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必修　第三册
Unit 1　Nature in the balance
主题：人与自然　　话题：保护环境
板块 内容 形式
Welcome to the unit 地球之歌 歌曲
Reading 亚马孙雨林 语篇(纪录片脚本)
Grammar and usage 讨论环境保护纪录片(省略) 语篇(对话)
Integrated skills 呼吁保护动物 语篇(新闻报道)＋视频
Extended reading 诺盖特的污染问题 语篇(逐字稿)
Project 制作“环境问题”的小册子 制作小册子
主题语篇填空
The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries, 1.__________(include) Brazil and Peru. It covers 2.__________ area of around 6 million square kilometres. It is named after the Amazon River, 3.__________ is close to 6，400 kilometres in 4.__________(long), supporting many different ecosystems which give this area the richest biodiversity in the world.
There are 5.__________(various) of plants in the Amazon rainforest. Of the 390，000 plant species known to us, over 40，000 can be found there. The forest's different levels support an 6.__________(believe) variety of wildlife. Each level of the forest forms its own little world.
There are more than 1，300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals living in the jungle. Among them 7.__________(be) the jaguar, which 8.__________(survive) here as only one element of this forest's food chain.
The Amazon rainforest is also known as the “lungs of the planet”， because it breathes life 9.__________ the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20% of all the Earth's oxygen. But in the last 50 years, about 17% of the rainforest 10.__________(disappear) due to human activities and some species are threatened with extinction. It is time we did something to protect it.
1 harm n. & vt. 伤害，损害→harmful adj. 有害的，造成伤害的→harmless adj. 无害的；无恶意的
【原句】The human race has done much harm. (P1)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语/句式造句
①do harm to 对……有害
②be harmful to 对……有害
③There is no harm in (one's) doing sth (某人)做某事没有什么坏处
语法填空
①No cigarette is completely __________(harm).
②There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing __________(harm) gases, such as carbon dioxide. (2023全国乙卷)
【写作链接】单句写作
③我的老师给了我一个鼓励的微笑，说：“在我看来，参加写作比赛并没有什么坏处。”
My teacher cast me an encouraging smile, saying, “In my opinion, ____________
________ entering a writing contest.” (2023新课标Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷，语言描写)
2 length n. 长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长→lengthen vt. & vi. （使）变长→lengthy adj. 漫长的，冗长的→long adj. 长的
【原句】The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6，400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. (P2)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①at length 详尽地；最后
②go to great lengths to do sth 不遗余力地做某事
③a long silence 长时间的沉默
④a lengthy report 冗长的报告
语法填空
①She goes to extraordinary __________(length) to keep her private life private.
②Vacations have __________(length) and the work week has shortened.
【写作链接】单句写作
③我们不能改变生命的长度，但我们可以在生命的宽度和深度上做一些事情。
We can't do anything about ____________________， but we can do something about its ____________________________. (主旨升华)
3 variety n. 不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体→vary vi. 不同；变化→various adj. 各种各样的；多姿多彩的
【原句】The forest's different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife. (P3)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①a variety of/varieties of 种种的，各种各样的
②vary from … to … 从……到……变化
语法填空
①The route that the boatmen choose __________(variety) according to the water level.
②Apples come in a great many __________(variety).
【写作链接】单句写作
③这家博物馆展出了各种各样的古代文物，从瓷器到石雕应有尽有。
The museum exhibits ________________________________________________
__________________________________. (告知信，活动介绍)
4 survive vi. 生存，存活 vt. 幸存，幸免于难→surviving adj. 继续存在的，未死的→survival n. 生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物→survivor n. 幸存者，挺过困难者
【原句】While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest's food chain. (P3)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①survive the crisis 渡过危机
②chance of survival 生存机会
语法填空
①She was the last __________(survive) member of the family.
②He was told that he had a 1 in 500 chance of __________(survive).
③Officials said there were no __________(survive) of the plane crash.
【写作链接】单句写作
④西安古城墙是从中国悠久历史中幸存下来的最完整的城墙。
The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall ______________________. (告知信，中国传统文化)
5 application n. 应用，运用；申请→apply vi. 申请 vt. 涂；应用→applicant n．申请人→applicable adj. 适用的；合适的
【原句】Some call for the application of modern technology, and others a change of lifestyle. (P6)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①fill out an application 填申请表
②apply to sb for sth 向某人申请某物
③apply to 适用于
④apply … to … 把……应用于……；把……涂抹在……之上
⑤apply oneself to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事
语法填空
①His __________(apply) to the court for bail has been refused.
②__________(apply) are expected to have a good command of English.
【写作链接】单句写作
③得知贵校将举办中文讲座，我特写信来申请参加这个活动。
Knowing that your school will be hosting a Chinese lecture, ________________
_____________________________________________________________. (申请信)
6 defence (AmE defense) n. 辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守→defend vt. & vi. 防御，保护，保卫；为……辩护→defensive adj. 防御的；戒备的
【原句】In defence of the factories, however, I'd like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce. (P11)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①in defence of … 为……辩解；为了保卫……
②defend sb/sth from/against … 保护某人/物免受……的伤害
语法填空
①If he seems a little __________(defend), it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. (2024新课标Ⅰ卷)
②Politicians are skilled at __________(defence) themselves against their critics.
【写作链接】单句写作
③当地政府应建立一些自然保护区，以保护濒临灭绝的动物。
Local government should set up some natural reserves ______________________
__________ close to extinction. (建议信)
7 consequence n. 结果，后果；重要性→consequent adj. 随之发生的→consequently adv. 因此，所以
【原句】Consequences (P13)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①in consequence＝as a consequence＝as a result 因此，结果
②in consequence of＝as a consequence of＝as a result of 由于，因为
③deal with/take/face/suffer the consequences 承担后果
语法填空
①My car broke down and __________(consequence) I was late.
②This is an example of how the abuse of public trust in the media can have serious __________(consequence).
【写作链接】单句写作
③因此，人们越来越意识到保护海洋的重要性了。
____________________， people are more and more aware of the importance of ocean conservation. (2022全国甲卷，短文投稿)
8 due to 由于，因为
【原句】Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming. (P3)
【拓展】试一试用下列单词/短语造句
①due adj. 到期；预期；应给予
②owing to/because of/as a result of 因为，由于
语法填空/完成句子
①The next train is __________(due) in five minutes.
②由于暴雪，他们没能按时完成任务。
They didn't finish their work on time __________ the heavy snow.
9 get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
【原句】The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey; it's also given me a cough that I can't get rid of. (P11)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①rid sb of sb/sth 使某人摆脱某人/某事
②be rid of 摆脱
语法填空/完成句子
①She wanted to be (rid) of her parents and their authority.
②我们扔掉了所有的旧家具。
We ____________________ all the old furniture.
__________【写作链接】单句写作
③练习瑜伽是一个帮助你缓解压力、寻找内心平静的好方法。
Practising yoga is a good way for you ________________________ your stress and find some inner peace. (建议信)
10 give rise to 使发生(或存在)
【原句】For example, in many parts of the world, the poor quality of the local drinking water gives rise to public health problems. (P13)
【拓展】近义短语
①result in 导致，产生
②lead to 导致
③contribute to 促成，导致
④bring about 引起，导致
语法填空
①The new policies are expected to bring __________ positive changes in the economy.
