资源简介 Unit 1和Unit 2期末复习学案/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)一、核心词形变换1、program v. 编写程序;n. 程序 → programmer n. 程序员2、express v. 表达;表示 → expression n. 表达;表情3、instructor n. 教练;指导者 → instruct v. 指导;教授 → instruction n. 指示;指导4、scared adj. 害怕的;对…… 感到惊慌的 → scare v. 使害怕;惊吓→ scary adj. 吓人的;可怕的5、manage v. 完成(困难的事);管理 → management n. 管理;经营 → manager n. 经理;管理者6、stress n. 精神压力;紧张→ stressed adj. 焦虑的;紧张 → stressful adj. 有压力的;紧张的7、achievement n. 成就;成绩 → achieve v. 实现;获得8、foreign adj. 外国的;国外的 → foreigner n. 外国人9、suggestion n. 建议;提议 → suggest v. 建议10、failure n. 失败 → fail v. 失败11、surprisingly adv. 出人意料地;惊人地 → surprising adj. 令人惊讶的 → surprise v. 使惊讶;n. 惊讶 12、importantly adv. 重要地 → important adj. 重要的;重大的 → unimportantly adv. 不重要地13、stomach n. 胃;腹部 → stomachache n. 胃痛;肚子疼14、press v. 压;按;挤;推 → pressure n. 压力;压迫15、careless adj. 不小心的;粗心的 → carelessness n. 粗心→care n. 关心,在意16、medicine n. 药;医学 → medical adj. 医学的;医疗的17、description n. 描写;形容 → describe v. 描述;形容18、patient n. 病人;adj. 有耐心的 → patience n. 耐心;忍耐 → patiently adv. 耐心地19、illness n. 疾病 → ill adj. 生病的;坏的20、knife n.刀 →knives (pl.)21、safety n. 安全;安全处所 → safe adj. 安全的;可靠的 → safely adv. 安全地;平安地22、clear adj. 清晰的;清楚的;v. 清理 → clearly adv. 清晰地;明显地23、pain n. 疼痛;痛苦 → painful adj. 疼痛的;痛苦的24、brightness n. 亮度 → bright adj. 明亮的;聪明的 → brightly adv. 明亮地;鲜明地25、cross v. 穿越;横过;交叉 →across adv.在对过;在对面;横过 prep.穿过26、happily adv. 快乐地;高兴地 → happy adj. 快乐的;幸福的 → happiness n. 幸福;快乐27、quick adj. 快的;迅速的;adv. 迅速地;快速地 → quickly adv. 迅速地;很快地28、sadly adv. 伤心地;令人遗憾地 → sad adj. 悲伤的;难过的 → sadness n. 悲伤;难过29、luckily adv. 幸运地 → unluckily adv. 不幸运地 → lucky adj. 幸运的;侥幸的30、badly adv.严重地 → worse (比较级)→ worst (最高级)→ bad adj. 坏的;糟糕的31、harm n. & v. 伤害;损害 → harmful adj. 有害的;致伤的 → harmless adj. 无害的;无恶意的32、shock n. 震惊;令人震惊的事;v. 使震惊;使惊愕 → shocking adj. 令人震惊的;可怕的 → shocked adj. 震惊的;震撼的33、leed v.流血;出血 → blood n. 血;血液34、nervously adv. 紧张不安地 → nervous adj. 紧张的;焦虑的【小试牛刀】一、根据单词首字母、或汉语提示写单词填空。1.Doing yoga helps me r________ stress after a busy school day.【答案】reduce【详解】句意:做瑜伽能帮助我在忙碌的一天学习后缓解压力。空格前“helps me”后接动词原形,结合“Doing yoga”和“stress”可知,此处是指做瑜伽可以缓解压力,首字母r对应动词reduce,用动词原形即可。2.I like painting because it helps me to e________ how I feel.【答案】express【详解】句意:我喜欢画画,因为它帮助我表达我的感受。空格前有 “helps me to”,结合短语“help sb to do”意为“帮助某人做某事”,提示此处应填入动词原形,且首字母为 “e”。根据句意,画画帮助我“表达”感受,express“表达”,故填express。3.Mike got a great d________ on the camera during the black Friday sale.【答案】deal【详解】句意:迈克在黑色星期五促销活动中买到了物美价廉的相机。结合给出的首字母d,以及购物促销的语境,可知此空填deal,意为“交易;划算买卖”;固定搭配:get a great deal“买到便宜货、捡大便宜”,空前有不定冠词a,故用单数形式。4.You can’t make progress in your studies without m________ your time well.【答案】managing【详解】句意:如果不管理好你的时间,你就不能在学习上取得进步。根据“You can’t make progress in your studies”和“your time well”,以及首字母提示,可知,manage符合语境,意为“管理;安排”,是动词,without是介词,介词后接动名词,manage的动名词形式是managing。5.Fu Xing used to be s________ of water, but she started swimming to get over her fear.【答案】scared【详解】句意:傅星过去怕水,但她为了克服恐惧开始游泳。根据“of water”和“toget over her fear”以及首字母提示可知,此处表示害怕水,be scared of意为“害怕”,used to be后接形容词。因此填scared。6.The rules ________ (允许) students to bring their own water bottles to class.【答案】allow【详解】句意:这些规定允许学生带自己的水瓶到课堂上。“允许”对应的英文是allow,动词;句子主语The rules为复数,时态为一般现在时,因此用动词原形allow。7.She made a ________ (建议) that we should go hiking together.【答案】suggestion【详解】句意:她提出了一个我们应该一起去远足的建议。根据汉语提示“建议”,且前面有不定冠词“a”,可知此处需填可数名词单数形式。suggestion为可数名词,意为“建议”,符合语境。8.Doing yoga can help reduce ________ (压力).【答案】stress【详解】句意:做瑜伽可以帮助减轻压力。根据括号内的中文提示“压力”,对应的英文单词是stress,它是不可数名词,在句中作动词reduce的宾语,符合“reduce stress(减轻压力)”的常用搭配。9.She is learning to ________ (编程) because she wants to create an app.【答案】program【详解】句意:她正在学习编程,因为她想开发一款应用程序。动词learn后接动词时,要用动词不定式to+动词原形,根据汉语提示可知,program表示“编程”。故填program。10.We felt so nervous before the competition that our ________ (腹部) were turning over.【答案】stomachs【详解】句意:比赛前我们非常紧张,肚子里翻江倒海。空格前“our”后接名词,“腹部”对应的名词是stomach;结合空格后“were”,主语应为复数形式,应使用stomachs。11.I learned a lot about Chinese ________ (历史) from it.【答案】history【详解】句意:我从中学到了很多关于中国历史的知识。“历史”的英文为history,不可数名词。12.It was a ________ (令人痛苦的) experience for Sarah to lose someone she loved.【答案】painful【详解】句意:对Sarah来说,失去她爱的人是一段令人痛苦的经历。句中“experience”是名词,前面需要用形容词来修饰;“令人痛苦的”对应的英文单词是painful,是形容词,此处作定语。13.It was c________ of me to leave the door open. I won’t make the same mistake again.【答案】careless【详解】句意:我把门开着,真是太粗心了。我不会再犯同样的错误了。句中“was”后接形容词作表语,结合“I won’t make the same mistake again.”及首字母为c可知,应是说把门开着是粗心的行为,careless“粗心的”,符合语境。14.She held her exam paper n___________ and was afraid to look at the score.【答案】nervously【详解】句意:她紧张地拿着试卷,不敢看分数。根据首字母提示和“was afraid to look at the score.”可知,她害怕看分数,说明是紧张地拿着试卷,副词nervously“紧张地”符合语境。15.He had a serious i_________ and coughed badly last week.【答案】illness【详解】句意:上周他得了重病,咳嗽得很厉害。句中a后接可数名词单数,结合后半句“咳嗽厉害的症状”及首字母提示,此处表示“疾病”,应用单词illness。二、用所给单词的适当形式填空16.________, (surprise) he passed the difficult exam at last.【答案】Surprisingly【详解】句意:令人惊讶的是,他最终通过了那次困难的考试。根据空格后逗号及句意,需填副词作状语,修饰整个句子。surprise的副词形式是surprisingly“令人惊讶地”,位于句首首字母大写。17.He hurt ________ (him) when he fell off the bike yesterday.【答案】himself【详解】句意:昨天他从自行车上摔下来时伤到了自己。句中主语为he,动作hurt作用于主语自身,需使用反身代词。him对应的反身代词为himself。18.My deskmate always ________ (expression) her opinions bravely and never hides her true feelings.【答案】expresses【详解】句意:我的同桌总是勇敢地表达她的观点,从不隐藏真实感受。句中“always”表示经常性动作,应该用一般现在时;主语“My deskmate”为第三人称单数,谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。括号所给“expression”为名词,此处需用其动词形式“express”,其第三人称单数形式为expresses。19.You shouldn’t say ________ (hurt) things to your mother.【答案】hurtful【详解】句意:你不应该对你妈妈说伤人的话。空后是名词things,需要用形容词来修饰事物,动词hurt的形容词形式为hurtful,意为“伤人的、令人痛苦的”。20.The teenager stopped ________ (collect) stamps because he lost interest in it.【答案】collecting【详解】句意:这个青少年停止集邮,因为他对它失去了兴趣。括号内单词提示为“collect”,词性为动词。句中动词“stop”后接动名词作宾语构成“stop doing sth.”的固定搭配,意为停止做某事,因此“collect”需要变为动名词形式“collecting”。21.We know the ________ (important) of keeping healthy.【答案】importance【详解】句意:我们知道保持健康的重要性。根据“the ... of keeping healthy”可知,此处是“the+名词+of”结构,表示“……的……”,所以空处应填不可数名词importance。22.________ (lucky), no one got hurt in the sudden accident in our neighborhood.【答案】Luckily【详解】句意:幸运的是,在我们社区突发的事故中没有人受伤。所给词lucky为形容词,此处需要副词修饰整个句子,lucky的副词形式为luckily,句首首字母大写。23.The zoo needed better ________ (manage) rather than more money.【答案】management/managers【详解】句意:这个动物园需要更好的管理/管理者而不是更多的钱。空格前的形容词better后需要用名词,所以动词manage变成名词形式为不可数名词management(管理),或可数名词manager(管理者)。故填management/managers。24.I’m suffering from a terrible ________. (tooth)【答案】toothache【详解】句意:我正遭受严重的牙痛之苦。句中“suffer from”其后通常接表示疾病或疼痛的名词。结合形容词“terrible”和冠词“a”,此处应填入表示“牙痛”的名词“toothache”,构成“have/suffer from a toothache”的常用表达。故填toothache。25.Mr. Wang gave us a clear ________ (describe) about his life in the past.【答案】description【详解】句意:王先生给我们清晰地描述了他过去的生活。句中不定冠词a和形容词clear后需接名词,提示此处应将动词describe转化为名词形式。结合语境,对应的名词是description(意为“描述”)。26.She waited ________ for her turn to speak in front of the whole class. (nervous)【答案】nervously【详解】句意:她紧张地等着轮到自己在全班同学面前发言。空格修饰动词waited,修饰动词要用副词,应用nervous的副词形式nervously。故填nervously。27.He made a few mistakes in his homework. He was seldom that ________. (care)【答案】careless【详解】句意:他在作业中犯了一些错误。他很少粗心。前半句中made为make的过去式,提示句子时态为一般过去时,be动词后接形容词作表语,careless意为“粗心的”,故填careless。28.We should learn to protect ________ (we) when doing sport to avoid getting hurt.【答案】ourselves【详解】句意:运动时我们应该学会保护自己以免受伤。 protect oneself意为“保护自己”,主语是we,对应的反身代词为ourselves。29.You could change your screen’s ________ (bright) to try and match your environment.【答案】brightness【详解】句意:你可以调整屏幕的亮度,来适应周围的环境。空前为名词所有格“screen’s”,后面需要接名词,括号单词的名词形式在之后直接加ness,故填brightness。30.Before leaving the kitchen, make sure the gas is turned off for your ________. (safe)【答案】safety【详解】句意:离开厨房前,确保煤气已关,为了你的安全。空格前为your,需填名词。safe的名词形式为safety,意为“安全”。31.In Western countries, people usually use ________ and forks to eat food. (knife)【答案】knives【详解】句意:在西方国家,人们通常使用刀和叉子吃东西。forks是可数名词复数,前后并列结构需保持形式一致。knife意为“刀”,变为复数需把fe改为v再加es,变为knives。32.More and more people in the countryside have received free _________ (medicine) support.【答案】medical【详解】句意:越来越多的农村人得到了免费医疗支持。空处修饰名词support,用形容词medical“医疗的”,作定语。33.He didn’t go to school because of his serious ________ (ill) today.【答案】illness【详解】句意:他今天因为严重的疾病没有去上学。句中“his serious”为物主代词和形容词,修饰名词。ill的名词形式为illness,意为“疾病”,是不可数名词。短语 释义 短语 释义Unit 1核心短语give up 放弃 scared of 害怕; 恐惧get over 克服(困难); 解决(问题) up to 正在做;由某人决定in return 作为回报 get into 开始做某事; 进入give it a go 试一试某事 once in a while 偶尔地; 间或go on an outing 出外游玩 dream of 梦想; 希望so far 到目前为止Unit 2核心短语suffer from 受苦;受折磨 catch fire 着火take a seat 坐下 no way 不可能;没门take one's temperature 给某人量体温 on fire 着火;起火stop ... from doing 防止......;阻止...... be about to 即将;正要(做某事 )what's more 更有甚者;更为重要的是 stop short 突然停住turn on 接通(电流、煤气、水等);打开 first aid 急救eat out 上馆子吃饭;在外用餐 from now on 从现在起【小试牛刀】一、完成句子1.我可以教你唱歌来作为回报。I can teach you to sing a song ________ ________.【答案】 in return【详解】原句中“作为回报”是关键词,表示“作为回报”的英文是in return,是介词短语,作状语。2.我们鼓励他们讲述自己生活中的故事。We encouraged them ________ ________ stories from their own lives.【答案】 to tell【详解】原句中“讲述”是关键词,表示“讲述故事”的短语是tell stories。本句考查固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth.(鼓励某人做某事),空格处需填动词不定式。又因主句谓语encouraged为一般过去时,to后接动词原形。3.只要不放弃,久而久之你就会做得越来越好。As long as you don’t ________ ________, you’ll get better at it over time.【答案】 give up【详解】原句中“放弃”是关键词,“放弃”的常用英语短语是give up,句中don’t为助动词,后面需接动词原形;题目设有两个空格,正好对应give和up两个词。4.在我们的日常生活中,有很多方法可以克服你的恐惧。In our daily life, there are many ways to ________ ________ your fear.【答案】 get over【详解】原句中“克服”是关键词,表示“克服”的短语是get over。本句中to为不定式符号,后接动词原形。故填get;over。5.他不知道如何应对压力。He doesn’t know how to ________ ________ stress.【答案】 deal with【详解】原句中“应对”是关键词,表示“应对、处理”的常用短语是deal with和do with。本句为“how to”引导的不定式结构,后接动词原形;根据固定搭配用法,deal with常与how搭配使用,符合本句结构。6.由我来决定周末去哪里——要么去公园,要么去图书馆。It’s ________ ________ me to decide where to go on weekends — either the park or the library.【答案】 up to【详解】原句中“由……来决定”是关键词,对应的英文常用表达是“be up to”。7.我的老师不允许我上课玩手机。