __________ (effort) to me. I’ve learned that we can skate smoothly as long as we keep track of the wind.
effortless
【2022师大附中高一上】Sound effects make a difference to a film’s success than the__________ (effort) on acting, music and amazing sets.
efforts
【2024雅礼高一上】I took a picture every time I went because I wanted to remind myself to try to make ________ effort.
an
【2023师附高一上】A lot of efforts ______________(go) into making this event a success.
have gone
advance
n.【C】进步，进展【U】前进，行进
vt. &vi.发展,进步
adj. 预先的；事先的 / ~ team先遣队
【变形】advanced adj. 先进的，高级的
【变形】advancement n.先进
【拓展】
★in advance　　　　　 提前,预先
in advance of sth. 在……之前
make advances in… 在某方面取得进步/进展
★advance towards sb/sth 向某人/某物前进
advance one’s career 提高学历
advance the cause of democracy 推动民主事业
★advance warning/ notice/booking 事先通知/预订
◎We’re already gathering new data, with more advanced equipment.
◎The project, which began about 30 years ago, can be looked to as an example of efforts to advance green development.
◎The driving plan was quietly advanced after I almost crashed his car into a stone wall.
◎China’s advanced technology contributes to CRH’s high speed, comfort and safety.
◎Share prices showed significant advances. 股票价格大幅上涨。
◎This button advances the tape to the beginning of the next track.
◎Oil shares advanced amid economic recovery hopes.
【习题】
【2023长郡高一上】I found Maths quite easy and enjoyable because the material was ____________ (advanced) in the UK than in China.
less advanced
【2023师附高一上】 As motion control technologies ____________ (advance) since then, robots have become more accurate.
have advanced
【2024师附高一下】She asked for __________advance on her salary.
an
amazing
adj. 令人大为惊奇的,令人惊喜的
【拓展】
★in amazement惊奇地
to one’s amazement, ...令某人惊奇的是
★be amazed at/by sb./sth....对...感到惊讶
be amazed that...对...感到惊讶
be amazed (how/that...)
be amazed to see/find/learn...
★an amazing achievement/discovery/success
【变形】
amazed adj.震惊的
amazing adj.令人震惊的
amazement n.震惊；惊讶
◎It’s amazing that one dollar can change the culture of a school.
◎Travelling with friends can be an amazing experience where you could make lifelong memories or it could ruin your friendship.
◎The amazing magic trick amazed the audience, leaving them amazed and full of amazement.
【习题】
【2023长郡高一上】More ____________ (amazing), my robotic hand is capable of feeling varying degrees of pressure.
amazingly
【2024名校高一上联考2】Meanwhile, as darkness started to fall, their parents back at the campsite became very ____________ (amaze) that the boys had not returned.
amazed
【2024长郡高一上】It's ____________ (amaze) to have the Olympics in my homeland.
amazing
【2023附中高一下】What____________ (amaze) the child was not a new world, but the unnoticed music of the old.
amazed
【2023师附高二上】One by one, the teenagers entered the cave and were ___________ (amaze) to see how wide it was from the inside.
amazed
【2024雅礼高一下】It was ___________ (amaze) that something small and seemingly meaningless could make an impact on my physical and mental well-being.
amazing
confidence
n. 信心,信任;把握
【变形】confident adj. 自信的
【变形】confidently adv. 自信地
【变形】confidential adj.机密的
-ial a. 有……的 special 特别的，特殊的 (spec 看，区分) official 官方的，正式的 (offic 职责，职务) material 材料的，物质的 (mater 物质) financial 财政的，金融的 (finance 金融) industrial 工业的 (industry 工业) judicial 司法的，法庭的 (judic司法) commercial 商业的 (commerce 商业) confidential 保密的，机密的 (confident 相信)
【拓展】
★have confidence in　　　 对……有信心
build one’s confidence 树立信心
boost one’s confidence 增强自信心
full of confidence 充满信心
with confidence 自信地,充满信心地
self-confidence 自信
★be confident of/about 确信，对…有把握
be confident that… 确信
◎Confidence and feeling accepted are necessary to a teen's social and emotional development.
◎Never concerned that the answer may let us down, with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find strangeness.
◎My confidence changed from that sliding-door moment.
【习题】
【2024麓山高一上适应性1】Being___________(confidence) in your appearance makes you more confident in other areas.
confident
【2022麓山国际高一下入学考】And I tried everything, like reading books about ___________(confident).
confidence
【2023附中高一下月考1】Then he talked to her patiently and (sincere), hoping to help her build the ___________(confident).
sincerely confidence
【2024实验高一下期末】It all gave me extra ___________(confident). Doors might not have opened so quickly.
confidence
equal
adj.(大小,数量,价值)相等的，平等的，(力气,勇气，能力)相当的，能胜任的
n.相等物，同等的人
v.等于，比得上；导致，结果为
【变形】equally adv. 同样地;相等地
【变形】equality n. 同等,平等
【变形】inequality n. 不同等,不平等
-ety/-ity/-ty n. 状态，性质， 抽象名词 society 社会 (soci 同伴，联合) variety 多样性，种类 (vari 变化) anxiety 焦虑 (anx 挤压，不安) severity 严重性，严厉程度 (sever 严厉的) minority 少数 (minor 较小的) majority 多数 (major 较大的) equality 平等 (equal相等的) poverty 贫穷 (pover 贫乏) safety 安全 (safe 安全的) cruelty 残忍，残酷行为 (cruel 残忍的) loyalty 忠诚 (loyal 忠诚的)
in- / im- / il- /ir- [footnoteRef:0] [0: 同化规则基本与con-相同，此处受限于篇幅不再赘述] 不，无，非，否定 (= not) incorrect 不正确的 (correct 正确的) incomplete 不完整的 (complete 完整的) inexpensive 不贵的 (expensive 昂贵的) independent 独立的 (dependent 依赖的) inactive 不活跃的 (active 活跃的) intransitive 不及物的 (transitive 及物的) impartial 不偏袒的 (partial 有偏见的) impassive 无动于衷的 (pass 感情) impeccable 无可挑剔的，无瑕疵的 (pec = pick挑) immortal 不朽的 (mortal 死亡的) impatient 不耐烦的 (patient 耐心的) impossible 不可能的 (possible 可能的) impolite 不礼貌的 (polite 有礼貌的) imperfect 不完美的 (perfect 完美的) immoral 不道德的 (moral 符合道德的) illegal 非法的 (legal 合法的) illogical 不合逻辑的 (logical 合乎逻辑的) illiterate 文盲的 (literate 文盲的) illegible 难以辨认的 (legible 清晰可读的) irregular 不规则的 (regular 规则的) irresponsible 不负责任的 (responsible 负责的) irrelevant 不相关的 (relevant 有关联的) irreplaceable 无可替代的 (replace 替换) irrefutable 无可辩驳的 (refutable 可反驳的) irrevocable 不可取消的 (revocable 可撤销的)
在内部，向内，进入 (是ex-的反义词缀) impel驱动，敦促做……事情 (pel = push 推) impulse 冲动 (pulse 跳动，脉搏) implicit 含蓄的 (plic 重叠) incentive 激励 (cent 唱歌) impersonate 扮演，模仿 (person 人) illuminate 照亮，使……明白 (lumin光 [footnoteRef:1]) [1: 物理中光通量的单位“流明”就是直接音译于这个词根] irruption 闯入，冲入 (rupt 断) irradiate 使……明亮，生辉 (radi 发光)
【拓展】
★be equal to sb/sth 与某人/某物相同; 胜任
be equal in sth 在某方面相等
an equal opportunity平等的机会
equal rights/pay 平等的权利；同酬
the desire for a more equal society 对更平等的社会的向往
★be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比
be the equal of sb/sth 比得上某人/某事
be treated as equals被平等对待
★equal pay for equal work同工同酬
◎Can our industry compete on equal terms with its overseas rivals
◎Don't you believe in equality between men and women
◎She treats the people who work for her as her equals. 她以平等的身份对待为她工作的人。
◎A metre equals 39.38 inches.1米等于39.38英寸。
◎With his last jump he equaled the world record.他的最后一跳平了世界纪录。
◎Cooperation equals success.合作意味着成功。
【习题】
【2024二附中高一上期中】I know you value your friendship and want your friend to value it _________ (equal).
equally
【2023一中高一上月考1】Facebook’s system was trained on a data set of 7.5 billion sentence pairs collected from the web across 100 languages, though not all the languages had_________equal number of sentence pairs.
an
【2022雨花区高一上期末】Others’ treating him_________ (equal) at work.
equally
【2023雅礼高一上月考1】Of equal _________ (important) are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude.
importance
balance
vt. 同等重视;(使)保持平衡;权衡重要性
n. 均衡,平衡;平衡能力
【变形】balanced adj. 均衡的,平衡的
【变形】imbalance n. 不平衡
【拓展】
★balance A with/and B　　 使A和B保持平衡
balance oneself 让自己保持平衡
balance one's diet 均衡饮食
★keep/lose a/one’s balance 保持/失去平衡
a sense of balance 平衡感
out of balance 失去平衡，失衡
on balance 总的来说
◎At present, flexible lifestyles, changing patterns of work-life balance have led to the appearance of a new kind of family dinner.
◎It is also believed to own the ability to balance the flow of Qi, a vital energy force within the body.
◎The specific types of incense choice based on the individual’s condition, aiming to restore balance and promote well-being,
【习题】
【2023雅礼高一上月考1】I not only gain a ________(balance) life through sports, but also get more chances to move closer to nature.
balanced
【2024二附中高一上期中】I need to balance my study ________ life in order to make it colorful and meaningful.
with/and
【2023附中高一下月考1】The boy has a lot of disadvantages, but _________balance I think he is still a good boy.
on
individual
adj.单独的；个人的【只用于n前】
adj.独特的；与众不同的=distinctive
n.个人，个体；与众不同的人，有个性的人；某种类型的人
【变形】individuality n.个性，个人特征；个体，单个实体；个人的嗜好
【变形】individualism n.个人主义
【变形】individualistic adj.个人主义的；利己主义的
【变形】individualist n.利己主义者，个人主义者
【变形】individually adv.独特地；单独地；分别地
【变形】individuate（较正式）个体化，感觉独立；使有区别
-ic/-ics/ -ical/-tic a. ……的 与……有关的 具有……性质的 (仅-ic/-ical/-tic) cosmic 宇宙的 (cosm 宇宙) historic 有历史影响的 (history 历史) ascetic 苦行的，克己的 (ascet 练习) historical 历史上的，有关历史的 (history 历史) botanical 植物学的 (botany 植物学) skeptical 怀疑的 (skept 怀疑) symmetrical 对称的 (sym=same, metri 测量) chaotic 混乱的 (chaos 混乱，混沌) antibiotic 抗生素的 (anti反抗，bio生命) romantic 浪漫的 (roman 浪漫) dramatic 戏剧性的 (drama 戏剧) apathetic 冷漠的 (a没有，否定 + path情感)
n. 人或学科 (仅-ic/-ics/-tic) logic 逻辑学 (log 词语，说话，思想) critic 批评家 (crit 评论，批评) mimic 模仿者 (mim 模仿) physics 物理学 (phys 自然，本性) politics 政治学 (polit 城市，公民) economics 经济学 (economy 经济) statistics 统计学 (stat 状态，数据) optics 光学 (opt 看) lunatic 疯子 (luna 月，古时认为月亮盈亏引发精神病) psychotic 精神病人 (psycho 精神病) ascetic苦行僧，修行者 (ascet 练习)
-ist n. 专家， 从事某活动的人 scientist 科学家 pianist 钢琴家 artist 艺术家 chemist 化学家，药剂师 (chemistry 化学) dentist 牙医 (dent 牙齿)
n. 信仰者，追随者 有……倾向的人 (-ism的派生) communist 共产主义者 nationalist 民族主义者 racist 种族主义者，种族歧视者 optimist 乐观主义者
◎Some individual investors exulted at the record.一些个人投资者为这一记录欢欣鼓舞。
◎The author stresses the uniqueness of the individual.这位作者强调个人的独特性。
【习题】
【2025一中高二上期中】In the future, advertising will be even more about understanding individual customers and sending _____ (they) advertisements that are tailored to specific needs.
them
【2025周南高二上期末】 The name refers______how the eight individual movements provide a soft quality for the movement of the body.
to
【2025长郡高二上期中】In that moment, he understood that while individual _____________ (achievement) are noteworthy, the true essence of victory lies in “playing as a team”.
achievements
【2025一中高三下月考8】Simply put, passive-aggressive behaviour refers to behaviour that is indirect and typically results from negative feelings that the individual _____________(have) difficulty directly — or openly — expressing.
has
responsible
adj. 有责任,负责;可靠的
【变形】responsibility n. 责任，职责
【变形】irresponsible adj. 不负责任的
in- / im- / il- /ir- [footnoteRef:2] [2: 同化规则基本与con-相同，此处受限于篇幅不再赘述] 不，无，非，否定 (= not) incorrect 不正确的 (correct 正确的) incomplete 不完整的 (complete 完整的) inexpensive 不贵的 (expensive 昂贵的) independent 独立的 (dependent 依赖的) inactive 不活跃的 (active 活跃的) intransitive 不及物的 (transitive 及物的) impartial 不偏袒的 (partial 有偏见的) impassive 无动于衷的 (pass 感情) impeccable 无可挑剔的，无瑕疵的 (pec = pick挑) immortal 不朽的 (mortal 死亡的) impatient 不耐烦的 (patient 耐心的) impossible 不可能的 (possible 可能的) impolite 不礼貌的 (polite 有礼貌的) imperfect 不完美的 (perfect 完美的) immoral 不道德的 (moral 符合道德的) illegal 非法的 (legal 合法的) illogical 不合逻辑的 (logical 合乎逻辑的) illiterate 文盲的 (literate 文盲的) illegible 难以辨认的 (legible 清晰可读的) irregular 不规则的 (regular 规则的) irresponsible 不负责任的 (responsible 负责的) irrelevant 不相关的 (relevant 有关联的) irreplaceable 无可替代的 (replace 替换) irrefutable 无可辩驳的 (refutable 可反驳的) irrevocable 不可取消的 (revocable 可撤销的)
在内部，向内，进入 (是ex-的反义词缀) impel驱动，敦促做……事情 (pel = push 推) impulse 冲动 (pulse 跳动，脉搏) implicit 含蓄的 (plic 重叠) incentive 激励 (cent 唱歌) impersonate 扮演，模仿 (person 人) illuminate 照亮，使……明白 (lumin光 [footnoteRef:3]) [3: 物理中光通量的单位“流明”就是直接音译于这个词根] irruption 闯入，冲入 (rupt 断) irradiate 使……明亮，生辉 (radi 发光)
【拓展】
★be responsible for sth. 　　 对某事负责
be responsible to sb. 向某人负责
a responsible job/position 责任重大的工作╱岗位
★take (the) responsibility of 承担……的责任
have responsibility for (doing) sth 对做某事负责
a sense of responsibility 责任感
◎You alone are responsible for realizing your great potential.
◎As a responsible girl, I hope to take up a job which is good to society.
◎I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many.
◎Mike is responsible for designing the entire project. 迈克负责设计全部工程。
◎Cigarette smoking is responsible for about 90% of deaths from lung cancer.因患肺癌而死亡者，约90%是吸烟所致。
◎The Council of Ministers is responsible to the Assembly. 内阁须向议会负责。
【习题】
【2023雅礼高一上月考1】Some governments are reluctant to shoulder their own ____________(responsible).
responsibility
【2023雅礼高一上月考1】I realized that I should be responsible____ not only myself, but also for the society.
for
【2023一中高一上月考1】Senior High School will help you learn and grow, yet you alone are responsible _________ realizing your great potential.
for
【2022一中高一下期中】Being responsible and independent __________________ (not mean) being alone.
doesn’t mean
forward
adv. 向前；进展；向将来；提前
adj. 向前的，前进的；未来的
vt. 发送，寄；转寄
n. 前锋
【拓展】
★look forward　　　 向前看;展望
look forward to 盼望;期望
step forward 走上前
put forward 提出
★from this day forward从此以后
◎Now solutions have been put forward to give this e-waste a new life
◎Try to move forward to a place of pure silence.
【习题】
【2023长郡高一上月考1】Huda Mohammed, a doctoral student is looking forward to ________ (spend) her third Spring Festival in China.
spending
【1-2025一中高一上月考1】____________ (base) on the results, so far the proposal has been put forward by ____________ (professional) that children should be inspired to get close to and explore nature.
Based professionals
make a difference
起作用,有影响
【拓展】
★make a difference to　　　 对……起作用,有影响
make some/no difference to 对……有些/无作用;
对……有些/无影响
◎I hope my suggestions can make a difference. I’ll continue to offer help if you need.
◎I believe such measures will make a difference to your life and study.
◎Looking at the back of the boy, David hoped his action could make some difference to the boy.
【习题】
【长郡2023级入学考】Not only is your job to help make a difference, but it’s also ___________ (ride) the wave with them.
to ride
【附中2023级入学考】 Letting students feel their ability ___________ (make) a difference.
making
【2025届长沙新高考适应性考试】Abstract modelling makes________ big difference.
a
make the most of
充分利用;尽情享受
【拓展】
★make the best of　　　 充分利用;尽量好好去做
make use of 利用
make full/good use of 充分/好好利用
◎To fully realize your potential, it is important for you to make the most of our school resources.
◎We should make the best of the free time to study something we really like.
◎I learn to seize every opportunity to learn and make use of all kinds of learning resources.
【习题】
【1-2024一中高一下月考1】The "best years of your life" Maybe not, but you can learn to make________most of your high school days.
the
【2023雅礼高一上月考1】If you’re considering where to go at Easter or other holidays and searching for some family holiday ideas, why not_______ (make) the most of your time off by planning a trip to one of Britain’s best beaches
make
【2023雅礼高一上月考1】To fully realize your potential, it is important for you_______ (make) the most of our school resources.
to make
Sentences
Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude.
同样重要的是好的学习习惯、有用的技能和积极的态度。
【拓展】
(1)本句是一个倒装句。其正常语序为:Good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude are of equal importance. 这种倒装结构主要是为了平衡句子结构。
◎Present at the meeting are some experts from all over the country.
◎In the classroom are forty Chinese students, twenty American students and two teachers.
(2)句中of equal importance是of+抽象名词结构,等同于一个形容词。
◎I hope my suggestions are of great help to you and look forward to your reply!
◎Having enough sleep is of great importance.
【习题】
Of equal importance_______(be) good study habits, useful skills and _______positive attitude.
are a
句式仿写。
______________________________________________
同样重要的是你实现梦想的方式。
Of equal importance is the way you realize your dream.
Over the next three years, you will discover your potential while you develop as a student and as a person.
在接下来的三年里,你将在作为一名学生和作为一个人不断发展的同时发现你的潜力。
【拓展】
本句是一个复合句。句中while引导时间状语从句。
◎We will watch Spring Festival Gala on TV while we are eating delicious food.
◎I have been amazed by the excellent Chinese you spoke when we first met.
◎While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.
【when与while引导从句之异同】
(1)when相当于at/during the time that, 既指时间点,也可指一段时间,可以与终止性动词或延续性动词连用; while相当于during the time that,指一段时间,因此只能与延续性动词连用。
(2)when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时,也可以是先后发生;while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。
(3)while除了表示“当……时”,还有“而,然而”“尽管”之意。
【习题】
写出下列句中while的意思。
The eagle kite is made of plastic while the butterfly kite is made of cloth.
对比
While social media have some advantages, they might have a bad impact on teenagers.
虽然，尽管
Thank you for your help while I was travelling in Sydney last summer vacation.
当...时候
必修一U1【Grammar语法】
●Grammar & Integrated skills
Words
focus
n. 焦点，重点 vt.& vi. 集中
【变形】focused adj. 目标清晰的；目标明确的，重点突出的
【拓展】
★focus on sb. /sth. 　 聚焦；把注意力集中于……
focus your attention on sb. /sth. 把注意力集中于……
★the focus of ……的焦点
◎Nowadays, teenagers’ mental health has become the focus of attention.如今，青少年的心理健康已成为人们关注的焦点。
◎It took a few moments for her eyes to focus in the dark. 过了好一会她的眼睛才适应黑暗。
◎The children's faces are badly out of focus in the photograph. 照片上孩子们的脸模糊不清。
◎His comments provided a focus for debate. 他的评论提供了辩论的重点。
【习题】
【2024长郡高一上入学】It will help you become more patient and__________ (focus).
focused
【2024长郡高一上期末】The news about the disease is always the focus __________ us.
of
【2022师大附中高一上月考3】Taking his or her personalities, characters and personal traits into deep consideration helps to see the whole picture rather than merely focus_______one’s physical appearance.
on
【2023雅礼高一上月考1】_____________ (focus) on each class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.
Focusing
【2023长郡高一上月考1】Sure, you helped them out where you could but ultimately you had your own work_____________ (focus) on.
to focus
【2024长郡高一上期中】When everyone else in the class _____________ (focus) on tasks, I could not.
focuses
detail
n. 细节；具体情况
【变形】detailed adj. 详细的;细致的
【拓展】
★in detail　　　　　　　 详细地
go into details/the detail 详细叙述;逐一说明
◎Tell me the main points now; leave the details till later. 把要点告诉我，细节留到以后再说。
◎This is a detail from the 1844 Turner painting.这是透纳1844年水彩画的一小部分。
◎The report provides every detail with detailed analysis of the situation.该报告提供了每个细节，并对情况进行了详细的分析。
【习题】
【2023雅礼高一上月考1】You should set down some important ______(detail) while listening to the tape.
details
【2022雅礼高一上月考1】I can make a _______ (detail) introduction of our splendid culture.
detailed
【2024长郡高一上期末】Durrell’s attention to detail_______ (be) what makes the book so winning, with every sight, sound and smell of the island brought to life.
is
tip
n.末端
n.小费
n.建议；指点
vi.（使）倾斜；vt.倾倒；倒出
vt.给小费
【变形】tip-tipped-tipped-tipping
◎Cape Town is at the southern tip of the African continent.开普敦位于非洲大陆的最南端。
◎We tipped plates of fresh meat, fish and vegetables into the pot.我们把一盘盘鲜肉、鱼和蔬菜倒进锅里。
◎He gave the waiter a generous tip.他给了服务员很多小费。
◎The house is in tip-top condition.这座房子的状况没得挑。
【习题】
【2025一中高二上期末】On the way, a young woman talked to me and gave me_____________ tip for a visit to a hidden local restaurant with delicious and affordable food.
a
【2025周南高二上期末】Your dentist can give you ____________(tip) on cleaning your teeth more effectively and treat more serious disease.
tips
base
vt. 以……为基础(依据)
n. 根据；基础；基底；总部，大本营
【变形】basis n．原因，缘由；基准，准则；方式；基础
【变形】basic adj.基本的；基础的
【变形】basically adv.大体上；基本上
【变形】based adj.办公地点在...的；以...为总部的 【构成复合词】...为基础的
【拓展】
★base...on/upon... 把……建立在……的基础上
be based on/upon 以……为根据(基础)
★as a base for 作为……基础/基地
on the basis of 在……的基础上
on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期
★computer-based teaching 计算机教学
◎When it comes to the option of courses, I think we should base our choice on our interest.说到课程的选择，我认为我们应该根据我们的兴趣来做出选择。
◎A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust.很多生意仍然是通过电话完成的，其中很多都基于信任。
◎A lot of business is still done over the phone,and much of it is based on trust. 很多生意仍然是通过电话完成,其中很多都是基于信任。
◎There are some good things about choosing the Great Wall as a base for the study tour. 选择长城作为研学旅游基地有很多好处。
【习题】
【2022一中高一上期末】We should base our conclusions on______________ (base) facts and solid evidence.
basic
【2023南雅高二上月考1】______________ (base) on traditional production processes and fillings, including different nuts and dried fruits, mature vinegar is added, which greatly improves its flavor.
Based
【2024雅礼高一下期末】In recent years，various regions have introduced innovative moon cakes flavors ______________ (base) on their local characteristics.
based
remind
vt. 提醒,使想起
【变形】reminder n. 引起回忆的事物；提醒人的事物
【拓展】
★remind...about/of... 　　 使……想起……;提醒……
remind sb. that. . . 提醒某人……
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
◎This will remind you of what you are working for and let you focus on it.这将提醒你，你是在为什么工作，并使你专注于它。
◎The chemistry teacher reminded the students that they should not touch the facilities in the lab.化学老师提醒学生们不要触摸实验室里的设备。
◎However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. 然而,爸爸提醒她含糖的点心对牙齿有害。
◎The robot is only able to perform basic functions like reminding the driver to turn off the headlights. 这个机器人只能发挥一些基本功能，比如，提醒驾驶员关掉大灯。
【习题】
【2024名校联考高一上联考2】They will teach many traffic regulations to remind us _________(pay) attention to traffic safety.
to pay
【2024名校联考高一上联考2】The new function can remind you ____________ appointments and important dates.
of
【2023一中高一上月考1】I chose it as a gift to as a ______________ (remind)of my unforgettable time here with you.
reminder
【2022雅礼高一上月考1】What had happened that day reminded me____________ a famous saying “A friend in need is a friend indeed. ”
of
【2023长郡高一上月考1】Similarly, a small piece of public praise for a high-performing employee can remind the rest of the team____________ you do notice when they work hard and perform well.
that
【2023一中高一上月考3】A great way to remind you____________(laugh) more is to have daily jokes on your phone or email.
to laugh
【2023长郡高一上月考1]If you need a little boost, place posters around your mirror that remind you of the___________ (charm) parts of your body.
charming
proposal
n. 提议,建议,动议
【变形】propose vt. 提议，建议
【拓展】
★make a proposal that. . . 　　 提出建议……
submit/consider/accept/reject a proposal 提交╱审议╱接受╱拒绝一项建议
★propose that. . . 提议，建议
propose doing/to do sth. 打算做某事
◎The proposal that was aimed at balancing school work and other useful skills was accepted by our school.我们学校接受了这个旨在平衡学业和其他有用技能的建议。
◎The teacher may require a second proposal if the first is off-topic or unclear. 老师会要求第二个提议,如果第一个跑题或不清楚。
◎We make a proposal that each student in our school (should)donate at least 2 books. 我们提议学校里的每一个学生至少捐赠两本书。
◎Dad proposed that we should walk along the river which may lead us to the farm house. 爸爸建议我们应该沿着通往农场小屋的河走。
【习题】
【2024名校联考高一上联考2】It couldn’t be better if you could offer me some _________(propose).
proposals
【2023长郡高一上月考1】The committee will review the proposal you ___________(propose) last week.
proposed
【2024一中高一下月考1】China’s Tree-Planting Day could date back to a _______________
(propose) made by Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925), a great Chinese revolution leader, to Beiyang Government (1915-1927) in 1915.
proposal
aim
n. 目的,目标
vi. & vt. 力争做到;目的是;针对
【变形】aimless adj. 没有方向的;无目标的
【变形】aimlessly adv.无目的地
【拓展】
★aim at　　　　　 瞄准;针对
aim sth at sb/sth 用某物朝向/瞄准某人/某物
aim to do/at doing... 旨在做……；力求达到……
be aimed at 目的是；旨在
★with the aim of 怀着……的目标
◎He aims to finish his journey by mid-July. 他的目标是到七月中旬结束他的行程。
◎Students went to the farm with the aim of experiencing the hardships of the farmers.学生们去农场是为了体验农民们的艰辛。
◎The project aims to improve the students’ ability of listening and speaking.该项目旨在提高学生的听说能力。
◎Many students spend most of their time playing computer games or chatting aimlessly with others. 很多学生花费大量的时间打游戏,或漫无目的地与他人聊天。
◎Jane moved aimlessly down the street, not knowing where she was heading.简漫无目的地走在街上，不知道自己要去往哪里。
【习题】
【2024一中高一下期中】Urquhart launched the Run Antarctica _________(aim) to encourage more women to do sports.
aiming
【2024实验高一下期末】I found myself doing schoolwork only with the aim________ getting good grades for university admissions.
of
【2024实验高一下期末】The specific types of incense are chosen based on the individual’s condition, _________(aim) to restore balance and promote well-being,
aiming
【2024一中高一下期中】The group, which depends on community volunteers, _________(aim) to plant 500,000 trees by 2025.
aiming
profession
n.（尤指需要长期训练和正规资格的）职业；（某）职业界同行，同业；（统称，指需要较高教育水平的）职业
【变形】professional adj.职业的；专业的 n.职业选手；专业人士
【变形】professionalism n.职业化；专业水准；专业素质
【变形】professionally adv.职业上；职业性地；由专业人员所做
-ism n. 主义，宗教 capitalism 资本主义 (capital 资本) socialism 社会主义 (social 社会的) communism 共产主义 (commun 共同的) feminism 女权主义 (femin 女性) sexism 性别歧视 (sex 性别) optimism 乐观主义 (optim 最好的) pessimism 悲观主义 (passim 最坏的) idealism 理想主义 (idea 理想，理念，观念)
n. 学术流派 Impressionism 印象派 (impression 印象) Platonism 柏拉图主义 (Plato 柏拉图) Modernism 现代主义 (modern 现代的) Behaviorism 行为主义 (behavior 行为)
n. 行为，现象， 状态，性质 plagiarism 剽窃 (plagiary 斜的) tourism 旅游业 (tour 旅游) humanism 人性 (human 人)
◎They're both doctors by profession.他们两人的职业都是医生。
◎She was at the very top of her profession.她是她那个行业中的佼佼者。
◎Her abilities carried her to the top of her profession.她的才能使她在本行业中出类拔萃
【2025附中高二上期中】The art competitions were called off because so many competitors were __________________(profession) artists, and the Olympics were supposed to make the amateurs (people who didn’t get paid for their athletic or artistic talent) shine.
professional
【2025附中高三下模1】Running through Thursday, the fair _________________(expect) to draw more than 30,000 publishing__________________(professional) and over 1,000 exhibitors from around the world.
is expected professionals
as a result of由于
【拓展】
★as a result　　　 结果
★result in 导致,引起
result from 产生于……, 由……引起
◎John can’t take part in the match tomorrow as a result of his knee injury.由于膝盖受伤，约翰不能参加明天的比赛了。
◎The young man never cared about details. As a result, he made a big mistake.这个年轻人从不关心细节，结果他犯了一个大错误。
◎His failure in this exam resulted from his not working hard enough.他这次考试不及格是因为不够努力。
◎Not working hard enough resulted in his failure in the exam.他不够努力导致他这次考试不及格。
【习题】
【2022雨花区高一上期末】Some of the serious results_________ overeating include weight gain and heart disease.
from
【2023附中高一上月考1】Teenagers’ physical changes may result _________ such family tensions.
in
【2022雅礼高一下入学考】However, since it kept orbiting around the Earth without any _________ (result), scientists became increasingly comfortable abandoning things that no longer served any useful purpose in space.
results
【2024二附中高一上期中】Many students spend most of their time playing computer games, which may result ______ poor health.
in
【2022长郡高一上期中】I often go to the English Corner to practise my spoken English. As ______result, I’m good at English.
a
【2022长郡高一上期中】Many hair problems result _____ what you eat.
from
【2022雅礼高一下入学考】It ________________ (result) in any serious problems up to now.
has resulted
【2022雅礼高一下入学考】This overnight success also brought a lot of pressure, ________________ (result) in a three-year-long writer’s block (瓶颈期).
resulting
Sentences
10. You may find achieving goals difficult. 你会发现实现目标是困难的。
此句含有find的复合结构，即find+宾语+宾补，其具体用法如下： adj./adv. 介词短语 find+宾语+ 名词/代词 不定式 现在分词（表示主动、进行） 过去分词（表示被动、完成） find+it+形容词/名词+to do（it是形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语）
◎You will find paper cutting easy if you keep practising it.如果你坚持练习，你会发现剪纸挺容易的。
◎When he came to himself, he found himself in hospital.他醒来时，发现自己在医院里。
◎I find my partner an outgoing and confident guy.我发现我的同伴是个外向且自信的小伙子。
◎As time goes by, they find the Chinese people to be happy and cheerful.随着时间的推移，他们发现中国人很幸福快乐。
◎He found his son doing an experiment in the garden.他发现儿子正在花园里做实验。
◎When he arrived, he found all the work already finished.他到达时，发现所有的工作都已经完成了。
◎We found it difficult to persuade him to change his mind.我们发现说服他改变主意很难。
【习题】
I hope you’ll find these suggestions ____________(use).
I believe you will find a club ____________(suit) for you.
Towards nightfall, I found myself ______________(carry) out to sea by a strong wind.
A group of children were found ______________(play) on the playground.