②Uniforms also give rise __________ some practical problems.
③Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher could result __________ damage to personal property.
【写作链接】单句写作
④随着科技的发展，网络给我们的学习方式带来了巨大的变化。
With the development of technology, ___________________________________
in the way we learn. (2021全国乙卷，演讲稿)
1 With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. (P2)
【句式】“倍数关系”表达句型：A be＋倍数＋the weight/height/length/width/size/depth/…＋of＋B，表示“在重量/高度/长度/宽度/大小/深度/……上，A是B的几倍”。
【拓展】其他常用倍数关系句型：
①A＋be＋倍数＋as＋形容词原级＋as＋B；
②A＋be＋倍数(＋as … as)＋what引导的名词性从句；
③A＋be＋倍数＋形容词比较级＋than＋B(在形容词比较级前，还可以用over/more than等表示“比……倍还要多”)。第三种句型易有歧义，谨慎使用。
完成句子
①轻度至中度吸烟者死于突发心脏病的可能性比从不吸烟的人高两倍。
Light to moderate smokers were ____________________________ to die of sudden heart problems than those who had never smoked.
②这个月建成的新路的宽度超过了2021年建成的那条路的三倍多。
The new road built in this month is __________________________ of the old one that was built in 2021.
【写作链接】单句写作
③成立于十年前的Youth，它现在的读者数量是创刊时的六倍。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2021新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷，短文投稿)
2 The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6，400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. (P2)
【句式】“介词＋关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句。
【拓展】常见的变式：
①不定代词＋介词＋关系代词；
②the＋名词＋介词＋关系代词(有变形)；
③数词＋介词＋关系代词；
④the＋形容词比较级/最高级＋介词＋关系代词；
⑤介词＋whose＋名词；
⑥介词＋which＋名词。
完成句子
①所有的学生都到田里去照看小树了，大雨对它们已经造成了巨大的损害。
All the students went to the fields to take care of the little trees, __________________________________ by the heavy rain.
②最后我们到了一个偏僻的村子，村子前面有一条美丽的河。
At last we reached a lonely village, _____________________________________．
【写作链接】单句写作
③您总是慷慨地抽出时间，对此我深表感谢。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(感谢信)
3 As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals. (P8)
【句式】“so＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语”结构。本句为主从复合句，主句是so引导的倒装句，强调人类对动物的影响在日益增加，相当于the effect we have on animals continues to grow as well。句中so表示前者的情况同样适用于后者。
【拓展】
①注意：如果是另外一个人对前面所说的内容加以肯定，就不用倒装，如：—It seems we'll have to work overtime tonight. —So we will.
②将so换成neither/nor引导的句子也用倒装语序，用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样的看法。
③如果前面所说的内容既有肯定又有否定，或前后的谓语动词形式不一致时，用“It is the same with＋主语”结构或用“So it is with＋主语”结构。
完成句子
①——我昨天去看电影了。
——哦，是吗？我也看电影了。
—I went to see a film yesterday.
—Oh, did you ______________________________.
②这个应聘者在展示自己与别人相比的优势时，既没有内心的羞愧，也没有外在的恐惧。
The interviewee has no inner shame to show his edge over others. ____________________ the outer fear.
③——汤姆没有通过考试，害怕被训斥。
——吉姆也一样。
—Tom hadn't passed the exam and was afraid of being scolded.
—_______________________________________________________________.
1 track [熟义] vt. & vi. 跟踪，追踪 n. 足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线　[生义] n. 一首乐曲
选出正确的释义
A. vt. & vi. 跟踪，追踪　　B. n. 足迹，踪迹　
C. n. 小道　 D. n. 路线
E. n. 一首乐曲
①The research project involves tracking the careers of 400 graduates.
__________
②The track to the remote village became muddy every time it rained.__________
③The tracks of the large animal were clearly printed in the sand.__________
④She is on the fast track to promotion.__________
⑤I only like two of the ten tracks on this CD.__________
2 process [熟义] n. 过程，进程；步骤，流程(procedure) vt. 加工，处理 　[生义] vi. 列队行进，缓缓前行
选出正确的释义
A. n. 过程，进程　　　B. vt. 加工，处理
C. n. 步骤，流程 D. vi. 列队行进，缓缓前行
①It processes data and sends information to the motors.__________
②I'm afraid getting things changed will be a slow process.__________
③A reasonable process for bending the pipe was determined.__________
④During the ceremony, the monks processed solemnly towards the altar.__________
3 branch [熟义] n. (政府或机构)部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支　[生义] vi. 分开，分岔
选出正确的释义
A. n. (政府或机构)部门　　B. n. 分支
C. n. 支流 D. vi. 分开，分岔
①The executive branch of the government is responsible for carrying out laws.__________
②Spreading out before me, branches of the Rapa River flew through the valley below.__________
③At the basic level, artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science that aims to create intelligent machines.__________
④The accident happened where the road branches.__________
Unit 2　Natural disasters
主题：人与自然　　话题：自然灾害
板块 内容 形式
Welcome to the unit 自然灾害 视频
Reading 自然灾害中幸运逃脱的报道 语篇(新闻报道)
Grammar and usage 飓风经历(动词不定式做定语和结果状语) 语篇(采访)
Integrated skills 洪灾故事续写 听力＋语篇(故事)
Extended reading 《庞贝城的末日》节选 语篇(小说)
Project 制作关于“救援方法”的信息文件夹 制作信息文件夹
主题语篇填空
On 17 March, a severe earthquake struck Falmont, becoming a major disaster for the region at large. While many were injured, the pupils and teachers at Falmont Primary School survived with only minor injuries thanks to their training.
Alice Brown, head teacher there, was teaching 1.__________ the floor began to shake. The students' immediate 2.__________(react) was to hide under desks. Moments later, loud 3.__________(crash) echoed as objects fell, but the teacher, Miss Brown, remained calm. The moment the shaking stopped, she knew it was the right time 4.__________(make) their escape. She 5.__________(signal) to her students to exit the classroom in an 6.__________(order) line. After reaching safety, a headcount confirmed everyone was safe, 7.__________(bring) great comfort to all.
Months later, a 8.__________(destruct) tsunami threatened Goldshore Beach. Sabrina, a 10 year old girl, noticed the strange sea. It 9.__________(occur) to her that these were warning signs. Though scared, she kept her head and tried to inform her parents of the danger. To her 10.__________(relieve), a safety officer took it seriously and cleared the beach immediately, thus preventing a tragedy.
1 injure vt. 伤害，使受伤；损害→injured adj. 受伤的；有伤的→injury n. 伤害；损伤
【原句】Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large. (P16)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①get injured 受伤
②the injured 伤员
③do sb an injury 使某人受伤
语法填空
①These chemicals come from the __________(injure) parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.
②As always, you should stretch at least ten minutes before each run to prevent __________(injure).
