资源简介

(共11张PPT)
直击中考
一、冠词在完形(第一节)中的运用。
分析贵州(贵阳)近3年中考真题可知，在完形(第一节)中，冠词考查2次，其中不定冠词a/an考查2次(表泛指)。针对该考点，学生需要先判断冠词表示特指还是泛指，若表示泛指，还需根据冠词后的单词发音判断用a还是an。
1. 判断冠词表特指还是表泛指。
(1)若冠词后的人或事物在文中首次提到，或者表示数量“一个、一种”等，表泛指，用不定冠词a/an。
(2)若表示上文提及过的人或事物，表特指，用定冠词the；世界上独一无二的事物名词前，序数词和形容词或副词最高级前，用定冠词the。
2. 表示泛指时，判断用不定冠词a还是an。
若空格位于名词前(或名词前还有一个形容词)，要根据空格后紧跟的单词的发音的第一个音素来判断用不定冠词a还是an。若单词的发音以辅音音素开头，则用不定冠词a；若以元音音素开头，则用不定冠词an。
A. an　B. in　C. or　D. and　E. but　F. the
Most people have heard the story of the lost city of Atlantis，but is any part of the story true
The Greek writer Plato wrote about Atlantis, 1. ______ island in the Atlantic Ocean. The island's people were very rich. They built a big city with many great buildings. They had many things，2. ______ they still prepared to ask for more. So the gods became angry. Earthquakes and large waves took place in 3. ______ island. Finally, Atlantis sank(沉没) into the sea.
an
but
the
Many explorers have looked for Atlantis. Explorer Robert Sarmast reported finding the remains of a city under the sea near Cyprus 4. ______ 2004. However，Sarmast and other scientists later realized the structures were natural but not man made. Most people，however，think Atlantis is simply a story.
Is the island real 5. ______ not We only know one thing: The mystery(秘密) of Atlantis will be with us for a long time.
1. ____ 2. ____ 3. ____ 4. ____ 5. ____
in
or
A
E
F
B
C
二、冠词在语法填空中的运用。
分析贵州(贵阳)近3年中考真题可知，在语法填空中，不定冠词a考查1次，定冠词the考查1次。学生在解答这类题时，应根据上下文语境来确定答案。
I looked at the words on the page. It 1. ______(be) my first class in this new school. The unfamiliar classroom，with its 2. _______(stranger) desks and chairs，made me even more nervous. My teacher just asked me to read some 3. ______(text) out loud. The whole class was waiting for me 4. _______(silent). I could even hear my heart beating fast.
was
strange
texts
silently
“Just open your mouth and speak！” I told 5. _______ (me). I had to try. But the first time was always the hardest. The teacher was waiting，too. Some of my classmates were making fun of me and I wanted 6. _______ (hide) under my desk.
myself
to hide
I had a stuttering(结巴) problem. Thankfully, I 7. ____ (meet) a great teacher，Mrs. Brown. She helped me relax while I was speaking，and she was patient with me. Her encouragement helped me a lot. She always let me know that I was smart enough. She said, “Your brain
8. _______________(move) too fast now, and your mouth just can't keep up!” The words made me feel that I
9. ______________(encourage) and loved.
met
moves/is moving
was encouraged
When I entered high school，I almost stopped stuttering. I never imagined what I would do in the future. But I thought I would become a teacher just like Mrs. Brown, to pass on 10. __________(kind). And then I could help students who struggled like I did.
1.____2._______3._____4._______5.______6._______7.____
8.________________9.________________10.________
kindness
was
strange
texts
silently
myself
to hide
met
moves/is moving
was encouraged
kindness(共8张PPT)
直击中考
一、被动语态在完成句子中的运用。
分析贵州(贵阳)近年中考真题可知，在完成句子中，2022年考查了被动语态(was chosen)。完成句子的中文提示通常为主动语态，需注意设空处前的主语是否与所填的谓语动词构成被动关系，并结合句中的语境或时间标志词来确定被动语态的时态。
英语课堂上，你们小组正围绕“The School Technology Festival”进行讨论，请补全内容要点。
1. 上周，珍妮参加了校园科技节。
Last week，Jenny _____ _____ ___ the School Technology Festival.
2. 珍妮花了数周时间发明了一个智能风扇。
Jenny ______ weeks __________ a smart fan.
3. 这个智能风扇在科技节上展出了。
The smart fan _____ ______ at the festival.
took
part
in
spent
inventing
was
shown
4. 许多学生对这个创意发明感兴趣。
Many students _____ __________ ____ this creative invention.
5. 对学生们来说，这个智能风扇在炎热的夏天是多么有用啊！
_____ ______ the smart fan is for the students in the hot summer!
were
interested
in
How
useful
二、被动语态在语法填空中的运用。
分析贵州(贵阳)近3年中考真题可知，在语法填空中，被动语态考查2次，其中2025年考查一般现在时的被动语态，2024年考查一般过去时的被动语态。学生在做题时需注意以下两点：
(1)判断主语和谓语之间的关系是主动还是被动。
(2) 判断被动语态的时态和数的变化：联系上下文，确定被动语态的时态；助动词be的形式与其主语要在人称和数上保持一致。
Before I came to China，I didn't know food delivery(外卖) apps.They were so strange to 1. ____(I).
In 2022，I came to Beijing.I found I could order food on my phone without leaving my flat.About an hour later，the food 2. ________(send) to my home.I ate the food，and it 3. ______(be) delicious.After that，I used the apps to order food almost every night.Gradually，I became fatter than before.
me
was sent
was
When I didn't feel like 4. _______(cook) dinner，I ordered some dishes on the apps.When I 5. _______(want) to get medicine，I just turned on my phone.How convenient these apps were!
However，these apps can lead to a 6. _______(seriously) problem—an increase in packaging waste.After ordering delivery food for a few nights，I can see rubbish 7. _____(bin) filled with plastic bags and disposable utensils (一次性餐具). 8. _______________ you can choose not to use the utensils provided on the apps，it can't avoid packaging waste.
cooking
wanted
serious
bins
Although/Though
To solve 9. ______ problem，I think we should reduce the use of plastic bags. We should also 10. _________ (proper) sort(分类) these plastic bags.To protect the environment，we need to reduce the waste.
1.____ 2._________ 3.____ 4.________ 5._______ 6._______
7._____ 8._________________ 9.____ 10._________
the
properly
me
was sent
was
cooking
wanted
serious
bins
Although/Though
the
properly(共13张PPT)
专题七　连词
用连词填空。
I didn't believe him at first，____ then I looked out of the window and realized that it was true. (RJ8B U5)
温故知新：but 表转折关系，意为“但是”。
but
并列连词 词义 用法 例子
and 和；又 ；并且 / I like drawing and dancing.
我喜欢画画和跳舞。
both … and … 两者都…… 连接两个主语时， 谓语动词用原形或者are/were Both Tom and Jack are studying English now.
汤姆和杰克现在都在学习英语。
not only … but also … 不仅……，而且…… 连接两个主语时， 谓语动词的变化形式遵循“就近原则” Not only John but also Mary has been there. 不仅约翰去过那里， 玛丽也去过。
neither … nor … 既不……，也不…… Neither Jim nor Tony is in our team.
吉姆和托尼都不在我们队里。
并列连词 词义 例子
but 但是 I like to write to my pen friends，but it takes too much time. 我喜欢给我的笔友们写信， 但是这花费太多时间了。
while 然而 I like coffee while my sister likes tea.
我喜欢咖啡， 而我姐姐喜欢茶。
yet 然而 You promised，yet you have done nothing.
你答应了，然而你什么也没做。
otherwise 否则 We need to set off early，otherwise we may not get a seat.
我们要早点出发，否则我们可能没有座位。
1. but和although不能连用。例如：
It was raining hard，but he still kept working outside.
＝Although it was raining hard，he still kept working outside. 雨下得很大， 但他仍然继续在户外工作。
2. however作副词，不可连接句子。例如：
My room is small. However, it's comfortable.
我的房间是小的。然而，它是令人舒适的。
并列连词 词义 例子
or 或者 Would you like tea or coffee？
你要茶还是咖啡？
either … or … 要么……要么…… When the girl feels happy，she either sings or dances. 当这个女孩感到高兴时，她要么唱歌，要么跳舞。
not … but … 不是……而是…… Miss Cai is not a writer but a teacher. 蔡小姐不是一名作家，而是一位老师。
并列连词 词义 用法 例子
for 因为 前面一般有逗号， 引导的分句起补充说明或解释原因的作用 Alice went to bed early，for she didn't feel well.
爱丽丝很早就睡了， 因为她身体不舒服。
so 因此 so和because不能连用 I was very tired，so I stopped to have a rest.＝Because I was very tired，I stopped to have a rest.
因为我很累，所以我停下来休息了一会儿。
一、语法巩固。
1. Mario loves animals，____(but/and) his brother doesn't
like them.
( )2. Mr. Smith has helped me a lot，_________ I'm
thankful to him.
A. or
B. so
C. for
but
B
( )3. —I like riding fast. It's very exciting.
—Oh! You mustn't do it like that, _________ you may have an accident.
A. or
B. so
C. and
A
二、微语境练。请从方框内选择适当的词，并根据需要用其正确形式填空。
neither　or　nor　so　but
I want to go for a walk，1. ____ it is raining hard outside. 2. ____ I have to stay at home and watch TV with my mother. There are just some programmes about either cartoons 3. ____ action movies. 4. ______ my mother 5. ___ I like them，because they are boring.
but
So
or
Neither
nor(共11张PPT)
直击中考
一、阅读理解。
( )1. How long will the English Festival last for
A. Two months.
B. Three months.
C. Four months.
A
( )2. Who is organizing the English Festival
A. English teachers.
B. The Speech Club.
C. The Happy English Club.
C
( )3. Jenny is in Class 3，Grade 8，and she can take
part in ________.
A. Garden Party and Cosplay
B. Little Singer Competition and Cosplay
C. Little Singer Competition and Garden Party
C
( )4. What is the text above
A. A poster.
B. A letter.
C. A diary.
A
二、语法填空。
Zhao Yuefang is a postman in Changzhi，Shanxi Province. Do you know how far he 1. __________(walk) in the mountain areas of Daxiagu Town in Changzhi since he took up this job It is over 300,000 kilometers!
Zhao 2. _________(become) a postman at the Ewu Post Office in the town in 1996. Every day he delivered(递送) mail to eighteen villages and forty eight 3. ________(school) in total.
has walked
became
schools
Zhao delivered mail on foot at 4. ______(one). He always left home early and worked late into the night. Whatever the weather，he continued working. It was common to see 5. _____(he) covered in mud(泥) on rainy days or sand on sunny days. Once he got 6. ______(bad) hurt because of the thick snow，but that didn't stop him from sticking to his work.
first
him
badly
Born and raised in the mountains，Zhao understood the 7. _________(important) of the mail delivery for villagers. “They depend on the mail to keep in touch with the outside world，” he said. Because of that，he tried his best 8. ________(make) sure that the villagers could get their mail on time. Road conditions became better after highways 9. _________(build). Zhao began to deliver mail by motorbike and it became more 10. _________ (convenience) than before.
importance
to make
were built
convenient
“Maybe there will be better ways of delivering mail in the future，but I will continue doing this job as long as the villagers need me，” he said.
1. __________2. _______3. _______4. ____5. ____6. ______　
7. ___________8. _______9. __________10. __________
has walked
became　
schools
first
him
badly
importance
to make
were built
convenient(共5张PPT)
直击中考
代词在语法填空中的运用。
分析贵州(贵阳)近3年中考真题可知，在语法填空中，形容词性物主代词考查2次，人称代词作主语考查1次。
Earlier in 2023，several dazi related subjects were among the most searched for topics on social media. Doing activities with a dazi has become 1. ______(real) popular among young people. In some ways，it 2. ___(be) a new form of social connection.
According to a 2023 study by DT Finance，52.8 percent of young Chinese people have at least one dazi. Dazi also 3. ________(appear) in many different ways，from dining to studying，working and even going to the toilet!
really
is
appears
Ge Jinyuan，a high school student，enjoys 4. ________ (chat) during lunch and dinner with her meal dazi. “We always share our views on the food we eat and explore some other fine food，” said the 16 year old girl. “If 5. _____(I) meal dazi doesn't go to school someday，I'll be sad for the rest of the day.”
Besides shared interests，the subjects that 6. ___________ (discuss) are more focused and relaxing. Ge finds herself uneasy with close relationships. “Unlike 7. _________(tradition) friendships，having a dazi is a real relief for me. I can focus more on my studies，since I don't need to spend much 8. ________(energetic) on it，” Ge said.
chatting
my
are discussed
traditional
energy
What's more，having a dazi may bring some unexpected 9. _______(result). “Once，my game dazi and I made a mistake when playing a computer game，but we 10. ________(manage) to turn the tide(扭转局势) together. I'm surprised to find that I can communicate and cooperate with others better now！” Shi Zhimin，a high school student，said.1.______ 2.___ 3.________ 4._______5.___6. ____________ 7.___________ 8.________ 9.________ 10._________
results
managed
really
is
appears
chatting
my
are discussed
traditional
energy
results
managed(共24张PPT)
专题十　句子种类与简单句的基本类型
用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. _____(do/don't) arrive late for class. You must be on time.
(RJ7B U4)
温故知新：祈使句的do型用法，do放在谓语动词之前。
2. —I worked as a guide at the National History Museum.
—Really _____(what/how) interesting! (RJ7B U12)
温故知新：How引导的感叹句的结构为“How＋adj./adv. (＋主语＋谓语)！”。
3. —Where did Tina go on vacation
—She _____(go/goes/went) to the mountains. (RJ8A U1)
温故知新：“主＋谓＋宾”(S＋V＋O)是简单句的基本句型之一。
Don't
How
went
第1讲　句子种类
肯定句
I
He/She
We/You/They
＋
want
______
______
＋ to stay here.
否定句
I
He/She
We/You/They
＋
don't want
doesn't want
don't want
＋ to stay here.
do not＝don't
does not＝doesn't
wants
want
1. 以be动词开头。
Is
____
＋
he/she
you/they
＋　doing housework
回答
Yes，＋
I
he/she
we/they
＋
am.
___.
____.
No，＋
I
he/she
we/they
＋
am not.
_____.
______.
is not＝isn't
are not＝aren't
is
are
isn't
aren't
Are
2. 以情态动词开头。
Can＋
he/she
you/they
＋　do housework
回答
Yes，＋
he/she
I/we/they
＋ can.
No，＋
he/she
I/we/they
＋ _____．
can not＝can't
can't
回答
Yes，＋
he/she
I/we/they
＋
_____.
____.
No，＋
he/she
I/we/they
＋
________.
_____.
3. 以助动词do或does (如果是过去时，用did)开头。
Does
____
＋
he/she
you/they
＋　do housework
does
do
doesn't
don't
Do
How ＋
do
____
you/they
he/she
＋
＋ go to school
I/We/They
He/She
＋
go
_____
＋to school by bus.
What＋
is
____
your favorite subject？
their favorite subjects？
＋
My favorite subject
Their favorite subjects
＋
is
____
＋
history.
history and math.
are
are
does
goes
常见的特殊疑问词
_____ (如何)，________(年龄)
how many/much(数量)
_________(频率)，__________(价格)
how long(长度，时间)，how far(距离)
______(地点)，when/what time(时间)
____(原因)，which(哪一个))
who/whom(___)，whose(谁的))
what(什么)，__________(什么颜色)
how
how old
how often
how much
where
why
谁
what color
选择疑问句是指提出两个或两个以上可能的选项供对方选择的问句。回答选择疑问句时一般要在选项中选择其一，有的时候会有第三种选项。
Is
____
he/she
you/they
＋
＋ tall or short？
He/She
I
We/They
＋
is
____
____
＋
tall. / Tall. / He/She isn't tall or short.
He's/She's of medium height.
Are
am
are
Which season
do
_____
you/they
he/she
＋
like better， summer or winter？
＋
I/We/They
He/She
＋
like
_____
winter. / Winter. / Neither. Autumn is my favorite season.
does
likes
Do型
—Please don't make noise.
请不要制造噪音。
Be型
—Don't be afraid.
不要害怕。
肯定句：Be＋adj./n.＋ … —Be quiet. 保持安静。
否定句：______＋be＋adj./n.＋
肯定句：Do … —Have a seat，please. 请坐。
否定句：_____＋do＋ …
Don't
Don't
Let型
肯定句：Let＋sb.＋do …
—Let's go to the library.我们去图书馆吧。
否定句：Let＋sb.＋not do …
—Let's not hurry.
我们不要着急。
No型
— ___＋n. /动词 ing —No smoking. 禁止吸烟。
No
1. However, not everybody _______(enjoy) watching
these shows.
2. —______ it eat meat —No, it doesn't.
3. —_____ does Mary get to school
—She takes the subway.
4. At 6: 00 a. m., my mom says, “_____(get/getting) up
now and make your bed!”
enjoys
Does
How
Get
( )5. —_________ do you tidy your own room？
—Twice a week.
A. How often
B. How soon
C. How long
A
( )6. —_________ is it from our home to the museum,
Dad
—It's about two kilometers.
A. How far
B. How often
C. How soon
A
( )7. —Attention， please！_________ inside because of
the heavy rain.
—We will， Mr.Li.
A. To stay
B. Stay
C. Staying
B
1. 感叹词。
感叹词是用以表示喜、怒、哀、乐等情绪的词。它不构成句子中的语法成分，却在意义上与句子有关联。
感叹词 意义 例子
hi, hello, hey 打招呼；引起注意 Hello, is anybody here 你好，有人在吗？
Hi, Kevin，do you often travel by air
嗨，凯文，你经常乘飞机去旅行吗？
hmm, um, uh, eh 表示停顿或思考 Hmm, maybe we can buy this car.
嗯，也许我们可以买这辆车。
well 表示让步、期望、犹豫等 Well, I will clean up my room later.
好吧，我稍后会打扫我的房间。
感叹词 意义 例子
ah， oh，wow 表示喜悦、惊奇、惊喜、赞叹等 Ah, how beautiful！啊，多美啊！
Wow, that cake looks delicious！
哇，那个蛋糕看起来真好吃！
pardon 表示抱歉或用于请求别人重复做某事 Pardon, I didn't hear you. Can you repeat again
对不起，我没听清。你能再说一遍吗？
oh，dear 表示懊恼、后悔、指责等 Dear, dear！ I lost my keys.
天哪！我的钥匙丢了。
Oh！ Be quiet. The baby is sleeping.
噢！安静点。那个婴儿正在睡觉。
ouch 表示疼痛 Ouch！ I hurt my feet.
哎哟！我伤到我的脚了。
2. 感叹句的结构。
感叹句是用以表示强烈感情和态度的句子。
一、语法巩固。
1. Our teacher decided to start a girls' football team and I
thought, “______(what/how) a great idea！”
2. _____(what/how) fast China is developing！
3. _________(what an/how an) interesting storybook it is！
What
How
What an
二、微语境练。请从方框内选择适当的词，并根据需要用其正确形式填空。
One day，Tom went to visit Sarah and 1. ______ she was watching TV at that time. He asked，“2. ____ you finish your homework？” Sarah answered，“No， I don't. 3. ____ us go to the library to do our homework！” “4. _____ a good idea！” Tom answered. Then he asked，“5. _____ do we go to the library？” “Take a taxi，” she said. After that，they went to the library and did their homework together.
found
Do
Let
What
How
do　 how 　find 　 what　 let(共40张PPT)
专题九　构词法
用单词的适当形式填空。
1. She was worried because she _____________
(disappointed/disappointment) her parents.
