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第二部分　动词体系
专题五　谓语动词
一、 规则回顾
(一) 动词的时态(高中英语常见种类)
典句研读 规则归纳
一般 现在时 We always care for each other and help each other. 1. 经常发生的或习惯性的动作或状态，常与always、usually、seldom、sometimes、every day、now and then、once a week等时间状语连用。 2. 客观事实或普遍真理。 3. 按计划、规定、安排要发生的动作或事件，但仅限于go、arrive、leave、start、stay、return、begin、come等动词。 4. 眼下或目前等现在时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，这种状态带有一定的持续性。 5. 在时间/条件/方式/让步状语从句中，表示将来的动作。
The science teacher told us the Earth moves around the sun.
The plane takes off at 8：00 a．m. and arrives in Beijing at 11：00 a．m.
She lives in a villa at the foot of the hill.
Whatever happens, you should keep cool headed.
现在进行时 Kimberly is writing an article, so don't disturb her. 1. 说话时正在进行的动作。 2. 现阶段一直在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行。 3. 按计划或安排要进行的动作，只限于go、come、stay、leave、start、begin、arrive、return、fly、drive等动词。 4. 与always、forever、constantly、continually、all the time等时间状语连用表示重复的动作，常表达赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等感情。 5. 在时间/条件状语从句中代替将来进行时。
I've heard that preparations are being made for the coming festival. Let's give them a hand.
Mr Smith is coming next Sunday.
He is always thinking of others first.
If I am sleeping when she comes, wake me up please.
现在完成时 This is the first time that I have watched a play. 1. 过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 2. 过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，必须使用延续性动词，往往和表示一段时间的状语连用，如for、since、so far、recently、up to now等。 3. 在时间/条件状语从句中，现在完成时代替将来完成时，表示将来某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。
This is the best film (that) I've ever seen.
It has been six years since I came here.
If you have finished reading the magazine before I leave, please give it back to me.
现在完成进行时 Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases. 1. 从过去某个时间开始一直持续到现在的动作，并有可能仍在持续。 2. 一直到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复的动作，常带有感彩。
This is what I have been expecting since my childhood.
Time has been flying so quickly!
You have been telling me not to be late all the way.
一般过去时 Where did you go yesterday？ 1. 在过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态，常与yesterday、last night、the other day等时间状语连用。 2. 在过去某一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作或状态。 3. 在时间/条件/让步状语从句中代替过去将来时。 4. 用于一些固定句型中表示虚拟语气，如：It is time that sb did sth/If only sb did sth等。
When I was in the countryside, I often called on my old friends there.
We would not leave until she came back.
It is time that the kids went to bed.
过去进行时 What were you doing at this time yesterday 1. 过去某一时刻或某一阶段内正在进行或频繁发生的动作。 2. 过去某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生。 3. 表示客气、礼貌或不确定。 4. come、go、leave、arrive等动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来。
When I came home, she was cooking dinner.
I was wondering if you could do me a favour.
He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.
过去完成时 By the end of last year, we had produced 20，000 cars. 1. 过去某一时间或动作前已完成的动作或动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直持续到过去的另一时间，常用的时间状语有：by/until/before/by the end of＋过去的某一时间点。 2. 未能实现的愿望或意图，常用hope、expect、mean、intend、want、suppose等表示“本想做而未做”。 3. 在表示“一……就……”的句型中，如hardly/scarcely/rarely … when … 和no sooner … than …，后面的从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时且用部分倒装。 4. It/This was the first/second time that … 句型中，that 从句的谓语要用过去完成时。
He said that he had finished his homework.
We had intended to come and see you.
Hardly/Scarcely had she gone to bed when the bell rang.
It was the first time that she had seen him in person.
一般将来时 He is going to move to Beijing with his wife. 1. be going to do表示打算、计划、准备要做的事或有迹象表明要发生的动作。 2. shall/will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时做出的决定。 3. be to do表示按计划或安排要做某事，还可以表示吩咐、命令、禁止等。 4. be about to do/be on the point of doing表示“即刻，就要”，后面一般不接时间状语(从句)。
If it is fine, we will go fishing.
They are to meet at the gate of the school.
She is about to call her friend.