【写作链接】单句写作
③营救队像箭一样冲往现场，给伤者实施急救，然后急忙把他们送往最近的医院。
The rescue team dashed to the spot like arrows, ___________________________
______ and then rushed them to the nearest hospital. (动作描写)
2 signal vi. & vt. 发信号，示意；标志 n. 信号，暗号；标志；信号灯
【原句】She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands. (P16)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①signal to sb to do sth 示意某人做某事
②a warning signal 警告信号
③traffic signals 交通信号灯
④a stop signal 停车信号
语法填空/完成句子
①He __________(signal) to the waiter for the bill just now.
②警报器一响，就是要所有人离开大楼。
The siren was ____________________ everyone to leave the building.
【写作链接】单句写作
③正月十五是元宵节，标志着春节庆祝活动的结束。
The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, ____________________ the Spring Festival celebrations. (告知信，活动介绍)
3 confirm vt. 证实，确认；使确信；批准→confirmed adj. 成习惯的，根深蒂固的；已被证实的→confirmation n. 证实，确认书，证明书
【原句】After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, laughing, crying and hugging each other. (P16)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语/句式造句
①confirm that 确定，证实
②It is/has been confirmed that … 据/已证实……
③confirm sb in sth 使某人确信某事
语法填空
①The last __________(confirm) passenger pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900.
②I'm still waiting for __________(confirm) from the travel agency about my tickets.
【写作链接】单句写作
③窗外的灌木丛和枫树林呈现出红色、金色和橘色，地上覆盖着白霜，证实加拿大已经进入秋季。
The bushes and maple woods outside the windows were red, gold, and orange, and there was frost on the ground, __________________________________________. (环境描写)
4 occur vi. 发生，出现；存在于→occurrence n. 发生，出现，存在；发生的事情
【原句】It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami. (P17)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语/句式造句
①It occurs to/strikes/hits sb that … 某人突然想起……
②It occurs to sb to do sth 某人突然想起要做某事
③sth occurs to sb 某事(想法等)浮现在某人的脑海中
语法填空
①An idea __________(occur) to me last night that I might turn to my English teacher for help.
②It __________(occur) to me that someone had broken into my house.
5 relief n. 宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济→relieve vt. 减轻；缓解→relieved adj. 显得开心的；感到宽慰的
【原句】To her great relief, the officer immediately realized the coming danger. (P17)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①to one's relief 使某人宽慰的是
②with/in relief 如释重负
③relieve sb of sth 减轻某人的……负担
语法填空
①The UN sets up the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is (relief) worldwide starvation.
【写作链接】单句写作
②让我非常欣慰的是，我成功地说服了大卫完成了越野赛跑。
____________________，I managed to persuade David to finish the cross country run. (2022新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷，情绪描写)
6 inform vt. 了解，熟悉；通知→informed adj. 有见识的；有学问的→information n. 信息
【原句】Remember to inform yourself of what is going on. (P19)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①inform sb of/about sth 通知某人某事
②keep sb informed (of) … 随时告知某人……
语法填空
①Keep me __________(inform) of fresh developments.
②You can __________ me of some important __________ by email. (inform)
7 scare vt. & vi. 惊吓，害怕 n. 恐慌；惊吓→scared adj. 恐惧；担心；害怕→scary adj. 恐怖的，吓人的
【原句】The strong wind and heavy rain didn't scare me, but I was quite frightened during the power failure. (P20)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①scare sb to death 把某人吓得要死
②scare … away/off 把……吓跑
③be scared to do sth＝be scared of doing sth 害怕去做某事
语法填空/完成句子
①Mary was __________(scare) of slipping on the ice, so she walked on it very carefully.
②Of course, when new technology changes the way we live, it can be a __________(scare) prospect.
③几乎所有动物都有独特的叫声，它们依靠这些叫声来求助、吓跑危险动物或寻找庇护所。
Almost all animals have distinct vocals that they rely on to either ask for help, __________________________________ or look for shelter. (2024全国甲卷)
8 supply n. 补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备
vt. 供应，供给，提供
【原句】Were you afraid of running out of supplies？(P20)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①supply sb with sth＝supply sth to sb 给某人提供某物
②a supply of … ……的供应
③(be) in short supply 供应不足，短缺
语法填空
①The school __________(supply) books to students for free.
②After the war broke out, food was __________ short supply all over the country.
【写作链接】单句写作
③此外，夏令营还为成员提供了参观博物馆的机会。
In addition, the summer camp ___________________________ to visit museums. (告知信)
9 curious adj. 好奇的；奇特的→curiosity n. 求知欲，好奇心；奇物→curiously adv. 好奇地
【原句】She was curious to see how much water there was outside. (P23)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语/句式造句
①be curious about sth 对……感到好奇
②be curious to do sth 渴望做某事
③It is curious that … ……是不寻常的
④out of curiosity 出于好奇
语法填空/完成句子
①While space exploration is a reality, we remain __________(curiosity) about the mysteries of the universe.
②那封信不是写给我的，然而我却出于好奇把它拆开了。
The letter wasn't addressed to me but I opened it ____________________.
【写作链接】单句写作
③月亮在天空中闪耀，好像一盏夜灯。星星好奇地闪烁着。
Like a night lamp, the moon shone in the sky. The stars twinkled _____________. (比喻＋拟人)
10 beyond adv. 在(或向)较远处，在另一边　prep. 在(或向)更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外
【原句】At that moment, they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet; beyond in the distance, they heard the crash of falling roofs. (P26)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①be beyond sb 使某人无法想象(或理解、做等)
②beyond/out of range (of sth) 在某种范围外
③beyond belief/recognition/doubt/control 难以置信/认不出来/毫无疑问/无法控制
语法填空/完成句子
①Sometimes with his temper __________ control, Tom shouted to his doctors and even his parents.
②我们不理解他的所作所为。
What he does is ____________________．
【写作链接】单句写作
③正如图表所示，学生们在课外采用不同的方式学习英语。
As the chart shows, students adopt different ways to _______________________. (2022全国乙卷，短文投稿)
11 distance n. 遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远→distant adj. 遥远的；疏远的；心不在焉的
【原句】… beyond in the distance, they heard the crash of falling roofs. (P26)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①in the distance 在远处；在远方
②at/from a distance 从远处
③keep sb at a distance 对某人冷淡；同某人疏远；与某人保持一定距离
语法填空/完成句子
①The time we spent together is now a __________(distance) memory.
②当她经历一段困难时期时，她发现把家人保持在一个距离之外更容易一些。
She finds it easier _____________________________________ when she's going through a hard time.
【写作链接】单句写作
③这座山从远处看会更美丽。
The mountain is more beautiful when seen ____________________________. (环境描写)
12 rescue n. & vt. 救援，营救，抢救→rescuer n. 救助者))Ｂ
【原句】Due to the effort of well trained search and rescue dogs, thousands of human lives are saved every year. (P27)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①rescue sb/sth from … 从……营救某人/物
②come/go to one's rescue 前来/去营救某人
③rescue workers 救援人员
语法填空
①The car was buried by the landslide, and the __________ workers came to its __________.(rescue)
②But one man inside was trapped under debris and __________(rescue) by other people.