(RJ9全 U11)
温故知新：动词disappoint的一般过去式是在词尾加 ed，加后缀 ment变为名词disappointment。
2. Ten minutes later，Peter heard his father knocking on
his _________(bedroom/bookstore) door. (RJ9全 U11)
温故知新：bedroom和bookstore都是由两个简单名词合成的新词。
disappointed
bedroom
由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词，这种构词法叫合成法。
类型 例子
复合名词 bedroom卧室，newspaper报纸，breakfast早餐，blackboard黑板，grandfather(外)祖父，playground操场，bathroom浴室，typewriter打字机，overcoat大衣，afternoon下午，handwriting书法，story telling讲故事，daybreak破晓，sunrise日出，outbreak爆发，downpour倾盆大雨
类型 例子
复合 形容词 worldwide全世界的， homesick想家的，
handmade手工制作的，kind hearted热心肠的，easy going随和的， good looking好看的，hard working勤勉的， well known著名的，newly built新建的
复合动词 overcome克服， underline画线，
oversleep睡过头，sleepwalk梦游
复合副词 upstairs在楼上， indoors在室内，
outdoors在室外，however无论如何
复合代词 anything任何事物， everybody每个人
在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成一个新词，这种构词法叫派生法。
1. 常考前缀。
(1)表示否定。
(2)表示程度或大小。
前缀 意义 例子
super 超级 supermarket 超市，
superpower 超级大国，
superman 超人
mini 小的；短的 minibus 小型公共汽车，
miniskirt 超短裙
(3)其他前缀。
前缀 意义 例子
a 处于……状态或过程中 asleep 睡着的，awake 醒着的，
alive 活着的，aside 在旁边
anti 反对 antiwar 反战争的
auto 自动的 automobile 汽车
en 使…… encourage 鼓励，enlarge 使变大，enrich 使富有
fore 在……之前 forehead 前额，foretell 预言
inter 之间的 international 国际的，Internet 互联网
前缀 意义 例子
kilo 千 kilometer 千米，kilogram 千克
mid 在中间 midnight 半夜，midair 半空中
pre 在……之前 preview 预演， prepay 预付
re 重新；再次 retell 复述，review 复习，rewrite 重写，rebuild 重建
tele 远程的 telephone 电话，telegram 电报
vice 副的 vice president 副总统，
vice chairman 副主席
2. 常考后缀。
(1)名词后缀。
后缀 意义 例子
er 从事某种职业的人 player 运动员，teacher 教师，
driver 司机，worker 工人
or actor演员，director 导演， inventor 发明家
ian 指人 Australian 澳大利亚人，Italian 意大利人，Indian 印度人
ist 指人 artist 艺术家，pianist 钢琴家，novelist 小说家，scientist 科学家，physicist 物理学家
后缀 意义 例子
ess 指女性 actress 女演员，hostess 女主人，
waitress 女服务员
ese 指民族、语言 Chinese 中国人，汉语；
Japanese 日本人，日语
ment ……的行为(或结果) movement 运动，agreement 同意，announcement 通告
ion 状态、行为、机构等 action 行动，invention 发明，
pollution 污染
ation invitation 邀请，operation 手术，foundation 基金会，organization 组织
后缀 意义 例子
ship 情况、状态等 friendship 友谊，leadership 领导，relationship 关系
hood 状态、性质等 childhood 童年，幼年；
neighborhood 附近，街区
ing 活动、状态 feeling 感觉，dancing 舞蹈，meeting 会议
ness 状态、特点等 happiness 幸福，darkness 黑暗，illness 疾病
ance 性质、状况等 performance 表演，appearance 出现
dom 领域、状况等 freedom 自由，wisdom 智慧，kingdom 王国
al 过程、状态等 arrival 到达，refusal 拒绝
ity 状态、品质等 curiosity 好奇心，creativity 创造力
(2)形容词后缀。
后缀 意义 例子
ful 充满……的 useful 有用的，careful 仔细的，
helpful 有帮助的
less 没有，无 careless 粗心的，meaningless 无意义的，harmless无害的
ly 具有……性质； 每隔……时间 lovely 可爱的， friendly 友好的，monthly 每月的，weekly 每周的
y 有……特性的 healthy 健康的，noisy 吵闹的，
rainy 多雨的， lucky 幸运的，
thirsty 渴的， sleepy 困倦的，
cloudy 多云的， windy 有风的
后缀 意义 例子
ish 稍有……的； 有……性质的 foolish 愚蠢的，childish 孩子气的
able 能……的； 具有……性质的 comfortable 舒适的，enjoyable 令人愉快的，changeable 易变的
ible horrible 可怕的，terrible 糟糕的
ed 状况、心情等 interested 感兴趣的，excited 感到兴奋的，surprised 感到惊讶的，
tired 疲倦的，pleased 高兴的
ing 描述事物 interesting 有趣的，
exciting 令人兴奋的，moving 动人的
后缀 意义 例子
al 与……有关的 natural 自然的，personal 个人的，
musical 音乐的
ic ……的 electric 电的，scientific 科学的，plastic 塑料的
ical medical 医学的，chemical 化学的，
historical 历史的
en 表示材料 wooden 木制的，golden 金制的，woolen 羊毛的
ern 表示方位 eastern 东方的，southern 南方的，
western 西方的，northern 北方的
ous 表示特点 famous 著名的，dangerous 危险的
ive 具有……性质的 active 积极的，expensive 昂贵的，
attractive 吸引人的
(3)副词后缀。
后缀 意义 例子
ly 以……方式 happily 高兴地，quickly 迅速地，freely 自由地， politely 有礼貌地
ward(s) 表示方向 northward(s)向北，
downward(s)向下，
forward(s)向前，
backward(s)向后
一个单词由一种词类转换为另一种词类，这种构词法叫转化法。
缩写和简写(亦称为截断法、缩短法)可采用截头、去尾、截头又去尾、混成法、拼缀法和首字母缩略法等方法。
国家、重要组织机构名称缩写(*2022年版课标新增部分)
*CPC(Communist Party of China) 中国共产党
*PLA(People's Liberation Army) 中国人民解放军
*PRC(People's Republic of China) 中华人民共和国
*UN(United Nations) 联合国
*UNESCO(United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization) 联合国教科文组织
*WHO(World Health Organization) 世界卫生组织
*WTO(World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织
WWW(World Wide Web)万维网
WWF(World Wide Fund for Nature/World Wildlife Fund)
世界自然基金会
BBC(British Broadcasting Corporation)英国广播公司
常考构词法
railway n. 铁路　 airline n. 航线　
wavelength n. 波长 eyesight n. 视力
schoolbag n. 书包 sunlight n. __________schoolwork n. 学校作业 housewife n. 家庭主妇 housework n. 家务 newspaper n. 报纸
strawberry n. 草莓 classroom n. 教室open air adj. 户外的 newcomer n. 新来者
guidebook n. 旅行指南 high speed adj. 高速的
supermarket n. _______ hands on adj. 亲身实践的storybook n. ________ basketball n. 篮球
grandparent n. (外)祖父(母) outside n. 外面，外部 notebook n. _________ banknote n. 钞票non stop adj. 不停的 adv. 不停地
日光，阳光
超市
故事书
笔记本
一、名词后缀。(一) ist， er和 or：1. biology n. 生物学→biologist n. 生物学家2. art n. 艺术→_____ n. 艺术家→artistic adj. 艺术的3. science n. 科学→________ n. 科学家4. law n. 法律；法规→_______ n. 律师5. research n. & v. 研究→__________ n. 研究员6. teach v. 教；讲授→_______ n. 教师7. win v. 赢；获胜 →winner n. 获胜者
→winning adj. 获胜的
8. swim v. 游泳→swimmer n. 游泳者
artist
scientist
lawyer
researcher
teacher
9. help v. 帮助→helper n. 帮手；助手
→helpful adj. 有帮助的10. keep v. 保持→keeper n. 看守人；保管人11. office n. 办公室→_______ n. 官员12. work v. & n. 工作→_______ n. 工人13. own v. 拥有 adj. 自己的→______ n. 主人14. report v. & n. 报道；公布→________ n. 记者15. drive v. 驾驶→______ n. 司机16. lead v. 领导；带路→______ n. 领导17. climb v. 攀爬→________ n. 登山者18. adventure n. 冒险→adventurer n. 冒险家19. visit v. 参观→______ n. 游客
officer
worker
owner
reporter
driver
leader
climber
visitor
(二) ion：1. cooperate v. 合作；协作→cooperation n. 合作；协作2. compete v. 比赛；竞争→____________ n. 比赛；竞争3. instruct v. 命令；指导
→instruction n. 指示；命令；说明书4. decide v. 决定→________ n. 决定5. produce v. 生产；制造→production n. 生产；产量
→product n. 产品；制品6. communicate v. 沟通；交流
→communication n. 沟通；交流；通信7. operate v. 操作；控制；运转
→_________ n. 操作；运转；手术
competition
decision
operation
8. direct v. 管理；指挥 & adj. 直接的
→________ n. 方向→director n. 主管；导演9. discuss v. 讨论；商量→discussion n. 讨论；商量10. celebrate v. 庆祝→celebration n. 庆典；庆祝活动11. invent v. 发明；创造→_________ n. 发明(物)12. decorate v. 装饰→decoration n. 装饰(品)13. educate v. 教育→_________ n. 教育14. organize v. 组织；筹备→organization n. 组织；机构15. protect v. 保护→protection n. 保护；防卫16. populate v. 居住于；生活于→__________ n. 人口
direction
invention
education
population
(三) ment：1. disappoint v. 使失望
→disappointment n. 失望；令人失望的人/物2. move v. 移动；搬家→__________ n. 运动3. require v. 要求；需要→requirement n. 要求；必需品4. improve v. 改进；改善→improvement n. 改进；改善5. argue v. 争论；争吵→argument n. 争吵；争论6. develop v. 发展→____________ n. 发展7. achieve v. 成功；实现→achievement n. 成就
movement
development
(四) ness：1. aware adj. 知道的；意识到的→awareness n. 意识；察觉2. kind adj. 亲切的；体贴的
→_________ n. 仁慈；友好的行为→______ adv. 友善地3. busy adj. 繁忙的→________ n. 生意(五) ence/ ance：1. important adj. 重要的→__________ n. 重要(性)2. intelligent adj. 有才智的；聪明的→intelligence n. 智力
kindness
kindly
business
importance
二、形容词后缀。(一) ing/ ed：1. bore v. 使厌烦；使烦扰→_______ adj.
令人厌倦的；烦人的→_______ adj. 厌倦的；烦闷的2. excite v. 使兴奋；使激动→________ adj. 令人兴奋的；
令人激动的→_______adj. 兴奋的；激动的
→excitedly adv. 兴奋地
3. relax v. 放松；休息→________ adj. 令人放松的
→_______ adj. 放松的；自在的
4. satisfaction n. 满意；满足→satisfy v. 使满意
→satisfying adj. 令人满意的→________ adj. 感到满意的
5. interest v. 使感兴趣 & n. 兴趣→__________ adj. 有趣的
→_________ adj. 感兴趣的
boring
bored
exciting
excited
relaxing
relaxed
satisfied
interesting
interested
6. surprise v. 使惊奇；使吃惊 & n. 惊奇；意外的事→
surprising adj. 令人惊讶的→_________ adj. 感到惊讶的
7. pleasure n. 愉悦；快乐→please v. 使高兴
→_______ adj. 高兴的；愉快的；满足的
8. farm v. 务农 & n. 农场→farming adj. 务农的9. sleep v. & n. 睡觉→asleep adj. 睡着的
→sleepy adj. 瞌睡的→sleeping adj. 睡着的
10. move v. 移动→_______ adj. 感动的11. tire v. (使)感到疲劳→tiring adj. 令人疲倦的
→______ adj. 疲惫的
12. worry v. 担心→________ adj. 担忧的
surprised
pleased
moved
tired
worried
(二) ful/ less：1. care n. 照料；照顾；关心→_______ adj. 小心的；仔细的
→________ adv. 小心地；谨慎地→careless adj. 粗心大意的→carelessly adv. 粗心大意地
2. succeed v. 成功；实现目标→success n. 成功；成就
→__________ adj. 成功的
3. beauty n. 美(丽)；美人→_________ adj. 漂亮的4. cheer v. 欢呼；喝彩 & n. 愉快；喝彩声
→_________ adj. 高兴的；愉快的
5. use v. & n. 使用→______ adj. 有用的；有益的
→useless adj. 无用的
6. home n. 家→_________ adj. 无家可归的7. color n. 颜色→_______ adj. 五彩缤纷的
careful
carefully
successful
beautiful
cheerful
useful
homeless
colorful
(三) al：1. society n. 社会→______ adj. 社会的2. medicine n. 药→medical adj. 医学的3. education n. 教育→___________ adj. 有教育意义的4. nature n. 自然界；大自然→natural adj. 自然的；天然的5. tradition n. 传统→__________ adj. 传统的6. nation n. 国家；民族→national adj. 国家的
→international adj. 国际的
7. music n. 音乐→_______ adj. 音乐的→musician n. 音乐家 8. environment n. 环境
→environmental adj. 自然环境的；有关环境的
9. culture n. 文化→cultural adj. 文化的
social
educational
traditional
musical
(四) y：1. health n. 健康→_______ adj. 健康的2. wealth n. 财富；财产→_______ adj. 富有的；富裕的3. sun n. 太阳→______ adj. 晴朗的(五) able：1. value v. 重视；珍惜 & n. 价值；有用性
→________ adj. 有价值的；贵重的2. avail v. 有益于& n. 效用；利益
→________ adj. 有空的；可获得的(六) ic：history n. 历史→historic adj.有历史意义的
→historical adj. 历史的
healthy
wealthy
sunny
valuable
available
三、副词后缀。 ly：1. crazy adj. 疯狂的；不理智的→crazily adv. 疯狂地2. blind adj. 瞎的；失明的→blindly adv. 盲目地3. smooth adj. 顺利的；平坦的→_________ adv. 顺利地4. sad adj.难过的→_____ adv. 难过地5. sudden adj. 突然的→_________ adv. 突然；忽然6. quick adj. 快的；迅速的→_______ adv. 快地；迅速地7. peace n. 和平→peaceful adj. 和平的；安宁的
→peacefully adv. 和平地8. exact adj. 准确的→_______ adv. 确切地
9. luck n. 运气→______ adj. 幸运的→_______ adv. 幸运地
smoothly
sadly
suddenly
quickly
exactly
lucky
luckily
plete v. 完成 & adj. 完整的→completely adv. 完整地11. rapid adj. 迅速的→rapidly adv. 迅速地12. slow adj. 慢的→______ adv. 缓慢地13. silence n. 沉默；无声→silent adj. 沉默的
→_______ adv. 沉默地14. safety n. 安全→safe adj. 安全的→_______ adv. 安全地15. serious adj. 严肃的；稳重的
→seriously adv. 严重地；严肃地；认真地16. clear adj. 晴朗的；清楚的 & v. 清除
→________ adv. 清楚地；清晰地17. simple adj. 简单的→_______ adv. 简单地
slowly
silently
safely
clearly
simply
18. light adj. 轻的 & n. 电灯；光线
→lightly adv. 轻微地；轻轻地19. probable adj. 可能的→probably adv. 可能；或许20. deep adj. 深的→_______ adv. 深深地21. bad adj. 坏的→______ adv. 严重地；差；非常22. recent adj. 最近的→recently adv. 最近23. final adj. 最后的→_______ adv. 最后24. real adj. 真实的→really adv. 真正地25. usual adj. 通常的→usually adv. 通常26. sure adj. 确信的→surely adv. 肯定地27. easy adj. 简单的→______ adv. 容易地28. wise adj. 明智的→wisely adv. 明智地
deeply
badly
finally
easily
四、前缀(否定意义)。(一)un ：1. happiness n. 快乐；幸福→happy adj. 开心的；幸福的；快乐的
→happily adv. 快乐地；幸福地→________ adj. 不快乐的；不幸福的→__________ adv. 不快乐地
2. comfort v. 安慰 & n. 舒服→comfortable adj. 舒服的
→______________ adj. 不舒服的3. eat v. 吃→eaten adj. 吃过的→uneaten adj. 未吃的4. usual adj. 通常的→________ adj. 不同寻常的→usually adv. 通常5. believe v. 相信→believable adj. 可信的
→unbelievable adj. 难以置信的6. necessary adj. 必要的→____________ adj. 不必要的
unhappy
unhappily
uncomfortable
unusual
unnecessary
(二)dis ：1. appear v. 出现→_________ v. 消失2. cover v. 覆盖；遮盖→discover v. 发现；找到
→discovery n. 发现(三)il ：legal adj. 法律的；合法的→illegal adj. 非法的；违法的五、特殊形式。1. friend n. 朋友→________ adj. 友好的2. choice n. 选择→_______ v. 选择3. danger n. 危险→__________ adj. 危险的4. poet n. 诗人→poetry n. 诗集，诗歌
disappear
friendly
choose
dangerous
一、语法巩固。
( )1. There was a storm yesterday. _______，most of the
flowers in my garden are still alive.
A. Clearly
B. Luckily
C. Suddenly
B
( )2. Day by day , I learned to _________ people, and
they included me in their circle of friends.
A. truly
B. truth
C. trust
C
二、微语境练。请从方框内选择适当的词，并根据需要用其正确形式填空。
worry　nothing　bad　examine　reason　
A long time ago，in a rich country，there was an unhappy king. He slept 1. ______ and didn't feel like eating. His face was always as pale as chalk. He often cried for no
2. ______. This made the queen and his people 3. ________. One day，a doctor was called in to 4. _______ the king. But the doctor found 5. _______ wrong with his body. It was all in his mind. Neither medicine nor rest could help him.
badly
reason
worried
examine
nothing(共44张PPT)
专题四　代词
用代词的适当形式填空。
1. Before we decide，could _____(you/your) first tell ____
(I/me) where the restrooms are (RJ9全 U3)
温故知新：人称代词作主语，在动词前用主格(I/we/you/he/she/they)；人称代词作宾语，动词后用宾格(me/us/you/him/her/them)。
you
me
2. —What's _____(this/these)
—It is a watch. (RJ7A U3)
温故知新：this/these指时间或空间上较近的人或物，this指单数事物，these指复数事物。
3. Did you do _______________(anything special/special
anything) last month？(RJ8A U1)
温故知新：形容词修饰复合不定代词时，形容词放在不定代词后面。
this
anything special
人称代词是表示“我(们)”“你(们)”“他/她/它(们)”的词。人称代词既可以指人，也可以指物。其有人称(第一、二、三人称)、数(单、复数)、格(主格、宾格)的变化。
成分 用法 例子
主语 动词前用主格 ___ is taller than him. 她比他高。
I like English. 我喜欢英语。
宾语 动词或介词后用宾格 Please give ____ an apple.
请给她一个苹果。
表语 系动词后用宾格 It's me. 是我。
特殊 人称代词在than后， 用主格或宾格都可以 My sister is two years older than I/me. 我姐姐比我大两岁。
She
her
(1)人称代词的排序。单数并列时，按照“二、三、一” (you→he/she→I)的顺序排列。
例如：You，she and I should work together for it.你、她和我都应该为此一起努力。
复数并列时，按照“一、二、三”(we→you→they)的顺序排列。
例如：We，you and they are all tired of them.
我们，你们和她们都厌倦了它们。
(2)人称代词与人名同时出现时，人名在前、人称代词在后。例如： Lily and I are good friends. 莉莉和我是好朋友。
物主代词用来表示所有关系，包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，也有人称和数的变化。
类别 用法 例子
形容词性物主代词 相当于形容词， 后面接名词 Would you please show me _____ pen
能给我看一下你的笔吗？
There are five people in ____ family.
我家里有五口人。
名词性物主代词 相当于名词， 后面不接名词 Her book is over there. _____ are on the desk. (Ours＝Our books)
她的书在那里。我们的书在课桌上。
your
my
Ours
形容词性物主代词常见固定搭配。
do/try one's best 尽某人最大的努力 save one's life 挽救某人的生命
keep one's word 信守诺言 to one's surprise 使某人惊讶的是
make up one's mind 下定决心 take one's time 慢慢来，不着急
on one's own 独自 do (one's) homework 做(某人的)作业
in one's opinion 在某人看来 take one's temperature 量某人的体温
反身代词是表示“我(们)自己”“你(们)自己”“他/她/它(们)自己”的代词。其与被指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称和数上保持一致，可在句中作宾语、表语或同位语。
成分 用法 例子
宾语 表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指向同一个人 We enjoyed ourselves in the park. 我们在公园玩得很愉快。
表语 放在连系动词后面，表示身体或精神状态 The girl in the story is actually herself. 故事里的那个女孩其实就是她自己。
成分 用法 例子
同位语 表示“亲自”或“本人” You should ask the teacher himself. 你应该问老师他本人。
常考固定词组 enjoy oneself(玩得开心)，help oneself to(随便吃)， say to oneself(自言自语)，come to oneself(苏醒)， by oneself(独自地)，dress oneself(自己穿衣)， leave sb. by oneself(将某人单独留下)， look after oneself(照顾自己)， learn by oneself/teach oneself(自学)， keep to oneself (保守秘密)
一、语法巩固。
1. When the babies see the keepers，_____(them/they) run
over to them with excitement.
2. Some of the young pandas even walk into _____(their/
theirs) friends and fall over!
they
their
( )3. —My best friend is more popular than me. I want
to be like him.
—It's not necessary to be the same. You should just be __________.
A. himself
B. yourself
C. myself
B
( )4. Your school library looks as modern as ________.
Can you show us around
A.us
B. our
C. ours
C
二、微语境练。请从方框内选择适当的词，并根据需要用其正确形式填空。
I　we　ourselves　she
Lily is my sister. 1. ____ is taller than me. 2. ____ often play badminton together. 3. ____ skill is very good. We can enjoy 4. __________ all the time.