My teacher doesn’t ________ me ________ ________ phones in class.【答案】 allow to play【详解】原句中“允许某人做某事”是关键词,“允许某人做某事” 的固定搭配是“allow sb. to do sth.”。doesn’t后接动词原形,因此①处填allow;②处为不定式符号to;“玩手机”对应play phones,故③处填play。故填allow;to;play。8.你应该自己完成作业。You should finish your homework ________ ________.【答案】 by yourself【详解】原句中“自己”是关键词,表示“独自、自己做”的短语是by oneself;主语是You,对应的反身代词是yourself。9.很多游客更喜爱花时间在外用餐。Most tourists prefer to spend their time ________ ________.【答案】 eating out【详解】原句中“在外用餐”是关键词,对应的英文固定短语是eat out。spend time (in) doing sth.,意为“花费时间做某事”。在此结构中,动词需要使用动名词形式(-ing 形式),介词in通常省略。因此动词eat变为eating,与out连用,正好填入两个空格。10.我爷爷患有关节炎。他走路很困难。My grandfather ________ ________ arthritis. It’s hard for him to walk.【答案】 suffers from【详解】原句中“患有”是关键词,对应的固定短语是“suffers from”,句子描述爷爷当前的身体状况,应用一般现在时;主语“My grandfather”是第三人称单数,谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式“suffers”,符合“爷爷患有关节炎”的语义。11.如果你发烧了,你应该量体温。If you have a ________, you should ________ your temperature.【答案】 fever take【详解】原句中“发烧”和“量体温”是关键词,表示“发烧”的短语是have a fever,其中fever“发烧”,名词;“量体温”对应短语take one’s temperature,空格前“should”后接动词原形take。12.而且,兴趣爱好能让我开心。________ ________, hobbies can make me happy.【答案】 What’s more【详解】原句中“而且”是关键词,表示“而且”的短语是What’s more,位于句首,首字母需要大写。1、express【用法讲解】express作动词,意为“表达;表示”。【构词法】expression n. 表达;表情【常用结构】①express oneself 表达自己的想法/情感②express thanks/doubt 表达感谢/怀疑③express your opinion表达你的观点【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. It’s important for children to learn how to ______ themselves clearly in public.A. express B. explain C. expect D. excuse【答案】A【详解】句意:对孩子们来说,学会如何在公共场合清晰地表达自己很重要。考查动词辨析和固定搭配。express oneself意为“表达自己的想法/情感”,是固定短语。explain解释;expect期待;excuse原谅。故选A。二:完成句子1. 在会议上,他大胆地表达了自己的观点。At the meeting, he bravely ______ his ______.【答案】expressed;opinion【详解】句意:在会议上,他大胆地表达了自己的观点。express one's opinion意为“表达某人的观点”,描述过去用一般过去时。故填expressed;opinion。2、give up【用法讲解】give up意为“放弃;戒除;认输”。可以指放弃做某事、放弃某物,或投降。【易错点】give up是“动词+副词”短语,接代词作宾语时放在中间:give it up(放弃它),不要写成give up it。 后面接动词时要用动名词形式。【常用结构】①give up doing sth. 放弃做某事例句:She gave up learning the piano because it was too hard.(她因为太难而放弃了学钢琴。)【易混短语辨析】give up 与 give ingive up 指主动放弃努力或习惯;give in 指屈服、让步例句:He gave in to the pressure and changed his plan.(他屈服于压力改变了计划。)【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. Smoking is bad for your health. You should ______.A. give it up B. give up it C. give it in D. give in it【答案】A【详解】句意:吸烟有害健康,你应该戒掉它。考查短语辨析和代词位置。give up意为“放弃,戒除”,代词作宾语必须放在中间;give in意为“屈服”。it指代smoking,放在give up中间。故选A。2. My father finally gave up ______ after the doctor’s serious warning.A. smoke B. smoked C. smoking D. to smoke【答案】C【详解】句意:在医生的严重警告后,我父亲终于戒烟了。考查固定用法。give up doing sth.意为“放弃做某事”,后接动名词。故选C。二:完成句子1. 她因为太忙而放弃了学画画。She ______ ______ learning painting because she was too busy.【答案】gave up【详解】句意:她因为太忙而放弃了学画画。give up doing sth.意为“放弃做某事”,描述过去用一般过去时。故填gave;up。3、scared【用法讲解】scared作形容词,意为“害怕的;恐惧的”。描述人感到恐惧的心理状态,通常用来修饰人。【构词法】scare v. 使害怕scary adj. 令人害怕的【常用结构】①be scared of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某物例句:Many kids are scared of the dark.(许多小孩怕黑。)②be scared to do sth. 害怕做某事例句:He was scared to tell his parents the truth.(他不敢告诉父母真相。)【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. Many children are scared ______ the dark when they are little.A. of B. with C. for D. at【答案】A【详解】句意:许多孩子小时候都怕黑。考查固定搭配。be scared of sb./sth.意为“害怕某人/某物”。故选A。二:用所给单词的适当形式填空1. The little girl was ______ (scare) to sleep alone in her room.【答案】scared【详解】句意:那个小女孩害怕独自在房间里睡觉。be scared to do sth.意为“害怕做某事”,scared是形容词。故填scared。三:完成句子1. 很多孩子怕黑。Many kids ______ ______ ______ the dark.【答案】are scared of【详解】句意:很多孩子怕黑。be scared of sb./sth.意为“害怕某人/某物”,主语是复数,用are。故填are;scared;of。4、get over【用法讲解】get over意为“克服(困难); 解决(问题)”。常指战胜困难或从不愉快中恢复过来。【常用结构】①get over sth. 克服/恢复某事例句:He finally got over the loss of his pet.(他终于从失去宠物的悲痛中走了出来。)②get over doing sth. 克服做某事的障碍【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. It took her a long time to ______ the death of her grandmother.A. get up B. get over C. get off D. get on【答案】B【详解】句意:她花了很长时间才从祖母去世的悲痛中走出来。考查动词短语。get over意为“克服,从……中恢复过来”;get up起床;get off下车;get on上车。根据句意选B。2. —How can I ______ my fear of speaking English in public —Practice makes perfect.A. get on B. get off C. get over D. get into【答案】C【详解】句意:——我怎样才能克服在公共场合说英语的恐惧?——熟能生巧。get over意为“克服(困难、恐惧等)”,符合语境。故选C。二:完成句子1. 他终于克服了害羞,交了很多朋友。He finally ______ ______ his shyness and made many friends.【答案】got over【详解】句意:他终于克服了害羞,交了很多朋友。get over意为“克服”,描述过去用一般过去时。故填got;over。5、What are you up to 你在做什么呢 (1)up to【用法讲解】up to有多种含义:意为“忙于;正在做某事”;“由……决定”;“达到(数量或程度)”;“直到”。例句:What are you up to this weekend (你这周末打算做什么?)It's up to you to decide.(由你来决定。)The room can hold up to 50 people.(这个房间最多能容纳50人。)【常用结构】①be up to sth. 正在做某事(常指秘密或不好的事)例句:The kids are very quiet. They must be up to something.(孩子们这么安静,一定在搞什么名堂。)②up to sb. 由某人决定例句:Whether we go or not is up to you.(我们去不去由你决定。)【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. —What are you ______ this weekend —I’m going to visit my grandparents.A. up to B. up for C. up in D. up on【答案】A【详解】句意:——你这个周末打算做什么?——我要去拜访我的祖父母。考查固定搭配。be up to意为“正在做某事,忙于某事”。故选A。二:完成句子1. 这个教室最多能容纳60名学生。This classroom can hold ______ ______ 60 students.【答案】up to【详解】句意:这个教室最多能容纳60名学生。up to意为“达到(数量或程度),多达”。故填up;to。2. 那些孩子太安静了,一定在搞什么名堂。The kids are too quiet. They must be ______ ______ something.【答案】up to【详解】句意:那些孩子太安静了,一定在搞什么名堂。be up to sth.意为“正在做某事(常指秘密或不好的事)”。故填up;to。6、I can teach you to play a song in return.作为回报,我可以教你弹首歌。(1)return【用法讲解】return作动词,意为“返回;归还;回复”。作名词,意为“归还;回报”。【常用结构】①return to + 地点 返回到某地例句:She returned to her hometown after many years.(多年后她回到了家乡。)②return sth. to sb. 把某物归还给某人例句:You should return the money to its owner.(你应该把钱还给失主。)③ in return 作为回报例句:In return, I can help you improve your English. (作为回报,我可以帮助你的英文。)【易混词辨析】return 与 give back / come backreturn 较正式,可作及物或不及物;give back 只作及物,意为“归还”;come back 只作不及物,意为 “回来”。例句:He came back late.(他回来晚了。)Give back my pen.(还我钢笔。)【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. Could you please return the book ______ the library this afternoon A. back B. to C. for D. with【答案】B【详解】句意:你能今天下午把书还回图书馆吗?考查固定搭配。return sth. to sb./sp.意为“把某物归还给某人/某地”。故选B。二:完成句子1. 他帮我搬家,作为回报,我给他做了晚餐。He helped me move, and _____ __________ I cooked him dinner.【答案】in return【详解】句意:他帮我搬家,作为回报,我给他做了晚餐。。in return意为“作为回报”,故填returned;to。7、It’s a deal! 说定了!(1)deal【用法讲解】deal作名词,意为“交易;协议”;作动词,意为“处理;应对”。还可表示“大量”。【构词法】dealer n. 商人【常用结构】①deal with 处理;应对;涉及例句:How do you deal with stress (你如何应对压力?)②a good/great deal of + 不可数名词 大量……例句:She spent a great deal of money on clothes.(她花了很多钱买衣服。)【易混词辨析】deal with 与 do withdeal with常与how连用;do with常与what连用。例句:I know how to deal with the problem.(我知道如何处理这个问题。)What did you do with the problem (你怎么处理这个问题?)【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. Can you tell me how to deal ______ the trouble with my old computer A. of B. with C. about D. to【答案】B【详解】句意:你能告诉我怎么处理我旧电脑的故障吗?考查固定搭配。deal with意为“处理,应对”,常与how连用。故选B。二:完成句子1. 我不知道如何处理这个问题。I don’t know how to ______ ______ the problem.【答案】deal with【详解】句意:我不知道如何处理这个问题。deal with意为“处理”,与how搭配。故填deal;with。8、manage【用法讲解】manage作动词,意为“完成(困难的事); 管理”。【构词法】manager n. 经理management n. 管理【常用结构】①manage to do sth. 设法做成某事(强调结果成功)例句:I managed to get two tickets to the concert.(我设法弄到了两张音乐会门票。)【易混词辨析】manage 与 try / succeedmanage to do = succeed in doing 成功做成;try to do 尝试做(不一定成功)。例句:He tried to open the door but failed.(他试着开门但没打开。)He managed to open it.(他成功打开了。)【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. Though the box was heavy, Tom ______ to carry it upstairs by himself.A. tried B. managed C. wanted D. hoped【答案】B【详解】句意:尽管箱子很重,汤姆还是自己设法把它搬上了楼。考查动词辨析。manage to do sth.意为“设法做成某事”,强调结果成功;try to do意为“尝试做”,不一定成功。根据句意可知成功了。故选B。二:用所给单词的适当形式填空1. The ______ (manage) of the company decided to hire more workers.【答案】management【详解】句意:公司管理层决定雇佣更多工人。the后接名词作主语,management意为“管理层”。故填management。三:完成句子1. 他成功地从大火中逃了出来。He ______ ______ escape from the big fire.【答案】managed to【详解】句意:他成功地从大火中逃了出来。manage to do sth.意为“设法做成某事”,描述过去用一般过去时。故填managed;to。9、How did you get into painting 你是怎么开始画画的 (1)get into【用法讲解】get into意为“进入;陷入(麻烦等);开始从事;对……产生兴趣”。【常用结构】①get into trouble 陷入麻烦例句:He got into trouble for being late.(他因为迟到惹上了麻烦。)②get into the habit of 养成……习惯例句:You should get into the habit of reading every day.(你应该养成每天阅读的习惯。)【易混短语辨析】get into 与 get inget into 强调“进入”的过程或较封闭的空间;get in 可指进入车/房间等。例句:Get in the car!(上车!)也可说 Get into the car.【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. If you keep breaking school rules, you will ______ trouble.A. get into B. get on C. get over D. get off【答案】A【详解】句意:如果你不断违反校规,你会惹上麻烦的。考查动词短语。get into trouble意为“陷入麻烦”,是固定搭配。故选A。2. It’s important to ______ the habit of planning your time wisely.A. get into B. get on C. get over D. get off【答案】A【详解】句意:养成合理规划时间的习惯很重要。考查固定搭配。get into the habit of doing sth.意为“养成……的习惯”。故选A。10、once in a while【用法讲解】once in a while意为“偶尔;间或”。表示频率不高,但有时会发生。单独使用,作时间状语。例句:Once in a while, we eat out at a nice restaurant.(我们偶尔去好一点的餐厅吃饭。)【易混短语辨析】once in a while 与 from time to time意思相近,可互换。once in a while 稍口语化。例句:From time to time, I think about the past.(我时不时会想起过去。)【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. ______, it’s nice to do something different from our daily routine.A. Once in a while B. All at once C. Right away D. At once【答案】A【详解】句意:偶尔做一些不同于日常的事是很不错的。考查短语辨析。once in a while偶尔;all at once突然;right away立刻;at once马上。根据句意选A。二:完成句子1. 我们偶尔在外面吃饭。We eat out ______ ______ ______ ______.【答案】once in a while【详解】句意:我们偶尔在外面吃饭。once in a while意为“偶尔,间或”,作状语。故填once;in;a;while。11、reduce【用法讲解】reduce作动词,意为“减少;降低;缩小”。指使数量、程度、尺寸、价格等变小或变少。【词形,词性变化】reduction n. 减少【常用结构】①reduce sth. to... 减少到……(跟具体数值)例句:The speed was reduced to 50 kilometers per hour.(速度降到了每小时50公里。)②reduce sth. by... 减少了……(跟差值)例句:The company reduced its costs by 20%.