【写作链接】单句写作
③他们冒着生命危险营救被困在废墟中的人们，完全把自己的安全抛在身后，这值得我们尊重和钦佩。
They have risked their lives to ____________________________________， totally leaving their safety behind, which deserves our respect and admiration.(救援脱险类)
13 keep one's head
【原句】Sabrina was frightened, but she soon kept her head. (P17)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①use one's head 动脑筋
②hold one's head high 昂首挺胸；趾高气扬
③shake one's head 摇头
④head for 朝着……方向走
选用以上短语补全句子
①A mark of nobility is not to __________, but to bear oneself humbly in a high station of life.
②We decided to __________ the shelter.
【写作链接】单句写作
③我明白了无论发生什么事都要保持冷静。
It dawned on me that one should ________________ no matter what happens. (主旨升华)
14 run out of 用完，耗尽
【原句】Were you afraid of running out of supplies？(P20)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①use up 用完，耗尽(及物)
②run out/give out 用完，耗尽(不及物，无被动)
③run across 偶然遇见(或看到)
④run away from 回避，躲避；逃离
⑤run into 偶然遇见；撞到
⑥run after 追赶，追逐
选用以上短语补全句子
①I'm ______________ petrol, so I have to stop at the next filling station.
②The bus got out of control and ________________ a wall.
③Food supplies had ________________ at the end of the trip.
【写作链接】单句写作
④大卫快要筋疲力尽了，但当他听到其他孩子的欢呼声时，他浑身是汗，艰难地朝终点线走去。
David _________________________________ but when he heard loud cheers from the other kids, he was making his way towards the finish line, bathed in sweat. (2022新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷，动作描写)
15 take the form of 呈现……的形状；采取……的形式
【原句】It took the form of a huge tree: the trunk, blackness, the branches, fire！(P25)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①in the form of … 以……的形式
②fill in/out a form 填写表格
③take form 逐渐成形；渐渐发展
选用以上短语补全句子
①In her body a new life was __________________．
②Our next class will __________________ a debate.
16 break out 突然开始，爆发
【原句】The cries of women broke out; the men looked at each other, but were silent. (P26)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①break down 出故障；垮掉；失败；分解
②break in 打断；强行进入
③break into 强行闯入；突然开始(笑、唱等)
④break off 折断；突然停止，暂停
⑤break through 突破；从云层后露出；作出新的重大发现；克服；战胜
⑥break up 打碎，破碎；结束；解散
⑦break away (from) 脱离，背叛；逃脱
选用以上短语补全句子
①Fighting had __________ between rival groups of fans.
②They can sometimes __________ and you have to spend time mending them.
③A neighbour called the police and reported two men trying to __________ the house.
1 Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, was teaching when the floor began to shake. (P16)
【句式】when引导时间状语从句。常用句式有：①be doing … when … ②be about to do … when … ③had done … when …
语法填空/完成句子
①The plane had taken off __________ we arrived at the airport.
②几天前我正在网上浏览最新的新闻，这时电脑突然坏了。
The other day I _____________________________ for the latest news when the computer broke down.
【写作链接】单句写作
③我正要放弃，这时我的父亲走过来鼓励我坚持下去。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(亲情友情/个人成长)
2 Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday; not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors. (P26)
【句式】as if＋虚拟语气的省略形式。完成形式为：as if＋虚拟语气(did或had done或would/could/might＋动词原形)。如果as if从句的主语和主句主语一致，且从句谓语包含be动词，则可以省略从句的“主语＋be动词”，变成“as if＋形容词/名词/现在分词/过去分词/介词短语/不定式”的结构。
语法填空
①The two boys bent their heads as if __________(study) something.
②He talked as if he __________(win) the lottery(彩票).
【写作链接】单句写作
③他张开嘴好像要说什么。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(细节描写)
1 odd adj. [熟义] 奇怪的，怪异的　[生义] 偶尔的(occasional)；不成对的；各种各样的(various)
选出正确的释义
A. 奇怪的，怪异的　　B. 偶尔的
C. 不成对的　　 D. 各种各样的
①Sabrina was one of the happy tourists until she noticed something odd.__________
②We found him wearing odd socks that day and thought it was funny.__________
③They headed to California to seek their fortune but ended up doing odd jobs to earn a living.__________
④He makes the odd mistake—nothing too serious.__________
2 power [熟义] n. 电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量　[生义] n. 有影响力的大国 vt. 驱动，推动
选出正确的释义
A. n. 电，电力　　B. vt. 驱动，推动
C. n. 政权　　 D. n. 有影响力的大国
①Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.__________
②He transformed a backward country into a world power.__________
③Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany.__________
④Built from recycled materials, the school produces no waste and is powered by solar panels.__________
3 flood [熟义] n. 洪水，水灾 vi. & vt. 淹没，泛滥　[生义] n. 大量 vi. & vt. 大量涌入；充满
选出正确的释义
A. n. 大量　　　　 B. vi. & vt. 淹没，泛滥
C. vi. 大量涌入　　 D. vi. & vt. 充满
①The villagers were frightened to see that the river would burst its bank and flood their home.__________
②They could afford to buy household goods thanks to a flood of imports from another country.__________
③I felt a great sense of relief flooding over me after my son came home from the front.__________
④Refugees continue to flood into neighbouring countries.__________
4 sharp adj. [熟义] 灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；尖锐的　[生义] 明显的(clear)；刺鼻的；急转弯的
选出正确的释义
A. 灵敏的　　　　B. 明显的　　
C. 急剧的　　 D. 刺鼻的
①The cheese has a distinctively sharp taste.__________
②In sharp contrast to her mood, the clouds were breaking up to reveal a blue sky.__________
③If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you'll have no trouble answering these questions.__________
④However, the sharp increase in blood sugar will cause the body to produce a special chemical to remove it.__________
Unit 3　The world online
主题：人与社会　　话题：互联网与网络时代
板块 内容 形式
Welcome to the unit 互联网发展的里程碑事件 网页
Reading 互联网的优点 语篇
Grammar and usage 网页介绍(动词 ing 形式做定、状和宾补) 语篇
Integrated skills 互联网使用报告 听力＋图表
Extended reading 远离智能手机生活一周的体验 语篇(博客)
Project 就“是否带手机进学校”进行辩论 辩论
主题语篇填空
The Internet has the power 1.__________(connect) people across the world to a single 2.__________(share) community. We can gain almost anything online—with access to the Internet come some truly life changing advantages. One of the greatest advantages of the Internet lies in the quick and easy access to 3.__________ huge amount of information. The Internet has now become the first place 4.__________ the majority of people turn to for information. Meanwhile, it has also made our lives unbelievably 5.__________(convenience), with all sorts of goods and services 6.__________(provide) by electronic commerce, more commonly known as e commerce. Above all else, the Internet helps us establish and maintain social ties. 7.__________, while the Internet brings many valuable advantages, 8.__________(connect) has its problems. We must be aware 9.__________ these problems and be careful to use the Internet properly and responsibly. Only in this way can the Internet be a place of 10.__________(discover), wonder and inspiration for everyone.
1 access n. 机会，权利；入径，通道 vt. 到达，进入，使用→accessible adj. 可接近的，可进入的，可使用的；易懂的；易相处的→inaccessible adj. 难以达到的，不可得到的
【原句】We can achieve almost anything online—with access to the Internet come some truly life changing advantages. (P30)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①have/get/obtain/gain access to … 得以接近/进入……
②be accessible to sb 能为某人接近或使用
③access to … 通往……的路
语法填空
①Medicine should not be kept where it is __________(access) to children.