过去将来时 He said he would wait for us at the bus stop. 1. should/would do表示未来的动作或状态或表示一种趋向动作。 2. was/were going to do表示按计划或安排即将发生或根据当时情况判断有可能但不一定会发生的事。 3. was/were about to do表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。 4. was/were to do表示事先商定、安排或准备要做的事情，还可表示命中注定要发生的事、义务、责任、需要等。
I didn't know if he would come.
I was going to buy a car then.
She was about to say something more but she checked herself.
The building was to be completed the next month.
将来进行时 We shall be meeting at the cinema at 5 o'clock this afternoon. 1. 将来某一时间正在进行的动作或按计划、安排预计将要发生的事。 2. 将来某一时刻开始，并持续下去的动作，常用于礼貌的询问、要求等。
Will you be having supper with us this evening？
将来完成时 They will have been married for 15 years by then. 1. 某事持续到将来某一时刻为止一直有的状态。 2. 在将来某一时刻或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作。
I shall have finished reading the book by the end of this month.
(二) 动词的语态(被动语态：主语是动作的承受者或行为的对象)
典句研读 特殊情况
一般现在时的 被动语态 This team is called a cheer leading squad. 1. 不能用被动语态： (1) 不及物动词(短语)，如happen、disappear、take place等； (2) 表示状态的动词，如cost、last、hold等； (3) 表示归属的动词(短语)，如have、own、belong to等； (4) 表示“希望，意图”的动词，如wish、want、hope、like等。 2. 主动表被动： (1) 系动词＋形容词/名词，如look、taste、turn等； (2) 表示主语某种属性特征的动词，常有副词(easily、well等)修饰，如wash、sell等； (3) 表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin、finish、start等； (4) 动名词或不定式主动形式表示被动意义。
现在进行时的 被动语态 He is being interviewed by the headmaster now.
现在完成时的 被动语态 The machine has already been repaired．
一般过去时的 被动语态 He was made to work all day long.
过去进行时的 被动语态 Several patients were being treated in the local hospital at that time.
过去完成时的 被动语态 By the time he died in 2016, Ali had been recognized as one of the greatest boxers of all time.
一般将来时的 被动语态 The problem is going to/will be discussed at the meeting.
过去将来时的 被动语态 The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
将来完成时的 被动语态 The book will have been published by the end of next month.
(三) 主谓一致(语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三原则)
典句研读 规则归纳
语法一致原则 Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day. 主语是单个不可数名词、动名词、不定式或从句时，谓语动词用单数；若为and连接的并列结构，并列的各项被视为一个整体或一个概念时，谓语动词用单数，并列的各项被视为不同的、独立的事物或概念时，谓语动词用复数。
To get up early and to go to sleep early is good for your health.
Reading books and watching movies are my favourite hobbies.
Nobody wants to go there. 由“some/any/no/every＋one/thing/body”构成的复合代词和代词each、either、neither、one、the other、another、no one等做主语时，谓语动词用单数。
I don't think either of them is at home.
Neither student has passed the exam.
语法一致原则 Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process. “many a(n)/more than one＋单数可数名词”做主语时，尽管意义上表示复数，但谓语动词仍用单数。
More than one student has visited the exhibition.
The teacher as well as his students was very excited. 主语后面跟有with、along with、together with、besides、as well as、but、except、rather than、like、including、in addition to时，谓语动词的单复数与前面的主语保持一致。
Nobody but his parents knows the truth.
This is the boy who is to see you. 定语从句中关系词做主语时，从句中的谓语动词单复数形式要与先行词保持一致。
The boys who are playing football there are my best friends.
意义一致原则 The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls. family、class、team、group等集体名词做主语，若指一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若指具体成员，谓语动词用复数；people、police等集体名词做主语时，谓语动词必须用复数；clothing、poetry、furniture、luggage等集体名词做主语时，谓语用单数。
The class are doing an experiment.
The police are looking into the accident.
If your luggage is overweight, you'll have to pay extra.
A number of players are from Jiangsu. “a number of＋名词复数”做主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of＋名词复数”做主语时，谓语动词用单数。
The number of the students in our class is 50.
About one third of the books are worth reading. “分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”做主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数及其表示的意义。
Only 60 per cent of the work was done yesterday.
The disabled have equal opportunities in society now. “the＋形容词”表示一类人(the poor、the rich、the old、the young等)，做主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The old are taken good care of in this area.
The injured have been taken to hospital.