The old man found his wallet ______________(steal) in the market.
useful suitable carried playing stolen
必修一U1【Extended reading语法】
● Extended Reading
Words
exchange
n. [C/U]交换；互换；交流；掉换
n.[C]交谈；对话；争论
n.[U]兑换；汇兑
n.[C]（不同国家人或团体之间的）交流，互访
v.交换；交流；掉换
v.兑换；交易；更换
【拓展】
★exchange sth with sb 与某人交换某物
exchange A for B　 拿A换B
exchange ideas/news/information 交流思想/互通消息/交流信息
★in exchange (for) 作为(对……的)交换
an exchange of sb. /sth. 　　 ……的互换
exchange student交换生
an exchange of glances/insults 互递眼色；相互侮辱
an exchange of fire (= between enemy soldiers) 交火
currency exchange facilities货币兑换设备
trade and cultural exchanges with China 与中国的贸易和文化交流
◎I’ve never exchanged words with those moms beyond small talks, but they wanted to help. 除了闲聊之外,我从来没有和那些妈妈们交流过,但是,她们想要帮忙。
◎The Chinese Basketball Association, now chaired by Yao Ming, announced that it has suspended any exchanges and cooperation with the Rockets. 现由姚明担任主席的中国篮协宣布暂停与火箭队的所有交流与合作。
◎There was only time for a brief exchange.只有简短的交谈时间。
◎Juliet and David exchanged glances. 朱丽叶和戴维相互看了看对方。
◎You can exchange your currency for dollars in the hotel.你可在旅馆把你的钱兑换成美元。
【习题】
【2022明德高一下期中】They receive points which can be exchanged _________ goods.
for
【2022雅礼高二下期末】I hope we can exchange experience in learning foreign languages __________ each other more often.
with
【1-2024一中高二下月考1】They asked for an exchange ___________ prisoners.
of
【2024一中高一下期中】Cultural exchange ______________(program) such as film festivals, concerts and photo exhibitions will be held.
programs
【2024一中高二上入学】When you arrive, we will give you a student orientation (迎新会) and introduce you to other exchange ______________(student) and the surrounding community.
students
【2024一中高二上入学】When school starts, you will begin the process of ______________(culture) exchange!
cultural
【2022雅礼高二下期末】During the program, workers receive 100 % of their pay for working only 80 % of their usual week, in exchange___________promising to maintain 100 % of their productivity.
for
tough
adj.坚韧的，坚固的；强硬的，严厉的；嚼不动的；
n.恶棍
v.坚持，忍受，忍耐
adv.坚强地，坚定地
【变形】toughen vt&vi（使）变强壮；（使）变困难
【变形】toughly adv.坚强地；强硬地
【变形】toughness n.[U]韧度；韧性
【拓展】
★tough out 闯过（难关）；从（困境中）挺过来
◎She is bright, tough and spunky.她聪明、顽强而且干劲十足。
◎The film's budget dictated a tough schedule.该影片的预算决定了紧张的拍摄进度。
【2025长郡高二上期中】I expect to see your tough ______________(defend), sharp passing, and, most important, smart play as a team.
defense
【2025长郡高二上期末】Hiking up was a lot ______________(tough) than hiking down, even when taking the flatter Bright Angel trail.
tougher
【2025雅礼高三下月考8】Remember, tough______________(time) don’t last, but tough people do. You’re one of them.” Tears welled up in my eyes as I realized the depth of her kindness and the belief she had in me.
times
【2024长郡高三上月考1】I had a tough time__________(drag) myself to karate for a while after that I missed Abigail so much.
dragging
alarm
n. 闹钟;恐慌;警报;警报器
vt. 使惊恐,使害怕
【变形】alarming adj. 令人惊恐的
【变形】alarmed adj. 担忧的;惊恐的
【拓展】
★set the alarm　　　 上闹铃;定闹铃
sound the alarm 发出警报
★at an alarming rate 以令人惊恐的速度
★be alarmed at/by sth. 对……担忧;对……惊恐
◎‘What have you done ’ Ellie cried in alarm .“你都干了些什么？”埃利惊恐地喊道。
◎I felt a growing sense of alarm when he did not return that night.那天夜里他没有回家，我越来越感到恐慌。
◎Unfortunately, bees have been disappearing at an alarming rate. 不幸的是,蜜蜂正以令人惊恐的速度消失。
◎They should not be too alarmed by the press reports, because everything was under control. 他们不应对新闻报道过于担心,因为一切尽在掌控之中。
◎The alarming news alarmed residents, leaving many alarmed about their safety.这则令人担忧的消息惊吓了居民，让许多人担心自己的安全。
【习题】
【2024二附中高一上期中】The average person wakes up to ________alarm and then turns on the radio or TV.
an
【2023雅礼高二下期中】The world’s forests are reducing at an _______________(alarm) rate.
alarming
【2024麓山高二下学情检测】The passengers in the ship became _______________(alarm) when the waves began to crash over the bow.
alarmed
contribution
n. 贡献;捐款;捐赠
【变形】contribute vt. 捐献；贡献；投稿
【拓展】
★make a. . . contribution to 为……做出……的贡献
make contributions/a contribution to 为……做出贡献
★contribute to sth. 有助于……;促成……; 向……投稿/捐赠
-ion[footnoteRef:4] [4: 我们学习中常见的-sion/-tion其实就是-ion的同化结果，这里直接视为一类] n. 动作或状态 (另参考-ation) concision 简明，简洁 (concise 简洁的) expansion 扩张 (expand 扩大) discussion 讨论 (discuss 讨论) conclusion 结论 (conclude 下结论，总结) protection 保护 (protect 保护) decision 决定 (decide 做决定)
n. 物品 accordion 手风琴 (accord 和谐) scorpion 蝎子 (scorp 原来的意思是一种鱼) mansion 大厦 (manse 住宅) confection 甜食 (con一起 + fect做)[footnoteRef:5] [5: confection的字面意思是放在一起做的食物，西式甜点会将很多的甜食放在一起做成一道甜食]
◎All contributions will be gratefully received. 我们对所有捐资表示感谢。
◎He made a very positive contribution to the success of the project.他对项目成功贡献良多。
◎All contributions for the May issue must be received by Friday.所有要在五月这一期发表的稿件必须在星期五以前寄到。
◎We rely entirely on voluntary contribution. 我们全靠自愿捐赠。
◎His generous contribution will contribute significantly to the charity's success.他慷慨的捐赠将大大促进慈善机构的成功。
【拓展】
★make a. . . contribution to 为……做出……的贡献
make contributions/a contribution to 为……做出贡献
★contribute to sth. 有助于……;促成……; 向……投稿/捐赠
【习题】
【2023南雅高二上月考1】It's a sad reality that many of us find ourselves just too busy
(contribute) to our communities．
to contribute
【2023雅礼高二上入学】In short, wasting food increases greenhouse gas emissions and
(contribute) to climate change.
contributes
【2024雅礼高二下月考3】Sweating (contribute) to a decrease in blood pressure to some extent. Here are four research-backed reasons why this salt-based fluid can benefit you.
contributes
【2023长郡高一下月考1】Making good friends (contribute) to your personal happiness as well. It's important to move to avoid the negative health influences.
contributes
【2023长郡高一下月考1】The tension in your hands from typing might contribute to in your shoulders．
that
【2022雅礼高一下期末】Each of us (contribute) to the jar weekly. However, we still haven’t gone to a game because my father had to work every Saturday.
contributes
【2024一中高一下期中】We should make ____________ (contribute)and efforts to carry it forward.
contributions
5.fortunately
adv. 幸运地，幸亏
【拓展】
★make a/one’s fortune 发财;发迹
try one’s fortune 碰运气
◎Fortunately, after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to leave. 幸运的是,在医院待了短暂的一会,Ben就被允许出院了。
◎Unfortunately, later all of them felt sick and had a stomachache.不幸的是,随后他们都感到恶心,并且胃疼得厉害。
◎Unless you work hard, no fortune will come. 除非你努力工作,否则运气不会降临。
◎We’ve all heard stories of some people who have made their fortune on the Internet. 我们都听说过一些人在网上发财的故事。
◎Fortunately, we were fortunate enough to avoid the storm, which was pure good fortune.
幸运的是，我们很幸运地躲过了风暴，这纯粹是好运气。
【习题】
【2023长郡高一上月考1】_______________ (fortunate), my teachers and classmates were always helpful and gave me lots of encouragement.
Fortunately
【2022雅礼高一上月考3】_______________ (fortunate), her marriage is on the rocks.
Unfortunately
【2022雅礼高一上月考3】_______________ (fortunate), in the end, they cannot make the decision for you.
Unfortunately
【2024实验高一下期末】Unfortunately, this often results_______________ confused players arguing about how the game should be played.
in
6.option
n. 可选择的事物，选择；选修课
【变形】optional adj. 可选择的,随意的
【拓展】
★have no option but to do sth. 除了做某事外别无选择
◎This particular model comes with a wide range of options. 这一种型号的货品有很多选择。
◎Attending lectures on Western culture is also a good option for you. 参加关于西方文化的讲座对你来说也是个好选择。
◎I had no option but to follow them, getting my shoes wet and dirty with mud. 我别无选择只能跟着他们,鞋湿透了,沾满了泥。
◎I’m very delighted to know that our school is going to offer several optional courses. 我很高兴得知我们学校将要提供一些选修课程。
【习题】
【2023南雅高二上月考1】_______________(variety) of this mooncake include garlic, salt and pepper，and spicy cray fish_______________ (option).
Varieties options
【2022一中高一上检测1】Good ___________ (option) include going to an amusement park, working together on a craft project or signing your kids up for sports.
options
【2022南雅高二上月考3】In your bathroom, for example, experiment with plastic-free ___________ (option) such as soap instead of shower gel (沐浴露).
options
【2023雅礼高二下期中】It had __________ option for talking to a real person.
an
【2024麓山高二下学情检测】Recent news, local events, popular books and television shows are all good fallback ___________ (option).
options
7.attract
vt. 吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起(反应)
【变形】attraction n. 吸引人的事物,景点
【变形】attractive adj. 有吸引力的,吸引人的
【拓展】
★attract…to… 把……吸引到……
attract one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力
be attracted by… 被……吸引
be attracted to…　　 喜爱，爱上
★a tourist attraction 旅游景点
-ive a. 有……性质的 会导致……的 倾向于……的 (另参见-ative) active 积极的，活跃的 (act 做) passive 被动的 (pass 承受) defective 有缺陷的 (de离开 +fect做) repulsive 令人厌恶的 (re反 + puls = push推) pensive 沉思的，愁苦的 (pens 悬挂，悬而未决)
n. 人或物 detective 侦探 (detect 察觉) captive 俘虏 (capt 抓住) native 本地人 (nat 出生) explosive 炸药 (explode 爆炸)
◎At the end of each term, students put on a calligraphy show, attracting more students to Chinese calligraphy.在每个学期结束时，学生们都会举办一场书法表演，以吸引更多的学生来学习中国书法。
◎Thousands of people are attracted to go on holiday there every year. 每年数以千计的人们被吸引到这里度假。
◎The warm damp air attracts a lot of mosquitoes. 温暖潮湿的空气招来了大量蚊子。
◎His comments were bound to attract criticism .他的说话必然会招致批评。
◎Once inside, we were attracted to an exhibition that gave a vivid account of Beijing’s history. 一进去,我们就喜欢上这个详细描述北京历史的展览。
◎The Palace Museum in Beijing ranked first among the top 100 happiest tourist attractions in 2019. 在2019年中国旅游景区欢乐指数排名前100的景点中,北京故宫博物院位居第一。
◎The new museum exhibit attracts many visitors due to its attractive displays, becoming the city's main tourist attraction.
新博物馆展览因其吸引人的展品而吸引了许多游客，成为该市的主要旅游景点。
【习题】
【2022雅礼高一上月考1】If you've always felt that you look ______________(attractive) in videos than you do in photographs, you're not alone.
more attractive
【2023一中高一上月考1】It turns out that looking______________(attract) in photos isn't easy due to what researchers are calling the “frozen face effect.”
unattractive
【2022雅礼高一上月考1】When they were then asked to rank the imagery based on ______________(attract), the videos consistently ranked higher than the corresponding stills.
attractiveness
【2024雅礼高一下期末】If everyone got surgeries to become attractive, everyone would be________ (exact) the same.
exactly
【2023长郡高一上期中】Plan accordingly and make sure everyone can see some of their top _____________(attract).
attractions
【2024一中高一下期中】The outdoor event______________(attract) over 300 audience members and featured Chinese musicians, including the music band of traditional Chinese music of the Central Conservatory of Music.
attracted
【2024一中高一下月考1】Throughout the summer holiday period, the cocoa botanical garden was abuzz with activities, ______________(attract) an average of 3,000 visitors daily.
attracting
【2024一中高一下月考1】Visitors can explore the park’s beautiful scenery, and then experience the charm of the city’s downtown area, with cultural _____________(attract) and historic landmarks.
attractions
【2022南雅高二上月考3】The North Shore is home to world-class surf contests, ______________(attract) the world’s top surfers.
attracting
【2022南雅高二上月考3】Students ______________(attract) to the course for the student-friendly learning in class.
are attracted
【2023中南博才高二上月考1】When I finish a climb, that sense of achievement and joy are the biggest ______________(attract) .
attraction
【2023中南博才高二上月考1】Worrisome thoughts are constantly occurring in their minds; what kind of impression am I making Do they like me Do I sound stupid Am I wearing ______________(attract) clothes
attractive
【1-2024一中高二下月考1】In Europe, most of the tourists were attracted ____________ these beautiful artworks.
to/by
8. over time随着时间流逝,久而久之
◎If you focus your attention on your study, you will make advances over time.如果你将注意力集中在学习上，久而久之你会有进步。
◎Zongzi was traditionally made in honor of Qu Yuan. But over time ,it has been more and more common. 粽子传统上是为了纪念屈原。但是随着时间流逝,它正变得越来越普遍。
◎We know that anything can be achieved over a cup of tea. 我们知道任何事喝着茶就能完成。
【词块积累】
over a cup of coffee/ tea 　　 一杯咖啡或茶的功夫 边喝咖啡/茶边做……
over dinner 在吃晚饭的时候
over the last/past few years 在过去的一些年里
【习题】
【2023长郡高一上月考1】My language skills ________________(improve) over time.
have improved
【2024一中高二下期末】Over time, Baiyangdian Lake ____________ (remain) steadfast (不变的) in fulfilling crucial ecological roles from storing floodwater to regulating the climate.
has remained
Sentences
9. Learning in English was a great challenge for me.
在全英语环境中学习对我来说是一个巨大的挑战。
　　本句是一个简单句。句中Learning in English为动名词作主语。动名词作主语一般表示经常性、习惯性的动作。
◎Traveling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. 沿着古老的“丝绸之路”旅行是一次有趣、有益的经历。
◎Shopping on the Internet is becoming more and more popular. 网上购物正变得越来越流行。
◎Getting along well with them is an important part of my personal development. 与他们相处融洽是我个人发展中重要的一部分。
动名词作主语两点提醒
(1)动名词常常被看作是不可数名词,作主语时,谓语用第三人称单数形式。
(2)动名词有时用it作形式主语,而把动名词后置。
◎It’s a waste of time playing video games every day. 每天玩电子游戏简直就是浪费时间。
【习题】
________(learn) to speak simple Chinese well is the first thing to do.
It is no good _______(talk) to him, because he never listens.
_______(take) more exercise can not only rest your brain but also build up your body.
Learning talking Taking
10. Although there was not as much homework as I was used to, it was still challenging.
尽管没有过去的作业那么多,但是仍然很有挑战性。
　　本句是一个复合句。句中Although引导让步状语从句。从句中“as+形容词或副词原级+as. . . ”表示同级比较，意为：和……一样……。其中第一个as为副词,第二个as为连词,常用于引导一个比较状语从句。
◎Although he grew up speaking both Spanish and English, he still did not feel his English ability was very strong. 尽管他长大过程中说西班牙语和英语,但是他仍然没感觉他的英语能力有多强。
◎I no longer see as much wildlife in the countryside as I used to. 我在乡下再也看不到以前那样多的野生动物了。
◎Search on the Internet to get as much relative employment information as possible. 在网上搜索获得尽可能多的有关招聘的信息。
★as. . . as. . . 的具体结构
as+adj. /adv. +as. . .
as+adj. +a/an+可数名词的单数+as. . .
as+much+不可数名词+as. . .
as+many+可数名词的复数+as. . .
否定形式：not as/so. . . as. . .
【习题】
(1)He doesn’t make _________________________he did before. 他不像以前那样犯如此多的错误了。
(2)We’d better spend _____________________we can with friends and family members. 我们最好与朋友和家人尽可能多地待在一起。
(3) _________________40 percent of American workers don’t even bother to take vacations. 多达40%的美国工人甚至懒得去度假。
as many mistakes as as much time as As many as必修一 Unit 1知识点
必修一U1【Reading语法】
●Reading
Words
potential
n.【U】潜力，可能性，电势，潜质 adj. 潜在的，可能的
【变形】potentially adv. 潜在地，可能地
-ly a. 表形容词，通常加在名词后 lovely 可爱的 (love 爱) friendly 友好的 (friend 朋友) otherworldly 超世俗的 (otherworld 超世) costly 昂贵的 (cost 昂贵)
ad. 表副词，通常加在形容词后 (另见-able/-ably) extremely 过分的 (extreme 极端的) probably 可能地 (probable 可能的) gloriously 光荣地 (glorious 光荣的)
【拓展】
★have/show potential for sth/ to do sth 有…的潜力/有做某事的潜能
achieve/fulfil/reach/realize one’s (full) potential 发挥/实现某人的(全部) 潜能
the potential for (doing) sth. ......的可能性
commercial potential 商业潜力
★a potential customer/buyer 潜在客户/买家
a potential disaster 可能发生的灾难
potential benefits/problems 潜在利益/问题
◎This young athlete has great potential and could potentially become a champion.
◎The European marketplace offers excellent potential for increasing sales.
◎The house has a lot of potential.
【习题】
【2022一中高一上期末】All children should _________________ (encourage) to realize their full potential.
【2-2025长郡高一上期中】She said, “ _________________ (fall) is part of any new potential. I’ll help her to skate!”
【2-2025长郡高一上期中】Living under the same roof with parents from two cultures and _________________(experience) the differences and potential tensions between them are interesting for me.
【2-2025雅礼高一上期中】You will most certainly gain valuable advice on how to achieve your mental potential _________________(full).
senior
adj. 中学的;级别高的;高级水平的;老年的
n. 级别(或地位)较高者；较年长者；高水平运动员
【拓展】
★be senior to sb. 　 　 级别高于某人;年长于某人
be senior to sb. by. . . 年长某人……岁
★a senior officer/ manager 高级长官/经理
a senior discount 老年优惠
a senior trip 毕业旅行
the senior prom 毕业年级舞会
tennis coaching for juniors and seniors 初、高级网球运动员训练
senior citizens 老年人；长者（60岁或已退休的人）
★a graduating senior 毕业年级学生
★junior adj. 地位较低的;青少年的
n. 职位较低者,年轻选手
be junior to sb. 级别低于某人
◎Senior High School will help you learn and grow, yet you alone are responsible for realizing your great potential.
◎Generally speaking, senior high school life is different from that of junior high.
◎Students in their final year at junior high and senior high schools in Beijing are scheduled to return to school on May 11 and April 27 in 2020.
◎I am a Senior 3 student, and all my classmates are always talking about the future.
【习题】
【2023附中高一上】I can’t wait to describe to you ______________ senior high school life is like.
【2023长郡高一上】With the support of the Party and the government，she helped establish the country’s first senior high school ______________ (offer) free education for girls from poor families.
【2024明德高一上】The meeting should be chaired by the _______________ (senior) person present.
【2025明达高一上】She felt unappreciated both by her colleagues and her ___________ (senior).
path
n.小路；小径；道路；（事物或人移动的）路线，轨迹；
◎The path was dappled with sunlight.小径上阳光斑斑驳驳。
◎The coastal path is a popular route for walkers.这条海滨小路是散步者很喜欢走的路径。
◎At the end of the day, you need to carve out a path for yourself that will lead to the most satisfaction. 最终，你需要为自己开辟一条能带来最大满足感的道路。
【拓展】
★a path to success 通往成功的道路
a path through the wood穿过树林的小路
【辨析】
path : 多指由人或动物在田间、小丘或树丛中经常走动而踩出的小路，也指公园或花园等供人走的小径。
road : 指连接两地间供行人或车辆使用的广阔平坦的大道，多指公路，也可用于引申意义。
way : 普通用词，含义广泛，可指各种路、道或通道，也可指抽象的道路。
street : 尤指城市中的道路，往往一侧或两侧有高大建筑物；还可指城市小镇、近郊可供人、车、马行走的平坦道路。
highway : 通常指市区外可以通行各种机动车辆的交通干线。
avenue : 在美国，指城市中一侧或两侧建筑物林立的大道或马路；而在英国则常指通住乡村大住宅、私人大庄园或两旁栽树的道路。
motorway : 高速公路，新词，特指为车辆快速通行而修的专线，美语为freeway或expressway。
route : 指从此处通往彼处的路线、路程等。
lane : 指农村或城镇的小道或小径，也指小巷。
pavement : 在英国，多指街道两旁的人行道，而美国人常用sidewalk表示人行道。
trail : 指人或兽在森林、荒野或山中踩出的小径或崎岖小道。
【习题】
【2025湖南名校名师高三下猜题卷（A）】But his passionate pursuit of this craft was _______ led him down a unique path as a full-time Chinese calligraphy artist.
【2025湖南四大名校名师团队猜题卷(B) 】Performances began to be sponsored by the state, and yangqin performers were given a path to higher levels of social _____________ (mobile).
challenge
n.【C】挑战；艰巨任务
n. 挑战书；邀请，提议
n. 质询；质疑；提出异议
v. 对…怀疑（或质疑）；拒绝接受
v. 向（某人）挑战；
v. （尤指在对方不情愿时）强烈建议（某人做某事）
【变形】challenging adj. 有挑战性的
-ing n. 状态，行业 feeling 感情 ageing 老化 building 建筑 filling 填料，填充物 advertising 广告业 fishing 渔业 accounting 会计学
a. 令人……的 正在……的 outgoing 外向的 exciting 令人兴奋的 fascinating 引人入胜的 (fascinate 迷人) changing 正在变化的 assuming 自以为是的 (assume 认为，假设) discriminating 有辨别能力的 (discriminate 辨认，区分)
【拓展】
★challenge sb. to sth. 　　　 向某人挑战某事
challenge sb to do sth 激励/激发某人做某事
challenge oneself 挑战自我
★meet the challenge of … 迎接…的挑战
face the challenge 面对挑战
take on /rise to challenges 迎接挑战
accept/take up a challenge 接受挑战
an exciting/interesting challenge 一个令人兴奋的/有趣的挑战
★It’s challenging to do sth 做某事具有挑战性
◎I realized this was not a friendly game, but a challenge.
◎Others take a more proactive (积极主动的) approach, viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone.
◎However, for those who feel with a positive mind, opportunity lies in each challenge.
◎Although there was not as much homework as I was used to, it was still challenging.
【习题】
【2024长郡高一上期中】Adolescence, in general, is ________ (challenge) for both parents and their children.
【2023长郡高一上月考1】I enjoyed most of the classes, but some of them were quite _________ (challenge).
【2022长郡高一上入学考】Studies found that it prevents students from dealing with _________ (challenge) on their own.
【2022一中高一上期末】It is true that Wikipedia faces_________ (challenge) . It carries no ads and its funds come from donations.
effort
n.【C, U】努力，力气，精力，费力的事
n.【C】艰难的尝试，尽力，试图
【变形】effortless adj. 不费力的;容易的
【变形】effortlessly adv.轻松地，毫不费力地
-less a. 没有……的 不……的 无……的 (-ful的反义后缀) hopeless 绝望的 (hope 希望) careless 粗心的 (care 关心) harmless 无害的 (harm 伤害) fearless 英勇无畏的 (fear 害怕) homeless 无家可归的 (home 家) endless 无尽的 (end 终点)
【拓展】
★make efforts (an effort/every effort)　 做出努力
make every effort to do sth 尽一切努力做某事
make joint efforts to do sth 共同努力做某事
put (one’s) effort into doing　　　 花大力气做某事
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力,尽力
with (an) effort= with difficulty 努力地，困难地，费力地
★a determined/real/special effort 坚决的╱真正的╱特别的努力
in an effort to save money 为节省资金
the Russian space effort 俄罗斯航天计划
the United Nations' peacekeeping effort 联合国的维和行动
◎I believe one can find his way out of difficulty with determination (决心) and efforts.
◎You should put more effort into your work.
◎So spare no effort to study and make your dream come true.
◎It's a long climb to the top, but well worth the effort.
◎With (an) effort (= with difficulty) she managed to stop herself laughing.
◎The project was a joint/group effort.
◎I'm afraid this essay is a poor effort.很抱歉，这篇文章写得不好。
【习题】
【2022明德高一上】Since then, skating has been __________ (effort) to me. I’ve learned that we can skate smoothly as long as we keep track of the wind.
【2022师大附中高一上】Sound effects make a difference to a film’s success than the__________ (effort) on acting, music and amazing sets.
【2024雅礼高一上】I took a picture every time I went because I wanted to remind myself to try to make ________ effort.
【2023师附高一上】A lot of efforts ______________(go) into making this event a success.
advance
n.【C】进步，进展【U】前进，行进
vt. &vi.发展,进步
adj. 预先的；事先的 / ~ team先遣队
【变形】advanced adj. 先进的，高级的
【变形】advancement n.先进
【拓展】
★in advance　　　　　 提前,预先
in advance of sth. 在……之前
make advances in… 在某方面取得进步/进展
★advance towards sb/sth 向某人/某物前进
advance one’s career 提高学历
advance the cause of democracy 推动民主事业
★advance warning/ notice/booking 事先通知/预订
◎We’re already gathering new data, with more advanced equipment.
◎The project, which began about 30 years ago, can be looked to as an example of efforts to advance green development.
◎The driving plan was quietly advanced after I almost crashed his car into a stone wall.
◎China’s advanced technology contributes to CRH’s high speed, comfort and safety.
◎Share prices showed significant advances. 股票价格大幅上涨。
◎This button advances the tape to the beginning of the next track.
◎Oil shares advanced amid economic recovery hopes.
【习题】
【2023长郡高一上】I found Maths quite easy and enjoyable because the material was ____________ (advanced) in the UK than in China.
【2023师附高一上】 As motion control technologies ____________ (advance) since then, robots have become more accurate.
【2024师附高一下】She asked for __________advance on her salary.
amazing
adj. 令人大为惊奇的,令人惊喜的
【拓展】
★in amazement惊奇地
to one’s amazement, ...令某人惊奇的是
★be amazed at/by sb./sth....对...感到惊讶
be amazed that...对...感到惊讶
be amazed (how/that...)
be amazed to see/find/learn...
★an amazing achievement/discovery/success
【变形】
amazed adj.震惊的
amazing adj.令人震惊的
amazement n.震惊；惊讶
◎It’s amazing that one dollar can change the culture of a school.
◎Travelling with friends can be an amazing experience where you could make lifelong memories or it could ruin your friendship.
◎The amazing magic trick amazed the audience, leaving them amazed and full of amazement.
【习题】
【2023长郡高一上】More ____________ (amazing), my robotic hand is capable of feeling varying degrees of pressure.
【2024名校高一上联考2】Meanwhile, as darkness started to fall, their parents back at the campsite became very ____________ (amaze) that the boys had not returned.
【2024长郡高一上】It's ____________ (amaze) to have the Olympics in my homeland.
【2023附中高一下】What____________ (amaze) the child was not a new world, but the unnoticed music of the old.
【2023师附高二上】One by one, the teenagers entered the cave and were ___________ (amaze) to see how wide it was from the inside.
【2024雅礼高一下】It was ___________ (amaze) that something small and seemingly meaningless could make an impact on my physical and mental well-being.
confidence
n. 信心,信任;把握
【变形】confident adj. 自信的
【变形】confidently adv. 自信地
【变形】confidential adj.机密的
-ial a. 有……的 special 特别的，特殊的 (spec 看，区分) official 官方的，正式的 (offic 职责，职务) material 材料的，物质的 (mater 物质) financial 财政的，金融的 (finance 金融) industrial 工业的 (industry 工业) judicial 司法的，法庭的 (judic司法) commercial 商业的 (commerce 商业) confidential 保密的，机密的 (confident 相信)
【拓展】
★have confidence in　　　 对……有信心
build one’s confidence 树立信心
boost one’s confidence 增强自信心
full of confidence 充满信心
with confidence 自信地,充满信心地
self-confidence 自信
★be confident of/about 确信，对…有把握
be confident that… 确信
◎Confidence and feeling accepted are necessary to a teen's social and emotional development.
◎Never concerned that the answer may let us down, with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find strangeness.
◎My confidence changed from that sliding-door moment.
【习题】
【2024麓山高一上适应性1】Being___________(confidence) in your appearance makes you more confident in other areas.
【2022麓山国际高一下入学考】And I tried everything, like reading books about ___________(confident).
【2023附中高一下月考1】Then he talked to her patiently and (sincere), hoping to help her build the ___________(confident).
【2024实验高一下期末】It all gave me extra ___________(confident). Doors might not have opened so quickly.
equal
adj.(大小,数量,价值)相等的，平等的，(力气,勇气，能力)相当的，能胜任的
n.相等物，同等的人
v.等于，比得上；导致，结果为
【变形】equally adv. 同样地;相等地
【变形】equality n. 同等,平等
【变形】inequality n. 不同等,不平等
-ety/-ity/-ty n. 状态，性质， 抽象名词 society 社会 (soci 同伴，联合) variety 多样性，种类 (vari 变化) anxiety 焦虑 (anx 挤压，不安) severity 严重性，严厉程度 (sever 严厉的) minority 少数 (minor 较小的) majority 多数 (major 较大的) equality 平等 (equal相等的) poverty 贫穷 (pover 贫乏) safety 安全 (safe 安全的) cruelty 残忍，残酷行为 (cruel 残忍的) loyalty 忠诚 (loyal 忠诚的)
in- / im- / il- /ir- [footnoteRef:0] [0: 同化规则基本与con-相同，此处受限于篇幅不再赘述] 不，无，非，否定 (= not) incorrect 不正确的 (correct 正确的) incomplete 不完整的 (complete 完整的) inexpensive 不贵的 (expensive 昂贵的) independent 独立的 (dependent 依赖的) inactive 不活跃的 (active 活跃的) intransitive 不及物的 (transitive 及物的) impartial 不偏袒的 (partial 有偏见的) impassive 无动于衷的 (pass 感情) impeccable 无可挑剔的，无瑕疵的 (pec = pick挑) immortal 不朽的 (mortal 死亡的) impatient 不耐烦的 (patient 耐心的) impossible 不可能的 (possible 可能的) impolite 不礼貌的 (polite 有礼貌的) imperfect 不完美的 (perfect 完美的) immoral 不道德的 (moral 符合道德的) illegal 非法的 (legal 合法的) illogical 不合逻辑的 (logical 合乎逻辑的) illiterate 文盲的 (literate 文盲的) illegible 难以辨认的 (legible 清晰可读的) irregular 不规则的 (regular 规则的) irresponsible 不负责任的 (responsible 负责的) irrelevant 不相关的 (relevant 有关联的) irreplaceable 无可替代的 (replace 替换) irrefutable 无可辩驳的 (refutable 可反驳的) irrevocable 不可取消的 (revocable 可撤销的)
在内部，向内，进入 (是ex-的反义词缀) impel驱动，敦促做……事情 (pel = push 推) impulse 冲动 (pulse 跳动，脉搏) implicit 含蓄的 (plic 重叠) incentive 激励 (cent 唱歌) impersonate 扮演，模仿 (person 人) illuminate 照亮，使……明白 (lumin光 [footnoteRef:1]) [1: 物理中光通量的单位“流明”就是直接音译于这个词根] irruption 闯入，冲入 (rupt 断) irradiate 使……明亮，生辉 (radi 发光)
【拓展】
★be equal to sb/sth 与某人/某物相同; 胜任
be equal in sth 在某方面相等
an equal opportunity平等的机会
equal rights/pay 平等的权利；同酬
the desire for a more equal society 对更平等的社会的向往
★be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比
be the equal of sb/sth 比得上某人/某事
be treated as equals被平等对待
★equal pay for equal work同工同酬
◎Can our industry compete on equal terms with its overseas rivals
◎Don't you believe in equality between men and women
◎She treats the people who work for her as her equals. 她以平等的身份对待为她工作的人。
◎A metre equals 39.38 inches.1米等于39.38英寸。
◎With his last jump he equaled the world record.他的最后一跳平了世界纪录。
◎Cooperation equals success.合作意味着成功。
【习题】
【2024二附中高一上期中】I know you value your friendship and want your friend to value it _________ (equal).
【2023一中高一上月考1】Facebook’s system was trained on a data set of 7.5 billion sentence pairs collected from the web across 100 languages, though not all the languages had_________equal number of sentence pairs.
【2022雨花区高一上期末】Others’ treating him_________ (equal) at work.
【2023雅礼高一上月考1】Of equal _________ (important) are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude.
balance
vt. 同等重视;(使)保持平衡;权衡重要性
n. 均衡,平衡;平衡能力
【变形】balanced adj. 均衡的,平衡的
【变形】imbalance n. 不平衡
【拓展】
★balance A with/and B　　 使A和B保持平衡
balance oneself 让自己保持平衡
balance one's diet 均衡饮食
★keep/lose a/one’s balance 保持/失去平衡
a sense of balance 平衡感
out of balance 失去平衡，失衡
on balance 总的来说
◎At present, flexible lifestyles, changing patterns of work-life balance have led to the appearance of a new kind of family dinner.
◎It is also believed to own the ability to balance the flow of Qi, a vital energy force within the body.
◎The specific types of incense choice based on the individual’s condition, aiming to restore balance and promote well-being,
【习题】
【2023雅礼高一上月考1】I not only gain a ________(balance) life through sports, but also get more chances to move closer to nature.
【2024二附中高一上期中】I need to balance my study ________ life in order to make it colorful and meaningful.
【2023附中高一下月考1】The boy has a lot of disadvantages, but _________balance I think he is still a good boy.
individual
adj.单独的；个人的【只用于n前】
adj.独特的；与众不同的=distinctive
n.个人，个体；与众不同的人，有个性的人；某种类型的人
【变形】individuality n.个性，个人特征；个体，单个实体；个人的嗜好
【变形】individualism n.个人主义
【变形】individualistic adj.个人主义的；利己主义的
【变形】individualist n.利己主义者，个人主义者
【变形】individually adv.独特地；单独地；分别地
【变形】individuate（较正式）个体化，感觉独立；使有区别
-ic/-ics/ -ical/-tic a. ……的 与……有关的 具有……性质的 (仅-ic/-ical/-tic) cosmic 宇宙的 (cosm 宇宙) historic 有历史影响的 (history 历史) ascetic 苦行的，克己的 (ascet 练习) historical 历史上的，有关历史的 (history 历史) botanical 植物学的 (botany 植物学) skeptical 怀疑的 (skept 怀疑) symmetrical 对称的 (sym=same, metri 测量) chaotic 混乱的 (chaos 混乱，混沌) antibiotic 抗生素的 (anti反抗，bio生命) romantic 浪漫的 (roman 浪漫) dramatic 戏剧性的 (drama 戏剧) apathetic 冷漠的 (a没有，否定 + path情感)
n. 人或学科 (仅-ic/-ics/-tic) logic 逻辑学 (log 词语，说话，思想) critic 批评家 (crit 评论，批评) mimic 模仿者 (mim 模仿) physics 物理学 (phys 自然，本性) politics 政治学 (polit 城市，公民) economics 经济学 (economy 经济) statistics 统计学 (stat 状态，数据) optics 光学 (opt 看) lunatic 疯子 (luna 月，古时认为月亮盈亏引发精神病) psychotic 精神病人 (psycho 精神病) ascetic苦行僧，修行者 (ascet 练习)
-ist n. 专家， 从事某活动的人 scientist 科学家 pianist 钢琴家 artist 艺术家 chemist 化学家，药剂师 (chemistry 化学) dentist 牙医 (dent 牙齿)
n. 信仰者，追随者 有……倾向的人 (-ism的派生) communist 共产主义者 nationalist 民族主义者 racist 种族主义者，种族歧视者 optimist 乐观主义者
◎Some individual investors exulted at the record.一些个人投资者为这一记录欢欣鼓舞。
◎The author stresses the uniqueness of the individual.这位作者强调个人的独特性。
【习题】
【2025一中高二上期中】In the future, advertising will be even more about understanding individual customers and sending _____ (they) advertisements that are tailored to specific needs.
【2025周南高二上期末】 The name refers______how the eight individual movements provide a soft quality for the movement of the body.
【2025长郡高二上期中】In that moment, he understood that while individual _____________ (achievement) are noteworthy, the true essence of victory lies in “playing as a team”.