②The loft can __________(access) by a ladder.
【写作链接】单句写作
③通过网上学习，学生们可以很容易进入名师课堂。
By studying online, students can ________________________________ given by excellent teachers.(2021全国乙卷，演讲稿)
2 arrangement n. 安排；布置；约定；排列→arrange vi. & vt. 安排；排列
【原句】When you wish to go on holiday, you can make all your travel arrangements just in front of the computer. (P31)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①make arrangements for … 为……做安排
②new security arrangements 新的安保措施
③the art of flower arrangement 插花艺术
语法填空
①Our __________(arrange) of yesterday no longer stands.
②There are special __________(arrange) for people working overseas.
【写作链接】单句写作
③如果你有兴趣，请在下周四下午5点前到办公室报名，以便我们做些必要的安排。
If you are interested, please sign up at the office before 5：00 p．m. next Thursday so that we will __________________________________. (告知信)
3 instant adj. 立即的，立刻的；方便的 n. 瞬间，片刻；某一时刻→instantly adv. 立即，马上
【原句】An instant message, a group chat, a video call, a comment on an update—there are endless ways to share our views or let someone know we care about them. (P31)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①in an instant 瞬间，马上
②instant food 速食，即食食品
③the instant (that) 一……就……
语法填空
①I recognized her the __________(instant) I saw her.
②I shall be back __________ an instant.
【写作链接】单句写作
③他立刻咯咯地笑起来，脸上洋溢着灿烂的笑容，并告诉我，他为我出色的表演感到骄傲。
____________________________ with a broad smile spreading on his face, he told me that he was proud of my wonderful performance. (2023新课标Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷，神态描写)
4 comment n. 议论，评论；批评，指责　vi. & vt. 表达意见))Ｂ
【原句】An instant message, a group chat, a video call, a comment on an update—there are endless ways to share our views or let someone know we care about them. (P31)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①make comments (on/upon)＝comment on/upon 对……作出评论
②thoughtful/interesting/insightful comments 深思熟虑的/有趣的/深刻的评论
语法填空/完成句子
①He made his __________(comment) at a news conference.
②她拒绝对现状发表评论。
She declined to ____________________ the current situation.
【写作链接】单句写作
③我的导师对我的论文提出了很多建议和评论，并对我的草稿的每一页进行了润色。
My tutor has _______________________________________________________
and polished every page of my draft. (2023新课标Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷，学术指导类)
5 aware adj. 知道，意识到；察觉到，发觉；有……意识的→awareness n. 知道；认识→unaware adj. 不知道的，没意识到的，未察觉的
【原句】As with any great invention, we must be aware of these problems and be careful to use the Internet properly and responsibly. (P31)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①be aware of/that 意识到，知道
②make sb aware of/that 使某人明白……
③arouse/raise/improve/strengthen one's awareness of … 唤起/提高/增强某人……的意识
语法填空
①The government is trying to raise public __________(aware) of environmental protection.
②She seemed abstracted and __________(aware) of her surroundings.
【写作链接】单句写作
③这项活动旨在提高人们珍惜食物的意识，并激励采取行动减少食物浪费。
This activity aims to _____________________________________________ and inspire actions towards reducing food waste. (2024九省联考，通知)
6 request vt. 要求，请求　n. 要求，请求；要求的事))Ｂ
【原句】For example, she has requested a technical team to develop an app so as to satisfy different users' needs. (P34)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语/句式造句
①make a request for … 要求……
②at the request of 应……的要求
③request sb to do sth 要求某人做某事
④request that … (should) do sth 要求……
⑤It is requested that … (should) do sth 要求……
语法填空
①They __________(request) to assemble in the hall last night.
②They were deaf to our __________(request).
【写作链接】单句写作
③根据要求，任何想参加该课程的人应在网上注册个人信息。
It is requested that anyone who wants to attend the course ___________________
__________. (通知)
7 addict n. 对……入迷的人；瘾君子→addicted adj. 上瘾的；入迷的→addiction n. 瘾；入迷；嗜好→addictive adj. 使人上瘾的；使人入迷的
【原句】I was a smartphone addict. (P39)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①a TV addict 电视迷
②be/get addicted to (doing) sth 沉迷于(做)某事
③addiction to … 对……上瘾
语法填空
①Sometimes, I still totally get wrapped up in that __________(addict) cycle of wanting to get attention.
②I don't want the kids getting __________(addict) to playing online games.
【写作链接】单句写作
③沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身心健康有害。
_________________________________ is harmful to our physical and mental health. (2021全国乙卷，演讲稿)
8 reveal vt. 展示，显出；揭示，透露))Ｂ
【原句】The details of the scene were revealed in front of me … (P40)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①reveal sth to sb 向某人透露某事
②reveal a secret 透露一个秘密
语法填空
①The door opened __________(reveal) a cosy little room.
②Details of the murder __________(reveal) by the local paper two days ago.
【写作链接】单句写作
③他笑了起来，露出一排洁白的牙齿。
He laughed, ________________________________.(外貌描写)
9 appreciate vt. 欣赏，赏识；感谢→appreciation n. 欣赏；感激；体谅，同情
【原句】Best of all, I began to appreciate the beauty in life with my own eyes, instead of through my smartphone camera. (P40)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语/句式造句
①appreciate doing sth 感激做某事
②I would appreciate it if … 如果……，我将不胜感激。
③in appreciation of 感激……
语法填空
①I don't appreciate __________(treat) like a second class citizen.
②She shows little __________(appreciate) of good music.
【写作链接】单句写作
③如果您能接受我的邀请，我将不胜感激。
I ____________________ if you could accept my invitation. (邀请信)
10 take off 突然大受欢迎，迅速流行；脱下；起飞))Ｂ
【原句】Soon emojis took off throughout the world. (P29)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①take up 开始做；开始从事；占据(时间、空间)
②take over 接管；控制
③take in 吸收；理解；欺骗
语法填空
①We eventually took __________ at 12 o'clock and arrived in Italy at 18：30.
②She decided that I was the ideal person to take __________ the company.
【写作链接】单句写作
③睡前你摄入的脂肪越多，晚上你的身体负担就越重。
__________________________ before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.
11 bring up 使显示在计算机屏幕上，调出；提出；养育
【原句】In the time it takes to find one book in the library, we can use a search engine to bring up millions of results. (P30)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①bring about 引起，导致
②bring back 归还；使想起
③bring down 降低；减少
④bring in 引进；提出(新法案)；宣布；赚得，挣得
语法填空
①He brought __________ a practical plan in the meeting.
②The government has taken measures to bring __________ the prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.
③The song brought __________ the happy memories of my childhood.
【写作链接】单句写作
④我们应该感恩父母，是他们抚养我们长大，给我们提供了好的生活环境。
We should appreciate our parents who __________________________________. (亲情)
12 be lost in 全神贯注，沉浸于
【原句】I finally picked up the classic novel I had always wanted to read and was soon lost in the beautiful language. (P40)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①be involved in 参与，涉及；卷入，牵涉
②be caught up in 被卷入，陷入
语法填空
①I'll __________(lose) in a cabin in the woods for the next two weeks.