Ten thousand kilometres is a long distance. 表示时间、距离、价格、度量等的复数名词或短语做主语时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把它们看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调的是多个独立的时间，谓语动词也可以用复数。
Five years is too long a time for her.
Five years have passed since he went to America.
就近一致原则 Not only the teacher but also the students are going there. 由neither … nor …、either … or …、not only … but also …、not … but …、or 等连接的两个并列名词(短语)或代词做主语时，谓语动词的单复数要和离它最近的主语保持一致。
Only one or two students were late today.
There is a chair and two tables in the room. there be结构中，使用就近原则。
There were four bananas and an orange left.
二、 规则应用
(一) 单句语法填空：阅读下列句子，用所给动词的适当形式填空。
Group 1: 能力训练题
1. I ___________(get) two postcards from her last week.
2. He said he ___________(go) to New York next month.
3. I arrived late and missed the flight. I ___________(expect) the traffic to be so heavy.
4. By the time my mother came back from work, my sister and I ___________(cook) supper and were waiting for her at the table.
5. —Has Tom finished his homework
—No, I'm afraid he ___________(finish) it yet. But he ___________(do) his homework the whole day and I think he will finish it in an hour.
6. I ___________(take) an exam between 2：30 and 4：30 tomorrow afternoon, so I can't go skating with you.
7. It was the first time that his life story ___________(tell) to us.
8. The first time I met him, he ___________(scold) by his older sister.
9. My bike ___________(repair) at present.
10. The plan ___________(study) by the experts for three times.
11. The number of the students in that school ___________(have) greatly increased in recent years.
12. Every man and woman ___________(have) gotten the hang of using computers in the company.
13. Tom is the only one of the students in our class who ___________(have) ever chatted with her.
14. A new proposal along with a series of reasons ___________(have) been put forward.
15. Between the two rows of trees ___________(stand) the teaching building.
Group 2: 高考真题
1. A decent winner always ___________(try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture(姿态) of respect for the other side.(2025全国一卷)
2. And in the process, I've experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent” of freshly sunned clothes ___________(be) one of them.(2025全国二卷)
3. By the time you brushed your teeth, you ___________(make) several decisions even without noticing.(2025北京卷)
4. However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists ___________(leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year.(2025北京卷)
5. The concept ___________(be) certainly not new—men have been renting good suits for decades—but for female shoppers, it is just taking off.(2025浙江1月卷)
6. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ___________(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)
7. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ___________start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions.(2024浙江1月卷)
8. On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___________(name) the world's oldest living man.(2024北京卷)
9. As a little girl, I ___________(wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.(2023新课标Ⅱ卷)
10. Up to now, China ___________(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.(2023北京卷)
(二) 语篇语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Recently, a video series named “Escape from the British Museum” 1.___________(go) viral. As a three episode series directed by two Chinese vloggers, it 2.___________(tell) the journey of how a Chinese jade teapot escapes from the British Museum and finds its own way back to China. Viewers 3.___________(move) by a scene where the little teapot exclaims “Such a big cabinet is shared only by two people！” upon arrival at the place of the journalist and his friend.
A few days ago, the British Museum claimed to be the victim of “cultural theft” which, if we look back to the history, 4.___________(be) apparently what China has indeed suffered from. Statistics have shown that there are 5.___________(approximate) 23，000 Chinese relics in the British Museum, with about 2，000 of them on long term display. These priceless relics involve nearly all 6.___________(art) categories. They 7.___________(number) and packed in glass cabinets so that their origins 8.___________(conceal).
It is reported that there are three common ways to retrieve lost Chinese cultural artifacts: purchase, donation, and demands. From 1949 to 2019, a total of 150，000 Chinese relics in over 300 batches 9.___________(recover). Recent years 10.___________(see) more batches reclaimed thanks to combined efforts. May all of our lost cultural treasures come back home soon!
(三) 微写作(至少使用1～2个含时态、语态用法的句子)。
我从小就是一个动物爱好者，红山动物园多年来一直是我最喜欢的地方。去年十月，我兴奋地得知动物园引进了罕见的大猩猩。从那以后，我一直密切关注着它们的成长，并多次参观动物园。每次我观察它们，我都会注意到它们的行为和互动的新变化。
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专题六　非谓语动词
一、 规则回顾
非谓语动词通常指动词不定式、动词 ing 形式(动名词和现在分词)和动词 ed形式，在句中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
典句研读 规则归纳
非谓语动词做主语 To say is one thing; to do is another. 1. 动词不定式和动名词形式都可以在句中做主语。 2. 有时也用it做形式主语，代替动词不定式或动名词。
Being exposed to radiation in the lab too often caused Tim's death.