She
We
My
ourselves
指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词，this/these、 that/those分别表示“这个/些”“那个/些”，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
类别 用法 例子
this(单数) these(复数) that(单数) those(复数) 指在空间和时间上较近的事物 指在空间和时间上较远的事物 This is a map of China and that is a map of the world.这是一张中国地图， 那是一张世界地图。
I like these books better than those.比起那些书， 我更喜欢这些书。
this/that 在电话用语中， 称呼自己用this，称呼对方用that —Hello! Who is that？
—Hello! This is Bob speaking.
——你好， 请问是哪位？
——你好， 我是鲍勃。
类别 用法 例子
that/those 常用在比较句型中(as … as用于同级比较，… than用于不同级别比较)，that用来代替上文提到的可数名词单数或不可数名词，those用来代替上文提到的可数名词复数 The weather in Beijing is much colder than that in Guangzhou in winter.冬天，北京的天气比广州的天气冷得多。
用法 例子
基本用法 指代上文提及的内容 He bought a present for me and I liked it very much.他给我买了一份礼物， 我非常喜欢它。
表示天气、季节、星期、时间等 It often rains heavily in my hometown in summer.在夏天，我的家乡经常下很大的雨。
特殊用法 用作形式主语， 用于 “It's＋adj.＋to do sth.” 句型中 It's difficult to solve this problem.解决这个问题很困难。
用法 例子
特殊用法 用作形式宾语， 用于 “sb. find it＋adj.＋to do sth.” 句型中 I find it useful to learn English well.
我发现学好英语很有用。
用于“It's time to do sth./for sth.” 句型中 It's time to go home.是时候回家了。
It's time for class.该上课了。
it与one的区别 I can't find my pen. I don't know where I put it.我找不到我的钢笔了。 我不知道我把它放哪儿了。(同类同一物)
I can't find my pen. I think I must buy one.我找不到我的钢笔了。我想我必须再买一支。(同类不同物)
一、语法巩固。
( )1. —Hello, Linda speaking. Who's _______
—Hello, this is Martin.
A. he
B. that
C. this
B
( )2. —Look，Betty has a new mobile phone. How nice it is!
—Yes. Her mother bought _________ for her progress.
A. it
B. one
C. that
A
二、微语境练。请从方框内选择适当的词，并根据需要用其正确形式填空。
this　it　these　one
The Little Prince is my favorite book. 1. ___ is interesting. Look at 2. ______ pages，each of them is full of good ideas. This story explains 3. ____ of the ideas perfectly. 4. _____ book helps me understand how to live a more meaningful life.
It
these
one
This
用来表示疑问或构成特殊疑问句的代词叫作疑问代词。疑问代词有主格、宾格和属格之分，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
与疑问副词how相关的常用短语。
(1)用how often提问时，答语一般用once a week等表频率的词。
例如：—How often do you watch TV？—Twice a week.
——你多久看一次电视？——一周两次。
(2)用how soon提问时，答语一般用“in＋一段时间”，且用于将来时。
例如：—How soon will you arrive in Beijing？
—In 20 minutes.
——你多久会到达北京？——20分钟后。
(3)用how long提问时，答语一般用“for＋一段时间”或“since＋时间点/时间段＋ago”。
例如：—How long have you been in China？　
—For two years./Since two years ago.
——你在中国待了多久？——两年。/自从两年前。
(4)用how far询问路程，答语一般用“数词＋kilometers”或“数词＋minutes' walk”等。
例如：—How far is it from your home to school？
—It's about 10 minutes' walk.
——从你家到学校有多远？——大约步行10分钟。
(5)用how old询问年龄，答语一般用“数词＋year(s) old”等。
例如：—How old is your brother？　—He is 17 years old.
——你哥哥多大了？——他17岁。
(6)用how many询问数量(可数名词)，答语一般用具体数字。
例如：—How many hours are there in a day？　—24.
——一天有多少小时？——24小时。
(7)用how much询问价格或数量(不可数名词)，答语一般用具体数字或金钱单位。
例如：—How much will you spend on books in a month？
—Nearly 300 yuan.
——你一个月会在(买)书上花多少钱？——差不多300元。
一、语法巩固。
1. —_____( who/what) will you go with
—I think I'll go with Karen and Anna.
2. —_______(who/which) monitor would you like to be for
your class
—PE monitor.
Who
Which
( )3. —_______ will Liu Yang stay in the space station
this time
—For six months.
A. How long
B. How often
C. How much
A
( )4. —I love this T-shirt._______ does it cost
—50 yuan. Why not try it on
A. How far
B. How many
C. How much
C
二、微语境练。请从方框内选择适当的词，并根据需要用其正确形式填空。
which　who　how　what　
There are many basketball teams. 1. ______ team do you want to join I would like to join Coach Li's team. He knows 2. _____ you are good at and 3. _____ you can improve the skills. He will be nice to you，no matter 4. ______ you are.
Which
what
how
who
不明确指代某个(些)人或事物的代词叫作不定代词，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语。
类别 用法 例子
some some用于肯定句， 修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词； 用于疑问句中， 表示说话人的建议、请求等且希望得到对方的肯定答复 I have some questions to ask.
我想问一些问题。
—Would you like some tea
—Yes，I'd love to.
—你想喝茶吗？—是的， 我想喝。
any any用于否定句和一般疑问句 —Do you have any books —No，I don't have any books. —你有一些书吗？—不， 我没有任何书。
形容词修饰以下不定代词时，形容词要放在不定代词的后面：somebody、someone、something、anybody、anyone、anything、everybody、everyone、everything、nobody、nothing等。例如：something important重要的东西(事情)、nothing interesting无趣的东西(事情)、somewhere warm暖和的地方。
一、语法巩固
l. However, no spaceship has traveled far enough to reach
______(other/others) stars in the Galaxy.
2. ______( few/a few) dogs bark all night. This stops people
from getting any sleep.
other
A few
( )3. —Chinese tennis player Zheng Qinwen has done
________ she can in tennis and has put all that she has into the matches.
—Yes, and she has become the Olympic tennis champion(冠军) recently.
A. everything
B. nothing
C. something
A
( )4. There are two apples on the table. One is red and
________ is green.
A. the other
B. another
C. the others
A
二、微语境练。请从方框内选择适当的词，并根据需要用其正确形式填空。
many　few　all　anyone
Amy wants to find Jack who is my friend in primary school. I haven't heard of him for a long time. 1. ______ of our classmates can't find him because 2. ____ people know where he lives. I suggest that she call 3. ____ his family members to see if 4. ________ knows his address.
Many
few
all
anyone(共8张PPT)
直击中考
一、非谓语动词在完成句子中的运用。
分析贵州(贵阳)近年中考真题可知，在完成句子中，2022年考查了动词不定式(to do)作主语，2023年考查了动名词(doing)作主语，2025年考查了动词不定式(to do)作目的状语。
英语课堂上，你们小组正围绕“Recycle Old Books”进行讨论，请补全内容要点。
1. 班级图书角里有很多旧书。
______ ____ many old books in the class reading corner.
2. 好好利用这些旧书是重要的。
____ __________ to make good use of these old books.
3. 我们思考着如何让这些旧书带来更多的乐趣。
We ____ _________ ______ how to let these old books bring more joy.
There
are
It's
important
are
thinking
about
4. 我们计划组织一场图书义卖，让旧书获得新生命。
We plan ____ __________ a book sale to give old books a new life.
5. 很多学生可以来挑选他们喜欢的旧书。
_____ ___ students can come to choose their favorite old books.
to
organize
Lots
of
二、非谓语动词在语法填空中的运用。
分析贵州(贵阳)近3年中考真题可知，在语法填空中，非谓语动词主要考查动词不定式。针对该考点，学生可通过固定搭配法与句子成分分析法来确定答案。
When talking about live streaming(网络直播)，you might think of singers or movie stars. Zeng Qinghuan is a village girl who 1. ______(come) from Loudi，Hunan Province. She has turned her whole village into a live streaming room，where traditional lifestyles of her village are shown to the audience.
comes
Zeng used 2. _______(study) and work in big cities. She returned to her village to care 3. _____ her grandmother. Later，she built a career(事业) 4. ____________(successful) in her village. “I'm a daughter of the great mountains. I should play a part in making them better，” Zeng said. So she 5. ________(start) live streaming.
Zeng is famous on an online video app. She now has more than 3 million followers 6. ______ almost 40 million likes. During the past few years，she 7. _______(put) about 370 short videos online. Also，through live streaming，she helps local villagers sell agricultural products(农产品). Luckily，the products 8. ____________(welcome) by customers.
to study
for
successfully
started
and
has put
are welcomed
Zeng hopes her experience can encourage more young people to return to their hometowns and make a 9. __________(different). “I hope each village will have one product and one live streaming host of 10. _____(it) own，” Zeng said. So she plans to help find more live streaming hosts in Loudi in the near future.
1._______ 2.________ 3._____ 4.____________ 5._______
6._____ 7._______ 8._____________ 9.__________ 10.____
difference
its
comes
to study
for
successfully
started
and
has put
are welcomed
difference
its(共42张PPT)
专题三　形容词和副词
用形容词和副词的适当形式填空。
1. That bird's song is so _________(beauty/beautiful) that
we should follow it. (RJ8B U6)
温故知新：形容词作表语，放在系动词之后。
2. The earthquake happened all of a sudden，but ________
(luck/lucky/luckily) the villagers were brought to a safe place. (RJ9全 U6)
温故知新：副词作状语，修饰整个句子。
3. It might seem _____________(difficult/more difficult/the
most difficult) to speak politely than directly. (RJ9全 U3)
温故知新：than前面加形容词比较级，意为“比……更……”。
beautiful
luckily
more difficult
形容词是描述人或事物的特征、性质、属性或状态的词，主要用来修饰名词或不定代词，在句子中常充当定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语等。
功能 位置 例子
作表语 放在系动词之后 She is so friendly.她很友好。
(1)be动词＋形容词 am/is/are beautiful
(2)连系动词＋形容词 turn yellow，get warm，go bad
(3)感官动词＋形容词 feel soft，taste delicious
功能 位置 例子
作定语 放在名词之前或不定代词之后 The clever boy is my brother.
那个聪明的男孩是我的弟弟。
Let's have something delicious.
让我们吃些美味的东西吧。
something wrong，nothing special
作宾语补足语 放在宾语之后 We should keep the room tidy.
我们应该保持房间整洁。
作状语 位于句首、句中、句末 He arrived home very late but safe.
他虽然很晚到家，但是安全到达。
Hungry and tired，I had to stop to have a rest.又饿又累，我不得不停下来休息一下。
“连系动词＋动词的过去分词”可构成系表结构，如get/be married(结婚)，get dressed(穿衣)，be/get lost(迷路)，look worried(看上去很担心)。
形容词形式 单词 用法 例子
ing tiring，boring，exciting，interesting 指事物对人的影响， 常修饰事物， 主语一般是物 He felt _______ after watching the _______ match.
看了这场激动人心的比赛后，他感到兴奋。
ed tired，bored，excited，interested 指人对事物的感受， 主语一般是人
excited
exciting
1. It is/was＋形容词 (＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth.。
(1)It is/was＋形容词 (＋for sb.)＋to do sth.，意为“(对某人来说)做某事是……的”。
*形容词是描写事物特性的词， 如easy、difficult、important等。例如：
It is necessary to tell him about it.
把这件事告诉他是有必要的。
It is easy for him to answer the question.
对他来说，回答这个问题是容易的。
(2)It is/was＋形容词 (＋of sb.)＋to do sth.，意为“(某人)做某事是……的”。
*形容词是描述人物性格特征的词， 如nice、kind、clever、brave等。例如：
It is very brave of Yang Liwei to fly into space.
杨利伟飞上太空是很勇敢的。
It is very nice of you to lead the way for us.
你能给我们带路真是太好了。
2. find/think/feel/make it＋形容词＋to do sth.。
I found it hard to climb up to the top of the mountain.
我发现爬上山顶是艰难的。
The machine makes it possible for people to stay in the deep sea for a long time.
这台机器使人们有可能长时间地待在深海里。
3. too＋形容词 (＋for sb.)＋to do sth./ 形容词＋enough (＋
for sb.)＋to do sth./ so＋形容词＋that从句 / such (＋形容词)＋名词＋that从句等。
(1)too＋形容词 (＋for sb.)＋to do sth.，意为“太……而不能做某事”。例如：
She is too weak to walk farther.
她太虚弱， 不能再走更远了。
The shirt is too expensive for him to buy.
这件衬衫对他来说太贵了， 他买不起。
(2)形容词＋enough (＋for sb.)＋to do sth.，意为“足够……去做某事”。例如：
He is old enough to go to school.他够年龄去上学。
The money is not enough for me to buy this car.
这些钱不够我买这辆车。
(3)so＋形容词＋that 从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。例如：
The song is so popular that everyone can sing it.
这首歌如此流行， 以至于人人都会唱。
He was so lazy that he was fired very soon.
他太懒惰了， 以至于很快就被解雇了。
以上三个句型都是使用形容词原级。三种句型的转换示例：
He is too young to go to school.→He is not old enough to go to school.→He is so young that he can't go to school.他太小了，还不能去上学。
(4)such (＋形容词)＋名词＋that从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。例如：
It was such a fine day that we went out for a walk.
那是一个如此晴朗的日子，(所以)我们出去散步了。
It is _____ a heavy stone _____ I can't lift it up. ＝ The stone is ____ heavy _____ I can't lift it up.
这块石头太重，以至于我不能抬起它。
such
that
so
that
分析贵州(贵阳)近3年中考真题可知，在完形第二节中主要考查形容词词义辨析，考查的形容词类型涉及状态类、情感情绪类、人物性格类等。
常考形容词归纳
一、语法巩固。
1. Aron Ralston is an American man who is __________
(interesting/interested) in mountain climbing.
( )2. Bill always has different kinds of ideas. I think he is
_________ enough to be a famous writer.
A. create
B. creative
C. creativity
interested
B
( )3. —It’s very _________ of you to help me.
—It's my pleasure. I'm glad you've made such great progress.
A. kindly
B. kindness
C. kind
C
二、微语境练。请从方框内选择适当的词，并根据需要用其
正确形式填空。
proud　wonderful　boring　old　thankful
Once upon a time， a young boy named Mike lived in a small village. He found his days quite 1. _______ until he joined a volunteer club. In the club，he met a(n) 2. _____ lady and she needed someone to help her read books. He read aloud to let her hear clearly. She was 3. ________ to Mike for his kindness. Mike was 4. _____ of himself because he helped the lady. He realized that helping others could turn boring days into 5. __________ ones and his heart was filled with joy.
boring
old
thankful
proud
wonderful
副词是指在句中描写人的行为或状态特征以及事物的状态特征的词，用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或句子，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。
副词与动词一起构成短语动词，可以放在动词和名词宾语之间或之后；宾语若是代词，则副词只能放在宾语之后。比如：The box is heavy. He moves away the box. ＝ He moves the box away. ＝ He moves it away. (代词放中间)
分析贵州(贵阳)近3年中考真题可知，在完形第二节中主要考查以ly结尾的副词的词义辨析，考查2次；在语法填空中主要考查副词的构词法，考查3次。下表所列为初中常见的副词。
常见时间副词固定搭配。
很多形容词末尾加ly就变成副词， 形容词通常意为“……的”， 副词通常意为“……地”。
常考的以ly结尾的副词归纳
C
crazily疯狂地
carelessly粗心地
completely彻底地，完全地
clearly清楚地
E
excitedly兴奋地
F
finally最后
foolishly愚蠢地
H
honestly诚实地
L
lazily懒散地
luckily幸运地
lightly轻轻地
N
nervously焦虑地
P
peacefully 平静地
probably 大概
proudly 自豪地
Q
quickly 迅速地
S
sadly悲伤地
safely安全地
silently悄悄地；无声地
suddenly突然
surprisedly惊讶地
simply的确；仅仅
seriously严肃地；认真地
smoothly 顺利地；平稳地
有些副词有两种形式：一种形式与形容词相同，意义也相近；另一种形式是在形容词后加 ly，但意义与前者有区别。
一、语法巩固。
1. Because the new year is a time for cleaning and washing
_____(up/away ) bad things. Then you'll have good luck in the new year.
( )2. Why does John act so _______ Look, he's speaking
faster. His face becomes redder and you can almost see fire in his eyes.
A. happily
B. angrily
C. sadly
away
B
( )3. —Jessica, it's raining _________ outside.
—Oh, you should be ________ when you drive to work.
A. hard; careful
B. hardly; careful
C. hard; carefully
A
二、微语境练。请从方框内选择适当的词，并根据需要用其正确形式填空。
final　fast　excited　surprisedly　luckily
One day，I 1. _________ went on a picnic with my parents. When we had lunch，I 2. __________ found that the sky got dark. 3. _________，it started raining. We ran 4. _____ and wanted to find a place to stay. But 5. ________ the sun came out and we thought that it was an interesting experience.
excitedly
surprisedly
Unluckily
fast
finally
1. 形容词的比较级和最高级的规则变化。
规则 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词比较级加 er，最高级加 est warm warmer warmest
以e结尾的单音节词比较级加 r，最高级加 st late later latest
重读闭音节且词尾只有一个辅音字母， 双写该辅音字母， 比较级加 er，最高级加 est big bigger biggest
hot ______ ______
hotter
hottest
规则 原级 比较级 最高级
以辅音字母加y结尾，改y为i，比较级加 er，最高级加 est busy busier busiest
heavy _______ ________
大部分双音节和多音节词(三个或以上)，比较级是在前面加more/less，最高级是在前面加most/least tired more tired most tired
famous more famous _____________
interesting less interesting _____________
heavier
heaviest
most famous
least interesting
2. 形容词的比较级和最高级的不规则变化。
写出下列形容词或副词的比较级及最高级。
1. fast ______ _______
2. mad ________ ________
3. lazy ______ ______
4. young ________ ________
5. early ______ _______
6. good ______ _____
7. bad ______ ______
8. useful ___________ ____________
9. fat ______ ______
faster
fastest
madder
maddest
lazier
laziest
younger
youngest
earlier
earliest
better
best
worse
worst
more useful
most useful
fatter
fattest
10. little _____ ______
11. famous ____________ ____________
12. many ______ _____
13. busy ______ _______
14. clever ___________________ ___________________
15. old ___________ ____________
16. few ______ ______
17. far ______________ _______________
18. large ______ _______
19. beautiful ______________ _____________
20. difficult _____________ ____________
21. cold ______ _______
less
least
more famous
most famous
more
most
busier
busiest
cleverer/more clever
cleverest/most clever
older/elder
oldest/eldest
fewer
fewest
farther/further
farthest/furthest
larger
largest
more beautiful
most beautiful
more difficult
most difficult
colder
coldest
形容
词和
副词
原级、比较级句 型
→
1. 和……一样
……(同级比较)
肯定：as … as …
否定：not so/as … as …
2. 比……更……：比较级＋than …
★much，a lot，a little ，even ，far 可修饰比较级，加强程度
3. 越来越……：比较级＋and＋比较级
越来越好 ________________
4. 越……越……：the＋比较级，the＋比较级
越多越好 ____________________
better and better
the more， the better
5. 在……中最……的：the＋最高级＋of/in/among
世界上最古老的 _____________________
6. 第几……：the＋序数词＋最高级＋名词单数
第二长河 _____________________
7. 最……的……之一：one of＋the＋形容词的最高级＋名词复数
最高的男孩之一 _____________________
形容
词和
副词
最高级句 型
→
the oldest in the world
the second longest river
one of the tallest boys
1. This tree is three times as tall as that one.这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。
2. My room is bigger than yours.我的房间比你的大。
Our classroom is much cleaner than theirs.
我们的教室比他们的干净得多。
3. She is becoming more and more popular.她变得越来越受欢迎了。
4. The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you will
make.你越认真，犯的错误就越少。
5. Miller jumps the highest among the three students.
在三个学生中，米勒跳得最高。
6. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
黄河是中国第二长的河流。
7. Beijing is one of the biggest cities in China.
北京是中国最大的城市之一。
一、语法巩固。
1. Garth is one of __________________(more successful/the
most successful) musicians in American history.
( )2. Of all the subjects，Sam likes physics ________.
A. well　
B. better　
C. best
the most successful
C
( )3. The new bridge is three times as ________ as the old
one.
A. long　
B. longer　
C. longest
A
二、微语境练。请从方框内选择适当的词，并根据需要用其正确形式填空。
excellent 　easy　hard　confident　 best
Emily is my friend. She often learns English after school and she studies 1. _______ than me. She thinks English is 2. ______ than any other subject. Of all the subjects，she likes English 3. _____. She can speak 4. _________ English. And she can communicate with others 5. ___________. For Emily，learning English is fun.
harder
easier
best
excellent
confidently(共33张PPT)
第2讲　谓语动词的时态
用动词的适当形式填空。
1. Everyone ___(be) born with the ability to learn.
(RJ9全 U1)
温故知新：句子时态为一般现在时，当主语是第三人称单数时，be动词用is。
2. I'm ________(make) some plans to work in an old
people's home this summer. (RJ8B U2)
温故知新：现在进行时的结构为“主语＋ be(am/is/are)＋动词的现在分词”。
is
making
1. 一般现在时的基本用法。
用法 例子
表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态 I often go to school by bike.