②She stared out of the window, __________(lose) in a daydream.
【写作链接】单句写作
③在森林里徘徊了一阵之后，我们发现自己迷失在一条陌生的小路上。
After wandering in the forest for a while, we ____________________________ a strange path. (环境描写)
1 You can have food delivered to you using food delivery apps and sites. (P31)
【句式】“have＋宾语＋宾补”结构，其中过去分词delivered做宾补。“have sth done”结构，意为“使某事完成；遭遇某种(不幸的)事情；让/叫别人做某事”。
完成句子
①不幸的是，我的帽子被吹掉了。
Unfortunately, I _________________________________.
②他打算找人修修车。
He's going to ____________________________________.
【写作链接】单句写作
③把你的计划写下来是个好主意。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(建议信)
2 Only in this way can the Internet be a place of discovery, wonder and inspiration for everyone. (P31)
【句式】“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序，把助动词、情态动词或系动词提到主语前面。
完成句子
①只有通过每日练习，你才能真正掌握一门新语言。
__________________________________ truly master a new language.
②只有你相信自己，别人才会相信你。
________________________________ believe in you.
【写作链接】单句写作
③唯有得到你及时的帮助，我才可能在英语上取得如此大的进步。
________________________________ have made such great progress in English. (感谢信)
1 deliver [熟义] vt. 递送，传送；发表，宣布；交出,[生义] vt. 接生 vi. 履行诺言，兑现
选出正确的释义
A. vt. 递送，传送　 　B. vi. 履行诺言，兑现
C. vt. 发表，宣布　　 D. vt. 接生
①He has promised to finish the job by June and I am sure he will deliver.__________
②They rushed her to hospital where doctors delivered her baby.__________
③The president will deliver a speech about schools.__________
④I get my food delivered from the supermarket to save time.__________
2 device n. [熟义] 设备，仪器　[生义] 手段，技巧(method)；炸弹，爆炸装置；花招，诡计(trick)))Ｂ
选出正确的释义
A. 设备，仪器　　　　B. 手段，技巧　　
C. 炸弹，爆炸装置 D. 花招，诡计
①A powerful device exploded outside the station. __________
②We needed a device to get him out of the house. __________
③Secure your bike with this simple locking device. __________
④His promise of instant tax cuts was merely a device to win votes, with no realistic plan to implement it.__________
3 take off 一词多义参见“重点词汇突破”10
Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world
主题：人与社会　　话题：科学家与科学精神
板块 内容 形式
Welcome to the unit 科学家及其成就 视频
Reading 屠呦呦及其贡献 语篇(新闻报道)
Grammar and usage 青霉素的发现(动词 ed形式做定、状和宾补) 语篇(科学杂志文章)
Integrated skills 校科技节计划 听力＋语篇(新闻报道)
Extended reading 科学的价值 语篇(演讲稿)
Project 制作一位科学家的事实档案 事实档案
主题语篇填空
Tu Youyou became the first female scientist of China 1.__________(receive) a Nobel Prize. She was honored for her fight against malaria, a 2.__________(dead) disease threatening human 3.__________(survive).
Born in 1930, Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing, after 4.__________ she completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine, 5.__________(acquire) a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu led a research team whose 6.__________(intend) was to find a cure. When they failed to produce any promising results, Tu referred 7.__________ the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again. After 190 8.__________(fail), she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice. However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because of 9.__________(limit) research resources. What's more, they didn't have sufficient safety data. However, the efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. In 1972, they 10.__________(success) discovered qinghaosu, which is now a key part of many malaria medicines.
1 intend vt. & vi. 想要，计划；意指→intention n. 打算，计划，意图，目的→intended adj. 打算的，计划的；为……打算(或设计)的))Ｂ
【原句】In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease. (P44)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①intend to do 想要做
②intend sb to do 想要某人做
③be intended to do/for 旨在
④with the intention of … 抱有……目的
⑤had intended to do sth＝intended to have done sth 本打算做某事(但没有做)
语法填空
①Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message __________(intend) for everyone.
②I __________(intend) to catch the early bus, but I didn't get up early.
【写作链接】单句写作
③英文报Youth中的许多专栏是专门为高中生设计的，旨在丰富我们单调的校园生活。
Many columns of the English newspaper Youth are specially designed for senior high school students, __________________________________________．(2021新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷，短文投稿)
2 experiment n. 实验，试验；尝试，实践 vi. 做试验，进行实验；尝试
【原句】… Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. (P45)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①conduct experiments on 对……进行实验
②experiment on 对……进行实验
语法填空
①Many people do not like the idea of __________(experiment) on animals.
②Miss Widdowson and her partner would sometimes conduct __________(experiment) to judge the effect of certain substances in the body.
【写作链接】单句写作
③对活体动物进行实验是极其残忍的。
It's extremely cruel to perform ____________________________ live animals. (倡议书)
3 trial n. 试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 vi. & vt. 测试，试验))Ｂ
【原句】However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited. (P45)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①on trial 在试用中；在受审
②through/by trial and error 反复试验，不断摸索
完成句子
①从某种意义上说，我们是通过反复试验、不断摸索来学习的。
We learn, in a sense, ________________________________.
②这台机器我们试用了一个星期。
We had the machine ________________ for a week.
【写作链接】单句写作
③每个人都要经受青春期的考验。
Everyone is expected to stand ________________ adolescence.
4 limited adj. 有限的→limit n. 限度；极限；界限 vt. 限制；限量→limitation n. 限制；起限制作用的规则（或事实、条件）→limitless adj. 无限的
【原句】However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited. (P45)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①limit … to … 将……限制在……
②be limited to 限于；被限制在……上
语法填空/完成句子
①Many countries took immediate measures to __________ the spread of the virus. They set strict __________ on the number of people who can gather in public closed areas within a __________ space. (limit)
②每个家庭只能获得四张免费门票。
Families ________________ four free tickets each.
【写作链接】单句写作
③虽然一个人的生命是有限的，但为人民服务是无限的。我要把我有限的生命奉献给为人民服务。
A person's life is limited but _____________________________. I want to devote my limited life to serving the people. (助人与分享类)
5 surround vt. 围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关→surrounding adj. 周围的→surroundings n. 环境
【原句】He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mould were dead. (P48)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①be surrounded by 为……所环绕
②surround sth 围绕某物
语法填空
①The farm and __________(surround) areas were flooded.
②Schumacher adapted effortlessly to his new __________(surround).
【写作链接】单句写作
③当我意识到我是金牌的赢家时，我既惊讶又难以置信。
When I realized that I was the winner of gold medal, _______________________
__________. (2023新课标Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷，情绪描写)
6 favour (AmE favor) vt. 较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n. 帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒→favourable adj. 赞同的，支持的；有利的；优惠的→favourite n. 特别喜爱的人（或事物） adj. 特别受喜爱的
【原句】Fortune favours the prepared minds. (P48)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①do sb a favour 帮某人个忙
②owe sb a favour 欠某人一个人情
③in favour (of sb/sth) 赞同/支持(某人/某事)
④in sb's favour 对某人有利
语法填空/完成句子
①The delay might actually work __________ our favour.