It is no use crying over spilt milk．
非谓语动词做宾语 We can't afford to go abroad this summer. 1. 在afford、agree、arrange、claim、desire、fail、wish等动词后，常用动词不定式做宾语。 2. 在advise、admit、avoid、deny、finish、suggest等动词以及burst out、give up、insist on、keep on、put off 等动词短语后，常用动名词形式做宾语。 3. 在like、love、begin、start等动词后，既可接动词不定式做宾语，也可接动名词形式做宾语，二者区别不大；但表具体的、某次动作时常用不定式，表习惯性、抽象动作时常用动名词。 4. 在remember、forget、regret、try、mean等动词后，既可接动词不定式做宾语，也可接动名词形式做宾语，但二者意义不同。 5. 介词后一般只接动名词形式做宾语。
He burst out laughing．
I remember seeing him before.
Remember to tell him about it．
I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon．
非谓语动词做表语 The problem remains to be settled． 1. 不定式做表语常用来表示将要发生的动作，也可用来表示未来的可能性和假设；但当不定式所做的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时，这时的不定式只做单纯的表语，且不具有未来的含义。 2. 动词的现在分词、过去分词、不定式和动名词都可以在句中做表语，说明主语的状态或者特征，动名词还可以表示主语所指的内容。 3. 过去分词做表语时通常用来表示主语的感受或所处的状态。
The result is very disappointing．
The glass was broken．
What I hate most is swimming．
非谓语动词做定语 As we all know, the desire to be connected has brought solitude to an end. 1. 不定式做定语： (1) 不定式做定语表示将来的动作； (2) 有些名词后大多用不定式做定语，如ability、desire、attempt、chance、decision、effort、failure、promise、offer、way、time、wish等； (3) 被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next、last、only、not a等限定词/短语时，只能用不定式。 2. 分词做定语： (1) 现在分词表示主动且正在进行的动作； (2) 过去分词表示被动且已经完成的动作。
The last creature to compete with us was the mosquito.
The boy standing over there is my brother.
A broken cup is lying on the ground.
Beneath this amazing sky, we see a sleeping village and a lonely tree.
非谓语动词做状语 To give the teacher a good impression, I decided to sit in the front row. 1. 不定式做状语： (1) 通常表示目的，相当于in order to或so as to； (2) 表示结果时常用于too … to …、only to …、never to … 等结构中； (3) 常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中，常见形容词有sorry、surprised、disappointed、excited、glad、happy、anxious、delighted、pleased、foolish等。 2. 分词做状语： (1) 现在分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是主动关系，且含有进行的意义； (2) 过去分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，且含有完成的意义。
Tom hurried back only to find that his mother had left.
We were surprised to find the temple still in the original condition.
He went out, shutting the door behind him．
Given more time, I'll be able to finish my report better.
非谓语动词做宾语补足语 The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat. 1. 常接带to的不定式做宾补的动词(短语)：advise、allow、ask、encourage、expect、forbid、force、get、invite、order、persuade、prefer、warn、wish、call on、depend upon等。 2. 非谓语动词做感官动词(see、watch、hear等)或者使役动词(make、have、let等)的宾补，用哪种形式需根据动作与宾语的逻辑关系判断： (1) 表主动、正在进行用现在分词； (2) 表被动、完成用过去分词； (3) 使役动词(make、have、let等)后接不定式做宾补时省略to，被动语态须还原to。 3. 分词做宾补： (1) 现在分词表示的动作与宾语为逻辑上的主动关系； (2) 过去分词表示的动作与宾语为逻辑上的被动关系。 4. “with＋宾语＋宾补”结构： (1) with sb/sth doing (表示主动、进行或特征)； (2) with sth done (表示被动、完成或状态)； (3) with sth to do (表示将来)。
Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother taken good care of at home.
As I got closer, I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.
The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after school.
The teacher tried to speak louder to make himself heard．
Her words set me thinking deeply.
I heard Beethoven's Symphony No.9 played last night.
He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky.
With his hair cut, he looked much younger.
With a lot of homework to do, he can't go shopping with us.