我经常骑自行车去上学。
表示客观真理或普遍真理 The earth goes around the sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
在条件句中，if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时(主将从现) If it rains tomorrow，we won't go to the park.
如果明天下雨，我们将不去公园。
are
isn't
go
2. 句式结构。
(1)主语＋be动词＋其他。例如：
I ＋ am/am not ＋happy.
You/We/They ＋ ____/aren't ＋happy.
He/She/It/Amy ＋ is/_____ ＋happy.
(2)主语＋实义动词＋其他。例如：
I/You/We/They ＋often＋ go ＋to school at 7 a. m. by bus.
He/She/Tom ＋ goes/doesn't ____ ＋to school at 7 a. m. by bus every day.
常见的标志词：________(总是)，_______(通常)，often(经常)， sometimes(有时)， seldom(很少)，once a week(一周一次)，on Sunday(在星期天)，every day(每天)，____________(每个月)
always
usually
every month
1. 一般过去时的基本用法。
用法 例子
表示过去的某个时间内发生的动作或存在的状态 I got up at six this morning.
今天早上我6点就起床了。
表示过去的习惯或过去经常发生的动作 When I was in the countryside，I often swam in the river.当我在乡下时，我常常在河里游泳。
since引导的从句，主句若用现在完成时，从句要用一般过去时 He has worked in the factory since it opened in 1990. 自从1990年这家工厂开办以来，他就在这里工作。
You haven't changed much since we met.自我们相识以来，你都没有太大的变化。
2. 句式结构。
(1)主语＋be动词的过去式＋其他。例如：
I/He/She/It/Amy ＋ was/_______ ＋at home yesterday.
You/We/They ＋ ______/weren't ＋at home yesterday.
(2)主语＋实义动词的过去式＋其他。例如：
I/You/We/They ＋ visited ＋ the City Museum yesterday morning.
He/She/Tom ＋ didn't _____ ＋the City Museum yesterday morning.
wasn't
were
visit
常见的标志词：_________(昨天)，the day before yesterday(前天)，last week(上周)，_________(去年)，two days ago(两天前)，in 2022(在2022年)，this morning(今天早上)，just now(刚刚)
yesterday
last year
1. 一般将来时的基本用法。
用法 例子
表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态 We will fly to London tomorrow.
我们明天将乘坐飞机去伦敦。
当主语是I或we时，问句中一般使用shall，表示征求对方的意见 Where shall we meet tomorrow
明天我们在哪里见面？
用法 例子
be going to＋动词原形，表示计划、打算做某事，常指已经决定的、很可能发生的事或有某种迹象表明要发生的事 —What are you going to do next Sunday
—I am going to visit Beijing.
——你下周日打算做什么？
——我打算游览北京。
be doing表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情，常用的动词有go，come，leave，arrive，start，begin等 She is going there tomorrow.
她明天要去那里。
We are leaving for New York.
我们将动身前往纽约。
be about to＋动词原形，表示即将发生的动作 The new school year is about to begin.新学年即将开始。
常见的标志词：__________(明天)，the day after tomorrow(后天)，_________(明年)， ____________(将来)，in a week(一周内)，later(稍后)
tomorrow
next year
in the future
2. 句式结构。
(1)主语＋will/shall＋动词原形＋其他。例如：
I/You/He/She/We/They ＋ will plant/______ plant ＋trees in the park next week.
I/We ＋ shall plant/shall ____ plant ＋trees in the park next week.
won't
not
(2)主语＋be going to/about to＋动词原形＋其他。例如：
I
You/We/They
He/She/Tom
＋
____ (be) about to plant
are about to plant
_____(be not) about to plant
trees in the park next week.
＋
am
isn't
1. 现在进行时的基本用法。
用法 例子
表示此时此刻正在进行的动作 —What are you doing？
—I'm reading English.
——你正在做什么？
——我正在读英语。
表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态 They are studying hard this term.
他们在这个学期一直很努力学习。
用法 例子
come、go、leave、arrive、start等动词用现在进行时表示将来 The bus is coming soon.
公交车不久就会来了。
在while(当……的时候)引导的状语从句中，动词通常要用进行时 While I am sitting on the grass，my sister is playing with her friend.当我正坐在草地上时，我的妹妹正在与她的朋友玩耍。
2. 句式结构。
主语＋be＋动词的现在分词＋其他。例如：
I
You/We/They
He/She/Tom
＋
am __________
____(be) watching
isn't watching
＋TV now.
常见的标志词：(时间类)_____(现在)，right now(立刻)，at the moment(此刻)，at present(目前)，__________(近来)；(情景类)Look！(看！)，Listen！(听！)，Be careful！(小心！)，Be quiet！(安静！)
watching
are
now
these days
1. 过去进行时的基本用法。
用法 例子
表示在过去的某个时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态 —What were you doing this time yesterday —I was watching TV.
——昨天这个时候你在做什么？
——我在看电视。
表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个过去的动作正在进行；也可以用来表示过去一段时间内持续发生的动作 When I was watering in the garden，it suddenly began to rain. 当我在花园里浇水时，突然开始下雨了。
While we were having a party，the lights suddenly went out. 当我们正举行聚会时，灯突然灭了。
用法 例子
表示两个过去的动作同时进行，这时可用连词while连接 I was doing homework while my mother was cooking.
我在做作业时，我妈妈在煮饭。
“was/were going＋动词不定式” 表示过去打算做某事 He was going to be our team leader. 他打算当我们的队长。
2. 句式结构。
主语＋was/were＋动词的现在分词＋其他。例如：
I/He/She/Tom
You/We/They
＋
was __________
weren't watching
＋TV at this time
yesterday.
常见的标志词：at this time yesterday(昨天这个时候)， ____________(在那时)，at 8：00 last Monday morning (上周一早上8点)，when/while引导的过去时间状语从句
watching
at that time
1. 现在完成时的基本用法。
用法 例子
表示过去发生或完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have already watched the TV play.
我已经看过这部电视剧了。
—Have you found your lost pen yet？
—No，I haven't found it yet.
——你找到丢失的笔了吗？
——不，我还没有找到它。
2. 句式结构。
主语＋have/has＋动词的过去分词＋其他。例如：
I/You/We/They
He/She/Tom
＋
____/haven't taken
has/hasn't ______
＋dancing lessons since last month.
常见的标志词：_______(肯定句)(已经)，yet(否定句/疑问句)(还)，just(刚刚)，ever(曾经)，______(到目前为止)，含有“since＋过去的时间点/过去时”的句子， for＋时间段
have
already
taken
so far
3. 现在完成时中for和since的用法。
现在完成时表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还要持续下去，常与for或since连用，此时需要用延续性动词。常见的短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换如下：
(1)We have lived here since 2024.
从2024年开始，我们一直住在这里。(说明一直住在这里，也许还会住下去)
(2)I have learned English for three years.
我学英语已经三年了。
(1)for后接时间段，since后接表示过去的时间点，“时间段＋ago”或时间状语从句。对时间状语提问时，用how long。
I've known Li Lei for five years.＝I've known Li Lei since five years ago.我认识李磊已经五年了。
(2)have gone to、 have been to与have been in的区别：
一、基础练。根据提示，用单词的正确形式填空。
1. They _____(take) pride in everything good that I do.
2. Mooncakes ____(be) in the shape of a full moon on the
Mid Autumn night.
3. I wanted to buy a toy car for my cousin，but even
though most of the toys _____(be) American brands，they _____(be) made in China.
4. Last year he _____(go) to visit his aunt and uncle in San
Francisco.
5. Fewer people _______(do) such jobs in the future
because they are boring，but robots will never get bored.
take
are
were
were
went
will do
6. When we make resolutions at the beginning of the year，
we hope that we __________________(improve) our lives.
7. Yes，I am _______(have) a great time on my student
exchange program in France.
8. At 11：30 a. m. the day before yesterday，I __________
lunch in our Forever Green House while our fridge _____________(order) food.
9. _____ you ever ________(think) about how these things
can actually be put to good use
10. I _____ already ____(cut) down trees and built a house.
are going to improve
having
was having
was ordering
Have
thought
have
cut
二、巩固练。根据提示，用单词的正确形式填空。
1. The weather in Beijing ___(be) different from that in
Guangdong.
2. Mike ___________(not like) to clean his room and he
always _____(ask) his mother for help.
3. The weather _______(be not) good the day before
yesterday，so we didn't go on a picnic.
4. We ________(enjoy) ourselves at the party last night.
5. Sam and Tom _________(not go) to school tomorrow.
is
doesn't like
asks
wasn't
enjoyed
won't go
6. —____ you going to _____(play) basketball tomorrow
afternoon —No，I am not.
7. The students _______________(not draw) pictures at
present.
8. Mike and I _______________(not play) football at that
time yesterday afternoon.
9. Mary ______________(not finish) reading the book so far.
10. I _________(be) an English teacher for about 20 years.
Are
play
aren't drawing
weren't playing
hasn't finished
have been
三、微语境练。
(一)根据提示，用单词的正确形式填空。
Last year，I 1. ____(eat) lots of junk food. Slowly，I 2. ________(become) fatter and fatter. Then I realized that it 3. ____(be) a bad habit. Now I 4. ____(eat) healthy food and 5. ____(do) exercise every morning.
ate
became
was
eat
do
(二)根据提示，请从方框内选择适当的词，并根据需要用其正确形式填空。
miss　watch　eat
Today is the Spring Festival. Now，Li Hua 1. ___________ TV with his host family in America. At this time last year，he 2. __________ dumplings with his family in China. He 3. _______ his family very much and he wants to go back to China as soon as possible.
is watching
was eating
misses
(三))根据提示，请从方框内选择适当的词，并根据需要用其正确形式填空。
become　learn　be　
I love painting，and I 1. __________________ to draw pictures since I 2. _____ only five years old. I believe that I 3. ____________ an excellent artist in the future.
have learnt/learned
was
will become(共10张PPT)
直击中考
一、实义动词在完形(第二节)中的运用。
分析贵州(贵阳)近3年中考真题可知，在完形(第二节)中，主要考查实义动词词义的辨析，且主要是根据文章语境推断出正确答案。
“Don't forget to study for the Chinese history test on Friday，” Mrs.Green said to the class. Julie closed her book and sighed(叹息). Julie was a perfect monitor and could organize all kinds of activities. But she was 1. ______ in history.
The following day，she went to the library and tried remembering all the facts and dates. But it was useless. Just then Julie 2. _____________ and she found Maria from her class was seated at a nearby table.
( )1. A. rich B. active C. weak
( )2. A. came out B. looked around C. sat down
C
B
weak
looked around
Julie 3. ________ Maria was sitting with some cards and some colored pencils. Each card showed a colorful picture. Julie was curious(好奇的)，“I thought you were studying history.” “You're right. I think I need to be 4. ________ because it's difficult to remember so many things. I like art，and the 5. ________ help me recall facts，” Maria said.
( )3. A. helped B. noticed C. refused
( )4. A. creative B. patient C. humorous
( )5. A. dates B. pictures C. problems
B
A
B
noticed
creative
pictures
“I see，” said Julie. After 6. _______ for a while，she had an idea. She had rich 7. ___________ in organizing big events，starting from making small plans step by step. How did she connect all of them at last Mind maps!
( )6. A. working B. dreaming C. thinking
( )7. A. information B. knowledge C. experience
C
C
thinking
experience
“Hey，Maria，” said Julie.“How about this: I 8. ______ these history events into different types and use a mind map to connect each type together. And you draw the pictures for these types as their explanation.” “That's cool! Let's start right now！” Maria agreed 9. _________.
At that time，studying didn't seem so 10. ________. And what you need to do is to find out what you are good at and make full use of it.
( )8. A. divide B. throw C. break
( )9. A. nervously B. luckily C. excitedly
( )10. A. different B. difficult C. important
A
C
B
divide
excitedly
difficult
二、实义动词在语法填空中的运用。
分析贵州(贵阳)近3年中考真题可知，在语法填空中，实义动词考查9次，其中动词不定式考查3次，动词的一般过去时考查2次，动词的一般现在时考查1次，动词的现在完成时考查1次，动词的被动语态考查2次。针对该题型，学生应首先确定设空处需填的词为动词，再结合句子的时态以及设空处前是否有不定式、情态动词等，确定所填动词的形式。
You finish all your schoolwork and sit back in your chair. Suddenly you feel a headache and realize your eyes are 1. _______(pain). What's going on Doctors say that many students are spending too much time in front of screens，especially during online classes. The following 2. ___________(suggest) might help you protect your eyes.
*Studies 3. ______(clear) show that people blink(眨眼睛) less often when looking at a screen. Your eyes should 4. _______(keep) wet by blinking often or using eye drops.
painful
suggestions
clearly
be kept
*Sit up straight about an 5. ______(arm) length(长度) away from the screen. Make sure you're looking a bit down at your screen. Stand up and exercise often 6. ________ (avoid) neck and shoulder pain.
*What about blue light blocking glasses(防蓝光眼镜) They 7. ______(be) useful for blocking blue light，but research shows that blue light isn't the biggest cause of eye tiredness. So ask doctors about blue light blocking glasses before putting 8. ______(they) on.
arm's
to avoid
are
them
*The 20 20 20 rule.This rule9. ______(give) your eyes a break from long screen time. It suggests looking at something at least 20 feet away for 20 seconds after 20 minutes of work on the screen.If you follow this rule，you 10. _________(work) better.
Do you know how to protect your eyes now I hope all of you have bright eyes.
1. _______ 2. __________ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______
6. ________ 7. ____ 8. _______ 9. ______ 10. _________
gives
will work
painful
suggestions
clearly
be kept
arm's
to avoid
are
them
gives
will work(共20张PPT)
第2讲　简单句的基本类型
1. 我早上7点30分起床。(get up)
________________________________________________
2. 托尼总是在早上8点25分到达学校。(arrive)
________________________________________________
3. 他的父亲正在做饭。(cook)
________________________________________________
4. 她每天跳舞。(dance)
________________________________________________
5. 太阳在东方升起。(rise)
________________________________________________
I get up at 7：30/half past seven in the morning.
Tony always arrives at school at 8：25 a. m.
His father is cooking.
She dances every day.
The sun rises in the east.
1. 2020年世界人口数量约为78亿。(be)
________________________________________________
2. 在家里，我总是感到孤独。(feel)
________________________________________________
3. 在春天，树变绿。(turn)　
________________________________________________
4. 这个月饼尝起来很美味。(taste)　
________________________________________________
5. 你的手表看起来不错。(look)　
________________________________________________
The world's population was about 7.8 billion in 2020.
At home，I always feel lonely.
In spring，trees turn green.
The mooncake tastes delicious.
Your watch looks nice.
1. 它描述了五十年来中国社会的变化。(describe)
________________________________________________ ________________________________________________
2.我可以在超市买些食物。(buy)
________________________________________________
3. 他不喜欢这部电影。(like) _________________________
4. 我经常帮助他。(help)_____________________________
5. 她学习英语。(study) ______________________________
It describes the changes in Chinese society over fifty
years.
I can buy some food in the supermarket.
He doesn't like the film/movie.
I often help him.
She studies English.
1. 后羿射落九个太阳后，一位女神给了他一种魔法药。(give)
________________________________________________ ________________________________________________
2. 老人们给我讲了一些故事。(tell)
________________________________________________
3. 请给我两个苹果。(give)____________________________
4. 我的妈妈教我英语。(teach)
________________________________________________
5. 请帮我带本书来。(bring)__________________________
After Hou Yi shot down the nine suns，a goddess gave him a magic medicine.
The old people told me some stories.
Please give me two apples.
My mother teaches me English.
Please bring me a book.
1. 然而，他的父母不允许他训练那么多。(allow)
________________________________________________
2. 我们可以用计算机做很多事情。(use)
________________________________________________
3. 他邀请我去图书馆。(invite)
________________________________________________
4. 他每天让我们大笑。(make)
________________________________________________
5. 我发现了一只猫正在桌子下面睡觉。(find)
________________________________________________
However，his parents won't allow him to train so much.
We can use computers to do lots of things.
He invites/invited me to go to the library.
He makes us laugh every day.
I found a cat sleeping under the table.
2. 用法。
There ＋ is ＋ a desk and five chairs.
　　　　　　　　遵循“就近原则”。be动词的形式与邻
近的主语的数和人称保持一致。
There ＋ are ＋ five chairs and a desk.
一、语法巩固。
1. 没有足够的人做这些工作。(用enough翻译句子)
________________________________________________
2. 现在我们教室墙上有很多照片。(用many翻译句子)
________________________________________________________________________________________________
There are not/aren't enough people to do these work.
There are many pictures on the wall of our classroom
now.
( )3. There ________ a bike under the tree just now.
A. be
B. is
C. was
C
( )4. There ________ some apples and an orange in the
basket. They are Mary's.
A. is
B. are
C. has
B
( )5. Look! There ________ some information about
traffic safety in this book.
A. is
B. are
C. was
A
二、微语境练。请从方框内选择适当的词，并根据需要用其正确形式填空。
like　bring　be　advise　make
I cook meals every day. I feel very happy when I
1. _____ delicious food. My grandma 2. ______ me some vegetables. My parents 3. ______ me to eat more fruits. I
4. _____ to eat fruits after dinner. There 5. ____ some pears and strawberries in the fridge. These are my favourite fruits.
make
brings
advise
like
are(共8张PPT)
直击中考
一、介词在完形(第一节)中的运用。
分析贵州(贵阳)近3年中考真题可知，在完形(第一节)中，介词考查3次，其中2次考查表示时间的介词，1次考查表示地点和位置的介词。学生在解答这类题时，应根据句子结构和上下文来确定答案。
A. and　B. but　C. by　D. a　E. Although　F. Since　　
Chinese opera has become one of the important ways to spread Chinese culture.
When Voltaire，1. ____ famous writer, adapted(改编) the Yuan Dynasty Zaju, Chinese opera began to become known in the West. In 1893, a Chinese theater was built during the World's Fair in Chicago. It already had opera performances. Mei Lanfang visited the United States in 1930 2. ______ it showed that the opera truly became a way of communication.
a
and
3. ______ the People's Republic of China was founded，the overseas spread of opera has entered a new stage. Chinese opera was more popular than before. In the 1950s, Shanghai Yue Opera Troupe performed in Eastern Europe, which was praised 4. ______ many foreigners. Since the 1980s, many local operas in China have sent performance groups to other countries. 5. ___________ Chinese opera has a long history, it keeps developing with the times. In 2021, Shanghai Yue Opera Theater used online live broadcast(在线直播) to show the Yue Opera The Story of the Stone.
Now, Chinese opera is an important way to make the world know about China.
1. ____ 2. ____ 3. ____ 4. ____ 5. ____
Since
by
Although
D
A
F
C
E
二、介词在语法填空中的运用。
分析贵州(贵阳)近3年中考真题可知，在语法填空中，介词考查2次，主要是根据句子结构和上下文来确定答案。
There was a homeless cat named Cathy. She wasn't afraid of being homeless and tried to make 1. _______(she) strong. She was brave and was able 2. ______(run) fast. She always walked around her neighborhood. Many mice
3. ___________(catch) by her. Thanks to her hard work，she never lacked(缺乏) food. When the weather 4. ______(be) warm，she would lie in the sun，enjoying a relaxing life.
herself
to run
were caught
was
One day，a girl noticed Cathy. She liked animals. She often 5. _________(bring) food to Cathy. There was plenty of food，so Cathy didn't have to go out to catch mice by herself. Every day she did nothing but wait for her 6. ____ (taste) food.
However，the girl 7. _________(sudden) moved house. Cathy had no more food to eat. At the same time，she put on lots of 8. _______(weigh) and was too fat to catch mice. The neighbors complained(抱怨) that there were some mice in the neighborhood，but Cathy didn't know what she could do. Her terrible life began.
brought
tasty
suddenly
weight
Cathy lost her living ability because of the 9. _____(girl) kindness. From the story，we know that we must keep awake. If we don't work hard，we 10. ________(lose) our living ability in the easy life. Or we'll end up with a sad life.
1. _______ 2. ______ 3. ___________ 4. ____ 5. ________
6. ______ 7. ________ 8. _______ 9. ______ 10. ________
girl's
will lose
herself
to run 　
were caught　　
was　
brought
tasty
suddenly
weight
girl's
will lose(共4张PPT)
直击中考
感叹句在完成句子中的运用。
分析贵州(贵阳)近3年中考真题可知，在完成句子中，感叹句考查1次，考查What引导的感叹句。针对该考查点的解题，学生需要判断感叹句的引导词是用What还是How。
完成句子。
英语课堂上，你们小组正围绕“Useful Learning Methods”进行讨论，请补全内容要点。
1. 有很多有用的学习方法。
______ ____ many useful learning methods.
2. 认真听老师讲课，并做笔记。
______ ___ the teacher carefully and take notes.
3. 每天花半小时读英语是有用的。
____ _______ to read English for half an hour every day.
There
are
Listen
to
It's
useful
4. 遇到难题时，你可以向你的同学求助。
When you meet difficult problems, you can _____ ____ your classmates for help.