②今天你能帮我个忙去学校接萨姆吗？
Could you ____________________ and pick up Sam from school today
7 charge vt. & vi. 充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满 n. 收费；控告；谴责；掌管
【原句】When a thunderstorm approached, the lightning would charge the key. (P49)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①charge sth (up) 给某物充电
②charge sb/sth for sth 为某物向某人/某物收取费用
③take charge of 掌管/负责
④sb be in charge of sth 某人控制/管理某物
⑤sth be in/under the charge of sb 某事受某人的管理
⑥free of charge 免费
⑦be charged with 被指控
选用以上短语补全句子
①He is old, so his son will ____________________ the farm.
②He ____________________ murder.
③The leaflet is available ____________________ from post offices.
【写作链接】单句写作
④我是李华，负责校园广播电台的英语节目“Talk and Talk”。
I am Li Hua, ________________________________， an English program from the Campus Broadcasting Station. (2022新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷，邀请信)
8 involve vt. 包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加→involved adj. 有关联，参与；关注→involvement n. 参与；投入
【原句】I had to ask myself, “Is there some evil involved in science？” (P53)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①involve doing sth 需要做……
②involve sb in (doing) sth 使某人参与(做)某事；使某人卷入(做)某事
③get/be involved in 被卷入；参与……
语法填空/完成句子
①Parents should __________(involve) in their children's education.
②任何投资都有一定的风险。
Any investment _____________________________.
【写作链接】单句写作
③这个简单的日常活动需要从你的桌子前站起来，伸展你的手臂、腿和背部，以及做几次深呼吸。
This simple routine ____________________________________, stretching your arms, legs and back, and taking a few deep breaths. (2024浙江1月卷，短文投稿，活动介绍)
9 credit n. 赞扬，认可；信用
vt. 存入金额；把……归于
【原句】Of course, if we make good things, it is not only to the credit of science; it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work. (P53)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①to sb's credit 某人值得表扬
②do sb credit＝do credit to sb/sth 某人/事物值得赞扬(或表扬)
③credit sth to sth 把某事物归功于某事物
语法填空/完成句子
①The team credited their victory __________ hard work.
②杰克对所发生的事守口如瓶，值得赞扬。
____________________， Jack never told anyone exactly what had happened.
③她将这些技能归功于已故的身为建筑工人的祖父德里克·劳埃德。
She _____________________________ her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. (2023全国甲卷)
10 authority n. 权威，权力；官方
【原句】But our freedom to doubt was born out of a deep and strong struggle against authority in the early days of science. (P54)
【拓展】试一试用下面短语造句
have the authority to do有权力做某事
语法填空
①Only the manager has the __________(authority) to sign cheques.
②He's universally recognized __________ an __________(authority) on Russian affairs.
11 permit vt. & vi. 允许，准许，许可；使有可能
n. 许可证→permission n. 准许，许可))Ｂ
【原句】Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure. (P54)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
②permit (doing) sth 允许(做)某事
③without permission 未经许可
④ask sb for permission＝ask permission from sb 请求某人许可
⑤a parking permit 停车许可(证)
语法填空
①Visitors __________(permit) to take photographs.
②If time __________(permit), climbing the mountain is a good choice.
【写作链接】单句写作
③如果天气允许，我们将举办冬日远足活动以接近大自然。
____________________， a winter hike will be launched to get us close to nature. (通知)
12 responsibility n. 责任，负责；职责，义务→responsible adj. 有责任，负责；可靠的→irresponsible adj. 不负责任的；不可靠的
【原句】It is our responsibility as scientists, knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, to declare the value of this freedom … (P54)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语/句式造句
①take/assume responsibility (for doing sth) 承担(做某事的)责任
②Sb have/has responsibility for doing sth/to do sth＝It is one's responsibility to do sth 某人有责任做某事
③be responsible for … 对……负责
完成句子
①对这一状况不闻不问是不负责任的。
It would be ____________________ ignore the situation.
②是时候有人承担责任，完成工作了。
It's time for someone to ____________________ and get the job done.
【写作链接】单句写作
③中国传统节日是中国文化的重要组成部分，保护它们是我们的责任。
Traditional Chinese festivals are an important part of Chinese culture, and ______
_______________________________________. (中国传统文化)
13 refer to 查阅，参考；提到，谈及
【原句】When they failed to produce any promising results, Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again. (P45)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①refer to … as … 把……当作/看作……
②refer … to … 把……介绍给/引荐给/提交给……
③make a reference to 提到/提及/谈到/参考
④for … reference 供……参考
⑤in/with reference to 关于；就……而论
语法填空
①We refer to him __________ a genius because he always wins the first prize in various contests.
②Youth, __________(refer) to as my best friend, accompanies me through my whole high school.
【写作链接】单句写作
③我写信寻求您关于什么样的中国传统文化最吸引外国人的建议。
I am writing to ask for your advice _____________________________________
_________________ appeal to foreigners most. (2021全国甲卷，求助信)
14 pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的；付清，偿清
【原句】The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. (P45)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①take off 起飞；事业腾飞；脱下(衣帽)
②set off 出发，启程；使……爆炸
③call off 取消
④show off 炫耀
选用以上短语补全句子
①It would take him the rest of his life to __________ the loan.
②Since the weather is bad, let's __________ the trip and stay at home.
【写作链接】单句写作
③最终她所有的努力取得了成功。
All her efforts ____________________ in the end.(个人成长)
15 put forward 提出，提议，建议；推荐；将……提前；拨快(时钟指针)
【原句】He put forward the theory of evolution by natural selection and published On the Origin of Species in 1859. (P55)
【拓展】试一试用下列短语造句
①put up 举起；张贴；建造；提高；提供住宿
②put out 扑灭；生产；出版
③put away 收拾；储蓄
④put aside 忽视，不理睬，把……放在一边；储存
⑤put off 推迟，延迟；使反感，使疏远
⑥put … in place 把……准备就绪；把……放置好
选用以上短语补全句子
①The first topic __________ at the meeting is that we should treasure the water resources.
②As long as we __________ our cellphones and get down to spending time with our family, we will never let our family down.
③It is a tradition for the Chinese people to __________ Spring Festival couplets either on the doors or walls in the Spring Festival.
【写作链接】单句写作
④我谨代表学生会提出一项关于节约校园用水的建议。
On behalf of the Students' Union, I'd like to ____________________________ on our campus. (倡议书)
1 However, it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu, after many failed experiments. (P47)
【句式】“It was not until … that … ”的强调句式
完成句子
①直到我经历了那件事我才意识到一个小小的关爱之举会融化他人的孤单。
____________________________________ I realized a small act of care can melt people's loneliness.
②直到工作结束，他才意识到自己有多累。
____________________________________________ he realized how tired he was.
2 Now, we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know. (P54)
【句式】“take it for granted (that …)”的句式
【拓展】该句型的变式：It is taken for granted (that) …；take＋名词＋for granted；还可以把其中的名词作为先行词，后面跟上定语从句：that be taken for granted/that＋主语＋take for granted。
完成句子
①他似乎理所当然地认为他应该作为代表发言。
He seemed to ____________________ he should speak as a representative.
②他总是把别人的帮助视为理所当然。所以，他的同事们不想和他合作。
He always ________________________. Therefore, his colleagues don't want to cooperate with him.