【2025一中高三下月考8】Simply put, passive-aggressive behaviour refers to behaviour that is indirect and typically results from negative feelings that the individual _____________(have) difficulty directly — or openly — expressing.
responsible
adj. 有责任,负责;可靠的
【变形】responsibility n. 责任，职责
【变形】irresponsible adj. 不负责任的
in- / im- / il- /ir- [footnoteRef:2] [2: 同化规则基本与con-相同，此处受限于篇幅不再赘述] 不，无，非，否定 (= not) incorrect 不正确的 (correct 正确的) incomplete 不完整的 (complete 完整的) inexpensive 不贵的 (expensive 昂贵的) independent 独立的 (dependent 依赖的) inactive 不活跃的 (active 活跃的) intransitive 不及物的 (transitive 及物的) impartial 不偏袒的 (partial 有偏见的) impassive 无动于衷的 (pass 感情) impeccable 无可挑剔的，无瑕疵的 (pec = pick挑) immortal 不朽的 (mortal 死亡的) impatient 不耐烦的 (patient 耐心的) impossible 不可能的 (possible 可能的) impolite 不礼貌的 (polite 有礼貌的) imperfect 不完美的 (perfect 完美的) immoral 不道德的 (moral 符合道德的) illegal 非法的 (legal 合法的) illogical 不合逻辑的 (logical 合乎逻辑的) illiterate 文盲的 (literate 文盲的) illegible 难以辨认的 (legible 清晰可读的) irregular 不规则的 (regular 规则的) irresponsible 不负责任的 (responsible 负责的) irrelevant 不相关的 (relevant 有关联的) irreplaceable 无可替代的 (replace 替换) irrefutable 无可辩驳的 (refutable 可反驳的) irrevocable 不可取消的 (revocable 可撤销的)
在内部，向内，进入 (是ex-的反义词缀) impel驱动，敦促做……事情 (pel = push 推) impulse 冲动 (pulse 跳动，脉搏) implicit 含蓄的 (plic 重叠) incentive 激励 (cent 唱歌) impersonate 扮演，模仿 (person 人) illuminate 照亮，使……明白 (lumin光 [footnoteRef:3]) [3: 物理中光通量的单位“流明”就是直接音译于这个词根] irruption 闯入，冲入 (rupt 断) irradiate 使……明亮，生辉 (radi 发光)
【拓展】
★be responsible for sth. 　　 对某事负责
be responsible to sb. 向某人负责
a responsible job/position 责任重大的工作╱岗位
★take (the) responsibility of 承担……的责任
have responsibility for (doing) sth 对做某事负责
a sense of responsibility 责任感
◎You alone are responsible for realizing your great potential.
◎As a responsible girl, I hope to take up a job which is good to society.
◎I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many.
◎Mike is responsible for designing the entire project. 迈克负责设计全部工程。
◎Cigarette smoking is responsible for about 90% of deaths from lung cancer.因患肺癌而死亡者，约90%是吸烟所致。
◎The Council of Ministers is responsible to the Assembly. 内阁须向议会负责。
【习题】
【2023雅礼高一上月考1】Some governments are reluctant to shoulder their own ____________(responsible).
【2023雅礼高一上月考1】I realized that I should be responsible____ not only myself, but also for the society.
【2023一中高一上月考1】Senior High School will help you learn and grow, yet you alone are responsible _________ realizing your great potential.
【2022一中高一下期中】Being responsible and independent __________________ (not mean) being alone.
forward
adv. 向前；进展；向将来；提前
adj. 向前的，前进的；未来的
vt. 发送，寄；转寄
n. 前锋
【拓展】
★look forward　　　 向前看;展望
look forward to 盼望;期望
step forward 走上前
put forward 提出
★from this day forward从此以后
◎Now solutions have been put forward to give this e-waste a new life
◎Try to move forward to a place of pure silence.
【习题】
【2023长郡高一上月考1】Huda Mohammed, a doctoral student is looking forward to ________ (spend) her third Spring Festival in China.
【1-2025一中高一上月考1】____________ (base) on the results, so far the proposal has been put forward by ____________ (professional) that children should be inspired to get close to and explore nature.
make a difference
起作用,有影响
【拓展】
★make a difference to　　　 对……起作用,有影响
make some/no difference to 对……有些/无作用;
对……有些/无影响
◎I hope my suggestions can make a difference. I’ll continue to offer help if you need.
◎I believe such measures will make a difference to your life and study.
◎Looking at the back of the boy, David hoped his action could make some difference to the boy.
【习题】
【长郡2023级入学考】Not only is your job to help make a difference, but it’s also ___________ (ride) the wave with them.
【附中2023级入学考】 Letting students feel their ability ___________ (make) a difference.
【2025届长沙新高考适应性考试】Abstract modelling makes________ big difference.
make the most of
充分利用;尽情享受
【拓展】
★make the best of　　　 充分利用;尽量好好去做
make use of 利用
make full/good use of 充分/好好利用
◎To fully realize your potential, it is important for you to make the most of our school resources.
◎We should make the best of the free time to study something we really like.
◎I learn to seize every opportunity to learn and make use of all kinds of learning resources.
【习题】
【1-2024一中高一下月考1】The "best years of your life" Maybe not, but you can learn to make________most of your high school days.
【2023雅礼高一上月考1】If you’re considering where to go at Easter or other holidays and searching for some family holiday ideas, why not_______ (make) the most of your time off by planning a trip to one of Britain’s best beaches
【2023雅礼高一上月考1】To fully realize your potential, it is important for you_______ (make) the most of our school resources.
Sentences
Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude.
同样重要的是好的学习习惯、有用的技能和积极的态度。
【拓展】
(1)本句是一个倒装句。其正常语序为:Good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude are of equal importance. 这种倒装结构主要是为了平衡句子结构。
◎Present at the meeting are some experts from all over the country.
◎In the classroom are forty Chinese students, twenty American students and two teachers.
(2)句中of equal importance是of+抽象名词结构,等同于一个形容词。
◎I hope my suggestions are of great help to you and look forward to your reply!
◎Having enough sleep is of great importance.
【习题】
Of equal importance_______(be) good study habits, useful skills and _______positive attitude.
句式仿写。
______________________________________________
同样重要的是你实现梦想的方式。
Over the next three years, you will discover your potential while you develop as a student and as a person.
在接下来的三年里,你将在作为一名学生和作为一个人不断发展的同时发现你的潜力。
【拓展】
本句是一个复合句。句中while引导时间状语从句。
◎We will watch Spring Festival Gala on TV while we are eating delicious food.
◎I have been amazed by the excellent Chinese you spoke when we first met.
◎While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.
【when与while引导从句之异同】
(1)when相当于at/during the time that, 既指时间点,也可指一段时间,可以与终止性动词或延续性动词连用; while相当于during the time that,指一段时间,因此只能与延续性动词连用。
(2)when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时,也可以是先后发生;while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。
(3)while除了表示“当……时”,还有“而,然而”“尽管”之意。
【习题】
写出下列句中while的意思。
The eagle kite is made of plastic while the butterfly kite is made of cloth.
While social media have some advantages, they might have a bad impact on teenagers.
Thank you for your help while I was travelling in Sydney last summer vacation.
必修一U1【Grammar语法】
●Grammar & Integrated skills
Words
focus
n. 焦点，重点 vt.& vi. 集中
【变形】focused adj. 目标清晰的；目标明确的，重点突出的
【拓展】
★focus on sb. /sth. 　 聚焦；把注意力集中于……
focus your attention on sb. /sth. 把注意力集中于……
★the focus of ……的焦点
◎Nowadays, teenagers’ mental health has become the focus of attention.如今，青少年的心理健康已成为人们关注的焦点。
◎It took a few moments for her eyes to focus in the dark. 过了好一会她的眼睛才适应黑暗。
◎The children's faces are badly out of focus in the photograph. 照片上孩子们的脸模糊不清。
◎His comments provided a focus for debate. 他的评论提供了辩论的重点。
【习题】
【2024长郡高一上入学】It will help you become more patient and__________ (focus).
【2024长郡高一上期末】The news about the disease is always the focus __________ us.
【2022师大附中高一上月考3】Taking his or her personalities, characters and personal traits into deep consideration helps to see the whole picture rather than merely focus_______one’s physical appearance.
【2023雅礼高一上月考1】_____________ (focus) on each class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.
【2023长郡高一上月考1】Sure, you helped them out where you could but ultimately you had your own work_____________ (focus) on.
【2024长郡高一上期中】When everyone else in the class _____________ (focus) on tasks, I could not.
detail
n. 细节；具体情况
【变形】detailed adj. 详细的;细致的
【拓展】
★in detail　　　　　　　 详细地
go into details/the detail 详细叙述;逐一说明
◎Tell me the main points now; leave the details till later. 把要点告诉我，细节留到以后再说。
◎This is a detail from the 1844 Turner painting.这是透纳1844年水彩画的一小部分。
◎The report provides every detail with detailed analysis of the situation.该报告提供了每个细节，并对情况进行了详细的分析。
【习题】
【2023雅礼高一上月考1】You should set down some important ______(detail) while listening to the tape.
【2022雅礼高一上月考1】I can make a _______ (detail) introduction of our splendid culture.
【2024长郡高一上期末】Durrell’s attention to detail_______ (be) what makes the book so winning, with every sight, sound and smell of the island brought to life.
tip
n.末端
n.小费
n.建议；指点
vi.（使）倾斜；vt.倾倒；倒出
vt.给小费
【变形】tip-tipped-tipped-tipping
◎Cape Town is at the southern tip of the African continent.开普敦位于非洲大陆的最南端。
◎We tipped plates of fresh meat, fish and vegetables into the pot.我们把一盘盘鲜肉、鱼和蔬菜倒进锅里。
◎He gave the waiter a generous tip.他给了服务员很多小费。
◎The house is in tip-top condition.这座房子的状况没得挑。
【习题】
【2025一中高二上期末】On the way, a young woman talked to me and gave me_____________ tip for a visit to a hidden local restaurant with delicious and affordable food.
【2025周南高二上期末】Your dentist can give you ____________(tip) on cleaning your teeth more effectively and treat more serious disease.
base
vt. 以……为基础(依据)
n. 根据；基础；基底；总部，大本营
【变形】basis n．原因，缘由；基准，准则；方式；基础
【变形】basic adj.基本的；基础的
【变形】basically adv.大体上；基本上
【变形】based adj.办公地点在...的；以...为总部的 【构成复合词】...为基础的
【拓展】
★base...on/upon... 把……建立在……的基础上
be based on/upon 以……为根据(基础)
★as a base for 作为……基础/基地
on the basis of 在……的基础上
on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期
★computer-based teaching 计算机教学
◎When it comes to the option of courses, I think we should base our choice on our interest.说到课程的选择，我认为我们应该根据我们的兴趣来做出选择。
◎A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust.很多生意仍然是通过电话完成的，其中很多都基于信任。
◎A lot of business is still done over the phone,and much of it is based on trust. 很多生意仍然是通过电话完成,其中很多都是基于信任。
◎There are some good things about choosing the Great Wall as a base for the study tour. 选择长城作为研学旅游基地有很多好处。
【习题】
【2022一中高一上期末】We should base our conclusions on______________ (base) facts and solid evidence.
【2023南雅高二上月考1】______________ (base) on traditional production processes and fillings, including different nuts and dried fruits, mature vinegar is added, which greatly improves its flavor.
【2024雅礼高一下期末】In recent years，various regions have introduced innovative moon cakes flavors ______________ (base) on their local characteristics.
remind
vt. 提醒,使想起
【变形】reminder n. 引起回忆的事物；提醒人的事物
【拓展】
★remind...about/of... 　　 使……想起……;提醒……
remind sb. that. . . 提醒某人……
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
◎This will remind you of what you are working for and let you focus on it.这将提醒你，你是在为什么工作，并使你专注于它。
◎The chemistry teacher reminded the students that they should not touch the facilities in the lab.化学老师提醒学生们不要触摸实验室里的设备。
◎However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. 然而,爸爸提醒她含糖的点心对牙齿有害。
◎The robot is only able to perform basic functions like reminding the driver to turn off the headlights. 这个机器人只能发挥一些基本功能，比如，提醒驾驶员关掉大灯。
【习题】
【2024名校联考高一上联考2】They will teach many traffic regulations to remind us _________(pay) attention to traffic safety.
【2024名校联考高一上联考2】The new function can remind you ____________ appointments and important dates.
【2023一中高一上月考1】I chose it as a gift to as a ______________ (remind)of my unforgettable time here with you.
【2022雅礼高一上月考1】What had happened that day reminded me____________ a famous saying “A friend in need is a friend indeed. ”
【2023长郡高一上月考1】Similarly, a small piece of public praise for a high-performing employee can remind the rest of the team____________ you do notice when they work hard and perform well.
【2023一中高一上月考3】A great way to remind you____________(laugh) more is to have daily jokes on your phone or email.
【2023长郡高一上月考1]If you need a little boost, place posters around your mirror that remind you of the___________ (charm) parts of your body.
proposal
n. 提议,建议,动议
【变形】propose vt. 提议，建议
【拓展】
★make a proposal that. . . 　　 提出建议……
submit/consider/accept/reject a proposal 提交╱审议╱接受╱拒绝一项建议
★propose that. . . 提议，建议
propose doing/to do sth. 打算做某事
◎The proposal that was aimed at balancing school work and other useful skills was accepted by our school.我们学校接受了这个旨在平衡学业和其他有用技能的建议。
◎The teacher may require a second proposal if the first is off-topic or unclear. 老师会要求第二个提议,如果第一个跑题或不清楚。
◎We make a proposal that each student in our school (should)donate at least 2 books. 我们提议学校里的每一个学生至少捐赠两本书。
◎Dad proposed that we should walk along the river which may lead us to the farm house. 爸爸建议我们应该沿着通往农场小屋的河走。
【习题】
【2024名校联考高一上联考2】It couldn’t be better if you could offer me some _________(propose).
【2023长郡高一上月考1】The committee will review the proposal you ___________(propose) last week.
【2024一中高一下月考1】China’s Tree-Planting Day could date back to a _______________
(propose) made by Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925), a great Chinese revolution leader, to Beiyang Government (1915-1927) in 1915.
aim
n. 目的,目标
vi. & vt. 力争做到;目的是;针对
【变形】aimless adj. 没有方向的;无目标的
【变形】aimlessly adv.无目的地
【拓展】
★aim at　　　　　 瞄准;针对
aim sth at sb/sth 用某物朝向/瞄准某人/某物
aim to do/at doing... 旨在做……；力求达到……
be aimed at 目的是；旨在
★with the aim of 怀着……的目标
◎He aims to finish his journey by mid-July. 他的目标是到七月中旬结束他的行程。
◎Students went to the farm with the aim of experiencing the hardships of the farmers.学生们去农场是为了体验农民们的艰辛。
◎The project aims to improve the students’ ability of listening and speaking.该项目旨在提高学生的听说能力。
◎Many students spend most of their time playing computer games or chatting aimlessly with others. 很多学生花费大量的时间打游戏,或漫无目的地与他人聊天。
◎Jane moved aimlessly down the street, not knowing where she was heading.简漫无目的地走在街上，不知道自己要去往哪里。
【习题】
【2024一中高一下期中】Urquhart launched the Run Antarctica _________(aim) to encourage more women to do sports.
【2024实验高一下期末】I found myself doing schoolwork only with the aim________ getting good grades for university admissions.
【2024实验高一下期末】The specific types of incense are chosen based on the individual’s condition, _________(aim) to restore balance and promote well-being,
【2024一中高一下期中】The group, which depends on community volunteers, _________(aim) to plant 500,000 trees by 2025.
profession
n.（尤指需要长期训练和正规资格的）职业；（某）职业界同行，同业；（统称，指需要较高教育水平的）职业
【变形】professional adj.职业的；专业的 n.职业选手；专业人士
【变形】professionalism n.职业化；专业水准；专业素质
【变形】professionally adv.职业上；职业性地；由专业人员所做
-ism n. 主义，宗教 capitalism 资本主义 (capital 资本) socialism 社会主义 (social 社会的) communism 共产主义 (commun 共同的) feminism 女权主义 (femin 女性) sexism 性别歧视 (sex 性别) optimism 乐观主义 (optim 最好的) pessimism 悲观主义 (passim 最坏的) idealism 理想主义 (idea 理想，理念，观念)
n. 学术流派 Impressionism 印象派 (impression 印象) Platonism 柏拉图主义 (Plato 柏拉图) Modernism 现代主义 (modern 现代的) Behaviorism 行为主义 (behavior 行为)
n. 行为，现象， 状态，性质 plagiarism 剽窃 (plagiary 斜的) tourism 旅游业 (tour 旅游) humanism 人性 (human 人)
◎They're both doctors by profession.他们两人的职业都是医生。
◎She was at the very top of her profession.她是她那个行业中的佼佼者。
◎Her abilities carried her to the top of her profession.她的才能使她在本行业中出类拔萃
【2025附中高二上期中】The art competitions were called off because so many competitors were __________________(profession) artists, and the Olympics were supposed to make the amateurs (people who didn’t get paid for their athletic or artistic talent) shine.
【2025附中高三下模1】Running through Thursday, the fair _________________(expect) to draw more than 30,000 publishing__________________(professional) and over 1,000 exhibitors from around the world.
as a result of由于
【拓展】
★as a result　　　 结果
★result in 导致,引起
result from 产生于……, 由……引起
◎John can’t take part in the match tomorrow as a result of his knee injury.由于膝盖受伤，约翰不能参加明天的比赛了。
◎The young man never cared about details. As a result, he made a big mistake.这个年轻人从不关心细节，结果他犯了一个大错误。
◎His failure in this exam resulted from his not working hard enough.他这次考试不及格是因为不够努力。
◎Not working hard enough resulted in his failure in the exam.他不够努力导致他这次考试不及格。
【习题】
【2022雨花区高一上期末】Some of the serious results_________ overeating include weight gain and heart disease.
【2023附中高一上月考1】Teenagers’ physical changes may result _________ such family tensions.
【2022雅礼高一下入学考】However, since it kept orbiting around the Earth without any _________ (result), scientists became increasingly comfortable abandoning things that no longer served any useful purpose in space.
【2024二附中高一上期中】Many students spend most of their time playing computer games, which may result ______ poor health.
【2022长郡高一上期中】I often go to the English Corner to practise my spoken English. As ______result, I’m good at English.
【2022长郡高一上期中】Many hair problems result _____ what you eat.
【2022雅礼高一下入学考】It ________________ (result) in any serious problems up to now.
【2022雅礼高一下入学考】This overnight success also brought a lot of pressure, ________________ (result) in a three-year-long writer’s block (瓶颈期).
Sentences
10. You may find achieving goals difficult. 你会发现实现目标是困难的。
此句含有find的复合结构，即find+宾语+宾补，其具体用法如下： adj./adv. 介词短语 find+宾语+ 名词/代词 不定式 现在分词（表示主动、进行） 过去分词（表示被动、完成） find+it+形容词/名词+to do（it是形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语）
◎You will find paper cutting easy if you keep practising it.如果你坚持练习，你会发现剪纸挺容易的。
◎When he came to himself, he found himself in hospital.他醒来时，发现自己在医院里。
◎I find my partner an outgoing and confident guy.我发现我的同伴是个外向且自信的小伙子。
◎As time goes by, they find the Chinese people to be happy and cheerful.随着时间的推移，他们发现中国人很幸福快乐。
◎He found his son doing an experiment in the garden.他发现儿子正在花园里做实验。
◎When he arrived, he found all the work already finished.他到达时，发现所有的工作都已经完成了。
◎We found it difficult to persuade him to change his mind.我们发现说服他改变主意很难。
【习题】
I hope you’ll find these suggestions ____________(use).
I believe you will find a club ____________(suit) for you.
Towards nightfall, I found myself ______________(carry) out to sea by a strong wind.
A group of children were found ______________(play) on the playground.
The old man found his wallet ______________(steal) in the market.
必修一U1【Extended reading语法】
● Extended Reading
Words
1.exchange
n. [C/U]交换；互换；交流；掉换
n.[C]交谈；对话；争论
n.[U]兑换；汇兑
n.[C]（不同国家人或团体之间的）交流，互访
v.交换；交流；掉换
v.兑换；交易；更换
◎I’ve never exchanged words with those moms beyond small talks, but they wanted to help. 除了闲聊之外,我从来没有和那些妈妈们交流过,但是,她们想要帮忙。
◎The Chinese Basketball Association, now chaired by Yao Ming, announced that it has suspended any exchanges and cooperation with the Rockets. 现由姚明担任主席的中国篮协宣布暂停与火箭队的所有交流与合作。
◎There was only time for a brief exchange.只有简短的交谈时间。
◎Juliet and David exchanged glances. 朱丽叶和戴维相互看了看对方。
◎You can exchange your currency for dollars in the hotel.你可在旅馆把你的钱兑换成美元。
【拓展】
★exchange sth with sb 与某人交换某物
exchange A for B　 拿A换B
exchange ideas/news/information 交流思想/互通消息/交流信息
★in exchange (for) 作为(对……的)交换
exchange student交换生
trade and cultural exchanges with China 与中国的贸易和文化交流
【习题】
【2022明德高一下期中】They receive points which can be exchanged _________ goods.
【2022雅礼高二下期末】I hope we can exchange experience in learning foreign languages __________ each other more often.
【1-2024一中高二下月考1】They asked for an exchange ___________ prisoners.
【2024一中高一下期中】Cultural exchange ______________(program) such as film festivals, concerts and photo exhibitions will be held.
【2024一中高二上入学】When you arrive, we will give you a student orientation (迎新会) and introduce you to other exchange ______________(student) and the surrounding community.
【2024一中高二上入学】When school starts, you will begin the process of ______________(culture) exchange!
【2022雅礼高二下期末】During the program, workers receive 100 % of their pay for working only 80 % of their usual week, in exchange___________promising to maintain 100 % of their productivity.
2.tough
adj.坚韧的，坚固的；强硬的，严厉的；嚼不动的；
n.恶棍
v.坚持，忍受，忍耐
adv.坚强地，坚定地
【变形】toughen vt&vi（使）变强壮；（使）变困难
【变形】toughly adv.坚强地；强硬地
【变形】toughness n.[U]韧度；韧性
【拓展】
★tough out 闯过（难关）；从（困境中）挺过来
◎She is bright, tough and spunky.她聪明、顽强而且干劲十足。
◎The film's budget dictated a tough schedule.该影片的预算决定了紧张的拍摄进度。
【2025长郡高二上期中】I expect to see your tough ______________(defend), sharp passing, and, most important, smart play as a team.
【2025长郡高二上期末】Hiking up was a lot ______________(tough) than hiking down, even when taking the flatter Bright Angel trail.
【2025雅礼高三下月考8】Remember, tough______________(time) don’t last, but tough people do. You’re one of them.” Tears welled up in my eyes as I realized the depth of her kindness and the belief she had in me.
【2024长郡高三上月考1】I had a tough time__________(drag) myself to karate for a while after that I missed Abigail so much.
3.alarm
n. 闹钟;恐慌;警报;警报器
vt. 使惊恐,使害怕
◎‘What have you done ’ Ellie cried in alarm .“你都干了些什么？”埃利惊恐地喊道。
◎I felt a growing sense of alarm when he did not return that night.那天夜里他没有回家，我越来越感到恐慌。
◎Unfortunately, bees have been disappearing at an alarming rate. 不幸的是,蜜蜂正以令人惊恐的速度消失。
◎They should not be too alarmed by the press reports, because everything was under control. 他们不应对新闻报道过于担心,因为一切尽在掌控之中。
◎The alarming news alarmed residents, leaving many alarmed about their safety.这则令人担忧的消息惊吓了居民，让许多人担心自己的安全。
【拓展】
★set the alarm　　　 上闹铃;定闹铃
sound the alarm 发出警报
★at an alarming rate 以令人惊恐的速度
★be alarmed at/by sth. 对……担忧;对……惊恐
【变形】alarming adj. 令人惊恐的
【变形】alarmed adj. 担忧的;惊恐的
【习题】
【2024二附中高一上期中】The average person wakes up to ________alarm and then turns on the radio or TV.
【2023雅礼高二下期中】The world’s forests are reducing at an _______________(alarm) rate.
【2024麓山高二下学情检测】The passengers in the ship became _______________(alarm) when the waves began to crash over the bow.
4.contribution
n. 贡献;捐款;捐赠
◎All contributions will be gratefully received. 我们对所有捐资表示感谢。
◎He made a very positive contribution to the success of the project.他对项目成功贡献良多。
◎All contributions for the May issue must be received by Friday.所有要在五月这一期发表的稿件必须在星期五以前寄到。
◎We rely entirely on voluntary contribution. 我们全靠自愿捐赠。
◎His generous contribution will contribute significantly to the charity's success.他慷慨的捐赠将大大促进慈善机构的成功。
【拓展】
★make a. . . contribution to 为……做出……的贡献
make contributions/a contribution to 为……做出贡献
★contribute to sth. 有助于……;促成……; 向……投稿/捐赠
【变形】contribute vt. 捐献；贡献；投稿
【习题】
【2023南雅高二上月考1】It's a sad reality that many of us find ourselves just too busy
(contribute) to our communities．
【2023雅礼高二上入学】In short, wasting food increases greenhouse gas emissions and
(contribute) to climate change.
【2024雅礼高二下月考3】Sweating (contribute) to a decrease in blood pressure to some extent. Here are four research-backed reasons why this salt-based fluid can benefit you.
【2023长郡高一下月考1】Making good friends (contribute) to your personal happiness as well. It's important to move to avoid the negative health influences.
【2023长郡高一下月考1】The tension in your hands from typing might contribute to in your shoulders．
【2022雅礼高一下期末】Each of us (contribute) to the jar weekly. However, we still haven’t gone to a game because my father had to work every Saturday.
【2024一中高一下期中】We should make ____________ (contribute)and efforts to carry it forward.
5.fortunately
adv. 幸运地，幸亏
◎Fortunately, after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to leave. 幸运的是,在医院待了短暂的一会,Ben就被允许出院了。
◎Unfortunately, later all of them felt sick and had a stomachache.不幸的是,随后他们都感到恶心,并且胃疼得厉害。
◎Unless you work hard, no fortune will come. 除非你努力工作,否则运气不会降临。
◎We’ve all heard stories of some people who have made their fortune on the Internet. 我们都听说过一些人在网上发财的故事。
◎Fortunately, we were fortunate enough to avoid the storm, which was pure good fortune.
幸运的是，我们很幸运地躲过了风暴，这纯粹是好运气。
【拓展】
★make a/one’s fortune 发财;发迹
try one’s fortune 碰运气
【变形】unfortunately 　　　adv. 不幸地
【变形】fortune n. 运气;巨款
【习题】
【2023长郡高一上月考1】_______________ (fortunate), my teachers and classmates were always helpful and gave me lots of encouragement.
【2022雅礼高一上月考3】_______________ (fortunate), her marriage is on the rocks.
【2022雅礼高一上月考3】_______________ (fortunate), in the end, they cannot make the decision for you.
【2024实验高一下期末】Unfortunately, this often results_______________ confused players arguing about how the game should be played.
6.option
n. 可选择的事物，选择；选修课
◎This particular model comes with a wide range of options. 这一种型号的货品有很多选择。
◎Attending lectures on Western culture is also a good option for you. 参加关于西方文化的讲座对你来说也是个好选择。
◎I had no option but to follow them, getting my shoes wet and dirty with mud. 我别无选择只能跟着他们,鞋湿透了,沾满了泥。
◎I’m very delighted to know that our school is going to offer several optional courses. 我很高兴得知我们学校将要提供一些选修课程。
【拓展】
★have no option but to do sth. 除了做某事外别无选择
【变形】optional adj. 可选择的,随意的
【习题】
【2023南雅高二上月考1】_______________(variety) of this mooncake include garlic, salt and pepper，and spicy cray fish_______________ (option).
【2022一中高一上检测1】Good ___________ (option) include going to an amusement park, working together on a craft project or signing your kids up for sports.
【2022南雅高二上月考3】In your bathroom, for example, experiment with plastic-free ___________ (option) such as soap instead of shower gel (沐浴露).
【2023雅礼高二下期中】It had __________ option for talking to a real person.
【2024麓山高二下学情检测】Recent news, local events, popular books and television shows are all good fallback ___________ (option).
7.attract
vt. 吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起(反应)
◎At the end of each term, students put on a calligraphy show, attracting more students to Chinese calligraphy.在每个学期结束时，学生们都会举办一场书法表演，以吸引更多的学生来学习中国书法。
◎Thousands of people are attracted to go on holiday there every year. 每年数以千计的人们被吸引到这里度假。
◎The warm damp air attracts a lot of mosquitoes. 温暖潮湿的空气招来了大量蚊子。
◎His comments were bound to attract criticism .他的说话必然会招致批评。
◎Once inside, we were attracted to an exhibition that gave a vivid account of Beijing’s history. 一进去,我们就喜欢上这个详细描述北京历史的展览。
◎The Palace Museum in Beijing ranked first among the top 100 happiest tourist attractions in 2019. 在2019年中国旅游景区欢乐指数排名前100的景点中,北京故宫博物院位居第一。
◎The new museum exhibit attracts many visitors due to its attractive displays, becoming the city's main tourist attraction.
新博物馆展览因其吸引人的展品而吸引了许多游客，成为该市的主要旅游景点。
【词块积累】
★attract one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力
be attracted by… 被……吸引
be attracted to…　　 喜爱，爱上
★a tourist attraction 旅游景点
【变形】attraction n. 吸引人的事物,景点
【变形】attractive adj. 有吸引力的,吸引人的
【习题】
【2022雅礼高一上月考1】If you've always felt that you look ______________(attractive) in videos than you do in photographs, you're not alone.
【2023一中高一上月考1】It turns out that looking______________(attract) in photos isn't easy due to what researchers are calling the “frozen face effect.”
【2022雅礼高一上月考1】When they were then asked to rank the imagery based on ______________(attract), the videos consistently ranked higher than the corresponding stills.
【2024雅礼高一下期末】If everyone got surgeries to become attractive, everyone would be________ (exact) the same.
【2023长郡高一上期中】Plan accordingly and make sure everyone can see some of their top _____________(attract).
【2024一中高一下期中】The outdoor event______________(attract) over 300 audience members and featured Chinese musicians, including the music band of traditional Chinese music of the Central Conservatory of Music.
【2024一中高一下月考1】Throughout the summer holiday period, the cocoa botanical garden was abuzz with activities, ______________(attract) an average of 3,000 visitors daily.
【2024一中高一下月考1】Visitors can explore the park’s beautiful scenery, and then experience the charm of the city’s downtown area, with cultural _____________(attract) and historic landmarks.
【2022南雅高二上月考3】The North Shore is home to world-class surf contests, ______________(attract) the world’s top surfers.
【2022南雅高二上月考3】Students ______________(attract) to the course for the student-friendly learning in class.
【2023中南博才高二上月考1】When I finish a climb, that sense of achievement and joy are the biggest ______________(attract) .
【2023中南博才高二上月考1】Worrisome thoughts are constantly occurring in their minds; what kind of impression am I making Do they like me Do I sound stupid Am I wearing ______________(attract) clothes
【1-2024一中高二下月考1】In Europe, most of the tourists were attracted ____________ these beautiful artworks.
8. over time随着时间流逝,久而久之
◎If you focus your attention on your study, you will make advances over time.如果你将注意力集中在学习上，久而久之你会有进步。
◎Zongzi was traditionally made in honor of Qu Yuan. But over time ,it has been more and more common. 粽子传统上是为了纪念屈原。但是随着时间流逝,它正变得越来越普遍。
◎We know that anything can be achieved over a cup of tea. 我们知道任何事喝着茶就能完成。
【词块积累】
over a cup of coffee/ tea 　　 一杯咖啡或茶的功夫 边喝咖啡/茶边做……
over dinner 在吃晚饭的时候
over the last/past few years 在过去的一些年里
【习题】
【2023长郡高一上月考1】My language skills ________________(improve) over time.
【2024一中高二下期末】Over time, Baiyangdian Lake ____________ (remain) steadfast (不变的) in fulfilling crucial ecological roles from storing floodwater to regulating the climate.
Sentences
9. Learning in English was a great challenge for me.
在全英语环境中学习对我来说是一个巨大的挑战。
　　本句是一个简单句。句中Learning in English为动名词作主语。动名词作主语一般表示经常性、习惯性的动作。
◎Traveling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. 沿着古老的“丝绸之路”旅行是一次有趣、有益的经历。
◎Shopping on the Internet is becoming more and more popular. 网上购物正变得越来越流行。
◎Getting along well with them is an important part of my personal development. 与他们相处融洽是我个人发展中重要的一部分。
动名词作主语两点提醒
(1)动名词常常被看作是不可数名词,作主语时,谓语用第三人称单数形式。
(2)动名词有时用it作形式主语,而把动名词后置。
◎It’s a waste of time playing video games every day. 每天玩电子游戏简直就是浪费时间。
【习题】
________(learn) to speak simple Chinese well is the first thing to do.
It is no good _______(talk) to him, because he never listens.
_______(take) more exercise can not only rest your brain but also build up your body.
10. Although there was not as much homework as I was used to, it was still challenging.
尽管没有过去的作业那么多,但是仍然很有挑战性。
　　本句是一个复合句。句中Although引导让步状语从句。从句中“as+形容词或副词原级+as. . . ”表示同级比较，意为：和……一样……。其中第一个as为副词,第二个as为连词,常用于引导一个比较状语从句。
◎Although he grew up speaking both Spanish and English, he still did not feel his English ability was very strong. 尽管他长大过程中说西班牙语和英语,但是他仍然没感觉他的英语能力有多强。
◎I no longer see as much wildlife in the countryside as I used to. 我在乡下再也看不到以前那样多的野生动物了。
◎Search on the Internet to get as much relative employment information as possible. 在网上搜索获得尽可能多的有关招聘的信息。
★as. . . as. . . 的具体结构
as+adj. /adv. +as. . .
as+adj. +a/an+可数名词的单数+as. . .
as+much+不可数名词+as. . .
as+many+可数名词的复数+as. . .
否定形式：not as/so. . . as. . .