独立主格结构 A girl came in, book in hand． 独立主格结构通常由“名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/分词/不定式”构成，在句中做状语，表示谓语动作发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等。它有以下三个特点： 1. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同，它独立存在； 2. 名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系； 3. 独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，与主句之间不用任何连接词。
The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey.
The job finished, we went home.
So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed.
二、 规则应用
(一) 用非谓语动词改写下列句子。
1. Next time you visit Bob, remember that you should give him a call in advance.
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2. The machine should break down only a week later, which was a surprise.
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3. They built a highway, which leads to the mountains.
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4. He was happy to see they take good care of his mother.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Because he was annoyed at the decision, he refused to attend the meeting.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(二) 单句语法填空：阅读下列句子，用所给动词的适当形式填空。
Group 1: 能力训练题
1. ___________(celebrate) on the first Friday of October, World's Smile Day is established for the spreading of simple joy and love to everyone.
2. A fisherman claimed to have witnessed a giant sea turtle this morning ___________(measure) almost two metres long.
3. While accustomed to climbing the steep mountain, this time he found it tough for him to do so, for the difficulty he had ___________(breathe) was beyond his anticipation.
4. Earthen houses are made of earth, stone, bamboo and wood, all readily available materials which are used ___________(form) walls up to 6 feet thick.
5. The medicine has proved somewhat effective, but further testing remains ___________(conduct).
6. The education program ___________(aim) at combining brain work with manual labour is being widely spread throughout the country.
7. For example, there is China's Belt and Road Initiative, which motivates many countries along the Silk Road ___________(cooperate) more closely.
8. With the Arts Festival ___________(approach), more than 50 shows (select) from all over the country will be performed in the theatres.
9. I learned this while ___________(take) care of a seagull unfortunate enough to swallow a hook.
10. ___________(expose) to freezing weather, courageous tourists and scientists still choose to visit Antarctica.
11. She applied the classic patterns to her own modern designs in a creative way after conducting research into the variety of patterns ___________(find) on the murals.
12. To better understand the wildlife found here, Wildwatch Kenya seeks ___________(identify) and track the giraffes in conservation field sites.
13. He flew 4，700 kilometres from Xi'an to Kashgar on September 20, ___________(plan) to hike back to Xi'an in five months.
14. It is hard ___________(name) a comedy star who hasn't been on the stage here.
15. Just then, some kids ran at him, ___________(knock) his books out of his arms.
Group 2: 高考真题
1. When ___________(travel), we engage with cultures and experiences.(2025北京卷)
2. Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women ___________(rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one time event dressing.(2025浙江1月卷)
3. “… I know that doesn't always mean ___________(return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend，” she says.(2025浙江1月卷)
4. These sepals open on warm days ___________(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)
5. Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time ___________(rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of self awareness.(2024北京卷)
6. And when ___________(ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation(适度).(2024北京卷)
7. No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ___________(want) more next time.(2023新课标Ⅰ卷)
8. Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ___________(lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.(2023新课标Ⅰ卷)
9. ___________(cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.(2022新高考Ⅰ卷)
10. ___________(strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media.(2022全国乙卷)
(三) 语篇语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.___________(go) to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles' song The Long and Winding Road. What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out of this world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans 2.___________(be).
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will undoubtedly help you get 3.___________(refresh)! The 4.___________(amaze) thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature 5.___________(get), the hotter the spring is! Strange, isn't it But that's how nature is—always leaving us 6.___________(astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help 7.___________(wonder) how hard it was for the people then 8.___________(put) all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 9.___________(ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”， and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in mine. While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is a must 10.___________(visit)!
(四) 微写作(至少使用1～2个含非谓语动词的句子)。
作为一个积极、充满活力的年轻人，我喜欢体育运动和户外活动。此外，我性格开朗，乐于助人，很容易相处，并且喜欢交朋友。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
语法填空专项训练二
课时一
1. The company has gone into a decline because of ___________(fall) demand.
2. The local government has taken measures by limiting the number of private cars and ___________(encourage) the use of public transportation.
3. “We're a dumping ground，” Omar explains. “All the garbage from the rest of New York City ___________(end) up here.”
4. This conversational robot companion has cameras in its eyes, which allow it ___________(track) patients and use appropriate facial expressions and body language in its interactions.