5. 通过努力学习取得进步是一件多么棒的事啊！
______ ___ great thing it is to make progress through hard work！
turn
to
What
a(共20张PPT)
专题八　冠词
用正确的冠词填空。
1. Then one day I watched ___(a/an/the) English movie
called Toy Story. (RJ9全 U1)
温故知新：不定冠词an用于元音音素前，表泛指，表示数量“一个”；English以元音音素开头，且movie为单数形式，故用an。
2. Some people might say they are going to take up a hobby
like painting or taking photos，or learn to play ___ (a/an/the) guitar. (RJ8A U6)
温故知新：定冠词the表特指，用于西洋乐器前。
an
the
3. I wanted to buy ___(a/an/the) toy car for my cousin，but
even though most of the toys were American brands，they were made in China. (RJ9全 U5)
温故知新：不定冠词a用于辅音音素前，表泛指，表示数量“一个”；toy 以辅音音素开头，且car为单数形式，故用a。
a
分析贵州(贵阳)近3年中考真题可知，不定冠词a考查2次，不定冠词an考查1次，为每年的重要考点。不定冠词a/an一般有any或one的意思，不强调数目概念，只用来泛指事物，说明其名称或种类。
用法 例子
a 用于辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前 a woman， a university，
a European country，
a one week trip
an 用于元音音素开头的单数可数名词前 an egg，an umbrella，
an American，an idea
(1)此处的辅音音素和元音音素指单词发音的第一个音素。26个字母中发音为元音音素开头的有12个：a，e，f，h，i，l，m，n，o，r，s，x。
(2)常见的以元音字母开头的单词用a或an的情况：
①A/a：an ancient story，an artist，an aunt，an Asian country，an American girl；
②E/e：a European country，an exciting job，an egg，an 8 year old boy，an 11 year old boy；
③I/i：an idea，an interesting story；
④O/o：an orange，an old man，an Olympic star；
⑤U/u：a useful book，a university student，a usual farmer，
an umbrella，an ugly man，an uncle，an unusual story，
an unhappy day；
⑥特别记忆(不规则)：an honest boy，an hour。
用法 例子
常见用法 (1)用于首次提到的人或事物的名词前 I have a new book. 我有一本新书。
(2)泛指一类人或物 An elephant is the largest land animal in the world. 大象是世界上最大的陆地动物。
(3)表示数量 “一个”，相当于one I have a mouth and a nose.
我有一张嘴和一个鼻子。
(4)用于某些不可数名词前，表示 “一次、一阵、一份、一种” 等(抽象名词具体化) There will be a heavy rain tomorrow.
明天将有一场大雨。
a big surprise 一个大惊喜　　
a pleasure 一件乐事
a great success 一次巨大的成功
a pity 一个遗憾
用法 例子
常见用法 (5)用在序数词前，表示 “又一、再一” She has two apples，but she wants to have a third one. 她有两个苹果，但她还想再要一个。
(6)用于固定搭配或习惯用法 as a result， a couple of，in a hurry，in a minute，go for a walk，have a cold，have a rest，have a good time，once upon a time，half an hour，a few，a little，a lot of，a bit
特殊用法 (1)用于 “quite/ rather/such＋a/an＋单数名词”中 This room is rather/quite a big one.
这个房间相当大。
I have never seen such a person.
我从来没见过这样的人。
(2)用于 “What＋a/an＋形容词＋名词＋(主语＋谓语)！” 的感叹句中 What a pretty girl (she is)!
(她是)一个多么美丽的女孩啊！
What an interesting book (it is)!
(这是)一本多么有趣的书啊！
分析贵州(贵阳)近3年中考真题可知，定冠词the也是重要考点，考查1次。
用法 例子
特指的人、事物或上文提过的人或事物 There is a boy over there and the boy is crying.
那里有一个男孩，他正在哭。
用于世上独一无二的事物名词或专有名词(国家、组织、机构等)前 the moon，the Great Wall，
the UK，the US
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
用法 例子
用于单数可数名词前，表示某一类人或事物 The horse is a useful animal.
马是一种有用的动物。
用于姓氏复数前，表示 “某人一家”，谓语动词用复数 The Greens work in the same company.
格林一家人在同一家公司上班。
用于形容词前，表示某一类人，谓语动词用复数 the rich(富人)，the poor(穷人)，
the sick(病人)
The young are kind to the old.
年轻人对老人很友善。
用于西洋乐器前 I can play the violin and my sister can play the guitar.
我会拉小提琴，我的姐姐会弹吉他。
用法 例子
用于序数词和形容词最高级前、比较级的特殊句型、表示年代的数词中 We live on the fifth floor. 我们住在五楼。
He is the tallest student in his class.
他是班上最高的学生。
The more，the better. 多多益善。
in the 1990s　在20世纪90年代
用于江河湖海、山川群岛、方位等名词之前 the Yellow River，the Pacific(太平洋)，
in the south of China
Xinjiang is in the west of China. 新疆在中国的西部。
用于身体部位的名词前 He patted(拍) me on the shoulder.
他拍了拍我的肩膀。
用于固定搭配或习惯用法 at the beginning of，at the end of，at the same time，at the age of，at the bottom of，go to the cinema，look the same，by the way，the day before yesterday
用法 例子
专有名词(人名、地名等)前 Jack，Peking University，China
年、月、星期前 in 2006，in March，on Sunday
季节、节假日前 in spring，on Teachers' Day /Mid Autumn Festival/Spring Festival/Dragon Boat Festival
球类、棋类和学科前 play basketball/volleyball，play chess，learn chemistry
用法 例子
三餐前一般不用冠词 △三餐前如有形容词修饰，则用不定冠词 have breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner，have … for breakfast
△have a big/quick breakfast
名词前有限定词时 常用限定词(this，that，these，those，some，any)
形容词性物主代词(my，your，his，her，their，our，its)
例如：this tree，my pen，some water
与by连用，表示交通工具的名词前不用冠词 by train/bus/car/ship，by air，by sea
固定搭配或习惯用法 at home，at work，at lunch，at least，at once，in fact，in trouble，in danger，in time，on time
常见的冠词固定搭配归纳如下：
a kind of 一种 a little 一点，少量
a lot of 许多，大量 a number of 大量
a pair of 一双 a piece of 一块，一片，一张，一件
as a result 结果，因此 at the same time 同时
go for a walk 去散步 have a cold 感冒
have a good time 玩得开心 in a hurry 匆匆忙忙
in a word 总而言之 in the end 最后，终于
in the future 在未来 once upon a time 以前
put on a performance 表演节目 take the place of 代替，取代
once a week 一周一次 live a … life 过着……的生活
have a rest/ take a break 休息 at the age of 在……岁时
take a train 坐火车 play a role in 在……中扮演角色
have a try 试一试 in a way 在某种程度上
for a while 一会儿 the number of ……的数量
half an hour 半小时 have a picnic 去野餐
on the other hand 另一方面 in the east of 在……的东边
on the way to 在去……的路上 take a shower 淋浴
一、语法巩固。
1. Aron Ralston is __(a/an) American man who is interested
in mountain climbing.
( )2. I can speak ________ English and I can also play
________ soccer.
A. a; a B. the; /
C. an; / D. /; /
an
D
( )3. —What do you think of the guide book Lonely
Planet
—Oh，it is really ________ useful one. You can always find ________ information you need while traveling.
A. a; a B. an; an
C. a; the D. an; the
C
二、微语境练。请从方框内选择适当的词，并根据需要用其正确形式填空。
the 　a 　/ 　a　 an
Tom is a student. The weather report says it's going to rain. He has 1. ___ bicycle，but he doesn't want to ride it to school. His mother gives him 2. ___ idea. He can go there by 3. ___ bus. 4. ____ bus is fast and he doesn't have to worry about the rain. He thinks she is 5. ___ smart person. He is very thankful to his mother.
a
an
/
The
a(共9张PPT)
直击中考
一、连词在完形(第一节)中的运用。
分析贵州(贵阳)近3年中考真题可知，在完形(第一节)中，并列连词考查2次，从属连词考查3次。学生在解答这类试题时，应当结合前后分句间的逻辑关系分析语境，再根据各选项的含义与用法确定答案。
A. but　 B. because　C. the D. among　E. and　F. in　　
Have you ever heard of night schools Night school classes were offered to people who were looking for jobs or further study in the 1980s. But now，they have become popular 1. ________ young people looking for new skills，hobbies and friends.
among
Yuan Li is a schoolteacher during the day，2. ______ in the evening，she becomes a student at a night school. She is trying new hobbies with her 5 year old son. “I used to spend evenings watching my son playing in the park. Now，we can experience new things together at 3. ______ night school，” says the mother.
Wang Hehe，a girl aged 27，takes night school classes 4. _________ she wants to make new friends. “I've spent most of my time alone. Here，I feel connected. It is enjoyable to talk to people with similar hobbies，” she says.
but
the
because　
Wang Zhongwu says education in China used to focus on children and old people. The desire(渴望) of young people to improve themselves 5. ______ make their cultural lives wonderful has lit up night school fever.
1. ___ 2. ___ 3. ___ 4. ___ 5. ___
and
D
A
C
B
E
二、连词在语法填空中的运用。
分析贵州(贵阳)近3年中考真题可知，在语法填空中，并列连词考查2次，并且都考查and。学生在解答这类试题时，应先分析句子成分，判断两个句子、语法作用相同的词或词组之间是否缺少一个连词；再根据上下文语境和句义，推断出使用哪个连词。
Do you know Hot Dry Noodles It is a 1. __________ (tradition) food in Wuhan. It 2. _________ (know) as Re Gan Mian，too. People in Wuhan usually eat it for breakfast. Hot Dry Noodles has a history of over eighty years. People can hear about many 3. ______(story) behind this famous food. One of them is about a man named Li Bao.
traditional
is known
stories
Li sold noodles with soup in Hankou. On a hot day，Li's noodles didn't sell well and there 4. ______(be) a lot of noodles left. Li was afraid the noodles would go bad，so he boiled the noodles in water，took them out and dried them in the sun. However，he made a 5. _______(decide). He wanted to try something new. He 6. ___________(accidental) splashed(泼洒) some sesame oil(麻油) over the noodles. Then he 7. _______(mix) the noodles with sesame oil and cooled them.
were
decision
accidentally
mixed
The next day，he got up early 8. _______(cook) those noodles. And he gave out the noodles to people. People liked what Li cooked and asked Li about 9. ____(it) name. Li answered，“Hot Dry Noodles.” Soon it became popular because it was delicious.
Now，Hot Dry Noodles has become one of the most popular noodles in China. And thousands of people enjoy 10. _______(eat) it. If you take a trip to Wuhan，remember to try this delicious food.
1.___________2._________3._______4.______5.________
6.____________7._______8.________9.____10._______
to cook
its
eating
traditional
is known
stories
were
decision
accidentally
mixed
to cook
its
eating(共5张PPT)
直击中考
主谓一致在语法填空中的运用。
分析贵州(贵阳)近3年中考真题可知，在语法填空中，涉及对主谓一致的考查。在语法填空的篇章中，会将主谓一致和非谓语动词结合起来考查。学生在解题时，应先分析主语的形式，再选择谓语动词的形式。
Do you know World Letter Writing Day It falls on September 1st every year. It 1. ______(set) up by Richard Simpkin in 2014. He 2. __________(encourage) people to take a break from social media (媒体) and write a letter to someone by hand.
Who should you write to Think about a friend or a relative who is close(亲密的) to you but lives far away. Your parents or some of your best 3. _______(friend) would also love to receive your letter.
was set
encouraged
friends
How do you write a letter 4. ____________(General) speaking，a letter includes these parts. The date and a
5. _________(greet)， such as “Dear …”， should be at the top of the letter. A closing such as “Love” or “Yours truly” needs 6. ________(follow) the body. Then sign your name.
Do you know why you should pick up a pen and write a letter It is a surprise that may make someone's day. It's a good way to show people that you have been thinking of them. Everyone 7. ______(love) a personal touch. It makes the person's memories more 8. _________(enjoy). Some people save letters and look at 9. ______(they) over the years.
Generally
greeting
to follow
loves
enjoyable
them
A recent study shows that letter writing makes the writer happy, too. “Handwriting 10. _____(be) your DNA. It's your fingerprint(印记) that only you can share with others,” said Richard Simpkin.
So, get some paper and pick up a pen. Start writing a letter today！
1. _______2.__________3.________4._________5.________
6.________7._______8._________9._______10.___
is
was set
encouraged
friends
Generally
greeting
to follow
loves
enjoyable
them
is(共3张PPT)
直击中考
定语从句(关系从句)在完成句子中的运用。
在2023年贵州(贵阳)中考真题的完成句子中，考查了定语从句(关系从句)。在做题时，应先分析句子结构，判断空格及其后整个句子是否用来修饰空格前的名词(先行词)；再根据先行词的性质(人或物)填入恰当的关系代词及其后的其他句子成分。
完成句子。
英语课堂上，你们小组正围绕“Tu Youyou's Achievements”进行讨论，请补全内容要点。
1. 中国科学家屠呦呦发现了一种治疗疟疾的有效药物。
Tu Youyou is the Chinese scientist _________ _________ an effective drug against malaria.
2. 她坚持试验草药，直到找到有效的一种。
She ______ ____ testing herbs until one worked.
3. 她的研究挽救了数百万患病的生命。
Her research saved ________ ____ sick lives.
who/that
discovered
kept
on
millions
of(共8张PPT)
第3讲　定语从句(关系从句)
选择最佳选项。
( )1. Everything ________ you can learn becomes a part
of you and changes you，so learn wisely and learn well. (RJ9全U1)
A. that B. who C. whose
温故知新：that引导定语从句，既可指人也可指物；who引导定语从句，用于指人；whose既可修饰人，也可修饰物，意为“谁的”。
A
( )2. I hope you'll remember the important people in
your lives _________ helped and supported you.
(RJ9全 U14)
A. which B. where C. who
温故知新：which引导定语从句，一般指物；where引导地点状语从句，意为“在哪里”；who引导定语从句，用于指人。
C
whom、which和that在从句中作宾语时，通常可以省略；但关系代词前有介词时，关系代词不可省略，也不可用that。
主句
引导词
从句
Treasure Island is about a boy
who
found
an island full of treasures.
↓
先行词
主语谓语
宾语
Mr.Smith is the person with
whom
I
M
am working.
↓
↓
先行词
宾语
主语
谓语
The cake
that
we
liked best
was made by Li Fang
↓↓↓
先行词
宾语主语谓语
A nurse is a person
that
looks after patients.
↓
先行词
主语
谓语
宾语
The land
which
the elephants lived on
was overused by humans.
先行词
宾语
主语
谓语
This is t
the little girl
whose
parents died in the great earthquake.
先行词
定语
主语
谓语
情况
用法
例子
He told me everything that he knew.
(1)先行词为不定代词all、everything、
他将他知道的每件事都告诉了我。
anything、nothing、little等时
All the books that you offered have been given
out.你提供的所有书都被分发出去了。
Tea was not the only thing that caused the
只用that
(2)先行词被the only、the very、the
war,of course,but it played a very big part.
的情况
last等修饰时
当然，茶不是引发战争的唯一原因，但它起到
了很大的作用。
(3)先行词被形容词最高级或序数词
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
修饰时
这是我看过的最好的电影。
They talked about things and persons that they
(4)先行词既有人又有物时
remembered.他们谈论着他们记得的人和事。(共4张PPT)
直击中考
宾语从句在完形(第一节)中的运用。
在2019年贵州(贵阳)中考真题的单项填空中，考查了how引导的宾语从句的正确语序，因此学生对从句的正确语序也应有所了解。
A. until　B. also 　 C. but　 D. an　 E. and 　F. for　　
I was looking through my old photos last Sunday. Suddenly, a photo caught my eye. In the photo, I was hugging Duke, my best friend in the world.
Duke was 1. ______ interesting name for such a little dog. He became my friend when I was five years old. When I went outside to play games，he would run out of the house 2. ______ climb up to the tree. He felt proud of himself. When he was hungry， he would carry his bowl in his mouth and ask my mother 3. ______ food. When I was sick, he refused to leave my bed 4. ______ I got better.
I learned a lot of things from Duke. Sadly, I 5. ______　 learned that life is short, especially for a dog. To me, Duke was like a teacher who has taught me how to love and to be loved. I missed him so much.
1. ____ 2. ____ 3. ____ 4. ____ 5. ____
an
and
for
until
also
D
E
F
A
B(共19张PPT)
专题十一　主从复合句
第1讲　宾语从句　
A
选择最佳选项。
( )I can't believe __________ fast the time went by！
(RJ9全 U14)　
A. how
B. when
C. what
温故知新：how意为“如何”；when意为“什么时候”；what意为“什么”。
1. 陈述句作宾语从句。
I know that she will go shopping tomorrow.
↓　　 ↓　　　　　　↓
主句　引导词　 　 　　从句
我知道她明天会去购物。
一般情况下，引导词that 可省略。
2. 一般疑问句作宾语从句。
I don't know if/whether she will go shopping tomorrow.
↓　　　　　↓　　　　　　　　↓
主句　　　 引导词　 　 　　　　从句
我不知道她明天是否会去购物。
在whether … or not结构中，不能用if替换whether。
3. 特殊疑问句作宾语从句。
常用what、when、where、who、how等引导的疑问句。
I don't know how he goes to school.
我不知道他是如何去上学的。
He didn't tell me _____ we would meet again.
他没有告诉我什么时候我们会再见面。
He told Mary _____ he was hurt.
他告诉玛丽为什么他会受伤。
when
why
1. 时态。
(1)主句：一般现在时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时；
从句：根据语境需要使用合适的时态。
I don't know why John likes dancing.
我不知道为什么约翰喜欢跳舞。
Tom tells me that he ______ to school tomorrow.
汤姆告诉我他明天去上学。
I'm calling Nancy to ask if she can _____ over tomorrow.
我正在打电话给南希问她明天是否可以过来。
will go
come
(2)主句：一般过去时；
从句：用过去的某个时态。
Tom told me that he went to school yesterday.
汤姆告诉我他昨天去上学了。
I asked what he __________ at 8: 00 last night.
我问他昨晚八点正在做什么。
was doing
(3)主句：一般过去时；
从句(表客观真理或事实)：用一般现在时。
Everyone knew that light travels faster than sound.
每个人都知道光比声音传播得快。
The teacher told us that the sun _____ in the east.
老师告诉我们太阳从东边升起。
rises
2. 语序。
宾语从句用陈述句语序，即 “引导词＋主语＋谓语＋其他” ，从句中不含有助动词do/does/did等。
I don't know where he lives.
↓　 ↓　 ↓
引导词　主语　谓语
(1)what's wrong with … 在宾语从句中语序不变。例如：
She wants to know what's wrong with her mother.
她想知道她妈妈怎么了。
(2)引导词在从句中作主语，语序不变。例如：
Jane asks who will give us a speech this evening.
简询问今天晚上谁会给我们做演讲。
(who是引导词，在宾语从句中作动词give的主语，本身已是陈述句语序，不用变)
3. 宾语从句的否定转移。
当主句的谓语动词是think、believe、imagine、suppose、consider、expect、guess等时，从句的否定词要转移到主句上。例如：
I don't think he will come to my party.
我认为他不会来参加我的聚会。
不能说成：I think he won't come to my party.
1. 结构：主语＋ think/make/find that ＋ 从句
＝ 主语＋think/make/find＋宾语＋宾补。
I think that this book is interesting.
→I think this book interesting.
His mother found that he was a clever boy.
→ His mother found him ___________.
a clever boy
how to go to the library
where to go shopping
2. 由特殊疑问词who、what、where、why等引导的宾语从
句可转换为“疑问词＋不定式(to do)”。
I don't know what I should do.
→I don't know what to do.
Do you know how I can go to the library？
→Do you know ______________________？
We don't know where we can go shopping.
→We don't know ____________________.
一、语法巩固。
( )1. I want to learn more about ________ to care for
animals.
A. what
B. how
C. why
B
( )2. This famous saying “When I walk along with two
others, they may serve me as my teachers” tells us _______ we can learn from.
A. what
B. who
C. how
B
( )3. —Would you please tell me ________？ 　
—By keeping a diary every day.