【习题】
(1)He doesn’t make _________________________he did before. 他不像以前那样犯如此多的错误了。
(2)We’d better spend _____________________we can with friends and family members. 我们最好与朋友和家人尽可能多地待在一起。
(3) _________________40 percent of American workers don’t even bother to take vacations. 多达40%的美国工人甚至懒得去度假。必修一 Unit 2 知识点
必修一U2【Reading语法】
●Reading
Words
provide
v. 提供，供给，供应
【拓展】
★provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb.提供给某人某物
★offer sb sth=offer sth to sb；
★supply sb with sth=supply sth to sb
◎Many volunteers provide voluntary services at the local hospital every weekend.许多志愿者每个周末在当地医院提供志愿服务。
【习题】
【2022长郡高一上期中】They can prevent bad behavior and conflict, encourage success in school and provide the ____________(base) for a larger network of associations that will be helpful later in life.
basis
【2023一中高一上月考1】In September this year, when Ryder started kindergarten, Tim put up a patio(露天) umbrella at the end of his driveway ____________ (provide) some shelter.
to provide
【2023雅礼高一上月考1】By adjusting your sleep schedule ____________ (provide) a few more hours of meaningful rest, you can fight laziness throughout the day.
to provide
【2024长郡高一上期末】Residence halls have university staff and 24-hour assistants that provide ____________ (guide) and lead social activities.
guidance
argue
v.争吵，争辩，争论；说理，论证；说服
【变形】argument n.争吵,争论；论据,理由,论点
【拓展】
★have an argument with sb. about/over sth. 就某事与某人争论
get into an argument with sb 与某人争吵起来
beyond argument 无可争辩
No argument. 没得商量
★argue with sb. about/over sth. 就某事与某人争论
argue for/against 据理赞成/反对……
argue sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事
argue sb. out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事
argue that… 竭力主张/认为…
◎They had a heated argument about politics and continued to argue for hours.他们关于政治问题进行了激烈的争论，并持续争辩了数小时。
◎There are strong arguments for and against it.对此支持和反对者都有强有力的论据。
【习题】
However, avoid some subjects that may cause ____________ (argue).
arguments
anxious
adj.忧虑的，担心的；令人焦虑的；渴望的
【变形】anxiously adv. 忧虑地，不安地
【变形】anxiety n.忧虑，担心，渴望
【拓展】
★be anxious about sth. 为某事担忧
be anxious to do sth. 渴望做某事
be anxious for sth. 渴望(得到)某物
-ety/-ity/-ty n. 状态，性质， 抽象名词 society 社会 (soci 同伴，联合) variety 多样性，种类 (vari 变化) anxiety 焦虑 (anx 挤压，不安) severity 严重性，严厉程度 (sever 严厉的) minority 少数 (minor 较小的) majority 多数 (major 较大的) equality 平等 (equal相等的) poverty 贫穷 (pover 贫乏) safety 安全 (safe 安全的) cruelty 残忍，残酷行为 (cruel 残忍的) loyalty 忠诚 (loyal 忠诚的)
◎He seemed anxious about the coming College Entrance Examination.他似乎对接下来的高考忧心忡忡。
◎She was anxious to finish school and get a job.她渴望毕业找一份工作。
◎The parents of those two children were waiting anxiously outside the hall.那两个孩子的家长在大厅外焦急地等待着。
【习题】
【2022长郡高一上期中】The summer before high school came, I was ____________ (anxiety) to join the high school team.
anxious
【2022雅礼高一上月考3】You may feel ____________ (anxiety) that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, shooting up in height or getting left far behind.
anxious
【2023附中高一上月考1】He is anxious ___________ his skin because it has started to become very oily, with lots of red spots.
about
【2024长郡高一上期中】She stepped on the solar cover and put her foot through it and she was ____________ (anxiety) trying to get free.
anxiously
【2024名校联考高一上联考2】Meanwhile, as darkness started to fall, their parents back at the campsite became very anxious ___________ the boys had not returned.
that
【3-2024实验高一下期末】Every time I find myself ____________ (anxiety) about the future, I take a step back, recenter myself and live my life as an adolescent, not an adult-to-be.
anxious
【2022雅礼高二上月考3】When I hugged my customers, I could see their tension and ______________(anxious) melt away.
anxiety
shoot
v.射击，发射；打猎；飞驰；拍摄
【变形】shooting n.枪杀，射击，狩猎
【变形】shot n.射击；镜头，发射
【拓展】
★shoot at ... 射击(表示动作，不一定射中)
shoot up 射出；发芽；暴涨；快速长高，蹿个儿
shoot sb. dead 开枪打死某人
shoot oneself in the foot 搬起石头砸自己的脚，自找麻烦
shoot ... in the head/ back/leg 射击…...的头部背部/腿部
shoot to fame 一举成名
shoot to number one/the top of the charts 蹿升到第一名/直冲排行榜榜首
shoot down 击毙，击落
shoot a movie 拍电影
★be shot dead 被击毙
◎You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, shooting up in height or getting left far behind.你可能会感到焦虑,因为你的成长速度与你的朋友们不同,你的身高在猛增,或者被远远甩在后面。
◎Where was the movie shot 那部电影是在哪儿拍的？
◎He admitted that he had shot the bear in the leg.他承认他开枪射中了熊的腿部。
spot
n.斑点；污点；场所；地点；粉刺
v.看见；看出；发现
【拓展】
★hotspot 热点；过热点
★scenic spot 风景区；景点
bright spot 光点；辉点；高兴的事
on the spot 立刻，当场；在危险中
put sb on the spot （故意提出难题）使某人难堪
as a spot of 少量的；一点儿
spot market 现货市场
【2025长郡高二上期末】Neither of them____________(spot) the warbler, but her father had an amazing way of making each outing seem special.
had spotted
【2025湖南名校名师高三下猜题卷（A）】This neural (神经的) “sweet spot”____________
(create) a safe space to process complex emotions without real-world risks, like emotional weightlifting that strengthens our resilience (恢复力).
creates
【1-2024长郡高三下适应2】Let’s look at the San Francisco Bay Area which is another one of my favorite vacation ____________(spot).
spots
【4-2024附中高三上月考4】Why don’t we create a place___________ others can do the same, a central spot where everyone can read about these stories.
where
anger
n.[uc.] 愤怒，怒火
vt.使生气，激怒→angers→angering→angered
【变形】angry adj. 生气的
【变形】angrily adv. 生气地
-ry n. 状态，性质， 抽象名词 trickery 欺骗行为 (trick 把戏) slavery 奴役状态 (slave 奴隶) bravery 勇敢 (brave 勇敢的) rivalry 竞争 (rival = river 竞争的) mimicry 模仿 (mimic 模仿者)
n. 行业，学科，场所 bakery 面包房，烘焙坊 (bake 烘焙) brewery 酿酒厂 (brew 酿酒) laundry 洗衣房 (launder 洗衣，浆洗)
n. 集合名词后缀 poetry 诗歌，诗集 (poet 诗人) peasantry 农民，农民阶级 (peasant 农民) citizenry 全体市民 (citizen 公民)
【拓展】
★anger the gods 触怒众神
anger at... 对......的愤怒
★be angry at/about sth. 因为某事而生气
be angry with sb. 生某人的气
★target of anger 发怒的对象
to one’s anger 让某人生气的是
do sth in anger 生气地做某事
leave in anger 愤然离去
express anger 表示愤怒
◎His sudden anger made him speak angrily, his face turning red with angry frustration.他突然的愤怒让他说话怒气冲冲，生气的挫败感使他脸色通红。
◎Jan slammed her fist on the desk in anger .简气愤地捶打桌子。
◎The question clearly angered him.这个问题显然激怒了他。
◎As he was angry with his father, he left his home one night.因为他生他爸的气，他有一天晚上离开了家。
【习题】
【2022雅礼高二上月考3】When it all gets too much, your parents are often the first targets of your ____________ (angry).
anger
【2023一中高一下入学考】She didn’t react, but rather stormed away, her anger
(change).
changing
【2024一中高一上期中】He was able to turn his anger for the mistake positive energy.
into
【2023雅礼高二下期中】Such _____________ (danger) can have disastrous outcomes not only for the sites themselves, but also for people.
dangers
【2023长郡高二下入学考】This time, we managed to get in front of it, stopping to photograph it and racing back to the car _____________(avoid) its extreme anger.
to avoid
desire
n.渴望；欲望；渴求；渴望的人或物
vt.希望得到；想要
【变形】desirable adj. 令人满意的;值得要的
【变形】desired adj.渴望的;想要的
【拓展】
★desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
desire power 渴望拥有权力
★have a strong desire to do sth. 迫切想要做某事
have a strong desire for sth. 急于想得到某物
satisfy one’s desire(s) 满足某人的欲望
★the desired effect 想要的效果
-able /-ible a. 能够……的， 可以被……的 changeable 可改变的 inflammable 可燃的 (flam 火焰) usable 能被使用的 comfortable 舒服的 (fort 支撑，强) valuable 有价值的 acceptable 可接受的 possible 可能的 (poss 能够) visible 可被看见的 (vis 看) terrible 可怕的 (terr 恐惧) credible 可信的 (cred 相信) audible 能被听见的 (audi 听，声音) edible 可食用的 (ed 吃) reliable 可靠的 (rely 依赖)
◎You have both a new desire for independence and a continued need for your parents’ love and support.你既对独立有新的渴望,又对父母的爱和支持有不断的需求。
◎The medicine did not achieve the desired effect. 这药未达到预期效果。
【习题】
【2024一中高一上期中】It is not only _____________ desire to beat others.
a
【2023附中高一上月考1】This accident motivated me and awoke my desire _____________ learning.
for
【2023附中高一上月考1】You have both a new desire for _________(independent) and a continued need for your parents’ love and support.
independence
【2023附中高一上月考1】A few clicks on the phone can bring people whatever their heart or stomach_________________ (desire).
desires
struggle
n.[c.]斗争，努力；搏斗，扭打；难事
vi.努力；艰难地行进；斗争；扭打
【拓展】
★struggle to do sth. 努力做某事，挣扎着做某事
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
struggle to control your feelings 努力控制自己的情绪
struggle with/against 与……作斗争
struggle with the stress 与压力作斗争
struggle for sth. 为…奋斗；为…争斗
struggle through 通过奋力艰难地渡过
★endless struggle 奋斗不息
the struggle between good and evil 善恶之争
It is a struggle for sb to do sth 做某事对某人来说是难事
◎I struggled up the hill with the heavy bags. 我背着几个沉重的包吃力地爬上山去。
◎It was a real struggle to be ready on time.要按时做好准备非易事。
◎They struggled just to pay their bills. 他们辛苦所得仅敷日用。
◎He struggled against cancer for two years. 他同癌症抗争了两年。
◎It was a real struggle to be ready on time. 要按时做好准备确非易事。
◎Shona struggled for breath . 肖娜艰难地喘着气。
【习题】
【2022雨花区高一上期末】In fact, Jennifer ______________ (struggle) with eating problems for a long time.
has struggled
【2023一中高一上月考3】She ______________ (struggle) with eating problems for a long time, for she thought skipping meals would be a simple way to reach her target weight.
had struggled
【3-2024实验高一下期末】Now that ______________ (struggle) is pulling down your team’s performance.
struggle
【3-2024实验高一下期末】Each emotional character serves as a metaphor for various aspects of Riley’s life, reflecting her ______________ (struggle) and achievements.
struggles
【2023高二长郡模块检测1】As she watched him______________ (sweat) and struggle while hauling it up the stairs.
sweat
breakdown
n. [C]故障:崩溃;分解;破裂
◎Here is the breakdown of the emission in 2018 for different modes of transport.
【拓展1】
★break into 强行闯入
break off 折断
break out 爆发
break up 分手；解体
★breakdown in your relationship 关系破裂
【拓展2】
★blow up 爆炸 → blowup _____________
break down 出故障 → breakdown _____________
come back 返回；复苏；重现 → comeback _____________
cut off 切断；中断；隔绝 → cutoff _____________
fall off 偏离航向；下降 → falloff _____________
★break out 爆发 → outbreak _____________
come in 进来 → income _____________
come out 出现，结果是 → outcome _____________
look over 审视，检查 → overlook _____________
go out 外出 → outgoing _____________
put out 生产，输出 → output _____________
take in 吸收；欣赏 → intake _____________
stand out 突出 → outstanding _____________
speak out 大胆说出 → outspoken _____________
set up 设置 → upset _____________
爆炸；放大（的照片）
故障；（关系的）破裂；精神崩溃
回归；复出；东山再起
切断；截止；分界线
减少；下降；掉落
爆发（尤指战争、疾病）
收入
结果；成果
忽视；俯瞰
外向的；外出的
产量；输出
摄入量；吸入
杰出的；突出的
直言不讳的；坦率的
打乱（计划）；心烦意乱的
regular
adj. 规则的；有规律的；间隙均匀的；定时的
n.[C]常客；老主顾
n.[C]主力（或正式）队员；（电视节目的）老主持人；经常参加某项活动的人
【变形】irregular adj.不规律的，不正常的
【变形】regularly adv.有规律地；经常
【变形】regularity n.规律性；经常性；端正；匀称；有规则的东西；有规律的事物
【变形】regulate v 调节；调整
【拓展】
★regular communication 定期的交流
regular visitor 常客
regular meetings/visits 例行会议/访问
★a regular pulse/heartbeat 正常的脉搏/心跳
the regular price平常的价格
live a regular life 过着有规律的生活
on a regular basis定期
★regulate the global climate 调节全球气候
-ate v.[footnoteRef:0] [0: -ate是经典的动词后缀，很多-ate结尾的动词可以直接活用作形容词或名词。不需要变形] 做，造成 create 创造，创建 (cre/creat生长，产生) separate 分开，分离 (par 分开) celebrate 庆祝 (celebr 公开，隆重) decorate 装修 (décor 装饰品) graduate 毕业 (grad 步伐，级别)
a. 有……性质的 处于……状态的 separate 分开的，单独的 fortunate 幸运的 (fortun 运气) moderate 适度的，温和的 (moder 适度) immediate 立刻的，直接的 (medi 中间)[footnoteRef:1] [1: im没有+medi中间+ate形容词：没有中间环节的，也就是立即的，立刻的] adequate 足够的，相当的 (equ 相等)
n. 人，身份，职位 graduate 毕业生 delegate 代表 (leg 选择)[footnoteRef:2] [2: 与词根lec和lect同源，如select, elect等单词] candidate 候选人 (candid 白，公开) climate 气候 (clim 倾斜)[footnoteRef:3] [3: 气候与地球的倾斜角度有关。其中clim词根为clin的变体，如incline等单词]
◎She maintains a regular exercise routine, working out regularly three times a week.她保持着规律的锻炼习惯，定期每周锻炼三次。
◎What’s more, they should keep regular hours and get plenty of exercise to stay energetic and fit.此外，他们应该保持规律的作息时间，并进行大量的运动，以保持精力充沛和身体健康。
a face with regular features 均匀的；端正的；齐整的
a regular income 持久的；稳定的；固定的
our regular customer/ visitor 经常做某事的；常去某地的
I couldn't see my regular doctor today. 定期的
He's just a regular guy who loves his dog. 普通的
Do you take regular exercise 频繁的；经常做（或发生）的
【习题】
【2022雨花区高一上】They _________ (regular) skip meals and even eat weight-loss pills.
regularly
【2023雅礼高一上】Finally, taking exercise _________(regular) can help you fight laziness.
regularly
【2022师大附中高一下】More than 10,000 users visit the website on ___________regular basis.
a
【2023高二长郡1】They should be suggested as part of ___________ regular reading campaign.
a
【1-2024南雅高二下月考1】If a regular present ___________(be not) doing the trick, it may be time to think a little bigger.
isn’t
calm
adj. 镇静的；风平浪静的，无风的
vt. 使平（镇）静
n. 平静的时期；宁静的状态
n. 泰然自若
【变形】calmly adv.镇静地
【变形】calmness n. 平静，镇定
【拓展1】
★stay/keep/remain calm保持冷静
a calm sea平静的海面
a calm night无风的夜晚
★calm oneself使自己平静下来
calm down （使）平静，镇静
calm sb. /sth. down使……平静；使……镇静
★the calm of a summer evening夏日夜晚的宁静
the calm before the storm暴风雨（或大动荡、激烈辩论）前的平静
【拓展2】
◎You should stay calm even in an emergency.
◎Could you keep the kids quiet while I'm on the phone
◎Keep still. The photographer is ready.
◎He was silent for a moment , and then began his answer.
calm/quiet/still/silent/peaceful 区分
calm “平静的，镇静的”，指人的心情是不激动的，水面无波浪的，或一个地方/时期是稳定的
quiet “安静的”，指不吵闹的，或心情不烦躁的(without being noisy)
still “静止的，不动的”，指（人/物体）不运动的(without moving)
silent “沉默的，寂静的”，指不讲话或者没有声音(without speaking)
peaceful “平静，安宁的”的状态，指安宁，和谐，没有冲突，动荡，描述环境，社会氛围或心境
◎His presence had a calming influence. 有他在对大家的情绪有稳定作用。
◎Her previous calm gave way to terror. 她先前的泰然自若已变为惊恐。
◎I placed the chick in the nest，and it quickly calmed down .我把小鸟放进窝里，它很快就平静了下来。
◎He struggled to calm himself down to avoid an argument.他拼命地使自己冷静下来，为的是避免争吵。
◎The man was dealing with such a situation calmly at the time.当时那个人正冷静地处理这种情况。
【习题】
【2022雅礼高一上月考3】Practicing yoga builds you mental_____________(calm), focus, balance, and relax yourself.
calmness
【2023一中高一上月考1】Instead, __________(calm) yourself until you can analyze the logic behind your bad feeling.
calm
【2023长郡高一下月考1】Practising your performance and following some simple tips can help __________(calm) nerves (神经紧张) and manage the feelings caused by anxiety.
calm
【2022南雅高二上期中】Develop a __________(calm) routine before bed to help your body and mind relax.
calming
【1-2024麓山高二上月考1】Anderson might tell them to imagine a __________(calm) and leisurely walk or a ship being tossed(颠簸) by waves.
calm
concern
vt.涉及；让(某人)担忧；(对……)感兴趣；与……有关
n. [U/C]（尤指许多人共同的）担心，忧虑
n. [U] 关爱；关心
n. [C]（对人、组织等）重要的事情
n. [C,usually sing.]（某人）负责的事，有权知道的事
n. [C] 公司；商行；企业
【变形】concerned adj. 担心的；忧虑的；(与某事)有关的
【变形】concerning prep. 关于；涉及
【拓展】
★It concerns me that... 让我担心的是......
show/express concern about/for/over … 对……表示担心/关心
be concerned with/about/ for/over …（尤指许多人共同的）对… 担心或忧虑
… concern sb 某事/某人使某人担心
with concern 关切地
a concerned look关注的目光
concerned parents 忧心忡忡的父母
a concern about security对安全问题的担忧
the main concern主要关心的事
★be concerned with 与…有关；涉及
as far as sb be concerned 就某人而言 as far as I’m concerned就我而言
concerning oneself with/ in sth 关注/涉及/参与某事
the parties concerned 有关各方
the people concerned涉及的人
questions concerning the book涉及这本书的问题
cases concerning children 有关孩子的案件/事件
★concern yourself with/about sth（对…）感兴趣
★be concerned to do sth 认为（做某事）重要
◎Her main concern was the safety of her children, looking concerned as she spoke concerning the incident.她主要的担忧是孩子们的安全，在谈及这起事件时显得很忧虑。
◎After you have thought it through, explain your actions and feelings calmly, listen carefully, and address their concerns.在你全面考虑之后,平静地解释你的行为和感受,仔细倾听,并设法解决他们的担忧。
◎Don't be concerned with your current size; be concerned with the direction that you're traveling in. 不要在乎眼前的大小，关注你行走的方向。
◎She hasn't been seen for four days and there is concern for her safety. 她已四天不见踪影，大家对她的安全很担心。
◎He asked several questions concerning the future of the company. 他问了几个有关公司前途的问题。
【习题】
The loss was a tragedy for all concerned. 这损失对有关各方来说都是极大的不幸。
This chapter concerns itself with the historical background. 本章旨在讲述历史背景。
It concerns me that you no longer seem to care. 你似乎不再在乎，这令我担忧。
He didn't concern himself with the details. 他对细节不感兴趣。
【2022雅礼高一上月考3】He asked the officials _________ (concern) to put safety at the first place.
concerned
【2023长郡高一上期中】At the same time, listen to their _________ (concern) and be respectful to them.
concerns
【2023高二长郡模块】Scientists are now concerned _________ if we don’t clean it up, we may all be in great danger.
that
【2022南雅高二上期中】Museums aren’t a burden on tax revenue (税收) or _________ separate concern from other city projects.
a
【2022雅礼高二下期末】Gardening can allow you to reduce daily _________ (concern) as you can harvest a lot from your space.
concerns
【2022雅礼高二下期末】His playing partner heard what she could only describe as a seizure, so she started to get ____________ (concern) and asked what was going on and if he was OK.
concerned
stress
n.[U]精神紧张；压力；重音；强调
vt.强调，着重；重读
【变形】stressed adj. 焦虑的；紧张的
【变形】stressful adj. 充满压力的；紧张的
【拓展】
★stress out (使)焦虑不安，疲惫不堪
be stressed out紧张的,焦虑不安的
★stress that...强调……
stress the importance of...强调……的重要性
★place/put/lay stress on ...强调/重视……;对……施加压力
cause stress 引起压力
reduce stress 减轻压力
under stress处于压力下
◎She lays great stress on punctuality. 她十分注重守时。
◎‘There is,’Johnson stressed,‘no real alternative.’
◎I try not to stress out when things go wrong. 出问题时，我尽量不紧张。
【习题】
【2022长郡高一上期末】Habits like these put stress_________ the body，and if they maintain over the long term, can become a serious health risk．
on
【2022雅礼高一下】The stress of this situation _________(be) killing me, and I’m at a loss of what to do next.
is
【2022一中高二上联考】He didn’t answer but started putting a tourniquet (止血带) on my arm and handed me _________ stress ball.
a
【2023长郡高二下入学考】Someone might be _________(stress) with a heavy workload.
stressed
【0-2024雅礼高二上入学】Researchers show that after just 2-3 days of practicing thinking for 10 minutes, your brain will be able to focus better, you will have more energy, and you will be ________ stressed.
less
see eye to eye with
(在某事上)与某人看法一致
【拓展】
★have a good eye for sth. 对……有鉴赏力
have one’s eye on 密切注视；监视
in sb.’s eyes 依某人看
keep an eye on 照看；注意
close one’s eyes to 对……视而不见
◎The woman has a good eye for music, which amazes all of us.这个女人对音乐很有鉴赏力，这使我们大家都很吃惊。
◎Can you have your eye on my bag while I go to the bathroom 我去卫生间时，你可以帮我看着包吗？
◎You can’t just close your eyes to his bad behavior.你不能对他的不良行为视而不见。
15.lead to
导致；造成(后果) ；通向......(to为介词，该短语后跟名词或动名词)
◎This has led the scientist to solutions to the problem.这就使得科学家不得不想其他解决问题的方法。
◎This is the only way to lead to the village.这是通往村庄的唯一道路。
◎Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。
◎What led you to this conclusion 你是如何得出这个结论的？
◎The loss of primates would lead to(导致) negative effects on the ecosystem.
【拓展1】
lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事
lead +n. +to sth. 引导……到……
lead /live a … life 过……样的生活
lead the way 引路；带路
【拓展2】
导致result in= contribute to= make for
【习题】
【2022雨花区高一上期末】Some of these behaviors can lead to _________(eat) disorders, which can be harmful to your health.
eating
【2023长郡高一上月考1】Showing genuine relationship will ultimately lead to complete_________(success).
success
【2023长郡高二下期末】Eventually, she got to the point that just telling her not to smile would lead to ________ giant smile.
a
16.think sth. through
充分考虑，全盘考虑，想透
◎After you have thought it through, explain your actions …
◎Everyone in the village thinks highly/much of the young man.这个村子里的每个人都对这个年轻人评价很高。
◎I’ve been trying to think back to that last evening.我一直在努力回想最后的那个晚上。
◎Let’s think over his proposal before we see him again.让我们仔细考虑他的建议后和他见面。
◎She had to think up a good reason for being late.她不得不为迟到编一个像样的理由。
【拓展】
think highly/much of 高度评价
think about 考虑
think of 想起
think back 回想
think over 仔细考虑
think up 想出；编造出
turn out
结果是，原来是
【拓展】
turn to 求助于；致力于；转向；翻至(某一页)
turn down 拒绝；把……调低
turn up 出现；把……调高
turn over 翻过来；移交
◎Everything will turn out all right in the end, and the changes and challenges of your teenage years will prepare you for adulthood.
◎It turns out that this method doesn’t work well. 结果是这方法不太管用。
◎I thought I had lost my keys, but it turns out they were in my bag all along. 我以为我把钥匙丢了，结果证明它们一直在我的包里。
◎We were worried about the weather for our outdoor party, but it turns out the sun came out and it was a beautiful day. 我们担心户外聚会的天气，但结果天气放晴了，是个美好的一天。
◎I was skeptical about the new restaurant, but it turns out the food is amazing and the service is excellent. 我对这家新餐厅持怀疑态度，结果事实证明食物非常好吃，服务也很出色。
【0-2024长郡高二上入学】Researchers ________________(collect) data on various kinds of choices people make, the information they base those choices on, and how things turn out.
have collected
必修一U2【Grammar语法】
●Grammar & Integrated skills
Words
design
vt.设计;制订
n. [U/C]设计；布局；安排
[U] 设计艺术；构思
[C]~ (for sth)设计图样；设计方案
[C]装饰图案；花纹
[U/C]打算；意图；目的
【变形】designer n. 设计师
【拓展】
★design...for 为……而设计
be designed for 为… 而设计的；为… 而打算的
be designed as 为…目的或用途而设计或制造
be designed to do sth. 目的是为了做某事
★by design 故意的
have designs on sb（sth） 企图占有某人（某物）
floral/abstract/geometric designs 花卉/抽象/几何图案
◎So, we have designed Teen Health Web to help you along the journey to adulthood.所以我们设计了青少年健康网来帮助你走向成年。
◎The magazine will appear in a new design from next month. 从下月起这本杂志将以新的设计问世。
◎This game is designed for entertainment and education.这款游戏是为娱乐和教育而设计的。
◎This is not an accident, but rather, by design. 但这不是偶然，而是精心设计的结果。
◎It is all part of his grand design.这都是他宏图大略的一部分。
◎The famous designer will design a new collection for the fashion show.这位著名设计师将为时装秀设计一个新系列。
【习题】
【2024一中高一上月考1】These may ________________(design) with flowers or other gardening pictures on them, or they may be personalized for the gift receiver.
be designed
【2024一中高一上月考1】Consider_________design of the garden before buying any gifts for it.
the
address
vt.设法解决；处理；认为；对…说话；称呼(某人)；演说；写(收信人)姓名地址；提交
n.住址，地址；(互联网等的)地址
【习题】
Being quick minded and good at communicating with people, the young man was appointed to address the tough problem. ____________
We should address ourselves to environmental problems. ____________
I was surprised when he addressed me in English. ____________
The judge should be addressed as “Your Honor”. ____________
The manager said that I should address my application to the Personnel Manager. ____________
解决 设法解决 说话 称呼 提交
【2022长郡高一上期末】When you're giving a speech, there isn't a one-stop-shop approach that ________________ every individual．
will address
【2024麓山高一上适应性1】Consider whether you ____________________(address) other experts in the same field or beginners with limited knowledge around the topic. Adjust your speech to target these two types of audience.
are addressing
【2024麓山高一上适应性1】After you have thought it through, explain your actions and feelings, listen carefully, and ____________(address) their concerns.
address
unique
adj. 唯一的；独一无二的
独特的；罕见的
（某人、地或事物）独具的，特有的
【变形】uniquely adv. 独特地，珍奇地
【变形】uniqueness n. 独特性；独一无二
【拓展】
★be unique to... ……来说是独特的
a unique chance/ opportunity 独特的机会
a unique talent 难得的人才
★local uniqueness 地域特殊性
◎This painting is uniquely beautiful, its uniqueness making it priceless.这幅画独具美感，它的独特性使其价值连城。
◎Everyone's fingerprints are unique. 人的指纹都是独一无二的。
◎The koala is unique to Australia. 树袋熊是澳大利亚独有的。
【习题】
【2023南雅高二上月考1】________ unique kind of mooncake - filled with mature vinegar - recently attracted followers in Taiyuan，Shanxi province．
A
【2023南雅高二上月考1】The filling of this unique flavor mooncake is made________ brown sugar, flour, and signature hot pot broth, putting a new twist on this traditionally sweet dessert．
of
【2023附中高一下月考1】Everybody seems to have_______ unique way to speak several languages fluently.
a
【2024长郡高一下检测】Each story shows a unique immigrant experience _______ characters move between cultures and countries.
as
【2024长郡高一下适应性检测】Unlike most national parks that are surrounded by wilderness, Hot Springs National Park is located in the city of Hot Springs, ______________(create) a unique mix of natural wonders and city life.
creating
【2024一中高一下期中】In the face of rejection, this tough 13-year-old chose to dance rather than sit by and let it define her, inspiring us all to embrace our ______________(unique) and find joy in every moment.
uniqueness
performance
n. [C] 表演；演出
[C] 艺术上的表现；演技
[U/C] 表现；性能；业绩；工作情况
【变形】performer n. 执行者;表演者
【变形】perform v. 表现;表演,演出;做，履行，执行
【拓展】
★put on/give a performance 表演；演出
a live performance 一次现场演出
outstanding performance 杰出的表现
academic performance 学业表现，学习成绩
the country's economic performance国家经济状况
high-performance cars高性能汽车
★perform the role of… 扮演……角色
perform a(n)...role in... 在......中起……作用
perform a key/vital role in….在…中扮演关键/至关重要的角色
perform one's duty/ promise 尽某人的责任/履行某人的承诺
perform an operation/experiment 做手术/实验
◎The performer will perform a new act in tonight's performance.这位表演者将在今晚的演出中表演一个新节目。
◎Throughout the trip, their performance is assessed by Mei on a daily basis(每天).
-ance /-ancy -ence /-ency n. 性质，状况， 结果，行为 acceptance 接受 importance 重要性 appearance 外观，外表 distance 距离 (dis分开 + st 站立) entrance 入口 (trance 进入) balance 平衡 (lance 天平称重) guidance 指引，指导 (guid 引导) vacancy 空缺 (vac 空缺) constancy 坚定 (stan 站立) experience 经历，经验 (peri 尝试) absence 缺席 (sent 存在，送，说) silence 沉默 (sil 安静) fluency 流利度 (flu 流动) urgency 紧急 (urg 推动) tendency 趋势 (tend 倾向)
【习题】
【2022师大附中高一上月考3】Be sure to back up your thoughts with specifics ---- ________ disappointing performance, a ridiculous plot, original special visual effects, and so on.
a
【2023一中高一上期中】Additionally, in the afternoon and evening, your reaction time is quickest, and your heart rate and blood pressure are lowest, which reduce your chance of injury while _______________(improve) your performance.
improving
【2023一中高一上期中】For example, your body's ability _________(perform) is at its best in the afternoon.
to perform
【2023长郡高一上】Now that struggler is pulling down your _________(team) performance.
team’s
【2023长郡高一下月考1】Practising your ________________(perform) and following some simple tips can help calm nerves (神经紧张) and manage the feelings caused by anxiety.
performance
【2023附中高一下期末】Not long after, he began to be appreciated for his piano _____________ (perform) .
performances
press
n. 报纸杂志；报刊
记者；新闻工作者；新闻界
[C]出版社；印刷所
[C] (尤用于构成复合词) 压平机；压榨机；榨汁机
v. （被）压，挤，推，施加压力
按，压（使启动）
将…塞进；把…按入
（深情地）紧握（某人的手或臂）
（向…）拥挤，推搡着移动
催促；敦促；逼迫
熨平；烫平
【变形】pressure n.[U]压力
【拓展】
★press sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事
press on (不顾困难)继续进行
press a button/switch/key 按下按钮╱开关；按键
★under the pressure of 在……的压力下
put pressure on sb. 压迫某人
relieve pressure 缓解压力
★the local/national/foreign press 地方/全国/外国报刊
Oxford University Press 牛津大学出版社
a garlic press 压蒜器
-ture/-ure [footnoteRef:4] [4: 由于-ure词缀几乎总是加在以t结尾的词根或单词之后的，所以可以把-ure看成是-ture。另，当词根或单词以s结尾时，会变形成-sure] (-sure) n. 表达行为，过程，结果，状态，结构 structure 结构，构造 (struct 建造) culture 文化 (cult 耕作，培养) nature 自然，本性 (nat 出生) picture 图片，图像 (pict 绘画) capture 捕获 (capt 抓住) lecture 讲座，讲课 (lect 读) manufacture 制造 (manu = mani 手, fact = 做) furniture 家具 (furn 提供) temperature 温度 (temper 调节) [footnoteRef:5] [5: 注意将temper这个词根，与temp / tempo（时间）区分开] torture 折磨，酷刑 (tort 扭曲) departure 离开 (de 强调 + part 部分，分开) closure 关闭，结束 (clos 关) exposure 暴露 (ex 外 + pos 放)
◎The press reported on how work pressure can press people to their limits.媒体报道了工作压力如何将人们逼迫到极限。
◎She pressed her lips together.她紧抿着双唇。
◎The photographers pressed around the royal visitors. 摄影记者在王室贵宾周围挤来挤去。
◎If pressed , he will admit it. 如果逼问他，他就会承认。
◎My suit needs pressing. 我的西服该熨了。
【习题】
【2022雅礼高一上月考1】Other factors that cause changes include water temperature, air-_____________(press), seasons of the year, the presence of ice and snow, and the amount of salt in the water.
pressure
【2024二附中高一上】It is really full of pressure as most of the kids get good___________(press) and try to be the best ones.
pressure
【2023附中高一下期末】When people are facing big pressure __________ work or life, writing a song with someone across the ocean made them feel less trapped.
from
【2023一中高一下入学考】Because she began to feel a strong sense of fear and pressure when
(stand) on the stage.
standing
eager
adj.热切的，渴望的，渴求的
【变形】eagerness n. 渴望，热切
【变形】eagerly adv. 热心地；急切地
【拓展】
★be eager for sth. 渴望得到某物
be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事
eager crowds outside the stadium 体育场外急不可耐的观众。
★long for sth. 渴望得到某物
long to do sth. 渴望做某事
◎I’m eager for my parents’ love.
◎The children waited eagerly for Christmas, their eagerness visible in their excited chatter.孩子们急切地等待圣诞节，他们兴奋的交谈显示出强烈的渴望。
◎She is eager for her parents' approval. 她渴望得到父母的赞许。
【习题】
【2024长郡高一上期末】This aroused my curiosity and imagination about those places and thus made me eager __________ (remember) my geography and history lessons because they were tied to places I'd "seen".
to remember
flexible
adj. 灵活的，可变动的；柔韧的；可弯曲的；有弹性的
【变形】flexibly adv. adv.灵动地
【变形】flexibility n. 灵活性；柔韧性
【变形】inflexible adj.不灵动的
【拓展】
★flexible working hours 弹性工作时间
flexible plastic tubing 挠性塑料管
a more flexible approach 更灵活的方法
-able /-ible a. 能够……的， 可以被……的 changeable 可改变的 inflammable 可燃的 (flam 火焰) usable 能被使用的 comfortable 舒服的 (fort 支撑，强) valuable 有价值的 acceptable 可接受的 possible 可能的 (poss 能够) visible 可被看见的 (vis 看) terrible 可怕的 (terr 恐惧) credible 可信的 (cred 相信) audible 能被听见的 (audi 听，声音) edible 可食用的 (ed 吃) reliable 可靠的 (rely 依赖)
-ably /-ibly ad. 能够……地， 可以被……地 reasonably 合理地 (reason 合理) acceptably 可以接受地 noticeably 明显地 (notice 注意) dependably 值得信赖地 considerably 相当地 favorably 有利地 respectably 体面地 easily 简单地 invisibly 看不见地 flexibly 灵活地 forcibly 强行地 accessibly 容易获得地 plausibly 看似合理地
◎Yoga improves your flexibility, making your body more flexible.瑜伽能提高你的柔韧性，让你的身体更加灵活。
◎Besides, they will be faced with(面临，面对) finding appropriate food resources on the ground, thus having a broad(adj.广泛的) or flexible diet is important.