5. ___________(combine) the charm of traditional Chinese designs and the richness of modern living, these hotels will definitely offer you an unforgettable experience and a perfect getaway.
6. The novel was based on a film adaptation of a literary work ___________(adapt) from a true story.
7. ___________(see) from above, the shape of this building is like a figure “8” or the infinity sign “∞”．
8. The Treewow Tribe in Zhejiang Province features houses that ___________(surround) by a sea of bamboo trees to provide tourists with comfortable privacy.
9. It's a reality that food production, biodiversity and carbon storage in ecosystems ___________(compete) for the same land.
10. ___________(make) with Toulouse sausage, white beans, pork rind and trotter, confit duck and local garlic, Cassoulet(焖肉) gets its name from the cassole clay pot in which it's cooked.
11. The resulting sugars are chemically the same as those derived from plants but would be generated in a tiny fraction of the area ___________(require) by conventional crops.
12. The “Spring Fair”，___________(feature) diverse Chinese cultural activities, was held on Sunday at the Garden of Serenity, a traditional Chinese garden in Santa Lucija, Malta.
13. The project was predicated on the assumption that the economy ___________(expand).
14. Terasa thought the best way to win Sierra's trust and fondness ___________(be) to feed her treats.
15. The cookies ___________(be) a hit with Sierra and other horses, (send) Terasa's life in a new direction.
16. He got admission into a top university in the north while his cousin ___________(admit) to one in the south.
17. Then a serious health problem threatened ___________(ruin) her plans.
18. Having read the book, she will be able to pass on the ___________(acquire) knowledge to trainee teachers.
19. In the course of evolution, some birds ___________(lose) the power of flight.
20. The ___________(introduce) electric powered engines and lifts made the development possible.
21. By the time of his death he was the best selling Chinese author, and over 100 million copies of his works ___________(sell) worldwide.
22. Other Little Year activities include cleaning the house ___________(sweep) away bad luck and hanging spring couplets—red decorations hung in pairs—on doorways for wealth.
23. The earliest batch(批次) of tea is often ready to be picked before Qingming. This precious small output of tea, widely ___________(seek) after for its outstanding quality, is called Mingqian tea.
24. The accuracy of the source of information comes first in ___________(deal) with reading comprehension.
25. With the drama ___________(release) on China Central Television and streaming platform iQIYI on Jan.28, its viewership is steadily on the rise.
课时二
1. After taking pictures, you will head back to the base camp to enjoy a hot meal ___________(serve) around the fire.
2. Workers ___________(train) to carefully take buildings apart so that things like doors and windows can be reused instead of ___________(smash) and sent off to a landfill.
3. Telepresence robots such as MantaroBot, Vgo, and Giraff can be controlled through a computer, smartphone, or tablet, ___________(allow) family members or doctors to remotely monitor patients or Skype them.
4. Instead, they perform routine and laborious tasks, ___________(free) nurses up to attend to patients with immediate needs.
5. Similarly, by the end of 2022, designers had restored the Bamboo Craft Village near Chengdu City, ___________(preserve) the construction traditions to build an extremely impressive roof.
6. The group that scored high on all nine of the risk behaviours was most likely to show symptoms of depression; in all, nearly 15% of this group reported ___________(depress), compared with just 4% of the low risk group.
7. Notably, the free form roof imitates the free flowing lines of nature, gracefully ___________(invite) the green landscape into the private space.
8. For 85 years, the Harvard Study of Adult Development (track) an original group of 724 men and more than 1，300 of their male and female descendants(后代) over three generations, asking thousands of questions and taking hundreds of measurements to find out what really ___________(keep) people healthy and happy.
9. He was excited to experience calligraphy and showed admiration for Chinese culture, despite not ___________(visit) China.
10. We might be sitting on a gold mine of vitality that we are not paying attention to, because it ___________(hide) by the shiny appeal of smartphones or pushed to the side by work demands.
11. Researchers found that people who were in more ___________(satisfy) relationships were cushioned(缓冲) somewhat from ups and downs of mood—their happiness did not decline as much on the days when they had more pain.
12. Since then, all government units, organizations and streets communities ___________(organize) a yearly autumn trip for those who have retired from their posts.
13. Water levels on the Rhine River dropped so far that ships ___________(load) with goods in Germany and the Netherlands, including coal and petrol, ___________(be) unable to travel.