(公司减少了20%的成本。)【常见短语】reduce stress 减压reduce speed 减速reduce waste 减少浪费【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. To protect the environment, we should try to ______ the amount of plastic waste.A. increase B. recycle C. reduce D. produce【答案】C【详解】句意:为了保护环境,我们应该尽力减少塑料垃圾的数量。考查动词辨析。reduce减少;increase增加;recycle回收;produce生产。根据protect the environment可知是减少。故选C。2. The price of the TV was reduced ______ 3,000 yuan from 3,500 yuan.A. to B. by C. at D. for【答案】A【详解】句意:电视的价格从3500元降到了3000元。考查介词搭配。reduce to意为“减少到……”,后接具体数值。reduce by意为“减少了……”,后接差值。3,000 yuan是最终价格,用to。故选A。二:完成句子1. 为了减压,我经常听音乐。To ______ ______, I often listen to music.【答案】reduce stress【详解】句意:为了减压,我经常听音乐。reduce stress意为“减压”。故填reduce;stress。12、allow【用法讲解】allow作动词,意为“允许;准许”。还可用作“使……能够”。【常用结构】①allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事例句:The teacher allows us to use dictionaries.(老师允许我们使用词典。)②allow doing sth. 允许做某事(不指明谁做)例句:The school doesn't allow smoking on campus.(学校不允许在校园内吸烟。)【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. My parents don’t allow me ______ out late on school nights.A. stay B. staying C. to stay D. stayed【答案】C【详解】句意:我父母不允许我在上学日晚上在外面待到很晚。考查固定用法。allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”。故选C。2. The school doesn’t allow ______ in the classrooms during breaks.A. run B. running C. to run D. ran【答案】B【详解】句意:学校不允许课间在教室里跑动。考查固定用法。allow doing sth.意为“允许做某事”,后接动名词。不指明谁跑,用running。故选B。13、suggestion【用法讲解】suggestion作名词,意为“建议;提议”。【构词法】suggest v. 建议(由“suggestion”去掉后缀 -ion。)【常用结构】①make /give a suggestion 提/给建议例句:He made a good suggestion at the meeting.(他在会上提了一个好建议。)Can you give me some suggestions on how to learn English (你能给我一些如何学英语的建议吗?)②follow/take one's suggestion 采纳某人的建议例句:I took her suggestion and bought the blue dress.(我采纳了她的建议,买了那条蓝裙子。)【易混词辨析】suggestion 与 advice / tipsuggestion 可数名词,供参考的建议;advice 不可数名词,指劝告;tip 小窍门,常指实用的小建议。例句:Let me give you a piece of advice.(让我给你一条忠告。)Here are some cooking tips.(这里有几个烹饪小窍门。)【易错点】注意suggestion是可数名词,复数加s。【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. Could you give me some ______ on how to learn English well A. suggestion B. suggestions C. advices D. tip【答案】B【详解】句意:你能给我一些如何学好英语的建议吗?考查名词辨析。suggestion是可数名词,some后用复数suggestions;advice是不可数名词,不能加s。故选B。二:完成句子1. 他采纳了老师的建议,开始每天背诵单词。He ______ the teacher’s ______ and began to recite words every day.【答案】followed/took;suggestion【详解】句意:他采纳了老师的建议,开始每天背诵单词。follow/take one’s suggestion意为“采纳某人的建议”,描述过去用一般过去时。故填followed/took;suggestion。14、I didn't want to talk to my instructor about it because he seemed very strict.我不想和我的教练说这件事,因为他看起来很严厉。(1)strict【用法讲解】strict作形容词,意为“严格的;严厉的”。【常用结构】①be strict with sb. 对某人严格例句:Parents should be strict with their children.(父母应该对孩子严格。)②be strict in sth. 对某事严格例句:He is strict in his work.(他对工作很严格。)【构词法】strictly adv. 严格地(由“strict + 后缀 -ly”构成。)strictness n. 严格【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. Our head teacher is very strict ______ us, but we know she cares about us.A. in B. for C. with D. to【答案】C【详解】句意:我们的班主任对我们很严格,但我们知道她关心我们。考查介词搭配。be strict with sb.意为“对某人严格”。故选C。2. He is always strict ______ his work and never makes careless mistakes.A. with B. in C. for D. to【答案】B【详解】句意:他对工作总是一丝不苟,从不犯粗心的错误。考查介词搭配。be strict in sth.意为“对某事严格”。故选B。二:完成句子1. 我们的父母对我们要求很严。Our parents are very ______ ______ us.【答案】strict with【详解】句意:我们的父母对我们要求很严。be strict with sb.意为“对某人严格”。故填strict;with。15、suffer【用法讲解】suffer作动词,意为“遭受;忍受;受苦”。常与介词from连用,表示“患……病”或“因……而受苦”。【词形,词性变化】suffering n. 痛苦;苦难sufferer n. 受苦者;患者【常用结构】①suffer from + 疾病/不好的事物 受……折磨例句:Many people suffer from stress in modern society.(现代社会许多人承受着压力。)②suffer pain/loss/hardship 遭受痛苦/损失/困难例句:The company suffered a huge loss last year.(公司去年遭受了巨大损失。)【易错点】suffer是及物动词也可作不及物动词。表示“患某种病”时,必须加from,说suffer from a disease。【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. Many old people in the village ______ serious heart disease.A. suffer of B. suffer from C. suffer with D. suffer at【答案】B【详解】句意:村里很多老人患有严重的心脏病。考查固定搭配。表示“患某种病”时,必须用suffer from,是固定短语。故选B。2. That area ______ a huge earthquake last summer. Many houses were destroyed.A. suffered B. felt C. offered D. avoided【答案】A【详解】句意:去年夏天那个地区遭受了一场大地震,许多房屋被毁。考查动词辨析。suffer意为“遭受”,可直接接宾语,表示遭受灾难或痛苦。feel感觉;offer提供;avoid避免。故选A。16、avoid【用法讲解】avoid作动词,意为“避免;避开”。【词形,词性变化】avoidable adj. 可避免的unavoidable adj. 不可避免的【常用结构】avoid doing sth. 避免做某事例句:To stay healthy, avoid eating too much junk food.(为了保持健康,避免吃太多垃圾食品。)【易错点】avoid后面只能接名词或动名词,不能接不定式。不要说avoid to do sth.【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. To stay healthy, you should avoid ______ too much junk food.A. eat B. eating C. to eat D. ate【答案】B【详解】句意:为了保持健康,你应该避免吃太多垃圾食品。考查固定用法。avoid doing sth.意为“避免做某事”,后接动名词,不能接不定式。故选B。2. Luckily, we ______ the heavy traffic by leaving an hour earlier.A. kept B. stopped C. avoided D. continued【答案】C【详解】句意:幸运的是,我们提前一小时出发避免了交通堵塞。考查动词辨析。avoid意为“避免”;keep保持;stop停止;continue继续。根据leaving earlier可知是避开了。故选C。二:完成句子1. 上课时你应该避免看手机。You should ______ ______ at your phone in class.【答案】avoid looking【详解】句意:上课时你应该避免看手机。avoid doing sth.意为“避免做某事”,should后接动词原形。故填avoid;looking。17、Now my stomach aches. 现在我肚子疼。(1)ache【用法讲解】ache作动词,意为“疼痛”;作名词,意为“(持续的)疼痛”。常与身体部位构成复合词,如headache, toothache, stomachache。例句:My head aches. = I have a headache.(我头痛。)【常用结构】①have + a/an +“表示身体部位的名词+ ache”表示“……痛”。例句:have a fever发烧、have a cold患感冒、have a cough咳嗽、have the flu患流感②“have + a/an/the +表示疾病的名词”表示“患......病”。例句:have a headache头痛、have a toothache牙痛、have a stomachache 胃痛;肚子疼【易混词辨析】ache 与 painache 指持续性的隐痛,常与身体部位连用;pain 指剧烈的疼痛,范围更广,可用于身体或心理。例句:I have a pain in my back.(我背疼。)The death of his pet caused him great pain.(宠物的死给他带来了巨大的痛苦。)【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. Eating too much cold food can give you a stomach ______.A. hurt B. ache C. pain D. sore【答案】B【详解】句意:吃太多冷食会让你胃疼。考查固定搭配。stomach ache意为“胃疼”,ache常与身体部位连用表示“(持续性的)疼痛”。hurt作名词指感情伤害;pain范围更广;sore意为“酸痛的”,形容词。故选B。二:完成句子1. 我现在头痛得厉害。I have a terrible ______ now.【答案】headache【详解】句意:我现在头痛得厉害。have a headache是惯用表达,意为“头痛”。故填headache。18、stop ... from doing【用法讲解】stop sb./sth. from doing意为“阻止某人/某物做某事”,from可以省略。例句:Nothing can stop him (from) achieving his dream.(没有什么能阻止他实现梦想。)【易混短语辨析】stop ... from doing 与 keep ... from doing意思相近,但keep ... from doing中的from不能省略例句:We should keep children from playing with fire.(我们应该防止儿童玩火。)【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. The heavy rain couldn’t stop us ______ going to school that morning.A. to B. in C. from D. for【答案】C【详解】句意:那天早上大雨也不能阻止我们去上学。考查固定搭配。stop sb. from doing sth.意为“阻止某人做某事”,其中from可以省略,但此处提供了选项,from是标准答案。故选C。二:完成句子1. 没什么可以阻止我实现梦想。Nothing can ______ me achieving my dream.【答案】stop【详解】句意:没什么可以阻止我实现梦想。stop sb. (from) doing sth.意为“阻止某人做某事”,此短语中的from能省略。故填stop。19、patient【用法讲解】patient可作形容词,意为“有耐心的”;作可数名词,意为“病人”。【词形,词性变化】patiently adv. 耐心地impatient adj. 没有耐心的patience n. 耐心【常用结构】①be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心例句:You must be very patient with her, as she has been ill for months.(她生病好几个月了,你对她一定 要很有耐心。)②have patience to do sth. 有耐心做某事例句:You need to have patience to learn a musical instrument well.(你需要有耐心才能学好一门乐器。)【常见短语】treat patients 治疗病人【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. As a teacher, you really need to be ______ with slow students and encourage them.A. patient B. proud C. strict D. similar【答案】A【详解】句意:作为一名老师,你真的需要对学得慢的学生有耐心并鼓励他们。考查形容词辨析。be patient with sb. 意为“对某人有耐心”;be proud of为……自豪;be strict with对……严格;be similar to与……相似。根据encourage them可知是有耐心。故选A。二:用所给单词的适当形式填空1. Wait with a little more ______ (patient), and you will get the result soon.【答案】patience【详解】句意:再耐心等一等,你很快就会得到结果。with后接名词,patient的名词形式是patience,意为“耐心”。故填patience。2. The doctor and nurses ______ (patient) treated the wounded soldier.【答案】patiently【详解】句意:医生和护士们耐心地治疗那位受伤的士兵。修饰动词treated用副词,patiently意为“耐心地”。故填patiently。20、pain【用法讲解】pain作名词,意为“疼痛;痛苦”;作动词,意为“使痛苦”。可数名词指身体某处的痛,不可数名词 指精神痛苦。【词形,词性变化】painful adj. 痛苦的(由“pain + 后缀 -ful”构成。)painless adj. 无痛的【常用结构】①take pains to do sth. 费尽心思做某事例句:She took great pains to decorate the room.(她费了很大劲装饰房间。)②be in pain 在痛苦中例句:The patient is in great pain.(病人非常痛苦。)【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. She had a terrible ______ in her shoulder after carrying the heavy bag for so long.A. ache B. pain C. sick D. sore【答案】B【详解】句意:背了那么久的重包,她的肩膀剧痛。考查名词辨析。have a pain in + 身体部位意为“某处疼痛”,pain指较剧烈、突然的疼痛;ache指持续的隐痛。sick病的;sore酸痛的。根据terrible可知是比较剧烈的痛,pain更合适。故选B。二:完成句子1. 那个失去宠物的小女孩内心非常痛苦。The little girl who lost her pet was ______ great emotional ______.【答案】in;pain【详解】句意:那个失去宠物的小女孩内心非常痛苦。be in great pain是固定搭配,意为“处于巨大的痛苦中”。故填in;pain。21、what's more【用法讲解】what's more意为“而且;更重要的是”。作为插入语,常放在句中,前后可用逗号隔开。用于补充信息, 加强语气。例句:He is a good teacher. What's more, he is a kind friend.(他是位好老师,更重要的是,他是位友善的 朋友。)【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. He is very hard-working. ______, he is always ready to help others.A. In fact B. What’s more C. In a word D. All in all【答案】B【详解】句意:他非常勤奋,更重要的是,他总是乐于助人。考查插入语。What's more意为“而且,更重要的是”,用于补充信息,加强语气。In fact事实上;In a word总之;All in all总的来说。故选B。二:完成句子1. 这个房间很大,而且光线也很好。The room is very large. ______ ______, it has good lighting.【答案】What’s more【详解】句意:这个房间很大,而且光线也很好。what's more意为“而且,更重要的是”,表示补充信息。在句首,W大写。故填What’s;more。22、turn on【用法讲解】turn on意为“打开(电器、开关等)”。反义词为turn off(关闭)。例句:Please turn on the light. It's dark here.(请打开灯,这里很暗。)【易错点】turn on是“动词+副词”短语,接名词作宾语时可放在中间或后面;接代词时必须放在中间:turn it on, 不说turn on it。【易混短语辨析】turn on 与 open / switch onturn on 多用于电器;open 用于开门、窗、瓶盖等;switch on 侧重于开关操作,与turn on相近。例句:Open the window, please.(请打开窗户。)Switch on the computer.(打开电脑。)【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. Could you please ______ the TV I want to watch the evening news.A. turn off B. turn down C. turn on D. turn up【答案】C【详解】句意:你能打开电视机吗?我想看晚间新闻。考查动词短语。turn on打开(电器);turn off关掉;turn down调低;turn up调高。根据watch the news可知是打开电视。故选C。