【习题】
【2023一中高一下月考3】Compassion helps your brain become _______________ (flexible), and lets your brain have a wider sense of what’s going on, and it gives you access to more ideas on how to act.
more flexible
【2022南雅高二上月考3】It has______flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.
a
give out
散发(声、光、热等)；用完，耗尽；分发
【拓展】
give away 赠送，给予；泄露
give back 归还；恢复
give off 发出(气味、气体等)
give up 放弃；戒掉
give in (to sb. /sth. ) 投降；屈服；让步；上交
give out light 发出光
give out food 分发食物
give out personal information 公布/泄露个人信息
【习题】
Finally the woman had to give _______ to her daughter.
in
The old man is very kind and he often gives _______ his money to the poor.
away
The plant gave _______ a strange smell，which made me sick.
off
I must give _______ the two books to the library before Friday.
back
cheer up
(使)变得高兴，振奋起来
【变形】cheers！ 干杯
【变形】cheer v.& n.欢呼，喝彩，加油
【变形】cheerful adj.高兴的；兴高采烈的
【拓展】
★cheer sb. on 为某人加油
◎Cathy didn’t expect any award but was still there to cheer up her friends.凯西没有期待任何奖励，但是仍旧在那里为朋友加油鼓劲。
◎They are both very cheerful in spite of their colds.他俩虽然感冒了，可都兴高采烈。
Sentences
It is likely that the matter has already been discussed on our forum.
adj.可能的，预料的，有希望的
【拓展】
★sb be likely to do sth. 可能做某事
It is likely that... 可能……
Not likely! （表示坚决不同意）绝不可能！
【变形】unlikely adj. 不大可能的
【拓展延伸】 辨析：likely, probable, possible 这三个词都有“可能的”的意思，在用法和词义上有以下区别： ①likely强调“表面上看起来很可能” probable 则强调“权衡理由后相信会发生”，虽无法确定，但却极有可能发生 possible 的发生的可能性极小 ②It is possible (for sb) to do sth / It is possible + that-clause. It is probable + that-clause。
◎It is likely that the matter has already been discussed on our forum.该问题可能已经在我们的论坛上讨论过了。
◎Tickets are likely to be expensive.入场券可能很贵。
◎It is likely that investors will face losses. 那时投资者将面临亏损是很可能的。
◎Children who feel terrible about procrastinating(拖延) are more likely to(更有可能……) have anxiety and negative feelings that will only fuel their continued procrastination.
【习题】
【2023附中高一上月考1】It is likely that the matter__________________(discuss) on our forum. In this case, you can find existing solutions and it will be easier to solve it.
has been discussed
2. There's no point in comparing you with others
★There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问……
There is no sense in doing sth. 做某事没有意义。
There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)没有必要做某事。
There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing sth. 做某事(没有)困难。
★It's no use doing sth. 做......没用。
It's useless doing sth. 做......没用。
It's no good doing sth. ......没有益处。
It's not good to do sth. ......没有益处。
3. It seems as if my grades are the most important thing in her life.
It seems as if...看起来......其中it是人称代词，并无实意，指的是某种情况；
◎It appears as if she were junior to me by several years, but in fact, she is three years older than me.看上去她好像比我小几岁，但是事实上她比我大三岁。
◎The lady conducted herself with dignity as if nothing had happened.这位女士表现自如，不失尊严，仿佛什么事情都没有发生。
◎She looks as if/as though she were ten years younger.她看起来好像年轻了十岁。
◎Tom raised his right hand as if/as though(he was) to say something.汤姆举起右手好像要说什么。
◎I can still remember, even though/even if it was so long ago.虽然那是很久以前的事,但我还能记得。
◎She’s going to have trouble finding a job even if/even though she gets her A levels.即使通过了高级证书考试,她找工作也会有困难。
4. I do as she says...
【习题】
As he was tired, he went to bed at once.____________________________因为
I met one of my friends as I was in the park. ________________________当...时候
Child as he is, he knows a lot.____________________________________尽管
Leave the papers as they are._____________________________________正如
John came as early as Mary (did)._________________________________和...一样
必修一U2【Extended reading语法】
● Extended Reading
Words
account
n.[C]账户；描述；解释
vt.认为是，视为
【拓展】
★account for 解释，是……的原因；(数量或比例上)占
on account of 因为，由于
on no account 决不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装结构)
take sth. into account 考虑到，顾及……
【习题】
I paid the cheque into my savings account. ____________
She gave the police a full account of the incident. ____________
In English law, a person is accounted innocent until he is proved guilty. ____________
Recent pressure at work may account ____________ his behavior.
The professor warned the students that __________________ should they use mobile phones in his class.
Coursework is taken ____________ account as well as exam results.
He can’t run very fast ____________ account of his bad health.
账户 解释 视为 for on no account into on
【2022附中高一上月考3】_____________ happened, we always knew we still had the Bank Account to depend upon.
Whatever
【2022一中高一下期末】Except for a small number of pages, anyone can edit articles, anonymously(匿名地) or with_________ user account.
a
【2024实验高一下期末】It sounds great to make money for doing the latest dance moves in a 15-second video, but we should feed the minds of kids and not just their bank _______________
(account).
accounts
2.secure
adj.安心的；可靠的；牢固的；安全的
vt.保护； (尤指经过努力)获得，取得，实现
【变形】security n. [U]安全工作;保护措施;保护，保障
【变形】insecure adj.不安心的
【拓展】
★a secure job/income 稳定的工作/收入
be secure from 免受…威胁
★secure a contract/deal 订立合同;达成协议
secure… against… 保护……免遭……
★sense of security 安全感
in- / im- / il- /ir- [footnoteRef:6] [6: 同化规则基本与con-相同，此处受限于篇幅不再赘述] 不，无，非，否定 (= not) incorrect 不正确的 (correct 正确的) incomplete 不完整的 (complete 完整的) inexpensive 不贵的 (expensive 昂贵的) independent 独立的 (dependent 依赖的) inactive 不活跃的 (active 活跃的) intransitive 不及物的 (transitive 及物的) impartial 不偏袒的 (partial 有偏见的) impassive 无动于衷的 (pass 感情) impeccable 无可挑剔的，无瑕疵的 (pec = pick挑) immortal 不朽的 (mortal 死亡的) impatient 不耐烦的 (patient 耐心的) impossible 不可能的 (possible 可能的) impolite 不礼貌的 (polite 有礼貌的) imperfect 不完美的 (perfect 完美的) immoral 不道德的 (moral 符合道德的) illegal 非法的 (legal 合法的) illogical 不合逻辑的 (logical 合乎逻辑的) illiterate 文盲的 (literate 文盲的) illegible 难以辨认的 (legible 清晰可读的) irregular 不规则的 (regular 规则的) irresponsible 不负责任的 (responsible 负责的) irrelevant 不相关的 (relevant 有关联的) irreplaceable 无可替代的 (replace 替换) irrefutable 无可辩驳的 (refutable 可反驳的) irrevocable 不可取消的 (revocable 可撤销的)
在内部，向内，进入 (是ex-的反义词缀) impel驱动，敦促做……事情 (pel = push 推) impulse 冲动 (pulse 跳动，脉搏) implicit 含蓄的 (plic 重叠) incentive 激励 (cent 唱歌) impersonate 扮演，模仿 (person 人) illuminate 照亮，使……明白 (lumin光 [footnoteRef:7]) [7: 物理中光通量的单位“流明”就是直接音译于这个词根] irruption 闯入，冲入 (rupt 断) irradiate 使……明亮，生辉 (radi 发光)
【习题】
【2024雅礼高三上期中】With over 20 regular programs, each lasting 10 minutes, visitors are encouraged to arrive early______________(secure) a good view of these popular shows.
to secure
【2021届一中高三月考6】I constantly felt my progress was too slow. Other students’ self-confidence and their excellent results made me feel______________(secure).
insecure
3. graduate
vt.& vi.毕业
n.毕业生
【变形】graduation n. 毕业
【拓展】
★graduate from 从……毕业
graduate in... 毕业于……专业
★a history graduate = a graduate in history 历史专业毕业生
a Yale graduate = a graduate of Yale 耶鲁大学毕业生
◎He has graduated from college for 3 years.
◎He graduated from college 3 years ago.
◎It is 3 years since he graduated from college.
【习题】
【2024长郡高一上期末】SPP invites you to join other highly motivated teens from 87 countries in our summer programs for high school______________(graduate).
graduates
【2021届一中高三月考3】I worked from the time I was four and raised seven children, all of them college______________(graduate).
graduates
【2021届一中高三月考3】I am writing to say how very much I hope that you will join us for the Dinner I am hosting for families of the ___________ (graduate) class of 2019 on 10 April 2019 at Morningside College.
graduating
4. gather
vi.聚集，召集
vt.收拢；搜集，收集；聚集
【变形】gathering n. 聚集，集合
【拓展】
★gather together 聚到一起
gather round/around 聚集
gather speed 加速
【习题】
【1-2024一中高一下月考1】I decided to find that out. I went to several events where language lovers gather ___________ (practice) their languages, asked dozens of polyglots about methods they use, and heard dozens of approaches.
to practice
【2024雅礼高三下】He put down his pen, glanced out the window, and saw a __________
(gather) of people near the playground fence.
gathering
5. emergency
n. [C,U]突发事件，紧急情况
-acy n.[footnoteRef:8] [8: 通常在形容词或动词之后加上这个词缀，得到相应的抽象名词。有时作“-cy”] 表示状态，性质，情况，制度 accuracy 准确性 privacy 隐私 (priv 个人的) democracy 民主 (demo 人民) legacy 遗产 (leg 送出，委派) intimacy 亲密关系 (intimate 亲密的) piracy 盗版，海盗行为 (pirate 海盗) conspiracy 阴谋 (spir 呼吸)
in case of emergency _________ a state of emergency _________
emergency exit _________ emergency room _________
在紧急情况下 / 万一发生紧急情况 紧急状态
紧急出口 / 安全出口 急诊室
6. volunteer
vt. & vi主动建议(或告诉);自愿做，义务做 n.志愿者
【变形】voluntary adj. 自愿的；志愿的；自发的；义务的
【拓展】
★volunteer to do sth. 自告奋勇做某事
volunteer for/as 自愿做;义务做;无偿做
【2022雅礼高一上月考1】In the study, university ________(volunteer) were asked to watch 20 videos of various faces,
volunteers
【2022一中高一下期末】Perhaps more importantly, the number of its volunteer ________(editor) is shrinking.
editors
【2021届一中高三月考7】But there may be such a volunteer _______ wanders around with his head buried in his smartphone, which is not much better than having no volunteers at all.
who
7. figure
n.数字；人物；体型，身材；图表
【拓展】
★figure out 弄清楚；理解；看透；想出；算出
figure in 把……计算在内
【习题】
How do you know the latest trade figures _____________数字
Tsinghua University is home to a great number of outstanding figures. _____________人物
Every woman wants a slim figure nowadays. _____________身材
Now, class, please see Figure. _____________图表
8. operation
n.手术；运转，操作
【变形】operate v. 经营，营业；运转，工作；操作；动手术
【拓展】
★do/perform an operation on sb. 给某人动手术
in operation 工作中；使用中；有效
operate on sb. (for…) 给某人动手术(以治疗……)
【习题】
【2021届一中高三月考7】I’ve scheduled a crucial _____________(operate) for you.
operation
9. response
n.回复；反应，响应
【变形】respond vi. 回答；响应；做出反应
【拓展】
★in response to 回答……；回应……
make a response to 对……做出回应
respond to 回答……；回应……=answer sth. /reply to sth.
【习题】
【2024一中高一下月考1】Whether you are an actor, a filmmaker or a film lover through and through, writing film reviews can help develop your ability to think critically and watch movies with ____________response that goes deeper than “That movie was awesome!”
a必修一 Unit 2 知识点
必修一U2【Reading语法】
●Reading
Words
provide
v. 提供，供给，供应
◎Many volunteers provide voluntary services at the local hospital every weekend.许多志愿者每个周末在当地医院提供志愿服务。
【拓展】
★provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb.提供给某人某物
★offer sb sth=offer sth to sb；
★supply sb with sth=supply sth to sb
【习题】
【2022长郡高一上期中】They can prevent bad behavior and conflict, encourage success in school and provide the ____________(base) for a larger network of associations that will be helpful later in life.
【2023一中高一上月考1】In September this year, when Ryder started kindergarten, Tim put up a patio(露天) umbrella at the end of his driveway ____________ (provide) some shelter.
【2023雅礼高一上月考1】By adjusting your sleep schedule ____________ (provide) a few more hours of meaningful rest, you can fight laziness throughout the day.
【2024长郡高一上期末】Residence halls have university staff and 24-hour assistants that provide ____________ (guide) and lead social activities.
argue
v.争吵，争辩，争论；说理，论证；说服
◎They had a heated argument about politics and continued to argue for hours.他们关于政治问题进行了激烈的争论，并持续争辩了数小时。
◎There are strong arguments for and against it.对此支持和反对者都有强有力的论据。
【拓展】
★have an argument with sb. about/over sth. 就某事与某人争论
get into an argument with sb 与某人争吵起来
★argue with sb. about/over sth. 就某事与某人争论
argue for/against 据理赞成/反对……
argue sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事
argue sb. out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事
argue that… 竭力主张/认为…
【变形】argument n.争吵,争论；论据,理由,论点
【习题】
【2022长郡高一上期末】However, avoid some subjects that may cause ____________ (argue).
anxious
adj.忧虑的，担心的；令人焦虑的；渴望的
◎He seemed anxious about the coming College Entrance Examination.他似乎对接下来的高考忧心忡忡。
◎She was anxious to finish school and get a job.她渴望毕业找一份工作。
◎The parents of those two children were waiting anxiously outside the hall.那两个孩子的家长在大厅外焦急地等待着。
【拓展】
★be anxious about sth. 为某事担忧
be anxious to do sth. 渴望做某事
be anxious for sth. 渴望(得到)某物
【变形】anxiously adv. 忧虑地，不安地
【变形】anxiety n.忧虑，担心，渴望
【习题】
【2022长郡高一上期中】The summer before high school came, I was ____________ (anxiety) to join the high school team.
【2022雅礼高一上月考3】You may feel ____________ (anxiety) that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, shooting up in height or getting left far behind.
【2023附中高一上月考1】He is anxious ___________ his skin because it has started to become very oily, with lots of red spots.
【2024长郡高一上期中】She stepped on the solar cover and put her foot through it and she was ____________ (anxiety) trying to get free.
【2024名校联考高一上联考2】Meanwhile, as darkness started to fall, their parents back at the campsite became very anxious ___________ the boys had not returned.
【3-2024实验高一下期末】Every time I find myself ____________ (anxiety) about the future, I take a step back, recenter myself and live my life as an adolescent, not an adult-to-be.
【2022雅礼高二上月考3】When I hugged my customers, I could see their tension and ______________(anxious) melt away.
shoot
v.射击，发射；打猎；飞驰；拍摄
◎You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, shooting up in height or getting left far behind.你可能会感到焦虑,因为你的成长速度与你的朋友们不同,你的身高在猛增,或者被远远甩在后面。
◎Where was the movie shot 那部电影是在哪儿拍的？
◎He admitted that he had shot the bear in the leg.他承认他开枪射中了熊的腿部。
【拓展】
★shoot at ... 射击(表示动作，不一定射中)
shoot up 射出；发芽；暴涨；快速长高，蹿个儿
shoot a movie 拍电影
★be shot dead 被击毙
【变形】shooting n.枪杀，射击，狩猎
【变形】shot n.射击；镜头，发射
spot
n.斑点；污点；场所；地点；粉刺
v.看见；看出；发现
【拓展】
★hotspot 热点；过热点
★scenic spot 风景区；景点
bright spot 光点；辉点；高兴的事
on the spot 立刻，当场；在危险中
put sb on the spot （故意提出难题）使某人难堪
as a spot of 少量的；一点儿
spot market 现货市场
【2025长郡高二上期末】Neither of them____________(spot) the warbler, but her father had an amazing way of making each outing seem special.
【2025湖南名校名师高三下猜题卷（A）】This neural (神经的) “sweet spot”____________
(create) a safe space to process complex emotions without real-world risks, like emotional weightlifting that strengthens our resilience (恢复力).
【1-2024长郡高三下适应2】Let’s look at the San Francisco Bay Area which is another one of my favorite vacation ____________(spot).
【4-2024附中高三上月考4】Why don’t we create a place___________ others can do the same, a central spot where everyone can read about these stories.
anger
n.[uc.] 愤怒，怒火
vt.使生气，激怒→angers→angering→angered
◎His sudden anger made him speak angrily, his face turning red with angry frustration.他突然的愤怒让他说话怒气冲冲，生气的挫败感使他脸色通红。
◎Jan slammed her fist on the desk in anger .简气愤地捶打桌子。
◎The question clearly angered him.这个问题显然激怒了他。
◎As he was angry with his father, he left his home one night.因为他生他爸的气，他有一天晚上离开了家。
【拓展】
★anger the gods 触怒众神
anger at... 对......的愤怒
★be angry at/about sth. 因为某事而生气
be angry with sb. 生某人的气
★target of anger 发怒的对象
to one’s anger 让某人生气的是
express anger 表示愤怒
【变形】angry adj. 生气的
【变形】angrily adv. 生气地
【习题】
【2022雅礼高二上月考3】When it all gets too much, your parents are often the first targets of your ____________ (angry).
【2023一中高一下入学考】She didn’t react, but rather stormed away, her anger
(change).
【2024一中高一上期中】He was able to turn his anger for the mistake positive energy.
【2023雅礼高二下期中】Such _____________ (danger) can have disastrous outcomes not only for the sites themselves, but also for people.
【2023长郡高二下入学考】This time, we managed to get in front of it, stopping to photograph it and racing back to the car _____________(avoid) its extreme anger.
desire
n.渴望；欲望；渴求；渴望的人或物
vt.希望得到；想要
◎You have both a new desire for independence and a continued need for your parents’ love and support.你既对独立有新的渴望,又对父母的爱和支持有不断的需求。
◎The medicine did not achieve the desired effect. 这药未达到预期效果。
【拓展】
★desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
desire power 渴望拥有权力
★have a strong desire to do sth. 迫切想要做某事
have a strong desire for sth. 急于想得到某物
satisfy one’s desire(s) 满足某人的欲望
★the desired effect 想要的效果
【变形】desirable adj. 令人满意的;值得要的
【变形】desired adj.渴望的;想要的
【习题】
【2024一中高一上期中】It is not only _____________ desire to beat others.
【2023附中高一上月考1】This accident motivated me and awoke my desire _____________ learning.
【2023附中高一上月考1】You have both a new desire for _________(independent) and a continued need for your parents’ love and support.
【2023附中高一上月考1】A few clicks on the phone can bring people whatever their heart or stomach_________________ (desire).
struggle
n.[c.]斗争，努力；搏斗，扭打；难事
v.努力；艰难地行进；斗争；扭打
◎I struggled up the hill with the heavy bags. 我背着几个沉重的包吃力地爬上山去。
◎It was a real struggle to be ready on time.要按时做好准备非易事。
◎They struggled just to pay their bills. 他们辛苦所得仅敷日用。
◎He struggled against cancer for two years. 他同癌症抗争了两年。
◎It was a real struggle to be ready on time. 要按时做好准备确非易事。
◎Shona struggled for breath . 肖娜艰难地喘着气。
【拓展】
★struggle to do sth. 努力做某事，挣扎着做某事
struggle with/against 与……作斗争
struggle for sth. 为…奋斗；为…争斗
★endless struggle 奋斗不息
It is a struggle for sb to do sth 做某事对某人来说是难事
【习题】
【2022雨花区高一上期末】In fact, Jennifer ______________ (struggle) with eating problems for a long time.
【2023一中高一上月考3】She ______________ (struggle) with eating problems for a long time, for she thought skipping meals would be a simple way to reach her target weight.
【3-2024实验高一下期末】Now that ______________ (struggle) is pulling down your team’s performance.
【3-2024实验高一下期末】Each emotional character serves as a metaphor for various aspects of Riley’s life, reflecting her ______________ (struggle) and achievements.
【2023高二长郡模块检测1】As she watched him______________ (sweat) and struggle while hauling it up the stairs.
breakdown
n. [C]故障:崩溃;分解;破裂
◎Here is the breakdown of the emission in 2018 for different modes of transport.
【拓展1】
★break into 强行闯入
break off 折断
break out 爆发
break up 分手；解体
★breakdown in your relationship 关系破裂
【拓展2】
★blow up 爆炸 → blowup _____________
break down 出故障 → breakdown _____________
come back 返回；复苏；重现 → comeback _____________
cut off 切断；中断；隔绝 → cutoff _____________
fall off 偏离航向；下降 → falloff _____________
★break out 爆发 → outbreak _____________
come in 进来 → income _____________
come out 出现，结果是 → outcome _____________
look over 审视，检查 → overlook _____________
go out 外出 → outgoing _____________
put out 生产，输出 → output _____________
take in 吸收；欣赏 → intake _____________
stand out 突出 → outstanding _____________
speak out 大胆说出 → outspoken _____________
set up 设置 → upset _____________
regular
adj. 规则的；有规律的；间隙均匀的；定时的
n.[C]常客；老主顾
n.[C]主力（或正式）队员；（电视节目的）老主持人；经常参加某项活动的人
【变形】irregular adj.不规律的，不正常的
【变形】regularly adv.有规律地；经常
【变形】regularity n.规律性；经常性；端正；匀称；有规则的东西；有规律的事物
【变形】regulate v 调节；调整
【拓展】
★regular communication 定期的交流
regular visitor 常客
regular meetings/visits 例行会议/访问
★a regular pulse/heartbeat 正常的脉搏/心跳
the regular price平常的价格
live a regular life 过着有规律的生活
on a regular basis定期
★regulate the global climate 调节全球气候
-ate v.[footnoteRef:0] [0: -ate是经典的动词后缀，很多-ate结尾的动词可以直接活用作形容词或名词。不需要变形] 做，造成 create 创造，创建 (cre/creat生长，产生) separate 分开，分离 (par 分开) celebrate 庆祝 (celebr 公开，隆重) decorate 装修 (décor 装饰品) graduate 毕业 (grad 步伐，级别)
a. 有……性质的 处于……状态的 separate 分开的，单独的 fortunate 幸运的 (fortun 运气) moderate 适度的，温和的 (moder 适度) immediate 立刻的，直接的 (medi 中间)[footnoteRef:1] [1: im没有+medi中间+ate形容词：没有中间环节的，也就是立即的，立刻的] adequate 足够的，相当的 (equ 相等)
n. 人，身份，职位 graduate 毕业生 delegate 代表 (leg 选择)[footnoteRef:2] [2: 与词根lec和lect同源，如select, elect等单词] candidate 候选人 (candid 白，公开) climate 气候 (clim 倾斜)[footnoteRef:3] [3: 气候与地球的倾斜角度有关。其中clim词根为clin的变体，如incline等单词]
◎She maintains a regular exercise routine, working out regularly three times a week.她保持着规律的锻炼习惯，定期每周锻炼三次。
◎What’s more, they should keep regular hours and get plenty of exercise to stay energetic and fit.此外，他们应该保持规律的作息时间，并进行大量的运动，以保持精力充沛和身体健康。
【习题】
a face with regular features 均匀的；端正的；齐整的
a regular income 持久的；稳定的；固定的
our regular customer/ visitor 经常做某事的；常去某地的
I couldn't see my regular doctor today. 定期的
He's just a regular guy who loves his dog. 普通的
Do you take regular exercise 频繁的；经常做（或发生）的
【2022雨花区高一上】They ___________ (regular) skip meals and even eat weight-loss pills.
【2023雅礼高一上】Finally, taking exercise _____________(regular) can help you fight laziness.
【2022师大附中高一下】More than 10,000 users visit the website on__________regular basis.
【2023高二长郡1】They should be suggested as part of ________ regular reading campaign.
【1-2024南雅高二下月考1】If a regular present ________(be not) doing the trick, it may be time to think a little bigger.
calm
adj. 镇静的；风平浪静的，无风的
vt. 使平（镇）静
n. 平静的时期；宁静的状态
◎His presence had a calming influence. 有他在对大家的情绪有稳定作用。
◎Her previous calm gave way to terror. 她先前的泰然自若已变为惊恐。
◎I placed the chick in the nest，and it quickly calmed down .我把小鸟放进窝里，它很快就平静了下来。
◎He struggled to calm himself down to avoid an argument.他拼命地使自己冷静下来，为的是避免争吵。
◎The man was dealing with such a situation calmly at the time.当时那个人正冷静地处理这种情况。
【拓展1】
★stay/keep/remain calm保持冷静
★calm oneself使自己平静下来
calm down （使）平静，镇静
calm sb. /sth. down使……平静；使……镇静
【变形】calmly adv.镇静地
【变形】calmness n. 平静，镇定
【拓展2】
◎You should stay calm even in an emergency.
◎Could you keep the kids quiet while I'm on the phone
◎Keep still. The photographer is ready.
◎He was silent for a moment , and then began his answer.
calm/quiet/still/silent/peaceful 区分
calm “平静的，镇静的”，指人的心情是不激动的，水面无波浪的，或一个地方/时期是稳定的
quiet “安静的”，指不吵闹的，或心情不烦躁的(without being noisy)
still “静止的，不动的”，指（人/物体）不运动的(without moving)
silent “沉默的，寂静的”，指不讲话或者没有声音(without speaking)
peaceful “平静，安宁的”的状态，指安宁，和谐，没有冲突，动荡，描述环境，社会氛围或心境
【习题】
【2022雅礼高一上月考3】Practicing yoga builds you mental_____________(calm), focus, balance, and relax yourself.
【2023一中高一上月考1】Instead, __________(calm) yourself until you can analyze the logic behind your bad feeling.
【2023长郡高一下月考1】Practising your performance and following some simple tips can help __________(calm) nerves (神经紧张) and manage the feelings caused by anxiety.
【2022南雅高二上期中】Develop a __________(calm) routine before bed to help your body and mind relax.
【1-2024麓山高二上月考1】Anderson might tell them to imagine a __________(calm) and leisurely walk or a ship being tossed(颠簸) by waves.
concern
vt.涉及；让(某人)担忧；(对……)感兴趣；与……有关
n. [U/C]（尤指许多人共同的）担心，忧虑
n. [U] 关爱；关心
n. [C]（对人、组织等）重要的事情
n. [C,usually sing.]（某人）负责的事，有权知道的事
n. [C] 公司；商行；企业
【变形】concerned adj. 担心的；忧虑的；(与某事)有关的
【变形】concerning prep. 关于；涉及
【拓展】
★It concerns me that... 让我担心的是......
show/express concern about/for/over … 对……表示担心/关心
be concerned with/about/ for/over …（尤指许多人共同的）对… 担心或忧虑
… concern sb 某事/某人使某人担心
with concern 关切地
a concerned look关注的目光
concerned parents 忧心忡忡的父母
a concern about security对安全问题的担忧
the main concern主要关心的事
★be concerned with 与…有关；涉及
as far as sb be concerned 就某人而言 as far as I’m concerned就我而言
concerning oneself with/ in sth 关注/涉及/参与某事
the parties concerned 有关各方
the people concerned涉及的人
questions concerning the book涉及这本书的问题
cases concerning children 有关孩子的案件/事件
★concern yourself with/about sth（对…）感兴趣
★be concerned to do sth 认为（做某事）重要
◎Her main concern was the safety of her children, looking concerned as she spoke concerning the incident.她主要的担忧是孩子们的安全，在谈及这起事件时显得很忧虑。
◎After you have thought it through, explain your actions and feelings calmly, listen carefully, and address their concerns.在你全面考虑之后,平静地解释你的行为和感受,仔细倾听,并设法解决他们的担忧。
◎Don't be concerned with your current size; be concerned with the direction that you're traveling in. 不要在乎眼前的大小，关注你行走的方向。
◎She hasn't been seen for four days and there is concern for her safety. 她已四天不见踪影，大家对她的安全很担心。
◎He asked several questions concerning the future of the company. 他问了几个有关公司前途的问题。
【习题】
The loss was a tragedy for all concerned.
This chapter concerns itself with the historical background.
It concerns me that you no longer seem to care.
He didn't concern himself with the details.
【2022雅礼高一上月考3】He asked the officials _________ (concern) to put safety at the first place.
【2023长郡高一上期中】At the same time, listen to their _________ (concern) and be respectful to them.
【2023高二长郡模块】Scientists are now concerned _________ if we don’t clean it up, we may all be in great danger.
【2022南雅高二上期中】Museums aren’t a burden on tax revenue (税收) or _________ separate concern from other city projects.
【2022雅礼高二下期末】Gardening can allow you to reduce daily _________ (concern) as you can harvest a lot from your space.
【2022雅礼高二下期末】His playing partner heard what she could only describe as a seizure, so she started to get ____________ (concern) and asked what was going on and if he was OK.
stress
n.[U]精神紧张；压力；重音；强调
vt.强调，着重；重读
◎She lays great stress on punctuality. 她十分注重守时。
◎‘There is,’Johnson stressed,‘no real alternative.’
◎I try not to stress out when things go wrong. 出问题时，我尽量不紧张。
★stress out (使)焦虑不安，疲惫不堪
be stressed out紧张的,焦虑不安的
★stress that...强调……
stress the importance of...强调……的重要性
★place/put/lay stress on ...强调/重视……;对……施加压力
cause stress 引起压力
reduce stress 减轻压力
under stress处于压力下
【变形】stressed adj. 焦虑的；紧张的
【变形】stressful adj. 充满压力的；紧张的
【习题】
Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress. _________
The expert lays great stress on the importance of protecting the environment. _________
He stressed the importance of good education. _________
You stress the first syllable in ‘happiness’. _________
【2022长郡高一上期末】Habits like these put stress_________ the body，and if they maintain over the long term, can become a serious health risk．
【2022雅礼高一下】The stress of this situation _________(be) killing me, and I’m at a loss of what to do next.
【2022一中高二上联考】He didn’t answer but started putting a tourniquet (止血带) on my arm and handed me _________ stress ball.
【2023长郡高二下入学考】Someone might be _________(stress) with a heavy workload.
【0-2024雅礼高二上入学】Researchers show that after just 2-3 days of practicing thinking for 10 minutes, your brain will be able to focus better, you will have more energy, and you will be ________ stressed.
see eye to eye with
(在某事上)与某人看法一致
◎The woman has a good eye for music, which amazes all of us.这个女人对音乐很有鉴赏力，这使我们大家都很吃惊。
◎Can you have your eye on my bag while I go to the bathroom 我去卫生间时，你可以帮我看着包吗？
◎You can’t just close your eyes to his bad behavior.你不能对他的不良行为视而不见。
【拓展】
★have a good eye for sth. 对……有鉴赏力
have one’s eye on 密切注视；监视
in sb.’s eyes 依某人看
keep an eye on 照看；注意
close one’s eyes to 对……视而不见
15.lead to
导致；造成(后果) ；通向......(to为介词，该短语后跟名词或动名词)
◎This has led the scientist to solutions to the problem.这就使得科学家不得不想其他解决问题的方法。
◎This is the only way to lead to the village.这是通往村庄的唯一道路。
◎Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。
◎What led you to this conclusion 你是如何得出这个结论的？
◎The loss of primates would lead to(导致) negative effects on the ecosystem.
【拓展1】
lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事
lead +n. +to sth. 引导……到……
lead /live a … life 过……样的生活
lead the way 引路；带路
【拓展2】
导致result in= contribute to= make for
【习题】
【2022雨花区高一上期末】Some of these behaviors can lead to _________(eat) disorders, which can be harmful to your health.
【2023长郡高一上月考1】Showing genuine relationship will ultimately lead to complete_________(success).
【2023长郡高二下期末】Eventually, she got to the point that just telling her not to smile would lead to ________ giant smile.
16.think sth. through
充分考虑，全盘考虑，想透
◎After you have thought it through, explain your actions …
◎Everyone in the village thinks highly/much of the young man.这个村子里的每个人都对这个年轻人评价很高。
◎I’ve been trying to think back to that last evening.我一直在努力回想最后的那个晚上。
◎Let’s think over his proposal before we see him again.让我们仔细考虑他的建议后和他见面。
◎She had to think up a good reason for being late.她不得不为迟到编一个像样的理由。
【拓展】
think highly/much of 高度评价
think about 考虑
think of 想起
think back 回想
think over 仔细考虑
think up 想出；编造出
turn out
结果是，原来是
◎Everything will turn out all right in the end, and the changes and challenges of your teenage years will prepare you for adulthood.
◎It turns out that this method doesn’t work well. 结果是这方法不太管用。
◎I thought I had lost my keys, but it turns out they were in my bag all along. 我以为我把钥匙丢了，结果证明它们一直在我的包里。
◎We were worried about the weather for our outdoor party, but it turns out the sun came out and it was a beautiful day. 我们担心户外聚会的天气，但结果天气放晴了，是个美好的一天。
◎I was skeptical about the new restaurant, but it turns out the food is amazing and the service is excellent. 我对这家新餐厅持怀疑态度，结果事实证明食物非常好吃，服务也很出色。
【拓展】
turn to 求助于；致力于；转向；翻至(某一页)
turn down 拒绝；把……调低
turn up 出现；把……调高
turn over 翻过来；移交
【0-2024长郡高二上入学】Researchers ________________(collect) data on various kinds of choices people make, the information they base those choices on, and how things turn out.
必修一U2【Grammar语法】
●Grammar & Integrated skills
Words
design
vt.设计;制订
n.设计；布局；安排
◎So, we have designed Teen Health Web to help you along the journey to adulthood.所以我们设计了青少年健康网来帮助你走向成年。
◎The magazine will appear in a new design from next month. 从下月起这本杂志将以新的设计问世。
◎This game is designed for entertainment and education.这款游戏是为娱乐和教育而设计的。
◎This is not an accident, but rather, by design. 但这不是偶然，而是精心设计的结果。
◎It is all part of his grand design.这都是他宏图大略的一部分。
◎The famous designer will design a new collection for the fashion show.这位著名设计师将为时装秀设计一个新系列。
【拓展】
★design...for 为……而设计
be designed for 为… 而设计的；为… 而打算的
be designed as 为…目的或用途而设计或制造
be designed to do sth. 目的是为了做某事
★by design 故意的
【变形】designer n. 设计师
【习题】
【2024一中高一上月考1】These may ________________(design) with flowers or other gardening pictures on them, or they may be personalized for the gift receiver.
【2024一中高一上月考1】Consider_________design of the garden before buying any gifts for it.
address
vt.设法解决；处理；对……说话；称呼(某人)；给...演说；任命；写(收信人)姓名地址；提交
n.住址，地址；(互联网等的)地址
【习题】
Being quick minded and good at communicating with people, the young man was appointed to address the tough problem. ____________
We should address ourselves to environmental problems. ____________
I was surprised when he addressed me in English. ____________
The judge should be addressed as “Your Honor”. ____________
The manager said that I should address my application to the Personnel Manager. ____________
【2022长郡高一上期末】When you're giving a speech, there isn't a one-stop-shop approach that ________________ every individual．
【2024麓山高一上适应性1】Consider whether you ____________________(address) other experts in the same field or beginners with limited knowledge around the topic. Adjust your speech to target these two types of audience.