14. “This was a crisis ___________(cause) in large part by climate change，” says Richard Allan, who is also at the University of Reading.
15. The droughts and the extreme floods that we are seeing ___________(tie) together, and are part and parcel of the broader challenge of climate change.
16. Psychology professor K．Anders Ericsson claims that with enough practice, any of us can become experts. However, he is quick ___________(add) that this requires a specific kind of practice that Ericsson calls “deliberate practice”： that is, ___________(push) beyond one's comfort zone and setting goals.
17. This marks the first time that categorical rhythm ___________(find) in a non human mammal.
18. On Sunday, the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China announced that the C919 aircraft ___________(complete) all six test flights.
19. Found in 2007, walls of the ruins and the surrounding water conservation system combined to display a massive infrastructure base, the construction of which is estimated ___________(take) 4，000 people a decade to accomplish.
20. When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting competition ___________(watch), together with the story behind it.
21. Solving “lantern riddles” is among the many popular traditional activities for the festival, which include eating tangyuan, enjoying the full moon, and ___________(lose) in colourful lighted lanterns.
22. The medals are inspired by yu bi, a Chinese jade artefact dating back 5，000 years. A total of five of this kind of jade ___________(unearth) from a tomb up to now.
23. She came from a humble background and ___________(force) to choose the cheapest school available in the region.
24. The Getty Center sits on a hilltop in the Santa Monica Mountains, ___________(tower) above the city of Los Angeles.
25. Because bad air ___________(make) it difficult for me to breathe and I think it does influence my performance at work.
第二部分　动词体系
专题五　谓语动词
(一) Group 1：
1. got　2. was going/would go　3. hadn't expected　4. had cooked　
5. hasn't finished; has been doing　6. will be taking
7. had been told　8. was being scolded　9. is being repaired
10. has been studied　11. has　12. has　13. has　14. has　15. stands
Group 2：
1. tries　2. is　3. had made　4. left　5. is　6. walks
7. have started　8. was named　9. wished
10. has established
(二) 1. has gone　2. tells　3. are moved　4. is
5. approximately　6. artistic　7. are numbered
8. are concealed　9. were recovered　10. have seen
(三) I have always been an animal lover since my childhood, and the Hongshan Zoo has been my favourite place for years. Last October, I was thrilled to learn that the zoo had introduced rare gorillas. Since then, I have been following their growth closely and have visited them several times. Each time I observe them, I notice new changes in their behaviour and interactions.
专题六　非谓语动词
(一) 1. Next time you visit Bob, remember to give him a call in advance.
2. The machine breaking down only a week later was a surprise.
3. They built a highway leading to the mountains.
4. He was happy to see his mother taken good care of by them.
5. Annoyed at the decision, he refused to attend the meeting.
(二) Group 1：
1. Celebrated　2. measuring　3. breathing　4. to form
5. to be conducted　6. aimed　7. to cooperate
8. approaching; selected　9. taking　10. Exposed
11. found　12. to identify　13. planning　14. to name
15. knocking
Group 2：
1. travel(l)ing　2. to rent　3. returning　4. to give
5. to rest　6. asked　7. wanting　8. to be lifted
9. Covering　10. To strengthen
(三) 1. Going　2. are　3. refreshed　4. amazing　5. gets　6. astonished　7. wondering　
8. to put　9. aching 10. to visit
(四) Being an active and energetic young man, I like sports and outdoor activities. In addition, I'm outgoing and ready to help others. As a result, I'm easy to get along with and I like making friends．
语法填空专项训练二
课时一
1. falling　2. encouraging　3. ends　4. to track
5. Combining　6. adapted　7. Seen　8. are surrounded
9. are competing　10. Made　11. required　12. featuring　13. was expanding　14. was　15. were; sending　16. was admitted　17. to ruin　18. acquired　19. have lost
20. introduced　21. had been sold　22. to sweep　23. sought
24. dealing　25. released
课时二
1. served　2. are/were trained; being smashed　3. allowing
4. freeing　5. preserving　6. being depressed　7. inviting　8. has tracked; keeps　9. having visited　10. is hidden
11. satisfying　12. have organized/have been organizing
13. loaded; were　14. caused　15. are tied　16. to add; pushing　17. has been found　18. had completed　19. to have taken　20. to watch　21. being lost　22. have been unearthed　23. was forced　24. towering　25. makes

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