二:完成句子1. 光线太暗了,请打开灯。It’s too dark in here. Please ______ ______ the lights.【答案】turn on【详解】句意:光线太暗了,请打开灯。turn on意为“打开(电器、开关)”。祈使句用动词原形。故填turn;on。2. 走的时候别忘了关掉水龙头。Don’t forget to ______ ______ the tap when you leave.【答案】turn off【详解】句意:走的时候别忘了关掉水龙头。turn off是turn on的反义词,意为“关掉”。故填turn;off。23、be about to【用法讲解】be about to do sth.意为“即将做某事;正要去做某事”。表示最近的将来,常与when连用表示突然发生 另一件事。例句:I was about to leave when the phone rang.(我正要离开,这时电话响了。)【易错点】be about to不能与具体时间状语连用(如tomorrow, next week)。它表示“马上就要”,时间很近。后接 动词原形。【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. I ______ leave the office when someone knocked at the door.A. was about to B. am about to C. would about D. will about【答案】A【详解】句意:我正要离开办公室,这时有人敲门。考查固定句型。be about to do sth. ... when ... 意为“正要……这时……”。由knocked可知用一般过去时,主语是I,用was about to。故选A。二:完成句子1. 我正要去睡觉,这时电话铃突然响了。I ______ ______ ______ go to bed when the phone rang suddenly.【答案】was about to【详解】句意:我正要去睡觉,这时电话铃突然响了。be about to do ... when ...,由rang可知用过去时,I后用was。故填was;about;to。24、harm【用法讲解】harm作名词或动词,意为“伤害;损害”。指对身体、健康、环境等造成的伤害。【词形,词性变化】harmful adj. 有害的harmless adj. 无害的【常用结构】①do harm to sb./sth. 对……造成伤害例句:Too much screen time can do harm to your eyes.(看屏幕时间太长时间会伤害眼睛。)②mean no harm 没有恶意例句:I meant no harm. I was just joking.(我没有恶意,只是开玩笑。)【易混词辨析】harm 与 hurt / damageharm 多指抽象或长期伤害;hurt 多指肉体或情感上的疼痛;damage 指损坏物体。例句:He hurt his leg.(他伤了腿。)The car was damaged in the accident.(汽车在事故中受损。)【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. Too much screen time will do ______ to your eyesight.A. good B. harm C. help D. benefit【答案】B【详解】句意:看屏幕时间太长会伤害你的视力。考查固定搭配。do harm to sb./sth. 意为“对……造成伤害”。do good to对……有好处;help和benefit不能与do搭配成固定伤害短语。故选B。二:完成句子1. 在阳光下读书会对你的视力造成伤害。Reading in the sun can ______ ______ ______ your eyesight.【答案】do harm to【详解】句意:在阳光下读书会对你的视力造成伤害。do harm to是固定搭配,意为“对……造成伤害”。can后接动词原形。故填do;harm;to。25、check【用法讲解】check作动词,意为“检查;核对;托运(行李)”;作名词,意为“检查;支票”。【常用结构】①check in 办理登机/入住手续例句:We checked in at the hotel at 3 pm.(我们下午三点办理了酒店入住。)②check out 退房;检查;结账例句:You need to check out before noon.(你需要在中午前退房。)③check up on 调查;检查【常见短语】①background check 背景调查②spell check 拼写检查【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. You should ______ your answers carefully before handing in the test paper.A. check B. cross C. burn D. reduce【答案】A【详解】句意:在交试卷之前你应当仔细检查你的答案。考查动词辨析。check检查;cross穿过;burn燃烧;reduce减少。根据before handing in可知是检查答案。故选A。2. Passengers of Flight CA183 please go to Gate 45. It’s time to ______.A. get up B. check in C. give up D. take off【答案】B【详解】句意:CA183航班的旅客请前往45号登机口,该办理登机手续了。考查动词短语。get up起床;check in办理登机/入住手续;give up放弃;take off起飞(主语是飞机)。旅客办理手续用check in。故选B。26、What's wrong / What's the matter 怎么了 /出什么事了 【用法讲解】句型:What's wrong (with sb./sth.) / What's the matter (with sb./sth.) 有如下的用法:(1)用于询问某人遇到什么问题或麻烦。—What's wrong with Jim 吉姆怎么了 —He left his homework at home.他把家庭作业落在家里了。(2)用于询问某人身体上哪里不舒服。—What's wrong / What's the matter 怎么了 —I have a headache.我头痛。(3)用于询问某物出了什么问题或故障。—What's the matter with this clock 这个时钟 怎么了 —It doesn't work.它坏了。【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1.—You look unhappy, Lily. ________—I lost my favourite book.A.What’s wrong with you B.How are you C.How are you doing D.What’s your name 【答案】A【详解】句意:——你看起来不开心,莉莉。你怎么了?——我丢了我最喜欢的书。考查情境交际用语。What’s wrong with you你怎么了;How are you你好吗;How are you doing你最近怎么样;What’s your name你叫什么名字。根据“I lost my favourite book.”可知,对方在询问莉莉不开心的原因,只有A项符合语境。故选A。一、动词不定式作状语和宾语补足语动词不定式基本形式: 肯定式:to+动词原形 否定式:not to+动词原形 在有些情况下,动词不定式可以省略to。 动词不定式是动词的非谓语形式,不作谓语,没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式作目的状语 动词不定式作目的状语,一般放在被修饰词之后,为了强调也可放在句首。 常用词组:in order to do、so as to do “in order to do”可以放句首,也可以放后面,“so as to do”不能放句首,只能放后面。动词不定式作结果状语 常用结构: (not) enough to...、too...to..动词不定式作宾语补足语 可以用不定式作宾语补足语的常单词有:advise, ask, tell, help, wish, want, expect, forbid, persuade, press, request, teach, warn等. 感觉动词后用不定式作宾语补足语时省略to,如feel, see, hear, watch, notice等 使役动词后用不定式作宾语补足语时省略to,如make, let, have等。 动词help之后,动词不定式作宾语补足语可带to,亦可不带to。 感官动词用不定式作宾语补足语着重于动作的全过程或动作的经常性,用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语则是强调当时动作正在进行。【小试牛刀】一、单项选择1、 My father told me ________ scared of making mistakes when learning a new hobby.A.not to be B.to not be C.be not D.not be【答案】A【详解】句意:我父亲告诉我,在学习一项新爱好时不要害怕犯错。考查动词不定式的否定形式。not to be不要;to not be语序错误;be not不符合tell sb. to do结构;not be缺少不定式符号to。tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事,固定搭配,其否定形式是在不定式前加not,即tell sb. not to do sth.。故选A。2、 I often watch movies _________.A.relax B.relaxing C.to relax D.relaxed【答案】C【详解】句意:我经常看电影来放松。考查动词不定式作目的状语。relax放松,动词原形;relaxing放松,现在分词/动名词;to relax放松,动词不定式;relaxed放松,过去式/过去分词。根据“I often watch movies...”可知,看电影的目的是为了放松,应用动词不定式to relax作目的状语。故选C。3、 She went to the art club ________ her painting skills.A.improve B.to improve C.improving D.improved【答案】B【详解】句意:她去艺术俱乐部是为了提高她的绘画技能。考查非谓语动词。根据“She went to the art club...her painting skills.”可知,她去艺术俱乐部的目的是“提高绘画技能”,需用动词不定式表示目的。故选B。4、 This question is_______difficult for me_________answer.A. so; that B. too;to C. such; that D. enough;to【答案】B【详解】句意:这个问题对我来说太难了以至于我答不上来。考查固定句型辨析。so; that如此……以至于,so后接形容词或副词; too; to.……而不能,too后接形容词或副词;such; that如此……以至于,such后接名词;enough;to足够……做某事,enough修饰形容词或副词时放在其后面。根据“This question is...difficult for me...answer.”可知,此处表示问题太难了以至于答不上来,difficult是形容词,用too...to...结构。故选B。5、 The book is________for a seven-year-old boy______A. enough easy; reading B.enough easy;to readC.easy enough;reading D. easy enough;to read【答案】D【详解】句意:这本书对一个七岁的男孩来说读起来足够容易。考查enough的用法。enough修饰形容词时应后置,即“形容词+enough”,第一个空填easy enough; enough to do sth.“足够…….做某事”,固定搭配,后接动词不定式,第二个空填to read。故选D。6、 The teacher encouraged us ________ our own ideas about after-school activities.A.express B.to express C.expressing D.expressed【答案】B【详解】句意:老师鼓励我们表达自己对课后活动的想法。考查非谓语动词。encourage sb. to do sth.是固定搭配,意为“鼓励某人做某事”,因此空格处应填动词不定式to express。故选B。7、 She made me _________ to give it a try.A.decide B.to decide C.deciding D.decided【答案】A【详解】句意:她让我决定去试一试。考查使役动词make的用法。decide动词原形;to decide动词不定式;deciding现在分词/动名词;decided过去式/过去分词。使役动词make后接宾语和宾语补足语时,常用“make sb. do sth.”结构,即用动词原形作宾补,表示“让某人做某事”。故选A。8、________ avoid traffic jams, he leaves home at 6 a.m. every morning.A.So as to B.In order that C.In order to D.So that【答案】C【详解】句意:为了避免交通堵塞,他每天早上6点就出门。So as to为了,只能用于句中;In order that为了,后需接从句;In order to为了,后接动词原形;So that为了,后需接从句。空格后“avoid”是动词原形形式,所以此处应用in order to引导目的状语,位于句首,首字母要大写。二、完成句子9、 I relax by listening to music in my free time. (改为同义句)I listen to music in my free time.【答案】 to relax【详解】句意:我在空闲时间通过听音乐来放松。“by doing sth.”表示“通过做某事(的方式)”,而“to do sth.”表示“为了做某事(的目的)”,二者在这里都可以表达“听音乐”是为了“放松”这一目的,因此可以互换。故填to;relax。10、 The box is so heavy that I can't carry it. (保持句意不变)The box is ______heavy for me________carry.【答案】 too ;to【详解】句意:这个箱子太重了,我搬不动。原句为“so+形容词+ that+结果状语从句(如此.……以至于……”结构,可以转换为“too+形容词+for sb.+ to do sth.(对某人来说太……而不能做某事)”。故填too; to。11、 老师要求我们上学别迟到。The teacher asks us late for school.【答案】 not to be【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“别迟到”的表达。be late for“迟到”,ask sb. not to do sth.“要求某人不要做某事”。故填not;to;be。二、情态动词should的用法概述 should为情态动词,否定式为shouldn’t,其后接动词原形,无人称和数的变化。疑问句把should提到主语前面。 肯定:主语 + should + 动词原形 否定:主语 + should not (shouldn't) + 动词原形 疑问:Should + 主语 + 动词原形 否定疑问:Shouldn't + 主语 + 动词原形 回答时也用should来回答should的用法 should用于表达某种义务或责任,如道德、法律上的义务或责任,意为“应该”。should用于提出某种主观认为合理正确的建议或劝告,意为“应该”。【小试牛刀】一、单项选择1.You ________ eat too much junk food. It’s bad for your health.A.should B.shouldn’t C.need D.needn’t【答案】B【详解】句意:你不应该吃太多垃圾食品。这对你的健康有害。should应该;shouldn’t不应该;need需要;needn’t不必。根据“It’s bad for your health.”可知,吃太多垃圾食品对健康有害,所以建议是不应该吃太多。2.You look pale. You ________ see a doctor.A.should B.could C.may D.would【答案】A【详解】句意:你脸色苍白。你应该去看医生。should应该;could可以;may可能;would将会。根据“You look pale”可知对方身体状况不佳,此处是向对方提出建议,should常用于表示建议,意为“应该”,符合语境。故选A。3.We ________ keep quiet in the library. It’s one of the library rules.A.can B.may C.should【答案】C【详解】句意:我们应该在图书馆里保持安静,这是图书馆的规则之一。can能够、可以;may可以、可能;should应该。根据后半句“It’s one of the library rules”可知,在图书馆保持安静是我们必须遵守的行为规范,should用于表达责任、义务和规范要求,符合语境。4. —The box is too heavy for me.—You ________ ask Tom for help.A.may B.should C.could【答案】B【详解】句意:——这个箱子对我来说太重了。——你应该向汤姆寻求帮助。考查情态动词辨析。may可以;should应该;could可以。根据“The box is too heavy for me”这一困难情境,后句应给出建议,表示“应该”向汤姆求助,强调建议或劝告。故选B。二、完成句子5、他们应当遵守交通规则。They follow the .【答案】 should traffic rules【详解】根据所给提示词可知,“应当”对应should;“交通规则”为traffic rules。句子结构为主语They后接情态动词should,宾语为traffic rules。故填should;traffic;rules。6、你应当尽力与同学好好相处。You should get on well with your classmates.【答案】 try to【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“尽力”,用英文表达为try to;情态动词should后接动词原形,try用原形即可。故填try;to。7、We should protect the old buildings. (改为一般疑问句)we the old buildings 【答案】 Should protect【详解】句意:我们应该保护古建筑。句子含有情态动词should,改为一般疑问句时,将情态动词should提前即可,后面要接动词原形。故填Should;protect。三、情态动词could的用法概述 could为情态动词,其后接动词原形,无人称和数的变化。could的用法 could可以作can的过去式用,表示过去的某种能力及过去情况的可能性。用于表达语气更为客气、婉转的请求,这时不表示can的过去式。could还可以 提出建议 ,当使用“could”提出建议时,语气更加委婉和礼貌。【小试牛刀】一、单项选择1.—________ you pass the dictionary to me, please —Sure. Here you are.A.Must B.Need C.Could【答案】C【详解】句意:——你能把字典递给我吗?——当然可以。给你。Must必须;Need需要;Could可以,能够。根据答语“Sure. Here you are.”可知,此处是表示请求,应填Could。2.—________ you run very fast now, Grandpa —No, I am afraid not. But I ________ when I was young.A.Could; could B.Can; could C.Could; can D.Can; can【答案】B【详解】句意:——爷爷,你现在能跑很快吗?——不,恐怕不能。但我年轻时能。can能;could能,是can的过去式。第一空根据时间状语“now”可知,询问现在的能力,应用Can;第二空根据“when I was young”可知,描述过去的能力,应用Could。3.I ________ run very fast when I was in primary school, but now I can because I’m stronger.A.can’t B.couldn’t C.may not D.needn’t【答案】B【详解】句意:我在小学的时候不能跑得非常快,但现在我可以了,因为我更强壮了。can’t不能;couldn’t不能 (过去式);may not可能不;needn’t不必。根据“when I was in primary school”可知,描述的是过去的情况,需用过去式;结合“but now I can”可知,此处是指过去是没有能力跑快,couldn’t符合语境。4.______ you please help me carry the heavy box A.Should B.Must C.Could D.Need【答案】C【详解】句意:你能帮我搬这个重箱子吗?Should应该;Must必须;Could能,可以;Need需要。