【2024麓山高一上适应性1】After you have thought it through, explain your actions and feelings, listen carefully, and ____________(address) their concerns.
unique
adj. 唯一的；独一无二的
独特的；罕见的
（某人、地或事物）独具的，特有的
◎This painting is uniquely beautiful, its uniqueness making it priceless.这幅画独具美感，它的独特性使其价值连城。
◎Everyone's fingerprints are unique. 人的指纹都是独一无二的。
◎The koala is unique to Australia. 树袋熊是澳大利亚独有的。
【拓展】
★be unique to... ……来说是独特的
a unique chance/ opportunity 独特的机会
a unique talent 难得的人才
★local uniqueness 地域特殊性
【变形】uniquely adv. 独特地，珍奇地
【变形】uniqueness n. 独特性；独一无二
【习题】
【2023南雅高二上月考1】________ unique kind of mooncake - filled with mature vinegar - recently attracted followers in Taiyuan，Shanxi province．
【2023南雅高二上月考1】The filling of this unique flavor mooncake is made________ brown sugar，flour，and signature hot pot broth，putting a new twist on this traditionally sweet dessert．
【2023附中高一下月考1】Everybody seems to have_______ unique way to speak several languages fluently.
【2024长郡高一下检测】Each story shows a unique immigrant experience _______ characters move between cultures and countries.
【2024长郡高一下适应性检测】Unlike most national parks that are surrounded by wilderness, Hot Springs National Park is located in the city of Hot Springs, ______________(create) a unique mix of natural wonders and city life.
【2024一中高一下期中】In the face of rejection, this tough 13-year-old chose to dance rather than sit by and let it define her, inspiring us all to embrace our ______________(unique) and find joy in every moment.
performance
n. [C] 表演；演出
[C] 艺术上的表现；演技
[U/C] 表现；性能；业绩；工作情况
◎The performer will perform a new act in tonight's performance.这位表演者将在今晚的演出中表演一个新节目。
◎Throughout the trip, their performance is assessed by Mei on a daily basis(每天).
【拓展】
★put on/give a performance 表演；演出
a live performance 一次现场演出
outstanding performance 杰出的表现
academic performance 学业表现，学习成绩
★perform the role of… 扮演……角色
perform a(n)...role in... 在......中起……作用
perform a key/vital role in….在…中扮演关键/至关重要的角色
perform one's duty/ promise 尽某人的责任/履行某人的承诺
perform an operation/experiment 做手术/实验
【变形】performer n. 执行者;表演者
【变形】perform v. 表现;表演,演出;做，履行，执行
【习题】
【2022师大附中高一上月考3】Be sure to back up your thoughts with specifics ---- ________ disappointing performance, a ridiculous plot, original special visual effects, and so on.
【2023一中高一上期中】Additionally, in the afternoon and evening, your reaction time is quickest, and your heart rate and blood pressure are lowest, which reduce your chance of injury while _______________(improve) your performance.
【2023一中高一上期中】For example, your body's ability _________(perform) is at its best in the afternoon.
【2023长郡高一上】Now that struggler is pulling down your _________(team) performance.
【2023长郡高一下月考1】Practising your ________________(perform) and following some simple tips can help calm nerves (神经紧张) and manage the feelings caused by anxiety.
【2023附中高一下期末】Not long after, he began to be appreciated for his piano _____________ (perform) .
press
n. 报纸杂志；报刊
记者；新闻工作者；新闻界
[C]出版社；印刷所
[C] (尤用于构成复合词) 压平机；压榨机；榨汁机
v. （被）压，挤，推，施加压力
按，压（使启动）
将…塞进；把…按入
（深情地）紧握（某人的手或臂）
（向…）拥挤，推搡着移动
催促；敦促；逼迫
熨平；烫平
◎The press reported on how work pressure can press people to their limits.媒体报道了工作压力如何将人们逼迫到极限。
◎She pressed her lips together.她紧抿着双唇。
◎The photographers pressed around the royal visitors. 摄影记者在王室贵宾周围挤来挤去。
◎If pressed , he will admit it. 如果逼问他，他就会承认。
◎My suit needs pressing. 我的西服该熨了。
【拓展】
★press sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事
press on (不顾困难)继续进行
press a button/switch/key 按下按钮╱开关；按键
★under the pressure of 在……的压力下
put pressure on sb. 压迫某人
relieve pressure 缓解压力
★the local/national/foreign press 地方/全国/外国报刊
【变形】pressure n.[U]压力
【习题】
【2022雅礼高一上月考1】Other factors that cause changes include water temperature, air-_____________(press), seasons of the year, the presence of ice and snow, and the amount of salt in the water.
【2024二附中高一上】It is really full of pressure as most of the kids get good___________(press) and try to be the best ones.
【2023附中高一下期末】When people are facing big pressure __________ work or life, writing a song with someone across the ocean made them feel less trapped.
【2023一中高一下入学考】Because she began to feel a strong sense of fear and pressure when
(stand) on the stage.
eager
adj.热切的，渴望的，渴求的
◎I’m eager for my parents’ love.
◎The children waited eagerly for Christmas, their eagerness visible in their excited chatter.孩子们急切地等待圣诞节，他们兴奋的交谈显示出强烈的渴望。
◎She is eager for her parents' approval. 她渴望得到父母的赞许。
【拓展】
★be eager for sth. 渴望得到某物
be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事
★long for sth. 渴望得到某物
long to do sth. 渴望做某事
【变形】eagerness n. 渴望，热切
【变形】eagerly adv. 热心地；急切地
【习题】
【2024长郡高一上期末】This aroused my curiosity and imagination about those places and thus made me eager __________ (remember) my geography and history lessons because they were tied to places I'd "seen".
flexible
adj. 灵活的，可变动的；柔韧的；可弯曲的；有弹性的
◎Yoga improves your flexibility, making your body more flexible.瑜伽能提高你的柔韧性，让你的身体更加灵活。
◎Besides, they will be faced with(面临，面对) finding appropriate food resources on the ground, thus having a broad(adj.广泛的) or flexible diet is important.
【拓展】
★flexible working hours 弹性工作时间
a more flexible approach 更灵活的方法
【变形】flexibly adv.灵动地
【变形】flexibility n. 灵活性；柔韧性
【变形】inflexible adj.不灵动的
【习题】
【2023一中高一下月考3】Compassion helps your brain become _______________ (flexible), and lets your brain have a wider sense of what’s going on, and it gives you access to more ideas on how to act.
【2022南雅高二上月考3】It has______flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.
give out
散发(声、光、热等)；用完，耗尽；分发
【拓展】
give away 赠送，给予；泄露
give back 归还；恢复
give off 发出(气味、气体等)
give up 放弃；戒掉
give in (to sb. /sth. ) 投降；屈服；让步；上交
give out light 发出光
give out food 分发食物
give out personal information 公布/泄露个人信息
【习题】
Finally the woman had to give _______ to her daughter.
The old man is very kind and he often gives _______ his money to the poor.
The plant gave _______ a strange smell，which made me sick.
I must give _______ the two books to the library before Friday.
cheer up
(使)变得高兴，振奋起来
◎Cathy didn’t expect any award but was still there to cheer up her friends.凯西没有期待任何奖励，但是仍旧在那里为朋友加油鼓劲。
◎They are both very cheerful in spite of their colds.他俩虽然感冒了，可都兴高采烈。
【拓展】
★cheer sb. on 为某人加油
【变形】cheers！ 干杯
【变形】cheer v.& n.欢呼，喝彩，加油
【变形】cheerful adj.高兴的；兴高采烈的
Sentences
It is likely that the matter has already been discussed on our forum.
adj.可能的，预料的，有希望的
◎It is likely that the matter has already been discussed on our forum.该问题可能已经在我们的论坛上讨论过了。
◎Tickets are likely to be expensive.入场券可能很贵。
◎It is likely that investors will face losses. 那时投资者将面临亏损是很可能的。
◎Children who feel terrible about procrastinating(拖延) are more likely to(更有可能……) have anxiety and negative feelings that will only fuel their continued procrastination.
【拓展】
★sb be likely to do sth. 可能做某事
It is likely that... 可能……
Not likely! （表示坚决不同意）绝不可能！
【变形】unlikely adj. 不大可能的
【拓展延伸】 辨析：likely, probable, possible 这三个词都有“可能的”的意思，在用法和词义上有以下区别： ①likely强调“表面上看起来很可能” probable 则强调“权衡理由后相信会发生”，虽无法确定，但却极有可能发生 possible 的发生的可能性极小 ②It is possible (for sb) to do sth / It is possible + that-clause. It is probable + that-clause。
【习题】
__________________ the project is designed for women.可能这个项目是为了女士设计的。
This is _________ (likely) to be the whole story.情况可能并非完全如此。
It’s likely that the famous scientist will attend the meeting.
→ The famous scientist ____________________ the meeting.
【2023附中高一上月考1】It is likely that the matter__________________(discuss) on our forum. In this case, you can find existing solutions and it will be easier to solve it.
2. There's no point in comparing you with others
★There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问……
There is no sense in doing sth. 做某事没有意义。
There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)没有必要做某事。
There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing sth. 做某事(没有)困难。
★It's no use doing sth. 做......没用。
It's useless doing sth. 做......没用。
It's no good doing sth. ......没有益处。
It's not good to do sth. ......没有益处。
3. It seems as if my grades are the most important thing in her life.
It seems as if...看起来......。其中it是人称代词，并无实意，指的是某种情况；
◎It appears as if she were junior to me by several years, but in fact, she is three years older than me.看上去她好像比我小几岁，但是事实上她比我大三岁。
◎The lady conducted herself with dignity as if nothing had happened.这位女士表现自如，不失尊严，仿佛什么事情都没有发生。
◎She looks as if/as though she were ten years younger.她看起来好像年轻了十岁。
◎Tom raised his right hand as if/as though(he was) to say something.汤姆举起右手好像要说什么。
◎I can still remember, even though/even if it was so long ago.虽然那是很久以前的事,但我还能记得。
◎She’s going to have trouble finding a job even if/even though she gets her A levels.即使通过了高级证书考试,她找工作也会有困难。
4. I do as she says...
【习题】
As he was tired, he went to bed at once.____________________________
I met one of my friends as I was in the park. _____________________________________
Child as he is, he knows a lot._________________________________________
Leave the papers as they are.__________________________________________
John came as early as Mary (did).____________________________________________
必修一U2【Extended reading语法】
● Extended Reading
Words
account
n.[C]账户；描述；解释
vt.认为是，视为
【拓展】
★account for 解释，是……的原因；(数量或比例上)占
on account of 因为，由于
on no account 决不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装结构)
take sth. into account 考虑到，顾及……
【习题】
I paid the cheque into my savings account. ____________
She gave the police a full account of the incident. ____________
In English law, a person is accounted innocent until he is proved guilty. ____________
Recent pressure at work may account ____________ his behavior.
The professor warned the students that __________________ should they use mobile phones in his class.
Coursework is taken ____________ account as well as exam results.
He can’t run very fast ____________ account of his bad health.
【2022附中高一上月考3】_____________ happened, we always knew we still had the Bank Account to depend upon.
【2022一中高一下期末】Except for a small number of pages, anyone can edit articles, anonymously(匿名地) or with_________ user account.
【2024实验高一下期末】It sounds great to make money for doing the latest dance moves in a 15-second video, but we should feed the minds of kids and not just their bank _______________
(account).
2.secure
adj.安心的；可靠的；牢固的；安全的
vt.保护； (尤指经过努力)获得，取得，实现
【拓展】
★a secure job/income 稳定的工作/收入
be secure from 免受…威胁
★secure a contract/deal 订立合同;达成协议
secure… against… 保护……免遭……
★sense of security 安全感
【变形】security n. [U]安全工作;保护措施;保护，保障
【变形】insecure adj.不安心的
【习题】
【2024雅礼高三上期中】With over 20 regular programs, each lasting 10 minutes, visitors are encouraged to arrive early______________(secure) a good view of these popular shows.
【2021届一中高三月考6】I constantly felt my progress was too slow. Other students’ self-confidence and their excellent results made me feel______________(secure).
3. graduate
vt.& vi.毕业
n.毕业生
◎He has graduated from college for 3 years.
◎He graduated from college 3 years ago.
◎It is 3 years since he graduated from college.
【拓展】
★graduate from 从……毕业
graduate in... 毕业于……专业
★a history graduate = a graduate in history 历史专业毕业生
a Yale graduate = a graduate of Yale 耶鲁大学毕业生
【变形】graduation n. 毕业
【习题】
【2024长郡高一上期末】SPP invites you to join other highly motivated teens from 87 countries in our summer programs for high school______________(graduate).
【2021届一中高三月考3】I worked from the time I was four and raised seven children, all of them college______________(graduate).
【2021届一中高三月考3】I am writing to say how very much I hope that you will join us for the Dinner I am hosting for families of the ___________ (graduate) class of 2019 on 10 April 2019 at Morningside College.
4. gather
vi.聚集，召集
vt.收拢；搜集，收集；聚集
【拓展】
★gather together 聚到一起
gather round/around 聚集
gather speed 加速
【变形】gathering n. 聚集，集合
【习题】
【1-2024一中高一下月考1】I decided to find that out. I went to several events where language lovers gather ___________ (practice) their languages, asked dozens of polyglots about methods they use, and heard dozens of approaches.
【2024雅礼高三下】He put down his pen, glanced out the window, and saw a __________
(gather) of people near the playground fence.
5. emergency
n. [C,U]突发事件，紧急情况
in case of emergency _________ a state of emergency _________
emergency exit _________ emergency room _________
6. volunteer
vt. & vi主动建议(或告诉);自愿做，义务做 n.志愿者
【拓展】
★volunteer to do sth. 自告奋勇做某事
volunteer for/as 自愿做;义务做;无偿做
【变形】voluntary adj. 自愿的；志愿的；自发的；义务的
【2022雅礼高一上月考1】In the study, university ________(volunteer) were asked to watch 20 videos of various faces,
【2022一中高一下期末】Perhaps more importantly, the number of its volunteer ________(editor) is shrinking.
【2021届一中高三月考7】But there may be such a volunteer _______ wanders around with his head buried in his smartphone, which is not much better than having no volunteers at all.
7. figure
n.数字；人物；体型，身材；图表
★figure out 弄清楚；理解；看透；想出；算出
figure in 把……计算在内
【习题】
How do you know the latest trade figures _____________
Tsinghua University is home to a great number of outstanding figures. _____________
Every woman wants a slim figure nowadays. _____________
Now, class, please see Figure. _____________
8. operation
n.手术；运转，操作
【拓展】
★do/perform an operation on sb. 给某人动手术
in operation 工作中；使用中；有效
★operate v. 经营，营业；运转，工作；操作；动手术
operate on sb. (for…) 给某人动手术(以治疗……)
【习题】
【2021届一中高三月考7】I’ve scheduled a crucial _____________(operate) for you.
9. response
n.回复；反应，响应
【拓展】
★in response to 回答……；回应……
make a response to 对……做出回应
respond to 回答……；回应……=answer sth. /reply to sth.
【变形】respond vi. 回答；响应；做出反应
【习题】
【2024一中高一下月考1】Whether you are an actor, a filmmaker or a film lover through and through, writing film reviews can help develop your ability to think critically and watch movies with ____________response that goes deeper than “That movie was awesome!”必修一 Unit 3知识点
必修一U3【Reading语法】
●Reading
Words
sight
n.视野；视力；看见
【拓展】
★out of one’s sight 脱离某人的视线
lose sight of 看不见
lose one’s sight 失明
catch sight of 看见
in sight 看得见
out of sight 看不见
at first sight 乍一看
at the sight of... 一看见……
◎We waved goodbye to the expert until he was out of sight.我们向这位专家挥手告别，直到看不见他为止。
◎Helen cried for help when she caught sight of a snake.海伦看见一条蛇时大声呼救起来。
◎The mountain town came into sight when we turned the last corner.当我们转过最后一个角落时，这个山城就映入眼帘了。
◎The boys became excited immediately at the sight of some eggs in the nest.男孩子们一看到鸟巢里的一些蛋就立马兴奋起来。
【习题】
【2023长郡高一上期中】Have each person categorize activities or_______________(sight) into "must-see" "want to see" and "would go if we have time".
sights
【2024长郡高一上期末】Durrell’s attention to detail is___________makes the book so winning, with every sight, sound and smell of the island brought to life.
what
【2-2024一中高一下期中】Unlike Grand Canyon, plentiful rain keeps Waimea Canyon and its surrounding area thick with vegetation (植被), and visitors are frequently treated to the sight ________vivid rainbows.
of
【2-2024一中高一下期中】Nova was walking down a street when she was at the sight of a messy and _______(rag) looking figure walking out of woods.
ragged
loss
n.失去，丧失；亏损；去世；损失
【拓展】
★at a loss 不知所措；困惑
★lose face 丢脸
lose one’s way 迷路
be lost in 沉迷于；专注于
【变形】lose vt.失去；迷失；输掉
【变形】lost adj.丢失的；迷路的
◎The loss of his job made him lose confidence in himself.工作的失去让他丧失了对自己的信心。
◎The gas price dropped sharply, and many countries suffered great losses.天然气价格急剧下跌，许多国家遭受巨大损失。
【习题】
【2022雨花区高一上】Unhealthy weight-loss____________ (habit) have become common among teenagers.
habits
【2023一中高一下入学考】The stress of this situation is killing me, and I’m at a loss __________ to do next.
what
【2023一中高一下入学考】As individuals age, this gradual loss_________“centrality” is known in many social mammals, including humans.
of
【2022明德高一下期中】It is likely that investors will face ___________(lose) .
losses
【2022明德高一下期中】And this is linked to heart disease, sleep ___________ (lose) and high blood pressure.
loss
【2022长郡高一下期末】Zhu weeps bitterly over the ___________ (lose) of her love.
loss
recover
vi.恢复健康;恢复常态 vt.全额收回;寻回;重新获得;恢复，重新控制
【变形】recovery n.恢复；复苏；痊愈
【拓展】
★recover from ... 从……中恢复过来
recover oneself 镇定下来
★make a recovery from 从……中恢复过来
◎After surgery, it took him three months to fully recover, making a complete recovery.手术后，他花了三个月才完全康复，实现了彻底的恢复。
【习题】
【2023一中高一上月考1】Having a healthy social network is good for your longevity, your ___________ (recover) from illnesses you contract, and your mental stability.
recovery
【2024长郡高一上期中】I feel like losing that bear and ___________ (recover) it was just my mom telling me.
recovering
【2022周南梅溪湖高一下入学考】I wouldn’t have had an operation. I wouldn’t ___________ (recover) .
have recovered.
【1-2024长郡高一下适应性检测】Visitors have the chance to experience the___________ (recover) power of these hot waters.
recovery
worth
adj. 有……价值的；值得的
【拓展】
易混词 成分 含义 结构
worth 表语 值得的 be worth + n./pron./doing
worthy 表语 值得的 be worthy + of +n. /being done be worthy to be done
定语 值得尊敬的； 注意的
worthwhile 表语/定语 值得的 It is worthwhile doing/ to do
◎The Great Wall is worthy to be visited./worthy of a visit/.being visited/
◎The Great Wall deserves visiting/to be visited.
【习题】
【2022长郡高一上期中】It'll take up some of my spare time, ________this friendship is worth my extra time and effort.
but
【2024二附中高一上期中】I’m so sorry! But this friendship is worth ___________ (save): eight years is a long time!
saving
【2024二附中高一上期中】Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth___________(take).
taking
5.judge
vt.& vi.评价；(尤指)批评；判断，认为
n.法官；裁判员
【变形】judg(e)ment n.判断力；意见，看法
【拓展】
★judge...by/from... 根据……判断……
as far as I can judge 据我判断
★judging by/from... 从……来判断
★make a judg(e)ment on 对……做出评价
in one’s judg(e)ment 在某人看来
◎The judge will judge the case based on evidence and sound judgment.法官将根据证据和合理的判断来审理此案。
◎You should apologize to your teacher for your bad behaviour.你应该为你的不良行为向你的老师道歉。
◎The teenager realized he was in the wrong and made an apology to his mother at last.这位青少年意识到自己错了，最后向母亲道了歉。
◎I owe my mother an apology for telling a lie to her.我应向我的母亲道歉，因为我对她撒谎了。
【习题】
【2024二附中高一上期中】We should not judge a person ______ his appearance.
by
【2023长郡高一下月考1】________ (judge) from what he said，he was very disappointed.
Judging
【2023长郡高一下月考1】The boy showed excellent ___________ (judge) in choosing a friend.
judg(e)ment
【2024二附中高一上期中】Don’t be so quick___________ (judge) your friend.
to judge
【3-2024雅礼高一下期末】Don’t judge a book_________ its cover.
by
6.apologize
vi.道歉，谢罪
【拓展】
★apologize to sb. for sth. 因为某事向某人道歉
★make an apology to sb. for sth. 因为某事向某人道歉
★owe sb. an apology=owe an apology to sb. 应向某人道歉
【变形】apology n.道歉
◎He refused to apologize, though his apology could have resolved the conflict.他拒绝道歉，尽管他的道歉本可以解决冲突。
◎You should apologize to your teacher for your bad behaviour.你应该为你的不良行为向你的老师道歉。
◎The teenager realized he was in the wrong and made an apology to his mother at last.这位青少年意识到自己错了，最后向母亲道了歉。
◎I owe my mother an apology for telling a lie to her.我应向我的母亲道歉，因为我对她撒谎了。
【习题】
【2024二附中高一上期中I will apologize to her _______ not delivering her goods on time.
for
【2023一中高一下月考3】In effect, the young girl owed me an _______ (apologize).
apology
【3-2024实验高一下期末】You should make an apology to her _______ what you have said.
for
7.behaviour
n.行为，举止；态度
【变形】behave v.举动；(举止或行为)表现
【拓展】
★behave oneself 表现得体，有礼貌；行为规矩
behave well/badly to/towards sb. 对待某人好/差
◎The waiter apologized for his bad behaviour towards the customers.这个服务员为他对顾客不得体行为道歉。
◎A few guys behaved badly towards me at the party, which made me angry.几个小伙子在聚会上对我很不好，这让我很生气。
◎The woman asked her son to behave himself at the party.这个妇女让她儿子在聚会上表现得得体一些。
【习题】
【1-2024一中高一下月考1】Perhaps she knows she’s in the wrong and wants to apologize, or maybe she has a simple _________ (explain) for her behaviour.
explanation
【1-2024麓山国际高一下检测1】 Scientists say it might be a form of addictive _________
_________ (behave).
behaviour
8.frank
adj. 坦率的，直率的
【拓展】
to be frank 坦白地说（常作插入语）=frankly speaking
常用不定式作插入语的其他表述：
to tell the truth = to be honest
to be exact = exactly speaking
to be brief
to begin/start with
◎Find an opportunity to have a full and frank talk with her.找个机会和她深入、坦诚的谈一谈。
◎To be frank, I appreciate your frank opinion about this matter.坦率地说，我欣赏你对这件事的坦率意见。
【2024二附中高一上期中】In any case, find an opportunity to have ________ full and frank talk with her.
a
9.trick
vt.欺骗，欺诈
n.诡计，花招；戏法
【拓展】
★trick sb. into doing sth. 诱使某人做某事
trick sb. out of sth. 从某人处骗走某物
★play a trick/tricks on 搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑
【习题】
【2024二附中高一上期中】When I found out that I__________________(trick) by him, I was really hurt and let go of our friendship.
was tricked
10.ignore
vt.忽视，对……不予理会
【变形】ignorant adj. 无知的；愚昧的
【拓展】
★ignore one’s advice 忽视某人的建议
ignore traffic rules 无视交通规则
★be ignorant of/about 不知道……
◎Your friend ignores your feelings or makes you suffer.
◎His ignorance of basic facts shows he's completely ignorant about this topic.他对基本事实的无知表明他对这个话题完全不了解。
【习题】
【2024二附中高一上期中The man is _________ (ignore) of the dangers of too much sun.
ignorant
【2024二附中高一上期中】However, if your friend _________ (ignore) your feelings or makes you suffer, it’s time to rethink your friendship.
ignores
11.suffer
vi.受苦，受折磨；变差 vt.遭受，蒙受
【变形】suffering n.痛苦；苦难
【变形】sufferer n.患病者；受难者
【拓展】
★suffer from 遭受；忍受
suffer stress/losses 承受压力/遭受损失
suffer做及物动词，宾语是抽象的损害、痛苦等，如：suffer pain/defeat/loss(es)/side effects。
suffer from常加具体的表示不幸或痛苦的名词，如:遭受战争、自然灾害、疾病带来的痛苦。
◎The gas price dropped sharply, and many countries suffered great losses.天然气价格急剧下跌，许多国家遭受巨大损失。
◎It is said that the old man has gone through kinds of sufferings during the war.据说，这位老人在战争中经历了种种苦难。
◎Studies show that people are more likely to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.研究表明，如果人们总是长时间坐在电脑屏幕前，他们极有可能患上背部问题。
【习题】
【2022一中高一下阶段性检测3】I hope this anxious matter would end my _________ (suffer).
suffering
【2022师大附中高一上】I _______________ (suffer) from cancer and was under strict requirements to use medical shampoos, creams and tablets.
was suffering
【2023长郡高一下月考1】A person who ______________ (suffer) from stage fright may get sweaty hands, a dry mouth, a tight throat, or shaky knees.
suffers
12.contact
vt.& n.联系，联络
【拓展】
★keep eye contact 保持目光接触
lose contact with 与……失去联系
get/keep/stay in contact with 与……保持联系
make contact with 与……取得联系
【习题】
【2023长郡高一下月考1】Make more friends than professional ______________ (contact).
contacts
【2023一中高一下月考3】Inner sunshine warms not only the heart of the owner, but all who come in contact ______________ it.
with
【2023一中高一上月考1】A madam ______________ (contact) me and asked if I would make a bunny doll with one eye for her two-year-old daughter.
contacted
【2023一中高一上月考1】To expand your social ______________ (contact), join an organization.
contacts
13.explode
vi. (愤怒等情感)爆发，迸发；爆炸
vt.使爆炸
【变形】explosion n.爆炸；爆发；激增
【拓展】
★explode with/into 爆发，突发……
explode with laughter 一下子大笑
★the exploding world population 人口爆发
14.turn to
______________ 调小;拒绝 ______________打翻;翻身;移交
______________ 证明是;结果是;生产,制造 ______________ 调大;出现
turn around ______________ turn in ______________
turn into ______________ turn off ______________
turn on ______________
求助于/转向/致力于/开始做某事/投入某项工作
turn down turn over turn out turn up
转身/好转/改变；上交/归还/交还
转变为/使变成；关闭/使厌烦；打开/使兴奋
15.hang out
游荡；闲逛
【拓展】
hang about/around 闲逛；转悠
hang on 稍等；不要挂断(电话)；紧紧握住
hang on to 保留，保存；紧紧抓住
hang up 挂断(电话)
hang over 使忧心忡忡，担心可能发生
【习题】
There were some kids hanging _________ in the street.街上有几个孩子在闲逛。
Hang ____, I’ll go to his room and see whether he’s there.别挂断，我这就去他房间看看他在不在那里。
He hung ____ before I could answer his question.我还没来得及回答他的问题，他就挂断电话了。
With the exams hanging ____ her head，she can’t sleep at night.随着考试临近，她晚上都睡不着觉。
out on up over
16.out of...
【拓展】
out of breath ______________ out of control ______________
out of danger ______________ out of date ______________
out of mind ______________ out of question ______________
out of order ______________ out of reach ______________
喘不过气 脱离控制 脱离危险 过时
发狂/心不在焉 没问题 脱离秩序 够不着
【习题】
Don't be skeptical about him. His capability is ______________.
The fire, ignored at the beginning, has been ____________ and spread quickly.
Father, the story you told is __________. If you want me to be your listener, just give me something new.
The path was so steep that when I finally climbed to the top of the mountain, I was already ____________.
这个仪表发生了故障。 The instrument went _____________.
他仅仅是由于好奇心才去的。 He went only ____________________.
out of question out of control out of date out of breath out of order out of curiosity
pick up
抬起，拾起；收拾，整理；学会，掌握；接人，搭载；增加，提高；恢复，改善；收听
【习题】
He picked up gradually after a long illness. ______________
Seeing this scene, John picked up speed and headed out of the town. ______________
It’s surprising that your brother picked up Russia so quickly. ______________
We are able to pick up the Voice of America on the radio. ______________
It occurred to me that I could pick her up at the airport. ______________
The room must be picked up before the guests arrive. ______________
The boy picked up the keys and handed them to the old man. ______________
恢复； 加速； 学习； 收听； 接送； 整理，收拾；拾起
18.let go of
放弃；摒弃；松手，放开
【拓展】
★let out 发出(声音)；放走；(把衬衣、外套等)放大
let alone 更不用说
let down 使失望
Sentences
1. Teenagers have difficulty maintaining their friendships.
【必修】
★have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
have trouble/difficulty with sth. 在某方面有困难
【习题】
That day we had no trouble __________ (find) his new house.
finding
It is said that they had little trouble _________ new school life.
with
You can’t imagine what trouble she has _________ (raise) her children.
raising
2. Our original plan was to see a film at the cinema that afternoon.
【必修】
句中的to see a film at the cinema that afternoon是不定式作表语，在句中表示将要发生的动作。
be to do sth. 表示按计划、安排、决定、命令要做的事或注定要发生的事；
be about to do sth. 表示即将、马上要做的事，常与when搭配使用；
be going to do sth. 表示说话者主观打算做某事或客观迹象表明即将发生某事。
【习题】
They said goodbye, little knowing they were never _______ (meet) again.
他们道了别，根本不知道再也不会相见。
to meet
No one is _______ (leave) the building without permission.未经允许，任何人不得离开这座大楼。
to leave
She was about _______ (close) the window when it began to rain.她正要关上窗户，这时天开始下雨了。
to close
3. A classmate told me she had seen my friend chatting with another girl in a café.
【必修】
句中使用了“see+宾语+宾补”的结构，
宾语补足语既可以是不带to的动词不定式，也可以是现在分词和过去分词。
除see外还有一些动词，如watch, observe, notice, hear, listen to等，也可用不带to的不定式、现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语。
结构 含义 例句
see sb do 看到动作全过程 I saw her enter the hall.
see sb doing 看到动作正在进行 I saw her playing by the river.
see sb done 看到某人被…… I saw her knocked down by a car.
【习题】
We are glad to see some companies ______ (make) the most of the resources.
make
I looked up and noticed a snake ________(wind) its way up the tree to catch its food.
winding
The manager was satisfied to see many new products __________(develop) after great effort.
developed
不带to的不定式作宾语补足语时，如变成被动句，则需加上to，这时不定式成为主语补足语。
When I visited him yesterday, I noticed ____________________(他正在花园里干活).
him working in the garden
He was seen _____________________ (救了一只受伤的鸟).
to save a hurt bird
I heard him ______________________(在一次车祸中受伤了).。
hurt in a car accident
4. The stress of this situation is killing me, and I’m at a loss what to do next.
本句使用了“疑问词+不定式”结构
【习题】
_________________________________________________________.
如何激发学生的学习兴趣很重要。
How to motivate students’ interest in study is of great importance
He was in a puzzle about _______________.
下一步做什么，他感到困惑不解。
what to do next
The question is ______________________.
问题是何时废除这条法律。
when to abolish the law
He has no idea _______________________________.
他不知道是否做这个实验。
whether to do this experiment
必修一U3【Grammar语法】
●Grammar & Integrated skills
Words
1.quality
n. 品德，素质；质量；特征
adj. 优质的，高质量的
【拓展】
★be of good/bad quality 质量好
★be of high/poor quality 质量差
★product quality 产品质量
★quality of life 生活质量
★quality education 素质教育
★quality service 优质的服务
【习题】
【0-2024长郡高三下模1】Experts say that the quality of praise_____________(be) more important than the quantity.
is
【2024一中高一上月考1】High quality garden __________(tool) can make excellent garden gift ideas.
tools
2.count
v.数数；包括；重要；看作；认为
n.数量；计数
【拓展】
★count on 依靠，依赖 count on one’s support
count...as 把...视作
★rely on 依靠，依赖
★depend on 依靠，依赖
【习题】
The woman is counting the coins on the table. __________
数数
I count him as one of my best friends. __________
视作
Health counts more than money as you walk the "path of life”. __________
重要
There are 50 people on the plane，not counting the pilot. __________
包括
【2024长郡高三上月考1】The position is in Antarctica, and one of the key_______________ (require) is the ability to count penguins(企鹅).
requirements
【2024长郡高二上月考1】That was the first time Dad had counted _____ me in a moment of emergency.
on
3.respect
vt.尊重，尊敬
n.尊敬；敬意；重视；方面
【变形】respectful adj.恭敬的
【变形】respectable adj.可敬的，体面的
【变形】respectively adv.分别；各自；顺序为；依次为
【拓展】
★respect sb. for sth. 因某事而尊敬某人
★have/show respect for sb. 尊敬某人
out of respect 出于尊重
give/send one’s respects to sb. 向某人表达敬意；问候某人
★in all/many respects 在所有/许多方面
in respect of=with respect to 关于；就……而言
【习题】
【4-2024一中高三上月考4】Once you have made the list of your values, needs, and wants, use that knowledge to establish clear boundaries ___________ respect yourself and those around you.
that
【2022长郡高一上期中】I can see that both are important to him. I must respect and support the choices he ___________ (make).
makes
【2023长郡高一上期中】At the same time, listen to their concerns and be ___________ (respect) to them.
respectful
【2023长郡高一上期中】You are bound to be the one caring about others. And remember that ______________ (consider) and respect go a long way.
consideration
【2023雅礼高一上期中】It will make your attitude better and earn you _____________(much) respect from them.
more
4.measure
vt.估量，判定；测量
n.措施；衡量
【变形】measurement n.测量；衡量
【拓展】
★measure...by... 用……衡量
be measured by/in... 用……来计算/衡量
★take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
make...to one’s measure 根据某人的尺寸做……
beyond measure 无法估量的
注意：measure作“尺寸”讲时，常用作不可数名词；而作“措施”讲时，通常用复数形式。
【习题】
【2022雅礼高一上月考1】Therefore, sea level can vary depending on where it ______________ (measure) in the world, and it is not a constant(常数).
is measured
【2022雅礼高一上月考1】The ______________ (measure) of mean sea level has many uses
measurement
【2022雅礼高一上月考1】A change in the height of the land can also affect the ______________ (measure) of the sea.
measurement
【2022一中高一上检测1】The research, based on a seven-year dietary analysis of 50,000 adults, finds that body weight, ______________ (measure) by body mass index (体重指数)(BMI).
measured
5.take the place of
代替
◎The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, letting in the natural light during the day.玻璃门取代了入口的木制门，白天的时候让自然光射进来。
【拓展】
take one's place 代替；接替；就座；占据一席之地
in place of 代替；取代
in place 在适当的位置;在原处
in the first place 最初；首先；第一
【习题】
【2022雅礼高一上月考1】However，online materials are taking ____________ place of books，and reading books seems to go out of fashion nowadays．
the
6.put down
放下；写下；镇压
【拓展】
put aside 忽视；储存……备用
put away 收起；储蓄
put out 扑灭；出版
put off 推迟
put up 张贴
7.in person
亲自，亲身
◎In that case, please apologize in person as soon as possible.在那种情况下，请尽快亲自去道歉。
◎My wife and I live in Canada's west coast and our son lives on its east coast, and we hadn't seen him in person for more than two years.