【写作链接】单句写作
③水很宝贵，但人们往往意识不到这一点。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(倡议书)
1 deadly [熟义] adj. 致命的；十足的，彻底的(extreme/complete/total)　[生义] adj. 枯燥的(boring) adv. 极其，非常(extremely)
选出正确的释义
A. adj. 致命的　　　B. adj. 十足的，彻底的
C. adj. 枯燥的 D. adv. 极其，非常
①The lecture was absolutely deadly.__________
②We sat in deadly silence.__________
③He was charged with possession of a deadly weapon.__________
④Broadcast news was accurate and reliable but deadly dull.__________
2 moral [熟义] adj. 道德的 n. 品行，道德　[生义] adj. 品行端正的；道义上的(ethical) n. 寓意
选出正确的释义
A. adj. 品行端正的　　B. adj. 道义上的
C. n. 寓意
①Governments have at least a moral obligation to answer these questions.
__________
②The moral of the story is: always stick to what you do best.__________
③He is a very moral person.__________
3 apply [熟义] vt. 应用 vi. 申请　[生义] vt. 涂(spread)；勤奋工作，努力学习；有关 vi. （对……）适用；有关
选出正确的释义
A. vt. 应用　　　　　B. vt. 涂
C. vi. (对……)适用 D. vt. 勤奋工作，努力学习
①The new technology was applied to farming.__________
②You would pass your exams if you applied yourself.__________
③Sara applied her lipstick carefully.__________
④Special conditions apply if you are under 18.__________
4 charge 一词多义参见“重点词汇突破”7
必修　第三册
Unit 1　Nature in the balance
单元主题回顾
1. including　2. an　3. which　4. length　5. varieties
6. unbelievable　7. is　8. survives　9. into　10. has disappeared
重点词汇突破
1. ①harmless　②harmful　③there is no harm in
2. ①lengths　②lengthened　③the length of our life, width and depth
3. ①varies　②varieties　③varieties of ancient artifacts, varying from porcelain to stone sculptures
4. ①surviving　②survival　③survivors　④that has survived China's long history
5. ①application　②Applicants　③I am writing to apply for taking part in the activity
6. ①defensive　②defending　③in defence of animals
7. ①consequently　②consequences　③As a consequence/In consequence/Consequently
8. ①due　②due to/owing to/because of/as a result of
9. ①rid　②got rid of　③to get rid of
10. ①about　②to　③in　④the Internet has brought about/contributed to/led to/resulted in/given rise to great changes
重点句式突破
1. ①twice more likely　②more than three times the width
③Founded 10 years ago, Youth has six times as many readers as it did when first published.
2. ①to which great damage had been done
②in front of which lay/there was a beautiful river
③You are generous with your time, for which I am sincerely grateful.
3. ①So did I　②Neither does he have　③It was the same/So it was with Jim
一词多义和熟词生义
1. ①A　②C　③B　④D　⑤E
2. ①B　②A　③C　④D
3. ①A　②C　③B　④D
Unit 2　Natural disasters
单元主题回顾
1. when　2. reaction　3. crashes　4. to make　5. signalled
6. orderly　7. bringing　8. destructive　9. occurred　10. relief
重点词汇突破
1. ①injured　②injuries　③offered first aid to the injured
2. ①signalled　②a signal for　③signalling the end of
3. ①confirmed　②confirmation　③confirming that autumn had arrived in Canada
4. ①occurred　②occurred
5. ①to relieve　②To my great relief
6. ①informed　②inform; information
7. ①scared　②scary　③scare away any dangerous animals
8. ①supplies　②in　③supplies members with a chance
9. ①curious　②out of curiosity　③curiously/with curiosity
10. ①beyond　②beyond us　③learn English beyond the classroom
11. ①distant　②to keep her family at a distance　③from/at a distance
12. ①rescue; rescue　②(was) rescued　③rescue people trapped in ruins
13. ①hold one's head high　②head for　③keep his head
14. ①running out of　②ran into　③run out　④was running out of his energy
15. ①taking form　②be in the form of/take the form of
16. ①broken out　②break down　③break into
重点句式突破
1. ①when　②was surfing the Internet　③I was about to give up when my father came and encouraged me to keep going.
2. ①studying　②had won　③He opened his mouth as if (he were) to say something.
一词多义和熟词生义
1. ①A　②C　③D　④B
2. ①A　②D　③C　④B
3. ①B　②A　③D　④C
4. ①D　②B　③A　④C
Unit 3　The world online
单元主题回顾
1. to connect　2. shared　3. a　4. that　5. convenient
6. provided　7. However　8. being connected　9. of　10. discovery
重点词汇突破
1. ①accessible　②be accessed　③have/get/obtain/gain easy access to lectures
2. ①arrangement　②arrangements　③make necessary arrangements
3. ①instant　②in　③Giggling in an instant/instantly
4. ①comment(s)　②make comments on/comment on　③offered many suggestions and comments on my paper
5. ①awareness　②unaware　③improve/raise/strengthen people's awareness of food conservation
6. ①were requested　②request(s)　③(should) register personal information online
7. ①addictive　②addicted　③Being addicted to online games
8. ①to reveal　②were revealed　③revealing a line of white teeth
9. ①being treated　②appreciation　③would appreciate it
10. ①off　②over　③The more fat you take in
11. ①up　②down　③back　④bring us up and provide us with a good living environment
12. ①be lost　②lost　③found ourselves lost in
重点句式突破
1. ①had my hat blown off　②have his car repaired
③It's a good idea to have your plan written down.
2. ①Only by practising daily can you　
②Only if you believe in yourself will others　
③Only with your timely help could I
一词多义和熟词生义
1. ①B　②D　③C　④A
2. ①C　②B　③A　④D
Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world
单元主题回顾
1. to receive　2. deadly　3. survival　4. which　5. acquiring
6. intention　7. to　8. failures　9. limited　10. successfully
重点词汇突破
1. ①intended　②had intended　③with the intention of enriching/intending to enrich our boring campus life
2. ①experimenting　②experiments　③experiments on
3. ①through/by trial and error　②on trial　③the trial of
4. ①limit; limits/limitations; limited　②are limited to　③serving the people is limitless
5. ①surrounding　②surroundings　③surprise and disbelief surrounded me/I was surrounded by surprise and disbelief
6. ①in　②do me a favour
7. ①be in/take charge of　②was charged with　③free of charge　④in charge of “Talk and Talk”
8. ①be involved　②involves certain risks　③involves standing up from your desk
9. ①to　②To his credit　③credits these skills to
10. ①authority　②as; authority
11. ①are permitted　②permits　③Weather permitting
12. ①irresponsible to　②take responsibility　③it's our responsibility to preserve them
13. ①as　②referred　③in/with reference to what kinds of traditional Chinese culture
14. ①pay off　②call off　③paid off
15. ①put forward　②put aside　③put up　④put forward a proposal to save water
重点句式突破
1. ①It was not until I experienced the event that
②It was not until he finished his work that
2. ①take it for granted that　②takes others' help for granted
③Water is a precious commodity that is often taken for granted.
一词多义和熟词生义
1. ①C　②B　③A　④D
2. ①B　②C　③A
3. ①A　②D　③B　④C

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