根据句中的“please”及语境可知,此处是向对方提出委婉请求,常用“Could you please... ”句型,Could符合语境。二、完成句子③ We will have a picnic in the countryside next Saturday. (改为委婉建议)We a picnic in the countryside next Saturday.【答案】 could have【详解】句意:我们下周六将去乡下野餐。原句是陈述将来计划的句子,要改为委婉建议,可使用情态动词“could”,后接动词原形“have”。故填could;have。④ 我午饭后可以和朋友一起闲逛吗?I out with my friends after lunch 【答案】 Could hang【详解】“Could I…”是英语中表示请求许可的常见句型;hang out“闲逛”,是固定搭配。故填Could;hang。四、反身代词的用法概念 表示动作回到其执行者本身(主语与宾语为同一主体)或是要强调代词本身。反身代词的构成 反身代词是由人称代词第一人称和第二人称的形容词性物主代词和第三人称的宾格加“-self”或“-selves”构成。 myself 我自己 ourselves 我们自己 yourself你自己 yourselves 你们自己 himself他自己 herself 她自己 itself 它自己 themselves他/她/它们自己反身代词的句法作用 反身代词在句中可以作表语、宾语、同位语等。 That poor boy was myself。那可怜的孩子就是我。(作表语) Make yourself at home。别客气,就像在家一样。(作宾语) The president himself attended the meeting.(总统本人出席了会议。)(作同位语)含反身代词的常见短语 by oneself 独自 help oneself to 随便吃 enjoy oneself过得很快活 teach oneself自学 lose oneself=lose one's way 迷路【小试牛刀】一、单项选择1.—Mary, where did you get this red lantern —I made it by ________. It’s beautiful, isn’t it A.herself B.yourself C.myself【答案】C【详解】句意:——玛丽,你在哪里得到这个红灯笼的?——我自己制作的。它很漂亮,不是吗?herself她自己;yourself你自己;myself我自己。根据答句主语“I”可知,动作发出者是“我”,应使用myself。2.—How do you like your school life —It’s great! We can enjoy ________ in different clubs.A.us B.our C.ourselves【答案】C【详解】句意:——你觉得你的学校生活怎么样?——太棒了!我们可以在不同的俱乐部里玩得很开心。us我们,宾格;our我们的,形容词性物主代词;ourselves我们自己,反身代词。根据“It’s great!”可知,此处表示“玩得很开心”,固定短语enjoy oneself“玩得开心”,所以此处应填ourselves。二、用所给单词的适当形式填空3、—Did you enjoy (you) at the party last night —Yes, we danced and played games together!【答案】yourselves【详解】句意:——昨晚的派对上你们玩得开心吗?——是的,我们一起跳舞、玩游戏了!“enjoy oneself”是固定短语,意为“玩得开心、过得愉快”;答句中主语是“we”,说明问句里的“you”指的是“你们”,因此反身代词要用 yourselves“你们自己”。故填yourselves。4、I like to stay at home and cook by (I) in my free time.【答案】myself【详解】句意:我空闲时间喜欢待在家里独自做饭。根据“by oneself(独自)”的固定搭配可知,此处要填“I”对应的反身代词“myself”。故填myself。一、Unit 1单元的主题是“业余活动”,主要围绕如何度过闲暇时光、怎样培养业余爱好、业余爱好带来的积极影响等方面展开。该话题相关的写作主要涉及以下内容:①介绍自已喜欢的业余活动,说明喜欢的原因,表达对这项业余活动的看法。②根据调查结果,介绍某个团体的业余活动情况:③介绍某人是如何培养业余爱好的。典型例题:业余活动不仅为我们的生活增添了无限乐趣,更是我们探索世界、认识自我、培养个性与才能的重要途径。假如你是李华,你校英语广播站正在以“业余活动促成长”为主题,面向广大学生开展征文活动。请你结合以下提示,用英语写一篇短文投稿,介绍自己的业余活动并分享它对自己的影响。要求:1. 包含下面表中的所有信息,可适当增加细节;2. 词数80左右 (文章开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数);3. 文中不得出现真实姓名、学校等信息。Free-time activities play an important role in our lives. They make our lives fun.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【范文】Free-time activities play an important role in our lives. They make our lives fun.As for me, my favourite free-time activity is reading. I started it when I was seven years old. I still remember my first time reading a storybook. Although it was a little difficult, I found it very interesting. Now, I read for half an hour every day. I like reading because it not only opens up my eyes but also helps me relax after a busy day. What’s more, reading makes me think deeply and helps me grow up.I hope everyone can find a meaningful hobby.【范文分析】(1)语篇类型话题阐述类说明文(夹叙夹议): 围绕"业余活动"这一主题,先总述业余活动的重要性,再以第一人称重点介绍自己最喜欢的业余活动——阅读,结合个人经历阐述阅读的好处,最后表达美好祝愿。兼具说明与叙述,属于典型的"总—分—总"话题作文。(2)篇章结构文章采用“总—分—总”的结构开头(总起)点明主题,概括业余活动的意义正文(分述)以个人经历为线索,从"起源→体验→现状→好处"层层展开结尾(总结)升华主题,表达祝愿正文内部也呈递进逻辑:个人经历(过去)→ 现在习惯(现在)→ 三个好处(意义),由浅入深。(3)词汇句型运用1. Free-time activities play an important role in our lives.(经典开篇句,play an important role in 是高频短语,开门见山)2. As for me, my favourite free-time activity is reading.(As for me 自然过渡到个人话题,简洁明了)3. I started it when I was seven years old.(when 引导时间状语从句,交代起点)4. Although it was a little difficult, I found it very interesting.(Although 引导让步状语从句,体现转折,使叙述更真实生动)5. I like reading because it not only opens up my eyes but also helps me relax...not only... but also... (经典并列句型,open up one's eyes 为亮点短语)6. What's more, reading makes me think deeply and helps me grow up.(What's more 递进连接,引出更深层的好处;think deeply 搭配准确)7. I hope everyone can find a meaningful hobby.(hope 引导宾语从句,情感收束,升华主题)(4)逻辑衔接按 "总述重要性 → 个人经历(起源→初次体验→现状)→ 好处(开阔眼界→放松身心→深入思考与成长)" 的顺序展开,由事及理,层层深入,逻辑清晰自然。同时使用了As for me、when、Although、Now、because、not only... but also...、What's more、I hope等词,让句子过渡更加自然顺滑。(5)时态运用谈"现在的状态和习惯"用一般现在时,谈"过去的经历"用一般过去时,两种时态交替使用,使叙述既有现实感又有故事感,时态运用准确、自然。【小试牛刀】1.假如你是李华,你的英国朋友Tom来信询问你的周末生活。请你根据以下要点提示,写一封电子邮件回复他。要点:1. 你通常周末做什么(至少写两件事);2. 你最喜欢的周末活动是什么,为什么;3. 你对周末生活的感受。要求:1. 词数80词左右;2. 包含所有要点,可适当发挥;3. 条理清晰,语句通顺,语法正确,书写规范。Dear Tom,I’m glad to receive your email. You asked about my weekend life. Now let me tell you something about it. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Best wishes,Li Hua【答案】例文Dear Tom,I’m glad to receive your email. You asked about my weekend life. Now let me tell you something about it.I usually do many things on weekends. On Saturday morning, I do my homework. In the afternoon, I often play basketball with my friends. On Sunday, I help my mother with housework and read some storybooks. My favorite weekend activity is playing basketball because it makes me strong and helps me relax. I also enjoy the time with my friends on the court.I think my weekends are busy but happy. I can study, exercise and also spend time with my family. I really enjoy my weekend life.Best wishes,Li Hua【详解】写作步骤[第一步:审题立意]确定文体:应用文(电子邮件),用一般现在时明确要点:通常周末做的两件事及以上(周六上午做作业、下午和朋友打篮球、周日帮妈妈做家务、读故事书)、最喜欢的周末活动及原因(打篮球,因为它让人强壮并帮助放松)、对周末生活的感受(忙碌但快乐,能学习、锻炼、陪伴家人)确定人称:第一人称(I)注意事项:需包含所有要点,词数80左右,注意书信格式[第二步:构思布局]三段式结构:开头段:已给出,引出周末生活话题主体段:阐述周末通常做的事情(及最喜欢的活动和原因结尾段:表达对周末生活的感受[第三步:要点展开]要点一:周末通常做的事情活动一:On Saturday morning, I do my homework/finish schoolwork on Saturday mornings等活动二:In the afternoon, I often play basketball with my friends/have friendly basketball games等活动三:help my mother with housework/assist my mom with chores around the house等活动四:read some storybooks/enjoy reading storybooks in my free time等要点二:最喜欢的周末活动及原因活动表达:My favorite weekend activity is playing basketball/Playing basketball is what I like best on weekends等原因一:makes me strong/keeps me fit and full of energy等原因二:helps me relax/helps me forget about school stress等原因三:enjoy the time with my friends on the court/enjoy playing together with friends等要点三:对周末生活的感受感受表达:I think my weekends are busy but happy/My weekends are both busy and enjoyable等原因说明:can study, exercise and also spend time with my family/I can balance study, sports and family time等总结表达:I really enjoy my weekend life/I truly appreciate my weekend routine等二、Unit 2单元的主题是“保持健康”,通过描述各类健康问题和安全事故,增强学生的健康与安全意识。该话题相关的写作主要涉及以下内容:①介绍如何保持健康/安全;②针对健康/安全问题给出合理的建议;③介绍如何保障自身健康/安全。典型例题:假设你是李华,你所在的班级开展了“消防安全进校园”主题班会,老师用PPT展示了5幅关于如何在火灾中保持安全的图片,请根据下面图片信息和写作要求,写一篇英语短文在英语角跟大家分享。写作要求:1.短文内容至少包含3张图片;2.文中不得出现个人真实姓名和校名;3.词数80词左右,标题和开头已经给出,不计入总词数。How to Stay Safe in a Fire When a serious fire happens, it can be very sudden and dangerous. Here are some safety tips for you to follow.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【范文】How to Stay Safe in a Fire When a serious fire happens, it can be very sudden and dangerous. Here are some safety tips for you to follow.We should stay calm and call 119 for help immediately. If there is a gas leak, turn off the gas and lights to prevent the fire from spreading. We should also cover our mouths and noses with a wet cloth. What’s more, never take the lift. Never jump down from a tall building either, as it is extremely dangerous. However, if we are on a lower floor, we can use items like ropes or quilts to climb down safely.Follow these rules to stay safe in a fire.【范文分析】(1)语篇类型实用信息类说明文(建议指导型):围绕"火灾中如何自救"这一主题,以第二人称和第一人称复数(we)向读者提供具体的安全建议和操作步骤,属于典型的"问题—建议"结构的实用指导性文章。(2)篇章结构文章采用“总—分—总”的结构开头(总起):交代背景(火灾危险),引出主题(安全提示);正文(分述):按火灾发生后的操作优先级和逻辑顺序排列:报警→控制Unit 1和Unit 2期末复习学案/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)一、核心词形变换1、program v. 编写程序;n. 程序 → programmer n. 程序员2、express v. 表达;表示 → expression n. 表达;表情3、instructor n. 教练;指导者 → instruct v. 指导;教授 → instruction n. 指示;指导4、scared adj. 害怕的;对…… 感到惊慌的 → scare v. 使害怕;惊吓→ scary adj. 吓人的;可怕的5、manage v. 完成(困难的事);管理 → management n. 管理;经营 → manager n. 经理;管理者6、stress n. 精神压力;紧张→ stressed adj. 焦虑的;紧张 → stressful adj. 有压力的;紧张的7、achievement n. 成就;成绩 → achieve v. 实现;获得8、foreign adj. 外国的;国外的 → foreigner n. 外国人9、suggestion n. 建议;提议 → suggest v. 建议10、failure n. 失败 → fail v. 失败11、surprisingly adv. 出人意料地;惊人地 → surprising adj. 令人惊讶的 → surprise v. 使惊讶;n. 惊讶 12、importantly adv. 重要地 → important adj. 重要的;重大的 → unimportantly adv. 不重要地13、stomach n. 胃;腹部 → stomachache n. 胃痛;肚子疼14、press v. 压;按;挤;推 → pressure n. 压力;压迫15、careless adj. 不小心的;粗心的 → carelessness n. 粗心→care n. 关心,在意16、medicine n. 药;医学 → medical adj. 医学的;医疗的17、description n. 描写;形容 → describe v. 描述;形容18、patient n. 病人;adj. 有耐心的 → patience n. 耐心;忍耐 → patiently adv. 耐心地19、illness n. 疾病 → ill adj. 生病的;坏的20、knife n.刀 →knives (pl.)21、safety n. 安全;安全处所 → safe adj. 安全的;可靠的 → safely adv. 安全地;平安地22、clear adj. 清晰的;清楚的;v. 清理 → clearly adv. 清晰地;明显地23、pain n. 疼痛;痛苦 → painful adj. 疼痛的;痛苦的24、brightness n. 亮度 → bright adj. 明亮的;聪明的 → brightly adv. 明亮地;鲜明地25、cross v. 穿越;横过;交叉 →across adv.在对过;在对面;横过 prep.穿过26、happily adv. 快乐地;高兴地 → happy adj. 快乐的;幸福的 → happiness n. 幸福;快乐27、quick adj. 快的;迅速的;adv. 迅速地;快速地 → quickly adv. 迅速地;很快地28、sadly adv. 伤心地;令人遗憾地 → sad adj. 悲伤的;难过的 → sadness n. 悲伤;难过29、luckily adv. 幸运地 → unluckily adv. 不幸运地 → lucky adj. 幸运的;侥幸的30、badly adv.严重地 → worse (比较级)→ worst (最高级)→ bad adj. 坏的;糟糕的31、harm n. & v. 伤害;损害 → harmful adj. 有害的;致伤的 → harmless adj. 无害的;无恶意的32、shock n. 震惊;令人震惊的事;v. 使震惊;使惊愕 → shocking adj. 令人震惊的;可怕的 → shocked adj. 震惊的;震撼的33、leed v.流血;出血 → blood n. 血;血液34、nervously adv. 紧张不安地 → nervous adj. 紧张的;焦虑的【小试牛刀】一、根据单词首字母、或汉语提示写单词填空。