【拓展】
in surprise 吃惊地
in advance 提前
in secret 秘密地
in trouble 处于困难中
in danger 处于危险中
in debt 负债
8.take up
占据（时间、空间等）；拿起，接受，开始；继续
【拓展】
take away 拿走，带走，减去，消除
take back 收回；带回
take down 降低，放下；拆除，拆卸；记录，记下；打击，使沮丧；被攻击，被侵袭
take for 认为（某人是某种人）；误以为
take in 吸收；欣赏；收留；缩小
take off 脱下；起飞；脱离；扣除；模仿
take on 开始承担或处理；与……竞争；雇佣；承担或获得；表达情感
take over 接管；接手；接收
【习题】
【2-2024一中高一下期中】Urquhart launched the Run Antarctica aiming to encourage more women _____________(take) up sport.
to take
9.get over
克服，恢复常态
【拓展】
get on 获得知识或理解;与某人相处融洽
get off 下车；起床；离开
get away (from) 逃离；摆脱；离开
get in 到达；变得友好；加入；成功做到；纳入日程；进入
get rid of 摆脱；除掉；除去；丢弃
get along/on with 和...相处
get through 完成；熬过；用完，消耗；使…理解；通过（考试）；通过（法律、提案）
get down to 开始做某事；
【习题】
【2022长郡高一上期中】I should also encourage him _____________(take) action to get over these difficulties.
to take
10.brings out
使显现，使表现出
【拓展】
bring up 抚养；培养；教导；提出；呕吐
bring in 引进；获利
bring about 引起；导致
bring down 使倒下；减少
Sentences
1. To make friends a real part of our lives, we should…
本句使用了To make friends a real part of our lives不定式短语作目的状语。
我提高了嗓门以便让别人听到我的话。
______________________________________________________________________
我有很多工作要做。
______________________________________________________________________
眼见为实。
______________________________________________________________________
他甚至连说一声谢谢都不肯。
______________________________________________________________________
有这么多工作要做，我不能去度假。
______________________________________________________________________
这件事值得考虑。
______________________________________________________________________
他定下一个规矩，绝不向人借钱。
______________________________________________________________________
他匆忙赶到车站，结果发现火车已经走了。(作结果状语)
______________________________________________________________________
不定式作状语常作目的状语，也可作结果状语(往往指不好的，出乎意料的结果)。
I raised my voice to make myself heard.
I have a lot of work to do.
To see is to believe.
He didn’t even bother to say thank you.
With so much work to do, I can’t go on holiday.
This matter is worth considering.
He made it a rule never to borrow money from anyone.
He hurried to the station only to find that the train had already left.
必修一U3【Extended Reading语法】
●Extended Reading
Words
1.reflection
n.沉思；反射；映像；反映
【变形】reflect vi.思考 vt.思考；映射；反射
【拓展】
★on reflection 仔细想来，经过慎重考虑
without reflection 不假思索地
★reflect on/upon 思考，反省
◎Quiet periods of reflection can lead to personal improvement.
【习题】
【2023中南博才高二上月考1】A person’s self-concept________________ (reflect) in the way he or she behaves and the way a person thinks about themselves which has a deep effect on all areas of their lives.
is reflected
2. seek
vi.试图；寻找；争取 vt.寻求；寻找
【变形】seeker n. 找寻者，追求者
【拓展】
★seek to do sth. 试图做某事；努力做某事
seek out 找到；寻出
seek for 找寻；寻求
seek after 追求；寻求
seek one’s fortune 外出寻找发财的机会
◎When we seek to be alone, … we do not always escape into our own world.
◎Job seekers should actively seek employment opportunities.求职者应该积极寻找就业机会。
【习题】
【2022明德高一下期中】In finance, the hedge fund (避险基金) Renaissance Technologies dramatically defeated competitors by ______________ (seek) out patterns in stock market data and using them to inform its investment strategy.
seeking
【2024实验高一下期末】Nine out of ten conversations are about universities, dream jobs, or ____________ we want to seek after high school.
what
【2022一中高一下期中】So, seek advice from parents, older siblings, advisors at work, teachers, or someone ____________ you trust.
who/whom
3. escape
vi.& vt.逃脱，躲避；逃跑；避开，避免；被遗忘 n.逃离，逃脱
【拓展】
★escape from 从……逃脱/逃跑
escape＋n./doing sth. 避开(做)某事
escape one’s attention 逃过某人的注意
★a narrow escape 九死一生
下面两个短语的区别： escape from prison越狱 escape prison逃过牢狱之灾
【习题】
【2024长郡高一上期中】The moose escaped____________(hurt), but the same can’t be said for Koch’s poo--which now has two hoof-sized (马蹄大小的) holes in the bottom.
unhurt
【2023中南博才高二上月考1】For a worldwide audience in the pandemic, her beautiful D.I.Y videos have become _______ reliable source of escape and comfort.
a
benefit
n.优势；益处；成效 vt.使受益 vi.得益于
【变形】beneficial adj. 有益的
【拓展】
★be of benefit to... 对……有益的
for the benefit of... 为了……的利益
★benefit from... 从……中受益
benefit sb. 使某人获益
★be beneficial to... 对……有益
◎There are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy.
【习题】
【2022雅礼高一上月考3】Yoga can benefit three aspects of ourselves that ______________ (affect) by stress: our body, mind, and breathing.
are affected
【2024实验高一下期末】People from all walks of life benefit ____________ its countless qualities, whether they use it for pleasure
from
【2-2024弘益高二上期中】Sam is a fourth-year student at Harvard Medical School，but poetry is still a big part of his life，now with a new teacher，Rafael Campo，who believes poetry can benefit every __________(doctor) education and work.
doctor’s
5.comfort
vt. 安慰；抚慰
n. 安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸
【变形】comfortable
【变形】uncomfortable
【变形】comfortably
【拓展】
★in comfort 舒适地
give comfort to sb. 安慰某人
a great comfort to sb. 对某人来讲是莫大的安慰
★It is/was a comfort to do sth. 做...是件令人安慰的事。
【习题】
【2022雅礼高一上月考3】You may be __________(comfort) far away or you may only want to be a couple hours’ drive from home.
comfortable
【2024长郡高一上期中】Tell her that you appreciate all that she has done _____________ (raise) you and the lengths she will go to make sure you are happy and doing well at school, but ____________ it’s starting to make you uncomfortable.
58. to raise 59. that
【2022雅礼高一下期末】So one day, I Informed him ____________ the remaining time, and then he ____________ (comfort) me, “Don’t worry and we’ll have a free Saturday. ”
of comforted
6.failure
n.失败；失败的人(或事) ；未履行;故障
【变形】fail vi.&vt.失败；不及格；(健康、视力、记忆力)衰退
【拓展】
★a failure 一个失败的人/一件失败的事
★fail to do sth. 未能做某事
fail in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事中失败他没能
-ture/-ure [footnoteRef:0] [0: 由于-ure词缀几乎总是加在以t结尾的词根或单词之后的，所以可以把-ure看成是-ture。另，当词根或单词以s结尾时，会变形成-sure] (-sure) n. 表达行为，过程，结果，状态，结构 structure 结构，构造 (struct 建造) culture 文化 (cult 耕作，培养) nature 自然，本性 (nat 出生) picture 图片，图像 (pict 绘画) capture 捕获 (capt 抓住) lecture 讲座，讲课 (lect 读) manufacture 制造 (manu = mani 手, fact = 做) furniture 家具 (furn 提供) temperature 温度 (temper 调节) [footnoteRef:1] [1: 注意将temper这个词根，与temp / tempo（时间）区分开] torture 折磨，酷刑 (tort 扭曲) departure 离开 (de 强调 + part 部分，分开) closure 关闭，结束 (clos 关) exposure 暴露 (ex 外 + pos 放)
【习题】
【2-2024一中高一上期中】 Kaufman was a professional dancer and black belt in taekwondo (跆拳道) when an autoimmune(自身免疫的) disease went undiagnosed and she ended up on life support in intensive care with organ ____________(fail).
failure
【2022雅礼高一下期末】When they fail to produce any ________(promise)results，Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again．
promising
7.moment
n.时光，时机；瞬间；某个时刻
【拓展】
★at the moment 现在
at that moment 在那时
for a moment 一会儿
for the moment 暂时
in a moment 马上
from that moment on 从那时起
★the moment＋从句　 一……就……
【习题】
【2022长郡高二上入学】Respect them more and ________(cherish) these moments
cherish
【2022长郡高二上入学】It occurred to my mind that hard ________ it is for people to guard against typhoon, it is advisable for a man to stop to think for a moment before he complains.
as
【2023一中高一下入学考】 moment he dismissed the students, a girl named Fiona made a path straight toward him, looked him right in the eye and said angrily that she hated him.
The
8.recognize
vt.承认；意识到；认出，辨别出
【变形】recognition n.承认；认出
【拓展】
★recognize one’s voice 辨别出某人的声音
recognize sb. as/to be... 承认某人是……
★It is recognized that... 人们公认……
◎We find it easier to recognize other people’s weaknesses than our own.
【习题】
【2023长郡高一上月考1】Lunar New Year becomes increasingly (recognize) across the world.
recognized
【2024长郡高一下适应性检测】The most special aspect of the hot springs is that they have long been recognized for their usage in medicine, can help improve blood circulation, reduce inflammation (炎症), and provide relief for muscle and joint pain.
which
【2023长郡高二上期末】For example, recognize those people often leave you feeling tired in life and avoid them.
who
9.company
n.陪伴，作伴；公司
【拓展】
★set up a company 开办公司
★for company 作伴；陪伴
in the company of 和……在一起
in company with 与……一起
keep pany 陪伴某人
【习题】
【2023雅礼高一上期中】Keep company them. Do things with your parents like watching TV, or going somewhere with them.
with
【2023长郡高二上期末】But the young company is far from having a commercial product, which (involve) complex human trials and governmental approval.
involves
crowd
n.一伙人，一帮人；人群 vt.挤满，使拥挤 vi.聚集；挤，涌
【变形】crowded adj. 拥挤的
【拓展】
★a crowd of/crowds of 一群，众多
★be crowded with 挤满……
★crowd around/round 聚集在……周围
crowd into 涌入，挤进……
【习题】
【2023长郡高一下月考1】The curtain goes up, and the crowd __________(fall) silent.
falls
11.admire
vt.钦佩；欣赏
【变形】admiring adj. 赞赏的；羡慕的
【变形】admirable adj. 可钦佩的；值得赞赏的
【变形】admiration n.钦佩；赞赏；羡慕
【拓展】
★admire...for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而钦佩、羡慕……
★in/with admiration 钦佩地
【习题】
He gave her an ___________ (admire) look in the competition.
在比赛时他给了她赞许的目光。
admiring
To be honest，what she has done is really ___________ (admire).
说实话，她所做的确实令人钦佩。
admirable
We are full of _____________ (admire) for all your hard work.
我们对你所有的辛勤工作满怀钦佩。
admiration
12.lead to
导致，造成（后果）；通向；通往
【拓展】
lead to the traffic accident ______________导致
lead to the top of the hill ______________通往
lead to failure ______________造成
lead to success ______________通向
lead sb. in doing sth. ______________引领
lead sb. to do sth. ______________领着
【习题】
The discovery of new evidence led to the thief _________________(catch).
being caught
He will lead the students _____________ (perform) the experiment.
to perform
It doesn't matter whether you turn right or left at the crossing - both roads ___________ (通向公园).
lead to the park
条条大路通罗马。
____________________________________________________________________
All roads lead to Rome.
Sentences
1. As we live in social groups，there are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy.
【拓展】
★As we live in social groups为as引导的原因状语从句，as在此表示“因为，由于”。
★as作从属连词的其他用法总结：
①引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候；随着……；一边……一边……”。
②引导方式状语从句，表示“按照，如，像”。
③引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”。
④引导比较状语从句，表示“像……一样地”。
He smiled politely as Mary apologized for her drunken friends. __________当
Hot as the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired. __________尽管
As he was busy, he had no time to play with his children. __________因为
You’d better do as the teacher has told you. __________正如
2. We often find it easier to recognize other people’s weaknesses than our own.
★“find＋it＋adj.＋to do sth. ”中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语。能用于本句型的动词除了find，还有feel，make，think，consider等。
【习题】
I don’t think it easy ___________ (study) a foreign language.
我认为学习一门外语不容易。
to study
Can you help me to make it easier ___________ (drive) a car？
你能帮我让开车变得更容易吗？
to drive
I don’t feel ______________ understand the Special English.
我觉得理解慢速英语并不难。
hard to
3. Friends should be carefully chosen and relationships carefully developed.
★本句存在并列句的省略现象，and连接的两个分句结构相同，谓语部分都有should be，那么可以省略第二个分句中的should be。
◎My office is on the ground floor and hers ( ) on the first. (省略is)
◎Reading means a full man, conference ( ) a ready man, and writing ( ) an exact man.(省略means)
◎You must stop, and ( ) at once this sort of behavior. (省略you must stop)
◎They attempted to escape, but ( ) in vain. (省略they attempted）必修一 Unit 3知识点
必修一U3【Reading语法】
●Reading
Words
sight
n.视野；视力；看见
◎We waved goodbye to the expert until he was out of sight.我们向这位专家挥手告别，直到看不见他为止。
◎Helen cried for help when she caught sight of a snake.海伦看见一条蛇时大声呼救起来。
◎The mountain town came into sight when we turned the last corner.当我们转过最后一个角落时，这个山城就映入眼帘了。
◎The boys became excited immediately at the sight of some eggs in the nest.男孩子们一看到鸟巢里的一些蛋就立马兴奋起来。
【拓展】
★out of one’s sight 脱离某人的视线
lose sight of 看不见
lose one’s sight 失明
catch sight of 看见
in sight 看得见
out of sight 看不见
at first sight 乍一看
at the sight of... 一看见……
【习题】
【2023长郡高一上期中】Have each person categorize activities or_______________(sight) into "must-see" "want to see" and "would go if we have time".
【2024长郡高一上期末】Durrell’s attention to detail is___________makes the book so winning, with every sight, sound and smell of the island brought to life.
【2-2024一中高一下期中】Unlike Grand Canyon, plentiful rain keeps Waimea Canyon and its surrounding area thick with vegetation (植被), and visitors are frequently treated to the sight ________vivid rainbows.
【2-2024一中高一下期中】Nova was walking down a street when she was at the sight of a messy and _______(rag) looking figure walking out of woods.
loss
n.失去，丧失；亏损；去世；损失
◎The loss of his job made him lose confidence in himself.工作的失去让他丧失了对自己的信心。
◎The gas price dropped sharply, and many countries suffered great losses.天然气价格急剧下跌，许多国家遭受巨大损失。
【拓展】
★at a loss 不知所措；困惑
★lose face 丢脸
lose one’s way 迷路
be lost in 沉迷于；专注于
【变形】lose vt.失去；迷失；输掉
【变形】lost adj.丢失的；迷路的
【习题】
【2022雨花区高一上】Unhealthy weight-loss____________ (habit) have become common among teenagers.
【2023一中高一下入学考】The stress of this situation is killing me, and I’m at a loss __________ to do next.
【2023一中高一下入学考】As individuals age, this gradual loss_________“centrality” is known in many social mammals, including humans.
【2022明德高一下期中】It is likely that investors will face ___________(lose) .
【2022明德高一下期中】And this is linked to heart disease, sleep ___________ (lose) and high blood pressure.
【2022长郡高一下期末】Zhu weeps bitterly over the ___________ (lose) of her love.
recover
vi.恢复健康;恢复常态 vt.全额收回;寻回;重新获得;恢复，重新控制
After surgery, it took him three months to fully recover, making a complete recovery.手术后，他花了三个月才完全康复，实现了彻底的恢复。
【拓展】
★recover from ... 从……中恢复过来
recover oneself 镇定下来
★make a recovery from 从……中恢复过来
【变形】recovery n.恢复；复苏；痊愈
【习题】
【2023一中高一上月考1】Having a healthy social network is good for your longevity, your ___________ (recover) from illnesses you contract, and your mental stability.
【2024长郡高一上期中】I feel like losing that bear and ___________ (recover) it was just my mom telling me.
【2022周南梅溪湖高一下入学考】I wouldn’t have had an operation. I wouldn’t ___________ (recover) .
【1-2024长郡高一下适应性检测】Visitors have the chance to experience the___________ (recover) power of these hot waters.
worth
adj. 有……价值的；值得的
◎The Great Wall is worthy to be visited./worthy of a visit/.being visited/
◎The Great Wall deserves visiting/to be visited.
【拓展】
易混词 成分 含义 结构
worth 表语 值得的 be worth + n./pron./doing
worthy 表语 值得的 be worthy + of +n. /being done be worthy to be done
定语 值得尊敬的； 注意的
worthwhile 表语/定语 值得的 It is worthwhile doing/ to do
【习题】
【2022长郡高一上期中】It'll take up some of my spare time, ________this friendship is worth my extra time and effort.
【2024二附中高一上期中】I’m so sorry! But this friendship is worth ___________ (save): eight years is a long time!
【2024二附中高一上期中】Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth___________(take).
5.judge
vt.& vi.评价；(尤指)批评；判断，认为
n.法官；裁判员
◎The judge will judge the case based on evidence and sound judgment.法官将根据证据和合理的判断来审理此案。
◎You should apologize to your teacher for your bad behaviour.你应该为你的不良行为向你的老师道歉。
◎The teenager realized he was in the wrong and made an apology to his mother at last.这位青少年意识到自己错了，最后向母亲道了歉。
◎I owe my mother an apology for telling a lie to her.我应向我的母亲道歉，因为我对她撒谎了。
【拓展】
★judge...by/from... 根据……判断……
as far as I can judge 据我判断
★judging by/from... 从……来判断
★make a judg(e)ment on 对……做出评价
in one’s judg(e)ment 在某人看来
【变形】judg(e)ment n.判断力；意见，看法
【习题】
【2024二附中高一上期中】We should not judge a person ______ his appearance.
【2023长郡高一下月考1】________ (judge) from what he said，he was very disappointed.
【2023长郡高一下月考1】The boy showed excellent ___________ (judge) in choosing a friend.
【2024二附中高一上期中】Don’t be so quick___________ (judge) your friend.
【3-2024雅礼高一下期末】Don’t judge a book_________ its cover.
6.apologize
vi.道歉，谢罪
◎He refused to apologize, though his apology could have resolved the conflict.他拒绝道歉，尽管他的道歉本可以解决冲突。
◎You should apologize to your teacher for your bad behaviour.你应该为你的不良行为向你的老师道歉。
◎The teenager realized he was in the wrong and made an apology to his mother at last.这位青少年意识到自己错了，最后向母亲道了歉。
◎I owe my mother an apology for telling a lie to her.我应向我的母亲道歉，因为我对她撒谎了。
【拓展】
★apologize to sb. for sth. 因为某事向某人道歉
★make an apology to sb. for sth. 因为某事向某人道歉
★owe sb. an apology=owe an apology to sb. 应向某人道歉
【变形】apology n. 道歉
【习题】
【2024二附中高一上期中I will apologize to her _______ not delivering her goods on time.
【2023一中高一下月考3】In effect, the young girl owed me an _______ (apologize).
【3-2024实验高一下期末】You should make an apology to her _______ what you have said.
7.behaviour
n.行为，举止；态度
◎The waiter apologized for his bad behaviour towards the customers.这个服务员为他对顾客不得体行为道歉。
◎A few guys behaved badly towards me at the party, which made me angry.几个小伙子在聚会上对我很不好，这让我很生气。
◎The woman asked her son to behave himself at the party.这个妇女让她儿子在聚会上表现得得体一些。
【拓展】
★behave oneself 表现得体，有礼貌；行为规矩
behave well/badly to/towards sb. 对待某人好/差
【变形】behave v.举动；(举止或行为)表现
【习题】
【1-2024一中高一下月考1】Perhaps she knows she’s in the wrong and wants to apologize, or maybe she has a simple _____________ (explain) for her behaviour.
【1-2024麓山国际高一下检测1】 Scientists say it might be a form of addictive ________________ (behave).
8.frank
adj. 坦率的，直率的
◎Find an opportunity to have a full and frank talk with her.找个机会和她深入、坦诚的谈一谈。
◎To be frank, I appreciate your frank opinion about this matter.坦率地说，我欣赏你对这件事的坦率意见。
【拓展】
to be frank 坦白地说（常作插入语）=frankly speaking
常用不定式作插入语的其他表述：
to tell the truth = to be honest
to be exact = exactly speaking
to be brief
to begin/start with
【2024二附中高一上期中】In any case, find an opportunity to have ________ full and frank talk with her.
9.trick
vt.欺骗，欺诈
n.诡计，花招；戏法
【拓展】
★trick sb. into doing sth. 诱使某人做某事
trick sb. out of sth. 从某人处骗走某物
★play a trick/tricks on 搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑
【习题】
【2024二附中高一上期中】When I found out that I ____________ (trick) by him, I was really hurt and let go of our friendship.
10.ignore
vt.忽视，对……不予理会
◎Your friend ignores your feelings or makes you suffer.
◎His ignorance of basic facts shows he's completely ignorant about this topic.他对基本事实的无知表明他对这个话题完全不了解。
【拓展】
★ignore one’s advice 忽视某人的建议
ignore traffic rules 无视交通规则
★be ignorant of/about 不知道……
【变形】ignorant adj. 无知的；愚昧的
【习题】
【2024二附中高一上期中The man is _________ (ignore) of the dangers of too much sun.
【2024二附中高一上期中】However, if your friend _________ (ignore) your feelings or makes you suffer, it’s time to rethink your friendship.
11.suffer
vi.受苦，受折磨；变差 vt.遭受，蒙受
◎The gas price dropped sharply, and many countries suffered great losses.天然气价格急剧下跌，许多国家遭受巨大损失。
◎It is said that the old man has gone through kinds of sufferings during the war.据说，这位老人在战争中经历了种种苦难。
◎Studies show that people are more likely to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.研究表明，如果人们总是长时间坐在电脑屏幕前，他们极有可能患上背部问题。
【拓展】
★suffer from 遭受；忍受
suffer stress/losses 承受压力/遭受损失
【变形】suffering n.痛苦；苦难
【变形】sufferer n.患病者；受难者
suffer做及物动词，宾语是抽象的损害、痛苦等，如：suffer pain/defeat/loss(es)/side effects。
suffer from常加具体的表示不幸或痛苦的名词，如:遭受战争、自然灾害、疾病带来的痛苦。
【习题】
【2022一中高一下阶段性检测3】I hope this anxious matter would end my _________ (suffer).
【2022师大附中高一上】I _______________ (suffer) from cancer and was under strict requirements to use medical shampoos, creams and tablets.
【2023长郡高一下月考1】A person who ______________ (suffer) from stage fright may get sweaty hands, a dry mouth, a tight throat, or shaky knees.
12.contact
vt.& n.联系，联络
【拓展】
★keep eye contact 保持目光接触
lose contact with 与……失去联系
get/keep/stay in contact with 与……保持联系
make contact with 与……取得联系
【习题】
【2023长郡高一下月考1】Make more friends than professional ______________ (contact).
【2023一中高一下月考3】Inner sunshine warms not only the heart of the owner, but all who come in contact ______________ it.
【2023一中高一上月考1】A madam ______________ (contact) me and asked if I would make a bunny doll with one eye for her two-year-old daughter
To expand your social ______________ (contact), join an organization.
13.explode
vi. (愤怒等情感)爆发，迸发；爆炸
vt.使爆炸
【拓展】
★explode with/into 爆发，突发……
explode with laughter 一下子大笑
★the exploding world population
【变形】explosion n.爆炸；爆发；激增
14.turn to
______________ 调小;拒绝 ______________ 打翻;翻身;移交
______________ 证明是;结果是;生产,制造 ______________ 调大;出现
turn around ______________ turn in ______________
turn into ______________ turn off ______________
turn on ______________
15.hang out
游荡；闲逛
【拓展】
hang about/around 闲逛；转悠
hang on 稍等；不要挂断(电话)；紧紧握住
hang on to 保留，保存；紧紧抓住
hang up 挂断(电话)
hang over 使忧心忡忡，担心可能发生
【习题】
There were some kids hanging ______________ in the street.街上有几个孩子在闲逛。
Hang ____，I’ll go to his room and see whether he’s there.别挂断，我这就去他房间看看他在不在那里。
He hung ____ before I could answer his question.我还没来得及回答他的问题，他就挂断电话了。
With the exams hanging ____ her head，she can’t sleep at night.随着考试临近，她晚上都睡不着觉。
16.out of...
【拓展】
out of breath ______________ out of control ______________
out of danger ______________ out of date ______________
out of mind ______________ out of question ______________
out of order ______________ out of reach ______________
【习题】
Don't be skeptical about him. His capability is ______________.
The fire, ignored at the beginning, has been ____________ and spread quickly.
Father, the story you told is __________. If you want me to be your listener, just give me something new.
The path was so steep that when I finally climbed to the top of the mountain, I was already ____________.
这个仪表发生了故障。 The instrument went _____________.
他仅仅是由于好奇心才去的。 He went only ____________________.
17.pick up
【习题】
He picked up gradually after a long illness. ______________
Seeing this scene，John picked up speed and headed out of the town. ______________
It’s surprising that your brother picked up Russia so quickly. ______________
We are able to pick up the Voice of America on the radio. ______________
It occurred to me that I could pick her up at the airport. ______________
The room must be picked up before the guests arrive. ______________
The boy picked up the keys and handed them to the old man. ______________
18.let go of
放弃；摒弃；松手，放开
【拓展】
★let out 发出(声音)；放走；(把衬衣、外套等)放大
let alone 更不用说
let down 使失望
Sentences
1. Teenagers have difficulty maintaining their friendships.
【拓展】
★have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
have trouble/difficulty with sth. 在某方面有困难
【习题】
That day we had no trouble __________ (find) his new house.
It is said that they had little trouble _________ new school life.
You can’t imagine what trouble she has _________ (raise) her children.
2. Our original plan was to see a film at the cinema that afternoon.
【拓展】
句中的to see a film at the cinema that afternoon是不定式作表语，在句中表示将要发生的动作。
be to do sth. 表示按计划、安排、决定、命令要做的事或注定要发生的事；
be about to do sth. 表示即将、马上要做的事，常与when搭配使用；
be going to do sth. 表示说话者主观打算做某事或客观迹象表明即将发生某事。
【习题】
They said goodbye, little knowing they were never _______ (meet) again.
他们道了别，根本不知道再也不会相见。
No one is _______ (leave) the building without permission.未经允许，任何人不得离开这座大楼。
She was about _______ (close) the window when it began to rain.她正要关上窗户，这时天开始下雨了。
3. A classmate told me she had seen my friend chatting with another girl in a café.
【拓展】
句中使用了“see+宾语+宾补”的结构，
宾语补足语既可以是不带to的动词不定式，也可以是现在分词和过去分词。
除see外还有一些动词，如watch, observe, notice, hear, listen to等，也可用不带to的不定式、现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语。
结构 含义 例句
see sb do 看到动作全过程 I saw her enter the hall.
see sb doing 看到动作正在进行 I saw her playing by the river.
see sb done 看到某人被…… I saw her knocked down by a car.
【习题】
We are glad to see some companies ______ (make ) the most of the resources.
I looked up and noticed a snake ________(wind) its way up the tree to catch its food.
The manager was satisfied to see many new products __________(develop) after great effort.
不带to的不定式作宾语补足语时，如变成被动句，则需加上to，这时不定式成为主语补足语。
When I visited him yesterday, I noticed ____________________(他正在花园里干活).
He was seen _____________________ (救了一只受伤的鸟).
I heard him ______________________(在一次车祸中受伤了).。
4. The stress of this situation is killing me, and I’m at a loss what to do next.
本句使用了“疑问词+不定式”结构
【习题】
_________________________________________________________.
如何激发学生的学习兴趣很重要。
He was in a puzzle about _______________.
下一步做什么，他感到困惑不解。
The question is ______________________.
问题是何时废除这条法律。
He has no idea _______________________________.
他不知道是否做这个实验。
必修一U3【Grammar语法】
●Grammar & Integrated skills
Words
1.quality
n. 品德，素质；质量；特征
adj. 优质的，高质量的
【拓展】
★be of good/bad quality 质量好
★be of high/poor quality 质量差
★product quality 产品质量
★quality of life 生活质量
★quality education 素质教育
★quality service 优质的服务
【习题】
【0-2024长郡高三下模1】Experts say that the quality of praise_____________(be) more important than the quantity.
【2024一中高一上月考1】High quality garden __________(tool) can make excellent garden gift ideas.
2.count
v.数数；包括；重要；看作；认为
n.数量；计数
【拓展】
★count on 依靠，依赖 count on one’s support
count...as 把...视作
★rely on 依靠，依赖
★depend on 依靠，依赖
【习题】
The woman is counting the coins on the table. __________
I count him as one of my best friends. __________
Health counts more than money as you walk the "path of life”. __________
There are 50 people on the plane，not counting the pilot. __________
【2024长郡高三上月考1】The position is in Antarctica, and one of the key_______________ (require) is the ability to count penguins(企鹅).
【2024长郡高二上月考1】That was the first time Dad had counted _____ me in a moment of emergency.
3.respect
vt.尊重，尊敬
n.尊敬；敬意；重视；方面
【拓展】
★respect sb. for sth. 因某事而尊敬某人
★have/show respect for sb. 尊敬某人
out of respect 出于尊重
give/send one’s respects to sb. 向某人表达敬意；问候某人
★in all/many respects 在所有/许多方面
in respect of=with respect to 关于；就……而言
【变形】respectful adj.恭敬的
【变形】respectable adj.可敬的，体面的
【变形】respectively adv.分别；各自；顺序为；依次为
【习题】
【4-2024一中高三上月考4】Once you have made the list of your values, needs, and wants, use that knowledge to establish clear boundaries ___________ respect yourself and those around you.
【2022长郡高一上期中】I can see that both are important to him. I must respect and support the choices he ___________ (make).
【2023长郡高一上期中】At the same time, listen to their concerns and be ___________ (respect) to them.
【2023长郡高一上期中】You are bound to be the one caring about others. And remember that ______________ (consider) and respect go a long way.
【2023雅礼高一上期中】It will make your attitude better and earn you _____________(much) respect from them.
4.measure
vt.估量，判定；测量
n.措施；衡量
【拓展】
★measure...by... 用……衡量
be measured by/in... 用……来计算/衡量
★take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
make...to one’s measure 根据某人的尺寸做……
beyond measure 无法估量的
【变形】measurement n.测量；衡量
注意：measure作“尺寸”讲时，常用作不可数名词；而作“措施”讲时，通常用复数形式。
【习题】
【2022雅礼高一上月考1】Therefore, sea level can vary depending on where it ______________ (measure) in the world, and it is not a constant(常数).
【2022雅礼高一上月考1】The ______________ (measure) of mean sea level has many uses
【2022雅礼高一上月考1】A change in the height of the land can also affect the ______________ (measure) of the sea.
【2022一中高一上检测1】The research, based on a seven-year dietary analysis of 50,000 adults, finds that body weight, ______________ (measure) by body mass index (体重指数)(BMI).
5.take the place of
代替
◎The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, letting in the natural light during the day.玻璃门取代了入口的木制门，白天的时候让自然光射进来。
【拓展】
take one's place 代替；接替；就座；占据一席之地
in place of 代替；取代
in place 在适当的位置;在原处
in the first place 最初；首先；第一
【习题】
【2022雅礼高一上月考1】However，online materials are taking ____________ place of books，and reading books seems to go out of fashion nowadays．
6.put down
放下；写下；镇压
【拓展】
put aside 忽视；储存……备用
put away 收起；储蓄
put out 扑灭；出版
put off 推迟
put up 张贴
7.in person
亲自，亲身
◎In that case, please apologize in person as soon as possible.在那种情况下，请尽快亲自去道歉。
◎My wife and I live in Canada's west coast and our son lives on its east coast, and we hadn't seen him in person for more than two years.
【拓展】
in surprise 吃惊地
in advance 提前
in secret 秘密地
in trouble 处于困难中
in danger 处于危险中
in debt 负债
8.take up
占据（时间、空间等）；拿起，接受，开始；继续
【拓展】
take away 拿走，带走，减去，消除
take back 收回；带回
take down 降低，放下；拆除，拆卸；记录，记下；打击，使沮丧；被攻击，被侵袭
take for 认为（某人是某种人）；误以为
take in 吸收；欣赏；收留；缩小
take off 脱下；起飞；脱离；扣除；模仿
take on 开始承担或处理；与……竞争；雇佣；承担或获得；表达情感
take over 接管；接手；接收
【习题】
【2-2024一中高一下期中】Urquhart launched the Run Antarctica aiming to encourage more women _____________(take) up sport.
9.get over
克服，恢复常态
【拓展】
get on 获得知识或理解;与某人相处融洽
get off 下车；起床；离开
get away (from) 逃离；摆脱；离开
get in 到达；变得友好；加入；成功做到；纳入日程；进入
get rid of 摆脱；除掉；除去；丢弃
get along/on with 和...相处
get through 完成；熬过；用完，消耗；使…理解；通过（考试）；通过（法律、提案）
get down to 开始做某事；
【习题】
【2022长郡高一上期中】I should also encourage him _____________(take) action to get over these difficulties.
10.brings out
使显现，使表现出
【拓展】
bring up 抚养；培养；教导；提出；呕吐
bring in 引进；获利
bring about 引起；导致
bring down 使倒下；减少
Sentences
1. To make friends a real part of our lives, we should…
本句使用了To make friends a real part of our lives不定式短语作目的状语。
我提高了嗓门以便让别人听到我的话。
______________________________________________________________________
我有很多工作要做。
______________________________________________________________________
眼见为实。
______________________________________________________________________
他甚至连说一声谢谢都不肯。
______________________________________________________________________
有这么多工作要做，我不能去度假。
______________________________________________________________________
这件事值得考虑。
______________________________________________________________________
他定下一个规矩，绝不向人借钱。
______________________________________________________________________
他匆忙赶到车站，结果发现火车已经走了。(作结果状语)
______________________________________________________________________
不定式作状语常作目的状语，也可作结果状语(往往指不好的，出乎意料的结果)。
必修一U3【Extended Reading语法】
●Extended Reading
Words
1.reflection
n.沉思；反射；映像；反映
◎Quiet periods of reflection can lead to personal improvement.