A. why you want to study English
B. who you often speak English with
C. how you improve your English writing
C
二、微语境练。根据提示，完成句子。
1. Could you tell me how I can get to the station？
(改成同义句)
→Could you tell me ____ ___ ____ to the station？
2. I found that it was difficult to learn English well.
(改成同义句)
→I found ___ ________ ___ _____ English well.
3. Can the computer tell us what we should do next？
(改成同义句)
→Can the computer tell us ______ ___ ___ next？
how
to
get
it
difficult
to
learn
what
to
do(共18张PPT)
专题六　介词
用正确的介词填空。
1. Mary is a book lover. She could read by herself ___(at/in)
the age of four. (RJ8B U2) 温故知新：介词at后可接时间点或用于某些词组中，at the age of意为“在……岁时”。
2. Others even think there could be a link _______(between
/among) déjà vu and parallel universes. (RJ9全 U8)
温故知新：between指两者之间，常与and连用。
3. They have a quick dinner，and then it's time ___(to/for)
homework. (RJ8B U4) 温故知新：介词for可用于某些词组中，be time for … 意为“是时候……”。
at
between
for
look forward to期待 go on holiday 去度假
feel sorry for … 为……感到难过 because of 因为
take good care of 好好照顾 take part in 参加
in good/bad health 身体状况良好/不佳
in the middle 在中间 in danger 在危险中
in one's spare/free time 在某人的空闲时间
in the center of … 在……的中心 in this way 用这种方法
in one's opinion 依某人来看
have no interest in … 对……没有兴趣
at the end of … 在……的最后
at the age of … 在……岁时 at the same time 同时
on one's own 独自 fix … on 集中于……
make a good impression on … 给……留下好印象
play a joke on sb. 跟某人开玩笑；捉弄某人
remind sb. about/of sth. 提醒某人某事
make jokes about … 拿……开玩笑
stop … from doing sth. 阻止……做某事
introduce … to … 使……初次了解……
by oneself 独自
with one's help＝with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下
play against … 同……比赛
用法 例子
副词here、there、home、abroad、upstairs、downstairs前不用介词 come here，go there，get home，study abroad，go upstairs/downstairs
时间状语被last、this、next、every、one等修饰时，前面不用介词 We went sightseeing in Shanghai last summer holiday.
上个暑假我们去上海观光了。
They are planning to hold an English party this weekend.他们正计划这个周末举办一场英语聚会。
用法 例子
时间状语today、yesterday、tomorrow等前不用介词 I want to see a movie today and do some reading at home tomorrow.我想今天去看电影， 明天在家里看书。
介词后的人称代词要用宾格， 不用主格 for me，instead of him，look after us，depend on them，smile at her
介词后接动词时要用动词 ing形式 Thank you for teaching us so well. 谢谢你把我们教得这么好。
We are looking forward to visiting his new house.
我们正盼望着去参观他的新房子。
一、语法巩固。
at after on in for
1. _____ dinner, they tried to play a card game.
2. Harry has stayed here since last night. He has been here
____ 16 hours.
3. We have four classes ___ the morning and two classes at
night.
4. Jane is waiting for you ___ the bus stop.
5. There was a “No Smoking” sign ___ the wall.
After
for
in
at
on
二、微语境练。请从方框内选择适当的词，并根据需要用其正确形式填空。
to　about　after　of　on　through　in　
A large library stands in the center of a town. 1. ___ the shelves，people can find many kinds of books. They explore the wonders
2. ___ science，history and nature. One day，a student read a book 3. ______ Chinese history. He was interested 4. ___ the stories from different times. He looked 5. ________ many books，articles and maps. He wanted to find answers 6. ___ some confusing questions about how things changed during different times. 7. ____ reading a number of books，he had a deeper understanding of the past world. He looked forward to his journey of discovery the next day.
On
of
about
in
through
to
After(共11张PPT)
直击中考
一、名词在完形(第二节)中的运用。
分析贵州(贵阳)近3年中考真题可知，在完形(第二节)中，名词共考查8次(每年必考)，其中1次是根据词汇复现来确定答案，7次是根据语境推断来确定答案。
Mary was playing with her pet dog Tony in her backyard. Tony jumped up 1. _______ and caught her favorite sweater. Tony was so happy that it made several holes with its teeth.
( )1. A. excitedly B. angrily C. calmly
A
excitedly
Mary was heartbroken. “I can't simply 2. __________ nice clothes just because of a hole，” she thought. As a sweater designer，she often 3. ______ her own sweaters. To make the broken sweater look nice again，she decided to learn a new 4. ______—repairing.
( )2. A. put on B. take out C. throw away
( )3. A. loses B. makes C. collects
( )4. A. skill B. word C. lesson
C
B
A
throw away
makes
skill
Instead of trying to make the repair as 5. ______ as possible，she tried to repair clothes with a big fix. After a period of hard work，she managed to 6. ______ the sweater with patterns of sunset and flying birds. The repaired sweater has now become part of a special show at a museum in the UK. The show teaches 7. _______ about clothing repair throughout history to the modern day.
( )5. A. cheap B. small C. special
( )6. A. create B. fix C. repeat
( )7. A. visitors B. doctors C. reporters
B
B
A
small
fix
visitors
Mary now 8. ______ repairing classes online and shares advice with more than 100,000 Internet followers. She is pleased that repairing one's own clothes is becoming 9. ________ once again. “It has disappeared for ages，but it's really exciting to see it coming back，” she says. “I am very glad that repairing has become a new 10. _______. It makes me positive about the future.” Repairing clothing is much more than a simple fix，because it carries emotional and environmental values.
( )8. A. buys B. joins C. offers
( )9. A. easy B. serious C. popular
( )10. A. tool B. fashion C. product
C
C
B
offers
popular
fashion
二、名词在语法填空中的运用。
分析贵州(贵阳)近3年中考真题可知，在语法填空中，名词共考查4次，其中1次考查名词所有格，3次考查名词复数，学生要根据句式结构和上下文来确定答案。
Following the Lantern Festival，the Huazhao Festival is the next cheerful celebration on China's traditional festival calendar. With a history of over 2,000 years，it 1. ______(hold) in celebration of the Flower Goddess' birthday in the second month of the Chinese lunar calendar.
is held
According to ancient beliefs，the Flower Goddess controlled human reproduction(繁衍). At that time，Chinese family sizes 2. ______(be) much bigger than today. People believed that the more members 3. ______(they) family had，the happier it would be. So it later became a custom 4. ___________(celebrate) the birthday of the Flower Goddess. It 5. __________(stay) a meaningful tradition until now.
were
their
to celebrate
has stayed
Since the festival is in early spring，it is 6. ________ (exact) the time to have a spring trip. People can not only enjoy the 7. ________(beautiful) of flowers，but also plant flowers and vegetables. In ancient China，people cut colorful cloth into 8. ______(piece) and tied them to the flowers. It was believed that things planted on that day would grow up better. Around the festival，people also 9. ______(eat) wild vegetables in order to keep healthy and stop illnesses.
exactly
beauty
pieces
ate
The Huazhao Festival，which has remained 10. ______ (silence) for centuries，is now celebrated by more and more people in many parts of China. Some people wear hanfu，a traditional Chinese style of clothing，on this day to celebrate the festival.
1. _______ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. __________ 5. _________
6. _______ 7. _______ 8. _______ 9. _____ 10. ______
silent
is held
were
their
to celebrate
has stayed
exactly
beauty
pieces
ate
silent(共6张PPT)
直击中考
一、存现句在完成句子中的运用。
分析贵州(贵阳)近3年中考真题可知，在完成句子中，2024年和2025年均考查了1次存现句 (There be句型)。
完成句子。
英语课堂上，你们小组正围绕“The School Sports Meet”进行讨论，请补全内容要点。
1. 运动会的看台上有很多为我们加油的家长。
______ ____ many parents cheering for us in the stands of the sports meet.
2. 我们将在开幕式上展示班级队伍。
____ ____ show our class team at the opening ceremony.
There
are
We
will
3. 请按时到达报到处，不要错过比赛时间。
Please arrive at the check in place on time and _____ _____ the race time.
4. 我们不应该在比赛中使用违规器材。这违反规则。
We ________ ____ illegal equipment in the race. It’s against the rules.
5. 能参加这次运动会，和同学们一起拼搏真是太精彩了！
_____ ___________ it is to take part in the sports meet and fight with classmates！
don't
miss
shouldn't
use
How
wonderful
二、简单句的基本类型在写作中的运用。
写作的一个最基础的要求是要写出符合英语表达习惯的、结构完整的句子。学生掌握好简单句的基本句型，能够完成大部分的写作。
翻译句子。
1. 露西组织了一场小组讨论。(主＋谓＋宾)
________________________________________________
2. 我的团队就环境保护问题进行了讨论。(主＋谓＋宾)
________________________________________________
3. 这次经历让我明白团队合作的重要性。(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)
________________________________________________________________________________________________
Lucy organized a group discussion.
My team talked about environmental protection.
The experience made me realize the importance of
teamwork.(共18张PPT)
第2讲　状语从句
选择最佳选项。
( )1. _________ people catch sharks，they cut off their
fins and throw the sharks back into the ocean.
(RJ9全U13)
A. Before B. When C. Until
温故知新：before意为“在……之前”；when意为“当……的时候”；until意为“直到……”。when表示主从句动作同时或先后发生，从句中的谓语动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词。
B
( )2. ________ I could not understand everything the
characters said， their body language and the expressions on their faces helped me to get the meaning. (RJ9全 U1)
A. Although B. Because C. If
温故知新：although引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”；because引导原因状语从句，意为“因为”；if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”。
A
when
while
My father came back I was watching TV.
↓
从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，when和while可互换
You can't do your homework while you're watching TV.
↓
while引导的从句中，谓语动词必须是延续性动词
常用的引导时间状语从句的连接词有as、before、after、until、as soon as，其中until 常用于not … until句型。例如：
I didn't finish my homework until my mom cooked dinner.
直到我妈妈做晚饭的时候我才做完作业。
Because
　As
because与so不能连用，且because后接句子，because of后接名词(短语)。
↓
一般情况下because和as可互换
Since everybody is here ，let's begin our meeting.
↓
意为“由于；既然”
there was no bus to the farm ，we had to take a taxi.
If
由if引导的条件状语从句遵循三大原则：主将从现、主情从现、主祈从现。即 if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句分为三种情况：①主句用一般将来时(will)；②主句用情态动词(can、should、must等)；③主句用祈使句。
She will come unless it snows heavily.
you ask him ，he will help you.(一般将来时)
it stops raining，we can go boating.(情态动词＋动词原形)
you like shopping，go to Hong Kong.(祈使句)
Even though
Even if
Although
Though
although/though与but不能连用。
you don't like her，you have to help her.
Bill was ill，he still went to school.
语法巩固。
( )1. I'm really tired _________ I studied until midnight
last night.
A. because
B. though
C. so
A
( )2. Jack's mother was so tired. She fell asleep _______
she lay down on the bed.
A. though
B. until
C. as soon as
C
( )3. It is ________ an interesting story ________ every
kid wants to listen to it again.
A. so； that
B. such； that
C. too； to
B
( )4. At night， you are supposed to turn off the lights
__________ you sleep. It's important to save electricity.
A. before
B. after
C. until
A
( )5. I have a surprise for you. Keep your eyes closed.
Don't open them _________ I tell you to do so.
A. after
B. if
C. until
C
( )6. You need to practice speaking every day ________
you hope to improve your spoken English.
A. if
B. unless
C. though
A(共17张PPT)
第3讲　谓语动词的被动语态
用动词的适当形式填空。
1. He found it interesting that so many products in the local
shops __________(make) in China. (RJ9全 U5)
温故知新：“主语 ＋ was/were ＋ done”表示一般过去时的被动语态。
2. April Fool's Day ________(happens/is happened) on
April 1st every year. (RJ9全 U12改编)
温故知新：不及物动词happen没有被动语态。
were made
happens
时态 结构 例子
一般 现在时 am/is/are＋done The desks are made in China.(肯定句)
The desks aren't made in China.(否定句，在am/is/are后加not)
Are the desks made in China？(一般疑问句，把am/is/are提至句首)
一般 过去时 was/ were＋done The building was built ten years ago.(肯定句)
The building wasn't built ten years ago.(否定句，在was/were后加not)
Was the building built ten years ago？(一般疑问句，把was/were提至句首)
时态 结构 例子
一般 将来时 will＋be＋done A new school library will be built next year.(肯定句)
A new school library won't be built next year.(否定句，在will后加not变成will not或won't)
Will a new school library be built next year？
am/is/are going to＋be＋done A new school library is going to be built next year. (肯定句)
A new school library isn't going to be built next year.(否定句，在am/is/are后加not)
Is a new school library going to be built next year？
(一般疑问句，把am/is/are提至句首)
时态 结构 例子
含有情态动词 情态动词＋be＋done Students should be allowed to use mobile phones at school.(肯定句)
Students shouldn't be allowed to use mobile phones at school.(否定句，在情态动词后加not)
Should students be allowed to use mobile phones at school？(一般疑问句，把情态动词提至句首)
1. 由主动语态变为被动语态的方法。
(1)把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。
(2)把动词变为被动形式，即“be＋过去分词”，并注意其人称和数要跟随主语变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。
(3)原主动句的主语，如需要，可放在by后面，并以它的宾格形式出现(代词的宾格)；如不需要，可省略。
(4)其他的成分(定语、状语)不变。例如：
We ＋ bought ＋ some books .(主动语态)
Some books ＋ _____ bought ＋ by us .(被动语态)
were
2. 被动语态的使用情况。
在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况：
(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。例如：
This watch is made in China. 这块手表是在中国制造的。
(2)没有必要指出动作的执行者。例如：
Talking loudly isn't allowed in the library. 图书馆里不允许大声说话。
(3)强调或突出动作的承受者。例如：
Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.
世界上越来越多的人说汉语。 (强调汉语使用广泛)
1. 含有使役动词或某些感官动词的被动语态。
常用的使役动词make、let、have等及感官动词see、hear、watch、notice等在表达主动意义时，常用的结构是make/see/hear/watch/notice sb. do sth.，宾语补足语为不带to的不定式，但在被动语态中要把to加上，即sb. be made/seen/heard/watched/noticed to do sth.。例如：
(1)He made me do the work.
他让我做这项工作。(主动，do前没有to)
→I was made to do the work.
我被派去做这项工作。(被动，do前加上to)
(2)Tom saw Lucy water the flowers last night.
汤姆昨晚看到露西在浇花。
→Lucy was seen to water the flowers last night.
露西昨晚被看到在浇花。
(3)They heard him sing songs last night.
他们昨晚听到他在唱歌。
→He was heard to sing songs last night.
他昨晚被听到在唱歌。
判断含有使役动词或某些感官动词的被动语态中究竟有没有to，可按以下原则判断：使役动词或感官动词前有be，则有to；无be，则无to。
2. 双宾句的被动语态。
3. 感官动词(look、smell、taste、feel、sound等)用主动结
构表示被动。例如：The cake tastes delicious.蛋糕尝起来美味。
4. 不及物动词(happen、 take place、 break out、 cost等)
没有被动语态。例如：Great changes were taken place in China. (×)→Great changes took place in China.(√)中国发生了巨大的变化。
5. 某些与well、 badly、 easily、 smoothly等副词连用的不
及物动词，表示物体的某种属性特征，不用被动语态。常见的词有sell、 wash、 write、 read、 open、 lock等。例如：The new smartphone sells very well. 这款新的智能手机卖得很好。
6. 许多由不及物动词构成的短语，在变为被动语态时，动
词后的介词或副词不可省略。例如：You should take care of the children. 你应该照顾孩子们。→The children should be taken care of. 孩子们应该被照顾。
7. want/need/require＋doing＝want/need/require＋to be
done(to be done是不定式的被动结构)。例如：My bike is broken. It needs repairing. 我的自行车坏了。它需要修理。→My bike is broken. It needs to be repaired. 我的自行车坏了。它需要被修理。
8. 在be worth doing中，doing表示被动含义。
例如：This film is worth watching. 这部电影值得一看。
一、语法巩固。
1. This restaurant _____(is looked/looks) interesting.
2. —How clean the roads are!
—They ___________(are cleaned/cleaned) by the hard working cleaners every day.
3. Jack ________(saw/was seen) to walk into the library last
evening.
4. The cartoon characters ________________(draw/have
been drawn) carefully by the artists.
5. Each picture _______________(should make/should be
made) a little different from the one before it.
looks
are cleaned
was seen
have been drawn
should be made
二、微语境练。根据提示，用单词的正确形式填空。
Paper making 1. ___________(invent) by ancient Chinese. Then it 2. _____________(improve) several times. Paper making 3. _______(show) the great wisdom(智慧) of ancient Chinese people and has spread to many countries all over the world.
was invented
was improved
shows(共44张PPT)
专题二　动词
第1讲　动词和动词词组
用动词的适当形式填空。回顾动词在教材中的用法。
1. He ______(work/works) hard and _____(do/does) well in
school. (RJ9全 U4)
温故知新：在一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词一般在动词原形后加 s，助动词用does。
2. They also ________(look after/look for) ways to review
what they have learned. (RJ9全 U1)
温故知新：look for 意为“寻找”，look after 意为“照顾”。
works
does
look for
分析贵州(贵阳)近3年中考真题可知，实义动词辨析是必考点，在完形(第二节)中考查。在解答此类题型时，学生要确定每个动词的含义，通过上下文分析语境，从而确定答案。
常考动词归纳
A
agree同意；赞同
allow允许
avoid避免；防止
accept 接受
B
break打破；打碎
build建造
buy买
borrow借
C
change改变
compare比较；对比
connect连接
consider考虑；认为
control操作；操纵；限制；约束；管理
collect收集
cry哭
cook煮
D
depend依靠
describe描写；描述
discover发现；找到
disturb打扰；妨碍
dance跳舞
draw画
E
encourage鼓励
enjoy喜爱；享受……的乐趣
examine检查；检验
explain解释；说明
eat吃
F
fill填满；填充
force强迫；迫使
forget忘记
find发现
G
guess猜测；估计
guide指引；指导
H
help帮助
hide藏
hold抱住
I
imagine想象；设想
L
laugh笑
leave离开
lend借给；借出
lift举起；抬起；提起
live居住；生活
M
move移动
O
order命令
P
push督促；推动
protect保护
provide提供
play玩
pass传递
R
realize理解；领会；认识到
refuse拒绝
rest休息
S
sell出售；销售；卖
share分享
shout喊叫；呼叫
show展示；显示
smile微笑
spread拓展；蔓延；传播
support支持
see看见
search搜索
sleep睡觉
T
throw扔；掷
try尝试；设法；努力
tell讲；告诉
thank感谢
take带走
train训练
think 思考
W
wash洗
warn警告
work工作
walk散步；陪伴……走
一、语法巩固。
1. Good speakers _______(change/speak) the way they
______(change/speak) in different situations. The expressions they use might depend on whom they are speaking to or how well they know each other.
( )2. John never tells lies to us. He is so honest a man that
we all ________ him.
A. teach 　
B. trust　
C. refuse
change
speak
B
( )3. —The hair product is being ________ at present.
—You mean if it's up to the standard，it will be put on the market soon.