1.Doing yoga helps me r________ stress after a busy school day.2.I like painting because it helps me to e________ how I feel.3.Mike got a great d________ on the camera during the black Friday sale.4.You can’t make progress in your studies without m________ your time well.5.Fu Xing used to be s________ of water, but she started swimming to get over her fear.6.The rules ________ (允许) students to bring their own water bottles to class.7.She made a ________ (建议) that we should go hiking together.8.Doing yoga can help reduce ________ (压力).9.She is learning to ________ (编程) because she wants to create an app.10.We felt so nervous before the competition that our ________ (腹部) were turning over.11.I learned a lot about Chinese ________ (历史) from it.12.It was a ________ (令人痛苦的) experience for Sarah to lose someone she loved.13.It was c________ of me to leave the door open. I won’t make the same mistake again.14.She held her exam paper n___________ and was afraid to look at the score.15.He had a serious i_________ and coughed badly last week.二、用所给单词的适当形式填空16.________, (surprise) he passed the difficult exam at last.17.He hurt ________ (him) when he fell off the bike yesterday.18.My deskmate always ________ (expression) her opinions bravely and never hides her true feelings.19.You shouldn’t say ________ (hurt) things to your mother.20.The teenager stopped ________ (collect) stamps because he lost interest in it.21.We know the ________ (important) of keeping healthy.22.________ (lucky), no one got hurt in the sudden accident in our neighborhood.23.The zoo needed better ________ (manage) rather than more money.24.I’m suffering from a terrible ________. (tooth)25.Mr. Wang gave us a clear ________ (describe) about his life in the past.26.She waited ________ for her turn to speak in front of the whole class. (nervous)27.He made a few mistakes in his homework. He was seldom that ________. (care)28.We should learn to protect ________ (we) when doing sport to avoid getting hurt.29.You could change your screen’s ________ (bright) to try and match your environment.30.Before leaving the kitchen, make sure the gas is turned off for your ________. (safe)31.In Western countries, people usually use ________ and forks to eat food. (knife)32.More and more people in the countryside have received free _________ (medicine) support.33.He didn’t go to school because of his serious ________ (ill) today.短语 释义 短语 释义Unit 1核心短语give up 放弃 scared of 害怕; 恐惧get over 克服(困难); 解决(问题) up to 正在做;由某人决定in return 作为回报 get into 开始做某事; 进入give it a go 试一试某事 once in a while 偶尔地; 间或go on an outing 出外游玩 dream of 梦想; 希望so far 到目前为止Unit 2核心短语suffer from 受苦;受折磨 catch fire 着火take a seat 坐下 no way 不可能;没门take one's temperature 给某人量体温 on fire 着火;起火stop ... from doing 防止......;阻止...... be about to 即将;正要(做某事 )what's more 更有甚者;更为重要的是 stop short 突然停住turn on 接通(电流、煤气、水等);打开 first aid 急救eat out 上馆子吃饭;在外用餐 from now on 从现在起【小试牛刀】一、完成句子1.我可以教你唱歌来作为回报。I can teach you to sing a song ________ ________.2.我们鼓励他们讲述自己生活中的故事。We encouraged them ________ ________ stories from their own lives.3.只要不放弃,久而久之你就会做得越来越好。As long as you don’t ________ ________, you’ll get better at it over time.4.在我们的日常生活中,有很多方法可以克服你的恐惧。In our daily life, there are many ways to ________ ________ your fear.5.他不知道如何应对压力。He doesn’t know how to ________ ________ stress.6.由我来决定周末去哪里——要么去公园,要么去图书馆。It’s ________ ________ me to decide where to go on weekends — either the park or the library.7.我的老师不允许我上课玩手机。My teacher doesn’t ________ me ________ ________ phones in class.8.你应该自己完成作业。You should finish your homework ________ ________.9.很多游客更喜爱花时间在外用餐。Most tourists prefer to spend their time ________ ________.10.我爷爷患有关节炎。他走路很困难。My grandfather ________ ________ arthritis. It’s hard for him to walk.11.如果你发烧了,你应该量体温。If you have a ________, you should ________ your temperature.12.而且,兴趣爱好能让我开心。________ ________, hobbies can make me happy.1、express【用法讲解】express作动词,意为“表达;表示”。【构词法】expression n. 表达;表情【常用结构】①express oneself 表达自己的想法/情感②express thanks/doubt 表达感谢/怀疑③express your opinion表达你的观点【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. It’s important for children to learn how to ______ themselves clearly in public.A. express B. explain C. expect D. excuse二:完成句子1. 在会议上,他大胆地表达了自己的观点。At the meeting, he bravely ______ his ______.2、give up【用法讲解】give up意为“放弃;戒除;认输”。可以指放弃做某事、放弃某物,或投降。【易错点】give up是“动词+副词”短语,接代词作宾语时放在中间:give it up(放弃它),不要写成give up it。 后面接动词时要用动名词形式。【常用结构】①give up doing sth. 放弃做某事例句:She gave up learning the piano because it was too hard.(她因为太难而放弃了学钢琴。)【易混短语辨析】give up 与 give ingive up 指主动放弃努力或习惯;give in 指屈服、让步例句:He gave in to the pressure and changed his plan.(他屈服于压力改变了计划。)【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. Smoking is bad for your health. You should ______.A. give it up B. give up it C. give it in D. give in it2. My father finally gave up ______ after the doctor’s serious warning.A. smoke B. smoked C. smoking D. to smoke二:完成句子1. 她因为太忙而放弃了学画画。She ______ ______ learning painting because she was too busy.3、scared【用法讲解】scared作形容词,意为“害怕的;恐惧的”。描述人感到恐惧的心理状态,通常用来修饰人。【构词法】scare v. 使害怕scary adj. 令人害怕的【常用结构】①be scared of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某物例句:Many kids are scared of the dark.(许多小孩怕黑。)②be scared to do sth. 害怕做某事例句:He was scared to tell his parents the truth.(他不敢告诉父母真相。)【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. Many children are scared ______ the dark when they are little.A. of B. with C. for D. at二:用所给单词的适当形式填空1. The little girl was ______ (scare) to sleep alone in her room.三:完成句子1. 很多孩子怕黑。Many kids ______ ______ ______ the dark.4、get over【用法讲解】get over意为“克服(困难); 解决(问题)”。常指战胜困难或从不愉快中恢复过来。【常用结构】①get over sth. 克服/恢复某事例句:He finally got over the loss of his pet.(他终于从失去宠物的悲痛中走了出来。)②get over doing sth. 克服做某事的障碍【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. It took her a long time to ______ the death of her grandmother.A. get up B. get over C. get off D. get on2. —How can I ______ my fear of speaking English in public —Practice makes perfect.A. get on B. get off C. get over D. get into二:完成句子1. 他终于克服了害羞,交了很多朋友。He finally ______ ______ his shyness and made many friends.5、What are you up to 你在做什么呢 (1)up to【用法讲解】up to有多种含义:意为“忙于;正在做某事”;“由……决定”;“达到(数量或程度)”;“直到”。例句:What are you up to this weekend (你这周末打算做什么?)It's up to you to decide.(由你来决定。)The room can hold up to 50 people.(这个房间最多能容纳50人。)【常用结构】①be up to sth. 正在做某事(常指秘密或不好的事)例句:The kids are very quiet. They must be up to something.(孩子们这么安静,一定在搞什么名堂。)②up to sb. 由某人决定例句:Whether we go or not is up to you.(我们去不去由你决定。)【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. —What are you ______ this weekend —I’m going to visit my grandparents.A. up to B. up for C. up in D. up on二:完成句子1. 这个教室最多能容纳60名学生。This classroom can hold ______ ______ 60 students.2. 那些孩子太安静了,一定在搞什么名堂。The kids are too quiet. They must be ______ ______ something.6、I can teach you to play a song in return.作为回报,我可以教你弹首歌。(1)return【用法讲解】return作动词,意为“返回;归还;回复”。作名词,意为“归还;回报”。【常用结构】①return to + 地点 返回到某地例句:She returned to her hometown after many years.(多年后她回到了家乡。)②return sth. to sb. 把某物归还给某人例句:You should return the money to its owner.(你应该把钱还给失主。)③ in return 作为回报例句:In return, I can help you improve your English. (作为回报,我可以帮助你的英文。)【易混词辨析】return 与 give back / come backreturn 较正式,可作及物或不及物;give back 只作及物,意为“归还”;come back 只作不及物,意为 “回来”。例句:He came back late.(他回来晚了。)Give back my pen.(还我钢笔。)【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. Could you please return the book ______ the library this afternoon A. back B. to C. for D. with二:完成句子1. 他帮我搬家,作为回报,我给他做了晚餐。He helped me move, and _____ __________ I cooked him dinner.7、It’s a deal! 说定了!(1)deal【用法讲解】deal作名词,意为“交易;协议”;作动词,意为“处理;应对”。还可表示“大量”。【构词法】dealer n. 商人【常用结构】①deal with 处理;应对;涉及例句:How do you deal with stress (你如何应对压力?)②a good/great deal of + 不可数名词 大量……例句:She spent a great deal of money on clothes.(她花了很多钱买衣服。)【易混词辨析】deal with 与 do withdeal with常与how连用;do with常与what连用。例句:I know how to deal with the problem.(我知道如何处理这个问题。)What did you do with the problem (你怎么处理这个问题?)【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. Can you tell me how to deal ______ the trouble with my old computer A. of B. with C. about D. to二:完成句子1. 我不知道如何处理这个问题。I don’t know how to ______ ______ the problem.8、manage【用法讲解】manage作动词,意为“完成(困难的事); 管理”。【构词法】manager n. 经理management n. 管理【常用结构】①manage to do sth. 设法做成某事(强调结果成功)例句:I managed to get two tickets to the concert.(我设法弄到了两张音乐会门票。)【易混词辨析】manage 与 try / succeedmanage to do = succeed in doing 成功做成;try to do 尝试做(不一定成功)。例句:He tried to open the door but failed.(他试着开门但没打开。)He managed to open it.(他成功打开了。)【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. Though the box was heavy, Tom ______ to carry it upstairs by himself.A. tried B. managed C. wanted D. hoped二:用所给单词的适当形式填空1. The ______ (manage) of the company decided to hire more workers.三:完成句子1. 他成功地从大火中逃了出来。He ______ ______ escape from the big fire.9、How did you get into painting 你是怎么开始画画的 (1)get into【用法讲解】get into意为“进入;陷入(麻烦等);开始从事;对……产生兴趣”。【常用结构】①get into trouble 陷入麻烦例句:He got into trouble for being late.(他因为迟到惹上了麻烦。)②get into the habit of 养成……习惯例句:You should get into the habit of reading every day.(你应该养成每天阅读的习惯。)【易混短语辨析】get into 与 get inget into 强调“进入”的过程或较封闭的空间;get in 可指进入车/房间等。例句:Get in the car!(上车!)也可说 Get into the car.【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. If you keep breaking school rules, you will ______ trouble.A. get into B. get on C. get over D. get off2. It’s important to ______ the habit of planning your time wisely.A. get into B. get on C. get over D. get off10、once in a while【用法讲解】once in a while意为“偶尔;间或”。表示频率不高,但有时会发生。单独使用,作时间状语。例句:Once in a while, we eat out at a nice restaurant.(我们偶尔去好一点的餐厅吃饭。)【易混短语辨析】once in a while 与 from time to time意思相近,可互换。once in a while 稍口语化。例句:From time to time, I think about the past.(我时不时会想起过去。)【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. ______, it’s nice to do something different from our daily routine.A. Once in a while B. All at once C. Right away D. At once二:完成句子1. 