【拓展】
★on reflection 仔细想来，经过慎重考虑
without reflection 不假思索地
★reflect on/upon 思考，反省
【变形】reflect vi.思考 vt.思考；映射；反射
【习题】
【2023中南博才高二上月考1】A person’s self-concept________________ (reflect) in the way he or she behaves and the way a person thinks about themselves which has a deep effect on all areas of their lives.
2. seek
vi.试图；寻找；争取 vt.寻求；寻找
◎When we seek to be alone, … we do not always escape into our own world.
◎Job seekers should actively seek employment opportunities.求职者应该积极寻找就业机会。
【拓展】
★seek to do sth. 试图做某事；努力做某事
seek out 找到；寻出
seek for 找寻；寻求
seek after 追求；寻求
seek one’s fortune 外出寻找发财的机会
【变形】seeker n. 找寻者，追求者
【习题】
【2022明德高一下期中】In finance, the hedge fund (避险基金) Renaissance Technologies dramatically defeated competitors by ______________ (seek) out patterns in stock market data and using them to inform its investment strategy.
【2024实验高一下期末】Nine out of ten conversations are about universities, dream jobs, or ____________ we want to seek after high school.
【2022一中高一下期中】So, seek advice from parents, older siblings, advisors at work, teachers, or someone ____________ you trust.
3. escape
vi.& vt.逃脱，躲避；逃跑；避开，避免；被遗忘 n.逃离，逃脱
【拓展】
★escape from 从……逃脱/逃跑
escape＋n./doing sth. 避开(做)某事
escape one’s attention 逃过某人的注意
★a narrow escape 九死一生
下面两个短语的区别： escape from prison越狱 escape prison逃过牢狱之灾
【习题】
【2024长郡高一上期中】The moose escaped____________(hurt), but the same can’t be said for Koch’s poo--which now has two hoof-sized (马蹄大小的) holes in the bottom.
【2023中南博才高二上月考1】For a worldwide audience in the pandemic, her beautiful D.I.Y videos have become _______ reliable source of escape and comfort.
benefit
n.优势；益处；成效 vt.使受益 vi.得益于
◎There are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy.
【拓展】
★be of benefit to... 对……有益的
for the benefit of... 为了……的利益
★benefit from... 从……中受益
benefit sb. 使某人获益
★be beneficial to... 对……有益
【变形】beneficial adj. 有益的
【习题】
【2022雅礼高一上月考3】Yoga can benefit three aspects of ourselves that ______________ (affect) by stress: our body, mind, and breathing.
【2024实验高一下期末】People from all walks of life benefit ____________ its countless qualities, whether they use it for pleasure
【2-2024弘益高二上期中】Sam is a fourth-year student at Harvard Medical School，but poetry is still a big part of his life，now with a new teacher，Rafael Campo，who believes poetry can benefit every __________(doctor) education and work.
5.comfort
vt. 安慰；抚慰
n. 安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸
【拓展】
★in comfort 舒适地
give comfort to sb. 安慰某人
a great comfort to sb. 对某人来讲是莫大的安慰
★It is/was a comfort to do sth. 做...是件令人安慰的事。
【变形】comfortable
【变形】uncomfortable
【变形】comfortably
【习题】
【2022雅礼高一上月考3】You may be __________(comfort) far away or you may only want to be a couple hours’ drive from home.
【2024长郡高一上期中】Tell her that you appreciate all that she has done _____________ (raise) you and the lengths she will go to make sure you are happy and doing well at school, but ____________ it’s starting to make you uncomfortable.
【2022雅礼高一下期末】So one day, I Informed him ____________ the remaining time, and then he ____________ (comfort) me, “Don’t worry and we’ll have a free Saturday. ”
6.failure
n.失败；失败的人(或事) ；未履行;故障
【拓展】
★a failure 一个失败的人/一件失败的事
★fail to do sth. 未能做某事
fail in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事中失败他没能
【变形】fail vi.&vt.失败；不及格；(健康、视力、记忆力)衰退
【习题】
【2-2024一中高一上期中】 Kaufman was a professional dancer and black belt in taekwondo (跆拳道) when an autoimmune(自身免疫的) disease went undiagnosed and she ended up on life support in intensive care with organ ____________(fail).
【2022雅礼高一下期末】When they fail to produce any ________(promise)results，Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again．
7.moment
n.时光，时机；瞬间；某个时刻
【拓展】
★at the moment 现在
at that moment 在那时
for a moment 一会儿
for the moment 暂时
in a moment 马上
from that moment on 从那时起
★the moment＋从句　 一……就……
【习题】
【2022长郡高二上入学】Respect them more and ________(cherish) these moments
【2022长郡高二上入学】It occurred to my mind that hard ________ it is for people to guard against typhoon, it is advisable for a man to stop to think for a moment before he complains.
【2023一中高一下入学考】 moment he dismissed the students, a girl named Fiona made a path straight toward him, looked him right in the eye and said angrily that she hated him.
8.recognize
vt.承认；意识到；认出，辨别出
◎We find it easier to recognize other people’s weaknesses than our own.
【拓展】
★recognize one’s voice 辨别出某人的声音
recognize sb. as/to be... 承认某人是……
★It is recognized that... 人们公认……
【变形】recognition n.承认；认出
【习题】
【2023长郡高一上月考1】Lunar New Year becomes increasingly (recognize) across the world.
【2024长郡高一下适应性检测】The most special aspect of the hot springs is that they have long been recognized for their usage in medicine, can help improve blood circulation, reduce inflammation (炎症), and provide relief for muscle and joint pain.
【2023长郡高二上期末】For example, recognize those people often leave you feeling tired in life and avoid them.
9.company
n.陪伴，作伴；公司
【拓展】
★set up a company 开办公司
★for company 作伴；陪伴
in the company of 和……在一起
in company with 与……一起
keep pany 陪伴某人
【习题】
【2023雅礼高一上期中】Keep company them. Do things with your parents like watching TV, or going somewhere with them.
【2023长郡高二上期末】But the young company is far from having a commercial product, which (involve) complex human trials and governmental approval.
crowd
n.一伙人，一帮人；人群 vt.挤满，使拥挤 vi.聚集；挤，涌
【拓展】
★a crowd of/crowds of 一群，众多
★be crowded with 挤满……
★crowd around/round 聚集在……周围
crowd into 涌入，挤进……
【变形】crowded adj. 拥挤的
【习题】
It is impolite behavior to smoke in a ____________ (crowd) bus.
在拥挤的公共汽车上抽烟是不礼貌的行为。
We all crowded ________________ the stove to keep warm.
我们都挤在炉边取暖。
People crowded ________ the cinema to see the film directed by her.
人们涌入电影院去看她导演的电影。
He gathered ____________________ people round him.
他在自己四周聚集了一大群人。
【2023长郡高一下月考1】The curtain goes up, and the crowd __________(fall) silent.
11.admire
vt.钦佩；欣赏
【拓展】
★admire...for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而钦佩、羡慕……
★in/with admiration 钦佩地
【变形】admiring adj. 赞赏的；羡慕的
【变形】admirable adj. 可钦佩的；值得赞赏的
【变形】admiration n.钦佩；赞赏；羡慕
【习题】
He gave her an ___________ (admire) look in the competition.
在比赛时他给了她赞许的目光。
To be honest，what she has done is really ___________ (admire).
说实话，她所做的确实令人钦佩。
We are full of _____________ (admire) for all your hard work.
我们对你所有的辛勤工作满怀钦佩。
12.lead to
导致，造成（后果）；通向；通往
【拓展】
lead to the traffic accident ______________
lead to the top of the hill _______________
lead to failure ______________
lead to success ______________
lead sb. in doing sth. ______________
lead sb. to do sth. ______________
【习题】
The discovery of new evidence led to the thief _________________(catch).
He will lead the students _____________ (perform) the experiment.
It doesn't matter whether you turn right or left at the crossing - both roads ___________ (通向公园).
条条大路通罗马。
____________________________________________________________________
Sentences
1. As we live in social groups，there are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy.
【拓展】
★As we live in social groups为as引导的原因状语从句，as在此表示“因为，由于”。
★as作从属连词的其他用法总结：
①引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候；随着……；一边……一边……”。
②引导方式状语从句，表示“按照，如，像”。
③引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”。
④引导比较状语从句，表示“像……一样地”。
He smiled politely as Mary apologized for her drunken friends. __________
Hot as the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired. __________
As he was busy，he had no time to play with his children. __________
You’d better do as the teacher has told you. __________
2. We often find it easier to recognize other people’s weaknesses than our own.
★“find＋it＋adj.＋to do sth. ”中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语。能用于本句型的动词除了find，还有feel，make，think，consider等。
【习题】
I don’t think it easy ___________ (study) a foreign language.
我认为学习一门外语不容易。
Can you help me to make it easier ___________ (drive) a car？
你能帮我让开车变得更容易吗？
I don’t feel ______________ understand the Special English.
我觉得理解慢速英语并不难。
3. Friends should be carefully chosen and relationships carefully developed.
★本句存在并列句的省略现象，and连接的两个分句结构相同，谓语部分都有should be，那么可以省略第二个分句中的should be。
◎My office is on the ground floor and hers ( ) on the first. (省略is)
◎Reading means a full man, conference ( ) a ready man, and writing ( ) an exact man.(省略means)
◎You must stop, and ( ) at once this sort of behavior. (省略you must stop)
◎They attempted to escape, but ( ) in vain. (省略they attempted）必修一 Unit 4知识点
必修一U4【Reading语法】
●Reading
Words
1.skip
vt.&vi.不做(应做的事情等)；跳过；蹦蹦跳跳地走；略过
【拓展】
★skip breakfast 不吃早餐
skip school/class 逃学/旷课
skip a grade 跳级
skip over the fence 跳过栅栏
skip over the details 略过细节
【习题】
【2022长郡高一上期末】They____________(regular) skip meals and even eat weight-loss pills.
regularly
【2023一中高一上月考3】She had struggled with eating problems for a long time, for she thought____________ (skip) meals would be a simple way to reach her target weight.
skipping
2.concentrate
vi.& vt.集中(注意力、思想等)；全神贯注
【变形】concentration n. 集中精力；专心
【拓展】
★concentrate on 集中；全神贯注于
concentrate one’s attention on... 集中精力于……
focus on 集中注意力于……
【2022雨花区高一上期末】Because of this, she had difficulty in_______________(concentrate) in class.
concentrating
【2022雅礼高一下期末】Another idea is that rosemary appears to lower anxiety, which in turn, may increase the ability_______________(concentrate).
to concentrate
3.extreme
adj.极端的;极度的;偏激的;尽头的 n.末端;极端;极端的事物
【变形】extremely adv. 非常，极其；极端地
【拓展】
★in the extreme 极其;极端;极
★to the extreme 走向极端
【2022雅礼高一下期末】Being thin is often seen as being beautiful. __________, teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down quickly.
However
【2024实验高一下期末】Bruno Della Vedova, president of the Italian Geothermal Union, hopes that in the future other Italian regions could benefit from such a resource, which is__________ (extreme) important when the whole world looks to transition to renewable energy.
extremely
4.concern
adj.担心的，忧虑的;关注的，关切的
【拓展】
★be concerned about 担心;关心
be concerned with 与……相关
★as far as ... be concerned 在某人看来……；就……而言
【2024一中高一下期中】And new plants often run into opposition from nearby communities over health __________(concern).
concerns
【2022雅礼高一上月考3】He asked the officials _________ (concern) to put safety at the first place.
concerned
effect
n.效果，作用；影响
【变形】effective adj. 有效的；生效的
【拓展】
★side effect 副作用
be of no effect 无效
have an effect on/upon 对……产生影响
bring/put/carry...into effect 实行；使……生效
come into effect 生效，开始实施
take effect 生效，起作用
in effect 实际上；有效；在实施中
-ive a. 有……性质的 会导致……的 倾向于……的 (另参见-ative) active 积极的，活跃的 (act 做) passive 被动的 (pass 承受) defective 有缺陷的 (de离开 +fect做) repulsive 令人厌恶的 (re反 + puls = push推) pensive 沉思的，愁苦的 (pens 悬挂，悬而未决)
n. 人或物 detective 侦探 (detect 察觉) captive 俘虏 (capt 抓住) native 本地人 (nat 出生) explosive 炸药 (explode 爆炸)
【2024麓山高三上入学】It appears as a deep sense of envy, and constant exposure to it can have _________weakening effect on our self-esteem(自尊).
a
【2025一中高三上月考2】You can’t _____________(effective) learn important skills without applying these concepts to real life.
effectively
【2-2024一中高三下模2】If this is the case, they will dismiss the praise, making it ______________(effective)
ineffective
6.prove
v.后来被发现是 vt.证明，证实
【拓展】
★prove a point 证明一个观点
prove sth. to sb. 向……证明……
prove n/pron. (to be) n/adj.
prove + 宾语从句
prove (+ to be) + n./adj.
It is proved that... 据证实……
【2022雨花区高一上期末】They regularly skip meals and even eat weight-loss pills. These methods prove to be _____________ (harm) to teenagers.
harmful
【2022一中高三月考1】We should respect this body of knowledge even as we search for clear scientific support_____________ (prove) it true or false.
to prove
7.function
vi.起作用，正常工作，运转
n.作用，功能，职能
【拓展】
★perform a function 发挥作用
★function as 用作；起……的作用=serve as，act as
【2023雅礼高三下月考（七）】While eating is _____________ (function), and our bodies need the fuel that food provides.
functional
【2023雅礼高三下月考（七）】When a satellite stops _____________ (function), it keeps orbiting at very high speeds, making a great threat for the useful ones.
functioning
8. frightened
adj.害怕的，惊吓的，受惊的
【变形】frightening adj.令人害怕的，吓人的
【变形】frighten vt.使害怕；使恐惧
【拓展】
★be frightened to death 吓得要死
be frightened of/at/that... 害怕……
★frighten sb. into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事
frighten sb. out of doing sth. 恐吓某人使其不敢做某事
【0-2024长郡高三下模1】The sudden voice _____________ (frighten) me and the bracket fell into two parts.
frightened
9.rather
adv.相反，而是；相当；更准确地说
【拓展】
★would rather 宁愿……
★rather than 而不是
★or rather 更确切地说
10.pass out
昏迷，失去知觉；分发(同义词: faint vi.昏厥)
【拓展】
pass away 去世
pass by 经过
pass down 传给后人;把……往下传
pass ... on to 把……传递给
【2024雅礼高三下综合测试1】Why To survive, every generation has found it necessary _____________ (pass) on its knowledge, skills, values, and traditions to the next generation.
to pass
【2022雅礼高三模拟（二）】Even though change may be painful and so hard sometimes, it’s still better than the pain of feeling powerless _____________ you watch your dreams pass you by.
as
【2024雅礼高三下月考8】For example, boys of the Yao nationality have to pass about ten dangerous tests and take oaths (宣誓) ____________________ (conduct) bad deeds.
not to conduct
11.take in
吸收：接收并理解信息或知识；欣赏：观看或参观某事物以获得愉悦或满足；
收留：为某人提供临时住所；缩小：使衣物尺寸变小。
【拓展】
To read an article is one thing, and to take in fully is another. __________
She took Tom in completely with her story she made up. __________
The old man took in some homeless dogs. __________
Most plants take in CO2, and give out O2. __________
The tour takes in six European capitals. __________
吸收 欺骗 收留 吸入 囊括、参观
12.get into shape
强身健体
【拓展】
★in shape 在形状上；健康状况良好
out of shape 变形；身体不健康
in the shape of 以……的形状
in good/bad shape 身体健康/不健康
★take shape 形成
be shaped like 形状像……
必修一U4【Grammar语法】
●Grammar & Integrated skills
Words
memory
n.记忆力，记性；记忆，回忆
【拓展】
★in memory of 为了纪念
in honor of 为了纪念……为了向……表示敬意
in need of 需要
in favor of 支持
in charge of 负责，掌管
in search of 寻找
in case of 万一，以防
【习题】
【2023长郡高三下月考6】She left us too soon, but she left her children ____________ the memory of being loved.
with
2. attack
n.发作；攻击；抨击
vt.&vi.攻击；侵袭；抨击
【拓展】
★an air attack 空袭
under attack 受到攻击
personal attack 人身攻击
a heart attack 心脏病
an attack on 针对……的攻击
make/launch an attack on/against... 攻击…… ；抨击……
【习题】
【2023一中等名校联考3】If that's the case, __________(addition) studies on how great whites use those senses could help establish interventions(干预) to prevent further attacks.
additional
【2023长郡高三上期中】In modern times, the Mu Us, the fourth __________ (large) desert in China, began to move southward and passed the Great Wall, __________ (attack) Yulin (Shaan Xi province).
largest attacking
3. amount
n.数量
【拓展】
★the amount of… ……的数量
a large amount of 大量的
large amounts of 大量的
注意： a large amount of＋不可数名词＋谓语动词单数形式；
large amounts of＋不可数名词＋谓语动词复数形式。
【习题】
Today $8 or $10 seems ___________________ money.(2019·全国Ⅲ )
今天8美元或者10美元好像是很少量的钱。
They prevented him from spending _________________ money in repairing that roof.
他们阻止他在修那个屋顶上花很多钱。
A large amount of money was spent on the bridge.
＝Large amounts of money ______________ on the bridge.
这座桥花了很多钱。
【2022长郡高三冲刺1】It's true that turning off lights for just one hour ______________(save) only a small amount of power.
saves
4.schedule
n.日程安排，工作计划；时间表 vt.为……安排时间；预定
【拓展】
★on schedule 准时；按时间表
ahead of schedule 提前
★be scheduled for 预定；安排在……
be scheduled to do 预定做……
5. treatment
n.治疗；对待，待遇；处理
【拓展】
★fair treatment 公平对待
in the treatment of... 在……的治疗过程中
★treat...as/like 把……当作
treat sb. to sth. 用某物款待某人
treat sb. for... 治疗某人的……病
【2023湖南联盟联考1】A nurturing parent wouldn't let someone treat you____________ (bad).
badly
6.regret
v.可惜，后悔，遗憾；惋惜
n. 遗憾，抱歉
【拓展】
★regret having done sth./doing sth. 后悔做了某事
regret to do 遗憾地要做某事
regret that... 遗憾……
It is to be regretted that... 可惜的是……，令人遗憾的……
★with great/deep regret 很遗憾
to one's regret 让某人感到遗憾的是
【2023湖南教研联盟联考1】The number one way to live a life free of regret is _________
(follow) your dreams.
to follow
Sentences
with复合结构 with+宾语+宾补
For the past year, he had to live with terrible burn marks on his face and body.
with terrible burn marks on his face and body 表示伴随情况。
◎She likes to sleep with the windows open.
He left the classroom with the lights on.
He died with his daughter a schoolgirl.
With his eldest son in charge of the company, he now lives a relaxing life.
With extra lessons added, the students are having a busier time.
With the village taking on a new look, I can hardly recognize it.
With nobody to help him, he felt at a loss.
doing作OC表示动作正在进行，和宾语之间是主动关系。
done作OC表示动作已经完成，和宾语之间是动宾关系，也就是被动关系。
to do作OC表示动作暂时没有发生，有将来的含义。
必修一U4【Extended Reading语法】
●Extended Reading
Words
talent
n.天赋；天资；人才；天才
【变形】talented adj. 有才能的；有天赋的
【拓展】
★have a talent/ gift for 某方面有天赋
talent show 才艺表演会；业余演出比赛
talent pool 人才库
natural talent 天赋，自然禀赋
★be talented/gifted in/ at 对… 有天赋
◎She showed considerable talent for getting what she wanted. 她很有天资，能够心想事成。
◎She was proud that her daughter had so much talent. 女儿这么有天赋令她喜不自胜。
◎She is a talented musician as well as being a photographer. 她不但是个摄影师而且还是个天才的音乐家。
2.in the short term
从短期看
【拓展】
★in the long term (run) 从长远看
in terms of 就.. 而言；从…方面说
on equal terms 平等；条件相同
be on good/ bad terms with 和…关系好/不好
come to terms with sb和某人达成协议/ 妥协/和解
◎In the short term, the answer is no. 从短期来看，答案是否定的。
◎In terms of cost—how much were you thinking of charging 说到费用，你们想要多少？
◎One of my friends seems to be on good terms with Sue. 我的一个朋友看起来跟苏处得不错。
3. live up to
达到，符合，不辜负
【拓展】
★live a … life 过着… 的生活
live on 继续活着；以…为主食；靠…活着
live through 经历… 而幸存
live with 和…在一起
live with oneself 不会感到内疚，会心安理得的；自重
◎The new president of the university is trying his best to live up to the expectations of the students. 这所大学的新校长正在努力不辜负学生们的期望。
◎It was becoming more and more difficult to live on his salary. 他越来越难以靠他的工资维持生计了。
◎If you want to live a simple life you need to simplify your mind. 要是你想过简单的生活，你需要使你的思想简化。
4. show off
炫耀
【拓展延伸】常见的show短语还有：
★show oneself 露面
show up 露面；露出；揭露
show … in 领入；领人
show off 炫耀；卖弄
★on show 展览着，在公开展出
in show 外表上；有名无实地
put on a show 假装给人家看；装病
◎Some people think the pursuit of fashion is only a way to show off wealth. 有些人认为追求时尚只是一种炫耀财富的方式。
Sentences
1. the way 作先行词引导的定语从句
◎Your friends also influence the way you view your physical appearance. 你的朋友也影响你看待自己外貌的方式。(教材P53)
【拓展】
本句中“you view your physical appearance”是定语从句，先行词为the way。当先行词为the way，并表达“做某事的方法”的含义时，定语从句用 that或者 in which 引导，也可以省略关系代词。
◎I don't like the way that you speak to me.
◎I don't like the way in which you speak to me.
◎I don't like the way you speak to me.
我不喜欢你跟我说话的方式。
He's always lecturing me about the way ______________I dress. 他对我的衣着总是指手画脚的。
The way ______________ he came up with is practical.他提出的方法是可行的。
2. what 引导的宾语从句
◎This has proved to have a negative effect on what you think of your physical appearance.这已经被证明了对你自己外表的评价有着消极的影响。(教材P53)
◎They’ve done what they can to help her. 他们已经做了他们能做到一切去帮助了。
◎Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。
◎The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了似乎几个小时。
【拓展】
★what在本句中引导的是宾语从句，what在从句中作宾语。
★what引导宾语从句首先理解what的意思，最基本的就是“什么”。……的人/事/物。what引导的宾语从句中，what即是引导词，也在句子中充当句子成分（主要为主语，宾语，表语），有一定的意义...
★that也可以引导宾语从句，但在宾语从句中不作任何成分，没有实际意义，通常可以将其省略。必修一 Unit 4 知识点
必修一U4【Reading语法】
●Reading
Words
1.skip
vt.&vi.不做(应做的事情等)；跳过；蹦蹦跳跳地走；略过
【拓展】
★skip breakfast 不吃早餐
skip school/class 逃学/旷课
skip a grade 跳级
skip over the fence 跳过栅栏
skip over the details 略过细节
【习题】
【2022长郡高一上期末】They____________(regular) skip meals and even eat weight-loss pills.
【2023一中高一上月考3】She had struggled with eating problems for a long time, for she thought____________ (skip) meals would be a simple way to reach her target weight.
2.concentrate
vi.& vt.集中(注意力、思想等)；全神贯注
【拓展】
★concentrate on 集中；全神贯注于
concentrate one’s attention on... 集中精力于……
focus on 集中注意力于……
【变形】concentration n. 集中精力；专心
【2022雨花区高一上期末】Because of this, she had difficulty in_______________(concentrate) in class.
【2022雅礼高一下期末】Another idea is that rosemary appears to lower anxiety, which in turn, may increase the ability_______________(concentrate).
3.extreme
adj.极端的;极度的;偏激的;尽头的 n.末端;极端;极端的事物
【拓展】
★in the extreme 极其;极端;极
★to the extreme 走向极端
【变形】extremely adv. 非常，极其；极端地
【2022雅礼高一下期末】Being thin is often seen as being beautiful. __________, teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down quickly.
【2024实验高一下期末】Bruno Della Vedova, president of the Italian Geothermal Union, hopes that in the future other Italian regions could benefit from such a resource, which is__________ (extreme) important when the whole world looks to transition to renewable energy.
4.concern
adj.担心的，忧虑的;关注的，关切的
【拓展】
★be concerned about 担心;关心
be concerned with 与……相关
★as far as ... be concerned 在某人看来……；就……而言
【2024一中高一下期中】And new plants often run into opposition from nearby communities over health __________(concern).
【2022雅礼高一上月考3】He asked the officials _________ (concern) to put safety at the first place.
effect
n.效果，作用；影响
【拓展】
★side effect 副作用
be of no effect 无效
have an effect on/upon 对……产生影响
bring/put/carry...into effect 实行；使……生效
come into effect 生效，开始实施
take effect 生效，起作用
in effect 实际上；有效；在实施中
【变形】effective adj. 有效的；生效的
【2024麓山高三上入学】It appears as a deep sense of envy, and constant exposure to it can have _________weakening effect on our self-esteem(自尊).
【2025一中高三上月考2】You can’t _____________(effective) learn important skills without applying these concepts to real life.
【2-2024一中高三下模2】If this is the case, they will dismiss the praise, making it ______________(effective)
6.prove
v.后来被发现是 vt.证明，证实
【拓展】
★prove a point 证明一个观点
prove sth. to sb. 向……证明……
prove n/pron. (to be) n/adj.
prove + 宾语从句
prove (+ to be) + n./adj.
It is proved that... 据证实……
【2022雨花区高一上期末】They regularly skip meals and even eat weight-loss pills. These methods prove to be _____________ (harm) to teenagers.
【2022一中高三月考1】We should respect this body of knowledge even as we search for clear scientific support_____________ (prove) it true or false.
7.function
vi.起作用，正常工作，运转
n.作用，功能，职能
【拓展】
★perform a function 发挥作用
★function as 用作；起……的作用=serve as，act as
【2023雅礼高三下月考（七）】While eating is _____________ (function), and our bodies need the fuel that food provides,
【2023雅礼高三下月考（七）】When a satellite stops _____________ (function), it keeps orbiting at very high speeds, making a great threat for the useful ones.
8. frightened
adj.害怕的，惊吓的，受惊的
【拓展】
★be frightened to death 吓得要死
be frightened of/at/that... 害怕……
★frighten sb. into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事
frighten sb. out of doing sth. 恐吓某人使其不敢做某事
【变形】frightening adj.令人害怕的，吓人的
【变形】frighten vt.使害怕；使恐惧
【0-2024长郡高三下模1】The sudden voice _____________ (frighten) me and the bracket fell into two parts.
9.rather
adv.相反，而是；相当；更准确地说
【拓展】
★would rather 宁愿……
★rather than 而不是
★or rather 更确切地说
10.pass out
昏迷，失去知觉；分发(同义词: faint vi.昏厥)
【拓展】
pass away 去世
pass by 经过
pass down 传给后人;把……往下传
pass ... on to 把……传递给
【2024雅礼高三下综合测试1】Why To survive, every generation has found it necessary _____________ (pass) on its knowledge, skills, values, and traditions to the next generation.
【2022雅礼高三模拟（二）】Even though change may be painful and so hard sometimes, it’s still better than the pain of feeling powerless _____________ you watch your dreams pass you by.
【2024雅礼高三下月考8】For example, boys of the Yao nationality have to pass about ten dangerous tests and take oaths (宣誓) ____________________ (conduct) bad deeds.
11.take in
吸收：接收并理解信息或知识；欣赏：观看或参观某事物以获得愉悦或满足；
收留：为某人提供临时住所；缩小：使衣物尺寸变小。
【拓展】
To read an article is one thing, and to take in fully is another. __________
She took Tom in completely with her story she made up. __________
The old man took in some homeless dogs. __________
Most plants take in CO2, and give out O2. __________
The tour takes in six European capitals. __________
12.get into shape
强身健体
【拓展】
★in shape 在形状上；健康状况良好
out of shape 变形；身体不健康
in the shape of 以……的形状
in good/bad shape 身体健康/不健康
★take shape 形成
be shaped like 形状像……
必修一U4【Grammar语法】
●Grammar & Integrated skills
Words
memory
n.记忆力，记性；记忆，回忆
【拓展】
★in memory of 为了纪念
in honor of 为了纪念……为了向……表示敬意
in need of 需要
in favor of 支持
in charge of 负责，掌管
in search of 寻找
in case of 万一，以防
【习题】
【2023长郡高三下月考6】She left us too soon, but she left her children ____________ the memory of being loved.
2. attack
n.发作；攻击；抨击
vt.&vi.攻击；侵袭；抨击
【拓展】
★an air attack 空袭
under attack 受到攻击
personal attack 人身攻击
a heart attack 心脏病
an attack on 针对……的攻击
make/launch an attack on/against... 攻击…… ；抨击……
【习题】
【2023一中等名校联考3】If that's the case, __________(addition) studies on how great whites use those senses could help establish interventions(干预) to prevent further attacks.
【2023长郡高三上期中】In modern times, the Mu Us, the fourth __________ (large) desert in China, began to move southward and passed the Great Wall, __________ (attack) Yulin (Shaan Xi province).
3. amount
n.数量
【拓展】
★the amount of… ……的数量
a large amount of 大量的
large amounts of 大量的
注意： a large amount of＋不可数名词＋谓语动词单数形式；
large amounts of＋不可数名词＋谓语动词复数形式。
【习题】
Today $8 or $10 seems ___________________ money.(2019·全国Ⅲ )
今天8美元或者10美元好像是很少量的钱。
They prevented him from spending _________________ money in repairing that roof.
他们阻止他在修那个屋顶上花很多钱。
A large amount of money was spent on the bridge.
＝Large amounts of money ______________ on the bridge.
这座桥花了很多钱。
【2022长郡高三冲刺1】It's true that turning off lights for just one hour ______________(save) only a small amount of power.
4.schedule
n.日程安排，工作计划；时间表 vt.为……安排时间；预定
【拓展】
★on schedule 准时；按时间表
ahead of schedule 提前
★be scheduled for 预定；安排在……
be scheduled to do 预定做……
5. treatment
n.治疗；对待，待遇；处理
【拓展】
★fair treatment 公平对待
in the treatment of... 在……的治疗过程中
★treat...as/like 把……当作
treat sb. to sth. 用某物款待某人
treat sb. for... 治疗某人的……病
【2023湖南联盟联考1】A nurturing parent wouldn't let someone treat you____________ (bad).
6.regret
v.可惜，后悔，遗憾；惋惜
n. 遗憾，抱歉
【拓展】
★regret having done sth./doing sth. 后悔做了某事
regret to do 遗憾地要做某事
regret that... 遗憾……
It is to be regretted that... 可惜的是……，令人遗憾的……
★with great/deep regret 很遗憾
to one's regret 让某人感到遗憾的是
【2023湖南教研联盟联考1】The number one way to live a life free of regret is _________
(follow) your dreams.
Sentences
with复合结构 with+宾语+宾补
For the past year, he had to live with terrible burn marks on his face and body.
with terrible burn marks on his face and body 表示伴随情况。
◎She likes to sleep with the windows open.
He left the classroom with the lights on.
He died with his daughter a schoolgirl.
With his eldest son in charge of the company, he now lives a relaxing life.
With extra lessons added, the students are having a busier time.
With the village taking on a new look, I can hardly recognize it.
With nobody to help him, he felt at a loss.
doing作OC表示动作正在进行，和宾语之间是主动关系。
done作OC表示动作已经完成，和宾语之间是动宾关系，也就是被动关系。
to do作OC表示动作暂时没有发生，有将来的含义。
必修一U4【Extended Reading语法】
Words
talent
n.天赋；天资；人才；天才
◎She showed considerable talent for getting what she wanted. 她很有天资，能够心想事成。
◎She was proud that her daughter had so much talent. 女儿这么有天赋令她喜不自胜。
◎She is a talented musician as well as being a photographer. 她不但是个摄影师而且还是个天才的音乐家。
【拓展】
★have a talent/ gift for 某方面有天赋
talent show 才艺表演会；业余演出比赛
talent pool 人才库
natural talent 天赋，自然禀赋
★be talented/gifted in/ at 对… 有天赋
【变形】talented adj. 有才能的；有天赋的
2.in the short term
从短期看
◎In the short term, the answer is no. 从短期来看，答案是否定的。
◎In terms of cost—how much were you thinking of charging 说到费用，你们想要多少？
◎One of my friends seems to be on good terms with Sue. 我的一个朋友看起来跟苏处得不错。
【拓展】
★in the long term (run) 从长远看
in terms of 就.. 而言；从…方面说
on equal terms 平等；条件相同
be on good/ bad terms with 和…关系好/不好
come to terms with sb和某人达成协议/ 妥协/和解
3. live up to
达到，符合，不辜负
◎The new president of the university is trying his best to live up to the expectations of the students. 这所大学的新校长正在努力不辜负学生们的期望。
◎It was becoming more and more difficult to live on his salary. 他越来越难以靠他的工资维持生计了。
◎If you want to live a simple life you need to simplify your mind. 要是你想过简单的生活，你需要使你的思想简化。
【拓展】
★live a … life 过着… 的生活
live on 继续活着；以…为主食；靠…活着
live through 经历… 而幸存
live with 和…在一起
live with oneself 不会感到内疚，会心安理得的；自重
4. show off
炫耀
◎Some people think the pursuit of fashion is only a way to show off wealth. 有些人认为追求时尚只是一种炫耀财富的方式。
【拓展延伸】常见的show短语还有：
★show oneself 露面
show up 露面；露出；揭露
show … in 领入；领人
show off 炫耀；卖弄
★on show 展览着，在公开展出
in show 外表上；有名无实地
put on a show 假装给人家看；装病
Sentences
1. the way 作先行词引导的定语从句
◎Your friends also influence the way you view your physical appearance. 你的朋友也影响你看待自己外貌的方式。(教材P53)
【拓展】
本句中“you view your physical appearance”是定语从句，先行词为the way。当先行词为the way，并表达“做某事的方法”的含义时，定语从句用 that或者 in which 引导，也可以省略关系代词。
◎I don't like the way that you speak to me.
◎I don't like the way in which you speak to me.
◎I don't like the way you speak to me.
我不喜欢你跟我说话的方式。
He's always lecturing me about the way ______________I dress. 他对我的衣着总是指手画脚的
The way ______________ he came up with is practical.他提出的方法是可行的。
2. what 引导的宾语从句
◎This has proved to have a negative effect on what you think of your physical appearance.这已经被证明了对你自己外表的评价有着消极的影响。(教材P53)
◎They’ve done what they can to help her. 他们已经做了他们能做到一切去帮助了。
◎Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。
◎The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了似乎几个小时。
【拓展】
★what在本句中引导的是宾语从句，what在从句中作宾语。
★what引导宾语从句首先理解what的意思，最基本的就是“什么”。……的人/事/物。what引导的宾语从句中，what即是引导词，也在句子中充当句子成分（主要为主语，宾语，表语），有一定的意义...
★that也可以引导宾语从句，但在宾语从句中不作任何成分，没有实际意义，通常可以将其省略。

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