A.sold
B. tested
C. shown
B
二、微语境练。根据提示，用单词的正确形式填空。
Tom 1. _____(find) a wallet today. He doesn't 2. _____ (keep) it for himself but 3. _____(give) it to a policeman. The policeman 4. ______(think) that Tom is a good boy. He 5. ___(be) proud of Tom.
finds
keep
gives
thinks
is
基本形式 构成规则 例子
动词原形 动词的基本形式 study，be，like，catch，depend
第三人称单数 (1)一般在动词原形后加 s read—reads，take—takes，put—_____
(2)以s，x，ch，sh，o结尾的动词，后加 es pass—passes，teach—_______，go—_____　
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，将y变为i，再加 es carry—carries，cry—cries，fly—_____，try—_____
(4)不规则变化 have—has
puts
teaches
goes
flies
tries
基本形式 构成规则 例子
现在分词 (1)一般在动词原形后加 ing read—reading，catch—_________，do—______
(2)以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加 ing write—writing，make—_______
(3)重读闭音节动词末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写此辅音字母，再加 ing swim—swimming，run—_______
(4)以ie结尾的动词，将ie变为y，再加 ing die—dying，lie—_____
catching
doing
making
running
lying
基本形式 构成规则 例子
过去式与过去分词 (1)一般在动词原形后加 ed work—worked，
pass—________
(2)以e结尾的动词，直接加 d live—lived，hope—hoped，decide—________
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，将y变为i，再加 ed study—studied，worry—_______，hurry—_______
(4)重读闭音节动词末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写此辅音字母，再加 ed stop—stopped，
plan—________
(5)不规则变化 take—took—taken，go—went—gone
passed
hurried
worried
planned
decided
写出下列动词的相应形式。
动词原形 第三人称单数 现在分词 过去式 过去分词
be
do
regret
pass
carry
solve
die
search
is
being
was/were
been
does
doing
did
done
regrets
regretting
regretted
regretted
passes
passing
passed
passed
carries
carrying
carried
carried
solves
solving
solved
solved
dies
dying
died
died
searches
searching
searched
searched
情态动词本身有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，要与动词原形一起构成谓语。 情态动词后要使用动词原形，通常没有人称和数的变化(have to 和be able to除外)。
1. 情态动词一览表。
情态动词 过去式 词义 句型变化
can could 能；会；可以 I could swim at the age of seven.(肯定句)
→I couldn't swim at the age of seven.(否定句)
→Could you swim at the age of seven？(一般疑问句)
情态动词 过去式 词义 句型变化
may might 可以；可能 You may take a walk after supper.(肯定句)
→You may not take a walk after supper.(否定句)
→May I take a walk after supper？(一般疑问句)
情态动词 过去式 词义 句型变化
must — 必须；一定 We must arrive home before
10：00.(肯定句)
→We needn't/don't have to arrive home before 10：00.(否定句)
→Must you arrive home before 10：00？(一般疑问句)
情态动词 过去式 词义 句型变化
have/has to had to 不得不 Tom had to go home on foot last night.(肯定句)
→Tom didn't have to go home on foot last night.(否定句)
→Did Tom have to go home on foot last night？(一般疑问句)
情态动词 过去式 词义 句型变化
should，ought to — 应该 We should/ought to keep the air fresh. (肯定句)
→We shouldn't/ought not to keep the air fresh.(否定句)
→Should we keep the air fresh？/Ought we to keep the air fresh？(一般疑问句)
情态动词 过去式 词义 句型变化
need — 需要 need作情态动词使用时，一般用于否定句和疑问句中。
→You needn't close all the windows.(否定句)
→Need I close all the windows？(一般疑问句)
情态动词 过去式 词义 句型变化
had better — 最好 You had better stay at home.(肯定句)
→You had better not stay at home. (否定句)
→Had I better stay at home？(一般疑问句)
情态动词在一般疑问句中的回答。
(1)—May I sit here ——我可以坐这里吗？
—Yes，you may/can. ——是的，你可以。
/—No，you mustn't/can't.——不，你不可以。
(2)—Can you come to see me tomorrow
——你明天能来看我吗？
—Yes，I can. ——是的，我可以。/
—No，I can't. ——不，我不能。
(3)—Must he go now ——他必须现在走吗？
—Yes，he must. ——是的，他必须走。
/—No，he needn't/doesn't have to. ——不，他不需要。
(4)—Need I do exercise today ——我今天需要做运动吗？
—Yes，you must. ——是的，你必须。
/—No，you needn't/don't have to. ——不，你不需要。
2. 情态动词的常见用法。
情态动词 用法 例子
can/could表示“能；会” 表示 能力 I can speak English well.
我能说一口流利的英语。
can，may表示“可以”，在疑问句中表示有礼貌地提出请求 表示请求和允许 —May I close the window？
——我能关窗吗？
—Yes，you can. ——是的， 你可以。
—Can I come in？——我能进来吗？
—No，you can't.——不， 你不能。
情态动词 用法 例子
can't 表示“不能” 表示 不允许 We can't speak loudly in public.
我们不能在公共场合大声说话。
mustn't 表示“禁止”， 态度比can't强硬 You mustn't break the rules.
你不能违反规则。
情态动词 用法 例子
can't表示“不可能” 表示猜测，可能性由小到大依次如下：can't(不可能)→ might→ may→can→must(一定是) That can't be Mr.Wang. He has gone to Beijing.那不可能是王先生。他已经去北京了。
might表示“可能”， 可能性比may更小；或表示对过去事情的猜测 He might come tomorrow.
他可能明天会来。
He might go abroad yesterday.他可能昨天就出国了。
may表示“可能”，可能性较小 Be quick，or you may miss the early bus.快点，否则你可能会错过早班车。
情态动词 用法 例子
can表示潜在的可能性， 常用于疑问句和否定句中 表示猜测，可能性由小到大依次如下：can't(不可能) →might→ may→can→must(一定是) That man is our new teacher. Can it be true 那个男人是我们的新老师。这是真的吗？
must表示“肯定；一定是”， 常用于肯定句中， 表示肯定性的猜测， 可能性最大 The book must be Jack's. There is his name on it.
这本书肯定是杰克的。 书上有他的名字。
3.情态动词的其他用法。
情态动词 用法 例子
be able to 与can/could一样都可表示能力(can为现在时，could为过去时)，但be able to可用于各种时态， 有人称和数的变化 She is able to/can sing English songs well.
她能把英语歌唱得很好。
He will be able to finish the work in an hour.
他能在一小时内完成工作。
情态动词 用法 例子
have/has to，must 客观条件用have/has to(可用于多种时态)； 主观因素用must She had to look after her little sister when her mother was out.
当她的妈妈外出时， 她不得不照看她的妹妹。
As a student，you must study hard.
作为一名学生， 你必须努力学习。
一、语法巩固。
1. Many April Fool's jokes ____(may/must) ____(ends/end)
up being not very funny.
( )2. —Students _______ listen to music while they are
riding bikes on the road.
—I agree with you. It's too dangerous.
A. needn't
B. may not
C. mustn't
may
end
C
( )3. —How beautiful the paper cutting is! Who made it
—It _______ be Linda. She's the only one that can make it in our class.
A. must
B. may
C.can
A
二、微语境练。请从方框内选择适当的词，并根据需要用其正确形式填空。
should　can　need
Today is Sunday. Linda 1. _____ to finish her homework tonight. She 2. ______ try her best，or she won't finish the homework on time. Linda believes she 3. _____ do it. Now，she is working hard to finish her homework.
needs
should
can
1. 同一动词型。
be be bored of/with … 对……感到厌烦
be relaxed about … 对……感到放松
be worried about 担心
be pleased with … 对……感到满意
be excited about … 对 ……感到兴奋
be thirsty for 渴望；渴求
be surprised at … 对……感到惊奇
be responsible for … 对……有责任；负责任　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
look look after 照顾 look at看 look around 环顾
look down upon 瞧不起 look for 寻找
look forward to 盼望；期待
look into 向……里看；调查
look out 注意；小心 look through 浏览
look up 查阅；向上看 look over 检查
take take away 带走；拿走 take care of 照顾
take off 起飞；脱掉 take out 取出
take place 发生 take the place of 取代
take up 占用；开始从事 take down 写下；记下 take part in 参加
put put away 把……收起来 put down 放下
put off 推迟 put on 穿上；上演
put out 生产；扑灭 put up 搭建；张贴
get get away 离开 get back 回来
get close (to) 靠近 get on 上车
get on with sb. 与某人相处 get out of 摆脱；逃避
get ready for … 为……做准备 get together 相聚
get up 起床 get in 进入；到达；收获
get over 克服 get off 下车
go go away 离开 go by (时间)流逝
go for a walk 去散步 go on 继续
go out 外出；熄灭 go over 仔细检查
go through 检查；经历；通过 go back 回到
come come across (偶然)遇见 come back 回来
come down 降落；落下 come from 来自
come on 加油；快点 come to 共计；达到
come up with 想出 come out 出现；出版
come true 实现
give give away 捐赠 give back 归还；退后
give out 散发；分发 give up 放弃
give off 发出(光、热等) give in 屈服；让步
2. 同一介/副词型。
up grow up 长大 cheer up 使……高兴
hurry up 赶快 make up 编造；化妆
pick up 捡起；接机 take up 占用；开始从事
ring up 打电话 stay up 熬夜
set up 建立 wake up 醒来　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
on carry on 继续 depend on 依赖；依靠
hold on 等一下 keep on 继续
live on 以……为食；靠……生活
try on 试穿
with mix with … 与……混合
agree with sb. 同意某人的意见
connect with … 与……相连
deal with 处理
catch up with sb. 赶上某人
come up with 想出
get along with sb. 与某人和睦相处
make friends with … 与……交朋友
keep in touch with … 与……保持联系
for care for 照顾；照料 wait for 等待
ask for 请求 send for 派人去叫
apply for 申请 die for … 为……而死
pay for 付费；付出代价
prepare for … 为……做准备
search for 搜寻；查找
down turn down 拒绝；关小；调低　　
break down 出故障
一、语法巩固。
1. They even ask each other and try to ________(look
out/find out) the answers.
2. When we study at school，______________(coming
from/learning from) others and improving ourselves are important for us.
find out
learning from
( )3. —Hard to believe. Luke won the school speech
contest!
—He used to be shy，but his friends' support ________ his confidence.
A. made up　　　　　
B. took away　　　　　
C. built up
C
二、完成句子。
1. 爱丽丝很外向，很容易和遇到的每个人交朋友。
Alice is very outgoing and easily __________________ everyone she meets.
2. 在养宠物之前，你必须学会如何正确地照顾宠物。
You must learn how to properly __________________ a pet before keeping it.
makes friends with
care for/take care of(共21张PPT)
第4讲　动词的非谓语形式
用动词的适当形式填空。
1. Chang'e refused _______(to give/giving) it to him and
took it all. (RJ9全 U2)
温故知新：不定式作宾语，refuse to do sth. 意为“拒绝做某事”。
2. I remember _______(to meet/meeting) all of you when
you were just starting Grade 7 at this school. (RJ9全 U14)
温故知新：remember doing sth. 意为“记得做过某事”。
to give
meeting
1. 不定式作宾语。
(1)动词＋to do sth.。
例如：Suddenly it began to rain. (to rain作began的宾语)
天突然开始下雨。
I hope to see the famous scientist.(to see作hope的宾语)
我希望看到这位著名的科学家。
(2)疑问词与不定式连用作宾语。
常见的结构有when to do(什么时候做)，how to do(怎样做)，what to do(做什么)，where to do(在哪里做)，which to do(做哪一个)。
例如：I don't know what to buy for my mother.(what to buy作know的宾语)
我不知道给我妈妈买什么。
(3)用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式。
例如：I find it difficult to learn Chinese well. 我发现学好中文很难。
2. 不定式作宾语补足语。
例如：My father asked Mary to buy some flowers back.
我爸爸叫玛丽去买些花回来。
(Mary在句中作宾语，to buy some flowers补充说明Mary要做的事)
Mr.Li told us not to play computer games in the net bar.
李老师告诉我们不要在网吧玩电脑游戏。
(us在句中作宾语，not to play computer games补充说明us不要做的事)
3. 不定式作目的状语。
例如：She went to China to learn Chinese.
她去中国学中文。(to learn Chinese作目的状语)
4. 不定式作主语。
例如：To do sports is very healthy.
＝It is very healthy to do sports. 做运动是很健康的。
1. 使役动词和感官动词后带宾语，再接不定式作宾补时，若
为主动语态，不定式要省略to；若为被动语态，要加上to。
make sb.do sth. 使某人做某事　　　　　　　　　　　
let sb.do sth.让某人做某事
notice sb.do(doing) sth.注意某人(正在)做某事
have sb.do sth.使某人做某事
see sb.do(doing) sth. 看见某人(正在)做某事
watch sb.do(doing) sth.注视某人(正在)做某事
hear sb.do(doing) sth. 听见某人(正在)做某事
例如：I often see him run on the road.(省略to)
我经常看见他在马路上跑步。
2. 不带to的不定式常用句型。
一、语法巩固。
1. Li Wen's teacher advised his parents _______(talk) with
their son in person.
2. Kevin goes to the supermarket ______(buy) some apples.
3. You'd better _______(work) hard from now on and you
will have a colorful life in the future.
to talk
to buy
work
二、微语境练。根据提示，用单词的正确形式填空。
Jack is a kind boy. He always tries 1. _______(help) those in need. He hopes 2. _________(become) a millionaire (百万富翁) one day so that he can 3. _____(make) their lives better.
to help
to become
make
动名词由动词原形加 ing构成，形式与动词的现在分词相同。
用法 例子
作主语 Swimming is my favorite sport. 游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
作表语 I think one of the best sports is running.
我认为跑步是最好的运动之一。
作宾语 After John finished cleaning his room，he went to watch TV. 约翰打扫完他的房间后，就去看电视了。
作定语 I bought some reading material. 我买了一些阅读材料。
avoid doing sth.避免做某事　 mind doing sth.介意做某事
finish doing sth.完成做某事 practice doing sth.练习做某事
keep doing sth.坚持做某事 enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事
consider doing sth.考虑做某事 suggest doing sth.建议做某事
prevent sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
spend …(in) doing sth.花费……做某事
prefer doing A to doing B 比起做B，更喜欢做A
can't help doing sth.禁不住做某事　　
feel like doing sth.想要做某事
pay attention to doing sth.注意做某事
be busy doing sth.忙于做某事
be/get used to doing sth.习惯做某事
be worth doing sth.值得做某事
look forward to doing sth.盼望做某事
give up doing sth.放弃做某事
have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
succeed in doing sth.成功做某事
dream of doing sth. 梦想做某事
有些动词既可接不定式，也可接动词 ing形式，但意义不同。
stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事(指另一件事) try doing sth. 尝试做某事
try to do sth.
设法或努力去做某事
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做) remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(未做) forget doing sth.
忘记做过某事(已做)
forget to do sth.
忘记去做某事(未做)
be/get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事 used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 regret doing sth.
后悔做过某事(已做)
regret to do sth.
很遗憾要做某事(未做)
一、语法巩固。
1. He realized that Americans can hardly avoid ______(buy)
products made in China.
2. Betty usually practices _______(sing) songs in her free
time.
3. I have trouble ____________(understand) the new words.
4. Early this morning，Dad was busy _______(dig) in the
garden to plant a tree.
5. At last，Jim and his daughter succeeded in ________
(reach) the top of the mountain.
buying
singing
understanding
digging
reaching
二、微语境练。根据提示，用单词的正确形式填空。
Tom enjoys 1. _______(play) ping pong. He keeps 2. _______(get) up at 7 o'clock every morning 3. __________ (practice) it. He is looking forward to 4. _____________ (communicate) with other players about ping pong skills.
playing
getting
to practice
communicating(共5张PPT)
直击中考
状语从句在完形(第一节)中的运用。
分析贵州(贵阳)近3年中考真题可知，在完形(第一节)中，状语从句从属连词考查3次。在解答这类试题时，应当分析语境，判断前后分句间的逻辑关系，再根据各选项的含义与用法确定答案。
A. on　B. an　C. in　D. and　E. but　F. because
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is also called the UK. It is made up of England， Scotland，Wales and Northern Ireland. It is 1. ____ island country in Western Europe. London，the capital of the UK， is bigger than any other city in the country.
an
There are many palaces and castles in this old European country. Buckingham Palace is the most famous one，2. ______ it is a British landmark(地标) and the home of kings and queens. The UK has always been famous for its museums. The most famous one among them is the British Museum. You can learn a lot about the world's culture there. The UK also has many places of natural beauty，such as the Lake District. You can see beautiful wild birds 3. ______ the lakes there.
and
on
The best time to visit the UK is from May to September 4. ________ its winter is wet and cold. The weather changes often there. It is sunny one minute，5. ______ it may be rainy the next，so prepare an umbrella before you go there. Besides，remember that people use pounds there，not RMB or dollars！
1.____ 2.____ 3.____ 4.____ 5.____
because
but
B
D
A
F
E(共10张PPT)
直击中考
一、动词时态在完形(第二节)中的运用。
分析贵州(贵阳)近3年中考真题可知，在完形(第二节)中，动词时态考查了8次，主要考查动词的过去式(考查8次)。
Do you know the suona It's a kind of Chinese instrument. Zhou Haiyan is from Anhui and her 1. ______ started playing the suona over 100 years ago. Zhou's father started to 2. ______ her the suona when she was only 6 years old. She was very clever and could play it very well at the age of 9. Zhou and her teammates played the suona so well that they were very 3. _______. A lot of people knew them. They also played it for a living.
( )1. A. teacher B. friend C. family
( )2. A. buy B. throw C. teach
( )3. A. lucky B. popular C. hard working
C
C
B
family
teach
popular
However，Zhou found that there were fewer and fewer 4. _______ to play the suona as time passed. Quite a few people were not 5. ______，so they left home to find other work. Zhou wanted to make money as the others，but she couldn't 6. _______ playing the suona. It is the most important part of her life.
( )4. A. chances B. customs C. places
( )5. A. healthy B. smart C. rich
( )6. A. think of B. give up C. put on
A
C
B
chances
rich
give up
Now Zhou Haiyan is 56 years old. She does something 7. ______，unlike what she did before. She started to 8. ______ livestream suona shows for about 3 hours a day in April last year. Zhou plays the suona 9. _________ in the shows and they get popular with a lot of Chinese music lovers. Zhou does farm work during the day and plays the suona at night.“It is really enjoyable to do my 10. ________ thing，” she says happily. She will keep on doing it.
( )7. A. special B. boring C. strange
( )8. A. watch B. enjoy C. hold
( )9. A. early B. beautifully C. slowly
( )10. A. convenient B. simple C. favorite
A
C
B
C
special
hold
beautifully
favorite
二、动词时态在语法填空中的运用。
分析贵州(贵阳)近3年中考真题可知，在语法填空中，动词时态主要考查一般现在时(3次)和一般过去时(2次)。在做题时，学生需要根据时间标志词判断动词的时态。
How did people communicate with each other in ancient times Here are some interesting 1. ________ (answer) to this question.
answers
In Switzerland，alphorns(阿尔卑斯长号角) once 2. _________(use) widely to communicate.They're long and heavy.So，alphorns 3. ______(be) hard to blow.But why did people use 4. ______(they) Well，they can make a loud sound which 5. _______(travel) farther than the human voice.In the past，herdsmen(牧民) used alphorns to call cows.When the sun went down，herdsmen sent messages down to 6. _________(village) to tell them with alphorns.Nowadays，people have fun 7. _______(play) the alphorn as a musical instrument.
were used
are
them
travels
villagers
playing
In La Gomera，people often used a whistled(口哨的) language called El silbo.It could carry 8. ________ (difference) kinds of messages.Now primary school students in La Gomera must learn it because it's required.They learn how to use it and even whistle in class.
different
In ancient China，soldiers used smoke as a warning.When they noticed the enemy from their towers，they 9. ________(quick) lit a smoky fire.When soldiers in other towers 10. _____(see) the smoke signal，they lit fires as well.In this way，messages about the enemy's arrival could travel as far as 800 km in just several hours.
1.________ 2._________ 3.____ 4._____ 5._______
6._________ 7.________ 8._________ 9.________ 10.____
quickly
saw
answers
were used
are
them
travels
villagers
playing
different
quickly
saw(共5张PPT)
直击中考
构词法在语法填空中的运用。
分析贵州(贵阳)近3年中考真题可知，在语法填空中通常涉及对构词法的考查。在语法填空的篇章中，会考查派生法中通过增减后缀将某一词性的单词转换为其他词性的单词的用法。学生在解题时，可利用构词法和上下文推断法得出答案。
Guilin is a city in Guangxi. It's famous for its beautiful views. As many foreign 1. _______(visit) take trips to Guilin，they are amazed by a traditional Tai Chi school there.
“I like Chinese kung fu and want to learn it，but it's too 2. ________(difficulty) for me. Tai Chi helps make my kung fu dream come true，” said Greg Shaffer，an American who was 64 years old. Two years ago，he 3. ______(know) about the Yangshuo Traditional Tai Chi School. And the beautiful views made 4. ______(he) stay there to learn Tai Chi.
visitors
difficult
knew
him
At first，Shaffer was not good at it. But after a year of hard work，he has made great progress. The school
5. ________(teacher) guidance helped Shaffer improve quickly. “In my opinion，the key to practicing Tai Chi is to be slow. You just need to feel the breath and movement
6. _______(slow) as you move，” said Shaffer. Tai Chi not only teaches him how to keep fit，but also 7. ______(make) him enjoy the beauty of Chinese culture.
teachers'
slowly
makes
Wu Yuping is the head of the school. He grew up in Guilin. He said more than 2, 000 foreign students from over 120 countries 8. _____________(study) there since 2010. “Chinese kung fu 9. _____(be) a cultural card and also a bridge for international communication. I hope more people can come here 10. ________(learn) about Chinese culture while learning Tai Chi. It is meaningful，” Wu said.