我们偶尔在外面吃饭。We eat out ______ ______ ______ ______.11、reduce【用法讲解】reduce作动词,意为“减少;降低;缩小”。指使数量、程度、尺寸、价格等变小或变少。【词形,词性变化】reduction n. 减少【常用结构】①reduce sth. to... 减少到……(跟具体数值)例句:The speed was reduced to 50 kilometers per hour.(速度降到了每小时50公里。)②reduce sth. by... 减少了……(跟差值)例句:The company reduced its costs by 20%.(公司减少了20%的成本。)【常见短语】reduce stress 减压reduce speed 减速reduce waste 减少浪费【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. To protect the environment, we should try to ______ the amount of plastic waste.A. increase B. recycle C. reduce D. produce2. The price of the TV was reduced ______ 3,000 yuan from 3,500 yuan.A. to B. by C. at D. for二:完成句子1. 为了减压,我经常听音乐。To ______ ______, I often listen to music.12、allow【用法讲解】allow作动词,意为“允许;准许”。还可用作“使……能够”。【常用结构】①allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事例句:The teacher allows us to use dictionaries.(老师允许我们使用词典。)②allow doing sth. 允许做某事(不指明谁做)例句:The school doesn't allow smoking on campus.(学校不允许在校园内吸烟。)【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. My parents don’t allow me ______ out late on school nights.A. stay B. staying C. to stay D. stayed2. The school doesn’t allow ______ in the classrooms during breaks.A. run B. running C. to run D. ran13、suggestion【用法讲解】suggestion作名词,意为“建议;提议”。【构词法】suggest v. 建议(由“suggestion”去掉后缀 -ion。)【常用结构】①make /give a suggestion 提/给建议例句:He made a good suggestion at the meeting.(他在会上提了一个好建议。)Can you give me some suggestions on how to learn English (你能给我一些如何学英语的建议吗?)②follow/take one's suggestion 采纳某人的建议例句:I took her suggestion and bought the blue dress.(我采纳了她的建议,买了那条蓝裙子。)【易混词辨析】suggestion 与 advice / tipsuggestion 可数名词,供参考的建议;advice 不可数名词,指劝告;tip 小窍门,常指实用的小建议。例句:Let me give you a piece of advice.(让我给你一条忠告。)Here are some cooking tips.(这里有几个烹饪小窍门。)【易错点】注意suggestion是可数名词,复数加s。【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. Could you give me some ______ on how to learn English well A. suggestion B. suggestions C. advices D. tip二:完成句子1. 他采纳了老师的建议,开始每天背诵单词。He ______ the teacher’s ______ and began to recite words every day.14、I didn't want to talk to my instructor about it because he seemed very strict.我不想和我的教练说这件事,因为他看起来很严厉。(1)strict【用法讲解】strict作形容词,意为“严格的;严厉的”。【常用结构】①be strict with sb. 对某人严格例句:Parents should be strict with their children.(父母应该对孩子严格。)②be strict in sth. 对某事严格例句:He is strict in his work.(他对工作很严格。)【构词法】strictly adv. 严格地(由“strict + 后缀 -ly”构成。)strictness n. 严格【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. Our head teacher is very strict ______ us, but we know she cares about us.A. in B. for C. with D. to2. He is always strict ______ his work and never makes careless mistakes.A. with B. in C. for D. to二:完成句子1. 我们的父母对我们要求很严。Our parents are very ______ ______ us.15、suffer【用法讲解】suffer作动词,意为“遭受;忍受;受苦”。常与介词from连用,表示“患……病”或“因……而受苦”。【词形,词性变化】suffering n. 痛苦;苦难sufferer n. 受苦者;患者【常用结构】①suffer from + 疾病/不好的事物 受……折磨例句:Many people suffer from stress in modern society.(现代社会许多人承受着压力。)②suffer pain/loss/hardship 遭受痛苦/损失/困难例句:The company suffered a huge loss last year.(公司去年遭受了巨大损失。)【易错点】suffer是及物动词也可作不及物动词。表示“患某种病”时,必须加from,说suffer from a disease。【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. Many old people in the village ______ serious heart disease.A. suffer of B. suffer from C. suffer with D. suffer at2. That area ______ a huge earthquake last summer. Many houses were destroyed.A. suffered B. felt C. offered D. avoided16、avoid【用法讲解】avoid作动词,意为“避免;避开”。【词形,词性变化】avoidable adj. 可避免的unavoidable adj. 不可避免的【常用结构】avoid doing sth. 避免做某事例句:To stay healthy, avoid eating too much junk food.(为了保持健康,避免吃太多垃圾食品。)【易错点】avoid后面只能接名词或动名词,不能接不定式。不要说avoid to do sth.【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. To stay healthy, you should avoid ______ too much junk food.A. eat B. eating C. to eat D. ate2. Luckily, we ______ the heavy traffic by leaving an hour earlier.A. kept B. stopped C. avoided D. continued二:完成句子1. 上课时你应该避免看手机。You should ______ ______ at your phone in class.17、Now my stomach aches. 现在我肚子疼。(1)ache【用法讲解】ache作动词,意为“疼痛”;作名词,意为“(持续的)疼痛”。常与身体部位构成复合词,如headache, toothache, stomachache。例句:My head aches. = I have a headache.(我头痛。)【常用结构】①have + a/an +“表示身体部位的名词+ ache”表示“……痛”。例句:have a fever发烧、have a cold患感冒、have a cough咳嗽、have the flu患流感②“have + a/an/the +表示疾病的名词”表示“患......病”。例句:have a headache头痛、have a toothache牙痛、have a stomachache 胃痛;肚子疼【易混词辨析】ache 与 painache 指持续性的隐痛,常与身体部位连用;pain 指剧烈的疼痛,范围更广,可用于身体或心理。例句:I have a pain in my back.(我背疼。)The death of his pet caused him great pain.(宠物的死给他带来了巨大的痛苦。)【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. Eating too much cold food can give you a stomach ______.A. hurt B. ache C. pain D. sore二:完成句子1. 我现在头痛得厉害。I have a terrible ______ now.18、stop ... from doing【用法讲解】stop sb./sth. from doing意为“阻止某人/某物做某事”,from可以省略。例句:Nothing can stop him (from) achieving his dream.(没有什么能阻止他实现梦想。)【易混短语辨析】stop ... from doing 与 keep ... from doing意思相近,但keep ... from doing中的from不能省略例句:We should keep children from playing with fire.(我们应该防止儿童玩火。)【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. The heavy rain couldn’t stop us ______ going to school that morning.A. to B. in C. from D. for二:完成句子1. 没什么可以阻止我实现梦想。Nothing can ______ me achieving my dream.19、patient【用法讲解】patient可作形容词,意为“有耐心的”;作可数名词,意为“病人”。【词形,词性变化】patiently adv. 耐心地impatient adj. 没有耐心的patience n. 耐心【常用结构】①be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心例句:You must be very patient with her, as she has been ill for months.(她生病好几个月了,你对她一定 要很有耐心。)②have patience to do sth. 有耐心做某事例句:You need to have patience to learn a musical instrument well.(你需要有耐心才能学好一门乐器。)【常见短语】treat patients 治疗病人【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. As a teacher, you really need to be ______ with slow students and encourage them.A. patient B. proud C. strict D. similar二:用所给单词的适当形式填空1. Wait with a little more ______ (patient), and you will get the result soon.2. The doctor and nurses ______ (patient) treated the wounded soldier.20、pain【用法讲解】pain作名词,意为“疼痛;痛苦”;作动词,意为“使痛苦”。可数名词指身体某处的痛,不可数名词 指精神痛苦。【词形,词性变化】painful adj. 痛苦的(由“pain + 后缀 -ful”构成。)painless adj. 无痛的【常用结构】①take pains to do sth. 费尽心思做某事例句:She took great pains to decorate the room.(她费了很大劲装饰房间。)②be in pain 在痛苦中例句:The patient is in great pain.(病人非常痛苦。)【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. She had a terrible ______ in her shoulder after carrying the heavy bag for so long.A. ache B. pain C. sick D. sore二:完成句子1. 那个失去宠物的小女孩内心非常痛苦。The little girl who lost her pet was ______ great emotional ______.21、what's more【用法讲解】what's more意为“而且;更重要的是”。作为插入语,常放在句中,前后可用逗号隔开。用于补充信息, 加强语气。例句:He is a good teacher. What's more, he is a kind friend.(他是位好老师,更重要的是,他是位友善的 朋友。)【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. He is very hard-working. ______, he is always ready to help others.A. In fact B. What’s more C. In a word D. All in all二:完成句子1. 这个房间很大,而且光线也很好。The room is very large. ______ ______, it has good lighting.22、turn on【用法讲解】turn on意为“打开(电器、开关等)”。反义词为turn off(关闭)。例句:Please turn on the light. It's dark here.(请打开灯,这里很暗。)【易错点】turn on是“动词+副词”短语,接名词作宾语时可放在中间或后面;接代词时必须放在中间:turn it on, 不说turn on it。【易混短语辨析】turn on 与 open / switch onturn on 多用于电器;open 用于开门、窗、瓶盖等;switch on 侧重于开关操作,与turn on相近。例句:Open the window, please.(请打开窗户。)Switch on the computer.(打开电脑。)【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. Could you please ______ the TV I want to watch the evening news.A. turn off B. turn down C. turn on D. turn up二:完成句子1. 光线太暗了,请打开灯。It’s too dark in here. Please ______ ______ the lights.2. 走的时候别忘了关掉水龙头。Don’t forget to ______ ______ the tap when you leave.23、be about to【用法讲解】be about to do sth.意为“即将做某事;正要去做某事”。表示最近的将来,常与when连用表示突然发生 另一件事。例句:I was about to leave when the phone rang.(我正要离开,这时电话响了。)【易错点】be about to不能与具体时间状语连用(如tomorrow, next week)。它表示“马上就要”,时间很近。后接 动词原形。【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. I ______ leave the office when someone knocked at the door.A. was about to B. am about to C. would about D. will about二:完成句子1. 我正要去睡觉,这时电话铃突然响了。I ______ ______ ______ go to bed when the phone rang suddenly.24、harm【用法讲解】harm作名词或动词,意为“伤害;损害”。指对身体、健康、环境等造成的伤害。【词形,词性变化】harmful adj. 有害的harmless adj. 无害的【常用结构】①do harm to sb./sth. 对……造成伤害例句:Too much screen time can do harm to your eyes.(看屏幕时间太长时间会伤害眼睛。)②mean no harm 没有恶意例句:I meant no harm. I was just joking.(我没有恶意,只是开玩笑。)【易混词辨析】harm 与 hurt / damageharm 多指抽象或长期伤害;hurt 多指肉体或情感上的疼痛;damage 指损坏物体。例句:He hurt his leg.(他伤了腿。)The car was damaged in the accident.(汽车在事故中受损。)【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. Too much screen time will do ______ to your eyesight.A. good B. harm C. help D. benefit二:完成句子1. 在阳光下读书会对你的视力造成伤害。Reading in the sun can ______ ______ ______ your eyesight.25、check【用法讲解】check作动词,意为“检查;核对;托运(行李)”;作名词,意为“检查;支票”。【常用结构】①check in 办理登机/入住手续例句:We checked in at the hotel at 3 pm.(我们下午三点办理了酒店入住。)②check out 退房;检查;结账例句:You need to check out before noon.(你需要在中午前退房。)③check up on 调查;检查【常见短语】①background check 背景调查②spell check 拼写检查【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1. You should ______ your answers carefully before handing in the test paper.A. check B. cross C. burn D. reduce2. Passengers of Flight CA183 please go to Gate 45. It’s time to ______.A. get up B. check in C. give up D. take off26、What's wrong / What's the matter 怎么了 /出什么事了 【用法讲解】句型:What's wrong (with sb./sth.) / What's the matter (with sb./sth.) 有如下的用法:(1)用于询问某人遇到什么问题或麻烦。—What's wrong with Jim 吉姆怎么了 —He left his homework at home.他把家庭作业落在家里了。(2)用于询问某人身体上哪里不舒服。—What's wrong / What's the matter 怎么了 —I have a headache.我头痛。(3)用于询问某物出了什么问题或故障。—What's the matter with this clock 这个时钟 怎么了 —It doesn't work.它坏了。【小试牛刀】一:单项选择题1.—You look unhappy, Lily. ________—I lost my favourite book.A.What’s wrong with you B.How are you C.How are you doing D.What’s your name 一、动词不定式作状语和宾语补足语动词不定式基本形式: 肯定式:to+动词原形 否定式:not to+动词原形 在有些情况下,动词不定式可以省略to。 动词不定式是动词的非谓语形式,不作谓语,没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式作目的状语 动词不定式作目的状语,一般放在被修饰词之后,为了强调也可放在句首。 常用词组:in order to do、so as to do “in order to do”可以放句首,也可以放后面,“so as to do”不能放句首,只能放后面。动词不定式作结果状语 常用结构: (not) enough to...、too...to..动词不定式作宾语补足语 可以用不定式作宾语补足语的常单词有:advise, ask, tell, help, wish, want, expect, forbid, persuade, press, request, teach, warn等. 感觉动词后用不定式作宾语补足语时省略to,如feel, see, hear, watch, notice等 使役动词后用不定式作宾语补足语时省略to,如make, let, have等。 动词help之后,动词不定式作宾语补足语可带to,亦可不带to。 感官动词用不定式作宾语补足语着重于动作的全过程或动作的经常性,用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语则是强调当时动作正在进行。【小试牛刀】一、单项选择1、 My father told me ________ scared of making mistakes when learning a new hobby.A.not to be B.to not be C.be not D.not be2、 I often watch movies _________.A.relax B.relaxing C.to relax D.relaxed3、 She went to the art club ________ her painting skills.A.improve B.to improve C.improving D.improved4、 This question is_______difficult for me_________answer.A. so; that B. too;to C. such; that D. enough;to5、 The book is________for a seven-year-old boy______A. enough easy; reading B.enough easy;to readC.easy enough;reading D. easy enough;to read6、 The teacher encouraged us ________ our own ideas about after-school activities.A.express B.to express C.expressing D.expressed7、 She made me _________ to give it a try.A.decide B.to decide C.deciding D.decided8、________ avoid traffic jams, he leaves home at 6 a.m. every morning.A.So as to B.In order that C.In order to D.So that二、完成句子9、 I relax by listening to music in my free time. (改为同义句)I listen to music in my free time.10、 The box is so heavy that I can't carry it. (保持句意不变)The box is ______heavy for me________carry.11、 老师要求我们上学别迟到。The teacher asks us late for school.二、情态动词should的用法概述 should为情态动词,否定式为shouldn’t,其后接动词原形,无人称和数的变化。疑问句把should提到主语前面。 肯定:主语 + should + 动词原形 否定:主语 + should not (shouldn't) + 动词原形 疑问:Should + 主语 + 动词原形 否定疑问:Shouldn't + 主语 + 动词原形 回答时也用should来回答should的用法 should用于表达某种义务或责任,如道德、法律上的义务或责任,意为“应该”。should用于提出某种主观认为合理正确的建议或劝告,意为“应该”。【小试牛刀】一、单项选择1.You ________ eat too much junk food. It’s bad for your health.A.should B.shouldn’t C.need D.needn’t2.You look pale. You ________ see a doctor.A.should B.could C.may D.would3.We ________ keep quiet in the library. It’s one of the library rules.A.can B.may C.should4. —The box is too heavy for me.—You ________ ask Tom for help.A.may B.should C.could二、完成句子5、他们应当遵守交通规则。They follow the .6、你应当尽力与同学好好相处。You should get on well with your classmates.7、We should protect the old buildings. (改为一般疑问句)we the old buildings 三、情态动词could的用法概述 could为情态动词,其后接动词原形,无人称和数的变化。could的用法 could可以作can的过去式用,表示过去的某种能力及过去情况的可能性。用于表达语气更为客气、婉转的请求,这时不表示can的过去式。could还可以 提出建议 ,当使用“could”提出建议时,语气更加委婉和礼貌。【小试牛刀】一、单项选择1.—________ you pass the dictionary to me, please —Sure. Here you are.A.Must B.Need C.Could2.—________ you run very fast now, Grandpa —No, I am afraid not. But I ________ when I was young.A.Could; could B.Can; could C.Could; can D.Can; can3.I ________ run very fast when I was in primary school, but now I can because I’m stronger.A.can’t B.couldn’t C.may not D.needn’t4.______ you please help me carry the heavy box A.Should B.Must C.Could D.Need二、完成句子③ We will have a picnic in the countryside next Saturday. (改为委婉建议)We a picnic in the countryside next Saturday.④ 我午饭后可以和朋友一起闲逛吗?I out with my friends after lunch 四、反身代词的用法概念 表示动作回到其执行者本身(主语与宾语为同一主体)或是要强调代词本身。反身代词的构成 反身代词是由人称代词第一人称和第二人称的形容词性物主代词和第三人称的宾格加“-self”或“-selves”构成。 myself 我自己 ourselves 我们自己 yourself你自己 yourselves 你们自己 himself他自己 herself 她自己 itself 它自己 themselves他/她/它们自己反身代词的句法作用 反身代词在句中可以作表语、宾语、同位语等。 That poor boy was myself。那可怜的孩子就是我。(作表语) Make yourself at home。别客气,就像在家一样。(作宾语) The president himself attended the meeting.(总统本人出席了会议。)(作同位语)含反身代词的常见短语 by oneself 独自 help oneself to 随便吃 enjoy oneself过得很快活 teach oneself自学 lose oneself=lose one's way 迷路【小试牛刀】一、单项选择1.—Mary, where did you get this red lantern —I made it by ________. It’s beautiful, isn’t it A.herself B.yourself C.myself2.—How do you like your school life —It’s great! We can enjoy ________ in different clubs.A.us B.our C.ourselves二、用所给单词的适当形式填空3、—Did you enjoy (you) at the party last night —Yes, we danced and played games together!4、I like to stay at home and cook by (I) in my free time.一、Unit 1单元的主题是“业余活动”,主要围绕如何度过闲暇时光、怎样培养业余爱好、业余爱好带来的积极影响等方面展开。该话题相关的写作主要涉及以下内容:①介绍自已喜欢的业余活动,说明喜欢的原因,表达对这项业余活动的看法。②根据调查结果,介绍某个团体的业余活动情况:③介绍某人是如何培养业余爱好的。典型例题:业余活动不仅为我们的生活增添了无限乐趣,更是我们探索世界、认识自我、培养个性与才能的重要途径。假如你是李华,你校英语广播站正在以“业余活动促成长”为主题,面向广大学生开展征文活动。请你结合以下提示,用英语写一篇短文投稿,介绍自己的业余活动并分享它对自己的影响。要求:1. 包含下面表中的所有信息,可适当增加细节;2. 词数80左右 (文章开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数);3. 文中不得出现真实姓名、学校等信息。Free-time activities play an important role in our lives. They make our lives fun.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【范文】Free-time activities play an important role in our lives. They make our lives fun.As for me, my favourite free-time activity is reading. I started it when I was seven years old. I still remember my first time reading a storybook. Although it was a little difficult, I found it very interesting. Now, I read for half an hour every day. I like reading because it not only opens up my eyes but also helps me relax after a busy day. What’s more, reading makes me think deeply and helps me grow up.I hope everyone can find a meaningful hobby.【范文分析】(1)语篇类型话题阐述类说明文(夹叙夹议): 围绕"业余活动"这一主题,先总述业余活动的重要性,再以第一人称重点介绍自己最喜欢的业余活动——阅读,结合个人经历阐述阅读的好处,最后表达美好祝愿。兼具说明与叙述,属于典型的"总—分—总"话题作文。(2)篇章结构文章采用“总—分—总”的结构开头(总起)点明主题,概括业余活动的意义正文(分述)以个人经历为线索,从"起源→体验→现状→好处"层层展开结尾(总结)升华主题,表达祝愿正文内部也呈递进逻辑:个人经历(过去)→ 现在习惯(现在)→ 三个好处(意义),由浅入深。(3)词汇句型运用1. Free-time activities play an important role in our lives.(经典开篇句,play an important role in 是高频短语,开门见山)2. As for me, my favourite free-time activity is reading.(As for me 自然过渡到个人话题,简洁明了)3. I started it when I was seven years old.(when 引导时间状语从句,交代起点)4. Although it was a little difficult, I found it very interesting.(Although 引导让步状语从句,体现转折,使叙述更真实生动)5. I like reading because it not only opens up my eyes but also helps me relax...not only... but also... (经典并列句型,open up one's eyes 为亮点短语)6. What's more, reading makes me think deeply and helps me grow up.(What's more 递进连接,引出更深层的好处;think deeply 搭配准确)7. I hope everyone can find a meaningful hobby.(hope 引导宾语从句,情感收束,升华主题)(4)逻辑衔接按 "总述重要性 → 个人经历(起源→初次体验→现状)→ 好处(开阔眼界→放松身心→深入思考与成长)" 的顺序展开,由事及理,层层深入,逻辑清晰自然。同时使用了As for me、when、Although、Now、because、not only... but also...、What's more、I hope等词,让句子过渡更加自然顺滑。(5)时态运用谈"现在的状态和习惯"用一般现在时,谈"过去的经历"用一般过去时,两种时态交替使用,使叙述既有现实感又有故事感,时态运用准确、自然。【小试牛刀】1.假如你是李华,你的英国朋友Tom来信询问你的周末生活。请你根据以下要点提示,写一封电子邮件回复他。要点:1. 你通常周末做什么(至少写两件事);2. 你最喜欢的周末活动是什么,为什么;3. 你对周末生活的感受。要求:1. 词数80词左右;2. 包含所有要点,可适当发挥;3. 条理清晰,语句通顺,语法正确,书写规范。Dear Tom,I’m glad to receive your email. You asked about my weekend life. Now let me tell you something about it. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Best wishes,Li Hua二、Unit 2单元的主题是“保持健康”,通过描述各类健康问题和安全事故,增强学生的健康与安全意识。该话题相关的写作主要涉及以下内容:①介绍如何保持健康/安全;②针对健康/安全问题给出合理的建议;③介绍如何保障自身健康/安全。典型例题:假设你是李华,你所在的班级开展了“消防安全进校园”主题班会,老师用PPT展示了5幅关于如何在火灾中保持安全的图片,请根据下面图片信息和写作要求,写一篇英语短文在英语角跟大家分享。写作要求:1.短文内容至少包含3张图片;2.文中不得出现个人真实姓名和校名;3.词数80词左右,标题和开头已经给出,不计入总词数。How to Stay Safe in a Fire When a serious fire happens, it can be very sudden and dangerous. Here are some safety tips for you to follow.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【范文】How to Stay Safe in a Fire When a serious fire happens, it can be very sudden and dangerous. Here are some safety tips for you to follow.We should stay calm and call 119 for help immediately. If there is a gas leak, turn off the gas and lights to prevent the fire from spreading. We should also cover our mouths and noses with a wet cloth. What’s more, never take the lift. Never jump down from a tall building either, as it is extremely dangerous. However, if we are on a lower floor, we can use items like ropes or quilts to climb down safely.Follow these rules to stay safe in a fire.【范文分析】(1)语篇类型实用信息类说明文(建议指导型):围绕"火灾中如何自救"这一主题,以第二人称和第一人称复数(we)向读者提供具体的安全建议和操作步骤,属于典型的"问题—建议"结构的实用指导性文章。(2)篇章结构文章采用“总—分—总”的结构开头(总起):交代背景(火灾危险),引出主题(安全提示);正文(分述):按火灾发生后的操作优先级和逻辑顺序排列:报警→控制火情→自我保护→逃生禁忌→特殊情况处理;结尾(总结):祈使句收束,呼应开头,强化主题。正文内部呈先正后反再补充的逻辑:先说"应该做什么",再说"不应该做什么",最后用However引出例外情况(低楼层的替代方案),层次分明,考虑周全。(3)词汇句型运用1. When a serious fire happens, it can be very sudden and dangerous.(When 引导时间状语从句,sudden and dangerous 并列形容词,开篇简洁有力)2. Here are some safety tips for you to follow.(Here are... 经典引出建议的句型,自然过渡到正文)3. We should stay calm and call 119 for help immediately.(should 表建议,immediately 强调紧迫性,stay calm 为核心自救原则)4. What's more, never take the lift.(What's more 递进连接,never 祈使句表禁止,语气强烈)5. However, if we are on a lower floor, we can use items like ropes or quilts to climb down safely.(However 转折引出例外情况,like 举例说明,climb down safely 表达准确)6. Follow these rules to stay safe in a fire.(祈使句结尾,to stay safe 不定式表目的,简洁有力)(4)逻辑衔接按火灾发生后的行动优先级排列——报警求救→ 控制火源→ 自我防护→ 逃生禁忌→ 特殊情况替代方案。由"最紧急"到"次紧急"再到"特殊情况",逻辑清晰。同时使用了When、Here are...、should / should also、If、What's more、Never... either、as、However、like、Follow...等词,让句子过渡更加自然顺滑。(5)时态运用全文几乎统一使用一般现在时,这是建议指导类文章的典型特征——不强调时间变化,而是强调"任何时候都应这样做"的普遍适用性。【小试牛刀】2.为了提升同学们的交通安全意识,学校英语社团将举办以“交通安全”为主题的征文活动。请你以How to Keep Safe on the Road为题写一篇短文,分享日常出行的安全建议。写作要点:1.过马路时要小心,遵守交通规则;2.乘坐自行车/电动车时要佩戴头盔;3.呼吁大家重视交通安全。提示词:traffic rules, cross the road, red light / green light, wait, careful, helmet, safe要求:1.语句通顺,条理清晰,书写规范;2.80词左右,可适当发挥;3.文中不得出现真实姓名、校名。How to Keep Safe on the Road_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 Unit 1和Unit 2期末复习学案 2025-2026学年人教版(2024)英语八年级下册(原卷版).docx Unit 1和Unit 2期末复习学案 2025-2026学年人教版(2024)英语八年级下册(解析版).docx