1._______2.________3.______4._____5._________
6._______7._______8.____________9.____10.________
have studied
is
to learn
visitors
difficult
knew
him
teachers'
slowly
makes
have studied
is
to learn(共37张PPT)
第三章　语法知识专项复习
专题一　名词
用名词的适当形式填空。
1. The pieces are usually cute ________(child/children) or
lively characters from a Chinese fairy tale or a historical story. (RJ9全U5)
温故知新：可数名词复数的变化可划分为规则变化和不规则变化两类，child的复数形式属于不规则变化。
children
2. I have ________(a lot of/many) wealth, but I'm always
worried about losing my money. (RJ9全U11)
温故知新：a lot of既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词；many仅修饰可数名词。
3. Try to guess a _______(word/word's) meaning by reading
the sentences before and after it. (RJ9全 U1)
温故知新：word是单数名词，其名词所有格的构成方法是在词尾加 's。
a lot of
word's
分析贵州(贵阳)近3年中考真题可知，名词词义辨析是必考考点，在完形第二节中考查。在解答此类题型时，学生要明确每个选项的意思，再根据语境确定答案。
1. 名词的分类。
专有
名词
国家：China　
地名：Beijing
人名：Mike　　
称呼：Miss Li
节日：
the Spring Festival
月份：January
星期：Tuesday
普通
名词
抽象名词：
health，happiness，trust
物质名词：milk，water
集体名词：people，police
个体名词：car，book
2. 常考名词归纳。
A
age年龄
advice意见；建议
advantage优势
air空气
apple苹果
B
baby婴儿
business生意；商业
bee蜜蜂
bird鸟
C
coach教练
class班级
cause原因；起因
chance机会；可能性
change改变；变化
color颜色
condition状况
care照顾；照料
D
dentist牙医
decision决定
dialogue对话
dream梦；梦想
discovery发现
E
excuse借口
exam考试
example例子
experience经历；经验
F
flower花
family家庭
frog青蛙
face脸
fear担心；害怕
H
hope希望
health健康
happiness幸福；快乐
heart心脏；心
I
instruction指示；命令
interest兴趣；爱好
idea主意
J
job工作
K
kindness仁慈；善良
knowledge知识；学识
L
lawyer律师
leaf叶子
luck运气
look长相
love喜爱；关爱
life生活；生命
light光
M
mouth嘴巴
method方法
mess杂乱；不整洁
money金钱
O
office办公室
P
practice练习
promise承诺；诺言
purpose目的；意图
project项目；工程
peace和平
people人们
problem问题
R
reason 原因
research研究；探讨
result结果；后果
rule规则；规章
regret懊悔；感到遗憾
rabbit兔子
road公路
reply回答；答复
S
success成功
safety安全
scientist 科学家
secret秘密
shape形状；外形
smile微笑
situation情况；状况
shame可惜；遗憾
service接待；服务
shoulder肩膀
space太空；空间
sport运动
T
team队伍
trust信任；信赖
truth真相
test测试
ticket票
time时间
tree树
trip旅行
V
vegetable蔬菜
W
war战争
water水
Y
yard院子
1. At the age of nine, I asked for part time _____(job/jobs)
at small radio stations.
( )2. Li Wei likes science and his dream is to be a
________．
A. scientist
B. singer
C. driver
jobs
A
( )3. —Kevin, could you pass me some ________？It's so
hot today. I'm really thirsty.
—OK. Here you are.
A. rice
B. bread
C. water
C
二、微语境练。根据提示，用单词的正确形式填空。
The 1. ________(science) spent many 2. ______(hour) studying space. He wanted to find 3. _______(secret) of the universe. His hard 4. ______(work) led to a great 5. _________(discover)，making everyone excited.
scientist
hours
secrets
work
discovery
分析贵州(贵阳)近3年中考真题可知，在语法填空中，名词考查了4次，主要考查可数名词的复数形式。
1. 可数名词复数的规则变化。
情况 规则 例子
一般情况 词尾直接加 s book—______
以s，x， zch，sh结尾 词尾一般加 es bus—buses，watch—________
以th结尾 词尾加 s month—months
books
watches
情况 规则 例子
以o结尾 (1)有生命，词尾一般加 es (2)无生命，词尾一般加 s (3)字母o前是元音，词尾加 s tomato—________
piano—pianos
zoo—zoos
以y结尾 (1)字母y前是元音，词尾直接加 s (2)字母y前是辅音，词尾y变i，再加 es birthday—birthdays
story—______
以f(e) 结尾 (1)多数词尾f(e)变v，再加 es (2)少数词尾直接加 s life—lives，
leaf—______
roof—roofs
tomatoes
stories
leaves
2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化。
(1)表示某一特定含义时，只有复数形式，如clothes(衣服)，glasses(眼镜)。
(2)形式上为复数，但意义为单数，如news，maths。
The news was surprising. / Maths is my favorite subject.
(3)由man和woman构成的合成名词，其复数形式是把词尾的man和woman变为men和women，如policeman—policemen。
(4)由两个名词组成的复合名词，最后一个名词变成复数，如three apple trees；当第一个名词是woman或man时，两个名词都要变成复数，如four women doctors。
(5)复合名词中起主导作用的主体名词变为复数形式，如passer by—passers by(行人)；如没有主体名词，就把复数词尾加在最后一个词上，如grown up—grown ups(成年人)。
3. 常考的不可数名词。
4. 有些名词既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但意义不同。
一、语法巩固。
1. I was looking across one of the _______(wonder/wonders)
of the natural world—the Grand Canyon.
2. Lingling shows a great interest in painting and she hopes
to be an ______(artist/artists).
wonders
artist
( )3. —Can you give me some ________ on learning
English well
—Sure. Watching English programs is a good way.
A. news
B. advice
C. messages
B
二、微语境练。根据提示，用单词的正确形式填空。
When I was a little boy，studying the 1. _____(star) was great fun for me. Now it is my 2. ______(career). I use my 3. __________(knowledge) to tell 4. ______(people) about the stars in different 5. _____(way).
stars
career
knowledge
people
ways
名词的量指的是名词所表示事物的数量或容量。在英语中，名词的量可以通过不同的方式来表达，具体可以分为可数名词和不可数名词的量。
(1)不可数名词不能与不定冠词a或an连用，且没有复数形式。
(2)不可数名词用“量词＋of”结构来表示具体容量或数量，如a glass of water；在特定语境下，可数名词也可以用量词短语来表示数量，如a basket of apples。
一、语法巩固。
1. When I got home，I tried to cook ______(some/many)
rice，but I burnt it.
( )2. —What's your secret of writing so well
—I read a lot，and the works of Lu Xun had a strong ________ on me as a child.
A. difference
B. decision
C. influence
some
C
( )3. Humor is a type of language art，which brings a lot
of ________ and laughter to our daily life.
A.pleasure
B. success
C. pressure
A
二、微语境练。根据提示，用单词的正确形式填空。
Three 1. ________(student) raised some 2. ______ (money). They wanted to buy two 3. ______(pair) of shoes for a poor 4. _____(man). They got a lot of 5. ____(joy) from helping others.
students
money
pairs
man
joy
名词所有格是用来表示事物之间所属关系的一种用法，其使用规则可以分为以下两大类。
1. 有生命的名词，主要用's所有格。
(1)表示共同拥有，最后一个名词后加 's，
如Jane and Mary's bikes。
(2)表示各自拥有，每个名词后都加 's，
如Jane's and Mary's bikes。
(3)表示在某人家或公共场所(如商店、饭店、医院等)时，可省略 's后面的名词，如at my uncle's＝at my uncle's house，at the doctor's＝at the doctor's office(在诊所)。
2. 无生命的名词，主要用of所有格，但也有用's的固定用法。
3. 双重所有格，'s所有格与of所有格相结合。
一、语法巩固。
1. Doctors say too much pressure is not good for a _______
(child's/children's) development.
( )2. My parents took me to the amusement park on
________ Day. There were so many exciting things to do there.
A. Children's　
B. Children　
C. Child's
child's
A
( )3. —You have a nice house! Whose room is this
—It's ________.
A. Jack and Peter's　
B. Jack's and Peter's　
C. Jack and Peter
A
( )4.The students took _______ rest after playing football.
A. a few minute's
B. a few minutes'
C. a few minutes
B
二、微语境练。根据提示，用单词的正确形式填空。
Last month，I took a trip with two 1. _______(friend) of mine. We went to Shaoxing and paid a visit to 2. _________(Lu Xun) former residence(故居). A volunteer told us about the 3. _______(history) of the house. We had a good time there.
friends
Lu Xun's
history(共11张PPT)
直击中考
一、形容词和副词在完形(第二节)中的运用。
分析贵州(贵阳)近3年中考真题可知，在完形(第二节)中，形容词和副词考查10次，主要考查词汇复现法和语境推断法。
Yang Jun’ao is a 16 year old student from a middle school. He 1. ________ a lotus roots(莲藕) picking robot.
He often saw his grandmother working hard to pick lotus roots under the hot sun. Sometimes，his grandmother would badly 2. ______ her fingers by the tools.
( )1.A.bought B. invented C. borrowed
( )2.A.burn B. hide C. hurt
B
C
invented
hurt
To make things 3. ______ for his grandmother，Yang thought of creating a machine. With his teacher's help，Yang spent nearly a year building a model of it.
The robot moves on its own through the muddy(泥泞的) field. It can 4. ______ the right lotus roots according to the color of their leaves. After finding the right lotus roots，the robot’s arm then cuts them.
( )3.A.easier B. busier C. earlier
( )4.A.cut B. dig C. find
A
C
easier
find
Yang faced many 5. __________. He had to collect parts for the model and put them together with a special tool. “The first time I 6. ________ the tool，my hands were shaking，” Yang laughed. At first，he planned to use rotating blades(旋转叶片) for picking lotus roots. But it was hard to find them，so he used more common blades instead.
( )5.A.relations B. difficulties C. suggestions
( )6.A.tried out B. looked for C. threw away
B
A
difficulties
tried out
When Yang showed the machine to his grandmother，she was so 7. ______ and gave Yang many suggestions. She 8. _______ him to use the audio(音频的) player to show the machine's place.“My grandmother's suggestion gave me a 9. ______： Any technological invention must be useful and have true value，” said Yang.
( )7.A.nervous B. happy C. polite
( )8.A.sent B. forced C. advised
( )9.A.lesson B. call C. dream
B
C
A
happy
advised
lesson
Yang still needs to improve his invention. For example，he needs to find cheaper ways to make the machine. Then it can be used 10. ______ to help more people in his hometown. But his teacher still spoke highly of Yang’s creative thinking and his willingness to help his hometown.
( )10.A.clearly B. secretly C. widely
C
widely
二、形容词和副词在语法填空中的运用。
分析贵州(贵阳)近3年中考真题可知，在语法填空中，形容词和副词的考查点主要为原级且涉及词性转换。
We all heard the story of Nuwa repairing the sky with melted colored stones. Many years passed，and troubles broke out again. One of them was a big flood. It 1. ________(appear) in the Yellow River during the rule of Emperor Yao. The people gave up their 2. ________(village). The flood brought great damage to the 3. ________(people) lives. Emperor Yao felt 4. ______(sadness) for the suffering of the people. So he asked Gun to work out the problem. Gun led his team 5. _______(build) dikes(堤坝) to keep back the water，but they failed. Then Shun，the next emperor，ordered Gun's son Yu to continue with the work.
appeared
villages
people's
sad
to build
Yu found that it 6. _____(be) much more difficult than he had thought. But he fought against the great flood 7. ________(brave). For thirteen years，he put 8. ________ (him) to his work. He passed his house three times but he did not enter it. Getting the lesson from his father's failure，he used methods of channeling and dredging(挖道和疏浚) and controlled the flood. Finally，his effort was a big success. Yu 9. __________(choose) as the next emperor by Emperor Shun. The people called him “Yu the Great” because they thought what Yu did for them was great.
was
bravely
himself
was chosen
Yu won the trust of his emperor and the people. He was such a wise，strong minded and great person that we should learn from him. Many people 10. ____________ (learn) his story up to now.And we will remember him forever.
1. ________2. ________3. _______4. ____5. _______6. ____
7. ________8. ________9. ___________10. ____________
have learned
appeared
villages
people's　
sad
to build
was
bravely
himself
was chosen
have learned(共11张PPT)
专题十二　主谓一致
用单词的适当形式填空。
1. One of the main reasons ___(be) that Mickey was like a
common man，but he always tried to face any danger. (RJ8A U5)
温故知新：“one of ＋名词复数”作主语时，one是真正的主语，谓语动词用单数，即语法一致原则。
is
2. That's how people in Japan ____(be) expected to greet
each other. It's impolite if you don't bow. (RJ9全 U10)
温故知新：people为集体名词，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，即意义一致原则。
3. Here ___(be) one way to make turkey for a Thanksgiving
dinner. (RJ8A U8)
温故知新：谓语动词与最近的主语(one way)在人称和数上保持一致，即就近原则。
are
is
一、语法巩固。
1. There _____(be) parties and a sports day，and school
plays are really popular.
2. “Something _____(have) made that last leaf stay there.
It's wrong to want to die，” said Johnsy to Sue.
are
has
二、微语境练。根据提示，用单词的正确形式填空。
Jim has a problem. There 1. ____(be) only one television in the house. Jim as well as his brother 2. _____(like) watching TV. But they 3. ______(watch) different programs. One day，Jim noticed that his brother had been watching TV for a long time， so he said， “I think two hours of TV 4. ____(be) enough for you，and now it's my turn.” At first his brother disagreed. But as it happened，Jim's family
5. _____(be) at home，so they talked to his brother and invited him to play basketball together with them. Finally， everyone was happy.
is
likes
watch
is
were(共26张PPT)
专题五　数词
用数词的适当形式填空。
For __________(thousand) of tourists from China, this small island in Southeast Asia is a wonderful and safe place to take a holiday. (RJ8B U9)
温故知新：thousands of 意为“成千上万的”。
thousands
在贵州(贵阳)中考听力中，常考查数词。另外，在应用文和任务型阅读中也涉及数词。
常考的基数词考点：①时间；②数量、倍数、频率与度量单位；③价格；④年、月、日与世纪、年代；⑤年龄。
常考的序数词考点：①分数；②表示顺序、某人的生日等其他用法。
1～10
基数词 序数词 序数词缩写
one ______ 1st
two ________ 2nd
three ______ 3rd
four fourth 4th
five fifth 5th
six sixth 6th
first
second
third
seven seventh 7th
eight eighth 8th
nine ninth 9th
ten tenth 10th
11～20
基数词 序数词 序数词缩写
eleven *eleventh 11th
twelve twelfth 12th
thirteen *thirteenth 13th
fourteen *fourteenth 14th
fifteen *fifteenth 15th
sixteen *sixteenth 16th
seventeen *seventeenth 17th
eighteen *eighteenth 18th
nineteen *nineteenth 19th
twenty twentieth 20th
整十、整百
基数词 序数词 序数词缩写 基数词 序数词 序数词缩写
thirty *thirtieth 30th seventy *seventieth 70th
forty *fortieth 40th eighty *eightieth 80th
fifty *fiftieth 50th ninety *ninetieth 90th
sixty *sixtieth 60th hundred *hundredth 100th
用法 例子
前面有数字，后不加 s five hundred people 五百个人
后接of时，要加 s ____________(数以百计的)，____________ (数以千计的)，billions of(数以亿计的)，hundreds of students(数百名学生)，
millions of years(几百万年)
hundreds of
thousands of
序数词前冠词的用法
1. 序数词表示顺序时，前面通常要加定冠词。
例如：The second resolution is about improving my physical health. 第二个决心是关于改善我的身体健康。
2. 序数词修饰可数名词单数，表示“再一；又一”，前面用
不定冠词。
例如：That's why it's important to learn a second language. 这就是为什么学习第二语言很重要。
3. 序数词前面有名词所有格、形容词性物主代词或指示代
词修饰时，不用冠词。
例如：Alice wanted a doll for her third birthday.
艾丽斯三岁生日想要一个洋娃娃。
1. 将下列时间与其对应英语表达连线。
9：00　　　　　 nine o'clock
7：22 ten to eleven
8：45 a quarter to nine
10：50 half past eleven
11：30 twenty two past seven
2. 读英文，写时间。
(1)five past ten _______
(2)a quarter past eleven _______
(3)five to eleven _______
(4)ten to nine _______
(5)half past seven _______
总结：在贵州(贵阳)中考听力中，关于时间的数词主要考查顺读法和逆读法、数字与英文听写的转换。学生需掌握有关时间的基数词表达法，做题时比较选项的异同，抓住关键词，从而得出答案。
10：05
11：15
10：55
8：50
7：30
倍数的表达 一倍＝_____ 两倍＝_____ 三倍及以上＝基数词＋times
价格的表达 18美元＝18 dollars ($ 18) 20英镑＝20 pounds (￡ 20) 22元＝22 yuan (￥ 22)
度量单位的表达 1厘米＝1 centimeter 3英尺＝3 feet 2英寸＝2 inches
9米深＝ 9 meters deep 10米宽＝10 meters wide 11米长＝
11 meters long
6千米＝ 6 kilometers (km) 4千克＝4 kilograms (kg) 5磅＝5 pounds
once
twice
1. 月份的表达法。
1月：January(Jan.) 4月：_____(Apr.) 7月：July(Jul.) 10月：October(Oct.)
2月： ________(Feb.) 5月：May(May) 8月：August(Aug.) 11月：_________(Nov.)
3月：March(Mar.) 6月：June(Jun.) 9月： __________ (Sep./Sept.) 12月：December(Dec.)
February
April
September
November
2. 年、月、日的表达法。
日期 写法 读法
1998年4月 in April，1998 in April，nineteen ninety eight 表示“在某月”用“in＋月份”，月份的首字母要大写；只有年、月时用in；年、月、日都有时用on
1998年4月2日 on April 2/2nd，1998 on April the second，nineteen ninety eight
on 2/2nd April，1998 on the second of April，nineteen ninety eight
3. 年代、世纪的表达法。
日期 写法 读法
在19世纪 in the 19th century in the nineteenth century
在19世纪30年代 in the 1830s in the eighteen thirties
公元前106年 106 BCE one hundred and six BCE
公元235年 235 CE two hundred and thirty five CE
1. “基数词＋year(s) old”表示“……岁”。
此结构常作表语。例如：Tom is ten years old. 汤姆十岁了。
2. “at the age of＋基数词”表示“在某人……岁时”。
此结构常作状语。例如：I could swim at the age of ten. 我十岁时就会游泳了。
3. “基数词－year/month/day－old”构成复合形容词，表示
“……岁/月/天的”。
此结构常用作定语，year/month/day用单数形式。
例如：A three year old boy is playing on the grass. 一个三岁的男孩正在草地上玩耍。
4. “in one's＋基数词(整十数)的复数” 表示 “在某人……多岁时”。
例如： The scientist invented a new machine in his fifties.
这位科学家在他五十多岁的时候发明了一台新机器。
1. 百分数先读基数词，再读百分号。
例如：3% 读作three percent。
2. 小数的读法为小数点前面按照基数词读，小数点后面按
照数本身的读法读。
例如：78.98 读作seventy-eight point nine eight。
英语中，编号的表达法为：名词(首字母大写)＋基数词(首字母大写)＝the＋序数词(首字母小写)＋名词(首字母小写)＝名词(首字母大写)＋阿拉伯数字。例如：
Page One＝the first page＝Page 1(第一页)
1. 序数词表示顺序时， 其前面常有定冠词the; 序数词与不
定冠词a/an连用， 表示 “又一； 再一”。例如：
Though I have failed three times，I want to try a fourth time. 尽管我已经失败三次了， 但我还想再试一次。
2. 表示“某人的几岁生日”时，用“one's＋序数词＋
birthday”。当序数词前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格
修饰时，序数词前不用the。例如：
Today is my grandfather's sixtieth birthday.
今天是我爷爷的六十岁生日。
分数由基数词和序数词表示：分子为基数词，分母为序数词。当分子大于1时，分母加 s。例如：
分数作主语时， 谓语动词要根据分数后的名词来决定：如果是不可数名词或可数名词单数，用单数；如果是可数名词复数，则用复数。例如：
1. Two thirds of this one meter long rope is blue.
这条一米长的绳子的三分之二是蓝色的。
2. Four fifths of the water was drunk by the children.
五分之四的水被孩子们喝了。
3. One third of the students in our class have been to the
Great Wall.
我们班三分之一的学生去过长城。
一、语法巩固。
1. On ________(first/the first) night，we just sat under the
moon and told each other stories.
( )2. —When was the Communist Party of China founded
—In 1921. It was her ________ birthday in 2021.
A. hundred　　　
B. hundredth　　　
C. the hundredth
the first
B
( )3. The number of the fans going to this concert is
about three ________.
And ________ of them are girls.
A. thousand; two third　　　
B. thousands; two thirds
C. thousand; two thirds
C
二、微语境练。请从方框内选择适当的词，并根据需要用其正确形式填空。
hundred　four 　March　seven　forty seventh　
Tree Planting Day is on 1. ______ 12th. It is the
2. ____________ Tree Planting Day. On that day，we don't have classes. Students from Grade 3. ______ need to plant trees around our school. This year，our school bought three 4. ________ trees，and 5. ______ fifths of them are young trees. It's a fun day and it teaches us to care for the environment.
March
forty seventh
Seven
hundred
four

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